davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Norwich bulletin., 1916-06-17
ELMvLE
Neighbors Give Mrs. Ida Place
 Birthday Surprise Party.

 Frank Davis and family were in Woodstock. Sunday, to attend lAle fu- neral 0f Mrs. DavfS aunt Miss Ella Blood of New York Is visiting Mrs. c. D. Mowry.
 Herbert Battey of Danielson is to move into the tenement recently va cated by Edwin Belshaw.
 George Davis of New London has been spending few days with his parents. MT. and Mrs. Frank Davis. Arthur Hughes of Worcester spent the weekend at his home here
 MT. and Mrs. Silas Rabbit of Dan ielson called on local friends Sun day.
 Miss Marion Hamuzon of Hampton was the guest Tuesday of her grand father, Dennis Rawson.
 Miss Clara West of the Hill Crest House spent Sunday in Moosup.
 Surprise Visit.
 A birthday surprise party was given Mrs. Ida Place by ten of her neigh bors Thursday evening. She was presented a handsome cut glass vase. Cake, fruit ana lemonade were served John Hurley, Thomas Moore and Michael Conway visited the Rose ot New England, Tuesday. Mrs. B. c. Conkhn attended the floral garden party given by the Civic Federation in Danielson.
Norwich bulletin., 1916-06-17
NENDk1AM
season's Jitnsy Teas Increased Fund of Missionary Society Ofhcers EIeetsd-Inez Hopkins Badly In- jured.


 The Woman's Missionary society | held its annual meeting Tuesday in the chapel Letters from Santee, Neb., were read by Mrs. F. D. Guild and | rom ThomasviIle. Ga- by Mrs. John | Potter. The foreign and home society l bulletins were read by the secretary. | Reports of the years work were given 1 by the omcers. Two study books have been used and much sewing accom- pilsneu. Money has been contributed to home and foreign work. The 'jit- ney teas1 were success, twelve be- ing given the proceeds being s11.TO. The ofncers chosen for the coming year ares President, Mrs. Robert Pe- grurn; vice president. Miss Anna Pat ton. Miss Clara Johnson; secretary. Mrs. Ada Larrabee; treasurer, Mrs John Potter; chairman sewing com mittee. Mrs. H. c. Lathrop; entertain- ment committee, Mrs. Arthur WiI-i hannss program, Mrs. Pegrun. The society will not meet again until Sep
 Social and Personal.
 Miss Lucy Gelston of East Haddaa who has been the guest of Miss Jo- sephine Bingham for two weeks re-. turned homo Wednesday.
 Miss Emma DonnelI of Philadelphia nas arrived at, the Inn for the sum
 Miss D. Frances Campbell, who has been teaching in New Brunswick, N. J. is with her sister, Mrs. R. c. Wa Mrs, Henry Bingham has given up the rent of the Swift house and leaves today for a few days in Providence before going to New York state to family.
 Mr. and Mrs. Herbert Smith and MT. Smiths father, in New London spent Tuesday with Miss Josephine
 Miss Marian Larrabee is the week. end guest of her cousin, Miss Julia Burnham of Hartford.
 Thrown from Tricycle.. Inez, the youngest daughter of Mr, and. Mrs. Everett Hopkins, ran her tricycle. down a steep bank Saturday and was thrown from the seat, dislo- | eating her shoulder, breaking her right arm above the elbow and badly bruising her face.
 Ralph Eaton is at home from Bel lows Falls Academy.
 At Norwich Institute.
 Miss Grace Bates and Miss Mary 1 FFink attended the Library Institute in Norwich Thursday.
 John Fenton of Winthrop, Mass, is spending the week with his grand- mother, Mrs- J. c. Fenton.
 Miss Claassen and Miss Stokes ars l t4 " 41lS4!SSeeI, nddSS.s Iof a lew weeks
 W. s. Kelsey and family of Allston Mass; are at their summer home or l Church street.
 Mrs. Abel Burnham spent Tuesday in Norwich.
 Mir and Mrs. George Brigham and son, Edmund of Glen Cove, H., arr with the Misses Johnson.
 John Collins of Willimantic is mak. ing one of his periodical visits il l town.
 Children's Day will be observed a, the Congregational church tomorrow The Sunday school children will gfvt a concert under the direction of Mrs H, C. Lathrop.
Norwich bulletin., 1916-06-17
GLAsGo
Strawberry Supper We'll Patronized- unIversity Honors For Miss Grace Thompson.

