davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18
CRACKING THE SALOON.

p OSTON will be the battlefield tomorrow when wets
- meet drys The vets are on the defensive, fighting
with their backs against the wall Yet there will be
blood in the city OF culturc-only bloodess flank move
mcn which promises to put the barenders union out Of
business in the New England metropolis,
This will be the fifth time that Boston has grappled
with the problem of the open saloon Eleven years ago
election held in that city and the prohbonsts
defeated but not discouraged by majority of 2SOOO In
1910 the question again figured and the dry adherns
rcpulsed by majority OF 1900 indicating that the saloon
was quite as popular ever.
In 1914 the issue again came before the people and the
vets proclaimed victors by 2lOOO votes. About a
year ago similar contest gave the ~bacnderS' union
margin OF 1900 votes sustain the organization in good
standing
So If the total vote this year approximatcs that of 1915
change OF heart Of about 1000 votes will carry dsmay
into the homes OF stockholders in liquor corporations
In the sweep of the dry movement Boston is quite likely
will stand for prohibition for economic reasons The busi-
ness men anxious close the open saloon but
somewhat unwilling to support movement which will
prevent them having social drinks at home
Hence Boston is likely to lose the saloon and il, thirsty
and opent citizens will do their drinking home where
the abuse OF liquors is insignificant as compared to the
bar which always has operated nnreguated and with only
one object in vew--g get the money
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18
THE RICH ARE LEARNING TO GIVE

GONE years ago when Andrew Carnegie commenced a
- systematic plan OF giving away millions aid in the
establishment OF public libraries he naugurated move
mcnt which had few followers first but which eventually
induced other rich men to give literally while they were
still able TO the good effects
III While there many adverse comments relative to
the Carnegie donations, in which many real phanhrops
believed that the steel should have aided the poor
instead of library patrons the fact that Carnegie gave away
money in abundance resulted in ooscnng the purse strings
Of other monaites who followed the liberal methods OF
Carnegie hut along other lines
Rich have learned how to give and Carnegie is
sponsible in large measure for pointing the way. His
famous remark that it wrong for a man to die rich has
had its effect numerous rich men who are fastening to
scatter their gold where it will do the good
Carnegie made popular the giving away Of money. And
those who believe that he did reach the right people
that is those who most in need Of help have come
TO realize that the example by him is bearing rich fruit
For more and more the rich are learning to give.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18

She can sing for five hours when
they are engaged, and you can't drive
him out OF her home But il she sings
for five seconds after they are married,
you can't keep him in his house.
Don't argue with your wife. II you
do happen to nail her with an unan-
swcrable argument she will either get
highly indignant or start to bawl, and
IN either case You lose.
When you are tempted to make a
noise, just consider the bass drummer
in the band. He works hardest, ere
ates the most racket, and get the least
credit
Even after she gets that way, 1t takes
a woman a long time to realize that
she is fat.
A woman may be hard of hearing,
but she is never deaf TO ilattery
A woman likes to have broken win
dow casing or a broken spout repaired
so she can tell her friends that she has
had her house remodeled.
The ornery men may drink booze
and smoke smelly pipes and chew filthy
tobacco. But, Bless Pat they don't
kiss each other,
Your wife may not be such bril-
liant woman But give her credit for
keeping you from making fool OF
yourself oftener than you do.
II is hard to make a wife understand
that giving her husband piece Of her
mind isn't going to benefit his peace of
mind.
There was time when a girl was
satisfied to marry any old slob who
was a good providcr and who brought
home the Kale every Saturday night
But nowadays she wants something
that resembles the lad in the mems
ready-to-wear clothing advertisement
that can do the Tango in fourteen dii-
ferent styles.
You can retain your wife's affection
Nv helping her do the dishes every
night But you won't retain her re-
spect.
When a man gets so he can hard
boil an egg without cracking II he
imagines that he is chef
Man goes through life believing that
the best wages are paid in some other
town and that the best fishing is an
some other county
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18
TAXING AUTOMOBILES.

