davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-01-03
LOCAL STOCKS WELL SUPPORTED; +
PENNSYLVANIA EARNINGS A FACTdt
Wonderful Change for the Better in Local Business M
dtions illustrated by Comparative Figures
of Failures in 1914 and 1915

operating revenue of all the linz. :.
a gain of we'll over seven rn,u,os 9aoT
expenses were cut more thoa out
millions, leaving an Increase q, Wc
of $5,566,254. Another road To sh income
increases in earnings was the Rnfs.wY. hns
Sus1uehanna. but the shares r.,0 aud
quiescent on Change. 'ei'ained
What a leap forward was mad. ~ !,
general condition of business ara N The
in Philadelphia during the ma az -, trada
also well illustrated by the y.,ysar L
failures compiled by r. G.. Div q Of
who report 1923 commercial failrs.e eor
this city IN 1915 with liabilities of $50 N \.
37S failures with liabilities of SIS 4oi %. were
assets of s9,326,06S. This constltntoss snt
record and the heavy reduction. asnae,l, q
in liabilities, in the year iust sn,ly
shows the remarkable turn of affsirs e"Sea !,
chiefly to the demand for our goods ,. uus
Europe. NVh
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-01-03
COPPER AT % CENTS

NEW YORK, Jan. 3.-One of the lead
ing producers of copper is now quoting
the metal at 90 cents pound and over.
Inquiries i'm the market involve enormous
amounts, with the domestic consumers
especially the wire and brass manufaC-
turers, the leaders in the buying. Foreign
business also is available in large guam
titles, taking the lead, the only drawback
to an extraordinary volume Of business
being the uncertainty as to deliveries, as
there is not sufficient copper available
for shipment in the various periods re-
quested by the purchasers, and the sit
uation has developed into the customers
taking the best that Is offered This has
resulted in inquiries, which usually. go
to but one or two producers or dealers,
being made at practically all the selling
agencies.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-01-03
COVERING BROUGHT COTTON
BACK AFTER A DECLINE
Calmer View Taken of Submarine
Developments Factor

NEW YORK, Jan. 3.-Cotton interests,
which have been bearish for some time,
/ found another excuse for pressing the
staple for sale this morning in the
torpedoing of the steamship Persia. As n
result the first tone on the cotton EN-
change this morning was barely steady.
January showing an advance of points
with other options points higher to >
points lower Spot houses were the
principal buyers of January, but sold
March and May After the call the sell
ing continued large. January falling 10
points and other months 9 to ! points.
Liverpool's advance of to points
was entirely ignored. although il had
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-01-03

GOVERNMENT BONDS
DIVIDENDS DECLARED

American Sewer PIPE Company. 30 cents
payable January to stock OF record De-
CcmbCr n.
Packayh Automobile Company. ia per cent
ana Stock diyidGn! OF 10 per cent. the
common. payable February !.
Washhurn Wire Company. regular quarterly
. per cent and u per cent. extra on the COM
mon stock, making per cent. for the 1915
calendar year.
ST Mury's Mineral Land Company. ST.
Hamilton WOOlcn Company. regular semi
annual 3 per cent. payable January l. to
stock OF record January ..
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-01-03
Sues Texas and Pacific for Payment of Promissoy Notes

f. Tron
ings that filed in Dallas Tex The decision
the and Pacific
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-01-03
More Gold and Securities from Abroad

n gold
to II. and
Nation Bank.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-01-03
Missouri Pacific Subsidiary Not to Pay Interest


of
the ssouri Pacih
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-01-03
Liverpool Cotton

LIVERPOOL. Jan AT . o. m futures
were quiet. Quotations We're: January Febru-
airy ,7.79igd;; February March, lid; March
AP5lJ I%d MaEJgne, EoYaT6, ho9d; Ju&lyiAugust IVA
were 10000 bales, including 500 bales Amer
lean.
Spot cotton today was in good demand at an
advance of points, on the basis OF s.lOd.
for mid-upland. The sales aggregated 10 900
bales. including 10000 bales American. The
market for futures closed barely steady. at
net advance OF 2l2n5 points.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-01-03
NEW YORK COFFEE MARKET

