davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1916-05-10

Lake Superior shipping interests de
clare that they win never be able to
move the 55.00O,000 tons of iron ore
at which the demands Of next years
steel contracts have been estimated
The big Minnesota mines are at the
height of their prosperity along with
the rest Of the steel industry.
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1916-05-10
Fertilizers Recuire Study

The purchase and use of commercial
fertilizers require special study. The
buyer and user should know what are
the best fertilizers for special crops
an the different types of soil. Such
information may be obtained from the
state experiment station.
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1916-05-10
a Modern versi,r

Little ounces that are stolen
If you're careless when Sou buv.
Make dishones- competition
And the cost of living high.
State Dairy and Food Commission.
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1916-05-10

A Few Reasons for Pruning.
To limit the bearing area of
a tree by the removal of surplus
wood, thus preventing overpro-
duetion.
To remove dead. broken or
decaying branches.
To correct habits of growth.
To protect the tree from be-
ing storm injured.
To control the spread of dis
eases.
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1916-05-10

The Hlore warm air is mixed into
the sCfi before planting. the better
viii be the crops.
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1916-05-10
So Sudden, Too.

Geraldine-Do you get me?
Gerald-Is that a leap-year pro.
posal?-New York Times.
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1916-05-10

An old bachelor says there is a pc
riod in every woman's life when she
scretches out the size of her shoes.
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1916-05-10

Look here, young man, would
you commit q shady deed in or
der to save your sweetheart a
lot Of financial worry-if you
knew you wouldn't get into
trouble, but If you knew also
that the deed would cause 9TH
er men to lose money!
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1916-05-10

After what he has done in his
efforts to please her, how will
Brouillard square himself with
Amy for what she considers his
dishonorable aeta
Vernon County censor. [volume] (Viroqua, Wis.) 1865-1955, 1916-05-10
shlpnlnn Industry WorrIed.

'rSFSNFSSFFSSeFsNr -
CrO BE Continued
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1916-07-28
VAUDEVILLE SHOW

At the last meeting held by the
24th Labor Day picnic committee
last Friday night, the amusement
committee reported that John
Mccarthy came to Hamilton and
suggested that vaudeville show be
one of the features at the outing.
The committee will again meet
with Mccarthy and will find out
just how many acts will be
best to put on. Mccarthy is now
running a booking house in Gin
cinnati and he is getting the best
acts obtainable. A good show in
the afternoon and one in the even
ing should be a great drawing card
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1916-07-28
He Works Every Day To Earn
S69 A Month.

New York, July 28.-F. p. Fra
leigh, Of Poughkeepsie, n. y,
told the federal beard of arbitra-
ton that he must work 365 days a
year to earn $50 month. Other
signal men, he said, are forced to
do other work to make ends meet.
The witness declared he has not
taken vacation since 1907 when
he collapsed from working II hours
day. He said his wife is forced
to work as a nurse.
The board Of arbitration is CON
sidering the wage controversy be-
tween the Order Of Railroad Tele-
graphers and the New York Cen
tral and West Shore railroads.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1916-07-28
No Change Al Blacks

There is no change in the strike
situation at the Black & Clawson
shops. The machinists are still
doing picket duty and report that
no machinists have been successful
In going through their lines with
out their knowledge. There might
be chance of settling the strike If
the officials of the plant meets the
committee as they should. The
machinists are still of the opinion
that one of their shop committee
men Bergman was not given a
square deal The foreman has
failed to prove that Bergman was
disturber. Until he does the mach
inists will be contented to remain
on the outside.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1916-07-28
Oppose no Strike" Law.

