davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily progressive-miner., 1916-12-27
Origin of Postage Stamps

France the mother of os many things which contribute to mod ern progress, fairly may be credited with the first suggestion of the pos tage stamp in use today. For it. was 1853, during the joint regency of Anne of Austria and Mazarain, that the lat ter, made desperate by constant thefts of valuable packages fin the hands of mounted messengers hit upon the de- vice of a sealed envelope bearing the government stamp, the carriage of which, prepaid by the sender. was pro tected by special guard of courtiers.
 Quickly the use of sealed and guard ed envelopes, at first designed for the exclusive service of the nobility, spread to the wealthy middle class
 Stamped postal letter paper was used in 1918 by the government of Sardinia, this being succeeded in 1920 by envelopes bearing the government seal. Ten years passed before Charl- es Whiting, a-London publisher, began to experiment with stamped wrappers for newspapers.
 And from this suggestion Sir Row. land Hill, creator of the Penny Post derived his idea of the modern pos tage stamp, of which he is justly regarded as the originator; although for some years previously James Chal mers, the famous printer of Edinburgh had made experimentally a stamp printed with ordinary type and render. ed adhesive by the. use of gum. Hill, realizing the value of Chalm er's invention, brought the adhesive stamp under the notice of commis sion which was then debating the in troduction of the penny post. Hills advocacy of the Chalmers stamp led to the usual protracted series of in quiries by seccessive commissions and it was not until 1889 that Par liament passed an act authorizing the treasury to fix rates of postage on let ters and regulate the mode of their collection.
The daily progressive-miner., 1916-12-27
Why MeteOrs Burn
 In Three ColOrs,

The earth's atmosphere Is now be- lieved to have three fairly distinct strata, the first, extending up to about forty-ffve miles, having nitrogen as the leading constituent; the second, with it's upper limit at about 125 miles, being chiefly hydrogen, and the third at a still greater height, consisting of a very thin gas, which has been nam ed "geocoronium." Dr. Alfred Veg ener has attempted to explain the striking differences of color in meteors or shooting stars" and says that me teors coming from outer space are not sufficiently heated in the exceed ingly light gas to become luminous. Their fall through the hydrogen layer causes them to become incandescent. and before they reach the lowest strat. um most of them are completed dis sipated A few of the largest, how ever, penetrate the nitrogen atmos- phere, very small number reaching the earths surface. Is is found that the deep-falling meteors pass through three stages of color-yellow-white green, and deep-red-and it Is con cluded that the green is due to mean descent of the hydrogen and the red to that of the nitrogen. Only the first stage is seen in the quickly dissipated meteors, the white, yellow or some. times reddishness being evidently the glow of the meteor substance.
The daily progressive-miner., 1916-12-27
.s 4 + + i. + i. + + + + + 1 BIC ENGINE BARGAINS! ..

,t One Furrow engIne 77a horse : .. power. Good condition, $65.O0. : z. Ono Fisherman engine, 6 horse :
 z, power, 1 cycle. Good condition : z. S125. One Regal engine horse : :. power, cycle, good condition, .; ... s90. One Reverse Gear for 12 {
 :. horsepower engine $25. For par : .* ticulars apply at the Mather Iron :
 :, works.
 <. 4 P !. l. t 1. 4 E # F t f + ]
The daily progressive-miner., 1916-12-27

FOUND.-Row boat 15 it. long, fit. lJ inch beam, decked F. Apply to MT Rainwater, Newtown and pay for ,.is adv. u
The daily progressive-miner., 1916-12-27
MONKEY LANGUAGE EXPERT GOES ON
 EXPEDITION

With Prof. Lynch, an expert in mon key language, as decoy, scientists from the Smithsonian institute and the American Museum of Natural History are on their way to the French Congo in Africa for skins and skeletons of gorillas for group to be mounted at the American museum.
 Prof. Lynch once lived for seven years in a bamboo hut in Africa, study ing the language and habits of apes, He acquired vocabulary of 20 words, which he said, is the limit of the ape linguistic accomplishments.
 , Armed with his vocabulary, Prof. Lynch will sit as decoy, employing the language to lure guerillas to the stand where men are to be stationed with rifles. ~
The daily progressive-miner., 1916-12-27
ALIAS JUNK COMPANY

:. Wholesale and Retail Dealer in :. ALL KINDS OF JUNK
 :. Buyers of Metal, RuAlar 1L
 .s nalia Rope, Sacks, Machinery, :. Pipe, Hides, Furs and Bottles.
 :. 1o43 R. R. Ave-, So. Seattle.
 :. i. z. :. :. :. :. :. z. z. :. 4 :' ':' '.'
The daily progressive-miner., 1916-12-27

