davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28
UTILIZE CORNFIELD
TO PREPARE LAMBS
Light Corn Crop Makes it NeceS-
Sary to Get Most Possible
Out of the Field.

Ry H. HACKEDORN, Missouri Agricul-
turaI Experiment Station-)
The light corn crop this fall makes
it necessary to get the most possible
out of the field. The practice of uti-
lizing the underground in the cornfield
and the lower leaves of the cornstalks
by pasturing the field with lambs has
become quite a common one.
Fifty-three to 60-pound western feed
ing lambs are used. The lighter lambs
are used by those who wish to make a
80 to To-day feed, finishing of the
lambs in dry lot the last 30 or 40 days.
The heavier lambs are used by feeders
wanting to make a so or Today feed.
Good to choice lambs are commonly
fed. The number of lambs per acre
will depend upon the amount and con-
dition of the forage. Usually to 4
lambs per acre will be sufficient.
A single-deck carload of lambs will
be about $50 or 160. Lambs can be
purchased at the Kansas City, st.
Louis, st. Joseph, and Omaha stock
yards through any reliable commission
house.
The following is a reliable quotation
from sheep commission company on
the Kansas City yards: Lambs have
been fattened very successfully in the
cornfeld by a good many Of our custo-
mers. Conditions may be a little diff
ferent on account of the dry weather,
and no doubt the lambs will require a
80 days feed in the feed lot before
they are considered finished.
1--WE look for a good high market
throughout the fall, and if we are go
ing TO make a guess as to the market
the first of December, we would say
from 5000 to $11.00. There is more
reason for US to expect high prices this
year than last"
The department of animal husbandry
of the Missouri College of Agriculture
will be at the service OF any Missouri
farmer who wishes help in buying
lambs or assistance in the manage
ment OF them.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28
MAKING STATE ROADS SAFER
Purchase of Parcels of Land at High
way intersections of Interest to
All Travellers.

A bill authorizing the purchase Of
parcels of land at highway intersec-
lions, now on the house calendar, is Of
interest to all travellers on the state
roads. Any reasonable plans for i'm
proving the corners is likely to have
general approval. Real estate In the
country towns, outside the villages, is
inexpensive. The cost OF eliminating
right-angle turns should not be Excess
sive, and the gain in safety will be
appreciate. Many serious accidents
have occurred at these abrupt turns,
particularly where the dangerous con-
ditiOns were not revealed by lights. At
such points the best remedy is in the
relocation of the highway lines, and it
may be said that immunity from dan
ger is worth more than the price OF a
few square feet Of unoccupied farm
Journal
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28
wastefuI Method of Handling Manure.

WastefuI Method of Handling Manure.
feeds brought into the state more than
covers that in agricultural products
sold by Wisconsin farmers
Enormous Waste of Manure.
The United States department of ag-
riculture estimated the number of cat
tie in the United States on january 1,
1919, at 100000; sheep, 5T,216, 600;
swine, 4T,TS2, 900. If we assume that
ten sheep or hogs are equivalent to
one cow or steer in manure production,
we shall have a total of over 10000
600 cattle. They are no doubt euuiva-
lent to 100000 1,OOO-pound cattle. If
these are yarded four months each
winter, there should be a total manure
production during that period of 49,
100000 tons. having a crop-producing
value Of at least 500, Geo above all
cost Of handling. 1t is a very cOnserva-
tive estimate TO place the waste OF
this manure under the present system
OF handling at % Per cent, or $50
100000 annually. 1t is no doubt twice
that amount.
Manure is lest by weathering. leach
ing, heating, rOtting. by piling in heaps
in the field and letting stand before
spreading. If you cannot spread it
soon after it is produced, store Ii in a
pit or manure shed
OF all the ways in which manure is
handled, piling It in heaps in the field
is the most TaStefuI. 1t is worse than
leaving it under the barn caves and
letting it leach out there, because Of
the waste Of labor involved In hauling
it to the field to be thrown away.
The Overgrowth Of lodged and half
filled grain over such spots ought TO
be sufficient to convince any man of
the mistake Of such a method: vet
there are thousands Of farmers who
are sun piling manure in the fields.
Value Of Liquid Manure.
a greater portion OF the fertiIizfng
value OF the manure is found in the
liquid portion The full effect OF
neither the solid nor the liquid portion
can be obtained except when used I'm
connection with the other. If the
liquid is permitted to flow away or
become leached out by rain and sepa-
rated from the solid portion, whether
in yard or field. it carries with fl the
plant food The only right way to
handle manure Is to collect the liquid
By abundant absorbents as straw, get
1t promptly to the field, spread it there
at once and let sunshine and rain do
their work The sunshine viii eTap-
crate the water and the rain which fol-
lows viii dissolve the salts and wash
them into the soil where they are
needed
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28
INFLUENCE OF AGE
ON VALUE OF HORSES
Animal Considered to Be in His
Prime Shortly After He Is
Six Years of Age.

