davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-09-10

was a repetition of the first. Walls
of white water hurled back from one
frowning rock wall toward the other
side of the canyon threatened score
of times to ingulf the boats. After
making five miles down the stream, es-
Gaping dangers that would have over
whelmed men of less nerve and daring.
but escaping them by the merest hairs
breadth. the party came to barrier.
A gigantic whirlpool that filled the
bed of the river from cliff to cliff with
q heaving, swirling, frothing. seething
mass Of turbulent water interposed to
bar the progress of the explorers.
Mighty powders lifted black fangs
above the surface of the whirlpool and
showed that even II the boats. could
live in the water they would be
smashed like eggshells against the
rocks.
Kolb. describing the trip. said:
The whirlpool we encountered was
impossible, invuinerable. The water
took US up like pigmies in the fiail-like
arms Of giant. The boats were
thrown, back time after time as we
tried to ind way along the sides Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-09-10

portals of the Black canyon. Stearn
and Stone slept for twenty-four hours
after their climb up the canyon walls.
The party. returning to Denver, at
once began preparations for another
attempt to explore the uncharted
stretch of the Black canyon. The sec
ond effort. according to Kolb. is to be
made soon. New and stronger equip
ment Is being obtained. with a rubber
mattress that may be inflated with air,
to replace the life raft used in the first
attempt, and Kolb expects the second
trial to be successful officials of the
United States reclamation service who
know something about the Gunnison
river and its canyons. however, do not
believe human beings can traverse it
alive, no matter how well equipped.
The river has been tapped to supply
water for irrigation purposes to ranches
in the Uncompahgre valley Of Colorado.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-09-10

flight at dawn on the next day, and so
continue until it reaches the destina-
ton or dies.
In Washington there are several
homing pigeons which have flown to
their lofts from points far in the west.
one having been recorded as having
come from Butte. Mont. Two weeks
ago two pigeons returned to their
lofts after having flown from New
Orleans, having been Jumped" from
a fight from Gainesville. Ga, southerly
direction, to the longer distance fly.
In sending n message it is either
tied to the pigeons leg or placed in
The holders do not weigh much more
than the little aluminium band by which
the pigeon is registered and placed on
it's leg when five days old. cipher
message can be written on tissue paper
and placed in the carrier.
Cyrus F. Wicker. secretary of the
United States legation at Nicaragua,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-09-10

of cement and masonry, through which
railroad trains would slope down into
the tunnel. which would continue to
France A few cannon shots could
destroy the bridge in case of French
invasion.
So, there we have both bridge and
tunnel
England no longer fears a French
invasion-"20,000p picked French troops
disguised as tourists" On the con-
trary. it was Germany, in the heyday
of her early war successes, which pro-
posed, by her engineers, generals and
editors. to pierce the tunnel with
forced French and British labor" and
set up strong German military posts
at each end. as a guarantee" once her
conquest of the French and English
Goa SITS should become definitive.
That settled it for the British war
Office.
Lord Kitchener, Lord Roberts and
Marshal French saw light. as did Paul
on the road to Damascus. Immediately
they put themselves on record as ia
vorable to the tunnel-without Ger
mans.
What precious services would not
the tunnel have rendered to British
troops in north France at the breaking
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-09-10

In running the levels for the neces-
sary surveys the reclamation service
engineers We're suspended at the ends
of ropes over the sides of the canyons,
one engineer being let down in this
manner more than 500 feet, while the
engineers frequently worked at the
end of ropes 200 or 300 feet long. there
being no other way in which they
might get to the spots where the work
had to be done. In one place a detour
of 1870 miles across the mountains had
to be made to get from a certain spot
to another location twelve miles away
in a straight line.
The tunnel that takes the water from
the Gunnison river to the Uncompa hgre
valley is nearly six miles long, and is
driven under a mountain more than
5000 feet high. When completed the
work will furnish sufficient water to
irrigate 10000 acres.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-09-10
English Channel Tube to Connect Dover and Cal

