davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
TaÌˆgliches Cincinnatier volksblatt. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1885-1919, 1916-01-25

oem Gircuitri6ter bic alsibIicblih,
gntiheibung Sariiber auIteben foa.
Oh cine GtrnBe perbeiiert ooer Gin
Seitcltieg bergeltellt iperoen foa. Die
Staot.a .aommiif1rc jinb entitieocn
eegen oieie Mabregel, ipeId,e einen
3iifidritt in Der fcrtidrittIihen Gnt'
ipidcIl,ng Der StaSt bebeuten ipilroe.
Der Staot.SoIiSitor Yre,lt Spence
ipirS iid) nah ssranffort beseben, nm
geeen Die gl1ulabme bieier Bill 5iI
prottitiren.
Wfapor 2ipingiton bat fiir ben
81. ssanllar, al tpel6em Gage fiir bic
nctbIeioenbeil Ssraeliten auf Dem cl''
ropGiiben &riessifallplas @elp'
Ianmlungen porgenclnnten peroell
ioilen, Gin &ommittee ernunnt.
- Sesm YpIiseiaerid,t wurbe gelterl
sIlbert Seib, welhcr OeS 0iebltablS
anaefIagt mar, ipegen rncr0enfllte't
getranens 5u $50 0eIoitrufe oerllr'
tDeiIt. 9ie 9Ib1,,berinig Der sIntlage
apuroe erIaiIbt, nad,oem Seid} ein @e'
it1noniB aboelegt batte. 8e1en oell
SrooIer Serlnorm 9linnipeis, BON DER
GpeItnilt StraBe, ipurbe cine @orla'
oung erlalien i'm Tolioeieerid)t gu cr'
ideinen lno ole @riiilbe an5ugebeli,
luesbalb er lpegen Miftreaiitrirlnl1
ongefanfter @egenitanoe uiht telhal'
wcr6en ioll.
= R. 20. Gliifprb, ipsl6er In Der
gpuntp Sail in 4lsranbria inbaftirI
1T, mo er lpssen SdIiduns cine Jrst'
beitsitrafe perbiibt, ipurbe porseitsrn
nit 5rGulein @usuita WunoerIih in
Der Sail ssiraut. Clifford unb bic
WunberIit batten DOT mebrersn Usos
ndten bereits bic @biidt in 2erineton
Iicb trauen 5u laFen, als bic 9erbaf'
tung beg paares erfolets. Die Wurs
berli6 ipuree enilaIen, ipahreno
Gliffprb prosehirt unb Derurthsilt
nurbe. Die Weubeit elmer 5raurns
i'm @efdnsnib bsisupobnen, bate bi.
aanobepobnsr Der oortigsn G.s.nb in
NaTsn nab Der Sail gsbradt.
- Wm. Sartmann, ipsIhsr burd
16 sSabren bas @mt bes poitmeiiters
in QIeraubria betleibsts, itdrb i'm
Utter bon 73 Sabren.
= Widael Distridb BON 30. 515
SO. u. Strabs III seft.rn i'm altsr
BON So Sabren eeitprbsu. 9ietri6
battle iih 5abIreiher JreuHbe erfreut,
tpeI9e isin Sdtibsu aufri6tis be-
pauern. 9as 9eitenbesdnsnib fins
BET Sonnerftae Mprssn bonn srauers
bauis aus itatt, ipprauf um % llbr
in ter Corpus ghriiii air9e cine
fsierlids Requiem SodmeiIe eeIsbrirt
psrben pirb. Die 9eite piro auf
osm Ct. Sispbanus 5rieobrf CUR
'tpisen Ruhe beItatt.t tpsrben.
- Gbarles 81. Mep.rs, polte i.in
oreijdbriges ainb, ipel9es unter Der
Obbut isiner Don ibm eei6ieoeneu
Satin lit, fir sineu Spasiersans ins
lyreis nebmeu. Grau Wenrs tpoltt
ieood biersu ni6i ibre giutpiuisuns
s.btu, ba laut Der geridfliheu Gnts
I6eibune Wtepers Bios bic Grlaubnib
srhalteu babe, i.in ainb eiumal in Der
Wp6e su beiu6en. Gr panbte ii4 an
ous Gireuitseridt, iebof entidieS
Ri6ter 8. Dolff. bab Mesers iid bds
nit besniigen miifIe, i.in ainb einmal
in Der Wobe gu bduhen.
TaÌˆgliches Cincinnatier volksblatt. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1885-1919, 1916-01-25
NebpDrt.

