davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04
S0WS' BEDDING OF
GREAT IMPORTANCE
No Reason for Deep Layer in
narrowing Pen During Mild
Weather of Autumn.

There is no reason for 8 deep layer.
Of bedding over the floor OF a farrow-
ing pen this time Of year. Large sows
especially are more liable to lie on
their pigs If the bedding is thick. A
lighter and more active SOW can wade
around better without walking on the
little ones, but even in her case there
is more risk OF losing pigs when much
bedding is used than there is when lit
tie is used.
OF course a fresh supply Of clean,
dry bedding just before narrowing time
Is important in furnishing clean and
wholesome surroundings for the pigs
when they are very young-starts them
OF in good health-but the quantity
need not be great. Cleanliness is the
important thing. This is no time in q
pigs life to make him rough it.
The guard rail around all sides Of
the pen is another matter we cannot
afford to forget. A convenient guard
rail is one fastened to the wall with
hinges so it will swing up out Of the
way when not needed. When in use it
is supported at right angles with the
wall by short legs resting on the floor.
The cid kind built to stay is depend
able and saves the pigs.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04
GOOD
EXPERIMENT IN GOOD ROADS
Square Yards Of Different Types
in 1e12-1913.

Over 100000 square yards Of differ
ent types of roads for experimental
and Object-lessOn purposes were con-
structed during the fiscal year 1912
1913 under the supervision of the Of
fee of public roads, United States de-
partment of agriculture, according to
Bulletin 50 of the department, making
a total of over 100000 square yards
Of road constructed under the super
vision of this Office since 1905.
The types of roads built were brick,
concrete, oil-cement concrete, bitumi-
nous concrete, bituminous-surfaced
concrete, bituminous macadam, sur
face treatment, macadam, asphalt-slag,
il-asphalt-gravel, oil-gravel, OiI-coral-
inc, gravel-macadam, gravel-slag, sand
clay, sand-gumbo, burnt clay, shell and
earth. The object lesson and expert
mental work during the past year was
done at a cost to the local communities
of $139,841.S9. This does not include
the salaries and expenses of the de-
partment engineers.
The road work during the year was
done in Arkansas. Florida, Georgia,
Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, Ne
braska, North Carolina, South Dakota,
Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin
and the District of Columbia.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04

Other factors, though of less i'm
portance, that should tend to increase
the future production OF live stock are
greater economy in the use OF forage
both on the range and on the farm, the
use of more and higher grade bulls
and better management OF the breed
ing animals through the year. The
last two, it is said, offer the posi-
bility of increasing the calf crop 5 or
10 per cent and the average weight OF
twO-year-old steer perhaps 30
pounds.
Where winter feeding is practiced it
is believed that a yearling steer viii
cost approximately $50 and a '1ong"
twO-year-old $45. In the range sec
tons of the Southwest, on the other
hand, the costs may be estimated at
from $15 to SO for a yearling and
from $50 to S25 for a two-year-old.
With sheep there is a similar varia-
ton. In California the cost of pro-
ducing a lamb is placed at $1.55, in
the Southwest at Sill and in the
Northwest at -$1.82. In considering
these figures it must be remembered
that they all may be materially al
tered by increasing or diminishing the
percentages Of births in the herds
and focks. Better methods, it is
pointed out, will almost certainly in
crease the calf and lamb crops and
in this way reduce the cost OF pro-
ductiOn per head.
In estimating these costs the inves-
tigators charged against the stock the
market value In the vicinity of all the
feed consumed. In this way the ne
ceSSity of considering the money in
vested in land and equipment was
eliminated but, on the other hand, al
lowing the stock owner a profit on
the feed increases somewhat the esti-
mated cost of producing animals. As
the owner might not get his profit. on
the feed If he did not raise stock to
utilize it, the actual profits In stock
raising are probably somewhat greater
than the difference between the mar
ket price Of the animals and the re-
ports estimates OF the cost OF produc-
ton.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04
! I'VE
STOCK
RUSTED STRAW FOR FEEDING
Value Demonstrates by Experiments
Made by Canadian and Other
Experiment Stations

