davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1916-12-13

has given them, they showed them
selves thoroughly capable. At every
make stands on the Ourcq and the
Marine the French artillery cleaned
them out by the most systematic fire.
They dropped their shells as regu-
larry as The squares on the checker
board, and blew the German batteries
all to pieces, so that Immediately after
the battle, when l passed that way.
the fields were Uttered with wrecked
fieldpleces and limbers and dead ar
tillery horses.
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1916-12-13
French Superiority.

In those days France had one piece
of artillery to Germany's ten. Ger
many still has three or four to Frances
one, but, opposed to the French them
selves, Germany can afford to spare
only cannon for cannon. The fact that
the French have consistently gained
on fair field with an even distribu-
ton of equipment shows the French
to be not only superior artillerymen
but better in the infantry attacks.
In an article last May / called at
tentiOn TO the construction Of the
French mobile army under Nneral
Petain, made up of divisions and corps
which had particularly distinguished
themselves in attack. This was the
army which paid so heavy price in
saving Yerdun, but was still In shape
to make the Somme offensive, Some
be- having just now a well-earned rest.
They have not been in either the later
successes on the Somme or at Verdun.
II has not been necessary TO use the
very crack troops.
The football team of one of the most
distinguished, the Twentieth army
corps. recently played hot match in
Paris. II was an excellent team, hard
~ member of which did not wear
every possible decoration, but the root
ers of the Twentieth who came along
were q sight in themselves. They had
been through Verdun and the Somme
Eight months of continuous attack
but they were the tsttest-loolting men
you could ask for. There was not
one who 10 use our own phrase. did
not look as If he could lick his weight
In wildcats" And men of this kind.
I'm the midst Of two big offensives. are
right now taking their ease. II shows
that many other divisions have proved
their mcttle. The mobile army of
crack troops that numbered, perhaps.
100000 last May comes nearer being
n million today II is not that the
French army has grown in proportion
the new men who have gone into
action since last May number under
quarter Of a million. The growth of
the mobile army has come from men
who have seen action since the be-
ginning of the war The whole army
is showing a tendency to grow in
fighting power II is something In the
French race. Nj lOleon made himself
by developing the same characteristic.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-09-12
WOMEN PREDOMINANT I'M
AEROPLANE MANDATORY

LONDON, Eng. Somewhere in
England there is government fac.
tory where aeroplanes. often called
the eyes of the army, are built almost
exclusively by women.
In one large shed alone women are
engaged in making tents to house the
machines, the wings of which other
women in adjoining shed cover and
paint.
In one machine shop women are en-.
gagged in welding parts of the ma.
chines-an extremely difficult and
delicate work, which requires much
patience, concentration and skill, In
other shops women are engaged hpcn
pressstool work, rough filing, repeti.
ton milling, capstan lathe work, string
sewing and small wood work The
women are also employed upon inspec.
ton of stores and vanishing all wood.
work.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-09-12
STUDENTS SEEK
ENTRANCE INTO
HIGHER GRADES
Public Schools Of City Taxed to
Capacity; 0vercroWding Has
Been Eliminated

That there Is an Increasing tenden-
cy among the students In the public
schools Of Honolulu 70 advance into
higher grades as rapidly as possible,
md that the children Of the city ap-
lear TO be seeking an education with
'ore enthusiasm than ever before, are
ne cancellations or Inspector George
g. Raymond after noting the material
increases In all the institutions Of the
Inspector Raymond bases his con-
cIu|'ons on the increased enrolments
81 l1o seves,il and eighth grades and
q the high school and normal school.
Although not oyererowded, all the
public sch9ols Of Honolulu are COM
foflably filed and work has begun In
earnest for the fall term.
Central Grammar school, with its.
new broom building, has an enrol
menf Of 100, $50 students being
housed In the new structure. This
1chooi has been able 70 accommodate
81 Of the overflow from the other pub
IIc schools.
The enrolment at the Kaiulani
school has nearly reached the 400
mark, and will be unable TO accom-
Lodate any more pupils for the time
BEING at least. At Kaahumanu there
4 an enrolment Of 1885, with 20 stu
dents In the eighth grade. This school
also Il unable TO accommodate fur
Their students.
Al Mckinley High school there is
81 enrolment Of as. and the institu-
lion A rfaxed 10 capacity.n The fresh
man class alone contains 205 students.
Pohukaina school has an enrolment
az 500 students, with room for others
A. the third and fifth grades. The
ether grades are FULL At the normal
.chool the freshman class IL composed
a l55 students. only rs being boys.
Enrolment IL stiIl being carried on
30 Oahu College and the Punahou
RESPIRATORY school. and Il is not like
. that the exact number Of students
IiIl be available before Thursday or
friday. asn
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-09-12