Denver, Col, July 2S.-In an
address to the local Trades Assem-
bly, on Colorados law which pre-
hibits strike until 30 days notice
is given a state commission, A. +.
of is Representative Grant Hamil-
ton said.
And what was the sinister in
huence that put this law upon the
statute books ? Exactly the same
influence that brought Mackenzie
King the gentleman responsible
fer the adoption in Canada of the
Lemieux act-the manager Of the
Rockefeller interests, to this state.
This great concern on the part
of those who do not belong to the
labor movement is due to the fact
that they are thoroughly conver-
SAINT with and understand full we'll
the value that lies In the right 10
strike.
i understand there are some
who say there may be some good
feature in this law l have not yet
found single individual whe can
point out one good feature not one.
Destroy the Objectionable features,
and you destroy the law. The
idea behind 1t all is that the labor
movement shall delegate its rights
to commission, and that commits
sion shall dispense them at will"
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1916-07-28
CORAL REEFS.
Natures Methods In Building These
Seashell Monuments

Coral reefs surround many Of the Is
lands in the Pacific. They protect the
lowlands from the washing of the
waves, and the still waters inclosed by
them are the only harbors of refuge for
ships. The reefs themselves furnish
the greatest peril to navigation. and If
there were no inlet through which Il
vessel could enter their protected cir
Gle they would be a danger and nothing
else
But almost every reef has such an
inlet 1t is a necessary result Of the
laws under which the forces Of nature
work. To understand this we must see
how these reefs are formed
Chemically the reef corals are almost
pure carbonate of lime, the substance
of ordinary limestone ana marble. The
reef grows as the shell of the oyster or
any other shellfish grows. 1t is itself
the common and undivided shell of In
Vulnerable polypi, or minute insects,
which are being produced and are
dying in successive generations.
These tiny beings get all their living
from the waters of the sea. 1t is from
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1916-07-28

Born In Tennsy1Vanla, he had grown
to manhood the banks of the Yadkin
In North Carolina, had built his hut
and married early, after the fashion OF
the locality. But he found tilling the
ground dull work when the forest
called. Expeditions into it to hunt game
or to make salt at the salt licks. where
animals and men alike went to satisfy
their cravings, only fastened It's do
minion more firmly upon him, and
when a wal ering Indian trader stray
ed across his pathway and told him OF
the rich country to the west called
Kentucky, which, in the language OF
the red men, meant lat the head of the
river or Long river" he gave him
self up to it with fervor that was lit
tie short Of fatalism, believing himself
ordained of God to settle the wilder
Helen Nicolay, in Century Mag
aZtne
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1916-07-28
Yawger Company Re-
fuses to Recognize
Eight Hour Law.

After the committee of the Cooperative Trades and Labor
Council with the commissioners the prosecuting
Harry Marshal engineer for the Yawg company week Marshall
agreed to have talk with Yawger the
Monday of the firms intentions Coson agent
the Carpenters Union Yawger Marshal Monday
bridge Yawgr informed him that company going
nue working they have been regardless of the eight
Men working the bridge have told the agent
that they compelled
and the night say they compelled night
This in violation of the which provides that
corporation shall work their than eight houis
The Is follows:
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1916-07-28
Unanimous Consent.

There was a wedding in a certain
church the other day, and, as usual, the
minister In the course of the ceremony
said: "If any one has aught to say why
this couple should not be joined in the
holy bonds of wedlock let him now
speak or forever hold his peace" Dur
ing the silence that followed a man
who was accustomed to serving as a
chairman of meetings arose and, rap
ping the top of the pew sharply with
his knuckies, said, "There being no OBJ
lection, the motion is arried."-New
Orleans States,
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1916-07-28
BOoNE'S PLACE IN HISTORY.
A Figure That Stands For All That Is
Typical of Pioneer Days.

Kentucky's rich country had original
ly been a neutral zone, threaded with
Indian trails, a territory where nol
might dwell, but through which all
were at liberty to move in hunt or war.
The shade Of its forests was so dense,
the story of its white settlement SO
full Of tragedy, that 1t was known as
the dark and bloody ground"
The great character of its pioneer
period had been Daniel Boone, whose
picturesque, half legendary figure
stands for I'll that IS typical In that
vanished phase Of our national life.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1916-07-28

