Judsonia weekly advance., 1916-09-06

\A the inner city of Lelnberg " W were dismantled In 1911 and
 the space which they Occu- pied was converted into promenades for the prosperous citizens of this modern Galician capital of 100000 in- habitants, it was doubtless assumed by many that, having suffered "the sling and arrows of outrageous for tune" for the five centuries of its municipal existence, fate would allot 1t surcease from siege and capture. says the bulletin of the National Geo. graphic society.
 Lying 60 miles almost due east of Przemysl, and more than 450 miles northeast of Vienna, Lemberg Is sit an affiuent of the Bug. It nestles in a small valley which opens to the north, and is surrounded by hills, the most picturesque being the well-wood- ed Franz-Josef Berg to the northeast. To the east, a distance of miles, is Tarnopol, near the Russian border, one of the first points of attack when the Muscovites pushed beyond the Galician frontier.
 A description of the modern city of Lemberg as it existed In August, 1914, requires many notifications today, for the scars of war are to be found in its many handsome homes its broad, we'll paved streets; it's Roman Catholic cathedral, handsome gothic structure completed in 14S0; it's Greek cathedral, completed in 1779; its Armenian cathedral in the Byzantine style. dat ing back to 1437, and its magnificent monuments to such Polish patriots as King John III Sobieski who, after having saved Lemberg from the Turks a few years previously, In 1883 saved all Europe from Mohammedan lnva- sion by routing an army of 300,OOU Turks encamped about Vienna, his own force numbering only 10000.
 Nearly 700 Years Old.
 Called Lwow in the Polish tongue and Leopolis in Latin, Lemberg was founded by Ruthenian prince in l259. Nearly a hundred years later 1t was added to the domain of Casimir the Great, who bestowed upon the city the charter and privileges widely known during the middle ages as the Magdeburg Right.
 Following the fall of CnnHtantinople, Lemberg enje3seeaa a revfS of trade with the East, but 1t was caught In the maeLstfom of rebellion and pillage which swept over the Ukraine and 2 part of Poland during the last half of i the seventeenth century, when the Cos sack hetman, Chmielnicka, was direct. i ing the infamies of the "serfs' fury"
 Lemberg was one of the Polish cities to fall before the arms of Charles XII l of Sweden when the ill-advised Au. gustus II was drawn into the Great Northern war, which devastated cen tral Europe for the first 20 years of the eighteenth century. In 1772, upon the first partition of Poland, Lemberg be came an Austrian possession, and l. years after this event Joseph II es tablished the University of Lemberf which, at the time of the outbreak o1 the present war, had more than 2,OOt students.
 One of the most attractive parks o, Lemberg, and a favOrite promenade bears the name of the Polish patriot Jan Kilinski, humble little shoe maker, who fought bravely in 1796 was captured and taken to St. Peters burg. After his release he returned to his shoemaker's bench and In hi leisure hours wrote his recollectiOns, valuable record of this period of hi country's history.
 Since the establishment of the Ga lician diet in 1861 Lemberg has en joyed increasing prosperity. It's manu factures include machinery and iron ware, matches, candles, liqueurs chocolate, leather, bricks and tiles while it's commerce is largely in linen lax, hemp, wool and oil.
 Iii 1907 two interesting finds wer made in the vicinity of this city b,