ONE Of the legislators that he proposes to
~ introduce hill at the session which will be eau
able to the OF motor cars.
Under the present system he declares that il man
purchases car in December he is forced to pay license
tax on the car for the entire year, although he will not
get the benefits for more than part of one month
quarterly system would seem to be much better than
the in effect The of Oklahoma should no,
be unfair to any citizen and the legislature can we'll adjust
the motor license fees that the purchaser of car late in
the year will not he forced to pay license during time
when he owns no car.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18
TAKING CARE OF Mr.. WETZ.

I EDERAL authorities have been unable to find any law
which will bring Mr. Wetr, the egg king, into the
dragnet for boosting prices. But when he said What
are you going to do about t? the organized and
the indications that the egg magnae will find to
his sorrow what the women will do Eggs worth
precious little unless they he exchanged for gold and
the Housewives leagues quite busy dscouragng the
use of in liberal quantities. Mr. Wetz will be wiser
when the women have finished their campaign.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18
CALLING THEIR HANDS.

\VIllEN the legislature and the womans suffrage
w resolution is submitted for a vote there is bright
promise that the women will have the pledge, of enough
votes to assure its passage
But-have the women sufficient pledges from the law
makers tina, they will be in the chamber when the vote is
taken DO the women know II there danger that the
resolution will lose by default'
The situation indicates a pretty .kirmsh Wise pol
heans getting into print with promises of supporting
the suifragets. II the as siul as we think
they they will be on hand see that the promises arc
kept and that legislator who has guaranteed his vote in
favor Of the amendment will he found outside Of the leg
slative hall when the test vote comet.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18

Turned YOU down, did you sayP
Well, old chap, its better to have loved
and lost than never to have loved az
all"
"Yes, better, indeed" replied the ro-
jectcd one Better for the postofilcs
authorities, the florist, the messenger
boy. the confectioner, dozen walters.
twice as many taxi drivers. the Jews
eler, and half the theaters in town.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18
OLDSToRIBS
INNEWTYpH
Twenty Years Ago.
from INe TlNES Files

Twenty Years Ago.
The delegates selected by the Com-
meroial club to go to the Free Homes
convention are Senator A. c. Scott,
Hon, Sidney Clarke and Hon. O. A.
Mitschcr.
The person guessing closest to tho
time the candle goes out will receive
$40 in cash. boston Wilson.
a curious incident OF the election i,
reported from Salt Lake City. whero
a man and his wife both ran for tho
state senate and the woman handily
defeated her husband and was elected
by an immense plurality.
f. f Brown and II. Overholser
visited Guthrie TODAY
Fifteen Years Ago.
Frank I. Gaines, the real estate man
will leave tomorrow for a busines, trim
to st. Joe.
A marriage license was issued 10.
day to Carl X Keene and Goldio
Evans.
Mr.. Jesse Louis Rupard will bs
united in marriage this evening in
Guthrie to Miss Alice Terry, one of tho
best known young ladies of Guthrie.
a. Warren. the street commission,
e. who drew a claim in the new coun-
try, returned last night. He reports
country life all right.
Samuel Murphey better known al
old PEen," is strictly in the chicken
business at present and is fitting up his
pen OF chickens to compete for the blue
ribbon at the poultry show to be held
soon.
Ten Years Ago.
Mrs. J. J. Culbertson and daughter
Miss Emily are spending the week with
DR., and Mrs. Robert X. Walker.
Mrs J. b. Helpton has gone ID
Gainesville, Texas, to spend the holi-
days,
The Lotus club will give their Chrise-
mas dance tomorrow evening at Don,
nelly Reid hall
Mrs. c. NJ Barnes Of Guthrie i, tho
guest OF Mrs, NJ. l., Turner.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18
OUR TRADE AFTER THE WAR.

A GREAT deal Of space is being taken" by financial
a and economic writers in asking what Is to become
of the United States after the war and European
nations compete with this country in foreign commerce
II those writers will look into the details of the trade
OF the United States during the past ten years or any
other period they will observe that the manufacturers and
exporters have been expanding their business at rate
not exceeded by any other nation
Does any writer incline to the belief that the at
the head OF American industry expect to remain idle when
world conditions invite competition from the nations
at war; Not for minute The United States proposes
to lead the world in commerce after the by merely
pcrccting the methods which have already given this
nation its premier position.
While it may be easy for the United State, to make
money while some other nations spending it in com
bat this country did right well along industrial lines
before any started and proposes continue the gait
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18

II says here that a number Of chorus
girls are studying in the New York
public schoo.l in the mornings" said
the Old Fogy.
Huh, commented the Crouch. THAT
only goes to prove that one never grows
too old to learn"
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18
Our Toe Miller Contest

Tom Burns OF the Palace Hotel
claim; that the oldest Joke is the one
about the man who had a barrel of
prohibition booze in his cellar. The
Spigot leaked a little and a pool Of
liquor formed on the floor. A big rat
came out and licked up the whisky
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18
Hard TO Hold.