From the United States Department Of
Agriculture)
Estimates obtained by the depart
ment from about $50 owners indicate
that q farm work-hOrse is considered
to be in his prime shortly after six
years Of age, and that even though
still perfectly sound, he has declined
in value about one-half from the maxi
mum when between fourteen and f1f-
teen years. The estimates were made
on the basis of a maximum value OF
$3.50, and covered values by yearly
steps from birth to sixteen years of
age, The accompanying table, showing
the rise and fall of value with age in
dollars and in percentage Of maximum
value, summarizes the results of this
study.
Influence of Age on Values of Farm
Work Horses.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28
VALUE OF IMPROVED ROADS
Public Highway Is More Generally
Used Than Any Other Means
of ntercommunication.

1t has been stated, and correctly so,
that only 10 per cent of the public
roads in the United States are i'm
proved; in many states, only 3 per
cent have been made good. Therefore,
with from 80 to 90 per cent of our
highways mere trails across country,
Americans are living in a land OF
mud or dust, according to the season.
Rarely are poor roads easily travel
able; improved roads, if improved &C
cording to modern methods, are al
ways travelable in the most inclement
weather, barring a blizzard and snow
drifts. The force of this observation
may be the more readily understood
when it is stated that the public road
is more generally used than any other
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28
TIME TO MARKET DUcKLlNGs
Success Achieved by Feeding Fowls
All They Can Eat Until Fowls
Are Ten Weeks Old.

Too many small duck growers make
little or no profit from their years la
Dor, simply because they are ignorant
OF the proper time to market their
ducklings. Success comes only by
feeding the ducks all they can eat
from the time they are Matched until
they are ten weeks old and then send
ing them right away to market
If the ducklings are Matched early,
so the top prices may be secured, they
can be sold when nine weeks old. But
never keep ducklings that are to be
marketed longer than u weeks, no
matter how backward they are. After
this period the ducklings begin to grow
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28
FATTEN ALL SURPLUS MALES
Pumpkins Found Quite Satisfactory
Fowls Make Quick Gains-Flesh
Fine in Flavor.

A poultry breeder who experimental
with pumpkins for fattening a pen of
surplus cOckerels, put five cockerels in
a fattening coop, covered with canvas
to keep it dark The birds were fed
four times day-twO meals of boiled
carrots, to which had been added corn
meal for stiffening; one meal of boiled
pumpkins, mixed with ground oats and
Cornmeal for stiffening, and one meal
of whole corn. Milk and water were
supplied for drinking; also grit and
charcoal.
AT the end Of Is days the birds had
made gain of over two pounds each,
and the flesh was said to be exception
ally fine in flavor and quality of meat.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28

