davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-08-29
RICH RUSSIA A
CHRONIC DEBTOR
A Study of Her Present
War Inflated Financial
Condition.
By SRINIVAS r. WAGEL.

ganda is being carried on in thi,
country to induce people in this coun-
try to loan money to Russia. Various
statements have been made about
Russia's financial position and trade,
special emphasis being laid upon the
great possibilities of the future. Rus
STA has always been land OF great
possibilities and the country was always
on the eve Of industrial regeneration
during the past four decades. Little
actual result has, however, been
achieved.
Russia has always been a debtor
country, in modern history Before
the war, more than one-half of its
state and railway securities were
placed abroad, chiefly in France, Hol-
land, Germany and Belgium. The SER
vice of the state loans alone neces-
STATED annual remittances to the ex-
tent Of 4O2 100000 rubles. Private en-
terprises were also greatly financed
with foreign, chiefly French, money.
The Russian securities held in France
at the outbreak Of the war we're esti-
mated at a value of over 10000, 100000
francs.
Foreign Capital.
Not only were the Russian state, Rus
sian railways and Russian industry
largely financed by foreign capital, but
Russian commerce was also possible
because of foreign credit. The Rus
sian banks usually rediscounted their
commercial acceptances without ex-
change risk to the lenders (the so-called
pensions) or drew long bills on foreign
banks with Russian acceptances for col /
lateral; the bulk Of such transactions
was done in France, and the balance in
Germany, Belgium, Holland and Eng
land. When the war broke out, the
French banks were in a serious posi-
ton, as a result of granting such
credits; the Bank of France placed a
credit of 100000 900 francs at the dis
posal of the Russian State Bank, in
order that the debts of the Russian
banks to the French banks might be
partly discharged. AS matter Of fact,
director of the Russian State Bank
stated recently that the amount was
only sufficient t. meet a fraction of the
obligations.
Since the war began Russia has been
borrowing again. In England the I'M
perial Russian Treasury has raised, up
to June, 1,44s,00O,OOO rubles; in
France, 235, 900, 900, besides the 100000
600 francs advanced to the Russian
State Bank. Within the country itself
Russia has raised 5,OO0,OO0,oOo rubles;
the larger part of it was sub
scribed by the banks, and the public
response has been poor. The total OF
these loans, both foreign and internal,
has been insufficient to meet war ex-
penditure; so the Russian government
has increased its note circulation from
1.640, 900. 900 before the war to $780,
900 900 at date, while the gold stock in
the country is only 1850, 100000 rubles
the gold balance abroad meaning
nothing at all. Further expansion of
notes is contemplated; the only limi-
tation being that the notes must be
covered by short term exchequer bonds.
The London Economist" has already
pointed cut that this printing of paper
rubles is easy, but dangerous policy"
Az a matter of fact, stamps for small
values are now circulating in Russia
as money.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-08-29

Below is given the current exchange
value of foreign money in dollars and
cents. together with the intrinsic gold
partly as calculated by the United
States Mint:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-08-29
Current

The above rates express the cost of
foreign money in terms of the Ameri-
can dollar You buy an English pound
sterling for s475A; the intrinsic par
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-08-29
Finance Economics

GARET GARRETT, Editor.
WALL STREET OFFICE Ielephone',
Mills Building Is Broad 81. Hanover o''
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-08-29

Sub-Treasury.- New York banks lost
to the Sub Treasury s805,000.
Silver.-Bars in London. 81 Ills
pence. Bars in New York, 66ls cents.
Mexican dollars, 81 u G55A cents.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-08-29

This total excludes the cred'I :"
$50 ,000, 900 arranged in this eounu'
How she is going to meet this W"
total of obligations and pay in'e's"
and amortization is, indeed, a 'sn''
problem for her statesmen.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-08-29
War Industry.

We are informed that the Russian
industry at present is fourishing owing
to the fact that q new spirit is per-
vading the country. In the congress
of the bank directors, which was held
in Petrograd in June, the manager of
the Banque Internationale de Com
merce de Tetrograd pointed out the
role which banks fulfilled in the in
dustry which was orking for national
defence. he is reported TO have stated
that OF the i,000,O0O,O0O rubles
which, roughly speaking, form the
assets of the Russian commercial
banks, 3,000,00O,0O0 were being in
vested in state loans and in the in
dustry which was working chiefly for
the military needs of the government.
AS far as the Banque Internationale
was concerned, three-fourths of its
balance sheet represented credits
granted 20 enterprises which were
working for the war. In other words.
Russian banks will have to carry the
manufacturers 20 the extent of 3,0OO,-
100000 rubles until the Russian gov
eminent is Bile 10 pay il.
Russian circulation has been inflated
20 such extent as 10 increase prices
threeiold. The Russian government
has been paying its hcme debts by
printing paper. No other country has
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-08-29

