davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening journal., 1916-01-17

lowing the enlisted men fifty per cent.
extra pay while they are under in
struction at the aviation school, ana
to continue while they are actually
detailed in the flying corps. This ad-
ditional pay was granted by Congress
on account of the stand taken by IN
surance Companies who have made
drastic rules as to paying policies on
people who meet death through avia-
tion-lndeed. several OF them will
not pay the death insurance of man
killed by an aircraft even though ne
be an innocent bystander.
Mechanicians receive the extra pay
as we'll as fiiers owing to the fact that
they may be called upon at any time
10 accompany an aviator in flight
About forty men are now receiving
the extra stipend as qualified aviators
-eight marines and thirty-two sailors
Recently there has been an Increased
number of requests from both ofhcer'
and men to be detailed In the ava
ton service, perhaps due to the sue
cess OF the aircraft in the European
4 war. Then, too. there Is an excite
meut and exhilaration about fiyinl
} that is found in no other profession
lana after all il is not more hazardou
!, than automobile racing or submarin
J service.
3 To BE Built BY Government.
IT is expected that most Of the ma
chimes to be provided for the nav
will be built by the Government an
- several are already under constru'
Evening journal., 1916-01-17

SLAMS in freeing Bulgaria may not nave
been wholly disinterested the fact re-
mains that had it not been for the
cars army Bulgaria might still be
ruled by Turkish ofiicials. The people
thus freed were mainly peasants with
little knowledge OF the art OF govern
ment and for time the Russians ran
things TO suit themselves. Then came
the Assembly OF Notables in accord
ance with the Berlin Treaty Of 1879,
which passed the Constitution and
elected Prince Alexander OF Batten-
burg as the reigning prince. This
young man. who was but twenty-five
years OF age. had been living in re-
tirement at Potsdam. He at first hes
itated 20 accept the honor thrust upon
, him but finally, after some persuasion
on the part of his relatives. accepted
Being n nephew OF Gar Alexander H.
he was acceptable 20 the Russians
His reign for the frrt two years wa'
e comparatively eay. for being a sol
l. dier he soon won fhe people. but afte
Il the death OF his royal uncle the nev
, Czar Alexander ~. attempted TO rui
Evening journal., 1916-01-17

ton in Washington navy yard. other
yards will begin their work later. one
of the machines planned by Naval
Constructor Richardson provides for
an aircraft with a load carrying ca
paclty of six thousand pounds with a
speed of from fifty to eighty miles.
The navy has recently purchased nve
Burgess Dunn machines, two of which
are in commission and three are in
the process OF building. There are
also several Curtis flying boats, doing
excellent service at Pensacola. other
machines which have been ordered
by the Navy Department are being
constructed at manufacturing plants
under the direction OF some OF the
naval officers OF the flying corps.
The experiment with the dirigible
is entirely new to the navy flying
corps, and It is believed that It's in
PRODUCTION into the SERVES is due ia
the favorable reports made by our
aviation experts who have been study
ing the work of the zeppelins during
the present war.
Ideal Spot.
Pensacola is an ideal spot for the
aviation school. First, It is always
dellgnlIullN WARM anu NAS hJAhb AhSA
can 90 into the air almost every dal
In the year and find all sorts OF air.
: second, because Pensacola is off thu
J beaten track and few visitors will
come to watch the work. Even IL the.
do come to Pensacola the ride to tn
; aviation station is by no means pleas
= ant. as one must travel on dirty, rick
E ety old street cars. crossing even NOR
! rickety bridges, and then wade In tn
o sand for fifteen minutes before reach
3 ing the entrance. So. It is not hkel
Is that the aviators viii be troubled Wit
many tourists.
e Tent hangers have been set up o
1.-THE beach and permanent ones WI
lbe erected later. There is a siopin
To- sandy beach where long wooden rur
" lners have been made for the ms
d chimes. At the far end OF the hangai
: is a tower where an observer Is
Evening journal., 1916-01-17

the AFFAIRS of Bulgaria himself ana
series of incidents occurred whlch
plunged that country into a war with
Servia and ended in the abdicauon OF
Prince Alexander.
The Grand Council met once more,
and this time elected Waldemar OF
Denmark as the ruler, but the prince
refused the honor. 1t was next OF
fered 10 King Carol OF Roumania, but
he. too, refused to serve. Plots ana
counter-plots crept in, and 1t became
imperative that a ruler for Bulgaria
should be found at once. so com
mittee was sent out to examine the
royal cadets of Europe. While almos'
in despair Of finding the proper mar
one of the committee dropped into
circus in Vienna where he met
friend who declared he knew th'
very man for the position and as
result the present king. then Frlno'
Ferdinand OF SAKE rg-Gotha' wa
selected.
Ferdinand Elected Ruler.
on August i4th. 1887. he took IN
, oath Of ONCE. The son Of dis
Evening journal., 1916-01-17

