davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-12-12
Will Make No Further Concse-
sions and Will Consider
New Provocation Casus Belli
RUMANIANS HALT
FALKENHAYN'S ADVANCE
But Bulgars Take Western End
of Czernawoda Bridge and
Are on Way to Help Round
Up Ferdinands Army

Amsterdam, Dec. i11.-Threats and
counter-threats. official and unofficial,
are flying thick and fast between
Greece and the entente powers, II
fragmentary dispatches from Athens
are to be believed. Germany, the by
stander, continues to form the center
of mystery. Upon what she and her
ally, Bulgaria, have done, Is based
the present stern policy of the entente
toward Greece. Upon what she may
do. may have promised to do. rests
Greece's continued defiance.
The outstanding news OF the day
is a dispatch from Berlin, of semi
official flavor. that the Greek govern
ment has announced:
First That Greece hereafter will
strictly observe armed neutrality.
Second That it will make no fur
Their concessions to the entente.
Third. That it will consider any
new provocation as a casus belli.
IL the last OF these three statements
is true. 1t means that King Constan-
tine will greet the next allied demands
should he choose to consider them
as 'provOCatory''-w a declaration
of war
These demands, unofficial dis
patches from Athens state, are to be
presented to the Greek government
in a formal note tomorrow They
will be followed up by further, moro
specific demands. Included in which
the entente will ask of Greece. 1t is
said, will be disqualification of the
Greek army and surrender to the
allies of the control OF the railways,
posts and telegraphs. The release
of Venezelistas imprisoned by the
Royalistfc government also will be
demanded, II is reported.
VIII Not Accept Demands.
In view of the fact that King Con-
stantine has just ordered the mobiliza-
ton of his army. It is not expected
that he will accept this. the most i'm
portant condition.
Meanwhile mysterious wireless mes
sages are being exchanged between
Athens and radio stations in Sofia.
Constantinople and Berlin. Aerial
kilograms from King Constantine to
the German capital are said to have
been picked up by the Greek battle-
ship Hydra. which is under entente
control.
Revolt has broken out in the Cy-
clades. a Greek island group in the
Aegean. according to Athens dis
patches.
Another unofficial dispatch asserts
that all the Greek communities In
Egypt have renounced their allegi-
ance 10 King Constantine
Late tonight word came from Lon
don that the British foreign office has
announced that efforts were being
made by Great Britain in conjunction
with her allies with a view to solving
the Greek problem.
While dispatches from Athens to-
day reported the situation there to
be more calm, it was admitted that
there is wholesale exodus of citi-
Zens of the entente nations.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-12-12
COMPLETE HEARING OF
ASHLAND LINE CASE TODAY

Completion OF the hearing of the OPP
ponents to the proposed change of
schedule OF the Richmond and Ches-
apeake Bay Railroad will be held to-
day before the state Corporation Com
mission. The nrst hearing on this
matter was last Friday, but on ac-
count OF the great amount of oppo-
sition to the change 1t was necessary
to carry 1t over.
Among those lighting the proposal
OF the Ashland line are the Suburban
Club at Lakeside. the Hermitage Club,
which will shortly erect an $4,000
clubhouse on the line Of tho Rich
mond and Chesapeake Bay. the parish
OF Emmanuel Church in Henrioo. and
residents along the line Of the road.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-12-12
WILL RESTATE TERMS
GERMANY WILL ACCEPT
PRESIDENT URGES
PROBERS TO PROBE