II a man can look prospcrou, when
he isn't YOU can't keep him down long.
Luke McLuke. Nope, often he gets
up while you've turned around to get
a rope and beats it to Canada-Wil-
mlngton journal Republican.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18
AIlarp'
Be Nice. Fdwardi

We don't know whether he will ac-
cept a position or not But we would
like to have Edward c, Fogg, manager
OF the Hotel BreSln, New York City.
act as manager OF the clubs branch at
london. Enpland
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18
What He Supposed.

Sergeant-Now then, Private Ho-
ganl Why aren't you holding your
rifle in your proper hand?
Private Hogan-Surc olive got q
splinter in me and
Sergeant-Been scra,chin' yer cad,
| 'spose l-Melbourn Punch
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18
That Problem.

Russo Stone OF Wheeling, w. Va,
claims that he has solved the Meet
and Eat" problem He claims that the
landlord will have to serve the dinner
on the seventh dav of the sixtieth week
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18
Is That So7

And does getting married cost so
much money!" asked the young man.
NO. replied the married man. 1T
IS being married that costs so much
money"
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18

The Louisville, ky., branch of the
club will erect a club house and three
contractors in that city will do the work
They are Art Glass. b. A. Mann and B.
A. Kidd.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18
Twenty-Five Years Ago To-day.
One Year Ago Today In the War.

Dec. IS, l9l5-Ford peace party ar
rived at Christiansand, Norway; Great
Britain sent single men of the new vol-
un,cers, from 70 to p years old, TO tho
colors.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18
Huh |

Some girls are dumb and others are
not as bright as they might be. But
what we started to say was that Miss
America Razor, OF Marion, Kan, is
sharp.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18

Reports from Bartlcsvlle the effect thatVaes Of
liquor are decreasing This offers hope that eventually
complete prohibition may envclop that principality
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18

The Austrian ambassador the United States will
not be compelled steal first he is promised his base
balls and will lind necessary beat bunt
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18
Who'll

Lot Lott now deals I'm real estate,
know the young man very well;
Ana or have | heard him orate,
Lot LoE has lots OF lots to sell"
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18

Then he stood on his hind legs, cracked
his heels together, and yelled 90 Now
bring on your doggonc cat
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18
Noticel

C. O. Dunaway, OF lSS North Park
way East Orange, N. J., has been ap-
pointed bill collector for the club.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18
'E0KHM:C0K1
His COLUMN
Copyti6htI9I6
Advice.

Advice.
Too much fool talk" says Sammy
South.
rs sure TO start turmoil.
SO. II YOU must shoot off your mouth.
LOOK out for the recoil"
OH
And how did You happen to come
down in the world this way?" we asked
the ragged beggar, as we slipped him
dime.
Too much advertising was the cause
OF my downfall replied the beggar.
Too much adyertlsing" we ex-
claimed
Yes replied the bcggar. "I was in
business and my competitors did the
advertising"
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18
Hoorayl

We don't care how high fuel goes
this winter. Iona Woodyard of Hunt
ington, W. Va, has Joined the club.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18

The news dispatches advise that James Gilmore, the
baseball magnate is to marry OF the Forodora sex
ctte. by the way, how many hundred young women com
posed that famous sextette1
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18
Our Daily Birthday Party.