Die 0.,pport Office fir bas Sin.
einnater golfsbIntt" befinSet ii& in
glo. 339 Yorf sirase, seaeniber BEN
Gonrthonie, iuoielbit Ne.isfeiten, Tn.
,eigen u. I. N. Bis nenn libr glbenbs
emteegenaenommen tperben. Sci.
South 2401.
- SeirattSideine: Sranf Cling,
81, uno slnna .Seinius, 2t, geibe
oon Butler County, g.; HaIpb ~.
2augbrep, 21, bon glfron ,lno Dir.
sinia 8. Surfaee, q. Don Gincin.
natl, s..
- Der gollntp slusaleidgingSratb
nirb cm 26. 81 urb 2S. ). @. bier
imb am 90. itn6 81. in Ileranoria
0ilnpeubrngen segen RE Steiier.lb.
idGsung entgegerHebmen.
--cm Gircuitgerift ipuroe geiiern
DON gnnaben @ontague gegerSSames
D.ontague cine SdcibungSflage elm.
eereitt. Gas Scar bot iid am /.
sliImit 1915 nerbeiratbet. 9ie Srau
beibuIbigt i'm Der @rauiamfeit.
- Srau Catherine &otb, Die Whit.
ter BEG Staot,Neforbers strtbmr
Rptb, pel9s felt 10 Sabren IN Der
Ueurtba @afbinetou SOge, Iohter
Giebecca, aIs cine Der 9eamtinnen iif)
berpdbrt bat, iplroe anIdbIib ibrcS
Sdcioens aus cem Gult DON ben Ga-
men Der 2oge nit einem elegauten
soloencn 9bseiden beiderft.
- SSsn Der 2egislatur murbe cine
TaÌˆgliches Cincinnatier volksblatt. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1885-1919, 1916-01-25
0Naibiastcn prpteftirt
Gtsen enslunbs gsbro'
hnnabes 6anbsIs.

Wafbington, .. g., "a. Jan.
G'robbritanisns @sfeb. psl4es auf
.Sanbsl nit benz SJeinbeA gs,us bat.
pirb IN irdftiger Spra&e bonn ben
Der. Giauien psriporfen. Der prD'
ten biirfis fOfort na& enslanb ssid'
Felt iperbsn.
Gas etaats |. Department briIdt
TaÌˆgliches Cincinnatier volksblatt. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1885-1919, 1916-01-25
Cine 0rais tim G@lafe
ertaDroet.
Der @aite bss @srbrs9sns
rerbG9tig.

GteubsnpiIIe. o., "a. San.
sSrau Roit giusip. 35 Sabre alt. ip'ir'
b, In Der Itbteu RaGt in ibrtr Woh'
nuna In Rnmfsp. o.. srmorSet aiif..
asfunben. Sic mar bur4 ben Ropf
ssi6oiien iporbsn. Die poIis.i fabn'
sst aui ibrsn Gatisn, gnorsip
Mrsfn.
TaÌˆgliches Cincinnatier volksblatt. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1885-1919, 1916-01-25
Gefturben am eornna ben %. Ga
Gaiper 0enhofi,

aeboren In 3eutf6Ianb, i'm aIier ton 7s Sab.
rer. Sas Gei6enbeednsnib finoei am @att'
nct, ben 2e. Snnlar nm bnIb tlbr Mtoreeus
prT Trausrbdule. To. 023 gs. 22. Strube nus
fat, pornuf INN ubr WSoreens In bet Ct.
eleauiiin'stirde etHe feierIi1e aeauienpSu1'
mefie eeIebrirt fpirb. II
TaÌˆgliches Cincinnatier volksblatt. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1885-1919, 1916-01-25