Washington, Dec. 11.-Presldent
Wilson today urged quick work in
the Federal investigation of alleged
illegal combinations for forcing the
prices of foodstuffs upward.
Word was sent out to all food price
investigators OF the Departments of
Justice, Agriculture, Commerce and
other bodies through United states
District Attorney Anderson, of Bos-
ton, supervising the investigation. to
furnish complete reports as soon as
possible. so the President can go be
fore Congress before March 4 and ask
remedial legislation. should he decide
new legislation is necessary.
President Wilson is believed 10 have
approved the plan of extensive grand
jury Investigations into reasons for
the high cost of living. as presented
to him today by Mr.. Anderson.
Mr.. Anderson was at the White
House this afternoon for brief con-
ference with the President, but upon
his return to the Department of JUS
tice declined to discuss the situation
in any detail.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-12-12
In Meantime Injunction Ties
Up Government Hands in
Enforcing Adamson Law
HIGH TRIBUNAL WILL
NOT BE HURRIED
Flatly Disresards Labor Lead
ers' Statement That Failure
to Make Law Effective Janu-
airy | Will Mean Strike

Washington, Dec. 1.-THE possibil-
ity OF recurrence of the nation vii g
railroad strike crisis on January !.
failed to move the Supreme Court to
unduly hasten consideration of the test
case involving the Adsmson eight
hour law. The court today ordered
the test suit brought by the Missouri.
Oklahoma and Gulf Railroad set for
argument. on January 5. eight days
after the effective date OF the Adam
son law.
By this action the court fatty dis
regarded the statement Of various
railroad employees leaders that un-
less the eight hour Law was applied
on January LIST. the country would
again be confronted with the possi-
bilty OF IA railroad tie-up. with the
Missouri case pending. the govern :
ment Is enjoined from any attempt to
enforce the law until the Supreme
Court reaches a decision After the
case has been argued on January 5,
1t is practically certain that the court
VIII take month or two to consider
1t. A decision is not looked for be-
fore spring.
Machinery Tied Up.
Meanwhile. the entire machinery of
the Adamson law will be tied up,
Counsel for the government and for
the railroads throughout the coun-
try. who have agreed to accept the
Missouri case as test OF the law
have agreed that no railroads will be
prosecuted for failing to comply with
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-12-12
Japanese Problem and Gentle
mems Agreement Becomes
Very Much Involved
WARM DISCUSSION
In EXECUTIVE SESSION
AS Amended at State Depart
ments Request 1t Knocks
Out Effort to Make Binding
Root / akahira Agreemen,

Washington, Dec. 1.-THE Senate
was thrown into violent debate this
afternoon over the japanese immigra-
tion problem when the literacy test
Dill was brought forward 10 sidetrack
the bill TO make the District of Co.
lumbia dry"
So spirited did the discussion he
come that the Senate voted to GO into
secret session to prevent the publica
ton or speeches likely TO wound Jap
anese sensibilities. When the Senate
adjourned at 4:20 1t appeared no
nearer vote on the measure than
when 1t started.
Senator Reed. OF Missouri brought
new opposition 10 the bill just before
Adjournment by declaring 1t would
exclude great numbers OF Russian
Jews, living within the Monaghan ex-
clusion zone described in the bill.
He urged redrafting the bill so as to
state It's intent in frank and unnis-
taxable language
Senator Reeds declaration drew a
sharp retort from Senator Smith. OF
South Carolina. chairman OF the I'm g..
migration Committee
No one shall charge the committee
or me with insidiousiy discriminating
against the Jews he declared Sena-
tor Reed insisted. however. the bill
would shut out hundreds of thousands
OF Jews in Eastern Russia.
Work Stirs Hornets Nest.
The whole debate was precipitated
when Senator Works. of California.
gave notice he would insist on a sepa-
rate vote on the committee amend
ment striking out the section writing
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-12-12
MAR|NA'S SINKING
VIOLATION OF PLEDGE
Something More Than Reparataon
Indemnity and Punishment of Sub
marine Commander Must Come.
GERMANY MUST GUARANTEE
AGAINST FUTURE MISTAKES
Diplomatic Action. However, VIII Not
BE Taken Until All Doubt as to
Legal Status of Both Marina and
Arabic Has Been Dissolved.

