davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-03-27
vIRGINIA-CAROI1NA RAILROAD
WILL EXTEND OPERATIONS

Bristol, Va, March 2e.---Ishss farHt
seasons operation OF the extension Of
the Virginia. Carolina Railroad. from
the Norfolk and western main line.
Mt Abingdon. into the northwestern.
county of North Carolinas has stirn-
,yiated the interests in the mining pos
abilities OF Ashe Couns.y, and ~ the
county south---watausn--w which II
reached by the new road. Since iast
November . neld party has hsen en-s
gagged in making q magnetic naetria
survey of the iron deposits Of Asha
County The work 10 being .done
under the direction Of Kirby Thomas.
nf New York. r.. r.. Eaton II Tn
charge OF the field work. 1t - UNDER
stood that the work Is being dom for
tho virginia Iron. Coal and Coke Com
pany. or Roanoke, which company
owns large area covering the Hhllou
lead, and has taken options on other
tracts. II In reported that other pAr-s
ties will operate some Of the prop
ertie-. making shipments to the John
son City furnace. These rtfagneti0l
iron deposits have been inyextlgaked bes
fore. and some surface work and drill
ing has been done. 1t Unclaimed thai
the deposits are very cxtensives
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-03-27
VIII Try To stop Bale 81 1ntoxfcants
sss1- A. Efat0 mr.

WIN Try 10 stop Bale ID Intoxicants
- Al Stat0 EAtxs
Dallas, Tskaa. March s1ekThe Bap-
fist ministers Of Dallas win actively
aid tn Dallas Motherr Council In tts
effort to have tbs city charter Of Dali
ias amended 10 stop the sale OF In
tnxfnants Il Fair Park. This decision
va reached at the weekly mestins
OF the Baptist Pastors Association. A
committee was appointed tp help the
Council III evary why prsaible.
ThS pastoss adopted the motion to
e,sisr he N9thsrus gcunclI In an en-
thusiastic manner. The Rev. w. A.
Hewitt president q the conferences.
was made chairman ~ the commit
tse ana he appointed the following
us4nbefs: DR.. J. b. CrAnnM DR.. J. II
Noors, the Rsy. 8. 8. Bussell and
fhe REV. nv. G. Lattimore.
The pastors said thoy Will supply
speakers. helpers and other assistance
JSr A. y. Barton said vigorous methods
should be employed BY Dallas peo-
pie to secure the adoption OF the
amendment.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-03-27
WATER WORKS SUPPLIES.

OfYice OF
Superintendent OF City Water Works.
Room III. City Hall
Richmond. Va, March 16, 1915.
Sealed proposals will be received In
this office until IL NJ, MARCH as. 1915.
for the following supplies and contract
work:
Gate valves, east-fron pipe. special
castings. three nosxie IRE MIGRANTS,
valve boxes. meters. meter boxes, pig
lead. wiping solder, brass work, lead
pipe and hauling.
Specifications. plans and information
can be obtained In this office. and bids
must be made on form OF proposal
furnished by this Office.
The Administrative Board reserves
tho right to increase or decrease the
specified quantities twenty per cent.
and the right to reject any or all pro-
posals. A certified check for 500.
payable to the City Treasurer. must
accompany each bid Bond will be
required on each contract awarded.
t. e. DAVIS.
superintendent.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-03-27
Free information

FOR the purpose Of assasttn9 reeAefe
who are In the market for farm ,ls1d,
either for future home - ~ a ~
veetmsnt, The Riuhmond vlrx1ntam
viii place you In teach With 1eltAelS
dealers who have reputation NJ -
jne husineos on tho .'npuArA. III, s
rho Klchmcnd yIr1inian - n1
lands for sale. and this sarvtcA ~ for
the sole purpose 81 protecting ~ HeAt~|
err, IN % far ~ possible. ffuu hs1
ana deveIopmAnt compAntea whone
operations axe not strictly Dependable
This ta1nrmaff0ns II FoHrs Tor III:
asking. ant readers Of the virntni4N
are invised 70 avail themsslves N 4ll
FR1M services.
Fill ont and man this conpons
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-03-27
Richmond. Va, March -. lsls

