davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-04-18
ALLIES ARE BUYING
 GRAIN ON b|G SCALE Purchases Will Cost Eighty
 Six Million Dollars INTERESTED Is English Method of Keeping Down D. -f
AMERICA INTERESTED
Is English Method of Keeping Down Rate of Exchange-Figures Show Allies Have Seven Times as
 Much as Central Powers

London March 31.-(Correspondence of the Associated Press.) .)-Great Britain and her allies have gone into the wheat busi- ness on very extensive scale, the gov ernments themselves buying vast stocks of wheat-20O000 tons in Australia at 8 cost of $16.00O, GOO; 25o,OOo tons in Argen- tine at a cost of s2o0Oo,0o0 and the whole remaining crop of Roumania at s5o,OOo 900 in all about $S6,oo0 900, probably the larg- est bulk expenditure for wheat ever made.
 This is new departure-governmen buying up the wheat supply. It has a special interest to the United States for two reasons. namely:
 First-The rate of American exchange, which went so strongly against England last fall, is dependent on keeping down imports of American wheat, cotton and other products. In this way the balance of trade will not be so heavily against England as it was last fall; the drain of gold to meet that balance will not be so heavy and the exchange rate will remain steady. One of the highest off, cials of the government told the Asso- ciated Press, when the rate of exchange crisis occurred last fall. that one of the surest ways of steadying the exchange was for England to stop buying wheat in the United States and buy it instead in Australia Canada and elsewhere He intimated strongly, too, that this would be. done; and apparently it has been done, although the corn exchange is flooding the London press with queries as to why these government purchases
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-04-18
I SIMPLY LOVE FOR MEAL TIME TOCOME"
 SAYS MRS. KAREN
Was So Sick She Had to Spend Two-Thirds the Time
 in Bed-Gains 10 Lbs. on Tanlac and Feels Fine

"The hardest thing for me to do was to go to the table, for l would just have to sit there and not eat thing, said Mrs. D. P. Harbin, residing at 1919 North Eighteenth street, few days ago.
 T suffered with indigestion so much that life was hardly worth living, continued Mrs. Harbin. "A short time ago I was taken down with grippe and this left me in a worse shape than ever. I could eat very little and the least thing would cause indigestion. I was in bed about two- thirds the time, and couldn't sleep hardly wink. I would have to belch a great deal on account of gas forming on my stomach, and this was mighty uncomfortable. l thought at times I was hungry and would buy all kinds of things, but when I started to eat them my appe- tfte seemed to leave me entirely.
 "I had read in the papers several times about what Tanlac was doing, and some friends of mine kept after me to try it, but I didn't think it or anything else would do me any good, because I had tried so many other things without getting any help, but finally I bought a bottle just to see if it would do me any good. I took it just like the directions said, and it has helped be wonderfully. Why, I now eat just anything I want, and just as much of it as I want, and instead of hating to go to the table to eat I Just simply love for meal time to come, as I am always hungry, and I enjoy every mouthful eat sleep fine, too, and my rest does me a lot of good. I have already gained 10 pounds on Tan lac, and feel much stronger in every way. It looks like the food I eat now goes right into strength.
 T am only too glad to recommend Taniac to anybody, and know it will help anybody that suffers from indi- gestion and stomach trouble. My hus- band is just tick1ed to death over my recovery, and thinks just like I do that there is no other medicine on earth like Tanlac."
 Tanlac is sold in Birmingham ex- clusively by Eugene Jacobs drug store and Patton Pope Drug company; in Ensley by D. W. Morris Drug com pany; in Bessemer by Pegram-P Patton Drug company; in Pratt City by Gale Drug company, and in North Birming- ham by the Walker Drug company Adv.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-04-18
ROOSEVELT'S MAIL
 KEEPS HIM BUSY
Illinois Primary Taken as Indication of Sentiment
 in His Favor