this source also that they derive the
salts of lime from which they secrete
the bony structure that remains after
the animal Is dead.
The coral polypi cannot live in fresh
water Their food supply is brought to
them by the waves and currents Of the
sea. AS a result it is found that direct
ly opposite the mouth of the stream
from the island the reef does not groy
There will be the inlet to the inclosed
waters-Los Angeles Times.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1916-07-28
or a long period In an English coal

for long period In an English coal
mine.
The Sunday stone," as 1t is called,
was removed from a colliery drain
When the miners were at work the
water running through the drain left
deposit colored black by the coal dust,
but when no work was being done
the water ran down clear and left a
white deposit. These deposits in the
course OF time built up the stone.
Each day of work left black streak.
Immediately followed by white streak
made during the night Wide viii =
streaks indicate the holidays and Sun
days.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1916-07-28
When Nature Wac TImekeeper.

In the British museum is large
stone composed of carbonate of lime,
which would serve perfectly as day Ia,
borers calendar, inasmuch as it would
indicate to him every Sunday and holi-
day of the ear, though not the day of
the month. Moreover, the stone is an
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1916-07-28
House Bill No. 100
AN ACT

General Assembly of the State of Ohio
Section Except of extraordinary emergency
not to exceed eight hours shall constitute days
not to exceed yeight hours weeks work,
engaged public work carried aided by
any political subdivision thereof
otherwise and shall be unlawful for ay person
corporation association whose duty shall be employ
direct and control the services of such workmen
qure permit any of them labor than eight
in any calendar day than forty eight any
week except of extraordinary emergency This
section stal be construed include policemen fire
Section Any person shall violate any pro.
visions of this shall be deemed guilty misdemeanor
and upon conviction be fined exceed FIVE hundred dol
lars or be imprisoned than six months both
Section B. This shall be in force applicable all
tracts let on and after July |, 1915.
c. L. SWAIN
Speaker of the House o. Representatives
HUGH L, NICHOLS,
President OF Senate.
Passed April 28tb, 1913.
Approved May 9th, 1913.
JAnHs NJ. Cox
Governor.
Filed in the office Secretary State May 18th 1913
333 G.
meeting of Central body will be held Tuesday
night The committee will that the Yawger
comply with the law and given
full power bring legal proceedings against the company When
the company handed in bid they twenty
dollars higher than when they bid this bridge Their
for increasing the bid the say
the eight hour the material County
Hemann told the committee Wednesday morning Yawger
and informed him that comply with
promised do To business agent carpenters
lutey refused The information the committee has date is
the day work eight hours and half paid
The night work nine hours and paid for eight
The Pickens sentinel. (Pickens, S.C.) 1911-2016, 1916-09-28
SOUTH CAROLINA NEWS ITEMS

Over 100000 vaccine points havc
been issued by the state board of
health since 1908, according to James
a. IIaync, M. d.. state health officer
He estimates that at least GOO 00O
persons were vaccinated
The governors OF North Carolina
tennessee, Georgia and Florida, with
their stats, have been asked hy Gov.
Manning, In behalf OF the Harvest IN.
bilee committee, to participate IN tho
oficial opening OF the state fair IN
Columbia October 23.
Gov. Manning will probably des,r.
nate rife team 10 represent Sonth
Carolina at the national rifle matches
&c be hold at Jacksonville October
~ to &c. w. w. Moore, adjutant
general, has recommended that n
team be appointed from this stat,
me FLORENCE Daily Times has re-
serted to the editorial control q,
Hartwell NJ, Aver, who for so many
years directed its policy. Mr. Ayers
became the general manager through
the purchase of controlling intores,
from James d. Evans. to whom he
sold control several years asc
The Pickens sentinel. (Pickens, S.C.) 1911-2016, 1916-09-28
Had Learned His Lesson.

