The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1916-08-10

days until succor reached them or
death; of captured surgeons who
bound up the wounds Of their cap
tors; of heroic rescues of wounded
comrades under fire and of count
less similar deeds that thrilled the
watching world.
The first move in the great allied
offensive was not made by the Fran
co-British, however, but by the Rus
slams. On June the troops of En-
peror Nicholas opened a tremendous
assault on the Austro-German lines
on a 800 mile front extending from
the Pripet marshes to Roumania.
The Teuton lines held firm in the
north, but to the south Gen. Brussi-
loft swept with irresistible force
through the Austrian defenses, tear
ing a great gap about 100 miles in
extent. Through this the Russians
poured, capturing Czernowitz, the
capital of Bukowina, and overrun-
ming the crown land. The Austrian
losses are declared to have been enor-
nous, a month after the offensive
began the Russians making an Of
fetal announcement that over 200,-
900 prisoners had been taken and at
least an equal number killed or
wounded.
Battle for Lemberg.
AS the offensive developed the Rus
slams won new successes further
north and at the close of the war
year are engaged in mighty strug-
gle for Lemberg, the capital of Cali
cia. The fighting has also extended
to the extreme north, in the Riga
Dvinsk region, but here the Germans
have held their own and no decisive
result has as yet been gained by
either side.
In another theatre of the war the
year was marked by other and i'm
portant Russian successes. Follow
ing the disasters on the eastern front
in the closing months of 1915 the
Grand Duke Nicholas was removed
as commander-in-chief of the Rus
sian armies and sent to take charge
of the operations against the Turks
in the Caucasus. After months Of
preparation he began great drive
across Armenia in January, 1916,
which resulted in the capture of Ere
rum and the port of Trebizond and
expelled the Turks from the greater
part of Armenia After a compara-
tive lull of some months the grand
duke resumed his advance simultan-
eously with serious uprising against
the Turks by the Arabs in Arabia.
The Arabs took the sacred city OF
Mecca, Jiddah and Taft and besieged
Medina, the city where Mohammed
was buried and one of the hottest
spots of the Mohammedan world. In
the meantime the Russians took
Mamakhatun and Baiburt, but these
operations have not yet reached a
definite conclusion.
In connection with the Turkish
campaign the year saw a serious re-
verse for the Franco-British arms
and less important but highly dra-
matte, disaster for the British. The
disastrous attempt of the French and
British to force the Dardanelles and
seize Constantinople was definitely
abandoned in November, 1915, and
the allied troops withdrawn from the
Gallipoli peninsula. About 10000
troops had been used in this venture,
supported by a mighty fleet. Six bat
tleships, five British and one French,
were sent to the bottom as we'll as
some minor craft and the casualties
were unoficially reported to be al
most equal to the original number of
the expeditionary force. This was
the result of six months of some of
the most sanguinary fighting of the
war.
The Capture of Townshend.
The second disaster of the British
was the surrender of 10000 troops
under Gen. Townshand to the Turks
at Kut-el-Amara on the Tigris. This
expedition had made a sensational
dash more than 800 miles up the
river in an attempt to seize Bagdad.
It was within ten miles of the city
when it was decisively defeated by
the Turks and forced to fall back
100 miles. Here it was surrounded
and forced to surrender after re-
lief force had made several vain ef-
forts at rescue.
Two new nations entered the ranks
Of the belligerents during the year.
On October 13, 1915, Bulgaria threw
in her lot with the central powers and