Henry Gautier returned home on Sat1rdav
 The strawberry supper at Frank Gardrer's Wednesday evening was we'll patronized.
 Friends of Mir and Mrs. James Chapman were sorry to learn of the deAth of their daughter, Mrs. John Hanna of Yantic.
 The Ladies' Aid society will be en- tertalned by Mrs. Frank Eccleston on nert Wednesday afternoon.
 Tl1e graduating exercises of the Eighth grade in the GIasgo school wilI be- held in Social hall, Monday evening.
 Circus Holiday For Mill Employees. The Glasgo mill granted their em- ployes a holiday Tuesday owing to the circus in Norwich.
 Honors For Miss Thompson. Miss Grace Thompson was gradu- atcd with high honors from the Syra- cuse. New York university. Wednes- day. June IA Miss Thompson was elected to the Honorary Philosophical Fraternity, which is national. and was presented a gold key. There are only about Six elected to this honor out of each years class. Miss Thompson
Norwich bulletin., 1916-06-17
MoNTvnLE
Ear Lathrop,s Condition Favorable Graduating Exereisss = Supervisor Wheeler III.
AVo1 yIon.


 The condition of Earl Tia4hrop. who was taken to Lawrence hospital for treatment after a painful accident is reported to be very favorable
 Supervisor III.
 Carlon Wheeler, supervisor of the public schools throughout the town, is i'll with an attack of pnetmnonda at his home in New London. AFr. Wheeler WIS unable to attend the graduating exercises members Of the Sunshine society of Waterford at her home Thursday af< ternoon.
 Graduating Exsrcises-
 The graduating exercises of the Palmer Memorial school were held in Robertson's hall Thursday. evening. Following is list Of tue graduates: Katharine Hickey, Edith Hury5tz Gladys Carlton Laura Moran, Percy Allen, Israel shapiro and Celia Wll- bur.
 Dr. George Gitberts of New Haven spent the. week end with friends in town. teaching in the public schools of He- Palmertown for the summer.
 Miss Margaret Barret of Bayonne N. J. spent the week end with friends in town. Mrs. Henry Champlin, former resi- dent of Montville Center, is the gues | of Miss Annie Rogers. Miss Florence Olin of the P. H. S has returned to her home in Mansfield Conn.
Norwich bulletin., 1916-06-17

weekend in Providence with rela-I ttves. -s Irving French Jr. spent Thursday in Providence. @-s4s sf7a sI
 Mrs. Israel F. Chase was the guest Tuesday of Ter son, Arthur B. Chase and family in Danielsop.
 Miss Nina Smith entertained party of young friends Tuesday, June 18th, in honor of her dfteenth birthday. nesday. eys
 Mrs. Elmer Mafhewson and daugh- ter, Bernice, and Miss Liia MatheW- son, were in Danielson, Wednesday.
 Mrs. Mary Nye visited relatives in Elmville, Tuesday.
 Mrs. Frank H. Sznfth of Putnam Heights called on relatives here Tues.
 Irving French ST. spent Sunday at his home here.
Norwich bulletin., 1916-06-17
ROAD SOCIETY
Grange Entertains Neighboring Granges-cards from Motor Tour ists.

GranQ9 Enkertains Neighboring
 eranges-cards from Motor Tour
 ists.
 Invitations have been received from Miss Mary Starr Wheeler to the ex- ercises of the senior class of Wellesley College, of which Miss Wheeler is a member.
 Amos Shenrield of Westerly, who has been at H.. D. Miners for several weeks, has left to work elsewhere
 Master Willard Barbour has been ill.
 Nsishbors' Night at Grange.
 stonington grange held it's regular meeting at the church partors We'd nesday evening It being Neighbors' night a number were present from neighboring granges of North Ston- ingten, Mystc and AVondale, whose various members gave a most inter esting program. Afterwards refresh ments were served and a social hour was enjoyed.
 Mrs. s. N. Williams has been the guest of Mrs. B. A. Herrick few days tGlis week
 Miss Lucy Billings returned to her school at Lyme, Sunday, after stay of several days here caused by illness.
 MT and Mrs. N. S. Stanton Gates are making a tour of the Great Lakes.
 Parker Johnson of Springfield, ar rived at s. N. Billings today to spend Sunday.
 Cards have been received from MT. and Mrs. Harold Flood, who are mo- toring in New Hampshire and Yer mont
 Miss Abby Williams Is visiting rela- tires in New York
 Miss Susan Doirthy is recovering from a recent illness. Miss Grace D. Wheeler attended the last social of the Willing Workers at Old Mystic, Wednesday.
 Mrs. Stephen Palmer has recovered from a recent illness.
Norwich bulletin., 1916-06-17
PoMFRET CENTER
Wolf Den Grange Observes Neishbors'
 Night.