cables come from France Some. they
say. perhaps. even from America.
% now for the tube!
Imagine a high bridge of continuous
smooth Joined tubes across the channel
high up, not to impede maritime traf-
fic They are two great tubes. about
one yard in diameter. for passage
through them In each direction. They
are suspended from pillars like light
houses. alternating red and green
lights by night and fog. and. so, a
guide and aid to navigation rather than
a hindrance.
The laying of the pillars and the sus-
pension of the tubes belong to moe g
of engineering and construction alrea.y
perfected by long practice. The discov-
ery Of a route of "Rouen chalk" bot
tom practically all the way across the
channel is considered to be a decisive
advantage Modern suspension bridg-
ings will permit pillars 1000 yards
apart This means some eighteen pill
lars in depths varying from forty to
forty-five yards: two in fifty yards, and
the remainder in depths between fifteen
and thirty yards. down to ten yards
close to the coasts Of France and Eng
land.
Now for the pneumatic surprise.
We know practically nothing except
the word pneumatic" 1t increases the
interest
Imagine that the two great tubes have
been suspended. Later they may be
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-09-10

how much freight the tunnel can car
ry. In a day of twenty hours, from
100 to 40 trains can pass, in each direc-
ton. carrying 800 tons per train. This
represents between $4,000 and $1,000
tons of freight per day, in each direc-
ton.
But by tube the business man or
moving picture star can swoop across
in twenty minutes. and
This. l think, is the grandest part of
the great story.
We hear talk about the tube, but
nothing of it. practically. gets into the
papers. Is it the censor? Is it the
BunauVarilla bridge, brought up to
date? 1t is not said SO. Doubtless, the
Bunau-Varilla cement, masonry and
steel piles, to carry the tube bridge
across the channel over the route dis
covered by Bunau-Varilla as having a
bottom almost entirely of "Kouen chalk
completely favorable to the sustaining
OF bridge piles. remain free to any en-
gineer who chooses to utilize them.
Also rumor connects the tubular
end of the story with an English syn
dictate composed very much of great
names Birmingham way. We may judge
that many of the tubes will come from
Birmingham. Half the suspension steel
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-09-10

to them even though moved from the
original location.
One might suppose the terrific noise
of the exploding shells and other
death-dealing articles of warfare would
cause the pigeons to fly away in fright.
but according to accounts they do not
seem to mind the noise. When released
they Immediately ascend to a height of
between 500 or 500 feet. and after
circling about several times to get
their bearings start homeward at a
speed of from 1900 to 1000 yards
minute on the short-dstance flights.
Although a pigeon of this sort has an
exceptionally clear sight, 1T is rather
the wisdom of the bird which leads 1t.
after arriving at the spot where its
home and been. to circle in an ever
widening radius until the familiar roof
Of the van is seen and then to fly to
the loft.
There are at the present time $4,000
homing pigeons employed by the allied
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-09-10

the malestrom. We did not dare to try to
pass directly down the river; the
powders In the churning water would
have smashed us in an instant, and no
swimmer could hope to get out of that
place in the semblance of a human
being. Again and again we tried to
came and weS gave up and tried to
sleep. The roar of the water. how
ever. prevented even this. During the
night some cross-eddy tore the boats
loose from their mornings and they
were smashed to splinters in the whirl-
pool.
The next day we had to find a way
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-09-10

to get out of the canyon. 1t was i'm
possible to go back as we had come.
and we could not go further down the
river. So we had to find a way to
climb the walls of the canyon. At
last we succeeded. making the climb of
$500 feet over slippery rock walls wet
with the river mists, up narrow crew
ices and along places where even a
mountain goat might have become
dizzy. But after an all-day climb we
reached the top. with no food, no
equipment, nothing but the clothes
we wore"
The party remained for a few days
al Cimmaron, Col, in the mountains a
few railes down the river from the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-09-10
The Road to Fame.