:. <. z. z. z. z: z. :. :. Z. z. :. z. 2. g z. FOR SALE. .- :. Twenty-Five foot Trunk cabln -% :. launch. Eight horsepower, t1o -' :. cylinder, four cycle Palmer. '.' z. PRICE $225.eo -.. .' z. Enquire W. E. Mills, New Eng '-
 ... land Fish Cmpany. z. :. .:. 4 .. z. |. < z. :. . = < ' .' ' z,
The daily progressive-miner., 1916-12-27

Subscribe to the rS0gresstve-afincr. 75 cents per nssnkh. 's a"-
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1916-10-27

"He kept the country out of war,
but he robbed it of it's peace.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1916-10-27

General; one Attorney General; one
Justice of the Supreme Court Ito fiji
vacancy)
congressional United States
Senator; one Representative in Con-
gress, for the Congressional district
of which said Township ferns i part
LegiSlativc-One Senator in the
State Legislature for the Senatorial
District of which said Township
forms part; ono Representative n
the State Legislature for the Repre-
sentative District nf HIGH said
Township forms a part.
COunty-One Judge Of Probate; one
Sheriff; one County Clerk; one Coun-
ty Treasurer; one Register of Deeds;
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1916-10-27
General Election.

NOTICE is hereby given to the
Qualified Electors of the Township
of Paw Paw, County of Van Buren,,
State of Michigan, that the next en-
suing General Election will be held
at Longwell opera House, N. Kala-
mazoo ST., within said Township, on
Tuesday, November Z, A. ID. 1916
For the purpose of electing the fol-
lowing officers, viz:
PreSidential-Fifte Electors of
President and Vice-President of the
United States.
State-One Governor; one Lieuten-
ant Governor; one Secretary of State
one State Treasurer; one Auditor
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1916-10-27

one Prosecuting Attorney; two Cit
cult Court Commissioners; two Cor
Oners; one County Surveyor; one
County Drain Commissioner; three
County Road Commissioners.
Also for the purpose of voting up
on the following propositions, viz:
TO Amend Article XVI of the Con-
stitution, by adding thereto a section
to be known as Section IL, providing
for prohibition in the state forever of
the manufacture, sale, keeping for
sale. giving away, bartering or fur
nishing of any vinous, malt, brewed,
fermented, spurious or intoxicating
liquors, except for medical, mechani-
Continued on page Seven.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1916-10-27
BROTHERHOODS WIN,
FARMERS WIVES LOSE
Democrats UnCtuouSIy but Vain
Iy FIatter Themselves That
TiIIerS of the Soil Believe
Their Bunk UpIift Laws
viii Improve Agricul-
turaI Conditions.
FARING WORSE THAN
LOWLlEST RAILROAD HAND

Plight of Women Laborers in the
Fields Described by President Pope
of the Association of State Presi-
dents of the Farmers Union as
More DepIorabIe Than During the
Days of Slavery, and Yet Not a
Word Was Spoken in the Last Con-
eress, Which Is Boosting of Its
Farm Legislation, About the Woman
Who Rakes the Hay and Gathers
the SheaVes.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1916-10-27
500 Reward, 500

The readers OF this paper will be
pleased to learn that there is at least
one dreaded disease that science has
been able to cure in all it's stages and
that is catarrh. Catarrh being greatly
Influenced by constitutional conditions
requires constitutional treatment Halls
Catarrh Medicine is taken internally and
acts thru the Blood on the Mucous Sur
faces of the System thereby destroying
the foundation Of the disease, giving the
patient strength by building up the con-
StitutiOn and assisting nature in doing it's
faith in the curative powers of Halls
Catarrh Medicine that they offer One
Hundred Dollars for any case that IL fails
TO cure Send for list of testimonials.
Address f. ]. CHENEY q co. Toledo,
Ohio. Sold by all Druggist. 75c.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1916-10-27
IDEALS OF THE SUCCESS
OF THE PLAIN PEOPLE

"If l did not believe that the
Republican party was the party
OF true progress, which was pre-
pared under It's leadership to
take the country along the way
of adaptation to new needs and
exigencies of the future, i
should have no pride In repre-
senting it. But the party Of Lin
coin is reunited today and we
consecrate IL to the ideals of
Lincoln, and those ideals are
permanent. These are the ideals
of the success of the plain peO-
pie. They are the ideals of the
achievements under free institu-
tons, of success in all the activ-
tiles of the cooperative energy
of the plain people. Charles
Il. Hughes in a Speech Delivered
at Plattsburg, n. Y.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1916-10-27
AUTOMOBILE BATTERIES AND