Wolf Den Grange observed Neigh bors' night Wednesday evening. Se- nexet and Killingly granges furnished very fine programs. Refreshments and dancing followed.
 The Ladies Benevolent Society gave a supper and entertainment Friday night.
 Arthur Grosvenor is driving a new Dodge car.
 MT. and Mrs. B. D. Brown were in Plainf1eId Sunday.
 MT. Rogers of Pigeon Cove, Mass, is visiting his cousin, Miss Stanton.
Norwich bulletin., 1916-06-17
GRIsWOLD
RsinsReduces Attendance at Debating
 Clubs Supper.

A Children's day concert will be given Sunday, June IS, directly after the morning service.
 Rev. W. J. Reynolds of Lisbon will preach next Sunday in exchange with Rev. F.. $. Child.
 Mrs. Walter Johnson returned home Wednesday the 14th, after spending a few days with Mrs. Milton Terry of Lebanon, who is Ill and is now in the BAckus hospital.
 T. Fred, W. A. Edmond and family spent a few hours in Hartford, Sun day.
 Mrs Arba Browning entertained the Ladies Aid Society last week Thurs day. There was a good attendance.
 The Pachaug debating club held a variety supper in the town hall last Friday evening. Owing to bad wealth CT only a few were out to enjoy a most interesting program prepaired by the members of the club.
Norwich bulletin., 1916-06-17
EAST KILLMGLY

MT. and Mrs. William Yare enter ta1ned relatives from Stafford Springs, Sunday.
 Mrs. Viola Oatley and her daughter. Mrs. George Mason. were weekend guests of Mrs. Isaac MacLean, at Edgewood, R. I.
 George Wade and Clarence Smith spent Sunday at Newport.
 Bernard Edwards of Putnam was the guest of Miss Alice Battey over
 Miss Nellie M. Chase spent the
Norwich bulletin., 1916-06-17
PRESTON
Church Supper Proves a Success - Convention of Baptist Association Next Week.


 The supper held by the Ladies of the Congregational church, Friday evening was a great success. Rev and Mrs. l.. M. Keneston acc companied by MT. Ogden and Miss Abbie Stanton went to Shelton, Sat urday by automobile.
 Baptist Association Meeting. The Baptist Association convention is to be held-at the Baptist churcGl next week Wednesday and Thursday. The Children's day exercises at the Congregational church win be held next Sunday.
 MT. and Mrs. J. O. Crary attended the funeral Of Mrs. Betsey Beckwtth in Westerly, Wednesday.
 Schools in town closed this weeG with special exercises followed by picnics.
 Rural carrier Louis Holden is taking his vacation. MT. and Mrs. G. A Holden are substituting.
Norwich bulletin., 1916-06-17

pairing the roads 1n the northern part of this town.
 end guest Of Mrs walter Tanner.
 good number from this vicinity attended the circus at N0rWicla and also the one at Plainneld.
 Several of the pupils at Wylie school have been absent on account of chicken pox.
Norwich bulletin., 1916-06-17
CHAPLTN
Church copIey Marriage to Take
 Place Saturday, June 24th.