been obliged 10 purchase so mucs
abroad, as compared with its liquid
resources in other countries. As 4
matter Of Fact, England has been doing
the purchasing for Russia It 10 well
known that Russian balances Of gold
abroad do not represent actual geld
at all, but credits established for her
by England and France. IL Is vsfI
hard to understand the bookkeeping
methods OF Russia. In the past hs'
foreign gold credits were annually re-
plcuished by borrowings in Frame
England and Germany; and she wa
able to nay in gold the tremeniOsi
obligations on her coupons and amor
tization by this means. Since the var
started Russia has declared mora
toriurl, and has paid not cent on beg
old obligations, even to her allies. "
course sh, does not pay interest 81
loans made &c her by Germany; ts'
total is now accruing, and loans sna
discount to the total of several h1'1
bred million rubles have already ma
tured and will have 10 be paid mi
mediately after the war. Even Jsps'I
who is an ally Of Russia, wanted 4
guarantee from England before supply
l.
Il is all very we'll u say that Russi
Is a rich country and has great pos
sibilities. It is. no doubt, rich, IN :"
far as q far seeing sgrarisn polie
and a clean government can bring aooa
the vast development in its sgricul'a"
resources.
The Debt
Like a famous French fnsneief u
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-08-29
Fractional Lot Service

Orders executed in any amount OF
Stocks and Bonds for cash.
We carry 10, 20 or 50 share lots OF
seasoned. safe stocks, dealt in on any
Of the Exchanges. or margin.
On the Consolidated Exchange all
our orders, reports and quotations are
transmitted by signal, afordirg IN
Simultaneous service.
Certified accountants statement OF
audit of our books published quar-
IerIy.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-08-29

Bank Exchanges days clear
ngs at New York and other cities:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-08-29
The Debt

Like a famous French hnsneief y
old, who said: "Je Wis de mon passh
Russia is dangling before US her grs'
future. Her obligations at present s''
made up of:
National debts prior to
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1916-04-15
ST. PAUL'S CHOIR

Tomorrow being Palm Sunday, the
choir of St. Paul's Church will sing
"Fling Wide the Gates" from Strainer
at the offertory at the
morning service, Mr.. Ogden, the tenor
soloist of the choir, singing the incl
dental solo. At the offertory in the
evening. Mr. Waller, baritone, will
sing "The Palms, assisted by the
full chorus. Tuesday evening at 8
o'clock the choir will render Du Bols'
"The Seven Last Words of Christ,
the soloist being Mrs. Harrle White
soprano, Mr.. Ogden, tenor and Mr.
Waller, baritone with chorus of 81
voices. The choir is also preparing
an elaborate program for. Easter
Sunday morning, which will be pub
lished later.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1916-04-15
Germans Bring up 100000
and Hurl Them. Into
The Fray
ACCOMPLISH LITTLE
Activity on Both Sides of Meuse Con.
fined to Artillery Duels Favoring
French.

Paris, April, 15.-After an unprece-
dented struggle of 50 days, the first
battle of Verdun may be considered
ended, in the opinion of French mill
tary critics.
These critics also agree that the
next phase of the German assault is
being prepared with the utmost delib-
Grafton. The continued bombardment
of the French lines to the west of
Hill No. 304, a small attack last
night south of Douaumont OH the
east side of the Meuse and two artil-
lery engagements in the region of
Mort Homme today are looked upon
as only an interlude.
As showing the extent of the Ger
man preparations for the next at
tack the Petit Parisien is authority
for the statement that seven new
German divisions arrived at the Yer
dun front last Sunday. Five of these
divisions 100000 men) were. immed-
lately thrown into battle, while the
other two were used later. The net
result of all these efforts was the cap
ture of 500 yards of trenches on the
north slope of Dead Mans Hill Mort
Homme) at the cost of 10000 men.
The Echo de Paris says that troops
which were formerly facing the Brit
ish have been sent to Verdun. at is
certain" says this paper, that the
Germans are now weakening other
parts of their line to strengthen their
front at Verdun."
Artillery monopolized practically
all the activity on the Verdun front
yesterday, as was the case last night,
West ofthe Meuse a violent lombard
mcnt was delivered by the Germans
against the French lines to the west
of Hill 3O4, says the French official
communication published early in the
day. Yesterday evening, to the east
of the Meuse, small attack was
made on the French positions south
of Douaumont, but it was completely
repulsed. There was lively lombard
ment south Of Haudremont. In the
Woevre district artillery duels took
place.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1916-04-15
CHRIST CHURCH CHOIR

