davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-11
believed h. intended to give up his

believed he intended to give MP his
The continental army is the only
Recommendation OF the War Depart
ment that the committee does not ia
vor. In View OF that fact II is too
bad Secretary Garrison felt he must re-
dsn. He Is absolutely right on the
Philippine question.
'The House military affairs committee
10 willing to increase the standing army
to 1876. 900. recommended by the War
Department. or even to more than that
There Is not, however, a single member
who favors the continental army. OF
course they are agreed that the National
ond line Of defense, either. but the menu
bers want to see what can be done to-
ward building it up"
Representative Kahn's Views.
ct am sorry that the Secretary re-
signed" said Representative Kahn OF
California, ranking republican member OF
the military affairs committee. ''for |
think he was fine man. and one of the
ablest men know. However. one must
look at the thing this war: Here are three
branches of the government. the execu-
tive. the legislative. the judicial: and it
when they all work together harmonious
ly. A cabinet officer is something like
an army officer who makes a plan to
meet the attack OF the enemy.
II he concentrates his mind on one
plan alone. and the enemy uses some
other strategy. then he is lost. Now
1t would seem to me that for the best
interests OF all concerned that there
might have been an alternative plan
offered that all OF US could support"
Expressions by Others.
Representative Greene Of Vermont, 4
member OF the military affairs COM
mittee. said:
"It is too bad the Secretary Of War
resigned, and yet he had put his en-
tire faith in the plan which now has
no support"
Representative Campbell OF Kansas.
republican. said.
1.-THE resignation shows that Secre-
tary Garrison does not believe the
President was sincere in what he said
in his western trip about the need for
continental army"
Representative KitcfMn. the demo-
cratic House leader, said:
1T is very unfortunate that Secre-
tary Garrison should resign. 1 regard
him as one of the strongest men in the
cabinet. However. the President realiz-
ed that Congress would not agree to
the continental army plan and that it
would be futile to fight it. Secretary
Garrison wanted to keep on fighting for
it,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-11
Appointed April 80, 1918.

He was appointed assistant secre-
tary Of war by President Wilson April
90, 1913. He brought to that position
an intimate knowledge of conditions
in the National Guard, for the admins
tration of which. in its relation to the
federal government, he was directly
responsible. He frequently acted as
Secretary of War during the absence
or illness of Mr.. Garrison, and is said
to have displayed excellent judgment
in passing on various important ques-
tons of military policy brought to his
attention in that capacity.
One of his greatest achievements was
the personal control and direction of
the relief expeditions which operated
in Europe soon after the outbreak of
the war in the summer of 1914.
Mr.. Breckenridge had charge of the
disbursement of immense sums of mon
ey and supplies distributed for the re-
lief Of American citizens strained in
Europe and was officially commended
for the marked decision ard efficiency
with which he performed those trying
duties in time of great excitement
and distress.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-11
CLOSER COOPERATION
WITH ITALY ARRANGED

LONDON, February ia closening
of the bonds between Italy and the
other allies Is considered as certain to
result from the mission of Premier
BRAND of France to Italy. according
to the general tenor Of the comment
in the morning newspapers. Among the
immediate results expected will be q
close military cooperation In the
Balkans.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-11
Appendices to German Note
Include the Alleged Secret
Orders of British Admiralty