The event Of much interest in town will be the marriage of Ida Louise Church, daughter of MT. and Mrs, AL bert L. Church and John MatfE1ew Cooley of Rutland. Vt, at the Congre- gatfonal church on Saturday afternoon June z4th. at 12:so o'clock A re- ception will be held at the home of the bride immediately after the ceremony.
 lrs. Susan WEllis of scotland was
Norwich bulletin., 1916-06-17
cLARK's CORNERS

Several from here attended the graduating exercises at Hampton on Wednesday. s Mrs. Wallace. N. Jewett returned from West Haven on Tuesday and spent the night in town.
 School closed Tuesday.
 Misses Lillian and Carrie Hatch Of South Windham are at Lester H. Jew ett's. tic Saturday,
Norwich bulletin., 1916-06-17
LETTERS FROM TWO STATES

stood s4 i'm Senior Pedagogy eS in Junior Pedagogy and se Tn her exam. nations in Tennyson English which is the highest in the class.
 At Glass Reunion.
 pr. North of Auburn, N. Y. was q guest of P. !. Gustafson Sunday on Monday going to Wilbraham to attend tho commencement exercises, and where he expected to meet fifteen classmates who graduated at the same time he did. forty i've years ago.
Norwich bulletin., 1916-06-17
NORTH LYME

Mrs. Lizzie syne of Deep River visited at Rev. Frances Purvis' the first of the week
 Mrs. Minnie Dur3Ein Is Ill.
 Warren Rogers returned Tuesday from the .Ha1t4crd hospital. where he
Norwich bulletin., 1916-06-17
MoHEGAN
Sunday School 10 Hold childrsn'a Day
 Exerolses Sunday Evening.

The Sunday school at Mohegan win hold it's annual Children's day enter ta1nment Sunday evening, June 18th, at o'clock. Many visitors are ex- pected.
 Edwin otBrien is in Worcester for a few days.
 Mrs. Smith is visiting friends In WiIlimanttc
 Loretta Fielding of New London is visiting her parents, Ndr. and Mrs. B. H. Fielding.
Norwich bulletin., 1916-06-17

a visitor the past week at F. w Mar tins, and attended church Sunday.
 Charles E. Ross and Frank Hall att Norwich, Tuesday.
Norwich bulletin., 1916-06-17

mas been the pa9t week for muzgiraa operation. Mrs William Sisson enter rtainad over Sunday, Mrs. A Rogers Of lem. 04zss Sarah Jones and Alra BtII o1
 Ivpryton.
Norwich bulletin., 1916-06-17
New London County
OLD MYSTIC

Display of Patriotism at Rivsrview cottase-Rain spoils Pienlo PIans- Graduating Essercises-Prixe for Miss Alice cheaebro.
Norwich bulletin., 1916-06-17
CAIlPBELL's MILLS

WiIliann Clarkese little son had a severe attack of cramps recently.
 Selectman James Fl. Dixon h re-
Norwich bulletin., 1916-06-17
Mindham County
BRooKLYN

Recent BurIaIs in South Cemetery c. A. R. Men Visit Schools on Flag Day.
Norwich bulletin., 1916-06-17
SCOTLAND

William E. willis Dies Suddenly Hugh Anderson Falls, Breaking
Norwich bulletin., 1916-06-17
ABINGToN

Congregational Church Invited to Put nam Reception-Brock- Ayers Mar riaoa.
Norwich bulletin., 1916-06-17
Wheel Brushes Foot.

Earle Lathrop was taken to Lew renee hospital, Sunday morning for treatment. MT. Lathrop who is a teamster was delivering a load of sand Saturday morning. He was walking along beside t1is load driving up a hill, when he slipped on the wet grass, his foot going in such a direction the ing it badly.
 The Good Cheer Sunshine Society was entertained Thursday afternoon at the home of Mrs. Thomas Watt A l business meeting will be held to ar range for the annual bazaar.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-10-10
News Of Fifty Years Ago
From the Richmond Dispatch, Oct. 10, 1866

