The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1916-02-10
Regarding the use of different fungi.

ASseAso may VIC GAPeSh~o aSSoidiuk w
time of application and the conditions
to which the trees are subjected. We
have found that Bordeaux and lime
sulphur cannot be surpassed as fungi
cides. but injury may be expected un-
der certain conditions already referred
to. Soluble sulphur has given US Sc
vese defoliatisn at the usual strength,
as has been the experience Of many
growers and of other experimenters in
different parts Of the country. Atomic
sulphur is not likely to cause much in
jury when its use is begun while the
foliage is young. but in cool weather
it seems to me much less efficient as a
fungicide than the standard materials,
while if the. first application is made
late in the spring. according to some
growers, a considerable leaf-dropping
may follow. A new preparation tried
out for only one season, Barium-sul-
phur. seemed to give fairly satisfac-
tory scab control with the least injury
of any substance. tried. :, Further tests.
however, should be made before any
general adoption of this material can
be advised.
1t is evident from the foregoing that
the intelligent grower must base bis
spraying methods upon knowledge of
the disease, and the factors that in
1uence it, together with an under
standing of the materials that may be
employed for fungicides and the condi.
tions under which they may be safely
used. There is absolutely no question
but that apple scab can be successfully
controlled if the fruit and foliage are
properly protected. Spray, injury may
not always be avoided, but much of it
can be prevented by wise selection of
the material to be used at any particu-
lar stage.
We have found in our scab control
experiments lime-sulphur gave the
better results with less injury than
any other funghlde which has been
used throughout the season, and we
therefore recommend it to those who
prefer sticking to one kind Of material
throughout.
The first application for safety ought
to be given just after the cluster buds
unfold and before the leaves get to be
much larger than squirrels ears. This
"semi-dormant" application gave an
increase of from 80 to 60 per cent in
clean fruit over plots sprayed first in
the pink" in one of our Hood River
orchards this year. We'used lime.su
phur, 1-20, and added nicotine sui,
phate preparation to take care of the
insects. Some burning was expert.
enced and possibly slight dwarfing Of
the first leaves. but the injury was in.
significant in view of the benefit
derived.
The second application should be
made in the pink" stage, that is just
before the blossoms open. Here we
used lime-sulphur 1-35 with good re-
suits. Bordeaux caused russeting ir
our plots last season where used al
this time, contrary to the usual expec'
tations.
The third spray is the e"calyx" spray,
applied when most of the petals have
fallen. Lime-sulphur l-35. with arse
nate of lead for codling moth should be
used.
The fourth spray should be giver
about ten days later. Under average
conditions lime-sulpLur 1856 seems te
give the most satisfactory results.
A fifth spray ought to be applied q
month after blosoming and. where the
down had disappeared from the fruit,
especially in the case of varieties mol
extremely subject to russeting. Bor
deaux may be used in the $3.50 OF
a-4-50 strength. The omission of this
application is not safe in most apple
sections. Lime-sulphur 1885 may. oi
course, be used where burning is moi
feared.
The summer season is rarely favor
able to scab, and where the orchard
has been we'll taken care of in the
spring there will be little trouble from
serious new infections in the average
fall. 1t would be safer, of course, t.
protect the fruit with all application
of Bordeaux or lime-sulphur some time
in August or early September. If the
foliage is we'll covered in the fall from
the start few leaves would receive the
infections which ordinarily result ir
the development of the winter stage
In other words, the primary spring in
fection might be materially reduced
The majority of previous experiments
with fall spraying have been begur
too late to be effective.
During the past season. bad as it has
been. many growers from different
sections of the state have secured 6
crop of 80 to 95 per cent clean fruit
when their neighbors had only s to q
per cent free from apple scab. with
only spraying to account for the differ.
ences. Whenever there was failure in
spraying it is attributable in practi.
cally all cases either to failure to have
the trees protected at some critical
time or to lack of thoroughness in
doing the work. Apple scab can be
controlled in this state or any other
when "the right materials are used in
the right way and at the right time"
How Mr.. Davis got rid of bad Cough
Sometime ago l had very bad
cough" writes Lewis T. Davis, Black
II. L.