NEW YORK, Jan. .. ~ The coffee market
was a little more active this morning at the
start First prices were unchanged to 4 points
higher on buying by little broker. supposed
to be for German account Sales on tho call
cor 4 hmm
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-01-03
COTTON STATISTICS

The statistical position OF cotton is as fol.
lows
This wk. Last wk Last yr
supply ,,,,,..., 6O9O2o4 5,O53. .05s 5,o3G.7s5
lean .,,.;,.,,:.. 4,743.204 4,673.o5s 4.74I.7s5
cember ii ...,. 7I439 907 6.s5O, $40 7.Go0. ass
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-01-03
RATES FOR MONEY
BAR SILVER

NEW YORK, Jan 3.-The quotation for com
mere al bar silver today was J5Is cents. n
London. % ll-lG pence.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-01-03
NORTHWEsTERN NATIONAI
HAAEg

Philadelphia. Pa. January Ist. 1916
The Annual Election for Directors viii he
held at the Banking House on Ttlesday.
January nth, 1916, between IL A. M and
/ +. NJ. 80
LINFoRD C. NICE. cashie..
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-01-03

Bank OF Bengal Rate Raised
LONDON, Jan. 3,-The rate of discount
of the Bank of Bengal was raised from
6 10 per cent.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-01-03
ELECTION NOTICE

,r-zs57FRANKLIN NATIONAL BANK
~ Broad and Chestnut Streets,
Philadelphia, December Goth, 1873
The annual election for directors will he
held at the banking house on Tuesday, Jan
noOn and I o'clock u. m.
r. p, PASSMoRE, Cashier.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-01-03
NUN 10
Last prp

Total sales, S5G,O10. compared with SI3,-
300 last Monday.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-01-03

- INIUN NAIIUNAL HANK
- Philadelphia, Pa. Dec. H. 1919
The annual meeting Of the stockholders al
this Bank for the election Of Directors yil
he held at the banking house on Tuesday
January IL, 1916, between the hours OF i.
m. and 1 p. M
LOUIS \. sPIELBERGER. Cashier.
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-01-13
VERDICT IS GIVEN PLAINTIFF BUT VICTORY FOR DEFENDANT:
 SIMILAR CASE IS DISMISSED

A sealed verdict was returned this morning by the jury in the case of Gilbert Paulson aga 'nst Jacob John son. Paulson sued Johnson for $l6S.2S for wages and other alleged obliga- tions claimed to have been due for last seasons operations. The case was given to the jury late yesterday afternoon and the verdict which was reached last night. was read this morning. Paulson was given S42.65. which was practically board alleged to be due. the jury not taking into cons iteration. evidently, the other claims.
 Following the verdict. the next case. Carl Johnson against Jacob Johnson was called but attorneys asked for a short time for consultation which was granted by Judge Jennings. The case was somewhat similar to that of Paul son vs. Johnson. When court recon vened, a motion was made to dismiss the case. which came up on appeal from the commissioners court at Pet ersburg Judge Jennings granted the motion after being informed that the case had been amicably settled out side court. The plaintiffs in both cases were represented by Gunnison & Robertson and the defendant. the same in both cases, was represented by +. l.. Faulkner and George Iry- ing.
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-01-13
s < * < s' < < 2 = * < 's < l
Personal Mention

