davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Omaha daily bee., 1916-03-04

AAN1AhAbRA Hhh~
stantially the same resolution he had
offered as substitute to the Gore
resolution. The McCumber resolu-
tion will go TO the calendar.
WASHINGTON, March S.---By a
vote OF 6S to Il. greater majority
than they expected, administration
forces In the senate today tabled
Senator Cores resolution to warn
Americans off the armed ships Of
the European belligerents and
thereby finally queiied In the senate
an agitation which has embarrassed
President Wilson In the submarine
negotiations with Germany.
Senator Cores resolution, sub
stitute by Senator McCumber, re-
publican, and an attempt by Senator
Gore to strengthen his original pro-
posal all were defeated at one time
on a roll call on a motion by Senator
James, one OF the administration
whips, to table them. The admins
tration victory in the senate trans
ferred the fight to the house.
Il was said AZ the White House that the
result In the senate was satisfactory ana
met the wishes OF President Wilson. II
was added that attention would now he
concentrated on the situation IN the
house
Two Democrats Against II.
- .N
his resolution Senators Chamberlain
and o'GormRn were the only democrats
who voted against the administration.
The other twelve snti-administratio
votes were republican. Forty-seven dem
ocrats and twenty-one republicans voted
to table the resolution
During the roll call Senator Smoot. re-
publican, asked to be excused from vot-
inng because he was not able to vote III
rect on the proposition. Senator Borah.
republican, objected. but the senate
voted to excuse him.
When Senator Stones name was called
he arose 10 explain that Senator sauis-
bury, democrat. was absent on account
OF illness. He said that. IL present. SEN
stor Salisbury would have voted aye on
the original resolution.
Senator Borah, Notwithstanding that
Mr.. Stone was explaining the vote OF n
colleague. objected
III this senate is going to be gagged
the senator from Missouri will be gagged
with the rest OF u.s." Senator Borah
shouted.
When order was restored Senator
Stone explained that ION this resolution
l vote aye"
There was some uncertainty amt N
senator's as to the status OF the various
resolutions when the roll call had be-
gun. II was explained then that Senator
James, had moved to lay not only the
Gore warning resolution. but also the so
called corrected resolution on the table
II was necessary. then, for senators TO
express themselves as to warnings and
on the question OF killing of an American
on an unarmed merchantman as a cause
for war In one vote.
Double Question Causes Confusion.
For that reason Senator Gore voted 20
table because he did not favor his own
Omaha daily bee., 1916-03-04

MALoJA
the
All
Omaha daily bee., 1916-03-04
RUSSIANS CAPTURE
BITLIS BY ASSAULT
Cars Forces Take Town in Turk
ish Armenia by Storm.
BRITISH SEIZE EGYPT TOWN

PETRoGRAD Cvia London).
March at Is officially an
nounced that the Russians have
captured Bitlis, Turkish Armenia,
about 10 miles southeast OF Erze-
rum near the southwestern extremity
of Lake Van. The city was taken
by assault.
Bitlis is a city of about $4,000 in
habitants and the capital of the
vilayet of the same name. II has
numerous mosques and converts of
dancing dervishes and is located
400 feet above sea level,
The Turks are said 10 be strengthen
ing the fortiflcations of Slvas, which is
about 900 miles west OF Erzerum. the only
point considered here as likely TO be a
serious obstruction TO the westward pas
sage OF the Russians. Turkish rein
/ forcements are pouring daily into this
center.
Russian forces I'm Persia with Ker.
| manshah safe I'm their possession are
now reported moving toward the British
| forces in MeEopotamia.
| Egyptian Town Captured.
CAIRO. Egypt, March 3-tVia Lon
! don. )-sldi Barani a town In western
Egypt, was reoccupied without opposition
by British forces yesterday after beins
fer thre months in the hands OF tribes
men commanded by Turkish officers.
Further information indicates that the
Turks casualties on February "a were
heavy. Thirty-three thousand rounds of
ammunition. a machine gun, fifty camels
and large quantity of dates were cap
tured.
Among the prisoners were Gaafar
J Pasha. the second in command. and Ne
had Bey and about thirty others.
The British casualties included two Off
| GERS killed and six wounded
Omaha daily bee., 1916-03-04