Richmond. Va, March -, 1915.
Sealed proposals. will ~ received ~
this c4kice Nntn ~ O'CLOCK, NOON,
Aprti :. 1915. for pertain grnnoiithic
work and grAnite curling around Park
Plot. New Lester Street, Poplar and
Ash Streets.
Obtained on application. A certified
check Tor eI00 made payable 70 the
city TreAsnrNr, must accompany each
bid A. guaranty Of execution ef
contfact-
me Administrative Board reserves
thu riehtste r43ect any ana al BIDS.
CHAA - B0rsLISG.
CITY Hnstnesr.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-03-27

snADOAnD Am LIME nAsLwAY.
FAs Progressive midway ~ tAe neutA.
south bound train saAaAaIed 70 leAye
H s,snns:a ia - .iss.e assA' "a
seaeAss. Atlantis, 1irmtngAam. jack
sonvtile; e:t5 r. ~, coaches and Sleep
srs 70 Jacksonville. ii:3s r. n. Florida
Limited; HAS AZ ~, sls.psra. AZ
IAnta. Birminghatn. JAcksonviftA Tam
-, and coaches Jacteenvf11e.
North bound trains achsduisd to ar
rive In Richmond daily l:f0 A. H.. 7:ss
A. H.. s.se 4. n Local gao A. r.. s:ss
r. M.
DRsctive 1t cnes.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-03-27
il .The Csvili.ation Called Christian
Doed9

The following arresting passage cc-
Ours in the preface TO The End Of q
ChAptar. (About to be publfshed by
the Ecribners1, by shane Leslie: Tt
wAs while invaded tn = hospital DUR
;ng the great war that began to
record notes and souvenirs Of the
hAd hyod, realizing that had Witnese-
IA tbs nuictde ~ the civilization caIi-
~ Christian ana tho travail 81 : new
srA to which no gods hare been ~ yet
rash enou3h 70 give their name. and
reMemberins that. With my friends
snd contemporaries shared the for
tunes aaA n,lGforfunAe ~ being born
- - - 4f = shaztsr r. history.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-03-27
Office OF
city Electric Plant.

Richmond. Va. March 30. 1915,
Sealed proposals Will be received at
tho Office OF the Administrative Board,
Room sos, City Hall. Richmond. Va.
until IL O'CLOCK, NOON, TUESDAY,
MARCH rs. 1915, for furnishing enc
years supply Of New River run-of-mine
steam coal at the City Electric Plant.
Specifications may be seen at the Of
nee Of the City Electric Plant.
Coal IL to be delivered by team or
truck In the boiler room OF the plant.
The approximate quantity required
Id 1900 tons. subject to increase or de-
crease of twenty t20) per cent by the
Administrative Board.
Certified check In the sum of $3.50,
made payable to the City Treasurer.
must accompany each bid a. guar
antea of the execution OF contract.
The Administrative Board reserves
the right to reject any or all bids sub
mitted.
n. w. TRAFFORD.
superintendent City Electric Plant.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-03-27
LEGAL NOTICE.

VIRGINIA.: IN THE LAW AND
DQUITr COURT OF THE CITY OF
RICHMOND. THE 14TH DAY OF
MARCH, 1aia--
w r. l. Smith. Jr. .PlaintiM
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-03-27

Hichmond, Va, March s.. fS16
sealed proposals Will be rseslved AZ
this cfkice until 10 O'CLOCK NOON,
APRIL :. 1915. for gsanoiithic work
q Rffssview CsmeteFy and chimbo-
raSo and Jefferson Parks. Forms Of
proposais can be obtained on appiica-
tion. A certified chsck for $3.50. made
payable to the City Treasurer. must
accompany each bid as a guaranty o.
execution Of contract.
The Administrative Board reserves
the right TO reject any and ali bids
CHAs. E. BOILING.
City Engineer.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-03-27
SEALED PROPOSALS.
Office Of
Administrative Board.
Room No. 30y, City Hall.

