davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1916-04-22
DULUTH
Miss Kate o'shaughnessy of Still.

Miss Kate O'Shaughnessy of Still.
water, MIMI, arrived from Hibbing,
Mimi, where she is teaching, to be
the guest for the Easter holidays, of
her brother-in-law and sister, Mr.. and
Mrs. s. ]. Nygren.
DR.. Lee w. Barry will leave the first
part Of the week for Minneapolis, to
take up his three-year work of teach
ing and surgery in connection with
the Mayo clinic, which is being estab.
lished at the state university. Mrs.
Barry and daughter, Helen, will visit
Mrs. Barry's parents at Indianapolis,
Ind, for three months before joining
DR.. Barry at Minneapolis.
Mr.. and Mrs. R. Emmett McKeague
entertained at dinner party in their
home Thursday night in honor of E.
L. Mangold, state organizer of the
Mems Catholic Order.
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1916-04-22

At 9 o'clock in the Pro- Cathedral
the children will sing their Easter car
OILS.
Solemn high mass will be offered at
II o'clock. The choir, assisted by an
orchestra, will present Guimont's
mass. Rev. P. A. Mullens, S. j., Pro.
Cathedral of Chicago, will preach the
sermon.
A collection will be taken on Easter
Sunday for the benefit of the orphans
of the diocese.
There will be evening devotions, a
sermon and benediction on Easter
Sunday evening at 7:45.
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1916-04-22
TWIN CITY NEWS

been organized. A beautiful and in
spring sermon was given by Rev.
James Riordan of st. Paul. Father
Riordan dwelt on the meaning of the
Holy Name and the place He should
have in the mind and heart of every
Catholic. Father Cullen announced
that he was particularly pleased and
very grateful for the manner in which
the men of the parish turned out, and
has set aside the second Sunday in
every month for the members of the
Society to receive Communion.
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1916-04-22
'SIR THOMAS MOORE"
Paper Read Before the Irish History Club By
Miss Anna K. Bryant.

court, without pride. He was executed
on Tower Hill in 1886. His death
was that of Christian martyr BY a
decree of Pope Leo XIII, December 20,
1886, Sir Thomas Moore was de.
clared blessed" together with Cardi-
nal Fisher and fifty-two others who
died for the faith from 1886 to 1888
Read at Irish History Club by Mrs
Anna K. Bryant of Division No. 4,
L. A. A. o. H.
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1916-04-22
HOLY NAME SOCIETY ORGAN
lied AT PRO.CAIhEDRAL.

The Holy Name Society was organ
lied at the Pro-Cathedral of st. Mary
on last Sunday evening, with an enroll
ment of practically five hundred men,
bers. The organization was formed
under the happiest predictions for its
future success. Besides members of
the Pro- Cathedral, there were num-
Der of members present who belong
to other parishes in the city where
the Holy Name Society has not yet
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1916-04-22

Sir Thomas Moore, the most dis
tinguished character in the reign of
Henry VIII, an English statesman and
philosopher, was born in London in
the year 1880. He was the son of
Judge of the Kings Bench. After
graduating at Oxford, he studied at
Lincoln's Inn. Science and literature
had great attractions for him and he
cultivated both with eminent success.
He was a man of true genius and
possessed a mind enriched with all
the learning of his time.
He ranks with Bishop Fisher and
Cardinal Pole among the leading Ro-
man Catholic writer's of the reign of
Henry VIII.
Moore wrote a great number of
devotional treatises and controversial
tracts. Among these may be men.
toned an answer to the work of Luth'
er against the King of England, d.
vided into two books; an explanation
of the Passion of Our Lord, with a
beautiful prayer taken from the
Psalms.
His famous philosophical fiction,
Utopia, is a work still regarded as an
English classic.
After entering parliament, the ability
he showed caused him to be raised to
the dignity of Lord High Chancellor
in 1929 by Henry VIII which office
Moore resigned in 1882 on account
of his opposition to the divorce OF
Queen Catherine. Two years later he
was committed to the Tower, tried on
a trumpedup charge of high treason
Sir Thomas Moore refused to take
the oath of supremacy in which the
king was declared to be the supreme
head Of the church. In prison, some
of his friends endeavored to gain hin
over by representing to him that HI
ought not to entertain any other opin
ion than that of the parliament o
England. Moore said, II should mis-
trust myself to stand alone agains
the whole parliament; but l have Of
my side the whole Catholic church
the great parliament of Christians"
When his wife asked him to ODE,
the king and preserve his life for tn
consolation and support Of his child
rem, he asked, "How many years d
you think l have still to Mve?" Sh
answered, more than twenty" The
he said, "Ah! my wife, do you wis
that exchange eternity for twent
years."
Faithfully and firmly attached
the principles Of the Catholic faitl
he lived amid the splendors of II
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1916-04-22