There has evidently not been much
Investigation on the effect OF rust on
straw as TO its feeding value Most OF
the analyses made show that rust in
creases the feeding value OF the straw.
The Dominion experiment station in
Canada and the experiment stations In
North Dakota and Minnesota, have
found that the rusted straw has a
larger feeding value than rust-free
straw. The analysis made at the
North Dakota experiment station one
year, however, showed that the straw
had a decreased feeding value. The
reason for an increase feeding value
is explained by the fact that the plant
first produces the nOurishment in the
stem and leaves and later passes it up
into the head to fill out the kernels.
The rust interferes with this food
little the same effect as cutting the
grain for hay.
The value OF the rusted straw de-
ponds on a good many factors, among
which are the time at which rust
strikes the crop, how the straw is
cured, and whether it has any shriv-
eled grain in it Cases have been re-
ported in which animals have been
harmed by being fed rusted straw.
One way to determine if it is harm
full is to feed it TO a few of the less
valuable animals for q week or two
and observe the effect that it has on
them. Some other rOughage should be
fed with the rusted straw and do not
make a sudden change from other
feed to rusted straw. Shaking the
straw to remove the dust as far as pos
sible is also advisable. Observe the
animals, that are being fed rusted
straw to see what effect it has on them.
North Dakota Experiment Station.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04

PREPARED by the United States Depart
ment OF AgricuIture.)
The output of beef and mutton in
the range country of the West should
slowly increase from now on, in the
opinion Of specialists Of the United
States department of agriculture, who
have conducted an exhaustive study Of
the meat situation in the United
States. The chief reason for a de-
cline in recent years, the specialists
say, is the Settlement of public lands
and a consequent reduction in range.
While other causes have contributed
to Iessened meat production in the
West, they have been more than Offset
by rising prices and the greater prof
its in cattle raising, as well as by a
general agricultural development
which has made for winter feeding
and pasturing on cultivated crops.
The prediction that this decrease
hereafter will give way to an increase
is based upon the belief that the
amount of live stock on farms and
homesteads will be greater in the fu-
ture, that the stock ranges in the ma
tional forests will continue to i'm
prove, that the carrying capacity Of
the stock ranges on the public domain
may be increased by legal regulation,
and finally that high prices of range
animals and better methods will re-
suit in a more efficient utilization of
the available forage, or, in other
words, a greater production per unit
of forage.
In 1914 it was estimated that no
more than 80 per cent of the new set
tiers had more live stock than was
necessary to supply them with milk
and mich animals. The situation in
this respect, however, was changing
even then, and the movement for the
production of more live stock may be
expected to continue because both
market and agricultural conditions
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04
Excitement Caused Death.

A fatality OF uncommon occurrence
took place OF Buehie (Scotland) har-
Dor some days ago. and the matter was
afterwards ventilated in court through
a prosecution Instituted against a SOL
der for attempted suicide. Many peo-
pie witnessed the affair, among others
a lad OF tender years named Nc VIII
liams- An OnlOOker finally jumped In
and rescued the drowning soldier, al
though It was stated that the latter
resisted. McWilliams, however, be-
came so worked up with excitement
as he viewed what was going on in
the water that his nervous system
gave way. He fell down IN q 1T and
died on the spot A peculiar fea-
ture OF the matter is that the soldier
was saved and subsequently prose
cuted as mentioned.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04
GIVING MEDICINES TO SWINE
BY Using Old Shoe With Hole Cut In
Toe, There Is Little Danger
Of StraHguIation.

If it should be necessary TO admin
lister medicines TO a hog. simply cut
small opening in the toe Of an old
shoe. have an attendant hold hog in
as natural a position as possible. In
sert toe Of shoe in mouth, pour drench
In shoe carefully, and the hog win do
the rest (of course powders should be
hquefied with water)- By this method
there is practically no danger Of
strangulation, no danger Of breaking
drenching horn or bottle or any other
vessel that may be used, the hog in
trying to eject shoe from mouth VIII
simply swallow.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04
Takioo acensusH of eirds.