Room No. 30s. City Hall
Richmond. va, March "a, 1915.
Sealed proposals will b received at
this office until FRIDAY, MARCH 81,
1916. At ~ O'CLOCK. NOON. for .
brass band, combating Of 1T least
twenty pieces. TO render music in this
parks OF the city Of Richmond. and
at such other places ~ may be desig-
mated by the board. Tor period OF
ten weeks. commencing June is. 1915.
six concerts i week.
The Administrative Board reserves
the right to reject any ana all pro-
posals.
w. w DtiNFOkD.
Clerk Administrative BOARD.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-03-27
OLD COINS.


DID CeSns wanfeAi--Wi1 Pay a Fer
{ 1855 quarters and 500 for 1853 half
Without arrows. 81 for fsot dollar
proof. We buy All rare coins to 1919.
cents. nicksls. dimes. etc. to dollars.
and old bills. Cash premiums paid.
Get our large Coin Circular Tor 4c.
NU16TSAfATIC BANK. Dept IS, Fort
Worth. Ten.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-03-27

Fer sale--0n TIE westhsnpt1ea Car
tine. near the Country Club, nice
lots on sAsy terms, without intarsst
ginfAn.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-03-27


- omae ue.Aase 1suet. O. ana Mal9
mt11e eeskh * JArratt. W. On mAin
r1A1 IeaAtnG from JArrAtt % Hn-
postA. NJ Aerea opsn. hAlAnAeA n
nsnall greWtA pths yiIuh1r- = ROOD
eta8n-m31l pfNloe klon. Friee, 1850.
Further pasttapiAfs Apply te nox ~
JarrAt& W. s3S
GFeuMAU ~ eAl1Apsat~ Doys mp1erR
buaaalnNs lixtR6 ream6 11x3e; ~
be4FaoeaeS poRshea enNIeeeA wlzh re-
movo6te g11Nes perzes$ water supply.
I, kwo b4tAA ~ plank kot-wA4eF AeAts
& swNter II ansh~t113ngs; 1ee-fppt ptsrs
4 Il onraoa oeo1j4 ~NVe<eeeeso N9Une
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-03-27
wooD AND COAL.

Il Pays to D1y Fsea MAN TAGt HAS
made . study Or wood to burn sigh-,
teen winters and seventeen summers.
Perfectly dry oak and pine slabs ut
s3.7S per haIf-eord: large oak knots,
at t9.7S per half-cord. All coal
burns free. Special prices on half
and Quarter-ton lots at LONGS. 1868
West Broad.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-03-27
REAL rsrATE ron sArr.

Fer 1ass--TWe Lists, - Esst Naehs -
west side Douisvard. between Cary
and Beverly; two lots west side
Colonial Avenue, between Cary and
cate with owner. A. NJ BO&a1A,
GAINESVILLE. King william County. Va
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-03-27

We Can Euplicats Any Key And Guar
antae II to At Electric bells installed
and repaired. Estimates free. Phons
Randolph S35. Work called for and
delivered. RICHMOND KEY WORKS,
see Eas*- Clay.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-03-27

nar6xins for Qutck saas.. Gnst ~ sold.
regardless Of price 20 make room.
y~passengsR Chaluers.
l-Hnssengex AG1tehal1.
5-Rnssenger AteRnss.
x-FaasenGeR CaAl1las. n
1-Passsnger OaAE1nnd.
S-Psssenser (nsonlD, Uaean1n. oo0oo.
WHITE AUTO aNnvICU CO..
40 North EighsA street.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-03-27
'r.0sr AND FOUND.