methods at very small cost through
the organization of a cow-testing as
ISOLATION. An organization of this
kind that hires an expert to deter
mine the feed cost of milk or fat pro-
ductiOn for each cow in the herds of
the members is easily possible Such
an expert travels from farm to farm,
spending usually one day at a place.
Each cows milk is weighed and test
ed, as is her feed. An account is
opened in the ledger for each animal
and at the end of the year the profit
or loss of each one can be ascertained.
The heifers of good cows should be
selected and the poor COWS should go
to the Slaughterhouse, otherwise they
may be the means OF running the own
er's business. A contrasting aSsocia-
ton is a cooperative organization with
local offices, and one that can be of
use also for advertising the sale of
cattle. The results obtained with such
advertising have often been remark
able. Dairymen and breeders are GER
tain to be interested in such q move
ment for the lettering of the business.
at present about $50 of the organiza-
lions keep the records for about $780,
600 cows owned by about 1900 farm
ers. These men are realizing the bene-
fits of cooperation.
The dairy business is well adapted
for cooperative organization, and con-
certed effort by dairymen usually
means much greater profits on milk
and cream through the elimination of
waste, the application of more econom-
ical methods of production and manu-
facture, and the development of more
productive COWS.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28

prepared by the United States DEPART
ment OF AgricultUre.)
There are so many leaks in the dairy
business that only by the use of the
best business principles can it be made
permanently profitable. Individual
COWS must each make profit over the
cost of feed; this can be determined
only by weighing each cows milk and
the feed that she consumes. The old
argument that the best cows are
known may have some foundation, but
few men know the poorest cows, and
the latter go to make up the average
as well as the good COWS. No dairy
is better than its average production
If this is too low, the herd is not pay
ing a profit. Business principles must
therefore be applied to lowering the
cost of milk production. Efficiency is
as much a necessity on the farm as in
the factory. Few men feed their COWS
in proportion to the quantity of milk
produced, yet what could be more sim
pie and more nearly right? With lit
tie regard for her needs, feed is put
before the cow in plenty if it is cheap,
and in less quantity if the price is
high. Cows use about 60 per cent of
their feed merely to keep their bodies
working, and it is the quantity that is
fed above this fixed necessity that fur
nishes the material for the milk. Too
often the dairyman says 81 would do
all the up-to-date things if had the
time" Can the stOrekeeper afford to
run his business without keeping
books? Yet that is what the farmer
is doing.
Benefits Of Cow Testing.
Working in cooperation, dairymen
can obtain the benefits of business
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28

their adult plumage and rapidly lose
in weight and therefore will not be fit
to kill until they are Is or 20 weeks
old.
1ings to the greatest possible extent.
If they are not ready for market in ten
weeks, and have to be kept ten weeks
longer you either will make no profit
or lose on the bargain. At the older
age they will not bring. nearly as much
as green ducks and will have cost you
nearly twice their worth.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28
EGG AVERAGE IN AUSTRALIA
Pen of Six Leshorns Averaged Over
2s3 Eggs Each in Year-Room
for Better Selection.

In an egg-laying contest in Aus
tralia, a pen of six Leghorns averaged
a little over 2S3 eggs each in one. year,
and $50 birds-all in the contest-av-
eraged POT eggs each.
Think of that and then recall that
the average for the United States is
less than 75. Certainly there is room
for better selection, care and feeding.
There is money in doing this part Of
our farming right.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28

fertilizer elements contained in the ma
nure produced by these animals during
the year is as follows:
1,504, 900 milk COWS, fer
ulizer value OF manure
produced $50. OSO. 900
1,146,O00 other cattle, fer
tilizer value Of manure
produced ...... %, 1000
$50, eco horses, fertilizer
value OF manure pro-
duced .-....... 9,7sO.OOO
$4,000 sheep, fertilizer
value Of manure produced 1,644,OOO
100000 swine, fertilizer
value of manure produced $4,000
Total value OF the manure
produced annually So. 544 600
by the farm animals in the state is
worth twice as much as that annually
removed from the soil by crops If all
the fertilizer elements contained in the
manure produced on Wisconsin farms
could be saved and properly utilized,
the fertility of the soil in the state
might be maintained and even i'm
proved, since the fertility in purchased
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28
GIVE SHEEP SOME ATTENTION
Lanes Must Be Well Cared for In
Order to Make Best Growth Be-
fore Marketing in Fall.