The United States biological survey
is now making its third annual count
Of birds, with the aid OF volunteer emu
meratorS all over the country. Each
enumeration undertakes TO count the
number Of breeding pairs OF each spe-
cies found on a selected area OF 20
to so acres, and the count actually con-
sistS In an enumeration OF the male
birds found in the course Of q few
early morning Reconnaissance. From
the figures thus obtained estimates are
made Of the bird population in the va
rious sections OF the country. This
year the survey Is making q special
effort to obtain statistics from the
semiarid desert and mountain regions
Of the West, and also from the fruit
districts Of the Pacific coast and the
South Atlantic and Gulf states.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04
CONCRETE ROADS IN HAWAII
Fine System of Highways Being De-
VeioPed on IsIands-Paradise
Offered to Motorists.

Z A large increase in visitors to the
Hawaiian Islands this year has
brought prominently to the front the
vital question of good roads. The Sec
ond city of the territory, Hilo, has led
the way, and has already constructed
handsome concrete bouleyards leading
from the wharves throughout the bust
ness section The outlying districts,
under the management of a progress
sive local government, have put their
highways in thorough order, and auto
mobiles may now enjoy on the big
island, some hundreds of miles of per-
feet macadam surface through the
most magnificent scenery. With q
choice of every variety of climate,
from the fully tropical to the eternal
SHOWS of the high mountains, the
island of Hawaii offers a motoring
paradise without a peer in the world.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04
PLANS TO PRESERVE MANURE
Put It Together in Water-Tiaht Pit
Outside StabIe-of Importance
to Save Liquid.

For horses and dairy cows, perhaps
the best method OF preserving the ma
nure is to put it together into a water
tight pit outside the stable, into which
the urine can be drained If sufficient
bedding is not used to absorb it. It
is important that the urine and the
dung be kept together, as neither by
itself is a weIl-balaneed manure.
If cattle are to be kept in stables
or covered sheds, the best method for
preserving the manure IS to make the
floors water tight with sliding man
gers. and use plenty OF bedding. The
manure viii be kept packed by the
continual tramping OF the animals, so
that no loss through heating and fer
mentation occurs, and the urine VIII be
entirely absorbed.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04
Sheep Grazing in Madison National
Forest, Montana.

make this indispensable to really sue
cessful farming. The change will be
gradual, it is said, and only a few
head of stock will be added TO a
farm, but ultimately and in the aggre-
gate the increase will be greater than
that which is likely to be accomplished
in any other way. The problem for
the states and the national govern
ment, it is said, is to aid in the change
by working out q system which viii
make such agriculture profitable.
In addition TO this increase in the
numbers OF farm stock, there is little
doubt that the carrying capacity Of
the existing ranges can be greatly en-
larged. This has been demonstrated
in the national forests, where i'm
proved methods and regulation have
increased the capacity OF many ranges
from 10 to 80 per cent. This process
should continue for at least ten years
more, and should result in building
up the carrying capacity Of the nation
al forests as a whole by perhaps 10
per cent.
If similar control could be exercised
over the public domain outside OF the
forests, it is estimated that the capac-
ity of these ranges could be increased
about 80 per cent. About half OF this
would result from the improvement in
the range itself after overstocking
and premature grazing were prevented
and natural reseeding facilitated. The
remainder would follow water devel-
opment, the construction of fences and
the Introduction Of methods Of hand
ling stock which are out OF the ques-
ton as long as the Improvement OF
conditions on the range merely pro-
videS an incentive for new men TO
crowd in and undo by overstocking
whatever good has been accomplished.
The carrying capacity of these ranges
has greatly diminished in the past,
and under the present system there is
no reason for suppOsing that il win
increase In the future.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04
SHOULD STORE YOUR FRUIT
M. F. Ahearn CT State Agricultural
College Also Advises Storing of
Vegetable Crops.