Washington. Dec. 1.-THE
State Department today officially
characterized the sinking OF the
British horse transport Marina,afn
which six Americans lost their
lives, as 'violation OF Gcrr.l. ay's
pledge to this nation"
Secretary of the Embassy Grew
in Berlin has been directed to in
form Germany. according to
high authority here. that the
United States government Is tired
of mistakes in the sinking OF
merchant vessels. He has been
instructed to tell the German for
eign Office that PREPARATION. in
demnity and punishment of the
submarine commander" will not
le sufficient to appease this gov
-erIlnlenf -------
The Marina and Arabia cases
will again be taken up at tomor-
rows cabinet meeting. and the
opinion prevails that q note may
be drawn Immediately demanding
a disavowal OF tile sinkfnkv.
It Is possible that portions of thi
tote already have been drafted, bu
acking official confirmation by tn
British government Of the reports tina
10Th vessels were not under admiralt
harter, II is not likely the note wi
'e forwarded for some days. Tn
state Department Is said to be in pos
ession OF information Of the charac
err OF both vessels which It consider
of their status as mer
but no diplomatic actio
will be taken until complete confirma
ion IL at hand.
All the information In the hands Q
he government Is to be forwarded t
Germany Immediately. This informa
ion relates to the character OF tn
darina and Arabia and the condition
ttendant on their sinking.
Proper Precautions Disregarled.
1t Is stated in high circles tina
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-12-12
AtteaAtng CsamereiaI co.,.

B. c. Moomaw. director of the Blu
rsau Of Markets. Of the Department of
Agriculture. 10 attending the Southern
Commercial Congress. While In Nor
folk. Mr. MoomAw yesterday addressed
= meeting Of the Housewives' League
Of that city.
Charles H. Buc<er. chief clerk Of the
Markets Division. returned to his Of
nee yesterday after attending the
Fourth National Conference on Mar
keting and Farm Credit held in Chi
cAgo last week.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-12-12
JOfFRE MUST MAKE
WAY FOR NEW BLOOD
Nivells. Hero Of Verdun, viii Prob
ably Succeed Man Who Is Idol
OF French Army and People.

Paris, Dec. 11.--Joffire. the Idol of
France and Its army. must make way
for new blood. This liz the great and
almost tragic result of the recent
ferment.
The lessons of Rumania and Greece
have made a big impression on the
public--so bis. that the French people
demand n change in the high COM
mand.
The changes in the ministry are of
minor Importance. merely the eddies
Of a great wave OF public opinion
sweeping over the military command.
The radical socialists are using II to
get stronger representation in the
government, but the soldier Is the
only man who counts now.
Brands ability to sense public
opinion and his cleverness in saying
the right thing at the right time have
saved him in a critical situation. To
outsiders. however. as to the French
general public the changes in the
high command occupies the chief
position OF interest.
Joffre may command the allied
council, where his experience would
be of the great help to the entente.
Who Is to succeed Joffre probably will
be decided this week. The choice
seems to lie between Nivelle and
Petain, with the odds favorinE tho
former who was the hero Of Douau-
mont and Vaux In the great Verdun
battle. graduate OF polytechnic,
Nivelle was an unimportant general
before he was called last April by
Petain, then in command at Verdin.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-12-12
WILL SOON ANNOUNCE
LAND BANK CITIES

Washington. Dec. I.--Seeking a
conference with Secretary of the
Treasury McAdoo today Immediately
upon his return from a western trip,
men bers of the Federal Farm Loan
Board indicated that they would be
ready to announce shortly the loca-
tons of the twelve Federal Land
Banks authorized by Congress
A delegation from Peoria. III. head
ed by Il. N Pindell. made application
for establishment OF a bank In that
city,
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-12-12
THINK CARRANzA
AGREED TO PROTOCOL

Washington, Dec ll.-Senor PAM
delegate to the American Mexican bor
der comm sson. is on his way to New
York tonight. according TO State De-
partment advices and will reach the
metropolis Wednesday. He Is travel
ling from Laredo. Texas. by way OF
81 Louis and Chicago. and is now be
lieved to be nearing Chicago. AL
though II is not definitely known. Of
ficials believe Carranza has agreed 10
the main provisions of the protocol
dra wn up at Atlantic city.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-12-12
WHOLE OF CZERNAWODA
BRIDGE FALLS TO BULGARS