light Krupp guns The men are
singularly strong build. powerful race
used to outdoor life. AS the country
is for the most part agricultural they
know how to handle animals. and ths
cavalry is said to be a splendid body
OF fine horsemen.
People and Country.
The great mass of Bulgarians are
engaged in tilling the soil and they
know little of politics. When called
out TO fight they so at IL as business
and fight until they win or are wound
ed or killed. The majority OF them are
fatalists and II wounded they take Il
as the fortune of war and suner with
a stoicism which causes the American
surgeon to marvel at their Iortituoe'
The bulgarian peasant has few COM
forts as comforts go in America, bait
hoth sexes seem to be satisfied to
: live roughly so they have enough to
cat There was little real poverty un-
, tu after the last war with Servia, but
even this is not great. Poverty in our
sense Of the word does not exist. The
Z yonen love gay colors, stripes run
4 ring around instead of lengthwise be-
: inc the favorite style. They often
% wear strings of coins in their hair or
8 around their necks. While by no
Q means beautiful, they are such well
e formed. sturdy women that they at
y tract ones attention.
y sofia is the capitalize center Of
l. The political and intellectual life Of
e the country. Here the King lives when
e he is at home. Two-thirds OF his time
10 spent even when I'm Bulgaria at one
of his country places, the natives de-
Il clare. in fear Of assassination. Life
- has always been cheap in the Ball
= lans. especially where officials ars
20 concerned, and their removal" causeS
- no more excitement than an automO-
IN bue accident on a crowded street in
ar the United States. Before the war
"A the King made many visits TO Vienna
40 and Paris, where he spent large sums
90 of money in entertaining. There i:
- little to be seen in Sofia except thS
Il cathedral and the House of Parlia.
nv ment, which costs over $3.50, 900
he There is practically no society excep
be where politics are concerned.
n Nearly forty per cent of the coun
,es trv's area is cultivated, OF whicl
ms three-fourths are devoted TO raisini
he wheat, corn and barley--a fact whicl
I'M may help Germany in its food supply
Evening journal., 1916-01-17

ough in every respect and plenty OF
hard work and strict attention 10
business will be required OF the men.
The least deviation from the path OF
sobriety means dismissal from the
class The course includes instruc-
ton in machinery. motors and all thelr
appurtenances, such as carburetors'
radiators. magnetos, etc. There Is also
n complete course i'm assembling ana
adjusting the various parts OF ma
chimes. how to take them apart for
packing, how to stow them away on
shipboard and how TO re-assemble
them when the destination is reached.
Aside from the mechanical work
there is q series OF text book instruc-
ton and special examinations at In
tervals OF a few weeks when the an
swers to questions must be written
out Hydropianes are used almost
exclusively. although a small dirisible
now under construction at Hartford
Connecticut viii be sent to Pensacola
for experimental purposes.
The enlisted men az the school vii
be trained both as mechanicians and
as aviators. Very frequently theii
work will be to assist the man wh'
drives the aeroplane by locating GER
tain spots by the aid Of glasses or il
photographing certain places or II
mapping the country. marking spot
where troops are located, or to &C
as pilots on some occasion.
Extra Pay.
The last Congress passed an act n
Evening journal., 1916-01-17

ways on the watch when flights are
being made. From this point the
watcher is able to detect the slightest
mishap to a machine. Happily, ac-
cidents have been few, although hun
dreds of flights have been made. Last
year a series of manoeuvres were held
when the aviators did scout work and
proved that an aeroplane is the worst
enemy of the deadly submarine. 1t
is a much swifter craft than the under
sea boat and after sighting the latter
it can give warning of its position
before the submarine can get out of
the way. Bomb dropping has also been
tried out with success. This test was
made by placing small targets on the
water and dropping bombs upon
them.
Experiments.
The North Carolina is the station
ship. She recently returned from duty
in the Mediterranean waters and ha.
been designated by the Department az
the aeronautic ship and the home o.
the aviation corps. The vessel. hal
been equipped with two aeroplani
4 hoisting cranes and extensive expert
ments will be made to find out tn
most practical way OF hosting aero
4 planes on and OF OF ships. A cata
pult or aeroplane launching devic
!, which was tried out with more or les
success from a coal barge has bee
!, installed on board the North Caro-
} lima. Recently the cruiser went ou
to sea for the purpose of testing tn
- apparatus and two successful aero
: plane flights we're made by Its al
! from the decks of a battleship.
The device used consists OF trac
y extending along the ships after dec
\ upon which is car. The aeroplar
lands on the device from the air an
n Is secured 70 the car. On launchin
n the car is driven down the track unit
2 it has attained high speed This
i brought TO sudden stop and u
T. laeroplane released from its moorini
4 scars into the air, having been sh
l. over the cruisers stern at speed
Evening journal., 1916-01-17