After one of the reservations hnd
Deen opened, the white community was
ANNOYED by the prOmiscuous swear
ing or the noble red man, numbers of
whom seemed quite unaware of the
strength of their recently acquired vo-
cabulary. This condition became so in
tolerable that several arrests we're
made and jail sentences imposed. 1t
was not long before the native sons Of
America realized that swearing III pub
lie was very bad business, ana they
uitq. One Of these Indians was wit
ness In case Of some Importance in
the local justice court, and had testi-
ned to certain facts which greatly ex-
asperated counsel for defense. With
MS hand upraised the lawyer impress
sivcly thundered: "Now, Nick, will
you swear" mol !" shouted the In
dian. me no swear! Swear talk no
good here-gettum jail"
The Pickens sentinel. (Pickens, S.C.) 1911-2016, 1916-09-28
RELIABLE REMEDY
RESTORES KIDNEYS

For many years druggists have watched
with much interest the remarkable record
maintained by DR.. Kilmer's Swamp. Root.
edy. ~ ~
1t is physician's prescription.
Swamp-Root is a STRENGTHENING medi.
cine. Dr. Kilmer used it for years in his
private practice. 1t helps the kidneys,
liver and bladder do the work nature in.
tended they should do.
Swamp Root has stood the test of years
1t is sold by all druggists on it's merit and
1t will help you. No other remedy can
successfully take it's place.
BE sure to get Swamp.R Root and start
treatment at once.
However, If you wish fret to test this
great preparation send ten cents to DR..
Kilmes & Co., Binghamton, N. Y, for a
sample bottle. When writing be sure and
mention this paper.-Adv.
The Pickens sentinel. (Pickens, S.C.) 1911-2016, 1916-09-28
CALOMEL !! makes !| YOU SICK, UGH!
IT'S MERCURY AND SAL[yATES
op vp lont Lose Days Work! Clean Your sluuish
1Ne' ana Bowels With 4Dodson's Liver Tone" '9''"

osn' Calomel makes you sick Ta,,.
q dose OF the vile. dangerous ar,,s, "hs ..'
days work. 'ose
Ua,omel Is mercury or quicksilv.r
which causes necrosis Of the hnnaa'
Caiomel, when It comes into conta =.
win sour bile crashes into 1t, break.
ing it up. This is when you feel thn,
awiai nausea and cramping. II Won
reei sluggish and "all knocked out" Il
your liver Is torpid and bowels consti.
pated or you have headache, dizziness,
coated tongue, If breath is bad or
stomach sour just try spoonful Of
harmless Dodson's Liver Tone.
here's my guarantee-Go to any
drug store or dealer and get a 50.cent
bottle OF Dodson's Liver Tone. Take
spoonful tonight and IL 1t doesn't
The Pickens sentinel. (Pickens, S.C.) 1911-2016, 1916-09-28
lmparting information.

The British soldier Will make a Joke
even against himself. An elderly lady
IN bus noticed the initials ar. d. g."
on soldiers tunic. She puzzled her
Drains, but could not solve the mystery
as to their meaning. At last her curl
ostty overpowcred her and she asked
'what they stood for. Reformed
DrYnkards' corps. maam," said the
solder gravely. Dear me-" said the
lady, "how very interesting" And
probably not one OF those who laughed
at the reply could have explained what
IL. u. O." really means.-Iondon
Chronicle.
The Pickens sentinel. (Pickens, S.C.) 1911-2016, 1916-09-28

straighten you right up and make you
teei hne and vigorous by morning l
want you to go back to the store and
get your money. Dodson's Liver Tone
is destroying the sale of calomel be.
cause 1t Is real liver medicine; entire.
~ vegetable. therefore 1t cannot sail.
Vate or make you sick.
l guarantee that one spoonful Of
Dodson's Liver Tone will put your slug.
Ssh a.. nVer to work and clean your bow
s ot that sour bile and constipated
"aste which is clogging your system
Gnu Gnu making you feel miserable. guar.
m n.ee that o bottle of Dodsonss Liver
ina / oe NV WIZ keep your entire family feel.
.ns nne ror months. Give it to your
W.. IT is harmless; doesn't gripe
una 'ney like it's pleasant taste.-Adv,
The Pickens sentinel. (Pickens, S.C.) 1911-2016, 1916-09-28

Governor Names SpecIaI Judaes.