Q q. 4 q. q. 1. .s z. .. <. :. :. I. + :. 4 '
 Martin Conway. United States com missioner and newly appointed post master at Skagway, left for the north on the Jefferson late yesterday after noon. During his stay in Juneau Mir. Conway was a guest at the oceident- al Hotel
 E. s. Hewitt, local representative of the l.. s. Smith Typewriter Com pany. was q passenger to Skagway on the Jefferson last night.
 B. A. Rosselle, of Goldstein's Elm porlum. left for Seattle this morning on the Princess May.
 Skagway Alaskan Mrs. Alma Ma gee spent Christmas with her cousin, Mrs. Clyde Dunlap of Seattle, and will so to Portland, Oregon, for the New Year, the guest of another cous- in, Miss Irma bowman.
 l.. B. Badger. who has been in Doug las several months. left on the Prin- cess May this morning for the states.
 O. R. Hart, Fl. l.. Morris, and Jack Kissel. reported to have returned on the Jefferson yesterday from Seattle, stopped over n Southern Alaska cit ies, but are expected to arrive on one of the first boats.
 Dr. Robert Simpson. the optomet- rist. who had expected to leave Tues day for .Sitka. will not leave until next week.
 R. W. Smith, assistant engineer of the Pacific Coast Company, accom- panied by his wife, will go to Ketchi- kan tonight on the steamer Jeffer- son. Mir. Smith has been in Juneau several weeks inspecting the local dock of the company.
 Mrs. V. A. Paine. wife of local qttorney goes south tonight on the Jefferson.
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-01-13
COURT CALENDAR AGAIN
 CHANGED IN ORDER THAT
 CASES MAY MOVE QUICKLY

At two o'clock this afternoon. Judge Jennings after consulting with the various attorneys representing the cases on the calendar, rearranged the docket in order that there be as little delay as possible hereafter.
 Tomorrow morning at 10 o'clocf the jury will be drawn in the case of the Pacific Coast Company against J. R. Stevenson. This case is regard ing possession of certain property on lower Franklin street. Shackleford & Bayless represent the plaintiff and Pustgard and Maltby represent the defendant. Attorney Bayless stated that he had just returned from trip fsouth and as Mir. Shacldeford leaves for the south tonight he consented to the drawing of the jury. but if need be. to ask for a continuance until tomorrow afternoon in order to sum- mon witnesses.
 Monday morning the case of J. J McTague. Wrangell Meat co. against Iohn Sales will be called. This case 8 for supplies furnished. Gunnison < Robertson represent McTague and Shackleford & Bayless will look after the interests of Mir. Sales.
 The third case will be that of V. A. Paine against the City of Juneau This will follow the McTague vs. Sales trial. Attorneys Co5b and Hell .lenthal represent the parties interest ed. The fourth case to come up will be The Alaska Supply Co.,, vs. Green. The attorneys are Shackleford and Robertson and Mir Cheney.
 By consent of counsel on both sides the Hadland vs. Field case was placed ta the end of tn calendar. It was also announced by counsel for both sIdes that the case of M1alovich vs. the Alaska Juneau Gold Mining Com pany will be settled without trial.
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-01-13
ISLAND NEWS NOTES

