The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1916-02-10
CIVIL WAR VETERAN
VERY NOTED SWISS

\ fees occupy a large building, with an
extensive personnel atwork on cable
and telegraph tariffs, the adjustment
OF disputes between countries over
rates and procedure, the preparation
OF cable, telegraph and wireless maps
and printed volumes embracing every
point the world over that can be
reached by any OF the modern meth
DDS OF quick transmission.
This union is unique In one re-
spcct." said Mr.. Frey, "as 1t is the
first realization Of the idea OF worlt!
administration. Before It was created
in 1865 the different nations had
passed similar laws, and uniformity
was secured by treaties and conven-
lions under these laws But the In
ternatlonal Union actually realized a
world-adminis!ratlon which Is now
carried on for nations all over the
globe with the same regularity as
any administration of state or pri-
vate telegraph organization.
The war has had a paralyzing ef-
feet on cable and telegraph transmits
slon-greater In its restrictions and
interpretations than anything in the
history Of electrical transmission.
This affects chiefly the belligerent
countries. all transmission between
them being at standstill, while the
transmission between neutrals and
bell!gerents. and between two neu-
trails, Is very much restricted and sub
ject to new and roundabout routes.
Latest III tsI@rge.
The latest list Of Interruptions
compiled by the Intentional Union
covers sixteen closely printed folio
pages-a first list OF twelve pages
and a supplement OF four pages.
Thirty complete Interruptions of all
communication between countries are
recorded, while the rest Of the list is
made up of the numberless restric-
tions on cipher kilograms, admissible
language, etc., each country having
put out mass OF regulations as a
measure OF military emergency. For
example. the arst page OF the list
shows the following complete inter-
ruptlons: All communication be-
tween Hungary and Russia. between
Austria and Russia, between Belgium
and Germany. between Berlin, Pero-
grad and Teheran, between France
and Luxembourg. between Austria
and France, between Austria and
Montenegro, between Hungary and
Serbia; between Bosnia, Herzegovina
and Serbia, between Turkey and Rus
STA; between Constantinople and
Odessa. between Constantlonple and
Tenedos. between Italy and Austria.
between Bulgaria and Serbia, be-
tween Roumania and Serbia, etc.
This is only one page, and each
subsequent page gives Its mass OF in
terruptions. complete Or partial. Aus
tria has put out great number Of re-
strctions, and SO has Turkey and
Hungary. But Germany is the one
country making no restrictions, ap-
parently seeking to increase rather
than restrict Its communications.
War interruption OF wireless is
separately compiled, and makes four
printed pages Singularly the re-
strictions of the United States form
the larger part fthis, lis restrictions
being one-fourth of the whole, and
greater than that Of any of the bel
ligerents.
But while war has thus paralyzed
the cable and telegraph facilities,
none of the fighting countries have
withdrawn from the International
Union, and the union Is continuing
Its work OF carrying on this world
inter-communicatlon as far as posi-
bic under the limitations imposed by
censorship and laws completely
stopping communication.
Tremendous Growth.
Some idea Of the tremendous
growth Of the cable and telegraph in
peace times is given in thel asst list
of stations published by the Interna-
tional Union. compared with their
first list in 1868. The first list gave
1850 as the total number OF tele-
graph stations throughout the world;
the last list gives the number as
10000. The union prepared the
first list of cables In 1877, when
there were 42O government-owned
cables. 149 private-owned, 'totaling
11ST0O Kilometres in length. The
last cable list shows four-fold ex-
pansion, viz, 1892 governmcnt-owned
cables. 412 private-ownCd, in all q
104 cable lines having length Of
469,073 kilometers, or about thirteen
times around the world
Just now it is the wireless which is
making the most rapid strides, and
Mr.. Frey finds 1t difficult to keep up
with the sweep Of this new medium
of communication to the remotest |
islands of the seas. Each govern
ment gets up a list OF its own sta
lions, for. instance, showing all army,
navy and private wireless stations,
all boats with wireless, including
eevn the yachts of Vincent Astor and
Others with wireless equipment.
The telephone, which is also adj
by the union, shows how
this civilizing process is being carried
into uncivilized regions. For ex-
ample. the Ivory coast In Africa has
50 telephone stations. Senegal 173,
Dahomey IS, Gabou n, Madagascar
369. And there Is hardly a people
the world over so low In the scale of
civilization as not to be In touch with
the outer world in some of the many
modern means Of quick communica-
tion.
Rate Changes
Mr.. Frey has seen cable and tele-
graph rates go down as the extent OF