Governor Names Special Judqes.
because OF the Illness OF judge
Spain. Gov. Manning has appointed
the following special judges:
II. G. Holman OF Barnwell. to pre.
side over tho regular term OF tho
court OF general Sessions for Barn.
well county, beginning tho second
Monday in November.
Charles Carroll Sims OF BarnwoIl
to hold tho regular term of the court
of general sessions for Saluda county
beginning October @.
w. b. Wilson Of Rock I'M. 10 hold
tho regular term OF tho court OF eon.
eral sessions for Edgcncld county. bo
ginning October 8.
L William p. Grecno OF AbboyilIc IN
hold tho regular term OF court OF
common pleas for Edgoneld county
beginning October 1G
JOS A. Mccullough Of Grccnyillo
to hold tho regular term OF court OF
common pleas for Lexington county
beginning November 6.
The appointments by Gov. Munnlng
were made upon the recommendation
OF the chief Justice Of tho supreme
| court
The Pickens sentinel. (Pickens, S.C.) 1911-2016, 1916-09-28

The officers OF both the infantry
regiments and OF the independent
units from South Carolina on the Dor.
der at a meeting decided so give a re.
ception and dance In El Paso on the
29th of this month. A committee OF
six from each regiment and one each
f-cm the troop OF cavalry. the compauy
o. engineers and the field hosp,tai,
was named to make an OF the arrange
mcnts. 1t was decided TO restrict in.
vitations to brigade and division com
manders OF organizations from other
states and the regular army. General
hali. Jr. will be among tho guests
The Pickens sentinel. (Pickens, S.C.) 1911-2016, 1916-09-28
MOTHER, ATTENTION.!
Gold Ring for saby FREQ.

Get 25c Bottle of Baby Ease from
any drug store. mail coupon as di.
rected and gold ring (guaranteed,,
proper size, mailed you. Baby Ease
cures Bowel Complaints and Teethine
Troubles of Babies.-Adv.
The Pickens sentinel. (Pickens, S.C.) 1911-2016, 1916-09-28
Perfectly Good Don

AIRS. Jones-fiarry. shall 1 send
ftdo to the dog show next weekP'
Harry-No, dear; I'm afraid ba
isn't good enough.
Mrs. Jones--Not goon enough WHY.
ftdo never did anything wrong in his
life.-Stray Stories.
The Pickens sentinel. (Pickens, S.C.) 1911-2016, 1916-09-28
Whenever You Need a General Tonic
Take Groves

Tho Old Standard Groves Tasteless
chill Tonic Is equally valuable as a Cen
eral Tonic because it contains the we'll
known tonic properties of QUININE and
IRON 1t acts on the Liver. Drives out
Malaria. Enriches the Blood and Builds
mp the Whole System so cents
The Pickens sentinel. (Pickens, S.C.) 1911-2016, 1916-09-28
Looks So.

LOOKS so.
Patience--I see sixty thousand wom-
en- In London were thrown out Of work
by the war.
Patience-Oh. did the war stop bridge
whist?
The Pickens sentinel. (Pickens, S.C.) 1911-2016, 1916-09-28

DR.. Peery's "DEAD SHOT" Is on effective
medicine for Worms or Tapeworm in adults
,or children. One dose Is sufficient and no
supplemental purge necessary.
The Pickens sentinel. (Pickens, S.C.) 1911-2016, 1916-09-28
His Tree.

Biil-IIas he family tree?
Jill--Oh, yes.
"Whnt Is it2"
"Well, It's of the nut-bearlng fam
lly."
The Pickens sentinel. (Pickens, S.C.) 1911-2016, 1916-09-28
LIGHT DRAGONS
VERY EFFICIENT
ONE OF THE eEST CAVALRY OR.
GANlZATIoNs ON THE BoR.
DER-YoUNGEs COLONEL.
NEWS FROM BORDER CAMP