AneA1a1nts ~ CaxpenseFs EAat wasn't
vood Jobs learn blueprint reading.
4 domplsts course for ~. Particulars
atvsn. LUTTS. ITS Fargo. Buffalo.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-03-27

4 CeMDe<emf Sts.s9rADAsx Wh1
WtsAes % DO ssttA work or II de-
\ atrcus " bettssisg . pEeseat PEST
Glon. can learn sosnsthing Of ad-
vantage from my book for stenogra.
4 eenpap Tor iat1reattAG circular. r O
A Hon t01. Manrhsstsr station. Rich.
shoud. Va.
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1916-04-20
RED DESERT OF WYOMING.
lts Sand Dunes, Color Effects and
Sheep Pastures.

West of Creston is obtained the first
comprehensive view of the Red desert
Of Wyoming. A few miles north of the
sand dunes, which extends a hundred
miles, from Green river to North
Platte river. The dunes, many Of
them more than u hundred feet high,
are constantly travelling with the pre-
vafling winds in a general easterly
direction. If q few camels and an
Arab or two were added to the scene
the spectator could easily imagine him
self In the Sahara desert. Frequent
mirages, endless variety of feature and
wonderful coloring make the desert
far from the monotonous stretch it
may seem to be at first glance.
As the name suggests, the dominant
colors are red-russet, brick red and
vermilion-but there Is every one of
gray and brown, with not II few shades
Of green, purple and yellow. Unlike
the colors of an eastern American land
scape, those Of the Red desert are not
dependent on the season, for there is
little vegetation to hide the coloring OF
the rocks and soil.
Despite the sparsity of vegetable
growth, the Red desert of Wyoming is
a winter sheep range. The scattered
''bunch grass" which looks so meager
and dry, is, In fact, excellent forage,
curing into hay where it grew aud hay
ing a high nutritive value: In sum
mer, when the desert is dry and the
water holes are few, the sheep are
herded In the mountains, where water
Is abundant and grass is green and
tender.
The earlier SHOWS, falling first in the
higher mountains and extending week
by week to lower attitudes, drive the
docks into the rough fall range be.
tween the mountains and the desert.
Here they are held until the snow falls
on the desert itself, but with the first
heavy snowfall they are driven from
the foothills to spend the winter in the
open, where they find pasture in the
spaces cleared Of snow by the winds.
The winds are not tempered here, but
neither is the lamb shorn, and Wyo-
ming winter winds make heavy wool
when shearing time comes.-Argonaut.
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1916-04-20
YUAN sHIH KAI.

the Using dynasty. have been denied.
The imperial %concubine of the late En-
peror Kwangsu objected. Only four
years ago Yuan was serving the Using
dynasty as a minister. The boy en-
peror was then master of the man low
president. Ii he were to marry Yuan's
daughter he would have to pay homage
to his fa~ther-in-law, which would re-
verse their relative positions quite out
of harmony with Chinese customs and
traditions. 1t is reported the little en-
peror will marry a Manchu princess in
accordance with the traditions of his
dynasty.
Because of the general belief among
the lower classes that the deposed boy
emperor is truly the son of heaven
many difficulties must be overcome in
placing another emperor on the throne
without giving great offense to believ-
ers in the old Chinese traditions.
The new emperor must get the boy
emperor to turn over the title Of ''em-
peror of the great pure and the tradi-
tional imperial seal, which has been in
the possession of Chinese emperors for
thousands of years. To accomplish
of the election have been announced in
favor of the monarchy the president
will resign and offer the throne to the
boy emperor. He in turn will decline
the honor, his advisers urging that he
is too young for such a great RESPONSE
bility. Then the demand that Yuan
accept the emperorship will be in or
der, and he will 'unwillingly" ascend
the throne with the consent of the de
posed dynasty.
To overcome Yuan's unwillingness
various newspapers and bodies through.
out China are preparing memorials en-
treating him to accept the crown.
Former Emperor Pu vi will present
d petition from the imperial family.
Foreign Minister Lu Cheng Hsiang
is to submit a petition in behalf of all
the political elements.
Wang Shin Ching, the war minister,
will sign a memorial from the mill
tary body.
Military Governor Tuan Chih Kuei
Of Mukden win sign one from the mill
tary governors of all the provinces.
Wang Kuan will submit a petition in
behalf of the Mohammedans.
Other prominent Chinese will offer
memorials from the commercial bodies,
educational organizations and from I'll
bet and Mongolia.
Miss An Tseng Sung. who has been
the leader among women favoring the
monarchical movement, Is to sign 4 Pc
tafac0 6e - vs0cA4 CnanA
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1916-04-20
MISS wINIFRED HOLT.