BERLIN, February 10, via London.
February II, 2:02 a.m-The appen-
dices attached to the German memo
randum notifying neutral nations that
armed merchantmen belonging to
countries at war with Germany will he
considered warships include alleged
secret instructions by the British ad-
niralty found on the British steamer
Woodfield. The WoodfeId was sunk
November 3. last. a list OF the crew
aboard showed a gun captain and gun
crew from the navy on board the yes
sci. The instructions opened by de-
ciaring.
The ratings EN- barked as gun
crew will sign the ships articles at the
rate OF pay communicated - !.
Ratings are not required for duties not
connected with armament, EXCEPT in
case of emergency. They are
TO keep watch at sea and also when
the ship is anchored at amy place where
IL is Liable 90 attack by submarine
They Will not mess with the crew, but
in one of the officers messes Uni.
forms Will rot be worn in neutra,
ports
The next section. under the title
Drill and Maintenance of Guns" gives
instructions for experimenting the gun
crew from the regular members of the
crew. for the supply of ammunition.
gun practice and SO forth
Controls Ship in Action.
The third section. which is, headed
Action" opens follows:
The master is responsible for the
handling of the ship and the opening
and ceasing fire"
1t then prescribes regulations for
fighting submarines. among them being
the following: 1T is to be remembered
that over shots are useless A short
shot, by causing a splash, confuses
the enemy and may riccochet into the
enemy. II the shell bursts on striking
the water. il usually does, some
fragments are likely to hit the enemy
To get the best results at least half
the shots should fall short. 1t
is inadvisable to open fire at a range
farther than 500 yards.
The Anal section of the instructions
for firing practice prescribes that prac-
tice shall take place out of sight OF
land and Of other ships.
Appendix No. s IL q duplicate copy
Of the p1eceding. except that the prayist
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-11
GARRISON PLAN UPHELD
ON FLOOR Of THE HOUSE
Mr.. Gardner Says Continental Army
Idea Is Misunderstood by
National Guard.

Representative Gardner Of Massa-
chusetts today discussed Secretary
Garrison's resignation in a speech on
the floor Of the House in which he out
lined the differences between the con-
of the. officers Of the National Guard.
my own opinion" he said. lis
strongly on the side of the Secretary
Of War, and believe the National
Guard would be on the same side IL
the issue were thoroughly understood.
''It is generally supposed that there
is a contest between a. continental ont
papers last fall. and a federalized
militia plan. That is not a fact. 1t is
q contest between two fundamentally
different plans, and which 1t Is pro-
posed to build up a second line of de-
fense.
At First Deemed Fantastic.
at first. Secretary Garrison outlined
a continental army plan which seemed
fantastic. and yet I believe he was
fundamentally right in insisting that
the secondary citizens army should be
absolutely in control of the national
government alone.
Secretary Garrison long ago abandon
ed any preconceived notion as to the
superstructure of the continental army
SO long as the fundamental idea of abb
solute federal control is retained.
Therefore, the Secretary proposed that
the citizens secondary army is to be
built up under that clause of the Con-
stitution of the United States which
authorizes Congress to raise armies.
''The Secretary long ago announced
his willingness to take over the Ma
tional Guard and incorporate its or
ganization and officers intact in his
proposed national militia, which he
called the continental army
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-11
THANKS THE PRESIDENT.
House Military Committee Appre-
GATES Course on Preparedness.

The House military committee adopt-
ed today a resolution authorizing
Chairman Hay to express to President
Wilson its appreciation Of the spirit OF
broadminded fairness in which he Is
dealing with preparedness problems.
and also thank him for his defense Of
the military committee of Congress ms
disclosed in his correspondence with
former Secretary Garrison of the Wnr
Department. The resolution WINS adopt
ed In executive session after hearings
ON defense plans had been closed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-11
GARRISON RESIGNS
AS WAR SECRETARY
Continued from First Page.)

studies were continued for two years
in Philadelphia. in Phillips Exeter
Academy at Exeter. n. H, for one
year, and. for a like period. in Har-
ward University, where he took a spe-
cial course.
With the view of preparing himself
for a legal career. Mr.. Garrison, in
1883, entered the service of the law
firm of Redding. Jones 6. Carson. in
Philadelphia. While still with this
firm he became student in the law
department Of the University Of Penn
sylvania and, being graduated with q
degree of LIB, in 1886, was admitted
to the Philadelphia bar the same year.
His association with Redding, Jones &
Carson and the succeeding partnership
of Jones G. Carson was continued until
1888.
Admitted to New Jersey Bar.
In the last named year he was ad-
mitted to the New Jersey bar and. re-
moving to Camden, began practice
alone and through the succeeding ten
years maintained his law offices In that
city. January 1, 1899. he removed to
Jersey City and formed the legal firm
of Garrison. McManus & Enright, a
partnership which lasted until June Is.
1904, when Mr.. Garrison withdrew from
the firm to accept the post of vice
chancellor of New Jersey. Upon the
expiration of his seven-year term he
was reappointed to serve until 1918. He
resigned March S, 1913, to assume the
duties Of Secretary of War in Presi-
dent Wilson's cabinet. On that day he
took the oath of Office as Secretary OF
war.
Mr. Garrison is gifted with an active
and penetrating mind, possesses large
amount of tact and a pleasing address
is quick to grasp details. and has an un-
limited capacity for work.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-11
DAY IN CONGRESS.
Senates