Rev. Patrick Brennan, who had spent
several years in parish work in Aus
tralia and at one time edited Catho-
lie paper. The West Australian Record.
was recently protested as member Of
the Redemptorist Order in Ireland.
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1916-04-22

Who. when the game of war waa
played
With our trusted leader a treaty made,
And chased our fathers to bog and
fen
Ere the ink was dry on the signer's
pen?
Spoke to the people with angry voice,
1t is hell or Connaught, quick, make
your choice?
Who gave US the landlord to pluck us
bare?
With the agent and bailitf worthless
pair.
Aye! those things were done in the
long ago.
Who were the culprits? We'd like
to know.
Who crushed our industries, stole our
trade,
fOf our fertile valleys desert made?
We toiled from the dawn to set of
sun,
But not ours 1.-THE of the wealth we
won.
Who soft words gave US and promise
fair,
When wars dread rumors were in the
air,
Yet pledge and promise behind them
cast,
When the strife was over, the danger
past?
Aye! those things were done in the
long ago.
Who were the culprits? We'd like
to know.
Who scattered our children the wide
earth DER?
A million decade still fly our shore!
Who dotted our island with famine
graves?
Who made US paupers, would keep us
slaves?
Who ought be thankful if left alive
While greedy placemen grow fat and
thrive.
We must crave crumb upon Bonded
knee,
All else forbidden, to beg we're free.
Aye! those things were done in the
long ago.
Who were the culprits? We'd like
to know.
Who bribed the son to betray the sire,
Who played the bully, the thief, the
liar?
Who deemed our chattels his lawful
prey?
Destroyed what he could not bear
away?
Who made us acquainted with rope
and axe?
Who laid the lash on our naked backs ?
While our hapless isle for the tempt
er's gold
In the open market was bought and
Sold
Aye! those things were done in the
long ago. 7v'
Who were the culprits? We'd like
to know.
Yes, long ago! but our leaders say
There's a different story to tell today
Our prospects are $50 we're told) first
And another year is not long to wait!
Till the war is over, yes, war is hell
And our boys are needed the ranks tc
swell.
For England's honor tits sweet to die!
(Our leaders say so, they would not
lie.)
They pocket their wages, and bid us
go.
Are they going themselves? We'd like
to know.
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1916-04-22
PARTY AND DANCE.

A card party and dance will be CIV
en- by the members of the Sodality of
Holy Rosary Church on Monday even
ing, May 8, at S:15 P. M. Refresh
ments will be served and an admission
of rs cents will be charged.
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1916-04-22

BRITISH CHAPLAIN DECORATED
The president of France has con-
ferred the Cross of an officer of the
Legion of Honor upon Monsignor
Keatinge, senior chaplain of the Brit
ish army in France.
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1916-04-22
Bishops Club,

The Tuesday night meeting of the
Bishops club was arranged by Miss
Gertrude Knauf as follows: Bible
reading, Mrs. Aurelia V. Kelly; explain
alton, Rt. Rev. James McGolrick:
Modern JAPAN" J. F. Wolff; voice,
Miss Rosamond Rissatti; reading, Miss
Alta Utley; current events, Miss Grace
Harrington.
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1916-04-22
Mr.. AND MRS. J. L. o'BRIEN LOSE
INFANT SON.