DR., Lyman Abbott, noted clergy-
pan, author and editor, born at Rox-
bury, Mass, eighty-one years ago too
.day.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18

Abe Martin tells that good roads lead to good cities
Which suggests that the way to make good cities to
make good roads
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18
Yes. But WhaadY Va Mean2

On negro shack on Carter street
Chattanooga Tenn, appears this sign
"SLEEPERS WANTED"
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18
Our Daily Special.
Luke McLuke Saws

Many A Poor Provider Expects His
Wife to Be a Good Cook.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18

Charles Coughcnhour lives at Hunt
ington, W. Va
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18

Regular Rates.
effective Jnn. |. l9l7D
BY MAIL.
By Mail. one year.. $500
By Mail. One year with
THE NDAY
oKI.AHOMAN .....t75o
Ry carrier outside NJ Ok
iahomn City and interutbRn
towns cents copy or 10
cents per week.
IN OKLAHOMA CITY.
OKLAHOMA CITY TIMES
tevening) and DAILY OK
LAHONAN tmorningl. l3
papers a week. delivered by
carrier IN oklahoma City
and vicinity. per week. 20
cents.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18
SATURDAYS 90 00cI
CIRCULATION -. .AO1OVV
DAILY AVERAGE FOR NOVEMBER 28, 866

LINES WORTH REMEMBERING.
Goodness is the only investment that never
fails.-THOREAU
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18
You Know Him.

A hard luck lad is Henry Han.
Though we'll meaning bloke;
He'd set the world on fire, but all
Ills plans go up in smoke.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18

An eastern newspaper tells in head line Of kick by
. mule that very fatal which would seem to he a
tragedy.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18

Announcement made by the federal board of agrcu-
ure that the tobacco crop of 1915 is of the value of ST.
100000 sigh of relief among the army OF smokers
who feared the crop would not be worth than SO-
100000
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18
Parcel Post.

MY coal IL done"
Phones MIR. Vail.
Please send n ton
by the next mail"
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18

One Hundred Years Ago Today.


l8lo-Gen. Arnold Ely, a d,stin-
guished commander in the confederate
states army, born at Elmwood Md
Died in Baltimore, Feb. q, 1871.
Seventy-five Years Ago Today.
l8l-Thc little British army beseged
in Cabul was threatened with destruc-
ton BY the Afghan rebels
Fifty Years Ago Today.
l866--BritiSh naval training ship
Chichester foundered at sea, with loss
Of many lives
Twenty-Five Years Ago To-day.
l89l-Guion line steamship Abyss
Sinia burned at sea, five days out II
New York; passengers and crew res-
cucd BY the Spree.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18
PREPAREDNESS in the South

Every room in the Peabody hotel.
Memphis, Tenn, contains a sign read
ing as follows:
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18
RIPpLIN0RHYNRS
8YNitMaSon
COPYRIGHT 1919
THE PILGRIMAGE,
CcoYriShtIoio

IT IS a weary road we wend through
| this dim vale OF tears; il harder
grows as We ascend. accumulatng
years, The pilgrim murmurs as he
walks, in voice OF dolcful pitch. 81
spoiled my foot on yonder rocks, and
fell into that ditch, The dust gets in
my aching gllms, I'm pierced BY
grleyous thorns; the dogs come out
and bite my limbs, cows hook me with
their horns. All things terrestrial CON
splrc to make my fife a cross; I'm
frozen, drowned, and singed by fire,
and I'm total loss" Thus through
his pilgrimage he goes, the fretiul
mortal guy; he's always thinking of
his woes, and so they multiply. find
this life a Joyous jaunt, admire its
every curve; IT brings me everything
| want--or all that deserve. For /
am looking all the time for cheerful
things and gay, and consider it a
crime to hunt for grief all day. A
noble painting cheers my mind, in
spires me for the game, and don't
strain my eyes to find a flyspsck on
the frame.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18

The Hotel Company will not be re-
sponsihle for REVOLVERS or jewelry
left in bedrooms.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18

The person guessing closest to tho
time the candle goes out will receive
$40 in cash. Boston Wilson.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-12-18

Twenty Years Ago.
The delegates selected BY the Com-
meroial club to go to the Free Homes
convention are Senator A. c. Scott.
Hon, Sidney Clarke and Hon. o. A.
Mitschcr.
Smyrna times., 1916-05-17

nremen were to consider soon the
purchase of an equipment. Before the
committee Of fremen made a trip to
look into the project. Secretary
Grieves wanted to know the attitude
of Council in the matter of standing
back of cur volunteer boys and be-
coming sponsor for the deal they
might make. He said "the boys"
wanted to purchase the engine them
selves and expected to pay for it in
time with their carnivals. suppers,
subscriptions. &c. All they wanted
the Town Of Smyrna to do was to be-
come their surety until the equipment
was paid for. Council at once agreed
to the plan and left the matter in
charge of Mr.. Grieves to be reported
at a later meeting when the Firemen
should have succeeded in making a
satisfactory deal.
Smyrna times., 1916-05-17
Personal and Social
People Who Come and Go
and Their Social Doings