Iangten, mos ttnen fiir tpeitere Dipis
|tenben psrfiisboren llsberj@ub bon
$168, ,763.48 ergiebt.
TaÌˆgliches Cincinnatier volksblatt. [volume] (Cincinnati [Ohio]) 1885-1919, 1916-01-25
sefiOrben am montaa, ben "a. oanuar 1910
Wihael Sietrih,

oelisbter Gotie BON Srau aauru 9ietri6. aeb
gummins i'm Mlier bon % Sabren. Toe set
cbsnbeaanent flnpsi 1pnurriiae. ben 27. So'
nuar pom Irauerbalffe no. bis u. ~. Sirdbe.
aus 'inti, tppranf nm balb ubr frlb In bet
Corpus GbriinsStirbe eine fsierii6e Reonitu'
S'cGmene esIebriti neroen pirb. 8eereignne
aui 6sm gt. GtepbauuS5rtsSboi. II
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1916-02-22
WAR BULLETINS

London.-FaIIing back on 21o-miIe
front before Russian advance, Turks
are now menaced from new sources
by movement of large bodies of Brit
ish reinforcements up Tigris toward
Kut-El-Amara.
Turks are hastily evacuating all of
Armenia between Erzerum and Mush.
Russian troops are following up their
successes at town of Khinis and adj
vancing ON villages of Bash Chifdik
and Oghnat.
London.-British steamer DingIey
$50 tons, sunk with loss of several
lives. Probably only 1 survivor.
London.-Paris dispatches, official
" announcing destruction of 18th
Zeppelin since beginning of war, and
Rotterdam reports of heavy losses in
flicted on Teutons by British troops
in Flanders, aroused enthusiasm here.
Pafis.-7 German battaIions, by
most violent attack against French
front in Bots Givenchy region, car
ried more than half mile Of French
first line trenches and also second
line trenches in many places.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1916-02-22

reporters. He would say nothing fur
ther.
The council also passed an order
calling on Chief Healey and Second
Deputy Schuettler to go before the
judiciary committee to be questioned
about the 1 o'clock closing order and
id-lifting which certain aldermen de-
clare is going on, and referred to jul
dietary committee ordinance requir-
ing booze selling restaurants to close
at 1 o'clock.
Aid. Mccormick introduced order
calling on mayor to revoke licenses of
16 theaters, and that of Coliseum be-
cause they are within 200 feet of
churches.
The City Halls petticoat graft
scandal-Mrs. Eaton's charge that
Mrs. Rowe assessed her salary for the
benefit of Mayor Thompson's sister
in-law-will be aired Friday morning
before the council committe on civil
service.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1916-02-22
GRAFT CHARGE~HITS WOMAN
AID OF THOMPSON

A fresh political scandal, which
reaches directly into the mayors Of
fee, was uncovered at the meeting of
the city council yesterday afternoon.
The council ordered an investigation.
Mrs. Page Waller Eaton, supt. of So
cial surveys, alleges that she paid
Mrs. Louise Osborne Rowe, head of
public service department, more than
$500 for her job since her appoint
ment last June. Both women were
appointed by Mayor Thompson.
The civil service committee was or
dered to investigate.
Aids. Michaelson and Coughlin call
ed for the judiciary committee on
Aid. Rodriguez's order for the civil
service committee to. investigate the
tale of the alleged shakedown. But
the mayor ignored his floor leaders,
passed the order and sent it to the
civil service committee. He seemed
stunned.
Rodriguez's order charges that
Mrs. Page Waller Eaton, supt. bureau
social surveys, has been required to
turn over one-third of her $4,000
year salary to Mrs. Rowe since last
June. Payments are said to have to-
tailed $579.
Mrs. Rowe Indignantly denied ever
having received any money from Mrs.
Eaton. She blames political influences
which are being brought to bear to
abolish the department of public serv-
ice.
Mrs. Eaton told the reporters that
the only reason she had continued to
pay money to Mrs. Rowe was because
she had a number of debts she wanted
to pay.
"She told me that the money was
going to the support of the mayors
sister till he had recovered financially
from the campaign expenses" Mrs.
Eaton said, land that it was merely
q loan"
The menace. [volume] (Aurora, Mo.) 1911-1920, 1916-11-25