+ The entire Czernawoda bridge fell
to Field Marshal Won Mackenscn's
Danube armies yesterday when Bull
garian forces captured It's western
head This new development in tho
RUmanfan campaign, reported officiaI-
ly by the Sofia war office yesterday.
adds ominously to the menace that Ia
facing the scattered and fleeing de-
tenders of Bucharest from three sides.
Moreover, 1t is another important step
toward the establishment of a solid
Teuton front from the northern edge
of Pennsylvania to Constanza on the
Black Sea.
The distance from Czernawoda to
the Buzeu-Braila Railway IL sixty-six
miles as the crow flies. The way to-
that important railway Is exactly the
route taken by part Of the Russo.
Rumanian forces that managed to fee
northwestwards before the new cross
ings of the Danube We're effected
The Bulgarian force which yester.
day crossed the river near Silistria has
captured the town OF Calarasi. seven
miles north Of the Danube fortress.
This force Is moving due north toward
the Bucharest Czernawoda Railway.
acting as a flank protection for thu
Czernawoda army. Both crossings,
apart from their larger object ot
bringing ABOUT the ereCIon or a line
OF attack against Moldavia, are also
aimed at rounding up the remnantq
of King Ferdinand's armies still Id
Rumania's eastern parts.
Meanwhile a decisive battle Is being
fought on a Twenty-Five mile front
along the Ploesci- Mezilu tMizil) sec-i
tor OF the railway leading northwart
into Moldavia. In this battle the Rus
manians, with Russian help. appear ~
be holding their own. preventing FAlks
enhayn's right wing from pushing On
to his next objective. the great ran
head Buzeu. The last definite report
Of the lighting In this area comes from
the Petrograd war ONCE. 1t asoer0
that after being pushed back Saturday
evening the Rumanians rallied on til
morning and restored then
position" which means that 1t tha4s
time they were still holding the Tss1ss
tons some twenty-five miles southwest
of Buxeu.
Won FAikcnhayn Halted.
The Russian ofliciaI statements -
the Rumanian campaign have prcve4s
accurate throughout, oftanttmoo 90
ns,tttn~ Asan moro than Bex11n e1na1
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-12-12
TEMPERANCE LEADERS
AND SENATORS CONFER
Party Caucus Had Given Immigra-
ton Bill Right Of Way Before 1t
Knew Prohibition Would Pass
EXPECT SHEPPARD MEASURE
WILL BE NEXT IN LINE
Although Dry Workers Look For
Vets TO Do All They Can TO Stavc
on Vote-Drys Believe Safe Ma
tority For Their Measure.

Especial to The Richmond Virginian,
Washington. d. C. Dec. 11.--An
important conference was held Mon
day morning concerning the prohi-
bition bill for the District of Column
bia. AZ this conference there were
present Senator Morris Sheppard, DR.
James Cannon. lr,. chairman OF Ma
tional Legislative Committee of the
Anti-Saloon League of America. Hon.
Wayne B, Wheeler, national league
attorney; DR.. F. c. Dinwiddie, nation
al legislative superintendent Hon. A.
f. Shumaker. attorney for the Dis
trict of Columh ia league.
Later on DR.. Cannon held a con-
ference Senator Thomas.
Martin. and later still. Senators Shep-
pard and Martin conferred with SEN
ator Smith, of South Carolina. who
Is in charge OF the immigration bill.
and Senator Kern. the Democratic
floor leader.
Follow Caucus Proceeding.
As an outcome of these conferences
1t was decided that the Immigration
bill be given the right Of way till
1t was disposed OF. Senator Smith,
WIN 10 a pkoNACE VA tAIC iAte ktl4uOp
A. Coke Smith, Is entirely friendly to
support it when 1t comes before the
had been given the right OF way by
the Senate Democratic caucus before
II was known the District prohibition
bill would be pressed so early in the
session, 1t was decided to follow the
caucus program. Senator Smith
hopes the immigration bill will be
passed in a day or two. and then the
way will be open for the passage of
the prohibition bill.
OF course. 1t cannot he asserted
positively that the District prohibit
ton bill will be taken up as soon as
the immigration bill Is disposed Of,
as the enemies Of the bill will do
everything possible TO prevent Its con-
sideration and a vote. And until the
prohibition bill is made the regular
unfinished business II Is somewhat at
the mercy OF the presiding oficer,
who may decline to recognize Senator
Sheppard. or. rather. recognize some
body else.
Have . Majority.
But the Anti-Ealoon League work
ers are satisfied that they have a ma
jority of the Senate favorable to the
bill. and they are determined to press
vigorously for its passage without un-
necessary delay. The league leaders
have taken the position that the peo-
pie OF the nation are as much inter-
ested in the passage of this bill, as
in vocational education or conserva-
tion. or immigration. and this position
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-12-12
HOUSTON TO STAY
ON CABINET JOB

