The Cook County news-herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Cook County, Minn.) 1909-current, 1916-10-18
valuable
IN CASTING Steel
Continued from first page)

to cleanse the steel. This repre-
sents an addition of one-tenth of
one per cent of metallic titanium.
In the use Of titanium for steel
castings, an addition of one and one
half to two pounds per ton of steel
seems to be sufficient.
Many years ago the Adirondack re-
gion in New York was dotted with
blast furnaces-small stone build
ings using local charcoal as fuel and
having capacities varying from five or
six tons per day upwards. The ruins
Of these furnaces are still to be seen
At that time, which was along about
1920 and later, thousands of men
were employed in what is now the
wilderness of the Ausable country in
northeastern New York, in the min
ing and concentrating of magnetic
ores many Of which were titanifer-
Gus, and in the production therefrom
of iron. 1t was then the chief seat
of the iron industry of America. 1t
is now a wilderness. At these old
furnaces for producing iron from
this titaniferous ore they made a Pc
culiarly good iron, but for many
years they did not realize that their
excessive fuel consumption was due
to the presence Of titanium. 1t was
only when the price of charcoal pig
iron declined, and other ore fields
arose, that the industry in the Adj
rondacks lost it's prestige. But the
fact is that there was, for many
years an industry located in these
mountains making good iron. At
that time there was no use for fer
ro-titanium, in high grade pig iron
to be used for anchors, chain, guns,
nails and such general material.
Those furnaces had the advantage
also for forests from which they
could make charcoal fuel. The same
advantage exists in northern Min
nesota today.
In the course of an article in the
Iron Trade Review w. A. Jannsen
very pertinently says:
Many tests made on rails and
maching parts Indicate the ability
of titanium-treated rails to with
stand shocks and abrasion, the life
of gears and rails being about SO
per cent greater than those made of
untreated steels. In a comparative
test on gears it was found that IT,
tanium-treated gears, although made
OF O.2O per cent carbon steel too
soft to be ordinarily considered &C.
ceptable for machine parts, outlast-
ed untreated steel gears of the same
composition three to one.
Steel, instead of being a homo
geneous compound, must be consi-
dered as a heterogeneous mechani-
cal aggregate of crystals of definite
shapes, welded onto the adjacent
crystals. The efficiency of these
YIELDS and the ultimate strength of
steel against fracture, rupture and
fatigue is directly dependent upon
the absence Of segregated impurities
which segregate at the foundries of
these crystals. With the elimination
Of these occuled impurities by the
use of titanium, these crystals are
brought into closer weld with one
another Segregation is further re-
duced by the elimination of the &C.
cluded oxides which because of low
err specific gravity rise and form a
path for the selective segregation
of PHOSPHORUS, sulphur and the cry
stalls of higher carbon constituency.
with the present high cost of
ferre- manganese and the attendant
shortage Of supply, the writer has
carried on some extensive expert
ments to conserve his terro-magnan~
csc without effecting the quality of
the product. Realizing that the
manganese present in the steel
castings contributes only indirectly
in increasing the strength, the pur-
pose of these experiments.was to re-
duce the manganese from OTIS to
0.50 per cent. To be assured of the
same strength, the usual ferro-man-
ganese addition was reduced from
800 pounds for 20-ton heat to 200
pounds, and the ferro- titanium ad-
dition increased from 60 to 12O !
pounds. Tensile tests for these
heats of $4,000 pounds, for a 0.2oI
per cnt carbon steel, with an aver
age elongation of 80 per cent, and a |
reduction of area of At per cent.
ut can be we'll appreciaet that
the use of ferro-titanium in making
steel castings is no longer an inno-
walton, but rather necessity to off,
set the Vagaries and shortcomings