AUTOMOBILE BATTERIES AND
MAGNETOS. AL makes and types
repaired and exchanged. Express your
Battery, Generator or Magnetic to us.
Same will be repaired and returned
within as hours from receipt. Every
thing in Auto Supplies at Cut Prices.
Mail and Phone Orders Filled. 215 N.
Rose ST., 1st door North Interurban
Station. HOEKSTRA'S BATTERY
SHOP, Kalamazoo, Mich.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1916-10-27

Up in Maine they are now rhyming
Hughes with Moose. And there is
reason as well as rhyme connecting
the two words.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1916-10-27

Victory" Mr.. Fairbanks told Okla
homa Republicans, surely will perch
on our banner" But Champ Clark
tied 1t up in a heater and more COM
pact bundle when he said: "They
licked hell out of u.s."
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1916-10-27

Members of President Wilson's cabi-
net are ready to do anything to re-
elect their chief, except resign.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1916-10-27
DECLINED TO PERMIT
SQUADRON TO DEFEND
AMERICANS.

AZ Tampico there was q gen.
eral movement of attack by the
Mexicans on Americans and
other foreigners. We had a
squadron Of American warships
In the neighborhood. The Will
SON Administration destined to
permit this squadron to be used
to defend the lives Of American
men and the honor Of American
women, and the commanders Of
the German and English ships
at Tampico had to step in and
perform the task our represen-
tatiVe had so basely abandoned.
At the very time that the Mexi-
can mob had surrounded the
building in which the Americans
had taken refuge, and was howl
ing for their blood, the Ameri-
can fleet, in spite Of the pro-
tests of the American naval
commander. and in accordance
with wireless orders from Wash
ington, was forced to steam out
of the harbor and leave the AM
orleans to be massacred by the
Mexicans, or rescued by the
Germans and English.-From
the speech of Col. Theodore
Roosevelt, delivered at Lewis
ton, Maine, in behalf of Charles
E. Hughes.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1916-10-27

The fact that Mr.. Wilson could
endorse this Pork Congress shows
that he isn't seasick, anyway.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1916-10-27

Mr.. Pinchot also seems of the opin-
ion that God Hates a Gutter.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1916-10-27

The man who quotes the Baltimore
platform is regarded as political
archeolOgist.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1916-10-27
Political lettings

If plans ito get villa" are aban-
doned Villa should reciprocate and
refrain from organizing expeditions
ito get" American citizens.
The Raymer enterprise., 1916-02-03
INDIGESTION, GAS
OR SICK STOMACH
Time it! Pape's Diapepsin ends
all Stomach misery in five
minutes.

Do some foods you eat hit back
taste good. but work badly; ferpent
into stubborn Jumps and cause a sick,
sour. gassy stomach! Now, Mr.. or
Mrs. Dyspeptic, jot this down: Pape's
Diapepsin digests everything. leaving
nothing to sour and upset you. There
never was anything SO safely quick, so
certainly effective. No difference how
badly your stomach is disordered you
will get happy relief in five minutes,
but what pleases you most is that It
strengthens and regulates your stom.
ach so you can eat your favorite foods
without fear.
You feel different as soon as "Pape's 9
Diapepsin" comes In contact with the
stomach-distress Just vanishes-your
stomach gets sweet, no gases. no belch.
Ing, no eructations OF undigested food.
Go now. make the best investment
you ever made, by getting large fifty.
cent case OF Pape's Diapepsin from any
store. You realize in five minutes how
needless It is to suffer from indiges.
ton. dyspepsia or bad stomach. Adv.
The Raymer enterprise., 1916-02-03
BILIOUS, HEADACHY,
SICK 'CASCARETS''
Gently cleanse your liver and
sluggish bowels while
you sleep.
Get a l0.cent box.

Sick headache. bliousness, dizzi-
ness, coated tongue, foul taste and foul
breath-always trace them to torpid
liver; delayed, fermenting food In the
bowels or sour, gassy stomach.
Poisonous matter clogged in the In.
testines, instead Of being cast out
OF the system Is re-absorbed into the
blood. When this poison reaches the
delicate brain tissue 1t causes con-
gestion and that dull, throbbing, sick.
ening headache.
Cascarets Immediately cleanse the
stomach, remove the sour. undigested
food and foul gases, take the excess
bile from the liver and carry out all
the constipated waste matter and
poisons in the bowels.
A Cascaret tonight will surely
straighten you out by morning. They
work while you sleep-a 10cent box
from your druggist means your head
clear, stomach sweet and your liver
and bowels regular for months. Adv.
The Raymer enterprise., 1916-02-03
PROSPERITY FOR THE SOUTH
Impression Prevails Among cottor
Growers That Staple Will Sell
for Twenty Cents.