Oyster Bay, L. l., April 17.-(Special.) Colonel Roosevelt expressed the greatest interest today in news received here con- corning the developments in Mexico. but bending more definite information would not make any statement. He had no po- litical visitors and devoted the day to an effort to catch up with his correspond ence, which has become so big that he has had the services of several stenogra- phers.
 One of the letters received by the colo nel today was from Harold l.. Ickes, chairman of the progressive party in Hi nos. Ickes gave some interesting con- clusions which political observers in Hi nos had drawn from the vote, especially that cast by the women, which he took as evidence that the women voters were for Roosevelt and preparedness.
 Few women voted at the primaries, , he wrote because under the law they could not vote for the delegates. All they could vote for was preference for Pres ident, and only Sherman's name appeared on the republican ballot as a candidate for President. Of the 1929 women who voted the republican primary ticket in Cook county, 1881 voted for you and 287s for Sherman The women as well as the men had to write your name in, and they had less experience than the men, so it was relatively greater task.
 "The fact that considerably larger proportion of the women voting in the republican primary cast their ballots for you than of the men ought to dispose ef- fectively of the statement often made that the women are not for preparedness and are opposed to you because Of your stand on that and kindred matters.
 q am more than pleased with the re- suits. am sure that if fight had been made in your behalf all over the state in the republican primaries you would have carried it practically solid.
 .As between yourself and Justice Hughes, the results convince me that the sentiment of the republican voters IS oyer- whelmingly for you.
 ''There is no doubt in my mind that Illinois is for you as against sherman The Sherman slate has been broken in your behalf, and thousands of the repub- licans went to the trouble of expressing their preference for you by writing in their names"
 Colonel Roosevelt will remain in oyster Bay until next Wednesday, when he will go to New York and spend several hours at his offices there.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-04-18

Examining Prospective Teachers
 Montgomery, April 17.-(Special )-Ex- of applicants for teachers certificates were begun in every county
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-04-18
LONDON'S GREATEST
 SIGHTSEER DEAD

London, April 6.-(Special) )-London lost its greatest sightseer in the death at IS years the other day of Henry Moses. lawyer of the old school. Ever since he came here from Dublin in 1872, Moses had the reputation of getting into front place at the leading public function of the day Tn that time he never missed an opening of the House of Parliament, was able to anticipate the arraignment of the Jameson raid leaders when the public and newspapers were kept in the dark and was first of the public to enter Westminster hall when Gladstone lay ill state there
 Only once was Moses unsuccessful in attending public function and that was the recent trial of Card I-ody. the spy, from which the public was vigorously barred. His failure on that occasion is said to have hurt Moses so much that 1t had much to do with hastening his death.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-04-18

the exchange, as compiled from all avail able sources, including official Rear ranged according to groups in the pres ent warrior this is a struggle between war groups-the stocks of wheat, in quar- ters, is as follows:
 Quadruple AllieS-France, 32, COG, 900: AL geria and Tunisia, 5,70O00o United King dom, 9,10O,000; India, 47,922,O 600; Canada, 42,- 0S0, 900; Egypt and the Cape, 5,200, GOO; Australia, 2S 100000; New Zealand, .1,OO0,- 900; Italy, 21 $50, 900; Russia, 133 900, 900; Ja- pan, 2,s5O,OOO. Total, 323, ,452,0o0 quarters.
 Neutrals-Spain, 100000; Portugal, S0O.0OO; Roumania. 11.25 ,O0O Greece, 60oGo0; Holland. 711,0OO; Switzerland, 4S5,000; Swe- den, 100000; Denmark, 995,O00; United States, 126,44o,0 GOO; Mexico, 100000; Argen- tina, 24,OO0,000; Chile, 100000; Uruguay, 1,20c, ,0O0; Peru 1000; Persia, 100000. To- tai, 189, ,1S1, 900 quarters.
 Central powers-Germany, 20, 70; Austria, 100000; Hungary, 1S,959 GOO; Cro- tia and Slavonia, 1,500,0 GOO; Bosnia and Herzegovina, 5OO0O0; Bulgaria, 5,7S5, GOO; Servia, 1,500,0O0; Belgium, 100000. Total, 56. .739, 900 quarters.
 RUSSIA SEALED UP
 There are of course other factors oper- ating in this war game which affect the foregoing stocks of the various countries Russia's vast stock is practically sealed up, and while it can supply her own army and people, it cannot get out through the Dardanelles, westward
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-04-18
Conservation Delegates Named