Met at noon.
Considered Nicaraguan treaty
In executive session.
Military affairs committee de-
cided to begin preparation of
army bill Monday.
Houses
Met at noon.
General debate on the post Of
fee appropriation bill resumed.
Naval and military affairs COM
mittees continued hearings on
the national defense.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-11
el'1E p,u.r psovo 4

Austro- Hungarian foreign Office today to
the representatives of neutral govern
ments. announcing the decision Of Aus
tria- Hungary to treat as warships armed
merchantmen of countries at war with
this nation. is as follows: ut Is not
unknown to the governments of neutral
powers that the British admiralty in the
course Of the year 1913 caused a number
Of large British liners to be armed. The
first lord of the admiralty declared in the
house Of commons March rs. 1918. that
the armament of the vessels in question
was only to protect them from dangers
threatening them from hostile ships con-
verted into auxiliary cruisers, and to
serve exclusively for defense.
Experiences gained in the present
war show that a considerable number
Of British merchantmen used the guns
ships and not solely with the intention
to escape legitimate exercise Of the
prize right, but also to attack and de-
stroy enemy warships.
"Incited to Illegal Acts"
"As is evident from the memorandum
which the imperial German government
today communicated to neutral states.
instructions have been found aboard
British steamers which prove that the
British government itself melted its
merchantmen to illegal acts, and this
in complete contradiction to assurances
which it communicated to the state
Department at Washington: Its allies.
particularly France and Italy. followed
the example of Great Britain during
the course Of hostilities.
without wishing to enter into an
examination of the surprising claim
advanced by the British government.
according to which liners armed by
sive Character while merchantmen
armed by the enemy are regardable by
the British naval forces as auxiliary
cruisers, the Austro-Hungarian gov
eminent limits itself to establishing
that every merchantmen provided Tor
any purpose whatever with cannon
loses, through. this fact alone, the
character of non-combatant ship.
In Force From February 20.
'Under these conditions the order
has been given to the Austro-Hunga-
rian naval forces to treat such ships
as combatants-an order which. how
ever. will be in force only from Febru-
airy 20, 1916.
This delay is granted in the inter-
ests Of neutral powers. in order that
they may be placed in position to
warn their nationals of the danger to
which they will expose themselves II
they intrust their persons or property
to armed merchantmen Of states at
war with Austro-Hungary. and also to
notify those Of their nationals who
may already be aboard ships OF the
above mentioned character.
1.-The ministry of foreign affairs has
the honor to request the embassy to
bring the above Geographically to the
attention of it's government.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-11
Application Is Unlimited.

In all these orders. which do not
simply confine themselves to the naval
warfare zone around England, but are
unlimited in their sphere of application
Compare for Mediterranean appendix
12), the greatest emphasis is laid on
keeping them secret, and obviously
with the purpose of keeping hidden
conduct of merchant ships which is OPP
posed to international law and the
British assurances (appendix p.
BY this 1t is rendered clear that
armed English merchant ships have Of
ciel commission treacherously to at
tack German submarines everywhere
when they come near them-that is to
wage war against them unscrupulouA-
ly. 1nasmuch as England's rules for
naval warfare are taken over by her
allies as a matter of course, 1t must
be considered that proof has also been
adduced with respect to armed mer-
chant ships of the other enemy states
Nv %. Under the circumstances ad-
duced above enemy merchant ships
which are armed with guns have no
right longer to be considered as peace
full merchant ships. The German sea
period designed to protect the rights
of neutrals, receive an order to treat
such ships as warships.
"t2). The German government in
forms the neutral powers of this state
OF affairs in order that they can warn
their subjects from further intrust-
ing their persons or property to armed
merchant ships of the powers at war
with the German empire"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-11

ned with the Kentucky National Guard.
In which organization he became major
and inspector general of the LIST Bril-
gade.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-11
Memorandum of Austria
Contains Same Provisions
as the Note of Germany