There is a great deal of prosperity
in the South. and am told the cotton
farmers have Jared better this year
than usual" said s. ]. Bratton OF
Chicago to Birmingham Age Herald
representative the other day. II was
talking with a cotton grower OF Mis-
sissippi who told me that he had sold
only half Of his crop Of AZ bales and
that he had received an average Of II
cents pound. He says he intends Ia
let the rest Of his cotton 60 gradually
after the market gets up to IA cents
This farmer said he had several neigh.
bors who had done as well with their
cotton as he had since November.
have visited two cotton states besides
Mississippi and Alabama. namely, Ok
lahoma and Arkansas. and the general
impression seems to be that the staple
will be selling for 20 cents before next
summer"
The Raymer enterprise., 1916-02-03
PAY ATTENTION TO MARKETS
Cooperation 10 Something That Makes
Marketing Unsatisfactory When
II 10 Not Applied.

II cannot be too often emphasized
that profitable marketing means co.
operative marketing Here are two
illustrations that came to our atten.
tion recently. The first Is that In one
Alabama neighborhood some time ago
farmers became interested In growing
better live stock and took up hog rails
Ing. But because they gave no atten-
tion to the marketing end they crowd.
ed their little market town with 600
hogs. whereas 1t had previously been
absorbing probably not more than a
hundred, with the result that a large
proportion OF the hogs were sold at
two and one..alf TO three and one half
cents pound gross when Kansas City
was paying Six cents pound gross
There Is story about little boy who
said that salt Is something that
makes Irish potatoes taste mighty bad
when you don't put it on EN-" and
this story simply indicates that COOP
Grafton is something that makes mar.
keting very unsatisfactory when You
don't apply II.
In the other instance group Of
North Carolina farmers obtained the
services of government expert in
cotton grading, and on one lot Of 375
bales officially graded. and shipped to
Norfolk, Va, clear profit OF $50 was
realized over and above the prices Of
fered by the local cotton buyers. As
the friend said who told us this Incl
dent: This illustrated the advantages
both OF expert grading and also the
advantages OF selling in large auan.
titles. For both OF these results COOP
Grafton is necessary-the organization
OF farmers marketing associations. In
this same county an investigation las,
year showed that the men marketing
as much as ten bales at a time aver
aged $l,l5 more bale than those who
sold single bales The Progressive
Farmer.
The Raymer enterprise., 1916-02-03

The price of good crops is eternal
vigilance and muscle.
The productive power Of the soil is
the support OF all prosperity.
In serving others we often serve
ourselves without knowing it.
Children learn to talk by imitation
they learn to swear in the same
way.
Inferior goods cannot be sold at a
superior price under any form Of Co
operation.
The more we make noise like an
oyster the less trouble we shall have
to overcome
The first man. the farmer. must get
fair price for his produce. else all
business will languish.
A rundown. weedy garden always
is the sign OF an overworked woman.
or lazy man. or both.
Without Standardization you cannot
maintain a price. either by passing a
law or by cooperation.
One Of the maddest men ever
saw was a chap who yelled loudly for
square deal and got II"
Keeping the windows tightly closed
to keep out the cold puts checks In
the doctors bank account.
Do not join any cooperation which
teaches one bunch OF neighbors to
hate and distrust another group.
The specialist in farming is gradu-
ally developed from a plain farmer
he doesn't learn how in one season.
Big business Is always ready TO CO
operate in anything which will make
better conditions for the whole coun-
try.
Hardening child by exposing II to
bad weather, or giving 1t tasks beyond
its strength. is species OF cruelty
which fattens the graveyard.
Few men will admit that their
wives know anything about business.
but great many will follow their ad.
vice and then take all the credit to
themselves.
The Raymer enterprise., 1916-02-03
DISORDERS OF The
FAITHFUL DAIRY cow
Treatment Of NoninfeCtious Gar
get Is SimpIe-lnfectiOus
Form Is Hard 10 Cure.