international congress of the blind in
that city. Realizing what great oppor~
tunities the war offered to aid those
who have been rendered sightless. she
came to Paris and succeeded in gath
ering sufficient funds among American
friends to carry on Il limited amount Of
work with the soldiers.
THE darkest moments in a soldiers
life are those when for the first time
he realizes that he never will be able
to see again." Miss Holt recently de
clared. "Without prompt expert assist
ance % after the loss of sight the
blind man is apt to become Respondent,
to lose his intelligence OF to drift into
an apathy from which it is difficult If
not impossible to rouse him.
THE committees first task is to find
the blind sufferers, some of whom are
marooned in improvised hospitals.
farm houses or chateauX. and many of
whom are congregated in the large hos
pitfalls or Red Gross stations. The com
mittee sends visitors and teachers to
these blind soldiers, and for those 9th
erwise physically able it starts the task
of putting eyes OH their finger tips
and giving them light through work"
The ministry of war has just given a
special building to be used entirely for
the instruction of the blind. Many
offered their services to Miss Holt to
serve under her guidance. A class in
instruction is held every morning in
one of the large hotels. The men come
here to start their lives over again.
Typewriters and stenographic ma
chimes especially constructed for the
blind have been imported from Ameri-
ca for their instruction. The men are
taught the touch" typewriting sys-
tenn, similar to that taught in many of
our large business schools and colleges.
For ordinary writing and reading the
international Braille raised letter sys-
TEN is used. The letters resemble the
Morse Geographic code in that they
+ a series of dots and dashes. punch
ed through heavy parchment-like pa
per by a stylus. Checkerboards. play
ing cards. musical Instruments, rattan
for basket weaving. modelling clay and
watches. all specially made for the
blind, have been brought from Ameri-
ca. A large consignment of games
and writing materials which kind
friends sent to Miss Holt to enable
her to continue her work were lost on
the Lusitania.
Speaking of her work with the men,
Miss Holt said My friends have been
very kind in holding up my hands, and
the authorities have given us every
support. We are working in twenty
seven military hospitals and have a
large waiting list OF men who are able
to be about and who wish to come to
our school as soon as 1t is opened.
MY staff OF teachers. all of whom are
necessarily French. have been most
successful in their efforts"
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1916-04-20
Notice of Application to Disconnect
and Exclude Certain Territory from
the Limits of the City of Pierre.

To Whom 1t May Concern:
Notice is hereby given that on the goth day of
March. 1916, the undersigned owners presented
and filed their petition to the City Commissioners
of Pierre, Hughes County, South Dakota. to dis
connect and exclude from the corporate limits of
the City of Pierre, the hereinafter described
tracts of land, viz:
Lot 2 and all of the southwest quarter of north
west quarter of section twenty-nine. and south
half of northeast quarter of northwest quarter
and the north half of southeast quarter of north
west quarter, except a strip ten rods wide off the
east side thereof, of section twenty-nine. and
southwest quarter of the southeast quarter of the
northwest quarter of section twenty-nine, and
southeast quarter of southeast quarter of north
west quarter, except a strip ten rods wide off the
east side thereof. of section twenty-nine. all the
above described land being in township one hun
dred eleven, north range 10, w. 9Th p. M, City Of
Pierre. Hughes county. state of South Dakota.
Dated, Pierre, S. d.. March Goth, 1916,
CHAS. l.. HYDE,
KATHRYN GOLDSMITH,
d. B. ROBINSON.
CHARLES s. BLACKBURN
By ZIILL GUTHRIE, Attorney.
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1916-04-20
FRIDAY HAPPENINGS.
They Register Many Important Events
In American History.