on August l4th. 1887. he took the
oath Of ONCE. The son OF as
Evening journal., 1916-01-17
A/K96anksT St- Each Enc
heeD The MRchZnS1
5Eeza~ R1ze7 zr7 The He7cSx7

fifty miles an hour. The apparatus
is the invention of Captain W. 1.
Chambers. and was first tested at the
Washington navy yard Its success
opens up new possibilities for navy
aeroplanes, as the device permits them
TO be launched without the aid Of a
platform obstructing gun fire.
When the North Carolina came into
the station at Pensacola she was given
an extraordinary kind of welcome
an escort of flying machines. AS soon
as she was sighted the hydroplanes
and flying boats were brought out on
the beach and convoy was formed
to escort the ship to port. They were
soon in the air and as she steamed
into the harbor the bird men fiuttered
about her skeleton masts doing steep
dives, graceful turns and spirals. AS
soon as the ship came to anchor the
machines returned to their hangers
Just now the aviation station is a
busy place, for everybody seems to
have the spirit of preparedness" and
is working with might and main TO
perfect everything pertaining to their
work along aviation lines. Both the
officers and enlisted men are equally
enthusiastic over the future of navy
aviation and perhaps the time Is not
far distant when Uncle Sam will rank
a with the European nations In the
y number and excellence OF his air
s craft.
: The aircraft of the navy 10 named
Z by certain system which tells one
8 at a glance the type of machine. For
e instance, ABB. stands for flying boat;
l. AK. means a combination of land and
q water machine; All. means a hydro
- aeroplane; b. stands for balloons
l. DIN. for non-rigid dirigible. The
e number following these letters indi-
Is Gates the number OF the machine OF
N its type. For example. A-H-10 means
J. that Il is the tenth hydro-aeroplans
II added to the navy's equipment. The
,e new dirigible will be marked D-N-1
D. It being the frst OF It's kind. The
ID machines used by the Marine Corps
officers are still marked In the OLD
* fashion, such as u. 8. NJ. c. Ell. whicl
* indicates that the flying boat Is th'
ne first one OF the p type.
Id An excellent start In the perfection
q. of our flying corps has been made a
III Pensacola, and II Captain Mark Bris
is toi. the chief OF the navy aeronautics
he Is allowed 10 carry out his plans groa
rs strides in the art of flying will b
Iot made during the coming year at thi
of old Southern yard.
Evening journal., 1916-01-17
ZHe Cr7nd CHEhS0f2z/
HE e52<I7

tinguished Austrian, his mother
Princess Clementine. was the daush-
ter of King Louis Philippe. He was
twenty-six years OF age, and while
possessed OF ample means he knew lit
tie Of the people he was to rule.
The regents who had been appoint
ed after Aiexander's abdication at
once resigned. Stephan stambuloff'
the most able OF the three, became the
Prime Minister at the request OF the
I Prince. This man soon became known
as the Bulgarian Bismark. and dur
ing the seven years of his incum-
bency he made Bulgarian history. In
,ernal revolutions and conspiracies
followed each other in quick success
sion and finally one night Stambulon
himself was assassinated.
wife and Children.
The Prime Minister stambuloff,
knowing the danger of the assassin's
bullet for the Prince, repeatedly urged
him TO marry and found a dynasty
Accordingly in 1893 he married the
Princess Marie Louise of Parma, q
member of the Bourbon family. Th'
father of the Princess had consented
to the marriage only on condition tina
the children of the union should b.
brought UP as Roman Catholics.
year later a son was born and receive'
the ancient name of Boris. The great
est enthusiasm prevailed over the birt
- Of the heir, and n year after the dy
nasty was further strengthened by IN
a birth Of another son, Cyril. Tw
n daughters were born later. True
n his promise, the King had Boris bar
)f tized a Catholic but shortly thereaftt
lthe little Prince was rebaptized into th
e, orthodox Greek Church. This we
OF done to please Russia, and was OF
re Of the first evidences OF Ferdinand
T. efforts to curry favor with the Lar
ut OF the Bear All Catholic Europe WI
nd furious. and the Princess actually lie
ne her royal husband for time B
ia Ferdinand had pleased the Car. III
n sultan named him Prince OF the Bu
he gars. and the Powers agreed 10 81
'st him the throne. Ever since that TN
an this ruler, to use common EXPIRE
a sion. has played both ends agar
a the middle" and has had the ey
he Of the world centered on his actio
many times. The Princess died
ice January 81, 1899, the day after I
'as birth OF her daughter, the Prince
Nadejda. -,
Nine years later Ferdinand marrl
-. prinress Elenore Of Reuss- -kostrit'
.is- an estimable lady who has maze
Evening journal., 1916-01-17
A Short Sketch Of Ger
manys' Balkan Ally.
Personality Of the King
Known As "The Fox Of
the Balkans and Of
the People He Rules.
Copyright, 1915. by The International
Syndicate.