Montgomery, April 17.-(SpeciaL) Governor Henderson today appointed 19 delegates to represent Alabama at the National Conservation congress, which will be held in Washington, D. C., May 2 to A. Following is the list:
 A. M. Baldwin, Montgomery; W. w. Quarles, Selma; Sydney J. Bowie, Bir- mingham; Judge Thomas w. Coleman, Eutaw; F. M. Moody, Tuscaloosa; J.. T. Ashcraft, Florence; John B. Knox, Anniston; w. P. Lay, Gadsden; Law renee Cooper, Huntsville; w. T.. San ders, Athens; J. B. Barnett, Monrooeo- vile; R. V. Barnes, Opelika; R. F. l.. Cope, Union Springs; George H. Dent, Eufaula w. w. Ogden, Sulligent; T.. M. Espy, Dothan; Gregory l.. Smith, Mobile; s. w. Welch, Talladega; Daniel Pratt, Prattville.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-04-18

the country, but the soil everywhere in the United States contains the raw ma terial necessary for the cement industry.
 The manufacturers have been import ing some gypsum from Canada to pc uesd in plants near the Atlantic seaboard But there Is no good commercial reason for this, so the government authorities say, since in both New York state and in Virginia there are very great deposits of gypsum At one time, the manufactur- CTS of cement did buy certain of the ma chinery used in the manufacture from foreign makers. But, possibly as one re- suit of the European war, everything In the form of machinery now needed by a fully equipped modern cement mil! can be obtained in the United States
 Some of the manufacturers of cement are joining with other American manu- lecturers in attempt to secure export trade This is true of some of the Penn sylvania plants which have succeeded in establishing trade with South America, and 1t would not cause any surprise 1T several of the plants in the southern states in the present year obtained con- siderable export trade of cement with South American countries.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-04-18
TREMENDOUS WEAPON

SecOnd-1rrespect1ve of the exchange rate, the government purchase of wheat discloses the tremendous weapon which the Quadruple Allies possess in the con- trol of that fundamental food product. As it stands now, the countries form ing the quadruple alliance have an enor- nous stock of wheat, about one-half of the total worlds crop of 1915; the neu- tral countries come next with about half as much as the quadruple allies possess; and the central powers come last with a comparatively insignificant stock of the great food staple. rough summary showing the wheat holdings of the va rious groups is as follows:
 Quadruple allies, S23, 42O,00O quarters.
 Neutral countries 1S9, 900 quarters.
 Central powers, 56,739,000 quarters.
 That is, the quadruple allies have the bulk of the worlds wheat supply, and are buying up a good deal of the neur trals share, while the central powers have about one-sixth the supply of their opponent with little chance of buying from neutrals or getting it delivered if bought
 The details of wheat holdings by the two war groups, and by the neutrals can be approximately figured out from reports obtained through the corn ex- change. While not official the figures are published in the leading organs of
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-04-18
TAKE THIS FOR DISTRESSING
 BRONCHIAL COUGHS

Bronchitis often leaves a nervous hacking, worse on arising and at night fall, that is very wearing to. the strength and hard on the nerves Foley's Honey and Tar Compound spreads a healing, soothing coating on the inf1amed lining of the throat clear ing it at once of hoarseness and tick ling phlegm and stopping the severe racking cough Refuse any substitute offered in place of Foley's Honey and Tar. Sold everywhere.-Adv.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-04-18
Lon Young Captured

Montgomery, April T.-(Special )-An- nouncement was made by the state con- vict department today of the recapture of Lon Young, white convict of Jeffer- son county, who is serving a life sen tence. Young escaped from Speigners on April 13 and for three days remained in hiding beneath one of the buildings on the place. He ventured out of his hid- ing place on Saturday in search of food, and was recaptured. Another recapture announced was that of Tom Jenkins, also of Jefferson county, who escaped from Speigners in March. Jenkins was recaptured at Montevallo
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-04-18

of the state today, and will continue three days. The examination of Mont gomery county applicants are being held in the senate chamber. with about f0 candidates. Examinations for teachers licenses are held three times year, in December, April and July. As rule the largest number of applicants take the July examinations, owing to the fact that July is a vacation month. All pa pers are graded in the office of the state superintendent of education.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-04-18
All Men in the Army

Vienna, April 6-(SpeciaI. )-In the whole agricultural district of Dornbirn, about the same size as an American county, not single man can be found today The army has taken them all. The last man left on February 20 All the field work will now be done by women and children. Dornbirn is in the Vorarlberg. In western Austria
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-04-18
ross the Austro-German lines.

across the Austro- German lines, or northward through the ice ports and the German Baltic fleet. Belgiums stock, also, while controlled by the German occupants of the country, is by arrange ment used for internal needs So that these and some other small grain-pro- ducing countries are out of the world s fluctuations of grain as the food weapon of warfare.
 The recent government purchases in Australia and Argentina are referred to in an official statement, which says the British and French governments pur- chased 100000 tons of wheat from Aus tralia, the share of the British govern ment being 5000 tons. The Argentina purchase, the statement says, was 25O,0OO tons by the British government. At the prevailing rate this would be about s16,- 000,000 for the Australian and $20, ,OO0, 900 for the Argentina supplies. Details of the Roumania purchase are given in letters from Bucharest stating that Sir George Barclay, the British minister. signed the purchase contract. which the British le- ga tion announced was made in behalf of the government The purchase cov- cred 5000 carloads at 128 pounds per car load, or. total of 100000 sterling ($50, ,00O000.)
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-04-18
SeaSick
From an Exchange.