$4,000; per cent, $4,000 to $780,
600; 4 per cent, $250,000 to $3.50 900;
5 per cent, $4,000 to $1,000, 900: s
per cent on 100000 to $4,000, 900; z
per cent on $4,000, 000 to $4,000, 600;
per cent, $3,e00.000 to 100000;
8 per cent, 100000 to $1,000, 900,
and 10 per cent on the amount by
which such estate exceeds $4,000, 900.
Munitions tax, 10 per cent on net
profits of manufacturers of gun-powder
and other explosives, cartridges loaded
OF unloaded, except for industrial or
sporting purposes; projectiles, shells,
torpedoes, including shrapnel, loaded
or unloaded; fuses or complete rounds
Of ammunition; firearms of any kind
and appendages, including small arms,
manufactured and used for military
purposes; cannon, machine guns, RI
fes and bayonets, electric motor-boats
and submarine or submersible boats.
These taxes to be in force until one
year after the European war ends.
Stock tax: Fifty cents for each
$1,000 Of capital, surplus and undivided
profits of corporations, joint stock
companies and associations with CAPT
tai In excess of sos, 1000.
Special taxes: Pawn brokers, $50 a
year; ship brokers, $40; custom house
brokers, SO; theaters and amusement
places having seating capacity not
exceeding $50, $25 year, not exceed
ing 500, $50; not exceeding 500, SIS,
and exceeding 500 seating capacity,
500.
Bowling alleys and billiard tables,
S. each.
Tobacco manufacturers tax: Those
whose annual sales do not exceed 50,-
600 pounds, So: not exceeding 100000
pounds, IS; not exceeding 100000.
pounds, $12; exceeding 100000, 8 cents
per thousand; manufacturers of cigars
whose annual sales do not exceed So
600 cigars, 81; not exceeding 100000,
So; not exceeding 100000, Sc; not ex-#
ceeding 100000, $12; exceeding 400,-
600, 5 cents per thousand. 4
Tariff Commission @.-af I
The bill creates a tariff commission
to consist of six members to be des-I
ignated by the president. The COM
mission would investigate the ad-
miRistration and fiscal effects of the
customs laws; relation between the
rates of duty on raw materials and
finished or partly finished products;
effects of all duties: all questions re-
lating TO the operation of the tariff
laws: tariff relations between the
United States and foreign countries,
and would make reports to the ways
and means committee of the house
and finance committee of the senate.
Salaries of the commissioners were
fixed at $500 a year. = III.
Assertion of the bill would make it
unlawful to import goods at price
substantially less than the actual
market value, or wholesale price, in
the principal markets of the country
of their production The president is
given authority to prohibit importa-
tions to this country from nations
which prohibit importations from the
United States. "
In sections amending the existing
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-09-12
MATSONIA Night
At HEINIE' S

There will be dinner and dance
in honor of the passengers and off
GERS of the 3 s. Matsonia this even
ing at Heinie's Tavern. on the Beach
at waikiki" y ..."-.
There will be an excellent meal
served, after which dancing and
cabaret features will follow, This is
to be one OF the most entertaining
evenings at Heinie's and the visitor to
the islands should spend his first even
ing in Hawaii at this delightful seaside
resort. ""..... ...
All are cordially invited to join with
the army, navy and town folks
here this evening and an unusually
good time is assured all.-Adv.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-09-12
NATIONAL GUARD COMPANY
PLANS WEEK END TRIP

Capt. chaE. n Frazier. commanding
company C. LEI Infantry. N. 6. H..
has sent out letters to all of his
command announcing an overnight
.1tampment Of Company G for next
saturday and Sunday He expects a
|.E turnout at drill At the Armory to-
morrow evening, when full details Of
Me- trip viii be explained.
4 Is planned 10 take the street car
% the end % the Waialae line and
ne company win hike 70 9 convenient
spot on the Waitiae beach and 60
INTO camp Sunday morning there
NIn Be some extended order drill and
ne balance Of the day devoted to
baseball swimming. etc. The captain
expects b conduct future outings Of
The character Is II is thought they
win prove very popular with the men
Of Company c. All expenses OF the
bike viii be free 10 the men.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-09-12

tariff law, the bill provides for in
creased tariff rates on dyestuffs to be
applied after the European war The
duty on intermediate dyes would be
10 per cent ad valorem and special
duty of 1-2 cents pound: on fin
ished dyes, per cent ad yalorem and
a special duty of cents pound. An
other amendment fixes the duty of
print paper valued at above cents
per pound at II per cent ad yalorem.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-09-12
DANCE FAT MOANA
HOTEL TONIGHT

