The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-05-24
DUBLIN SCENE
 OF MANY VERY STORMY PERIODS

Dublin is the subject of a war geog- raphy bulletin issued by the National Geographic Society from it's headquar- ters in Washington, which says:
 ''The revolt in Dublin recalls many stormy episodes in the history of the Irish capital on the shores of the Irish Sea, 334 miles northeast of London and less than 70 miles from Holyhead, the nearest English port. Even it's legendary history, going back to the third century of conflict one of the earliest being a narrative of the defeat of the people of the surrounding prov ince by the inhabitants of the town ip 291.
 "One of the most tragic events of Dublins early history is echo of this hatred of the people of the coun- try districts for those of the city. The occurrence is commenorated in Irish chronicles as the Black Monday of 1909. It was during the Easter holi- days of that year, strangely parallel ing the time of the present revolt that the Irish of the surrounding noun tains rushed down int othe valley of the 11ffey River, on whose banks Dub lin is situated, and while the inhabi- tants were celebrating the religious holiday 500 of their number were killed.
 '.The place of the massacre is still
 
 years, in order to keep alive the sense of outrage against the hill people, the citizens on each anniversary of Black Monday would march to the scene of the massacre bearing banners inscribed with the legend A terror to the native Irish.'
 f'Even in the early days the vfgor with which the people of Dublin waged their internecine strife did not lessen the impetuosity with which they entered upon any conflict with a foreign invader. They tore down their walls when preparing for the de- fense of their city against Edward Bruce, in 1315,. and when the Irish Governor, who had yielded to the enemy, fell nito the hands of the de- lenders he was brought to Dublin and starved to death.
 "One of the most spectacular out breaks of the sixteenth century was that led by Silken Thomas (Sir Thomas Fftzgera1d). a daring young nobleman who, upon hearing that his father had been beheaded in the Tower of London, raised large army and marched to the gates of Dublin, where he was admitted by the intimidated citizens. Shortly afterward, however, when he endeavored to leave the city, he found the gates locked. He made his escape, carrying with him some of
  these as hostages he managed to sez cure the release of all his followers. Subsequently this rebellion was9 ,queIled and the leaders were executed at Tyburn in 1536.
 s.It was more than 100 years after the death of Sir Thomas that a con- spiracyet seize Dublin Castle was re- veaIed by Owen GonneIly on the day before the attempt was to have been made. This was during the, rebellion of 1641, and it was ConnoIly's infor- nation which saved Dublin for the King. Cromwell, James Il and WiI- liam III in turn visited Dublin with armed forces.
 Another Fitzgerald sloomed up as a factor in Irish unrests about the time of the French reyoIItien. He was Lord Edward Fitzgerald, a leader of the United Irishmen, who had received his military training in America, serv- ing under Lord >Rawdon in the revo- lutionary war. Lord Edward was one of the most picturesque Irish leaders of the eighteenth century and his beautiful wife, the famous Pamela was an equally appealing figure in the revolution Of i798, during which Lord Edward was captured and thrown into prison. where he died of wounds re- ceived in the struggle with the officers who arrested him while in bed.
 "A greatly loved Irish-patroit and orator. Robert Emmets headed the revolution of 1898. Emmett while trying to make his escape after an abortive attempt to seize Dublin Cas- tie. was apprehended as he was say ing farewell to Judge Curran's daugh- ter, to whom he was devoted. His speech, delivered on the scaffo1d the following day, is one of the best known examples of impassioned Irish ora. tory. William Smith O'Brfen, from the south of Ireland, was the leader of took little part. The Fenian .Society's | activities of 1861.s both in Ireland and in America kept the capital city in a | turmoil for many weeks.
 Dublin Castle. which figures so conspicuously in the city's uprising. is an unimpOsing structure built origin ally during the first quarter of the thirteenth century. It covers nearly three times as much ground as the United States Capitol Building in Washington. Another building of i'm pressive size, covering five acres, is 1 now occupied by the Bank of Ireland, but was formerly used as the House of Parliamen The most famous insti- tuition of the city is Dublin University, or Trinity College, founded under charter from Queen Elizabeth in 1891,
 "Commercia1ly Dublin is famous for it's poplin, its whiskey and it's porter. At one time it's wooden, cotton andN linen manufacturers were extensive. Huguennots fled to this city and estab- lished extensive silk works after the revocation of the edict of Nantes''
 TUE DERCnRT Enn FIT