VIENNA. Austria, February 10. via
London. February II, p.m.-The text Of
the mem kandum communicated BY the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-11
Not a Surprise to Mr.. Craeo,

That the resignation of Secretary of
War Garrison will not change the hos
+i,ity of the House military affairs COM
mittee to the continental army plan
was stated today by Representative
THOMAS 8. Crago of Pennsylvania.
"The resignation of Garrison did not
surprise me-" he said today. Il had an
mixing from the Secretary a month ago
that il the committee rejected his con-
tinental army scheme he would resign.
The hint was SO strong that at the
time told one Of the men with me ]
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-11

1.-The President seems to realize this
fully, and it is fortunate thing for
the country and the democratic party
that he does. Otherwise should have
but little hope for the success of his
program at this session Of Congress.
'.Mr. Garrison's idea seems to be that
the PRESIDENT should insist on one par
ticular plan and accept nothing else
by way of suggestion or compromise
that Congress may have to offer
ANY one who Is at all experienced
here must realize that no President of
the United States could adopt such
course and succeed with his program,
and If Mr.. Garrison was unwilling to
remain in the cabinet except on that
condition his retirement from it is the
best thing that could happen. 1 have
every hope that Congress during the
present session will adopt a reasonable
program of preparedness for whatever
Increases in both our army and navy
seem to be reasonably demanded by
present conditions"
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1916-08-26
CLEMSON COLLEGE NOTES

The bursting Of the Lake Toxaway
dam occasioned considerable loss to
the college by causing the Seneca
River to overflow a large tract of
bottom land belonging to the col
lege. However, the flood was less
serious in this immediate section
than was generally expected it
would be.
Indications are that there will be
a normal attendance at the college
next year. Already a full number of
applications for the regular four
courses have been received.
This is Horticulture Week at the
Summer School. Interesting instruc-
tions are being given about the diff
ferent kinds Of fruits and vegetab bles
growing on the college grounds and
at the Experiment Station; and both
field and class room work is being
done.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1916-08-26
TwENTY-sIx STATES FOR WILL
son. f,t8
Judge Mendel Smith, Returning From
Trip Through Western and Pacific
Sections, Says Democratic Victory .is
Confidently Expected. &.

Columbia. Aug. 23.-Judge, Mendel
l.. Smith has returned from an ex-
tended tour of the far West and Pa
cific coast States. having attended the
national convention of the Knights OF
Pythias as a delegate from South Car
olina. Judge Smith speaks with en-
thusiasr and returns sanguine OF the
reelection Of President Wilson. 49,
II travelled through 26 States" he
said. land believe the Democratic
ticket win carry each and every one
II06xt - = I = p p s
ment, but I can not make It too
strong. Everywhere one hears the
expression: President Wilson has
kept us out of war; and tits said
with emphasis and feeling. That is
the keynote of American opinion in
all of the 26 States and IT is impos-
sible for the Republicans to make
any headway against it. Whatever
they say is met with and silenced
by it."
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1916-08-26
TO STUDY FARM LIFE.
-. b. johnson Calls on President tn
emphasize Value of Such Body.

washington, Aug. 23.-Dr D r
Johnson. president of the National
Education association, today called
to see President Wilson as chairman
or committee recently named for
THIS purpose to urge the appointment
or commission to study farm life.
After leaving the White House. DR..
Johnson said that he and other mem-
Ders of the committee had been most
cordially received and that they felt
much encouraged in the efforts being
made to have commission appoint.
ed to study farm life conditions.
1t Is our belief" DR.. Johnson said
that much may be done toward
making the farm life Of the people
generally, but most especially the
women who live on the farms, bet
ter In many ways. What we want to
do is to make the farm so much liked
that hereafter there will be no prob
lem involved I'm making it attractive.
rms could he accomplished through
the medium of a commission such as
is proposed by the National Education
association and we hope to be sue
cessful I'm our efforts"
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1916-08-26
riant Crimson Glover to Improve Your
Land.