Are you a good American and do you
look on Friday as an unlucky day?
You are not superstitjous and are quite
sure that one day is just like another
as far as national Significance is con
cerned? No doubt that is true, and yet
the Importance of Friday in American
history, al 1t has been worked out,
makes an almost convincing showing
Tor itself. We have not forgotten that
Columbus discovered the new world on
Friday, Oct. IL, 1892. Did you know
that he also set sail on the sixth day
Of the week, that he started ON his re
turn voyage on that day and that he
reached Palos on another Friday? In
addition to six vital points in the Co.
lumbus exploration, which were mark
ed by Fridays, that day was carried
over into our national experiences with
England.
Cabot's commission from Henry VIII.
bears the date of Friday. On that day
OF the week the Mayf1ower landed, and
on a much earlier Friday the town of
st. Augustine was founded. One G.
Washington vas born on Friday, and
that day marked the Selling of Bunker
HNl, the surrender of Burgoyne Mt Sar-
atoga, the discovery of Arnold's trea-
son and the surrender of Lord Corn
wallis at Yorktown. This was in 1881.
almost five long years after John
Adams made the famous motion in the
Continental congress that the United
States are and ought to be independ-
emit" That declaration was made on
Friday, the 18th of July. 1776, three
days after the actual drawing up of
the Declaration of Independence and
six years after the Boston massacre.
which precipitated the Revolution. st
Louis Globe Democrat.
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1916-04-20
TO PLACE
YUAN ON THRONE
Will Offer Ii TO Deposed Boy
Ruler, Who Will Decline.
CHInA'S CUSTOM ON TRIAL

Must Overcome Many Difficulties In
Placing Another Emperor on Throne
Without Giving Offense to Believers
In Ole Chinese Tradition-Petition to
Conquer Presidents "Unwiliingness."
ing the republic of China back to IA
monarchy are these:
Delegates elected by the people will
assemble in convention to formally de
termine whether the form IF govern
ment shall be changed.
That convention will adopt q style of
ballot, and members will vote upon the
question. 1t is practically certain that
the vote win be unanimous for an en-
pire.
Next, President Yuan Shin Kai will
be chosen emperor.
Then Yuan will ascend the dragon
throne, and the nine-year-old boy en-
peror, who was deposed nearly four
years ago. will surrender to him all the
historic treasures of the Using dynasty.
Thereupon little Pu Yi's title of emper-
or will be Cancelled and he will be made
a hereditary prince.
The new dynasty probably will be
called the WI or war dynasty. What
the emperor's imperial name will be
has not been announced.
Reports that Yuan's seventh daugh-
ter will marry the throneless boy EN-.
peror thus allying the president with
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1916-04-20
EGGS FOR


White Wyandotte eggs, Pen No. l.
ST. 500 for Is.
White Wyandotte eggs. Pen No. 2.
$500 for Is.
Columbian Wyandotte eggs, 50 90
for Is
R. C. White Minorca eggs. $500
for Is.
Buff Orpington eggs, $500 for Is.
Indian Runner Duck eggs, fawn and
white, 81 90 for IL.
Limited amount of stock for sale of
all above varieties.
We won the following prizes at the
tierre Pouutty Show:
Eight lists.
Eight 2uds.
Nine 3rds.
Two Cups.
Mr.. AND MRS. r.. G. SANDERS.
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1916-04-20
The Frat Anthracite Coal.

When the first two tons of anthracite
coal were taken into Philadelphia in
1903 the good people of that city. so the
records state, tried to burn the stuff.
but at length, disgusted, they broke it
up and made a walk of it." Fourteen
years later Colonel George Shoemaker
sold eight or ten wagon loads OF 1t in
the same city. but warrants were soon
issued for his arrest for taking money
under false pretenses.