might happen. There was delay
after delay due to one cause and
another, principally because those
back Of the prosecution realized the
difficulty Of getting through with
what they had attempted.
Tie principal charge was because
Of certain passages which the de-
fcndant had reprinted from Romc's
theological WOrkS ia The original
Latin language. The stuff printed
was bad enough to be sure; and the
prosecutors were 50 afraid Of il that
they failed 10 q1ote II in their
charges or in the indictment they
had secured by means best known
10 themselves.
Considerably more than a year
after the indictment had been OBJ
taincd it was quashcd in open court
by order Of Judge Foster; but Rome
The menace. [volume] (Aurora, Mo.) 1911-1920, 1916-11-25

last ditch after he had 30 unqualifedly
expressed himself on n measure on which
We had expended much effort, and on
which our most ardent supporters
throughout the country are eXpending
every effort TO such an extent as TO
make the program for promotion of this
resolution not ouly al the more desir.
able for the League, but accessory as a
matter Of loyalty 10 these HAtirng Uorl-
crs.
We knew that Rome did not want the
investigation. Neither did she want any
man IN congress who would fcarlcssly
stand on the floor o the house Hnd lead
a fight, II need he, for the resolution.
We fully realized that any person too
cowardly 20 make al open declaration on
TIE cntWe platform demanded by the
constituency Of his district is a man Of
40 use Whdtcuer IN the present grdre
crtSis. Rome too, realized, II she knew
anything about McArthur's 5 pledge at all
that a silent pledge carries no conviction
and no weight. Rome realiLcd as did we,
that in many cases such pledges have
been made in an effort TO get on the
hand.Wagon without making a noise
or attracting undue notice. II is not un.
likely that Rome remembered Macarthur :
attitude toward certain forces which
were opposing the kidnapping Juvenile
Court Bill $50 pleasing to papal Con.
gresham johnson and the Roman con.
tingcnt) when that pill was on the floor
Of the house in the 64ih congress.
How many Of the people who voted for
Macarthur know that he made a pledge
10 the Council TO support the Lindbergh
Resolutioni We do not KNOW that he
did. but we were told by responsible
parties claiming Familiarity with the
Councils affairs that Macarthur had
made the pledge during the time that
efforts were Icing made 20 check our
unswerving support Of Laferty. Such
efforts, however, only served TO make our
cOuisr more steady and more careful for
We were fully aware that Il the pat pDtic
forces Of any commonwealth are going
10 allow the men who fearlessly declare
themselves on measures such as any Srue
American should be glad to champion, 20
20 down in defeat sinply because shrewd
opponents "pussy-foot 10 the back.
door snd make ION the quiet" pledges.
that the time will sorn come when a can.
didate cannot be found who will voice his
sentiments or take . fearless stand. II
the patriotic movement needs anything IL
needs fearless candidates and 70 obtain
them II must support them.
We desired to 80 the patriots Of Ore
The menace. [volume] (Aurora, Mo.) 1911-1920, 1916-11-25
WHO WAS MISLED, MENACE OR COUNCIL?
Prediction That Hierarchy Wanted Macarthur Proves CoecPapa Ticket
Appeared After Council Had Been Caught Off Guard and Had
Opposed laffery While Telling Menace Readers Through
the Local Press That We Had Been MiSIed

- lSTAKES will happen, even in
I'M spite OF all care and caution, aud
e The MENACE as well as any
kSlS other force or individual that IN.
go dertakcs 90 vigilantly push n Wig
orous movement Of any unusual proper.
tions has made its quota Of errors.
As TO the election activities 10 Port
land, Oregon, however, We wish 20 dis
lain any share in the fatal mistake
Nhich-though done in all probability
with the hest Of intents and purposes,
undoubtedly misled thousands Of patriots
Unfamiliar with the true conditions, and
.hich was nothing more or less than the
me move Rome most desired to see made
That mistake was the one that split the
patriot s vote in Portland and gave to
Macarthur a seat in congress for the next
-wo years, while il spelled defeat for
.afferty, the first man 10 defantly and
penly throw the gauntlet in the face Of
iome and the papal contingent We stood
,ccuscd Of having been mislead and had
,een warned that we were arbitrarily Civ.
,ug too much advice in the latter DAYS
Of the campaign. We we're told that
Mr.. Macarthur had quietly pledged his
,upport Of the Lindbe1gh resolution and
many other things were whispered which
indicated that Jesuitieal tricks had been
Employed TO mislead those in charge OF
md influencing the Council, by some
Orcc too subtle and cunning TO be read
ly discerned by them. We were not i'm.
pelled by motive 20 arbitrarily advise
Or TO dictate to our readers what TO 20,
- a. -
The menace. [volume] (Aurora, Mo.) 1911-1920, 1916-11-25

