The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-07-08
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of the most stable and progressive oi the nations of the world, has achieved that standing only after a long period of strife and revolution. For years the country was plunged into a tur- moil as terrible as that which now convulses unhappy Mexico. All the brighter by this dark contrast shines the nation of the present-a nation dedicated to liberty.
 The new nation set up a century ago was not content with having achieved its own freedom, but brave ly joined in it's neighbors' struggles for liberty. San Martin led an army of his countrymen across the Andes and helped Chile to drive out tie Spaniards. after which he led his vic- torious army into Peru and drove the royalists from their last stronghold. In the meantime Argentina had be- come involved in war with Brazil over the possession of the Banda Oriental, now the republic of Uru- quay, which had been made a part of the United Provincese of La Plata River but which was claimed by roy alist Brazil. After a long struggle between the two countries a compro- mise was reached by which Uruguay became an independent republic.
 A national constitution for the fed eral states now constituting the Ar gentina Republic was decreed in 1925. The executive power was then vested in a president, and Don Bernardo Ri< vadavia was chosen for the position The question of states rights which brought about the most disastrous of North Americas wars, also caused great deal of trouble in Argentina. Ri- vadavia was the leader of the so-called Unitarian" party, which stood for strongly centralized government. The opposition party, the Federals, sought to make each state as independent as possible of the central government. In the election of 1927 the Federals triumphed and elected Vicente Lopez to the presidency, The Unitarians, defeated at the polls, were poor losers, and under the leadership of General Lavalle they started a revolution. At first the Unitarians were successful. but in 1929 the Federals under Gen. Rosas were successful in battle. Rosas |inaugurated reign of terror and forced Congress to give him extra-or- dinary rights by which he ruled as despotc dictator. For a decade Rosas
 
 but in 1889 Lavalle took advantage of a quarrel between Argentina and France to return and head a revolu- ton. His army was routed and he was taken prisoner and shot.
 Rosas deserves to rank among the worst of the tyrants of history. His rule was upheld by terrorism and con- stant bloodshed. He and his parti- sans sought to do away with opposi- ton by exterminating their political enemies. and hundreds of men who dared oppose him were slaughtered. At length he made war on Uruguay because that republic offered asylum to the refugees from Argentiha, and in 1845 he began a siege of Monte video. This led to joint interven- ton by England and France, and for two years Buenos Ayres was block aded. The tyrant continued his reign of terror until 1852, when his armies were at last defeated. Rosas escaped from the battlefield in disguise and sought protection on British steam CT. while Buenos Ayres went wild with joy at its deliverance from the despot: a Urquiza's provisional ygeyernment had scarcely been established when a new revolt, was started. The city of Buenos Ayres demanded a dominant place in the confederation, and when this was refused the people 'revolted and set up an independent republic. Parana then became the capital of the | thirteen provinces under Urquiza, while Obligado ruled over the repub- lie of Buenos Ayres, which included the province as well as the city of that m
 fully maintained until 1859. when the Buenos Ayres army was defeated by | the Confederate forces and Buenos Ayres rejoined the confederation and became its capital.
 l Urquiza was overthrown by a rev. olution in 1861. and General Mitre succeeded to the presidency. During
 his administration Argentina joined with Uruguay and Brazil in making war on the infamous Lopez, dictator of Paraguay, who had spent years in forming and training an army with the idea of conquering the continent of South America. After one of the bloodiest wars in history this would-be Napoleon was defeated and slain. but not until after Paraguay's population had been almost wiped out.
 | Don Bartolome Mitre, who was an author as well as a great states man and soldier, was peacefully suc- ceeded by Don Domingo Faustino Sar- miento, who organized the school sys- tenn of the republic. He was succeed ed by Don Nicolas Avelfaneda, who encouraged commerce and industries and gave Argentina it's first great i'm petus toward commercial prosperity. Each of these presidents had to cope
 with rebellions but they were of @ local character. and were speedily re- pressed During the administration of Don Julio Roca the country came to the verge of war with Chile over boundary dispute, but hostilities were averted by the arbitration of the British King. The famous monument l ''The Christ of the Andes was erected by the women of the two nations to commemorate this successful settle ment of this quarrel.
 The people of Argentina are im- mensely proud of their country, and they have a right to be. for in the last quarter of a century they have accomplished a wonderful transfer nation Buenos Ayres, the capital, has a population which Is rapidly ap- preaching the two million mark. and it now ranks among the great cities of the world. The city contains near 1 ly a quarter of the total population of the republic, which is now about eight millions. having almost doubled since the beginning of the century. Proud and free. with the bloody