NW LILLIAN DEAN HOWELLS was
w talking at his cottage at Kit
terry Point. Maine. about a writer who,
after good beginning. had degenerated
into producer of trash.
I suppose" said Mr. Howells, "he got
discouraged with the moderate sale of
ms good work. and now hopes to sell his
poor work abundantly."
Mr.. Howells shook his head and smiled
grimly
The road to fame" he said, 'is
crowded with men who. discouraged. are
hurrying back
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-09-10

four. for increased traffic. They are ono
yard in diameter.
People will have to cross inside that
tube of one-yard diameter. How? In
cars, of course. But who can stand up
in a car which is not one yard high?
The passengers must sprawl. They
will lie on luxurious cushions, during
the entire trip of twenty minutes.
The motive power Will be pneumatic
by compressed or liqurtied air Ia Paris
pneumatic" when taken in connection
with tube" is popularity imagined to
have analogy with the pneumatic tubes
by which the quick delivery Of specially
stamped letters is secured throughout
the capital inside close-fitting little
cartridges Of cylindrical form driven at
great speed by compressed air in q
partial vacuum.
The mistake is natural
The little cars of the channel tube
are cylindrical in form. but they Will
not fill the tube as a prcjectlle fills
gun barrel. and Ahey will not be driven
against vacuum.
On the other hand a startling innova-
ton in this sense is described. The
tube being tube. and the trains paas-
ing through it with extreme rapidity.
the entire mass of air in the tube can
be kept moving in the same direction
as the train with notable advantage.
BY what system of powerful air tur-
bines this is to be done and at what
speed is detailed in the story.
There Is talk. simply. of a mono-rail
and condensing power plants at Calais
and Dover.
Will it pay? Why not?
Its public will be financiers. big bust
ness men. members of parliament.
kings messengers. the stock exchange
world, money brokers. theatrical stars
and first nighters. MILFORD and boule-
vardiers, racing men and jockeys. rich
women and dressmakers. moving pic
ture managers. society people with q
date for dinner, pleaSure-seekers start
ing on an impulse-in a word, the great,
rich rush between Paris and London. to
whom time is money and ease and dis
tinction more than money.
OF course, the passage will cost rather
dear.
Who cares? ......
AS well ask. will the channel tunnel
pay?
What is $4,000. 900 for a tubeo What
Is s80,000.000 for a tunnel? England.
at this moment, is spending $50, 000, 900
per day on war, and France $40, 000, 900
per day. Two days war expenses Of
the two rich countries will dig the tun-
mel and suspend the tube and furnish
both with rolling stock besides.
So. guess If it will pay, to cinch the
war, when it is over.
STERLING HELLO.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-09-10

tablshed in these lofts and trained for
work in Mexico. Already many birds
have been sent to the border and others
are on the way there, and it is stated
some of them are now under training
for short flights.
A number of racing pigeon fanciers
in Washington. together with others in
various parts of the United States, vol
unteered their services to go to the
Mexican border and train the birds for
the army. This service, however, was
not accepted and now the soldiers in
the Signal Corps are doing this work.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-09-10

PARIS August 80. 1916.
>nE1 HOSE too timid to go by
W tunnel will go by tube!''
Ill Such is the talk in Paris
and London.
The tunnel will require ten years
to excavate The tube from Dover to
Calais ban be run up in four wears. at a
cost not above 100000. and it will be
earning dividends six years before the
tunnel Is ready for business"
Nothing could show better the i'm
r,inence of the tunnel itself than this
sudden story of the tube.
Any one who before the war had pro-
posed a high bridge of metallic tubes
across the English channel for the
pneumatic conveyance of mails, par
cells and persons would have been
laughed at as visionary.
Yes. tube in the air, across the
channel. All objections are answered
by catchword: And the Brooklyn
bridge, does it blow down? Does the
Brooklyn bridge impede navigation"
That maritime Britain should not
only permit but propose and welcome
the cluttering up of the crowded chan
mel by high tube bridge will show
huw much the views of people have
been changed by the war. The tunnel
being accepted, a cheaper, quicker and
competing line comes naturally.
We are getting a glimpse of tomor-
row.
England is to cease to be an island.
At the recent economic conference
of the allies the channel tunnel was
the project most enthusiastically and
unanimously agreed on. although 1t had
not been on the official program. Even
the Italian representatives urged 1t.
foreseeing it's favorable influence on
italian commerce, railway traffic and
the route to India.
The French. of course. have always
been willing, There has been French
company. law and governmental con-
cession since 1875. and 100000 francs
of actual digging was done Cat San
gatte) up to 1880. under the direction
of the eminent engineers, Ludovic
Ereton (brother of the PANT. Jules
Breton) and Albert Sartiaux,. chief tech
nician Of the Nord Railroad Company.
In England, only yesterday. house
of commons committee. composed of
sixty liberals. sixty conservatives. ff-
teen nationalists and five labor mem
bers. agreed on motion which will
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-09-10