Tourists, Officers Of the army and
navy and local society people are cor
daily invited 10 q dance TO be given
|.|I evening a the Moana Hotel. be-
.'.nInk II 3 O'Clock. Hawaiian music
during dinner. -Ady,
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-09-12
NEW income And
INHERITANCE TAX
PROVISIONS HERE

newed, exemp:ng LABOR. agricultural
and horticultural organizations, mu.
tual savings banks not having CAPT
tai stock represented by shares. fra
ternal beneficiary societies, domestic
building and loan associations, civic
organization. federal land bank and
national farm associations.
Special taxes are imposed as fol-
lows:
Inheritance tax, On transfer Of net
estate OF decedents dying after the
passage Of the act, / per cent on the
amount of such net estates not in ex-
cess OF $4,000; 2 per cent $4,000 to
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-09-12
eERMANYs NEW TEXTILE

A new textile iii which paper is
spun with about 20 per cent of cotton
is being exhibited in Germany
Unspun cotton in the form of down
is glued to one side of endless rolls
of paper and the paper is then shorr
into narrow bands, which are spun
with the cotton side outwards.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-09-12

The following appointments in the
infantry arm of the National Guard
of Hawaii are announced for the in
formation OF all concerned: T..
, John H. Ellis to be second lieuten.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-09-12

The worlds normal yield of the six
great cereals ranges from 5000, 000,.
900 to 1906, 600, 900 bushels.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-09-12

A divers boots weigh 20 pounds
each and the helmet 20. In addition.
he Is otherwise weighted.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-09-12
NATIONAL GUARD ORDERS

The resignation of 1st Lieut.. Fred
erick w. Wichman, Officers Reserve
Corps, National Guard of Hawaii, is
accepted, effective this date.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-09-12

Scenes groundbreakin9
paving
teChares
ing citizens
holding the seraed pick shovel vigorous
the stMsyor lane sinking the pick In the soil the first stroke
the job He sunk IL IN 9elocroWd
residents and interested visitors gathered
I the eersrOnIsI spot - Star Bulletin Staff Photos
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-09-12

ant Sept. IL, 1915. assigned to lst In
fantry.
Vim. G. Allen, to be second Heuten.
ant. Sept. IL, 1916. assigned to 1st In
fantry.
The above named officers will re.
port in person to their regimental
commander for assignment to duty.
They are appointed subject to future
examination.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-09-12

Sugar is extracted from Is various
palms which grow in Ceylon.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-09-12

Cpl. George Lincoln, Jr., Co. A, LIST
Infantry, is granted furloughs OF
three months from date hereof with
permission to travel beyond the linn
its of the territory.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-09-12

End Lieut. James Lemon, 1st Infan-
try, is relieved from assignment to
that regiment and placed on the unas-
signed list -. :.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-09-12

The following named enlisted men
will be honorably discharged to accept
commission in the National Guard Of
Il o rrnii -. 80. - =
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-09-12

Sgt. John H. Ellis, Hq. Co., LIST Inf
Pvt. VIM. G. Allen, Co. D, 1st Inf "
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1916-04-05
Friendly Court Action
AGAINST Local Gas Go.
A THIEF PURL0lNS
STOCKER'S ICE CREAM
He Now Has Loaded Gun For
Sweet Toothed Robber.

Mr. Chris Stocker. the baker and
eonfeetioner Of South Queen street,
has always thought his lee cream the
tho very best, but he did not be
lieve it was so fine that any man
would risk his life to eat some of it,
However some time last night a prov
Ter again entered the yard in rear
OF his store once before an attempt
to steal 60 pounds of lard was frus.
trated. Last uiebt the man was aft
er ice cream and he succeeded in
stealing about gallon and Il half
New, Chris has his shot gun loaded
and keeps Il handy so It Will be
comparatively easy matter to take
shot a the thief The next time he
calls.
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1916-04-05
MARYLAND PASSES
PUL-SORY LAW
All Able Bodied Males Now Eli
gibIe For Militia.
LAW HURRlEDLY PASSED
Legislators Did Not Seem to
Realize Scope of Measure
Aimed to Meet Requirements
of the Hay Measure.
Especial dispatch to the Journal.