A special musical service will be
held in Christ Church on Sunday
evening, April 18th at 7:30 O'Clock
under the direction Of James +
Bagley. Stainer's ever popular
"CruciiiXion" will have its second rem
dition by Christ Church choir and
the work with certain portions re.
arranged for mixed voices will be
given as it was sung last Lent. \
Mr.. Harrison Of Washington who is
engaged in literary pursuits was a
merlber of the choir in London for
which the Crucifxion" was written.
the rector Of the Church being Dr.
barrow Simpson who compiled the
words. The choir was small one
and had no Soprano or alto soloists.
Stainer therefore gave all the solo
parts to mems voices. Probably no
composition of recent years has at
:ained the popularity of this work
and each Lent adds to the list of
choirs that use it.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1916-04-15
BLOWN AGAINST AUTO. {.
One Child Dead and Her Sister May
Die-Were Skating on Street.

Baltimore, April 15-1As Sophie and
Lillian Doerr were skating arm in
arm on West street yesterday after
noon an automobile crashed into them
at Hanover and West streets. Sophie
10 years old, died a few minutes lat
err at the South Baltimore Eye, Ear
and Throat Hospital, of a broken
neck, Lillian, 7 years old, is still un-
conscious at Mercy Hospital.
The sisters are the children of Mr.,
and Mrs. George Doerr, lat West
Cross street, and were on their way
to gymnasium.
Neither the occupants Of the car
nor the little girls saw one another
until just before the collision. The
sisters were skating with the wind
and it is thought they did not realize
it's power until they attempted to
stop. The wind was directly behind
then. and blew them against the car
with terrific force. They struck the
rear end of the car and sank uncon-
scious to the ground.
For over an hour the body of Sophia
lay unidentified at the hospital. None
of the eyewitnesses knew the girls
and it was not until just before 6
o'clock that a patrolman located Mrs.
Doelr She went with him to the hos.
pital and identified the dead girl as
her daughter. The officials at the
hospital, fearing the effect on her
did not want here to get too near
the body, but she would not believe
her daughter was dead until they
allowed her to touch the face and
hands Of the little girl. For time
she was prostrated and had to be
assisted to her home.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1916-04-15
MORE SHIPS SUNK
Dutch Ship From Baltimore Strikes
Mine

Harwick, England, April 15-The
sinking of two British steamers by
German submarines was reported yes
tcrday afternoon. They were the
Robert Adamson, 2,97S tons, Of
Sunderland, and the Angus, 3,6l9 tons
of Dundee.
The crew of the Robert Adamson
was landed at this port.
The Angus was unarmed.
London, April 15-The British bark
Inverlyon has been sunk by sub
marine, according to report receiv-
ed by Lloyds. Twelve members of the
crew were rescued.
Valencia, Spain, April l5-The Brit
ish steamship Lady Plymouth has ar
rived here, towing the Russian barken-
tine Imperator and having on board
"a members of the crew of the Brit
ish steamer Angus, sunk by Ger
man submarine. The Imperator was
damaged by gunfre and fire.
Gravesend, April 15.- The Dutch
steamship Colombia, from Baltimore
March 90 for Amsterdam, put in at
Gravesend yesterday, having been
damaged by striking a mine in the
English Channel Wednesday.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1916-04-15
IN MEMORIAM.

In loving memory of AUDREY L.
ROBERTS, who left US two years ago
April 18th.
Our empty arms when loved ones
part.
From being idle ache,
We never know we have a heart
Till it begins to break.
Home is sad, Oh God, how dreary,
Lonesome, lonesome, every spot,
Listening for her voice till weary,
weary, for we hear it not.
We shall never cease to love her
Though her form is in the dust
And some day we hope to meet her.
To this end in God we trust. =.
MOTHER
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1916-04-15
.ly, one American soldier was Killed
and few of the inhabitants wound
ed in the Parral fight.
KILLED BY ELECTRIC CAR.
Man and Woman Meet Death Near
Annapolis Junction,