armies in France, according to infor-
nation received from French cap
tain in the English French interpreter
service. Special soldiers are detailed
to attend to the pigeons. and a new
branch of both the army and navy
the pigeon service. has been created.
With the possible exception of Japan,
homing pigeons are employed. to a
greater or less extent by every nation
engaged in the great struggle. and from
what brief Information the censor per-
mits to get through, the birds are doing
excellent service. They are not only
used for transmitting messages from
trenches, but they have taken pictures
in tiny cameras; they have flown from
ships at sea: they go up regularly in
aeroplanes. an observer taking them
In a hamper beside him and releasing
them as occasion demands, each with
its message, and although the plane
may be subsequently shot down or
drop within the lines of the enemy and
be captured, the report has gone back
to headquarters quicker than the avn
ator himself could have carried 1t.
NJ
A young pigeon. IL properly trained.
will fly from 40 to $50 miles to its
home An older bird will fly up to 500
or 500 miles in single day. between
daylight and dark. They do not fly by
night, but good bird will. without
stopping for food or water. resume
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-09-10

out of the war; explain, respectively,
Arthur Fell, president of the British
parliamentary committee, at the tun-
mel banquet in the house of COM
mons restaurant, and Chief Engineers
Moutier and Sartiaux of the French
Nord Line at the annual banquet of the
And what services will 1t snot render,
after the war. to the expansion of the
allies commerce and the political Sc
curity of Europe"
The tunnel. therefore. practically ex-
lists.
It's length, as traced in modern plans,
seems to be some thirty miles, but not
all under water. (The bee-line dis
lance from Calais to Dover is only
twenty mileS.)
The tunnels cost is estimated at $780,
600, 900 to $100,O00,O00. or something like
$2,5O0,OO per mile. The piercing Of the
Simplon tunnel cost 81 800, 900 per mile;
that of the Paris railway tunnel be-
tween the Austerlitz and Orsay depots
$1,65O,OOO per mile, and the Paris sub
way between 100000 and sGJo.0oo per
mile.
AS to its financial success. it has
never been doubted that railroad tun-
HCl ulllluS tHc Two TlCueSI COuhtA lCS
and capitals of Europe would pay
handsome dividends.
Even before the war, when none of
the present motives of the allies ex-
listed, and when France and Italy were
under German domination. it was rec
ognized that tunnel would, at least.
double the passenger travel alone be-
tween Paris and London. At that mo-
meut (1913) the passenger travel be-
tween France and England was an
nually only 100000 persons. against
100000 between France and Belgium
Holland and 100000 between France
and Germany. The freight was in a
greater disproportion. enormously IA
vorable to Germany. Even then, it was
a commonplace that the discomforts.
seasickness. delays and expenses of
the maritime crossing (two tranship-
ments, train boat-train) were entirely
responsible for the poor showing.
And now that France, Italy and Eng
land propose to reduce. not only their
passenger travel, but their industrial
and commercial traffic to and from
Germany rather materially after the
war, the calculated profits of the tun-
mel run up so high that Immediately
tube bridge.
able to go and return between Paris
and London by direct trains in the
same day. and yet have sufficient time
to close deal.
Albert Sartiaux has been calculating
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-09-10