Many sheep owners have a tendency
90 let the sheep take care OF them
selves after shearing time has passed,
and there are so msny other duties
demanding attention.
Where there are Young lambs they
should be well cared for in order TO
make the best growth possible before
marketing in the fall. They are hard
10 get in shape TO sell when they have
been forced 70 look out for themselves.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28
GOOD STOCK IS ON INCREASE
Farmers Begin to Realize Value %
Purebred StaIIicn-Grade AMI
mails Are Decreasing

That the farmers are realizing the
value Of the purebred stallion IS shown
by the fact that the number Of such
horses registered has increased more
than 50 per cent since 1910 and that
the number OF grade stations regis
tered has decreased more than IA Per
cent In the same tine.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28
GET BEEF FROM DAIRY STOCK
Discrimination in Color in Purchasing
Meat AnimaIs-Case of Red
and-White HoIstein.

OF course all cattle can be divided
into two great claSSes-thoSe OF the
dairy type and those Of the beef type.
In some cases members OF the beef
type have large milking capacities.
These we call general or dual-purpose
animals.
But all cattle may be used for beef.
In fact, it is said that some Of the
strictly dairy types furnish a Splen-
did quality OF meat. The reason why
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28
DON'T CROWD LITTLE CHICKS
EndeaVor to Keep Young Fowls in
Small Flocks-Bed All Corners
With Litter.

Avoid crowding by keeping chicks in
small fiocks and bedding all corners
with plenty of litter Fresh straw or
dried grass serves this purpose for
large chicks, clover chaff or shavings
for baby chick litter.
Very often shavings can be pro-
cured free Of charge at the mill.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28
NUMBER OF MALES IN FLOCK
With Small Breeds One Rooster to
Ten or Fifteen Hens Is Consid-
cred About Right Number.

The following is generally consid-
cred the proper number of females
to one male: The small breeds, ten
to fifteen females; medium breeds,
eight to ten females; large breeds,
six to ten females. Ducks, one male
50 five females. Geese in pairs, and
turkeys about one male to five fe-
males. Stock on free range may be
mated in large numbers.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28
Gown In Omen Pens

Stall1eSs stables for dairy COWS
have some decided advantages IL the
animals are dehOrned- Many farm
ers who have kept their COWS together
in open pens claim they do better and
that there is a considerable saving OF
labor.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28
Take Cara of Pastunaa

Pastures. ike most meadowlands,
are not given the care and attention
they merit, for no other lands on the
farm viii produce such profits as they
il properly managed.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28
New Road Machine

The surfaces OF roads are planed,
scarifed, rolled and made ready for
use in a single trip over them by q
machine that a Pennsylvania has In
vented.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28
Handy Feed Cutter.

the latter s inches above the frame.
The knife lever is bOlted on left hind
leg TO allow using the right for cut
ting and TO be used on the right also.
The knife may be made OF q piece
OF crosscut saw or scythe blade The
blade is Il inches long. With II for.
age may be cut any Southern
Aericulturist
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28
Trees Starved to Death.

Many fruit trees are just about
starved to death. They show it in ev-
cry limb. The soil should be made
richer, so that the roots may find nour-
ishment for fruit, leaf and branch.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28
swiII Sour ouiekIY.

SwiII sours very quickly in hot
weather. Keep the troughs clean, be-
cause the pigs never thrive on rotten
feed OF any kind.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28
81 ed Eco ImmaterIaL

As long as eggs are sold By the doz-
en- instead Of By the pound, the size
does not really matter on the general
market, as the price wiz be Just the
same as for larger eggs. But in build
ing up a retail or fancy trade, the
large-sized eggs command the best
sales.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28
Training the Cot.