DOUGLAS. Jan. 1S. - Mrs. James Allen. wife of the forester stationed at Petersburg. has booked passage to Ketchikan. on the Jefferson.
 Ed. Dunn. one of the pioneers of the community. has booked passage on the Jefferson for Wrangell
 George Howard, Kittle Howard. Jas. Nook and Annie Nook have en- gagged passage on the Jefferson for Wrangell.
 William Roher. a local carpenter, will leave on the Jefferson for Colum- biana. Indiana. and other points in the States. He will spend abouOthree months on this trip, and will visit h's old home In Indiana before re- turning.
 About fifteen ladies. members of the Thimble Club. met at the home of Mrs. John Hensen. last evening. and spent very pleasant and social hour.
 The semester examinations, for the first half of the school year, began in the Douglas schools today. and will continue Thursday and Friday. The result of the work for the first sem ester Is said to be very good. the children having. generally made rapid progress In their studies
 The men of Douglas are thanking their lucky stars. and for once, are considering themselves the wards of a generous Providence. The Eagles are preparing to give Leap Year ball Saturday night. and the ladies will be charged adm 'sslon. while Will lie and Johnnie and the rest of us male creatures will be passed in free The ladies. of course. will be expect ed 10 provide themselves with escorts and to ask the boys to dance
 The Douglas Island ladies' bowling championship has been settled. The Issue was decided last night by two lad'es teams headed by captains C.. E. Bennett and H. F. Chambers ot Treadwell. Amid great excitement Captain Bennett led hisAmazons to victory by score of 1865 to 1459. The personnel of the victorious team was as follows: Bennett, Mrs. J. Man ming. Miss J. Kess. Mrs. L. D. Multi gan. Those who composed the op- posing team were. r. E. Chambers. Miss Maud Lilliestrand. Mrs R. D. Coughlin. Mrs. II. Schuman and Miss Ruby Johnson.
 The Treadwell firemen will meet at the Firemen's Hall tomorrow night at 7:SO o'clock. There will be the usual four reels of moving pictures after the business Of the meeting Is finished.
 The Treadwell boxing class will meet at the Club tonight It is stat ed that all those who wish to jon or participate in the exercises are well come to do so.
 The floor ot the Douglas Natatorium will probably be marked off for the tennis games to begin there Monday between the Treadwell players
 Dan Paul and Floyd Atwood. both Of whom are employed at Treadwell. will leave on the Jefferson for the south.
 Geo Zenicl1 and Eli Knezick. Tread well employees. went below on the Alameda, her last trip south.
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-01-13
TELEeRAPHic BRIEFS CUT
 FROM THE LATE NEWSPAPERS

Thomas J. German. the kell known Alaskan salmon broker, who came North on the Jefferson to Ketchikan. was 56 years of age last Saturday.
 Adv'ces received at Washington tate entire satisfaction will be given over the torpedoeing of the Persia.
 Former Governor Walter Eli Clark. of Alaska. passed his filth mile post on Jan. 7th.
 The general report of the Chamber of Commerce of the United States in Ines annual statement says prosper ty for entire America is certain dur ing the year. Statistics are tabulated 'etting forth the reasons for this pro- phesy
 An official report from Washington avs the entire country is or has been Tn the deadly grip of influenza. The health bureau says that on Jenuary 3 there were hundreds of thousands of cases
 The Coliseum. Seattle's new photo play house was opened last Sunday.
 Horace W. Kirby. U. S. Signal Corps man stationed at Cordova took out marriage license in Seattle last week md was welded to Mabel Lenore Henrich.
 Gen. Grenville Dodge. distinguished 'oldier and railroad builder, died at his home. Tn Council Bluffs, Iowa, on Ian. 4.
 The funeral of Associate Justice Joseph Lamar. was held at Augusta, Georgia, Jan. 5.
 Alton B. Parker, Democratic candi- late for president in 1904. was one of he first to urge President Wilson to 'ppoint Taft to the position on the Supreme Bench. the vacancy being 'aused by the death of Justice Lamar
 The senate has confirmed the nom- nation of William E. Root as Post. master at Seward
 James C. Ford president of the Pacific Coast Steamship company, and >ther large corporations. was 55 years )ld on January l.
 Cable adyices to New York state hat over half the students accomp- 'nying the Ford Peace commission left the organization at Copenhagen md returned to America. Eml Hur "a. student of the University of Wash ugton. at Seattle. and former Fair oanks newspaperman having contin- ted with the party.
 Governor Hiram W. Johnson has 'alled the California legislature in a -Decial session to straighten out Q pr,- nary law tangle.
 Lynchings in the United States in '915 numbered 60 which was seven 'een more than in 1914 Georgia led he states with eighteen lynchings, Mississippi being second with nine.
 The Palace of Fine Arts at the Pa 7ama-Pacifc Exposition grounds have Aeen reopened for four months per 'od.
 The last bottle of champagne in Olympia. Washington. was broken bv State Senator Carlyon on the pilot of hes first train leaving that city over he Oregon-Waehington Railroad & Navigation company. connecting Olym- pia with the main line.
 California had one of the heaviest snow falls January l, recorded in 2 years.
 Seattle soft drink places remain open twenty-four hours affordlng the lounger a resting place day and night Teaching of the German language in the schools of Nebraska has met with such opposition that the question must be taken to the supreme court for settlement
 -e-.-e
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-01-13
STOCK QUOTATIONS