A Weekly Letter. Prepared Especially
For Our Readers, From the Soutt
Carolina Guardsmen Encamped al
Fort Bliss, Texas.
In Camp with the South Carolina
Brigade. IN the FL paso Patrol District
The Charleston Light Dragons are
rapidly becoming one Of tho best train.
ed cavalry organizatit. on the Dor
der In recent test army Officers;
The Dragons came out with a score
OF 100 per cent in appearance and care
of equipment. got second place in prog.
ross and equitatiOn and third in bit.
ting and saddiimg. SO noticeable Is
the progress which the Dragons are
making that the Massachusetts OIL.
GERS. squadron Of whose cavalry is
In the provisional regiment with the
Dragons have complimented the Pal.
metto horscmen highly One of the
Bay State newspaper men said TO this
correspondent that he officers OF his
state had praised the Dragons and
one OF lhrir leaders predicted that the
South Earoinlans would soon have an
cnicicN and we'll trained group OF
: raya.rymcu "a thcr. 10 IN ,ho hnr,,o,
Tho Dr,ronn. wont. ,,,o ,,r,,,.;
siono, r,uir,nr, .,n,r ,v;,h
OF cavalry from phodo island ,n1
squadron from Massachusetts and both
Of these had been on the border sew.
eral weeks before Inc p,,mn,to hov.
arIycd and 20, in ,hn ;n.mo.,inn ,;,s
Palmetto hovs .h,wo1 ~, l., M ,.a,,,
ranks win ,hn bor,,,,n, ,r,,,,, 49,,
other sta,cs q,hn r,y c,o,n
nrajsa r.nnni,n, ~, nr.,,o, =!
South c,r,,in, or,,,;,o,,nn 49,,
see an ;ln,, r,v,i,, ,r,n,, ,,,an ,a.
week ,ra;pim, ~, 49,, ' nan,,a ".,, " ~"
8'"ays at Work.
s.,n .'''o'',,, ''c ""FN'hs rom
30" a III until y m and even
aftrr 'hai HOUR II" Officers and non
NNt'''E'."''' = o,'''r"N a'v BUSY s;udy.
'!'s '''' 'A".tS NroA'2N> laid OIL. :or
.Hen- "..! N;~s"..% =? IN D...::a.y
'0e.
ne !''S 1" r.:-Ga1r - =.
"as' ''r2ss p: :-%,' -7s-: -
aa'i''S ,."92 ;:a-- u: v+.
a7r H.i E.@; ;:Hr.- =:.' If.
'A'.2e -".-T .'5'-s =,c.
~ s'::;
9!t>| ,'- :: ~:--=
= ~A'".;' ,:-. ;+.: sA-..ilr
=" ' -AT-E H-
''h!N!!', e2-.-----.
.-e ~, "@.:i. :*T.*~ a.3 "a.
noho "i;AoU: previous .n,:tna:!on
The Pickens sentinel. (Pickens, S.C.) 1911-2016, 1916-09-28

1t requires one ton Of musl-rose pet
als to distill one pound Of pure altar
Of roses.
The Pickens sentinel. (Pickens, S.C.) 1911-2016, 1916-09-28

All Parents Know That.
Every bright boy. ut the age Of four,
becomes on animated Interrogation
point.
The Pickens sentinel. (Pickens, S.C.) 1911-2016, 1916-09-28
F. Nj. Osteen Victim Auto Acc

r. NJ. Osteen Victim Auto Accident
Greenviile.-F NJ. Osteen for many
years superintendent of the Poe Mfg.
Co, and prominent mill man of this
section was killed Sunday night about
10 o'clock, two miles beyond Travellers
Rest when the automobile in which he
was riding turned over an embank.
ment None of the other occupants
Q, the ca-. all of them members of the
Ostssn family, was injured save for
slight bruises. William Osteen, son
OF ths dead man, was driving when the
accident occurred. Mr.. Osteen and
several members of his family were re-
turning from Asheyille and were run.
ming without lights. Some so feet
ahead was machine with lights and
they were trailing this car The lead.
Ing car ran close to an cmbankment
and William Osteen following and run.
ming about eight miles an hour ran q
trlfie closer. The dirt gave way and
the machine turned over several times
down the embankment.