held sessa %esS Of The c
p pnicS ca ,Ssl aai ayGr as run il
we O. ar ss s sls
to IWa, rS tina, while cholera has eontinued
he efforts ne ssveGy been gpea
to %ha, % re eS
esssnE g Ia Of the We
mas has, not developed in an extreme aggravated
For the twenty four hours ending at o'clock
e eli San on 1ns proving fatal and the other
soas 5 'So Of ne
will soon reopen ther pubieation house and
iss' soa 9f
ome Of Res be or The
e sa,y Of THE his so ~ VIII before
locations. p''
srsina sSs Of the
land to be the superint endent Of their opera
10 Better could nave seem ma the
Tns 'e Of se 5y the
SSs oSns
@ % ana s:s 'ss hua"S s
lTShn lens TO- Mr. YSnsey for future he1dquarters
Will be in the caskIc building The institute.
now having possession Of their property. will
open the girls, school the buildings
can be properly renovated. not later than No
Hember !, perhaps.
Reltsous revival services will be commenced
at the First Baptist Church tomorrow night.
Or. Burrows. the pastor. Will be assisted by
Rev Barnett Grimsley. Of Rappahnnnocll
County.
=, a large meeting OF the citizens of Peters
burg was held yesterday to consider the pro-
priety of the consolidation of the Virginia and
tennessee. the Southside and the Norfolk and
Petersburg Railroads into line. There
many speeches on III subjct. mostly ono way.
and as a fnalty the meeting voted with some
thing I IKE unanim,y in favor Of Gonsoldation.
Ing. and had things pretty much his own way.
President Johnson yesterday issued a procls-
nation. recommending that Thursday, Novem-
Der 20, be observed as a Ssncral Thanksgiving
day. 1t will probably be observed in the North.
In the South the people Will be asking IL they
have anything to be thankful for.
There was political riot in Philadel phia day
before Yesterday. in which clubs. stones and
pistols were much In One kill
ed and several wounded. On street
parading Republican and Democratic clubs met
and mixed UP in general fight 1t Is alleged
that the Democratic clubs were the ngEressors.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-10-10
PERMANENT ORGANIZATION
FOR CHURCH ADVERTISING
Committees Named to Nominate Omccr
and to Outline Policy md Methods
TO lie Adopted.

Permanent organization OF the com
mittee to have In charge the church
educational movement, by which II 1!
planned to fnmiliarize the nonchurch
going people of Richmond with tn,
many advantages OF attending church
regularly. will be completed at a meet
ing Monday at l o'clock at the Bust
ness Mems Club. At the meeting yes
terday afternoon nominating com
mittce. composed Of r. NJ McCue, G
Edmond Massie and w. VI. Anderson
was appointed to suggest the name.
OF officers for the organization.
This committee will make It's report
Monday afternoon when the full com
mittee OF twenty-five laymen represent
ing every denomination in the city viii
meet. and at which time II is expected
that officers OF the permanent organi-
cation Will be elected. A second com
mittee. composed OF John Stewart
Bryan, II. w. Jackson and w. NJ. Aus
tin, waE named 10 outline the policy OF
the organization. and TO suggest the
best methods of advertising to bt
adopted. This committee will also
make it's report Mt the next meeting.
Several laymen spoke at the meeting
yesterday afternoon, pledging thci,
support to the movement. DR.. Douglal
S. Freeman was the principal speaker
and told OF several lines OF advertising
that might be adopted He brought
out several strong points. saying thai
the object of the campaign was MOI
TO fll church pews, but to instill III
the mountaineering people the grea
need for aftiliation with some church.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-10-10
Health Talks, by Dr.. VIM. Brady