The last available stock quotations at New York were received in the mall yesterday. They are those of Saturday. and were taken from the Seattle Post-Intelligencer. On that date Alaska Gold closed at 25ls, Chino at 55, Ray at 25 F, and Utah Copper at S01k.
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-01-13
SURPRISE PARTY

DOUGLAS. Jan. 1S.-Friends of Mrs II. D. Macleod descended upon her home Tuesday, evening. the occasion being her birthday anniversary. Cards were played and musical selections rendered by the guests. A dainty lun- cheon was served
 Those present included Mrs. Dave Landsburg, Mir. and Mrs. Humphrey, Mir. and Mrs. Alec Russel, Mrs. Dave Housel, Miss Gene Russel, Mir. Ed. Harris. Miss Boyle. Miss Malloy Miss De Clark. Mrs. p. D. Mckenzie.
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-01-13
JEFFERSON SOUTH TONIGHT

Steamer Jefferson will arrive at Juneau tonight at z o'clock and will -aI south shortly after eight o'clock. The bookings for the Jefferson late this afternoon Included. B. M. Beh' rends, l.. P. Shackleord. v-''e ch'''-"-
 nd maid. Mrs. V. A. Paine, J. B. Pntar. Antone Pieuolla. Mrs A. r.. Thane and E Fundaler for Seattle; R. W. Smith and wife and J. Newman and wife for Ret -hikan
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-01-13
, ,+4++44+s444*+44 :.
MARINE NOTES
' ( ' | . ' F ! ++ ! < ;.

The Redondo and Latouche. freigh. CTS, are due in the Channel today, from the South.
 The Jefferson is due tonight some time. on her way South.
 The Admiral Evans is due from Seattle tomorrow morning.
 The Princess May sailed south this morning.
 The Northwestern is due tomorrow morning. on her way West.
 The Al-Ki leaves Seattle Monday.
 The Despatch is due with largo cargo from the South.
 The Senator is due from Seattle. The Humboldt is at San Francisco. The Georgia is due back from St ka Saturday.
 The Adm'ra Watson resumes the Alaska run late in February.
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-01-13
LERoux ls RouNn ovER

John Leroux, arrested for the rob- bery of the Merchants' Cafe two days lgo, was given a preliminary hearing before U. S. Commissioner Marsall and bound over to the grand jury bail being fixed at S2.OOO Attorney Tucker represented Leroux.
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-01-13

For the benefit Of those living in Douglas and TreadwelI, Alice N. Jor- dlson. teacher of mandolin, guitar and banjo, can be found at the Treadwell Club Tuesdays and Fridays, inelud- ing evenings. Wed-Thurs-Fri.
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-01-13
ALrARIrEs TO ELECT

Officers for the ensuing year will be elected by the Ladies' Altar so- ciety of the Catholic Church, at the annual business meeting Friday af- ternoon at 2 o'clock, at the paroch.al residence.
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-01-13
OR. cHAs. o. GARTER.

Modern dentistry in all branches specializing In plate work, using the method of pr. Saml c. Supplee. oi New York. Plates made by thls meth od will give absolute satisfaction - phone 8. 1l-22-ti
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-01-13

Mrs. A. F. Thane leaves tonight on the Jefferson for San Francisco after a visit here.
 B. NJ. Behrends will leave on the Jefferson tonight for a business trip to Seattle.
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-01-13
ORPHEUM THEATRE
 DOUGLAS