From an Exchange.
 Chollie-Are you fond of the water9p
 Elsie-Very! At the mere thought of sailing over the bounding waves I can scarcely contain myself
 Chollie-Yes, that's the way it af- fects me too
Evening star., 1916-11-05

with the Pasha's male relative riding on
camel in the midst of body-guard of
ninety Arabians, while ten Americans
herded the "army' and spurred it forward.
Our ancestors were also humorists. The
second ideal was Commodore Barrow
and afterward Commodore Rodgers, who
blockaded the port Of Tripoli, and so, by
preventing the Pasha from sending his
pirates out to sea, cut off his pocket
money. In May of 1905 the Pasha
capitulated. For the first time in the his
tory of the piratical Barbary Coast, a
Barbary government signed a treaty Of
peace on board foreign war-ship, and
one of the prime stipulations of that
treaty was "no tribute"
We handed similar ideals to the Sultan
of Morocco and to the Bey of Tunis, and
inally-making the job complete-to the
Dey of Algiers. This Dey was strong for
diplomacy. Having killed or imprisoned
a large number Of peaceful American
sailors. he wanted to talk things over in a
reasonable way. Would Commodore
Decatur give him truce of month or
so? Commodore Decatur would not A
Evening star., 1916-11-05

of the pirates who were shedding the
blood of the sailors of the merchant ships
of the world. Not liking the term "trib-
ute" we called it consular presents !"
presents made to the chieftain when he
was good enough to receive consul from
us to complain to him about the miseries
of our sailors in his prisons.
Converting the Pasha of Tripoli
VIRTUALLY every nation Of Europe
was meek enough to keep on doing
this. Our ancestors were not so meek.
In 1904 and 1906 they converted the
Pasha of Tripoli to better life by holding
up before him a set of higher ideals These
ideals were two in number.
The first was certain William Eaton,
who went to Alexandria in Egypt and
made his way up into the interior, and
there collected an army of 1000 ruffians
of all nationalities, picking up also an
exiled male relative of the Pasha of
Tripoli who thought he would like to be
Pasha, and then started westward straight
across the desert for the port Of Tripoli,
Evening star., 1916-11-05

key. LII was commanded by
Duncan Nathaniel Ingraham. Ingraham
had never heard that Americans who go
to a foreign country get beyond the pro-
lection of the United States.
In Smyrna, on land, there was an Amer
lean. Yet he was not quite an American.
He was Hungarian who had come to the
United States and had here declared his
"intention" of becoming an American.
He was what one might call near-Amer-
lean. His name was Martin Koszta. He
was wanted by the Hungarian
government for having taken part (before
coming to the United States) in the patri-
otic Hungarian rebellion of lS4S.
In the harbor of Smyrna there was also
an Austrian war vessel. She was brig,
and her name was the HuSzar.
Koszta was waylaid in Smyrna by hired
thugs and thrown into the harbor, and
there seized by sailors from the Huszdr,
who deposited him in the vessels hold.
The next move in the diplomatic game
was clearly Ingrahams.
Ingraham, like most of our naval Of
fcers before the Civil War, played the
diplomatic game in foreign parts with
great finesse. Ingraham sent note to
the commander of the Huszdr. 1t was
soothing note. 1t said that, unless koszta
was put back on land by four o'clock. the
81 Louis would go to the Huszar and get
him.
At four o'clock the ST. Louis ranged
herself alongside the Huszar, with her
guns loaded and aimed and her gunners
stripped. The commander of the Haszar
hauled Koszta out of the hold and put
him back on land.
Koszta came back to the United States.
Congress gave Ingraham sword.
The other method would have been to
let the Huszar take Koszta back to the
Austro-Hungarian port of Trieste and
there kill him, and then have Joint
High International Commission to tell his
children-or his grandchildren
he was killed properly or not. Our alleged
pacifst ancestors followed Ingrahams
method with extraordinary frequency.
Three years after the incident related,
on November Is, 1856, the American
sloop-of-war Portsmouth was lying (peace-
fully in the harbor of Canton in China.
There were eight forts on shore These
were real forts, with walls eight feet thick
and manned by 5000 Chinese troops. One
of these forts fired shot at the Ports
mouth. The Portsmouth's commander, An
drew Hull Foote, was one of our meekest
ancestors. He dumped his blue-iackets
and marines out into shallow water, waded
them ashore, marched around through
the knee-deep mud of the rice-ields to the
rear of the forts, attacked them, and six
days later had captured them all and
undermined them and blown them up.
No Chinese seaside forts ever again bonn
barded unoffending American ships.
Some people now propose to exclude all
such ncidents-incidents of blood-from
our history books. In other words, they
propose to exclude the very incidents by
which we brought bloodshed to a stop.
We used to pay tribute to the pirates
of the Barbary Coast on the south side of
the Mediterranean. Our history books
often suppress that fact. But fact it is:
we paid tribute. Congress would make
an appropriation, and an American vessel
would take it, either in cash or in "naval
stores" across the Atlantic and through
the Straits of Gibraltar to the chieftains
Evening star., 1916-11-05

