Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-07-02
FIELD. FARM AND FLOCK.
for Pouymen Gardeners Stock Rasers Orchardsts
Cleaned From Researches of Experts
DAIRY AND LIVE STOCK.

| is no step in the production of good
| butter more important than the sailing.
| 1t has been the common belief Of feed
ers that a first cross between two pure
! breeds produces an animal that makes
more rapid gains and natures earlier than
would an animal of either of the pure
| breeds that entered into the cross. The
| blue-gray steer tShort -horn-G Ga lloway
CROSSE has been famous feeder for
many years. Likewise farmers that are
raising hogs for the butchers block usual
| ly prefer Berkshire Poland China. Duroc-
| Tamworth. or roc-Berkshire first
crosses to pure bred stock of any of these
breeds There is increase of vigor In
the first generation cross 1t has also
! been known for many years that first
generation crosses among plants that have
| been bred pure for some time will give
an increase of yield over their parent
stock. Later experiments have brought
out a point that the earlier eXperimenters
| failed fully to appreciate-that the in
| crease in vigor from crossing is only tenn
porary. After the first generation there
! is decrease in the yielding power of
hybrid strains. Unfortunately most creed
| ers after they have made a cross with
good results. will try to perpetuate hy-
| brid variety.
| With the demand for good draft horses
advancing, the young colts should receive
the best care to insure rapid and complete
development. Many may be ruined by
heavy feeding in the stalls, where they
cannot take exercise. The ideal shelter
for colts is a tightly built shed open to
the south, where the animals may go in
or out at their own, pleasure and where
they may have the run of lot for exer-
else. dry bed and a protection from
cold winds and rain is all that is needed
Glover and alfalfa make good roughage
Tor colts. with grain ration of two parts
no hrs0T 1al
tie danger of overlooking a colt if room
for proper exercise is given. Growth can
be made more cheaply during the first
year than at any other time and feed
should not be spared
Those who have had the least to do
with horses ascribe to them an intelli-
gence which they really do not possess
horse knows about as much when it
is born as it ever does. The majority of
horses have very little will power, they
can he rendered docile and tractable they
Will work at high pressure until ex-
hausted never apparently learning the OBJ
Vious lesson that it is the willing horse
winch suffers and that the more they
work the more they will get to do The
So-called stupidity of the ass and the pro-
voking obstinacy of the mule are not in
dications of a lack of intelligence On the
contrary, they manifest determination
of purpose which If they could combine
against man would secure for them com
plete freedom from civilization A horse
that jibs' is one that has learned to dis
obey he has learned his own strength
ana the comparative powerlessness of his
master. and he has learned this through
an exercise of reason. The 'iibbler" is
an intelligent and not a stupid horse
To raise calf properly. begin on the
COW before the calf is born
The better feeding of live stock. the
more valuable is the manure and the
tS tta
there for the proper handling of it. The
best method Of treating manure is to
haul it out as soon as made and scatter
1t over the field. whether the season be
winter or summer.
Discard the cow which has failed at
the end OF the year to pay market price
for all the feed she has consumed
The cost Of keeping calf during its
nrst -FOUR weeks is nearly double that
OF any other four-week period of its life
The supplying of an abundance of water
at a suitable temperature is a question
which should always be given most care
III! consideration during the winter sea
son In some instances it may pay to
nave tank heater to keep the water
at me right temperature. II it be
pumped fresh from the well no tank
heater is necessary. Cows nearly ALWAYS
fall off in milk flow during a period of
very cold weather. and i'm many instances
to the fact that they do not drink enough
water while the cold spell lasts
Cows should not be kept too long on
one particular ration. good though II
may be, and the feed should consist of
variety Of materials rather than anv
single one sufficient ration must be
gwen for the maintenance of body and
the production of milk, 1t is false econ
omy to allow COW to produce milk at
the expense of her own body
Judicious feeding is largely responsi
BILE for Improvement in beef cattle in the
past is reasonable to suppose that IT
VIII be just as potent factor in the
future. If you win examine the methods
or the most successful breeders men who
are producing the best types of cattle
you will find them good judges and good
The COW before calving needs plenty
or feed Of the right kind In order to
be In good flesh at calvirg time She
have some reserve to fall back on.
COW that calves In a half starved con-
dition cannot do justice to herself nor
to the calf.
greatest efficiency which means one
made up of liberal allowance of grain
The tax upon the COW at this time is so
great and the full nourishrnent Of +bs
calf so important that II is poor econ
omy to practice ANYTHING but a good sys-
tenn of feeding. The feed should he of
SUCH a Character that 1t will stimulate
good milk flow. For developing a Young
calf. whole milk, Some Of the best beef
cows are nor especially noted for milk
records, and anything which can he
done to make them give more milk will
surely be appreciated by the calf
Alfalfa is especially suited for mill,
production because of it's high protein
content and Its richness in mineral ele-
fnents. me grain ration should consist
or corn or ground kafr combined with
bran and cottonseed meal Silage is also
an excellent food for stimulating the
milk flow and will take the place Of mas
ture During the season when the grass
is good the cow will not need SO very
much grain. but the grain ration should
not be cut off entirely If you expect to
raise good calf. When the grass he
comes short during the summer season
it is an excellent plan to supply some
alfalfa hay. vi
Valley Of Virginia.