who became interested in the work of
homing pigeons as messengers in the
European war last spring. established
a loft at his home In Burlington, VT.
as a demonstration to United States
do In delivering messages. Recently
Mr.. Wicker trained his pigeons toward
the training camp at Plattsburg. N. Y.
forty miles away, with the broad
water jump of Lake Champlain be-
tween, and the pigeons beat the tcle-
graph, which has to be- relayed twice
between the two points. Thus, as need.
the training camp at Plattsburg can
be kept In touch with the United States
cavalry post at Fort Ethan Allen. in
Burlington, and that without the use
Of wireless, telephones or telegraph. as
might be the case under actual war
conditions.
Several months ago the advisabiltty of
establishing pigeon lofts was urged
upon the Signal Corps Of the army. and
information as to the valuable work Of
the winged messengers in the European
war was furnished. which resulted in
an order for the erection Of the lofts.
The officers Of the American Racing
Pigeon Union, the largest organization
of its kind in this country, were COM
municated with. and in conjunction
with Mr.. Wicker offered the army OFF,
GERS young pigeons which could be es-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-09-10

which the Rothschilds and the Nord
Railroad Company were interested. In
$780, the Southeastern Railway Com
pany of England came to an under
standing with them and undertook to
get a bill through parliament. Sue
cess was in sight In 1886 a protocol
was actually signed by France and
England. Then Lord Wolseley killed
the project with word:
"A tunnel road from France to Eng
land" said Lord Wolseley. would put
England at the mercy Of French In
vasion. But 1 would have no objection
to a bridge"
So. do not deem a bridge crazy.
Lord Wellesley liked it, and a world
famous French engineer, well known in
America refer to NJ. Philippe Bunau-
withdrawing hint from Lord
Wolseley, devised his mixed passage"
half bridge. half tunnel. In the Bunau-
Varilia project the bridge would run
some miles out into the channel from
Dover to- species of artificial island
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-09-10

Imagine that the two great tubes have
been suspended. Later they may be
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-09-10
Special Correspondence of The Star.

PARIS August 80, 1916.
>nE1 HOSE too timid to go by
W tunnel will go by tube.''
Such is the talk in Paris
|. and London
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1916-06-02

round shape to the bottom oil the fin
ished trough. Make the top edge of
the trough at least three inches thick.
One method of building a hog trough
requires an outer form only Mix the
concrete dry enough that it may be
tamped against the side of the form
into the shape desired. Paint the in
side at once with cement and water
mixed to the stiffness of cream.
Use two-foot lengths of one-inch gas
pipe across the trough, to keep the
hogs out of it. For holding the pipe
in position, set one-half-inch bolts in
pairs, heads down. in the soft con-
crete so that the pipes will fit be-
tween them and can be held firm by a
strap iron over the bolts. For this
purpose choose one-half-inch bolts of
sufficient length to extend four inches
into the concrete. Space the cross
pipe II to 16 inches apart.
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1916-06-02
BIG VALUE OF FERTILIZERS
Barnyard Manure improves Physical
Conditions of Soil and Makes 1t
Easy to Handle.

Barnyard manure has value on the
farm aside from that as a fertilizer.
1t improves the physical conditions of
the soil and makes it easier to handle
It's decay produces heat and it's pres
ence aids chemical and bacterial
processes. Moreover, it absorbs and
holds a large amount of water and
helps to aerate the soil. The bene-
fits of these indirect aids to plant
growth are in some cases worth as
much as the fertilizing power Of the
manure.
When it is added that barnyard ma
nure is worth perhaps $3.50 a ton, and
that each farm animal produces from
five to seven tons per 1000 pounds of
live weight each year, it is easy to see
that as fertilizer the material should
not be wasted
The lest practice is to haul the stuff
directly from the barn to the fields
If this Is done, there is little loss
through fermentation or teaching.