AVER since the start OF the World
War all eyes have been centered
on the Balkan states-Greece
~ Roumania and Bulgaria, and
especially after the Turks threw their
fortunes on the side OF the Germans
and after the Allies had started. with
doubtful wisdom. their Dardanelles /
campaign. Bulgaria was, perhaps. I
OF more Importance than the other /
two because her aid 10 the Teutons /
would make the road TO CONSTANT I
nople much easier to relieve the pres
sure upon the Sultan's capital, while
the casting OF her lot with the Allies
would not only have blocked Teutonic
progress IN the Southeast. but would
have had great influence upon the
action OF the other Slav countries not
vet engaged in the struggle. So the
entrance OF Bulgaria on the side OF
the German Alliance was a master
stroke OF diplomacy on the part of the
Kaiser and his council. Although
that country. like Serbia, has for sew
eral years been in the throes OF Bit
ter and relentless wars. yet she has
been able 10 mobilize a large army
and DO effective work in opening the
pathway of communication and as
sistance all the way from Berlin to-
ward the Turkish capital.
Those who are familiar with the
history of the Balkan wars Of the last
few years, or even in times long past,
know Of the bravery and valor OF the
soldiers OF this little land and feel
that Germany has gained an ally
whose fighting qualities are unques-
toned.
Fighters From Earliest Times.
From the earliest times the Bul
garians were recognized as fighters
for according 10 Herodotus the will,
Thracian and ulyrian tribes, ances
tors OF the Bulgarians OF today, whic
inhabited the Balkan Peninsul
would be the greatest OF all nation
II they could only agree among then
selves and be ruled by one man." B,
the tribes lived as a rule in a perpe
ual feud. Their history up to the se'
enth century is shrouded in mystei
but about that time the Bulga
crossed the Danube and took posse
sion OF the territory which now bea
their name. After time they adopt
the customs and language OF {
sIavs, although the old Bulgaria
we're almost the opposite OF this RAJ
A. early as s15 they made an alta
upon Constsntinople. then a part
the Roman Empire.
purfng the ninth century certi
Boris founded the first Bulgari
monarchy and made himself lord
Evening journal., 1916-01-17

The last Congress passed an act al
Evening journal., 1916-01-17

touch with their bases by wireless
telephone.
OF course. It will be necessary to
have competent men to man the ma
chimes. and with this end I'm view an
aviation school has been opened by
the navy at the old navy yard at Pen
aacola. Florida, whore an aeronautic
station was set up about two years
.ago The first class was assembled
on July 1st, 1915, and the work OF
the men has been most gratifying TO
the Departments Another class Will
be made up during the winter, which
will consist OF eight line officers, two
marine corps officers, twenty enlisted
men OF the navy. and about eight
marines. These classes did not form
rapidlv heretofore, as no man Is
forced into the flying corps by the
Department. He must ask 10 be de-
tailed to that branch OF the service
but the request will not be granted
unless the commander-in-ch OF the
Atlantic feet considers him adapted
for such work. one Of his FIRST DUAL.
incations must be "a clean record as &C
sobriety. Uncle sam is not lookini
FOR tipplers to hy his ships Of tn
sky.
Cause OF Training.
The course OF training is TO exten
o over a. period OF nine months, an
D. every three months 10 is expected tina
A class Of both officers and men wi
IS qualify as aviators or as mechan
n clans. The instruction will be thoi
Evening journal., 1916-01-17