Gerald Emmett O'Brien, infant son
Of Mr.. and Mrs. John Lewis O'Brien
of 165 Cretin avenue, Merriam Park,
st. Paul, Mimi, died April 10th, in st.
Barnabas Hospital, Minneapolis, MINI.
Funeral was held from the home Wed.
nesday 9 a. m. Interment at st. Mary's
cemetery, Minneapolis, Min.
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1916-04-22

OueftOry-
Christus Resurrexit. u. m. A. Melvil
Hymn No. 80 of The st. Paul Hymnal.
"Alleluia, Alleluia, Let The Anthem
Rise," sung by Congregation.
The April meeting of The Cecilian
Society of Minneapolis will be held on
Tuesday evening, the twenty-fifth, at
the home of Mrs. s. H. Chute, 1924
University avenue southeast.
Miss Lillian Mildred Knott of the
Northwestern Conservatory of Music,
will give the address, Some Interest
ing Phases of School Music Teaching"
with illustrations by some of her pu-
pills taking the normal school course.
The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920, 1916-04-22
EASTER MUSICAL PROGRAM.

st. Lawrence Church, Seventh st. and
Twelfth Ave. S. e.
II A. M.
Before Mass.
Magnificent e. Mario
Quartette and chorus.
Vidi AQuam. ............C. w. Peters
Mass of the Sacred Heart of
Jesus. ...............C has. Goun6d
Veni Creator. ............... Baldwin
Miss Margaret Zeney.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-02-17
BOYS ODD SPELLING is
DUE TO TWIST OF BRAIN
Words for Ones Given Him-"House" Be-
comes "Home," and Papa" "Father'-Is Unable
to Analyze Sounds Properly.

An unusual psychological phenomenon
"A t~en-year-old boy who invariably
spells a given WORD with the letters Of
another that he associates with twas
revealed yesterday afternoon by the ar.
raiEnment Of Morris Eikin Of . East
115th street in the Chiidren's Court be-
lore Justice Collins. The boy Is intellI.
gent looking. When he was brought be.
fore Jwdce Collins ne was asked 10
spell house. Tho boy meditated for q
few moments. and slowly spelled h-o.m.e.
Later Nahum Greenbcrg. an interpre-
ter In the court, whose curiosity was
aroused. o the boy aside for a spelling
Test. Greenberg. In the presence Of sew
eral others. asked Elkin to spell horse.
The boy surprised his auditors BY giving
the letters bay. For mamma he spelled
mother. and for rat. c-a-t
On the supposition that the boys
mental conception Of papa would be
father. Mr.. Greenberg asked the boy to
spell father. This he spelled correctly.
but when he was asked to spell papa
the answer was f-a-t-h-e-r. In a similar
test the boys mental image Of mother
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-02-17
FINDS LONDON BANKS FIRM.
W"nja min >trOnH's Visit ImpPesses
British Financieps.

l"SpuN. Feb. li.-The Times says:
"loAGlu bankers have taken a particular
Interest during the last week in Benja-
IHA N'Tnig, who ami here, We believe.
10 the purpose Of examining for himself
ne Way IN which the war finance OF the
Ales, particularly Of Great Britain. IL
t%ile''ing their monetary position and
Prospect.
III has been given every facility Of
nHe't.l'nu by the hands Of our great
cleartg banks and makes no secret Of
H. admiration for the way in which this
county htnhing system has stood the
Unprecedented strain.
'Nr strong mas gone FOR a few days
- Far,s 10 meet the principal French
hfhNci"rs. He will stay in London again
'sIor" hls return TO New York. lmpor-
'N' r"N dsvclopments for American
banking h-r" are being discussed an "A
i"sNlul' outcome Of Mr.. StrOng's visit"
B""Jimln strong, Jr., governor OF the
ted'1tl Reserve flank OF New York.
sa1"! FOR Europe on February 2. accom-
pdhIIhs j. =. Morgan. Mr.. Strong's
MISSION 10 Europe was at the time said
% b" different from that Of Mr.. Morgan.
IS ms position as a Federal Reserve
sank head would prevent him from par.
ucnttiIs In any plans concerning
american loans to foreign Governments.
ioi "Hl"h purpose Mr.. Morgan Ia be-
ueved 10 he abroad. Mr.. Strong. Il Is
believed, went to London and Paris with
a view to discussing the mobilization Of
American securities.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-02-17
NURSE ACCUSED AS KIDNAPPER.
Arr~strd Alter Taking Dead Sis.
t~r's (hiId From Home.