On several occasions we have venturcd to in
innate mat the only reason fat folks are fat
Is because they cat much Tint T.. r,,,,,.
even III print. Fat folks always declare ,ho,
have birdlike arpetitcs Well even so. tbey
eat too much TO" their inadequate metaboIisn,
The remedy is simple il seems a shave ~
mention it 80 often--fas,ing "'e ~
All, but don't fat folks lust dreod . s,.,
we nave dire VISIONS of starvation when fast
ing Is mentioned. Indeed, many OF no ,sn ,hn
word starve when we mean fast, Yes. even
doctors do, ana some Of medical celebrities
perpetrate the same blundcr We wora consI
erably discounted recently when a scientific
program announced paper entitled .Tbe star
walton Treatment of Dabetes," until we heard
the gifted doctor describe the fast cure for that
disease.
Some time ago there was put forward +, mi.
column the karrell cure for obesity KnrreII
was phEslcan TO the Car of Russia and other
wise eminent. lie advocated n certain dict Sor
obesity. and for dropsy from heart dis.nse ana
other causes. The diet was one which most
people think is Interchangeable The n,ticnt
takes not over classful of skinned mill ~
$; ~ ana o'clock each day. and nothing
thing. Only the skinned milk and pient~ IF
time 1t should be slipped slowly, hot or cola,
you please If tho diet causes constina
ton, soapy water enema is permissible when
needed After the third day the quantity NJ
milk may be mooerately increased and by the
end OF the week small quantities OF rice crack
or, cereal with bran mixed in fresh fruit on
fresh vegetable may lie added On this diet
patients lose anywhere from ten to forty pounds
n week. One of our readers woman IN
responsible place. writes: 81 commenced on
Monday morning tbiue Monday1 ana "n On ~
Friday night l took nothing but the skinned
milk. In that time lost eight and one half
pounds. Then by return engagements and fol-
lowing the menus suggested in Eat and Grow
Thin, / further reduced In the next six weeks
so that have lost twenty-one pounds in Sow
weeks. So here's to old Doctor Karrell and
young Doctor -------- the rest is
iminateriaI
Another reader says Il have been following,
the SKINNED milk diet YOU told about some
time ago. and have lost the twenty pounds vnn
promised. think IL wonderful ! am twenty.
four years Old
1t isn't wondcrf.;i. II is just con,mon-senss
treatment We've been harping incessantIv
about the fat person and her excess OF nourIsh
ment. Now she proves what we have main
tanned all along.
Questions md AnHwers.
Some Old Fishwife Stufr-NIy daughter nine
teen Is tired and listless all tho time, has much
headache. does not menstruatc regularly She
wants to enter normal school, but fear sho
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-10-10
COURT MARTIAL HEARS
CASE OF ENGINEERS
Fire Adds Excitement to Life Mt Cnmp
Stunrf, Colonel Stern's Tent
Being Dcstroycd

special court-martial. composed Of
Captains Hewett, Griffith and Conquest
and Lieutenants Augustine and Burk,
sat yesterday at Camp Stuart on the
case OF the ten members Of Company
y, engineers. charged with dIsobedience
to orders Just before pay day early in
September. First Lieutenant Bradley
j. BossieuS acted az judGe-ndvocate.
The trial was completed yesterday, and
the verdict OF the court was sent i'm
medlately to the headquarters OF the
Eastern Department, at Governors Is
land. y. y. 1t will be some time be-
fore the result Of the trial is made
known to the public.
Fire added excitement to the life of
Camp Stuart at noon yesterday when 1t
consumed the tent OF Lieutenant
Colonel 10 Lane Stern and threatened
TO destroy an entire row of officers
tents at headquarters. Brush burning
In the road In the rear Of headuuar-
tiers spread to hedge, and from
there TO Colonel Stern's tent. Practi-
caIiy all the property in the tent was
destroyed with the exception OF that
contained in tho trunk. The total loss
lis estimated at $3.50. While fighting
the fire, Colonel Stern fell and cut his
face slightly.
permission was received yesterday to
transfer the ten infantry recruits walt
ing In camp TO be sent TO Texas TO the
Signal Corps. The latter organizatfon
has been considerably lessened in size
by the discharge of It's members, and
the recruits are needed to bring Il ba RI.
to required strength. The transfer Will
be made to-day.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-10-10
Wasting Public Funds

W/ HlLE many Of Richmond's streets con
w tinue SO dusty and dirty as TO consti
tute an actual menace to health while eases
or dlphtheria, tonsiitis and other throat
diseases are waxing numerous the Street
Cleaning department keeps up its practice
OF assigning two and three men to :, one
morse garbage cart. To say this represents
waste OF public funds is to use terms
much too complimentary.
honesty is not everything in municipaI
government. Richmond has honesty wa
Deheve' In its STRENGTHENING Department
but II has precious little else no assign
three men TO one-horse cart is to waste the
wages or TWO of these men 1t is an nm
pardonable waste. for there is an ordinance
which requires householders to provide proper
Teceptacles for ashes and garbage and 10
pace these receptacles where they NAV bo
collected easily.
me Administrative Board received month";
ago the offer of a firm OF responsible con-
TRACTORS to take over the street cleaning do
more Of IL than is done now and save tho
city considerable amount of money If th;s
oner mas been withdrawn, there Is no oues
ton that another, equally or more favorable
may be obtained