gon do as did the PATRIOTS Of Massachu.
sets. Congressman elect Fullcr's open
stand on scctarian appropriations and
other measures, though no stronger than
the stand Of Mr.. LafTerty, gained for him
the undivided support of Massachusetts
patriots and they spared no effort 10 in
sure his election. They triumphed as
would the patriots Of Portland had the
same answering, clear aud undivided
course, been pursued.
We know that our Oregon friends lie
sire 20 be as loyal 10 the men deserving
Of their support as the citizens of any
other commonwealth. Knowing this, w
did not undertake 10 advise our readers
to do anything more than they would
have been glad 90 DO had they been as
well Informed and in as advantageous
position to watch operations on every side
as were We, and had anything like near
approach to giving LafTerty the suppor,
to which be was entitled been Indicate,
we would not have asserted our positio,
50 strongly, but Il seems that the Council
though unfamiliar with some phases OF
the case in all probability, resented the
action Of THE MENACE when ia issue No
2ss It advised its readers TO rally 20 the
support Of l-afferty aud assist Capt
Perry In HE eXertiOns in behalf Of Laf.
ferty's election.
Those who read that article remembcr
that We warned our Portland readers thai
Lahcrty's name would probably L.
omitted from Bulletin No. S and that
IN that event, whatever the motive Of the
Council, the Macarthur machine would
have succeeded in doing Just what the
Roman Catholic hierarchy most ardentlv
wished 10 see accomplished. In the face
Of this fact, We asked our readers TO drop
their business, drop everything and make
Captain PerTy's Office their headquarters
and enlist in a militant way for the elcc
tion Of the first congressional candidate
Who dared to fling the gauntlet in the
face Of Rome, and we also stated that
0uly by thus working could the aims OF
Rome be defeated.
When this article reached Portland.
Captain Perry, VIII had offered his co.
operation in advance had already taken
steps TO comply with the request Of The
MENACE, but those who were responsible
for the fatal mistake resented in a
marked degree the desire Of THE MKS.
ACE to deliver them from their own folly.
They resented Il in fact, 20 an unjusti.
fable extent; for they further played in
'---------~------->>--~--~
The menace. [volume] (Aurora, Mo.) 1911-1920, 1916-11-25

of combating religious prejudice" I"
The world now knows how the an
nouncement Of this appropriation
was but part Of the declaration that
court proceedings had already been
brought against a certain anti-papal
publication.
Rome had gone TO the courts to
get what could not be obtained by
other means already tried. 1t was
a failure so far as TuE MENACE is
concerned and il has been a failure
so f"- as Mr. Watson is concerned.
with the exception that at the form
cr trial there were two jurors who
voted for conviction, thus making
another trial possible.
As long ago as June /, 1912, ac-
ion was brought against Mr.. Wat
'on; and the papist press was jubi-
ant in anticipation Of what it hoped
The menace. [volume] (Aurora, Mo.) 1911-1920, 1916-11-25

dlctmcnt was secured on practically
the same charges. but more clearly
specified, in the Spring Of 1911.
This time the Latin text from the
writings Of Dcus and Liguori, which
was 30 gricvous, though 1t had been
reprinted from Romc's own ap-
proved textbooks. was incorporated
IN the Indictment; and the case
went 10 trial after numerous delays
on Nov. 26, Of the same year. On
Dec. !, the case resulted in mistrial
due TO failure Of agreement Of the
jury. Ten Of the jury were for ac-
quittal and two for conviction.
This trial served 10 bring out
several facts very clearly which IN,
prosecutors we're trying to avoid OF
--->>--~~~>~---.--------->->
Continued on Page ., Column 6)
The menace. [volume] (Aurora, Mo.) 1911-1920, 1916-11-25