fine impression through her service |
with the Red Cross. Just before the
outbreak of the present war the Queen
was preparing for a visit to this coun-
try. but when the war came on she
abandoned the trip. Today she is as
sisting in Red Cross work in Bull
garia.
Shrewdness.
King Ferdinand is said to have in
herited his shrewdness from MS
mother, who taught him the game OF
politics early in life. Ambitious TO
the last degree, she practically forced
her son to accept the offer of the Bull
garians. She had been told by a for
tune teller that although she had
come into the world the daughter OF
an uncrowned king she would leave II
the mother of a crowned king and
believing this she set about teaching
him all the intricacies of diplomacy.
The Princess Clementine, however,
died one year before the prophecy
was fulfilled, as II was not until 1908
that Ferdinand was proclaimed King
OF the Bulgars. All through his reign
lhe has demonstrated that he is past
master in the art of intrigue common
Inv known as diplomacy, and has
! earned the name of "the Fox of tho
Balkans." whether the people ht
rules love him is a question; that they
, fear him is a fact, which apparentl.
satisfies him quite as we'll His coun
try is once more at war, but everyon'
r understands that his price FOR tn
G good of his people" was high.
Army.
: Military service is universal an
a compulsory. Mohammedans are eN
a empt but are compelled 10 pay a ta'
h Service in the ranks begins at the ag
II of twenty, and IS now for two year
'e in tho infantry and for three years
l. other arms. Reserve service lasts 1o
% eighteen years as an infantryman an
"a sixteen years In the other arms. TT
- reservists are called out for thr'
81 weeks training annually. After con
90 Melting his reserve service, the Bu
,s rarian passes to the Territorial Arm
m and in all serves twenty-six years. Il
"a men are we'll equipped, using u
Is Nannlicher magazine rife for the d
fantry. while the cavalry use carbin
ed of the same make The field gu
used are the Schneider IF. gun. ~
a mountain batteries are armed WI
Evening journal., 1916-01-17

master OF the country. He negotiated |
with Rome and finally became a con-
vert TO the Roman Church. Under his
rule Bulgaria prospered 10 such an ex-
tent that Gibbon in his Decline and
Fall' tells US that Bulgaria assumed
a rank among the civilized powers OF
the earth. Boris died in a convent in
907. His name still lives in the mem-
ory Of the Bulgarian people and he
ranks as the first Of their national
heroes. Later on the Russians in
vaded the country and the Bulgarians
were compelled 10 ask aid OF the
Greeks. afterwards coming under the
rule of the Grecian Empire. The
country next fell under Servian sway
and finally at the close OF the four
teenth century the Turks made thei
appearance and from that time unit
1877 Bulgaria was part OF the Sui
tan's dominion.
, Freed by Russia.
Their freedom from Turkish rul
, was brought about by the Russian II
, vasion OF the Ottoman Empire at thu
! time. While the motive OF the Ru
Evening journal., 1916-01-17

~HE airship has demonstrated ITS
prime importance during the
present European war both as
~ a fghting craft and "eye Of the
.lrf' Ratties have been won through
information obtained by the aviation
rorns and In several instances the
men flying through the air have di-
rected the line OF fire so successfully
AIS 10 rout the enemy. Battles. too,
have been lost owing 20 the lack Of
aircraft. for according TO the report
Of the Aero club OF America the
Russians lost Warsaw as much be-
cause OF their lack OF aircraft and of
competent air pilots as from the
shortness OF ammunition. AT last the
world has learned that flying is no
longer a mere pastime and that aero
planes and dirigibles are as much or
a necessary equipment in time OF war
as gun carriages and the telephone
Millions Will BE Spent.
The Government of the United
states is availing itself OF many les
sons which are being taught by the
war in Europe. and the value Of avia-
lion is one Of them. The next year
is likely 10 see some rapid advance.
ment In this science by the fiyinl
corps or both the army and navy
IL Is expected that the Navy Depart
ment will spend $4,000. 100000 OF
aeronautics during the coming year
and $4,000. 100000 within the next fiv
Years II the present plans are ap
proved. A number Of naval aircrai
stations will be established along tn
coast. all OF which will be equippe
with the most modern type OF sea
piane such as would make surpri'
attack by a foreign nation impossibl
our mon in these machines coul
sconr the air for hundreds OF mu'
,-.... t,,o ,oaet aud af an timog be