Annapolis, Nd, April l5.-Herbert
Orr, an assistant in the paymaster's
division of the War Department,
Washington, and Mrs. Watkins, form
erly Miss Jessie Patterson, of Boon
Vile, Ind, were killed yesterday ev-
ening while walking along the Wash
ington, Baltimore and Annapolis
Electric Railroad tracks near the
Naval Academy Junction by being
struck by a Baltimore bound car. The
accident occurred shortly before Z
O'Clock and is believed to have been
due to the high wind which drowned
the noise of the approaching car.
Mr.. Orr and Mrs. Watkins had
alighted from a car at the Naval
Academy Junction and proceeded
down the tracks toward Mr.. Orr's
bungalow at Conway Station, just
south of the junction. The road on
this section is straight and the trains
run a little above the average speed
The Baltimore-b bound train, of which
Palph Ward was the motorman,
came down the track at fair rate
of speed, and when he saw the couple
he blew the whistle and applied the
brakes. They were tco close to the
car and before it could be brought
to a stop they were ground to death
beneath the wheels. The mangled
bodies were removed to the Naya,
Academy Junction.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1916-04-15

orders will be, issued to, submarine
commanders and the further pledge
that these orders will be. obeyed to
the letter. Inability on the part OF
Germany to restrain her naval Off
GERS will not be accepted even as an
extenuation of any crime they may
commit.
If Germany fails to- give such an
answer or, after giving it, fails to
live up to it, it is understood that
President Wilson will deal no longer
with Germany as a friendly nation,
but will withdraw Ambassador Ge-
ard and hand Ambassador Bern
storff his passports.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1916-04-15
ST. MARY'S CHURCH.
Program of Services for Holy Week,
Commencing Tomorrow.

The program for services at st.
Mary's Catholic Church for Holy
Week, commencing tomorrow. will be
as follows; Tomorrow, Palm Sunday,
blessing palms, at l0:45 a. m., and
distribution of palms at II o'clock
Wednesday, instruction and benedic'
tion at 8 p. M; Thursday, high mass
and professional 8 a. M; sermon
and special musical program at p.
M; Good Friday, sermon at 8. m
and the ways Of the cross, at 3 p.
M; services at s p. M; Saturday
high mass at a. m.,; Easter Sun
day, masses at 7, 9 and II a. m.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1916-04-15
ALLEGED "WORKlNG AGENTS"
German or German Americans Charg
ed With Plot

New York, April l5-Eikht men
all Germans or German-Americans-
are in the tolls of the Federal au-
thorities charged with being "work.
ing agents" in the most Gigantic
bomb and arson plot in the history
of America.
-Four were arrested late yesterday
afternoon on warrants charging COM
plicity in a conspiracy to blow up
ships leaving this port with NUM-
tions and supplies intended for the
allies.
These men are Karl G. Schmidt,
50. chief engineer of the Friedrich
Der Crosse, interned liner of the
North German Lloyd Steamship Com
pany. and his three assistants.
A warrant has been sworn out also
for CDR" Walter T. Scheele, presi-
dent of the New Jersey Agricultural
Chemical Company, of Hoboken, a
chemist, and alleged inventor of pow
erful bombs, hundreds of which, it is
alleged, were placed in the cargoes OF
English and French merchant ships.
City and Federal authorities are
combing four States for Scheele.
The workshop in which the construc-
tion of the little metal containers fol-
the ingredients of liquid fire design
ed to destroy merchant ships of the
allies was carried on, was the steam
ship Friedrich der Crosse. That wa:
the emphatic charge of both the To-
cal police and the Department of JUS
tice.
While the bombs were carried t
American soil to be filled with sui
phuric acid and chlorate of potash
nevertheless, according to the autho
rites, the German ship was tn
background of a part of the alleged
plotting against. the allies merchant
men.
The following are alleged to'2hav
had cognizance of the plot:, Capt
Franz Won Papen. Capt. Karl Boy-Et
Franz Won Fintelen, personal envoy t
!. this country of the Kaiser, at leas
two high officials Of, the German gov
ernment in this, country, and cote
rie of millionaire German-American
bankers and business men.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1916-04-15
OFFICERS ELECTED

The following officers were elected
last night by Washington Memorial
Lodpe of Perfection. Scottish Rite
Masons:
Percy E. Cliff, venerable master.
W. S. Connolly, senior warden.
Pevton Chauncey, Junior warden.
J. William May, orator.
Robert S. Barret, almoner.
James NJ. Duncan, treasurer.
Frank w. Latham, secretary.
G.. w. Zachary, tlIer.
DR.. H. G.. Harryman, organlst.
Wilmer J. Waller, chorister. -"
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1916-04-15
CARDINALS VS.. PALAIS ROYAL