OF course the breeding has a lot 70
DO with the gait OF a colt, but a well
bred colt. If harnessed at first with
an old. slO1-EaIking horse, VIII form
the habit OF q slow walk
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28
PUT FEED CUTTER TOGETHER
Body Is Made Of Plank by y Inches
and = Feet Long-Knife Blade
Bolted o. Leg

The body Of the feed cutter shown
In the ILLUSTRATION herewith is made
OF plank 1 by 10 inches and 4 feet
long, with sides 1 by g inches. one
leg in the back and two in the front,
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28
vERMIN WORK MUCH DAMAGE
They Fall Easy Prey to Disease
Germs of All Kinds.

Lice OF all kinds not only torment
the fowls and chicks and make their
lives miserable. but they weaken them
so that they fall easy prey to disease
germs which otherwise they might be
able t. throw of.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28
Rronerlx Made coIIar

A properly made collar. made espe-
ciaIly for the horse that is to wear it,
becomes adjusted to the conformation
Of the neck and shoulders.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28

Vegetables Are Heavy Feeders.
Vegetables are heavy feeders, but
they E1H return. many tines over, the
value Of the manure used in building
I'd the son
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28
Thin overIoaded Treea.

Apple trees that are overloaded with
fruit should have much picked of, so
that those left may get all the food
needed.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28
Death to WooIx Anhls.

Tobacco dust is death to the woody
aphis. Tobacco good enough for the
pest can be raised on almost any farm.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28
Packing Tomatoes

Remove the stems from tomatoes
before packing the fruit. They are
almost certain to cause more or less
damage If not removed
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28
MuIchino-

Prevents the growth Of weeds.
Retains moisture in the soil.
Adds humus, one Of the necessary
elements.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28
stock for Small Earmer.

The small farmer can keep a variety
OF live stock sufficient to produce some
thing to sell and bring in a bit Of ready
cash every month in the year.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28
Have Entrance Neat.

See that the entranee.to the farm is
neat and clean Appearances may be
improved by a group Of shrubs at
either side.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28
I,,nrov.. MiIk a. Dir,

4 little carbonate of soda viii keep
separator milk quite sweet and pal
atable for the pigs.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28

A little atteation TO the feet OF the
colt VIII greatly repay by better feet
and legs IN the nature horse.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28
Weeds Are Robbers.

Remember that weeds are robbers
both OF plant food and moisture.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28
short Bite for sheep.

Sheep win thrive on a short bite.
but don't let the bite get too short.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28
caVer UnsIahtI4 Eence

Annual plants and vines viii quickly
cover an unsishtly fence or rubbish
DEle
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28

A silo Il feet in diameter and s.
feet high win hold 100 tons Of stlags.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28
soM Rufahanas.

Sow turnips or rutabagas on the
newly ploWed strawberry bed
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28

Pigs in clover Is en- ideal condition.
Alfalfa pasture meets the same end
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-28

The large tractor is going ont Of uue
On small farms.
The Washington herald., 1916-06-28
GREGORY ruling HITS
PAPER CONTRACTORS
Attorney General Decides Contract
Prices Apply to Unlimited Fed
eral Supplies.

Attorney General Gregory has rem
dered to the Joint Committee on Print
ing formal opinion in connection with
contracts for paper, which is causing
Considerab BILE perturbation among paper
companies and which incidentally aroused
the keenest interest among other govern
ment contractors
The Attorney General in substance has
decided that the government is only OBJ
ligated to pay the contract price on paper
and can order as much or as little as II
pleases, irrespective OF the quantity
speCied in the contract.
Legal officers of other departments say
that 1t is their understanding that this
applies to contracts for other articles
supplied to the government under the
form of contract used, and that this
principle can be enforced in the courts.
Several weeks ago the public printer
ordered paper in excess of the quantity
specified in the contract with one Of the
large companies. The company stated
that it had already furnished the guam
tity on which it had bid and on which
It had been awarded the contract, and
on this quantity it had suffered a loss,
owing to the increase in the cost of pa
per-making quantities
John s. Wilson. age 1o1. Of Rochester
n. Y, takes an active interest in politicss