WASHINGTON. March 3.-Senator
Borah i'm the debate in the senate this
afternoon upheld the right OF Americans
to go on armed merchantmen. He said
the senate, "the highest legislative body
in the world had been "GermaniEed''
as III directed by the Kaiser from the
throne"
In reintroducing his resolution Senator
McCumber protested that debate could
not be shut off and that either later to-
day or tomorrow he would call up his
resolution.
Senator Clarke, democrat of Arkansas,
also protested against the senate's action.
although he voted with the majority.
There is no overlooking the fact" he
said that all the declarations OF this
government have led in a certain direc-
ton that official America at least was
interested In the success of one of the
contestants and II does not require much
ingenuity to determine which. l do
not think that the view of official WASH
! ington is the view OF the American peo-
| pie or of the American congress.
II am out of patience with those con-
stantly seeking to magnify the import
ance of the utterances OF the president.
who feel that his having once expressed
an opinion others opinions must be In
stantly paralyzed.
II am perfectly willing to let a cit
izen of the United States travel as he
! wants, but l am unwilling to let him
| make his travels the subject OF inter-
/ national controversy"
! Senator Gallinger, republican, explain
! ing his. vote not to table the Gore reso-
I luton, said:
( Il think we are entitled 10 debate this
/ question i'm the open. BY our action to-
day we have reached no conclusions. l
am in favor OF doing all we can TO pre-
( vent war and l think It wise to advise
| against -4mericans travelling on armed
/ ships
Like order from Kaiser.
| Senator Borah, on the other hand, said
! that he was in favor. after full debate,
/ Of having congress 90 on record as sup
porting the right Of Americans to go
3 on armed merchant men. right reeos-
4 nized for so years. and to tell the world
+ that any nation which did not recognize
/ that right would be held to strict ac'
countsbility
I've denounce Germany because we dc
not like its system OF government noI
its mllitarism," said Senator Borah
! yet tne senate of the United states
the highest legislative body in the world
( was Germanized today. We took the
/ same attitude and reached the same re-
suit by the same process as the highest
! German legislative body would If di'
rected by the kaiser from the throne.
Suppose the president had said tC
/ Representative Pou: You viii proceed
Immediately to conjure up some scheme
to stifle debate and then take the vote
Omaha daily bee., 1916-03-04
BULLETIN.

WASHINGTON March 3.--senator
McCumber later reintroduced sub
stantially the same resolution he had
offered as a substitute to the Gore
resolution. The McCumber resoiu-
tion will go TO the calendar.
Omaha daily bee., 1916-03-04

station and State

n indicates Trace OF pfeclpIta tiOnl
L. A. WELSH. Local ForecasteT.
Omaha daily bee., 1916-03-04
The Weather
Temperature. at oa."an YESTERDAYS
ComparRtIve Aocal necord.

1916 1915 1914 1913
Highest yesterday ... % 33 a 43
Lowest yesterday ....., "a 80 -
Mean temperature .... l3 S IS 36
precipitation .......4.-. .Oi 81 90 4
Temperature and precipitation depart
ures from the normal:
Normal temperature ..................... %
Deficiency for the day.............. l6
Total deficiency Slnce March 1.......... ~
Norman precipitation .,.........,.. .O4 inch
Deficiency for the day..............O inch
Total rainfall since March H. .O7 inch
Deficiency since March 1....,...... .O4 inch
Excess for cor. period BIB. .I2 inch
Deficiency for cor. period. 1914. II inch
Omaha daily bee., 1916-03-04

Continued on Page Two. Column onel
Omaha daily bee., 1916-03-04
Call Tyler 1000

II hOu Want 20 Talk 20 The bee
or 10 Anyone Connected
With The Bee.
Omaha daily bee., 1916-03-04

