The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-04-16
Is Yet a Matter OF Conjecture
but 1t Has Much Territory
toDraW From.

HutSpoah wal, was uuCt u part VI Iut.
ancient Roman province OF Lusitania,
from which the giant Cunard line
steamer sunk by . German torpedo
received Its name, says a, bulletin
Just issued by the National, Geo
graphic Society, OF Washington.
with q population scarcely .ex-
ceeding the combined population of
New York City. Jersey City and New
ark. and an, area In Europe less than
the state OF Indiana. Portugal has not
played n major role In the politics OF
Continental Europe in many years.
not. In fact since Wellesley, after
ward tho Duke Of Wellington. landed
his English forces and, with the aid
OF native troops. defeated Soult and
Massepa. Napoleon's inarshuls, In the
two peninsula campaigns. 1905
Great Colonial Empire.
"But tho colonial empire OF Portu-
gal Is out OF all proportion to the
Importance OF the home country. In
fact, there were, at the beginning OF
the war, only three other countries
in Europe-Great Britain, France.
md Germany--whosc fiags fioated
over more territory beyond the
boundaries OF the home country. The
combined area OF the New England
and North Atlantic states would equal
less than. one fourth OF the territory
under the dominion of the tiny re-
public occupying the western edge OF
the Iberian peninsula, whose navigat-
ors in the fifteenth and sixteenth
century were the wonders OF the
world, Yet all this vast territory is
held by 5000 colonial troops, sup
plemented by native armies.
at would be diflicult to estimate
how much Portugal will be able to
contribute to the strength OF the
Allies. cause. Its peace strength is
only 10000 men,, but there lisa re-
serve OF 230, 900, while the morgan
lied military strength OF the nation Is
as great as that Of the Netherlands
and more than a third larger than
was Serbia's total unorgani2ed war
strength before the war begun.
Illiterate Yet Intelligent. nv
IA curious anomaly Is to BIO found
among the PEASANTS OF Portugal who
nre classified as among theimost hit
crate OF western Europe. yet are
among the most intelligent. Most OF
the farmers-three- hfths of the pop
ulation is devoted to agricultural
pursuits-have q remarkable gilt Tor
yersification, and many OF the poems
Of the country IRE handed down from
generation to generation without be-
ing recorded. The peasants also are
noted for their sobriety, and yet the
annual production OF wine exceeds
twenty-five gallons for each innapst-
ant. So great, In fact. Is the pro
duct Of the vineyards that IN the
cities the. various qualities OF water
are discussed with, keener interest,"
than the grades Of wine. s.t
while Portugal's maritime glory
IL thing OF the past, large NUM-
Der, OF Portuguese still follow the sea
for a livelihood, and the fishing In
dustry Is important. The Portuguese
sardires. however. are preserved In
Italian olive OIL. although one
fifteenth of the cultivated area OF the
nation IL given over to olive groves,
for the production Of oils OF q cheap
grade. 49,
.The Portuguese peasant woman Iis
IN important breadwinner, but she
receives for her days labor Of six
teen hours. In the field only q shilling
or less. while. the men get two
shillings. l'f7a
One of the profitable and ex-
tremely popular industries OF the
rural population Is q. placid lying-in-
wait.for tourists who attempt to-
motor through the country on the
less frequented and often impossible
public roads. With an OK team the
peasant waits at a favorable spot
until a motorist. travelling In an auto
mobile on which an import tax Of
$500 has been collected by the Port
,uguese government. sticks In the
mud. To haul out such an unfortu-
nate is often more profitable than
several days work In the wheat,
maize or rice fields. s'-s So -; &
Beautiful Harb0r.
The harbor Of Lisbon, where the
seizure Of the German merchant
ships precipitated Portugal into the
war. Is one Of the most beautiful In
all Europe, ranking scarcely second
to Naples and Constantinople. The
city is about the size Of Pittsburg,
and has been the political center Of
the nation since 1t was wrested from
the Moors in the middle OF the twelfth
century by Alfonso Henriques, the
founder Of the kingdom. It was the
English who aided Alfonso In his war
against the Moors, and the following
century the two countries effected an
alliance which has existed. pnbroken
during the succeeding seven hundred
years, save for such sporadic inter
ruptions as when Napoleon forced
the little kingdom to declare war
against the island empire.
1.-THE Portuguese, especially those
Of Lisbon, are q. pleasure-loving peo-
pie. They are fond. Of sports of many
sorts. including the. bull-fght. but
the toreador is not the Idol In this
country that he Is in Spain. nor are
the contests as fierce. Horses are
seldom if ever sacrificed In the Port
uguese trocaderos.
Greater Night City.
Lisbon Is an even greater night
city than Paris, the streets appear
ing at their. busiest usually at 8 a. m.
The principal thoroughfares are adj
rnirably kept nowadays but as late az.
1885 q clean up carnpaigner was In
a woeful minority when he begun to
urge the authorities TO put q stop to
such practices asobrealting horses in
the streets. and smuggling pigs In the
main avenues ofstrade. He also pro-