Be prepared to meet the high cost
of living by storing fruits and yege-
tables now, is the advice of NJ. F.
Ahearn, professor of landscape gar
dening in the Kansas State Agricul-
tural college.
do not pay winter prices for fruits
and vegetables" said Professor
Ahearn, when by simple reorgani-
Zation of the cellar or some digging
in the garden, storage room can be
provided for the preservation of large
quantities of this class Of food.
IF the fruit shrivels or becomes
spongy and decays the fault in most
cases can be traced to the storage
room and may be corrected wholly
or in part. The cellar must be well
ventilated if fruit is to be kept sue
cessfully for any length of time. Tenn
perature and humidity are factors
quite as important as ventilation. The
best temperature for fruit is 80 de-
grees or a little above"
Favorable conditions of moisture
and temperature are obtained by bury
ing the fruit in pits, points out Pro-
fessor Ahearn. To prevent apples
tasting of the earth they should be
placed in boxes, barrels or other con-
tanners which keep them from direct
contact with the soil, or the pit may
be lined with boards.
Storage requirements for vegetables
differ widely. The sweet potato and
the squash are kept successfully only
when the temperature is high and con-
slant and the humidity is low. Root
crops and cabbage can best be stored
in pits. For storing cabbage in this
manner the heads are pulled with the
roots and leaves attached, and placed
upside down. Earth is placed on the
pile until the plants, including the
roots, are entirely covered
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04
CAMPAIGN IN WEST VIRGINIA
"eet Out of the Mud" is Slogan Used
in Behalf of Better Roads
Motorists Are Wanted.

sect Out of the Mud" is the slogan
used in West Virginia in a campaign
in behalf of better roads. Several
counties have recently voted favorably
on bond issues for road improvements,
and these words played an important
part in the activities of good-roads
advocates preceding the elections. The
slogan was employed as the refrain to
song in one election. Good roads
advocates in West Virginia say that
satisfactory highways will bring in
many motorists, as the mountain seem
cry of the state is of rare beauty.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04
Prize Winning Sow Owned by Missouri
Agricultural College.

q bushel, wheat may be proftably sub
stituted for corn if the wheat is worth
90 cents or less. Likewise If corn is
worth so cents per bushel, wheat is
worth S1.O3 bushel as hog feed.
1t has been further shown that pork
may be produced more cheaply by
adding a small amount Of tankage to
a mixture OF corn and wheat than by
feeding these feeds without such a
supplement.
For example, the cost Of producing
100 pounds OF pork with corn and tank
age was 90 cents less than when corn
alone was used This would mean an
additional profit to the producer of
500 or more on each carload OF hogs
fed.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04
AeropIanes for ExpIorera.

AerOplanes are TO be included in the
equipment OF an exploring expedition
that is setting out from BuenOs Aires
10 study a little-knOwn region which
includes Mar Chiquita, a lake having
an area OF some 1000 square miles, To-
Gated about $50 miles northwest of
BuenOs Aires It is the belief OF the
explorer that with aeroplanes it will
be. possible TO secure panoramic pho
tographs which viii prove invaluable
in showing the topography and ge-
ography Of the cOuntry-POpular Ne
chanics Magazine.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04
TAKE GOOD CARE
of the. Stomach
IT WILL PAY YOU
When weakness develops
Remember ---
HOSTETTER'S
Stomach BitteFS
Strengthens InVigorates
The genuine has Private
Stamp over the neck OF
Bottle. Insist on having it
Strengthens InVigOrates
Careful Wins SUE

After trial in the United States
District Court OF Chicago. before Judge
Carpenter and a federal jury, the jury
found the American Medical AssOcia-
ton guilty OF libeling Cardul. the wom-
ans tonic, which they had denounced
as a "nOStrum-"
This is a vindication OF the medicine
and a proof that IL has merit, which
was recognized by jury after q trial
Of three months, one OF the longest
civil cases on record.
Many doctors and chemists testified
on both sides and the evidence tOtaled
nearly four million words.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04
RIGHT CARE OF BROOD MARE
Careful PIoWman Can Use Her Up TO
Within Few Days OF Time She
IL to Drop Her Colt