Clemson. COllege. Aug. 23.-This Is
crop that you can't afford to pass
up. 1t Is hardy and does well on most
OF our Southern soil. 1t is used ex-
tensively for grazing. The vines turn.
ed under makes one of the best soil
improvers you can get. 1t adds much
humus and nitrogen to the soil, and
therefore increases the yield of corn.
cotton or any other crop that may be
planted after the clover is turned un-
DER 1t can he grazed in the fall and
spring and then the stubble, turned
under" and excellent results are OBJ
tained as a fertilizer for the following
crop. The price of seed is small con-
sldering what great crop it is. You
SIMPLY can't afford to pass up this
crop. How many acres are you going
to plant?
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1916-08-26
COTTON CONDITION POOR.
Dry Weather Has Further Injured the
Crop-COn Doing Well.

Columbia, Aug. 23.-The weather
during the past week has been too
dry, and all crops outside of the re-
Gently main flooded districts need
rain. Cotton continues generally in
unsatisfactory condition. with she'd
ding and rust in large areas and slow
fruiting; the picking Of the early crop
has become more general; the late
crop needs rain to develop squares.
Corn on the whole is doing well. but
copious rains would greatly improve
the late crop. Much hay and fodder
were saved during the week, which
was especially favorable for curing.
Forage peas, sweet potatoes and corn
are in good condition.
Richard TT. Sullivan.
Meteorologist.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1916-08-26
WILL GET FORMER JOBS.
Postofice Employees Will Return TO
onlces When 4! .DssHiessa . Egeps i. slas
Militia. - "

Notice has been given by Postmas-
ter General A. s.. Burleson, in view
of the many misleading statements
which have been circulated, that all
postoffice employees who are members
of the militia and called away from
their postoffice duties by the mobili
zation Of the militia will be reassigned
to their former positions in the post
offices as soon as they are discharged
from their military duty. The assign
ment to their former position will ue
made as soon as they are ready to en-
ter upon such service and at the same
salary as before they entered the mil
itary service, and it will not be nec-
essary even to secure the approval OF
the pOstoffice department.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1916-08-26
FARMERS FINE DEFENSE.
Tells Editor Why He Gets Goods
From q Mail Order House.

Tells Editor Why He Gets Goods
From a Mail Order House.
Recently a merchant of Natchez
happened to see farmer receive a
box at the depot and noticed that 1t
was from a mail order house. He al
so noticed that the goods were right
in his line and the same as he carried
for years. He Immediately approached
the farmer and said.
II could have sold you the goods
you have here for less money than
the Chicago hause and saved YOU the
freight"
Then why didn't you do so?" said
the farmer. II have taken the local
paper for a year and have not seen a
line about your selling these or any
other goods. This mail order house
sends advertising matter to me asking
for my trade, and gets it. If you
have any bargains, why don't you put
them in the paper so we can see what
they are ?"-Natchez (Miss.) Demo
crat.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1916-08-26
Manning Strong Everywhere.

One Sumter man has received these
expressions among his mail within the
last "a hours.
From Barnwell-The former sup
porters of Gov. Manning who are
against him now are men who have
not much weight. In going over the
precincts Of this county / figure tha.
Mr.. Manning will get about LOO;
Blease $50; Cooper 45O.
From Oconee--Things are locking
up for Richard l." in this county. l
predict he will get two to three III fths
of the votes here.
From Union-F'riends were delight
ed with the governors reception in this
heretofore doubtful county. Remem-
ber, our people are not found standing
on the street corners
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1916-08-26
SHUBRICK IN SERVICE.

Charleston, Aug. 23.-The torpedo
boat Shubrick. which, with several
others Of her GLASS; has been lying in
ordinary at the navy yard, will be put
in service and handled by a crew
made up Of men from the Panther
and other craft at the yard to ply be-
tween the naval station and the wreck
of the collier Hector in accordance
with orders from Washington receiv-
ed at the yard today. The Shubrick
will make the run from time to time
as is found necessary for the purposes
OF inspecting the progress being made
In the saivaging of the wreck by New
York wrecking company. The sal
vaging will begin soon.