Americas most distinguished
lGl and most devoted patriots
will again appear in court to
defend himself against fhe persist
ent persecution Of the Romish In
QUESTION. The latest, and let Us
hope the last, trial Of Thos. +. Wat
son, on the trumpcd-up charge Of
obscenity, is set for Nov. "a.
For more than five years Romc's
ravenous wolves have pursued this
man with a hatred intensified by
repeated defeats and exposures. All
the malice Of Romc's agents and
dupes, which was concentrated upon
The MENACE less than a year ago.
is now turned against this grizzled
veteran Of Georgia, this statesman,
historian and scholar whom Rome
hates and fears more than any other
one man on earth.
At the moment a million sympa-
thetic ewes are scanning these lines
the intended victim Of Rome's rage
is quietly and gently busy, prepar-
ing to meet the renewed onslaught
Of a powerful and relentless enemy.
You men and women, who stood
gallantly by THE MENACE in its
hours Of greatest need know well
who that enemy is. You have seen
that implacable foe Of progress show
its fangs many times in recent years.
Down at the little hamlet Of
Thomson, Ca "Tom" Watson, with
the SHOWS Of sixty winters upon his
head and the fire Of invinciblc cour-
age in his heart is once more organ
izing his defense against Romish
calumny and persecution. He is
getting ready 10 fight your battle,
and to win another victory for free
dom il such a victory is possible.
We regard that victory as not
only possible, but as more than
probable. When such a sham as the
so-called Roman Catholic church
meets an honest man like Watson
in the presence Of an American jury,
bluster, unlimited wealth, and ar
rogant pride suffer a sweeping dis
count. The intellectual strength
and moral uprightncss Of the de-
fendant will count for more than n
horde Of Jesuits, skilled though
they are in the mesmeric tricks Of
the black art.
4 But you can help. You can make
The load easier for the patriot who
vow bears it all upon his tired
ulders. Give him a word Of en-
\ ngement. Drop him a line Just
/ ay that you are with him in
\ though perhaps many miles
q in person. Remind him Of
a Millions who know and feel the
value of his work. Give him the in
spiration he would feel if you were
all there. Let him sense the heart
throb of this mighty movement for
his comfort in affection and for the
Y fortifying Of his mighty spirit. You
feel like doing this. so do it that ere
al may rejoice in the rictory it riR
surely help 10 iCin.
Put yourself for a moment in
Wstson's place, and realize. as YOU
must, how he must feel. Here is
gentleman Of genuine refinement: a
scholar whose literary work COM
knends him to the best people Of
Europe as well as Of America. He
has served his state and his coun-
try with distinction and success in
the greatest legislative body Of the
world. His home life is so far above
reproach that an intimation to the
contrary would awaken the resent
ment of every neighbor and fellow
citizen. lie is clean, wholesome and
a militant warrior against vice i'm
morality and all that polute and
corrupt old and young alike-A pa
The menace. [volume] (Aurora, Mo.) 1911-1920, 1916-11-25

was too furious to
he satisfied with
this just and
proper outcome.
The indictment
machine was again
-st in motion with
be- popcs agents
FINISHING the
motive power
and a second in
The menace. [volume] (Aurora, Mo.) 1911-1920, 1916-11-25
Eminent Pubcist and Enemy Of Vice, immortality and Roman
Intrigue Who Was Indicted for Publishing Portions Of ROmes
Approved Theology in Latin Prepares to Meet Further Per-
secution on Charge of 0bsceniy
SIMILAR INDICTMENT WAS formerly QUASHED
But Rome Went Into Action and Second Indictment Was Secured Pc
ca Same Charges0ne Mst Has Been Had On Second indictment
With Ten Jurors Standing for AcqutaCahOc Federation Boosted
Was Responsible for the Prosecution

and congress both
refused to do
Rome's bidding.
the next thing was
a ffty-thousand-
dollar appropria-
tion by the
Knights Of CO.
lumbus, plus ~"
one knows how
much, for the
pretended purpos,
The menace. [volume] (Aurora, Mo.) 1911-1920, 1916-11-25

Men and Women The Menace Line and Mnnd
n promises the ennon- vitogh awM
to hneh I'VE lives ugc ard irgrEE< hH srl IA rlyygg
q
este oHreyou nanTGnt
thai 10 ulh puuIat hat
10 lni lived in ngvatg Struggled topuSve unulde
% from Roma cauucr