couple of weeks? No. Three hours? Let
reason rule: three hours! Not one min
ute,' said Commodore Decatur. And the
Dey signed treaty which not only barred
him from collecting any more tribute
from us, but actually-to the astonish-
ment of Europe compelled him to COM
pensate American sailors for the losses he
had inflicted upon them.
So there was peace thereafter for usa
real peace, not a peace consisting of
continuous burnings and sinkings and
kidnappings-along the whole Barbary
Coast; and the esteem and respect in
which we were held may be judged by the
following first paragraph of the letter
which the Dey of Algiers proceeded to
send to the President of the United States:
To His Majesty the Emperor of America
and its adjacent and dependent provinces
and coasts-our noble friend-the support
of the kings of the nations of Jesus-the
pillar of all Christian sovereigns-the most
glorious among the Princes-elected among
many Lords and NOTES.-The happy, the
great. the amiable JAMES MADISON.
Evening star., 1916-11-05
An Extreme Case Of Protection

Il
THE most extreme case of the protection
of Americans abroad came in 1861 under
Abraham Lincoln. It was in Egypt. It
was only eight years after the Koszta in
cident; and the Barbary Coast incidents
were still actually remembered. No force
was needed, only resoluteness.
There lived in Egypt Syrian named
Faris. He was a Christian and he dis
tributed Bibles. He lived far away from
the sea-coast, in Upper Egypt, at Osiut.
The Mohammedan authorities of Osiut
were displeased with him because of his
activities on behalf of the Christian re-
ligion; and they tied him into foot-rack
and tortured him till he tainted in his
blood, and then attached him to prison.
post with an iron chain.
Now, Faris was not an American-not
even near-American. He was only
native assistant to American missionaries.
Our consul-general at Alexandria was
w. S. Thayer. Thayer went to the Egyp-
tian Minister of Foreign Affairs, and said
that Faris was not an American, but that
this was case 4to be settled not by
diplomatic technicalities but on its SUBJ
stantial merits and the principles Of JUS
tice and common sense Would the
Minister of Foreign Affairs please act?
A few days later Thayer was notified
that action had been taken. Certain Of
Fariss torturers had been degraded
from their offices; and there would be an
Investigation.
Thayer replied that no Investigation
was necessary, and that no amount Of
degrading would suffice. Let every one
Of Faris's torturers be sentenced to prison,
and let fine be collected from among
them to 60 to Faris for compensation.
Thayer would start for Osiut, and stay
on the job till it was done.
1t was done. All thirteen Of the tor
turers were imprisoned for year; and
they were fined, and Faris got 5000.
And Abraham Lincoln was so pleased
that he wrote an autograph letter to
Mohammed Said Pasha, Viceroy OF
Egypt, complimenting him on his excel
lent international manners.
In 1861 the arm Of the United States
was long enough to reach into Upper
Egypt to avenge-promptly and thor
oughly-a non-American Syrian who was
lucky enough to be associated with an
American philanthropic enterprise.
People sometimes say that we put up
with great deal from England before we
Evening star., 1916-11-05

IN July 2, 1858, the American
sloop-of-war st. Louis was lying
in the harbor of Smyrna in Tur-
~ KEY. 1t was commanded by