Miss Ada Il. smith. a nurse. who lives
at SIS Thirteenth street, Flushing. was
arr, s,ed at South Ferry yesterday after
noon charged with kidnapping the three
and-a-half-year-oli son OF Fred A..
Wood, 1874 Gifords lane. Great Kills.
staten Island.
The Chiid's mother. who died a year
ago, was Miss smiths sister. She was
no; married to Wood and Miss Smith
SAYS that on her deathbtd her sister
charged her to take care Of her baby
and said that Wood WAS not the child's
father. Wood denies this, For six
months the aun; has endeavorei tn &c,
custody of the child.
Yesterday on her lawyers advice she
went to Woods home and on pretence
OF taking the child for "a walk put him
on a train for the city. Mr.. Woods
housekecper saw them hoard the train
and %telephnued TO him at his office II.
met the woman with the child at the
ferry house and turned them over to a
policeman.
The child was sent to the 'hildreu's
soci. ~ TO be held until the ,angle can
b. cleared NJ. Miss Smith Will appear
In court To-day.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-02-17
FALL OF CARRANZA
NEAR, U.S.. Is TOLD
Army. without Pay, Looks
for Strong Man to Lead
Revolt.
CONCERN IN WASHINGTON

WASHINGTON. Feb. 16.-fnformatlon TO
the effect that the Carranxa Government
In Mexico Ia nearing a complete down.
fall was received by Government of1-
cials to-day in confidential dispatches
from the Mexican border. Although
officials refused to make any comment
the Information is believed TO arouse
considerable concern in Administration
circles.
Not least disturbing vas the state
ment made In several of the communi.
cations that Carranza followers. unable
to get any pay and facing starvation, are
In a mood for a new revolution the mo-
men, a man strong enough TO lead them
appears on the scene.
In view OF the information received. II
Is thought probable that the American
authorities along the border will be In
structed to maintain extra viligance to
prevent the organization OF any anti
Carranza movements on the American
side and also to prevent the shipment OF
any arms to persons not known to be In
sympathy with the Carranza Govern.
ment.
Representative Egan of New Jersey
presented to Secretary Lansing to-day
three Catholic priests. one n Spaniard,
who pleaded with the Secretary to take
immediate action to save their church
property in Mexico from destruction
They begged that he would not disclose
their names or the location OF their prop
critics for fear that Carranza would
bring vengeance to bear on them.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-02-17
BREAD LINE JOY FINDS HOME.
''IittI~ Sunshin~." With Hind
Mother, Discovers Frie nds.

Little SUNSHINE" the pretty blue eyed
seven-year-old girl who used TO brighten
up THE SuS free bread depot in Prince
street every day. returned Yesterday
after AN absence Of a week or more. but
she did not come for bread this time.
h zane TO tell Tom Merry and Dick
her. tina, some one had learned OF the
distressing circumstances In which she
and her poor blind mother lived in the
rear Of an East Side. tenement and had
found more comfortable quarters for
them .and provided groceries and bread
every day,
And how il your mother now" asked
Tom Merry.
Very well. tlanky man, she said.
= you Won Ia in the bread line
any longer" said Dick bright. NO
man," replied the polite little girl.
1--WE will miss you" said Tom Merry.
u we are glad YOU have found a better
home"
A letter from Tarrytown. y. v. to the
bread depot yesterday said
Please md enclosed 81. Though a
very small sum. | feel sure that II can
bread line these cold winter days.
With kind thoughts and good wishes
for the poor unfortunates o meet
every day. l.. A.. =.
Harry II. Goldsmith. 23s Fourth ave-
nue., sent "A check for IS "F. W. H." sent
So, and "Reader OF THE SUN" Sent 81.
A thousand loaves are given away
daily.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-02-17
FOR PREPAREDNESS
WITHOUT POLITICS
L. :. Naval Board Member
Tells Mining Engineers "Ef-
f%iciency's the Thing"