lBy +. b. HApLEY. Wisconsin College
Of Agrlculture.l
Garget makes an appearance every
once In while in cows which appar,
emily are in perfect health. The milk
in severe cases, is either stringy or
otherwise altered in character when
drawn and collects yellowish-colored
sediment on standing, In less pro.
nounced cases there may be little Wis.
ible change in the milk, but an exami.
nation would reveal large number OF
germs.
Noninfectious garget is caused by
bruises or other injuries, or by sud.
den congestion OF blood in the udder
as frequently occurs in heavy mixers
and in heifers at frs calying. Al.
fected animals usually make a com,
rleto recovery IL given one and half
pounds of epson salts and their feed
is restricted to that Of succulent ma,
ture.
The cause OF infectious garget Is a
germ or germs. When many OF them
are present In the udder not only is
the milk changed as mentioned above.
but the udder itself becomes hot and
sensitive to the touch.
The importance OF the infectious
fern OF garget rests in the fact that
1t is usually not easily cured ald has
tendency to reeur. Furthermore the
disease is easily conveyed to healthy
cows through the medium of the milk.
ers hands or contaminated material
of any kind. unless precautions are
taken TO avoid the transfer Of the
germs.
Temporary relief may be given by
bathing the udder with hot water for
one-half hour each morning and eve.
ming. After thoroughly drying the sur.
face of the udder warm cottonseed oil
should be rubbed in with the Palm of
the hand.
A complete cure Is possible in most
cases only by drying the COW off at
once so that her system may be free
to fight the disease-producing germs
that are present In the udder.
The Raymer enterprise., 1916-02-03
SYRUP Of FIGS FOR
A CH|LD'S BOWELS.
It is cruel to force nauseatinq,
harsh physic into a
sick child.

Look back at your childhood days.
Remember the dose" mother insisted
on-castor oil. calomel, cathartics.
How you hated them. how you fought
against taking them.
With our children it's different.
Mothers who cling to the old form of
physic simply don't realize what they
do. The children's revolt is well.found.
ed. Their tender little "insides" are
injured by them.
II your child's stomach, liver and
bowels need cleansing. give only deli.
cious California Syrup OF Figs" Its
action is positive, but gentle. Millions
o. mothers keep this harmless fruit
laxative" handy; they know children
love to take 1t: that 1t never fails to
clean the liver and bowels and sweet.
en- the stomach. and that teaspoonful
given today saves q sick child tomos
row. 4
Ask at the store for a 5Ocent bottIs
OF California Syrup Of Figs" which
has full directions for babies, children
OF all ages and for grown.ups plainly
on each bottle. Adv.
The Raymer enterprise., 1916-02-03
QUITE IMPORTANT
TO APPLY MANURE
First Step in Maintenance Of Pro.
ductlve Capacity Of Soil
Affords Better TiIih.

Farm manure is one OF the products
OF the North Dakota farm that is often
neglected. Manure when properly ap
piled gives good returns. II has beer
found at the North Dakota experiment
station that manure has given a re
turn OF Sl.40 per load and that was
on the heavy Red River valley soils
To secure this result ii was applied
to corn crop, which IL increased. al
well as the wheat crops that followed
1t. Had IL been applied directly TO the
wheat these good results would likely
nat have been secured. In fact. n
might have Brought in the first crop 6
decrease instead of the 25 per cent in
crease.
AT the Langdon suhstation it was
found that wheat following corn ma
nured ten loads to the acre. was
increased seven bushels more thar
wheat on similar corn ground, but moi
manured. And the next year barley
grown on the same land was increased
ia bushels. and the good effects OF
the manure will extend to one or two
more crops.
The drier the climate the slower the
manure decays and SO the good effects
from II become available more slowly,
When plowed under for corn the soil
Is well packed on TO the manure, which
hasteas its becoming available.
Pasture land that is to be plowed
up soon is a good place to spread the
manure. II stimulates the grass. and
the manure decays some. SO il is in
good condition for being worked into
the soil and for improving 1t when
plowed under. The pasture also has
the advantage that the manure can be
spread on 1t at any time. Meadow that
Is to be plowed up Is also a splendid
place fer applying the manure.
1t has been found that better re-
turns are secured from the manure
when light applications are made Six
to eight loads per acre is a good
amount to apply.
The application OF manure is the
cheapest means OF returning organic
or vegetable matter to the soil. and
the maintenance of a good supply Of
L..
decaying organic matter is the first
and most important step in the main.
tenanee OF the productive capacity Of
the soil. 1t gives the soil better tilth,
Increases the availability of the min.
eral elements of plant food and i'm.
proves the water-holding capacity OF
the soil. in addition to being a source
OF nitrogen as plant food.-North De.
kota Experiment Station.