Norwich bulletin., 1916-11-17
THE WAR PRIMER By National Geographic Society

NaupIia-"It is an interesting coin cidence," says today's war geography bulletin issued by the National Geo. graphic Society from its Washington headquarters. that one of the most important places in Greece where King Constantines cause has been openly supported by the populace against the Venizelists in their revo- lutionary movement to force a decla- ration Of war on the siGee of the En- tente Allies, is -Nauplia, the almost fmpregnabIe seaport situated at the head of the Gulf of Naupia in eastern Morea Qhe district known in ancient times as Peloponnesus.)
 The coincidence lies in the fact that Naaplia was the first capital of the modern kingdom of Greece; it was here that the first Greek president, John Capo o'1stria, a native of the is- land of Corfu, was asSassinated, and 1t was here that in 1862 military plot was matched which, resulted in the de- thonement of King Otho, thus making way for the election of the second son of King Christian K of Denmark, who became George I. king of the Hellenes, and father of the present ruler
 Nauplia IS a cIarmingly situated town of some 6,Q00 inhabitants. It has a salubrious climate and guide books, regardless of the offense with such praise may give to the rest of the nation, emphasize as one of the striking features of the municipality the un-Grectan cleanliness of it's streets
 Like the neighboring city of AIyc- enae, Naupiia reached it's greatest inn portance in the era of myth and leg end. By the dawn cf historical times it had waned in influence and popu- lation, and the historian Pausanias, writing in 15O A. D., described it as a deserted city,
 founded not by colonlsts from Argos and Mycenae, the two important ad- jacent cities Of the plain. but by set tiers who arrived by sea. The very name of the city would seem to sug- gest this-Narplios meaning seaman while the lofty fortified eminence which dominates the harbor takes it's name, Palamidi, from the foreign Palamedes, famous hero of the Tro- jan War and the inventor according to the ancients, of tie lighthouse, al- phabetical writing, the discus, back gammon, and dice.
 Through that period in which Ath- ems, Sparta, Corinth and Thebes were amblazoning their names on he pages Of ancient history Nauplia's share in PeloponnesiaR politics was obscured by larger affairs. In the Middle Ages, however the seaport once more came to the fore and when the Crusaders took Constantinople in 10 the Byzan- tine governor Leon Sguros attempted to found a Greek monarchy with his headquarters here. The effort met with failure but the town remained in Greek hands for several years. It finally passed under the contlol of the F2iranks and was made the capital of the duchy of Argos. During this per iod the feudal system was eStab ablish- ed in the Morea-
 Tn the closing years of the 14th century both Argos dnd Naupna were bought by the Venetians and 150 years later the latter was given to the Turks, but retaken by the republic of St. Mark in 1686. The Turks were again in control 30 years later. Both the Turks and the Eenetians labored to fortify the Palamidi, which was eventually held to be a veritable Gibraltar In their uprising of 1922 the Greeks captured this stronghold, an achievement which greatly en- couraged them. Five years later, by the famous victory of Admiral Coz rlngton, in command of a united Brit ish, French and Russian fleet, over the Turkish fleet at Navarino Nau- plia was relieved at critical moment in a siege.
 ''The tragic death of the first presi- dent, Capo o'Istria, by gunshot and dager, at the portal of the Church of St. Spiridion, on October 9th, 1881, has been mentioned previously. With to Athens the year following the croWnfng of King Ctho in 1888, and the success of the military plot hatch ed here against this monarch 29 years later, Nauplia once again disappeared as date line for historic events until few days ago when the kings party made an armed demonstration against former Premier Venizelos' adherents
 'Nauplia is often visited by tour lsts not only for its own sake but because it affords an excellent start ing point for excursion to the ruins of founded by Perseus; whose walls were built by the Lycian Cyc1opes, and which was the home of Agamemnon famous leader of the Greeks in the Trojan War. From Nauplia also it is only a short drive to Tiryns, reported to be the birthplace of Hercules, son of Zeus and Alomene. Heraeon, the place at which the leaders of the Greeks swore their allegiance to Agamemnon, and where KIeobis and
 Elton lay down 10 their eternal sleep after having taken the places of tardy horses to draw the chariot of their priestess mother, is equally accessi-
 ble. Only short distance from here, too, is the famous Herion of Epidau- ros, celebrated as the seat of the cult VI <1oSCttidpluS, the goa or healing,
 who mythology says was born to Koro onis and Apollo on nearby mountain To the temple of Herion was attach l ed a great hospital in which the priests were physicians and which
 was supported by the lavish gifts of
 patients who had been cured. The | treasury of this hospital was footed
 on one occasion by the Roman dtcta- l tor Sulle, who used the money to pay his soldiers.
 'The harbor-cast1c of Naupiia. whose modern name Is Itsk- -Kaleh, oc- i cupiee the site of the ancient acropo- lis. The steep southern slope of .he
 hfll f2So feet high) is covered with. a dense growth of cactf." More impressive. Vienna newspapers have 1t that 1 Count de TarnoW-Tarnnuslri h,a haor