Mrs. Mollie Richards of Georgetown
has issued invitations to the marriage
on Saturday. June 3rd of her daughter
Miss Edith Richards to Mr.. Walker
L. Miffiin of Dover. The ceremony
will take place in the NJ. E. Church
at Georgetown. The bride o-be is
a sister Of Robert II. Richards of
Wilmington, of Former Secretary CT
State Charles S. Richards, Mrs. Annie
Jones. wife Of Deputy Attorney Gen
eral Frank NJ. Jones. and Miss. Laura
Richards, all OF Georgetown. The
wedding will be attended by friends
from all parts of the State. Miss
Richards is we'll known to many in
Smyrna.
Mr.. Irving Porter has accepted a
position in the Smyrna Postoffiee to
succeed Mr.. Victor Boyer. who resigned
and has accepted a position with the
Midvale Steel Works of Philadelphia.
Mrs. Robert N. Huggins, CT
ThOroughfsre Neck, celebrated on
Wednesday. May 10 her S6th birth
day. A few relatives and friends
called to congratulate her. She re-
ceived quite a collection of cut flowers
pOtted plants and large number of
postal cards. Ice cream and cake
was served.
Miss Elizabeth D. Banes of Phila-
delphis is the guest of Mr.. and Mrs.
w. Grey Deakyne and Miss. Delma
Deakyne. Mrs. Deakyne entertained
for Miss Banes Monday Evening.
Mrs. w. S. COlpitts. formerly of
this town and Clayton. is visiting Mr..
and Mrs. Howard R. Jones.
Rev. j. Dirickson Cummins of
Trinity Parish. New York City. was
a guest Monday of his parents, Post
master and Mrs. A. Lee Cummins.
Mr.. George Collins of Magnolia wa!
visitor to his sister Mrs. Rache
Collins and his brother Mr.. P. P.
Collins.
Mrs. George M. Stevenson ant
daughter Miss Emma Stevenson are
visiting in Philadelphia.
Mrs. Herman P. HAZEL and daugh
ter Miss Beulah F. HAZEL of Phila
delphia motored down Saturday i
the Messick car for an over Sunda
I visit with DIR. and Mrs. w. V. Messick
! Mrs. Hazell left yesterday for Al
: lantic City, N. j.. where she viii
|. spend the summer.
o Miss Edith Humphreys of Me-
e York City spent the weekend on
/. visit to Mr.. and Mrs. William F
Smith.
Smyrna times., 1916-05-17
DOVER MAN KNOCKED OUT

Lewis Slaughter injured in Alteration
With William Tomlinson, DR.. Monday
In an alteration At Dover Monday,
on LOOckerman street. William Tomlin-
son, Jr.. is alleged to have knocked
down Lewis Slaughter. In falling,
Slaughter struck his head against the
stone curbing, rendering him uncon-
scious, in which condition he remained
all Monday afternoon and evening.
Tomlinson was taken into custody
Monday afternoon and held in bail un-
ill Wednesday to await the result of
Slaughter's injuries. The young mer
are members Of well-known Dover
families. The quarrel is said to have
been the outcome of an incident oi
Sunday evening.
Smyrna times., 1916-05-17
sMYRNAs PARENT-TEAcHERs

Stuart BreadV, Publicity Agent of
Pennsylvania Railroad Gives Address
The Parent Teachers Association
met in the High School, Tuesday,
May 9th, at 3. Is p. m. Mr.. Stuart
Bready, a representative of the Penn
sylvania Railroad, gave a helpful
address on Safety First. " A COM
mittee consisting of Rev. J. M. L.
Eckard, Mr.. w. Watson. and Prof. J.
Lester Section. was authorized to
make arrangements for the installa-
tiOn of drinking fountains to be placed
on the second and third floors Of the
school building. Prof. Harmonson
was appointed a committee of one to
see the proper officials about the plac-
ing of certain signs ut street corners
which would indicate "School Dis
tricts. Sec.