A&RN@'ai dfakJdtNlA ~ VIC JOut nat.
Annapolis, April Every able
bodied ma min Maryland betwcen the
age of IS and a years Will be liable
for military service under tie provie.
ions of a bill passed just before the
legislature adjourned. it was learned
today
Many OF the legislators declared
that they did not know they were
voting for a compulsory service bill
when it was passed
The bill divides the militia inc "ac.
tive and "unorganized" classes. the
former being the regular militia and
the other being males subject to call
by the government if the states quo
IA of guardsmen is not sufficient TO
meet federal regulations under the
provisions of the Hay bill now pend
ing IN congress
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1916-04-05
Rev. Mr.. Meeks Sent
To Forest Park, Md.

eat: Ellerslfe r.. il Bartlett Flint
stone. W 4 Eliott Frederick ] o.
W.isLts2n3- Frostbarg j II. Bickaord
Grant. ]. I Greek. z2erintendeuts
Hagers,own. Howard street. Raymond
Brewer superintendent St. Paals.
F. R. Bayley. washington square.
w. L. Lynn: Hancock. 7 NJ Dickey;
Harpers Ferry, W c. Brian; Hedges
vile. c. c. Archer: HiIlsboro, E. y.
Parrish: Hvndman z c. Gallher;
Keyser. H. v Gerler Lonaconing,
Thomas Wheeler; Martinsburg R
l. Wright. Midland. W e Bird;
Mount Savage R. J. Nicholson; Old
town. Lynn Arbogast superanauat-
ed. Paw Paw, Mason Keesecker, SUI
perauruated; Piedmont, F. A XIII
man: Rawlings, T. G. Owens; Rom
rey. j. \ Shockey, superanuated;
Shepherdstown. William Rogers
smithsburg. John Stacks superannu.
ated. Union Grove William Pier
po1t. ssresa1n lated; Urbous ". A.
Lyle. WflIiamspoct, J W. Fleming;
Winchester IT. C. Spencer. [. 5
Todd retired Frederick quarterly
conference; n c. Smith, retired,
Center street quarterly conference
c. E. Dudrear. retired Frenerick qua.
terly conference; J. E F Gray. re-
tired Hancock quarterly conference
J. P. Felner. retired Hancock quar-
terly conference.
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1916-04-05

Although Rev. 3. W. Meeks. for
four years pastor of First NJ. Z.
Church. this city. had remained here
about as long as the average time
permitted any Methodist minister ac'
ccrding to the itinerant phase Of the
church's laws, it had been hoped by
all that he would be returned as pas
tor by the Baltimore Conference, just
adjourned in Washington. AS mat
ter of fact, prominent members who
had remained in Washington up until
No left that city for Martinsburg
were certain that he would come back.
However. at the last moment he was
transferred to St. Marks Methodist
Episcopal Church, at Forest Park,
West Baltimore District, Rev R. L.
Wright, for the past two years super
intendent of Maryland General Hospi-
tai. Baltimore, an institution main
tanned by the two branches of Meth
odism, was assigned to First NJ. E.
Church, OF LHlS Guy. AhCf' IL = 49,
ries was made superintendent of the
Frederick District, succeeding Rev
DIR. G. c. Bacon, who was assigned
10 Govans church near Baltimore.
Rev. c. c. Archer is returned to He'd
gesville and Rev William Peerpoint
succeeds Rev. ]. W. Fleming, a Bun
ker Hill. The assignments in Fred
erick District are as follows:
Superintendent D. f. Devries; Bar
ton, F. L. Mumford; Berkeley SPRINGS
Il. St Clair Allen; Bloomington A
r. Snedegar; Brunswick, J. L HART
Bunker Hill. William Peerpont; Cum
berland, Center street, Joseph DaW~
son: Grace, H. E. L. Peck; Kingsley
B. IS. MCGOWAN; Doubs, E. Fl. Show
acre; Eckhart. ]. A. Gross; Elk Gar
den, U. S. Landstreet. superintend-
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1916-04-05
Judgments Aggregating $780,
600 Mutually Agreed To.
MOVEMENT TO GET $4,000
With Which to Make Important
improvements Here Boot
Logging" Case From Charles
Town Is Tried Today.