Washington, Dec. lf.-Secretary OF
Agriculture Houston will be a mem
Der of President Wilson's cabinet for
another term. 1t was learned authori-
tatively today.
. notwithstanding reports that the
secretary's resignation had already
been handed to President Wilson, 1t
was learned that the President has
expressed his earnest desire that Sec
rotary Houston retain his present po-
sitfon.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-12-12
SIX KILLED; MANY
HURT IN R. r. WRECK

Washington Dec u,-Six persons
were killed and many others injured
In the wreektng OF passenger train
near Salina Cruz. Mex, on December
G. according to report received to-
day at the Navy Department, The
train piled up following the explo-
sion of the locomotives boiler. All
the victims were Mex!cana. 1t Is be-
lieved.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-12-12

Especial to The Richmond Virginian.)
Lynchburg. Va. Dec. l1.-Edgar L.
Murray. a locomotive fireman living at
Clifton Forge today in the Federal
District Court, filed a voluntary petit
ton In bankruptcy In which his liza
bilities are scheduled at 37l3.46. The
schedule discloses assets aggreEating
s276. Of which s23S consisting of
household effects and wages due the
petitioner. are claimed under the
Stxts exemption law.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-12-12

John Doran. arraigned In Police
Court yesterday on complaint OF Spe-
cial OFFICER Taylor. of the 8. p. c. A..
was hned $40 for cruelty to . horse.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-12-12

tcpasinued "a Fourth PaEe.,
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-12-12

lcontinued on Fourth Pare,
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-12-12
Work Stirs Hornets Nest.

Continued on Fourth page.)
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1916-10-18
y O II ! G. H.
State Of South Carolina,
County of OCOnee.

State Of South Carolina,
County Of Oconee.
(Court Common Please
Atlanta and Charlotte Air Line Rail-
way Company, Petitioner,
VS..
Javic Perry, Solomon Perry, Mary
Fruister, Waryer Perry. Thomas
Perry. Joel Perry, Luther Perry,
Henry Harris, James Perry, Nancy
Perry, Leola Harris. Amanda
Hogue, Henry Hogue, Samuel
Hogue, Andrew Hogue, Ola
Hogue, Hattie Hogue, Jake
tIogue, Daisy Hogue, Paul Nogue,
Leo Hogue, Thomas Earle and
Children, and Heirs-at-Law Of
Mary Earle, deceased, names and
number unknown. Samuel David
Moon, and Children and Heirs-at-
Law OF Annie Moon, deceased
names and number unknown, and
Robert Spencer. Defendants.
Notice.
TO the Defendants:
Javie Perry, Solomon Perry, Mary
Fruister. Waryer Perry, Thomas
Perry. Joel Perry. Luther Perry.
Henry Harris, James Perry, Nancy
Perry, Leola Harris, Amanda
Hogue. Henry TIoguc, Samuel
llogue. Andrew Hogue, Ola
ll0gue, Hattie Hogue, Jake
Hogne. Daisy Hogue. Paul IIogue,
Leo liogue, Thomas Earle and
children, and Heirs-at-Law Of
Mary Earle, deceased, names and
number unknown, Samuel David
Moon, and Children and Heirs-at-
Law Of Annie Moon, deceased
names and number unknown, and
Robert Spencer:
TAKE NOTICE:
That under authority Of the Act OF
the General Assembly Of South Caro-
lima, approved February 10th, 1918,
and for the purposes therein indicat-
ed, the Atlanta and Charlotte Air
Line Railway Company, corpora
ton under the laws of the State of
South Carolina, and owning a rail-
road in said State, requires the fol-
lowing described real estate owned
by you, to wit:
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1916-10-18
Working Road" to Navy Yard.