A careful plowman can use the mare
up till within a few days OF the time
she is to drop her colt without dan
ger, and likewise he can begin work
with the mare ten days or two weeks
after the colt is born, provided the
work is reasonably light and the mare
IS cared for properly.
It Is not necessary that the colt fol-
low its dam while she is in harness,
but It is better TO leave the colt "a the
pasture or the barn while the mare Is
driven
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04
VALUE OF WHEAT FOR SWINE
Tests Made at Missouri Agricultural
College to Find Suitable Sub
stitute fer Corn.
By L A wEAvER)

Information Of value to all pork-pro-
ducers, especially in seasons when the
corn crop is short, has been obtained
by carrying on experimental work
with other crops grown on the farm
by the Missouri agricultural expert
ment station By conducting feeding
trials with wheat it has been shown
that under some conditions wheat may
well be used for hog feeding instead
of corn. Results obtained show that
when corn is worth 90 cents or more
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04
Method Ct His Madness.

You say Mrs Naggs was here dur
ing my absenceT' said the superin-
tendent OF the lunatic asylum TO the
attendant.
'Yes. sir" was the reply. 'She
called to see about taking her husband
home. but he positively refused TO go
said he would rather stay here"
81 always thought there was some
thing wrong about that man." said the
superintendent He isn't crazy at all"
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04
ENHANCED VALUE OF A FARM
1t Would Aid Greatly If Roads Were
Permanently Good So Bigger Loads
May Be Hauled.

Do you know how much the value
Of your farm would be enhanced if
your roads were permanently good SO
you could haul two loads one trip in
stead of one load in two trips?
Begin the improvement by putting
the roads adjacent to your own ranch
in good condition, then offer your serv-
ices to help in the Improvement of
other sections of the road.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04
Lot of Fungus Trouble

There is lot of fungus trouble this
season. Blights, rusts, rots, mildews
and other bacterial and fungus dis
eases are common. There is no use
lodging; we must fight them with the
proper fungicides or they beat US.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04

A small flock Of goats On many
farms would pay as well as Other
farm stock. Goats are healthy ami
mails and free from disease. ans are
eheaply kept On what most OF the other
farm stock would refuse to eat.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04

Il the colt shows colo symptoms or
Is not doing well, examine his teeth
A sharp tooth cutting tongue or cheek
VII prevent grinding the food and
cause trouble. Sometimes = tooth
needs extracting.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04
Rioht Size of Earn

Selling OF land till all debts are
Cancelled and little or no hired help
needed has saved a good home for
many worthy family who, had they
chung to the big farm, would have lost
all.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04
Avoid RustY Xix cans.

Never put cream in a rusty or bat
tered can and always remember that
milk and cream have that property OF
absorbing bad havors.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04
Contaminated M.

Milk is contaminated with typhoid
fever germs by people suffering with
typhoid fever coming In contact with
the milk.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04
strawberries for New I'D

Do not take strawberry plants from
an old bed to set a new bed, unless
you can easily pick out the varieties
and the plants are young and vigor-
Gus.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04
Resent New Ideas

Some farmers appear to think when
you suggest a new idea TO them that
you are trying to knock the ,founda-
lions OF life from under them
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04
cuItlvation of ornhard

If the orchard was Cultivated al
carefully as the corn. crop the Yield
q fruit would be pleasant surprise.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04

About . to SO per cent butterfat
IS desirable In cream for farm ehuEn-
ing
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04
AdHertfsina PaNs Earner.

Proper advertising should give Just
Is good results to the farmer and gar
dener - to the merchant
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04

Get New Binder.
Il you have an old WORKOUT binder
sell it and get new one.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04

The three Cs Of milk. say the spe-
cialistA are clean. coo1 and eo4zsa.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04

For the hscaI year ending
June 80, 1918, each state will re-
ceive double the above figures;
for 1919 three times, for 1920
four times, and for 1921 five
times the amounts above stated.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04
Grain Ts AEecessiF,.

Grain IS q necessity In tie tied q
sEeET her.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-11-04

Bolt Struck Oil Tsnk-Lightning
struck 1.600-barrel oil tank on the
McMann lease. mile west of Au-
gusta the other morning, and the
flames are shooting Zoe feet into the
air.