Ccontlnued on Page -Four. Column one)
Evening star., 1916-12-03
Woman Guards the Rights of Children Who Labor

second. a series of studies of the ad-
ministration of child labor laws in
various states.
The states are not uniform at present
either in the provisions concerning the
age and hours of work which directly
affect the children leaving school and
going into industry. or in the methods
of administration, which are less obvi-
Gus. but equally important.
The new federal child labor law"
effect next September, will Immediately
affect children in factories and mines
producing goods for interstate COM
merce. About a dozen states have pro-
visions which In the most important re-
spects are up to the standard of the
federal laws: but even these states are
not uniform in their administration.
The federal laws should serve to stimu-
late all states to bring up their stand
ards and to perfect their methods of
administration. In general. it is the
biggest contribution of uniformity yet
made to the whole matter.
1T is well known that the growing
body is peculiarly liable to injury from
overstrain and is peculiarly sensitive
to all sorts Of industrial hazards. Sew
eral European Investigations indicate,
moreover. that many young. growing
bodies do not attain their normal
height and weight when subjected to
industrial labor In some states in this
country child from fourteen to six
teen years of age must pass a physical
examination before he can go to work
and in some states this examination
must show that he is able to enter the
particular occupation for which he has
a promise of employment. But in order
to make this legislation effective, we
are in great need both of a standard
measurement for sound health and Of
scientific studies of the strain involved
in different occupations.
"At present the most poorly defined
standard relating to child labor is the
physical standard. and only by exact
observation and measurements can 1t
be conclusively demonstrated whether
or not in this country. as in Europe,
child labor endangers the physical de-
velopment of children and causes many
to grow up stunted or malformed who
under other conditions would be
healthy, vigorous and well built.
The establishment of standards
which will make possible the intelli-
gent enforcement of already existing
child labor laws. and also the great
need for such scientific investigation of
the effects of different occupations on
the body during it's formative period
as will furnish an authoritative basis
for further legislation, are matters of
the utmost Importance today.
In order to conserve ana increase the
Evening star., 1916-12-03

being the best painters. carvers and
canoe builders of southeaste Alaska
In the past they followed their canoes
cut OF single logs of cedar, and they
built houses with cedar beams and
planks, which were worked out with
adzes OF stone. At one time there
were something like eight thousand of
them. but during our possession of
Alaska the number in the United
states territory has never been more
than SIX or eight hundred.
Among the other movements to better
the Indians of southeastern Alaska is
that of school farming Both children
and adults are shown how to make
gardens, and some of the villages are
growing vegetables and berries of yari-
GUS kinds. AT klukwan they are rais-
ing turnIps, potatoes and carrots, and
also cabbages, peas and lettuce One of
the teachers reports that he has SUPER
vised the making of seventeen native
gardens inside the Arctic circle, and
that he has four large school gardens
doing we'll There are Indian gardens
at Eagle, Fort Yukon and Klawock,
ana one has been started at Unalaska
in the Aleutian Islands
FRANK G. CARPENTER
Evening star., 1916-12-03

are the Indians most known to the
tourists. and their totem poles OF
tribal emblems and coats-of-arms are
stu to be seen in many OF the VII
laEes, although they are gradually dis
appearing with the march of civiliza-
tion. The Thlingit villages are always
built near the shore. Nine-tenths OF
their support comes from fishing, and
they like to live right on the beach:
Nearly every family has its boats. and
some own gasoline launches. The
houses are usually scattered through
out the town, without regard to any
fixed plan. 1t is only lately that any
OF them have had gardens about them.
In the past the buildings were made
of rude slabs and bark thrown together
over pole rafters. None of the houses
had chimney or window and the
smoke passed out through hole in
the roof. Now. the most Of them are
frame. with windows and chimneys-
Some Of them are ceiled, and some are
papered and painted. They have
shfngled roofs and are comfortable
homes. The Indians have become good
carpenters. They have modern tools.
stores and sawmiIls.
The new buildings are planned with
regard to sanitary conditions Some
OF the towns have plank sidewalks. and
IN one or two there are electric lights.
In Klukwan the Indians have piped
the water from the mountains and
established a municipal water system.
The same Is true to some extent in
Metlakahtla. where the water is
brought from lake in the mountains.
The Metlakahtla Indians have already
described. The proper name for them is
Tsimseans. They were converted from
savages to civilization by Father Duncan
and their village on Annette Island has
cottage homes that would be considered
comfortable in almost any town of the
States. Metlakahtla has plank sidewalks
and its streets are laid out in regular
order. Each house has its garden.
There is a largo general store. a saw
mill and fish canning factory. The
people have the largest church In
Alaska and also a town hall and IL
brary. Many Of them speak English.
The government school building re-
Gently erected is q large two-storZ
Evening star., 1916-12-03