As the result of a mutual agree
ment between the Martlnsburg Gas
Company on the one side and the hold
ing company and General Manager
$. j Franklin, of MELVILLE, N. j.. on
the other, an order was entered In the
Federal Court here late Tuesday aft
crnoon by which judgments aggregat.
Ing $l50.000 against the local com
pany were taken by the holding com
pany and the general manager. This
procedure was an entirely friendly
ono on the part of both sides.
Today General Manager Franklin
stated to representative of the
Journal that the court procedure was
in the nature Of preliminary step
toward the extension of the company's
mains and the development OF a
large amount of new business In this
city. He said that the local company
has in contemplation certain work of
extension and development here which
would necessltate an expenditure of
approximately 10000. and that the
court proceedings were taken TO safe
guard the men who intended to put
up this 100000. It is intended to do
this important work this summer.
II has been known here for months
past that the local gus company con
templnted certain extensions and inn
but that the condition of
business here made it necessary to
9ccure the money from outside
sources This arrangement has now
been made, and when the contemplate
ed work has been completed the To-
cal gas company is expected to be :
a better and stronger position than
ever TO handle rs business.
General Manager Franklin also
stated that the great amount of work
TO be done here, and the aggregate
Of cash to be expended in Martins
burg, might call for reorganization
Of the local company. but that this
step was only possibility, and
CCONTINUED ON PACE TWO)
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1916-04-05
Negro Troops Kill Thirty and
Wound Many More.
VILLA STILL IN FLIGHT
Chihuahua Commander Insists
Bandit Is Wounded and Is
Retreating Toward Parral-
More Autoes For Army.
Especial dispatch to the Journal)

Especial dispatch to the Journal)
Washington, April 5.-8dvices re.
ceived at the war department today
confirmed the rout Of band of Vii
listas last Saturday by scouting par
ties of the Tenth American cavalry.
Thirty of the Villistas were killed.
While the report created satisfaction
here it seemed to confirm the belief
that Villa himself had eluded his
pursuers.
Two hundred American cavalry un-
der Col. w G. Brown, Tenth cayal-
ry. defeated an equal force of Villa
followers in the second engagement
of the campaign at Aguas Calientes.
30 miles norh OF Guerrero on April
!. This report was brought to Gen
eral Pershing by two MEXICAN ranch
men. who said that the Mexican
forces lost SO men and 40 horses,
while the Americans suffered no cas-
uaities The Tenth cavalry is conf
posed OF negro troopers.
Insists That Villa Is Wounded.
Ell Paso. Tex, April 5.-Villa is
wounded and unable TO ride a horse,
today declared General Gutierrez
commander of Chihuahua. in a report
to Carranza Consul Garcia. a Jaurez
He says he secured this information
from men who saw the bandit leader
pnd from escaped Carranzista troops
who had been made prisoners by VII
la. Villa was located near Camarge.
and is continuing his flight toward
Parral with a small force
More Autoes For Army
Washington, April 80 meet tAe
serious shortage in amy transpor-
,ation facilities. four additional com
panies of AUTO trucks aggregating
1OS machines end two tank trucks
for gasoline, have been authorized
This is believed to indicate the ad-
rtinistration's probable solution OF
the entire transportation difficulty
brought about by inability to use the
Mexican Northwestern railroad i'm
mediately. It is considered probable
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1916-04-05
GERMANS CONTINUE
GRAND OFFENSIVE
Hammer AT Verdun and Sink
Four More Vessels.
NO DESIGNS AGAINST u. S.
So Declares German chancel
lor In Speech Before Reich
stag One German Warship
Damaged In North Sea.
Especial dicpatch to The JournaD

Especial dicpatch to The journaD
London April 5.--Germanv today
continued he. Grand offensive all
aloae Tie line. BY which Size hopes
to Offset the effect of the recent con
ference Of tie allies. On top of the
report Of another Zeppelin raid on
London end the increased Intensity
of the hammering at the gates Of
NeHdan. comes the statement of the
sinking OF four more ships The Brit
ish steamer nendew, the Spanish
steamer Vigo the Norwegian steam.
er Arena and The Dutch schooner El-
Tina Helen. One member Of tbe Ben
deR's crew vas lost.
Great interest attached "a tHr sink
ing Of lie patch vessel. Reports from
The Hague said that a message to
The owners Of the ship said that she
had been orpedoed The Ouch gov
eminent Immediately ordered an Of
fetal inquiry. and also simultaneous
iy ordered an inquiry into the sink
Ing of the steamer Tubantia.
with Holland in the grip of a war
scare. the tension has been increas-
Cd b. These developments. The gen
eral committee Of the lower house of
iae Dutch parliament convened in
secret session today and It Is said
that statement might be issued
setting forth the reasons for HoI
lands military actyifi~
AZ least ono German cruiser was
badly damaged in q North Sea Skin
mish with British topodob9ats dis
CONTINUED ON PAGE TVOl