Preparedness was the Keynote Of the
annual Inner Of the American Institute
of Mining Engineers last night at the
Hotel Astor. The speakers gave their
definitions OF the idea as applicable to
their profession and br. L. n. Baeke-
land. a member OF the United States
Naval Consulting Board and the guest
Of honor. expressed his views forcibly.
There are diTeren, kinds Of pre-
p~aredness." he said. land all of them
are not the kind We engineers want
Too many preparedness discussions are
only preparedness for the next election.
We don't want that kind w want etii-
cheney. I have been called "A mugwump
for the way I vote. and ! fear I shall die
u mugwump II people 80 IN playing
politics the way they are doing now
! am a Belgian by birth and sometimes
! am glad was not born in this coun-
Try. appreciate IL more. Some Amer
leans tax. their blessings for granted
instead Of realizing that they are theirs
only by the accident of birth
Dudley Field Malone advocated as a
measure Of preparedness the passage OF
laws bensh,ing the working people In
order that they may be- loyal through
gratitude In tim. Of war.
Along the lin" Of preI,a reduesS Dr.
william |. Saunders. the retiring presi-
dent. displa yed four sentries armed with
popguns. Private No. - duty was Ia
shoot on sight any speaker taking more
than ten minutes No. . was to shoe,
any speaker read ne his speech. and
the others had to watch out for those
who talked science or who went to sleep
The last three had little to do. but Pri-
waite No; ! nearly wore the spring Out
of his rifle.
other speakers were Vice-P President
! william Mcclellan of the American In.
stitute Of Electrical Engineers. and col
Alexander VI. Hay Of the canadian Min
ing Institute Among the guests were
ur. T.. l., cortlicll. president Of III.
American SOCIETY Of civil Engineer
Dr. Gauo Dunn Of the United Engineer
ing society, II. Mortimer Lamb OF the
Canadian Mining Institute, I.ieut.-tol T.
W. Van q. Lucas. Rear Admiral y. X
Usher. president II. :. Irinker Of l.ehigf
University. ex-senator samuel Guggen.
helm. President John II. Mac'racken o!
l.afs yette college. Prof, Albert Sauveur
Of Harvard, Prof r. ". Richards u!
the Massachusetts institute Of Technol'
! ogy. Prof. Arthur :. Walker Of 'olum.
bia. Prof. Alfred {. Lane of Tufts col
lege, Prof. l.. g. Grafton OF Harvard
Van II. Manning. director of the United
States bureau OF mines George oti'
smith. director Of the United States
Geological Survey ,Junius Parker. Johr
II. Patterson and James 'ouzens.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-02-17
ICE CARNIVAL FOR CHARITY.


i'lans at. under way for an elaborate
ice carnival 10 h. held at the ~. Nicho-
las Rink next Wednesday evening for
the b.ieft Of the Greater New York
Committee for Relief In Belgium.
The programme will include several
inter esiing features, among them .
hockey match between members Of the
Union and Knickerbocker clubs, which
vii, be refereed by Hobart A. H.. Baker :
exhibition figure skating arranged by
Irving Brukdw and general skating
under the supervision Of Mrs. Bargcr
Wallach.
B.rnon :. Prentice is chairman Of thu
committee Of arrangements. which in
Guides Clarence q. Pell. John q. Mil
burn. Jr.. George Il. Wagstaff. Robert
L. Wreun. Francis Roche. IRober; l..
Bacon. tourtlandt II. Moss, Harrison
Tweed, !. Victor bnat:via. Jr.. and
Thomas Slidcl. Among the ~pa,ronesses
al" Mis-. Oliver Iselin. Mrs. I,evereux
Miihurn. Mr.. G;corg" Whitney. Mrs.
Kenneth r. Schiey, Mrs, clarence C.
Fell. Mrs. Bernon :. Prentice. Mrs.
charles e. AuChin'loss. Mrs. Irving Bro
kaw. Miss carol Hartman. Mrs. Lewis
tass l.sdyard and Miss Harriet Alex
aui.r.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-02-17
X AGAINST WASTE.
Lord >hauGhn~sss Says Added bur.
den VIII Make People Watchful.