most valuable capital of society tha
force and health of mankind, il is our
imperative duty to adopt. such meas
ures as will prevent the impoverishment
eration.'
The children's bureau has made a few
experimental studies from which IL
hopes ultimately to develop a sound and
practical method of cooperation by
which it will be enabled to utilize ex-
listing state machinery for the physi-
cal examination of working children
and to secure data about the effects OF
occupations in which children are at
present employed.
An index of all laws affecting children
in the various states is now in prepara-
ton under Miss Summers supervision.
The demand for such an index is wide
spread. Fifteen states have already
been indexed. and in many cases these
indexes are being used by the states as
a basis for the preparation of chill
dren's code. Before the bureau index of
New York was made, the statement was
made by a prominent child welfare
worker of that state that no one knew
Just what were the laws of New York
affecting children, because they were
so scattered through various volumes
of codes and session laws. This might
be said with equal correctness OF most
of the other states in the Union
X
There is possibly no ono In enS
United States better fitted to assume
the responsibility of serving as q gov
ernment specialist on the bearing OF
Industrial matters upon the problems
of child welfare than is Miss Sumner.
for she has made the subject nor
study and her work for many years
past An A. b. Of Wellesley ana q
PHI u. of the University of wis.
consin, she has investigated deeply ana
written much upon her subject.
Before the childrens' bureau was or.
ganized she prepared two studies FOR
the bureau of labor statistica The
first was a history Of women In In.
dustry. which appeared as one volume
in the special report on the condition
of woman and child wage-earners In
the United States. Tho other was .
report on industrial courts in Europa
based on field study in Germany
France and Switzerland.
Miss Sumner collaborated with Pfo3
Thomas S. Adams. then of the Ona.
versity of Wisconsin and now Of Yale
in preparing a book on Labor Problems.
which has been for ten years probably
the most widely used college text book
on the subject in this country.
Miss Sumner Is a member OF the
American Economics Association,
American Association Of Labor Legis.
lation, National Woman's Labor Union
League and the College -SetuemsoE ~.
ISOLATION.
Evening star., 1916-12-03

Alaska 1t is ten feet
wide and more than half a mile long.
Since then the citizens have erected
a municipal dock, which is 40 feet
long. with front of SIS feet.
The cooperative store has created a
hunger for business training, and busi-
ness methods are taught in the school.
The village has town meetings. at
which all matters of public interest are
discussed, and the popular vote de-
termines what shall be done.
The Haidas are not Thlingits. They
belong to a different Indian family and
for a long time their only home seems
to have been on Queen Charlotte Is
land, in British Columbia. Later some
of them moved to the west coast and
about 200 years ago, according to their
traditions, they drove the Thlingits
out of a part of Prince Of Wales Is
land and settled there. They have al
ways been considered a superior In
dian, and have had the reputation of
Evening star., 1916-12-03

for a situation which heretofore has
not given the working child in the
United States proper chance in life
Miss Sumner, who is one of the busy
coterie of scientific workers In the in
terest Of child welfare connected with
the childrens bureau. has general su-
pervision over the infant mortality
studies to which the bureau has thus
far been devoting a large part of its
energies. Infant mortality-that is,
the deaths of babies under twelve
months of age-is a phase Of the fun
damental problem of industrial adjust
ment. The bureaus studies include
babies in every type of home; and in
each of the communities for which find
ings have been compiled the fact ap-
pears that the greatest hazards to in
FAINT life are found in families where
the fathers earnings are the smallest.
The industrial aspects of child well
fare have been for many years. how
ever, Miss Summers chief interest. and
her contributions to the publications of
the children's bureau have been thus
far studies of child labor legislation
first. q compilation and analysis Of the
text Of all state child labor laws, and
Evening star., 1916-12-03
CHIEF THOMAS AND FAMILY.

