The review. [volume] (High Point, N.C.) 1908-19??, 1916-08-17

New York.-Germany is on the de-
fensive. The initiative has passed 10
the entente allies. This Is the one
great outstanding fact OF the seconu
year OF the great war.
Before, she aimed blow where she
pleased and the allies parted 1t as
best they might. She seized most OF
Belgium and q seventh Of France
Twice she overwhelmed the Russians
who had penetrated East Prussia.
She smashed her way far into. the
cars dominions and crushed Serbia
and Montenegro. She directed fear
full battering-ram Of shells and hui
man bodies on Verdun.
But with the present summer a
sweeping change came over the as
pect Of military affairs.
Cooperating through the allies war
council with Gen. Joseph Joffre at Its
head, the Italians beat back the Aus
TRAN columns In the Trentino, the
Russians drove the Teutons before
them in the East with horrible de-
struction and the British and French
began a slow and methodical bending
OF the long established lines In the
West.
At Last Fully Organized.
These are the movements which are
still going on as the war enters It's
third. and according to Lord Kitch-
ener's Delphic prediction, final year..
Whether the kaiser will retrieve him.
self, again seize the initiative and en-
ter on new campaigns Of conquest
cannot be foretold. One thing Is GER
tain, the two largest empires Of the
earth, Russia and Great Britain, are
ut last fully organized for war
against him.
On the first anniversary of the war,
August 1, 1915, the Austro- German
sweep Of Poland was in full swing.
Lublin fell that day; Cholm, August
2; Warsaw. August g.; Ivangorod. Au-
gust 2; Serock, August g: Lomza, Au-
gust IL; Sieilce and Sokolow. August
Ia; Kovno, August 80; Novogeor-
gievsk. August 21; Ossowiec, August
a; Kovel, August %; Brest-Litovsk,
August 27; Olita. August %; Lutsk.
September 2; Brody. September g.;
GrOdno, September 4 Dubno. Sep
tember l6; Pinsk, September IL, and
Wilma, September 20.
1t seemed, to neutral observers moth
Ing could stop the Teutons in the
East, and it was generally believed
the invaders had themselves chosen
the line extending from just west Of
Riga, nearly straight south, to Rou-
mania on which they spent the win
ter.
Russia Seemed Beaten.
Even when, on September 8, the
car took command of all his armies
In person, won b victory near Tarno-
pol. September 10, and recaptured
Lutsk September %, and Czartorysk
October 20, few believed the Russians
could revive. Lutsk was soon lost
again, and on October % the Germans
stormed nluxt. Then things settled
down for the winter and almost every
neutral critic thought the spring would
see resumption Of the Teuton drive
On October 8, the Teutons crossed
the Serbian border at many points
and Eve days later the Bulgarians,
newcomers In the war, invaded from
the east. Fighting desperately but
hopelessly, the Serbians were pressed
back by torrents Of heavy shells to
which they could not reply. and on
November . the German general staff
was able proudly to announce that the
operations against Serbia had ended
In complete success. while Austria at
the same time was finishing Off Mon
tenegro. ".
But unsuccessful as the year 1918
had heen TO the niles. In, the field.
sheir will to conquer did not wayer.
AT the moment early in December,
when the German imperial chancalor
was making d clear oEer Of peace In
speech TO the reicnstag. the rep
resentatiyes Of Germany's enemies