Washington, Oct. 16.-L. II. Cav
lord. Of New York, has been awarded
the contract for dredging Cooper
river to give uniform low water
depth OF thirty feet to the Charles
ton Navy Yard. Gaylord's bid Is to
complete the job within $50 calen-
dar days from the time the Navy De-
partmcnt directs him to begin work.
The contract goes to him at $171,-
407.
hand-operated machine to kneed
the stiffness out Of leather has been
invented by an Oklahoma man.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1916-10-18
TWclvc-NIilc River Association.

The union meeting Of the Twelve
Mile River Baptist Association will
meet with Camp Creek Baptist
church October 2S-29, 1916.
Introductory sermon Saturday at
II o'clock by Rev. NJ. J. Stansell.
LIST query: "Should | criticize my
brothers faults and leave mine
alone?" Opened By II. p. Prince.
Discussed from TO 2 o'clock.
I'd query: "The deacon and his
duty Opened by w. n. Bolding.
Discussed from , to 3 o'clock.
3D. query: THE benefits Of a live
Sunday school to church and COM
munity." Opened by j. d. Vickery.
Discussed from 3 to 4 o'clock.
Sunday morning-Sunday school
at 10 O'Clock.
Preaching at il o'clock by Rev. j.
l.. Willis.
Devotionals conducted at each ser
vice by the moderator.
Song service during union con-
Quoted by r. NJ. Bolding and others.
ID. e. Garrett, for Com.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1916-10-18
Homes for Delegates.

Homes have been provided for del
cgatcS to the union meeting at
Earlcs Grove, October 2S-29, as fol-
lows:
J. A. Patterson --Andersonvillc and
Oakdale.
J. S. Smith-Beaverdam
w. II. Spencc-Bethel and West
minister No. |.
NJ. G. Grant--Cross Roads No. l.
II. B. Richardson--Double Springs
ca.
r. l.. Patterson n-Fant's Grove and
lIepsbah.
T.. \. Carroll-Hopewell and Jor-
dania
J. O. Simpson-Mt. Tabor tA).
l.. X. R!chey-Mt. Tabor (O) and
South Union.
II. b. Ablts--!It. Pleasant.
Sam Gran,-Pleasant Grove.
c. w. Patterson--Rotur
John Adams-Rock Hill
w. II. COle--Shiloh (O).
Elias Earle--Seneca.
w. II. Rice-Shiloh tA).
f.. T.. Black Westminster No. 9.
l.. b. Black-New Emmanuel.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1916-10-18

schools last year, with over 5000 en-
rol!ment. Besides these there were
number OF city and rural night
schools. This was a good start, but
If we are to have no illiterates by
1920, when the next census is taken,
we must do better"
The appeal asks that on Novem-
bcr Is every teacher and every ad-
vanced pupil teach at least one H.
literate, and ministers are asked to
pray for the wiping out Of illiteracy
on November IS. Request IS made
Of newspapers to give publicity to the
movement for the attack on illiteracy
on November Is.
Governor Manning has the circular
in his oMcc, and the association hopes
that he will urge that November Is
be set aside for a special drive on
illiteracy.
The Federal census Of 1910 placed
States which had more than 25 per
ccntage of illiteracy in a black area.
and South Carolina was one of the
two states thus designated. The idea
Is to get out Of this position and be
at the head Of the States in 1920
with all illiteracy wiped out.