stantial log cabins. and many of their
houses have frame doors and glass
windows. Some of these Indians are
now planting gardens. and not a few
use cook stoves and other furniture
like that Of the whites. The most Of
them have become Christians. al
though they retain many OF their old
superstitions and customs. The gov
ernment has established public schools
in all of the large villages. and the
younger generation is learning to speak
English.
The Indians admire the whites and
try to initiate them. They are now
dressing much the same. except that
they delight in bright colors. During
my trip we have had a number Of In
dian men and women with US on the
tourist steamers. The Indians watch
the whites and try to do as they do.
The other day a young squaw sat down
at the table opposite two travelling
statesmen from Seattle. AS the meal
went on they noticed that the girls
orders were the same as their own. She
was pretending to study the menu, but
they concluded that she could not read
and that this was her first experience
with the white mans victualB. There
upon. one of them ordered for dessert a
slice Of custard pie and winked at his
friend to do the same. The squaw in
her turn gave a similar order When
the pie came one of the travelling men
seized the catsup bottle and sprinkled
a liberal allowance of hot tomato sauce
over his pie. His friend followed suit
and then showed the catsup across the
table to the copper-skinned girl. She
did the same. only more SO. The men
then delayed their eating to watch the
agony of the Indian. The fair squaw,
however, heroically finished her pie
without winking. and. as far as any
one could see, the joke was on them
During my travels in southeastern
Alaska I saw many of the Thlingits.
These Indians are found on the coast
and in the islands Of the panhandle,
and their settlements extend as far
north Is Prince William sound. They
Evening star., 1916-12-03

dozen different stocks. Tho Athapas
cans number Just about four thousand.
They are divided into twelve tribes.
and may be seen all along the Yukon
closely allied to the Eskimos. They
number perhaps fifteen hundred. They
live in the long island chain which
extends from southwestern Alaska al
most to Asia. They are fishers and
hunters. They have some artistic abil-
ity, and the finely woven baske cts which
come from Alaska are made by their
women. The Thlingit is an Indian
family that is found scattered through
southeastern Alaska 1t numbers four
dozen or more tribes. including the
AUX. the Chilkat. the Kake. the Sitka.
Stikine Tongas. Yakutat and others.
The Klukwans are Thtngfts and so
civilized and nearly every tribe has
it's own church and school. And then
there are the Haidas. numbering hve
or six hundred, and the Tsimseans.
who were brought from Canada by
Father Duncan. Both of the latter
tribes live on the islands Of south
eastern Alaska
On my way Gown the Yukon I saw
many of the Athapascans. They have
camps near the white settlements. and
one sees their salmon wheels along the
banks Of the rivers. with the fish dry
ing racks nearby. The Indians use fish
wheels to catch the winter supply Of
salmon for themselves and their dogs.
The wheels are SO made that they are
turned by the current. They have
great nets attached to them, into which
the flsh swim and are carried up into
the air and dropped into a box, while
the Indians sit on tho bank and smoke
at their leisure. Every few hours the
fish are taken out OF the boxes. They
are cleaned by the squaws apd hung on
the racks In the sun to dry. They are
then taken home and laid away in the
cache. or high shed upon poles that
stands beside each Indian home. This
Is to keep them away from the dogs
and wild animals. The cache is reached
by a ladder and the fish are brought
down as needed
I have been interested In the homes Of
the Athapascans. They live In sub.
Evening star., 1916-12-03

ganized a cooperative trading COM
pany and are paying big dividends to
their stockholders. With only $1,000
invested within the past three years
they have paid dividends of $4,000. Last
year the directors declared a dividend
of so per cent, and the company has so
increased its stock that it will under
take fish canning and saw milling
business
AS it is now. nearly every family in
Hydaburg has stock in this trading
company, and the people are rapidly
growing well-to-do. Nearly every one
has his gasoline launch and all have
comfortable homes. The town elects
its own officers. 1t has a mayor and
counclmen and the business of the
place is transacted in English. One of
the first cooperative works was the
building of Sidewalk There was
no money in the village treasury, but
the young men brought in the proceeds
of their seasons fishing, and the Indian
girls had basket social, at which the
food was charged for. the proceeds to
go to the sidewalk. AT that social $3.50
was realized This bought the lumber
and the men gave their labor without
charge. That sidewalk is the best in