MoNTTs,L.. Que. Feb. iS.-The fol-
lowing statement was issued to-day 10y
Lord Shauchnessy. president of the
Canadian Pacific Railway:
Tn" war has, as We AL knoa. added.
and will for some time continUe. 10 add.
important financial burdens to those that
the country was already carrying, and
The Mil .ster OF Finance ia compelled to
resort 10 drastic methods Of taxation
fur the purpose of meeting the si;ua-
ton.
The measure now before the House
would appear to he about the most feas.-
BILE means Of providing the additional
revenue required. bu, II strikes me that
II has some features requiring eluciia-
zion and that Sir ThMnis White would
he inclined To amend before the bill be-
comes Law. II may be pointed out thai,
II the amount paid upon its capital
stock IL TO be determined b! the share
,ap.tal actual! issued as fully paid
some Of our Canadian companies, all
though making large profits Just now.
viii have oceans Of water between their
net revenue and the proposed tax. while
Others, like the Canadian Pacific. for
Instance. have outstanding capital stock
less In amount thar the money actually
paid for II. without reference to appro-
p~r!atiuns from rcvcnue for capital ex-
penditures.
Every good citizen and reasonable
man will 10y ally stand pack OF the
Finance Minister in the adoption of the
plan ~ taxation that may finally be con-
sidered best in the circumstances, but IN
return the people of the country will
demand. probably more emphatically
than ever before. that expenditures In
connection with war shall he with
out wastefulness or extravaganza, and
that the Minister Of Finance. with his
colleagues, shall see that the ooun-
,ry's money is neither pilfersd nor
squandered."
W. W. Butler. presiden, OF the Ca
madam car and Foundry Company. Ltd.
commenting on the budget taxation to-
night, said
Il have never seen water quite so
valuable before. II Is a little hard on
those Of Ms who are operating on more
tangible assets. but what's the use Of
complaining? We have got to raise the
money. ! uould III. to emphasize that
the Government need no; expect to get
big returns from munitions taxes in
future. Where the money will com from
will be from taxes Oh past profits.
ZIP TO three months ago shells were
made in Canada at big pronts. To-
day they are not. Manufacturers say
canada Is being required by the shell
commission TO furnish shells at a lower
rate thar the manufacturer in the
United States. so that Canadians sim
ply are not making the profits OH which
to pay taxes. and they continually have
to contribute to patriotic funds"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-02-17

or m apparently was m.o-t-h-e-r.
The report Of the case submitted TO
Justice Collins stated that there was q
peculiar defect in the sound centre Of
the boys brain and that IT was iinpos-
s!ble for him to analyze complex sounds.
This disturbance. the report said. be-
longed to a group Of conditions that
often resulted in alexia. This afhiction
at times develops seriously. The pa
tient knows what he wishes to Va but
Is unable to express himself In phonetic
sounds. In rare cases he is able to
understand what Ia said to him. able 10
read printed or written characters and
can transcribe his thoughts. In o In.
stances persons have been known to re-
tain the ability to read music but could
not read combinations Of letters. words
or sentences.
The hoy was brought to court in Oc-
tober. 1915. charged with being habitu-
ally disobedient, lie frequently played
truan from school and remained away
from home until late at night. He has
been TO our several times n has
been paroled. The probation officers
will endeavor to place him In a new
school to-day. away from his former
companions.