The baseball team representing the
Palais Royal of Washington will visit
this city Sunday to play the Cardi-
nal Athletic Club nine. The manager
of the ''big store athletes" will come
to town with a good bunch of ball
tossers and will try to lower the
colors of the local champions. Mana
ger Crump will put strong line up
on the field in order to win. The
game will be called about 2:3O p. m.'
and will be played in the Cardinal
baseball park.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1916-04-15

At the Methodist Protestant Church
tomorrow the Rev E. r. kirkley,
pastor will preach at II Il. m. on
the subject "Che Cost of Disciple
Ship" His evening subject will be
"the Triumphant Entry. Next week
being holy week services will be con-
Quoted by the pastor every evening
at 7:45. The time taken up will be
with the Life of Christ durin" his
last week on earth.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1916-04-15
U
NOTICE

The annual meeting of the stock
holders of the Seminole Land and
Investment Company will be held at
the principal Office of the Company,
No. Ill south Fairfax street, Alex
anria, Virginia, on Monday, MAY,
1st, 1916, between the hours of 10 a.
m. and y m., to elect Directors for
the ensuing year, and for the trans
acting of such other bushes as. may
properly come before said meeting.
L. V. FRENCH, Secretary
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1916-04-15

At Trinity Church tomorrow morn
ing the pastor will preach on Weary
in Welldoing,' and the evening sub
ject will be Weeping Over Jerusa-
lem" Holy week services will be held
each evening except Saturday dur
ing that week at 7:30 o'clock. The
public is invited.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1916-04-15
STUART BEFORE II.
HOUSE COMMITTEE
Virginia Executive Makes
Suggestion About
Cattle
PROFITS OF PACKERS
PROFITS OF PACKERS
Governor Spoke From Personal EX-
perience. He Owning Cattle Farm in
Southwest Virginia.

Washington. April l5--Cov Henry
C. Stuart Of Virginia, ono Of the
largest stock farmers III the South
has proposed the establishment Of
Government abattoirs, where cattle
raiscrs can have their beef slaughter
I'd for the retail markets at reason
able prices, as means of Lreakirg
the big meat packers grin upcn he
cattle-prOducing and meat-QistrIEut-
ing industries of the United States.
He appeared before Il licu$r Judiciary
subcommittee yesterday IN regard ID
the Boriand resolution asking Con-
gress to investigate charges that the
packers fix the price Of cattle to the
producer.
Governor Stuart said the big pH::-
ers had made enormous profits dur
ing the past few years and now hey
welded much power over the price
of cattle and the price Of meat. THIS
condition. he added. could be only re-
meuieo Dy the re"cFa' NoVer'im"H,
establishing public slaughtcrhouses
III lhe ea''le-r"'Si's centres "nert
inc calIIe pro"uccr "ouIa noI "c Lore
Ell 10 pa! huge prollt |" nave MS
peer ihaue ready 'o' inc 'f'rNet' l"
co''hectlo" WIFI theSe a'"uS''fF-
nouseS' nc ADDED lhere Shou'o oe
"'se 'o'"-s'o' "se "o''Ses 'o' ''SP-
'H- 'he nce' loI 'iar"et'
'"e "''ei'ot o"''' ."''t 'e' IA
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w. - '' Ip' ~''''>' '' w '''
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lnes 'i''ea'''''S '"e p"'"e's - nav
never u'e" al '"e', Po"e' Ni'0"
Oh oHe "SS"HioH 'tiSs '""'" h'''
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1916-04-15
SHRJNER'S NOTICE

Members of the committee Of
Alexandria Mobiles of the Mystic
Shrine which has in charge the ar
ran'gements for the visit to this city
of Acca Temple on April 2sth. are
requested to meet over faylor's
Drug Store on Monday evening at 1870
o'clock. A full attendance is desired
14-St. E. E. DoWNHAM, Chairman.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1916-04-15

The Bull line steamer. Dorothy,
loaded with a cargo of phosphate
rock from Boca Grande. Fla, conslgn-
ed to the Alexandria Fertilizer and
Chemical Co., has arrived at the
company's wharf and its cargo is
being discharged.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1916-04-15
CARD OF THANKS

Mr.. Jas. H. Mansfield and family
desire to thank their many friends
for the expressions Of sympathy ex-
tended to them in their recent bereave-
ment. BY THE FAMILY.