Thursday and Friday Jan. ts and 14. First show, 7:30; second. S:45.
 Admission 10 and 9 cents.
 "War Stricken Louvain." showing actual battle scenes.
 "The Gangs New Member" a Bio graph drama.
 "The Spirit of the Violin" q two act Selig drama
 "Cabman Kate" by the vitagraph Co.,. Kate Price and Edward Elkas, In bunch of laughs.
 Sunday matinee at 9 D. m. admls. sion and 15 cents.
 Coming Juggernaut. .e'
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-01-13
APARTMENTS LEASED

Mir. and Mrs. James Hogan have leased the -Seaview apartments to Nick Gehok.s for period of ten years and Gehokis took possession of the apartments today.
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-01-13
CASE DISMISSED

A suit entitled H. L. Faulkner, as- signee. ys. P. D. Mckenzie and G. Samples, in the Commissioners court, has been dismissed.
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-01-13
PIANO FOR SALE

chickering plano for sale cheap. Alp. ply c. GundIach, near Juneau Da'ry. on l2th st. 1.13.St.
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-01-13

FOR RENT-Unfurn.shed five-room house. Call office of Jaeger & Eric. son, Seward BIdg.. 1.13.tf.
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-01-13

FOR RENT Small room suitable for lady. $500 month. With or with out board. Phone s25s 1-122t-
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-01-13

You saw t arst in The EmpIre.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-13

The exhc' figures for the year ended
Air!l 80. 1916. sloH mat l3os OF these
mop meetings were held and l@>,lsj
Ne. attended them
In tu" bret time available AZ these
Don gatherings there has !.ot been -
htuce To- Go NOR, than get IN touch.
N.th tie WORKERS But the West side
branch now purposes 20 follow w IT.
tppea.s to men 30 1--we rightly with big
assess la Wr.Ch %" men Will be shown
.oN - better themselves. The re
ir us aupca, ,on,s ,rs,. but the other
bases of Y. NJ c. \. work are 20 follow
witty.
As fas; as practicable groups OF these
men VIII I've formed FOR social AMI recIe-
ltiy" purposes and regular classes 30
sivc them desired schooling Of all sorts
viii bc formed. The Y NJ & A. Is
prepared to teach them anything they
want 20 know. Il offers. for example,
instruction In such unusual spccialties 80
rec surgery and lead burning, and in
both those particular ines OF technical
fnowlel-c IL guarantees Jobs.
II has available teachers Of all the
'nmlliar trades OF course. as well rs
he unfamiliar occupatiors. And aside
rom matters OF schooling. II figures that
+, can help these men a lot IN developing
beautiful social Ne ara in getting
ecrea,ion, whether that recreation takes
'he form Of good books 81 %gymnisti'
hills. outdoor work or sports OF any
Kind.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-13
Y. M. G. A. WILL AID
$4,000 WORKERS
West Branch Plans Huge En-
pansiOn Of Activities Among
Factory Employees.
CLASSES TO BE FORMED

The West side Young Mems Christian
Association, which celebrated this week
its twentieth anniversary. has decided
to extend its work by carrying social
life, recreation and educational oppor-
%tunitics into offices and factories all over
Manhattan and The Bronx. Tile decision
means "A determined effort to better the
material fortunes Of more han 10000
w~orkingmen. to reach whom the West
Sldc y. NJ. &. A.. has gone out OF It's
way IN the last twelve months.
These men are employed N all sorts
Of Industries. They are men not easily
reached by the churches. and the West
side Y. VI. &. As decision will there
fore give a great deal Of satisfaction to
th, ffty churches which are cooper atins
with the association in every way pos
s.blc.
lucse churches are situated all the
way from in,rty-sccunu a.tcct to lSlSt
street. lac ives, side D.anc" district
IL properly comprised Ia tnc westerly
half ut Manhattan between IOTty-=e,oI
ana llOin streets. uut tue Drdncn iuus
extended its WOIk fiuiu tlc ia .tci!
30 -i2d street. for The reason tnat o.icf
Orducues Of the \. NJ. G. y. DID not ma
themselves able to cover tncir own ieids
iuIly.