davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1916-05-26

The problem Of maintaining high
ways constructed with borrowed
money should be given as much con-
sideration as is devoted to the more
permanent features of the roadbed.
It has not been customary for off,
cials to face frankly the cost Of the
maintenance and repair of bond-built
highways at the time the bonds are
issued and before construction begins.
AS a matter of fact, investigations
made by the department show that in
the majority Of cases where bonds
have been issued by local authorities
there has been no provision whatever
for maintaining the roads when built.
This is perhaps the greatest defect in
the method of building highways by
issuing bonds.
Maintenance is necessary in order
to insure to the community the maxi
mum economic service by the road,
and also to preserve the investment.
The cost of maintenance and repairs
must, therefore, be studied at the
outset. In the absence of general
data, the reports on maintenance from
states which have highway depart
ments should be Of interest to county
officers preparing to issue road-build-
ing bonds.
Cost Of Maintenance.
The following opinions as to main
tenance cost represent the results of
careful analyses of state highway re-
ports, as we'll as much first-hand in
formation gathered by the depart.
ment's specialists:
Well-constructed gravel roads will
sometimes sustain several years of
farm traffic without showing marked
deterioration, even when there has
been no maintenance. Such roads
sometimes actually improve during
the second season; more frequently,
however, they show ruts or chuck
holes. It cannot be expected that the
average life Of q gravel surface will
be greater than that of macadam
surface, which in the New England
and eastern states is between six and
seven years. II q sum equal to two
thirds of the original cost of the
gravel surface itself Is provided fol
renewals at six-year intervals. II
should be estimated at from $3.50 tc
$3.50 per mile per year. II $50 is ther
allowed for annual dragging and small
repairs, the total annual cost Of re
pair and maintenance for gravel roads
would be from $3.50 to $3.50 per mile
The annual cost of maintenance alone
is sometimes below $50. In Ben
nington county, VT. during 1912, III
miles of gravel roads were maintained
at a cost Of $20.70 per mile. The an
nual cost of maintenance and repai
on sand-clay roads, including all nee
essary resurfacing at periodic inter
walls, should not be fixed at less thai
10 per cent of the original cost.
What Figures Show.
The cost of repair and maintenance
for water-bound macadam roads ha
been determined with considerable ex
actness from Massachusetts, figure
and checked by resurfacing charges il
other states and in Germany. Prio
to 1913, from 800 to $125 per yea
ordinarily paid for necessary small
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1916-05-26

repairs, such as patching, cleaning
culverts, etc., and from $400 to $425
per year was the necessary annual
charge in order to resurface at pc
RODS varying from six to seven years
The sum of $525 per mile, on an aver.
age, should therefore maintain mac
adam roads if changes and increases
Of traffic are not excessive. 1t must
be understood, however, that in many
instances where macadam sufficed for
the volume and character Of traffic
prior to 1906, it will not Withstand the
action of the motor vehicle traffic
which has developed since that time.
Many miles Of ordinary or water.
bound macadam road have been re-
surfaced with bituminous materials,
and many miles of new bituminous-
macadam have been constructed. The
logical maintenance Of such highways
is a surface treatment with bitumi-
nous material and rock screenings,
clean gravel, or sharp sand. The cost
of such surface treatment is from 4
to IL cents per square yard, and 1t
may be expected to last from one to
three years, according to the density
of traffic and the success of the appli-
cation. theoretically, perfect surface
treatment would constitute absolute
maintenance for q bituminous-mac-
adam road. Such maintenance Is
seldom or never realized and bitumi-
nous-macadam roads doubtless require
resurfacing at intervals. The cost of
such resurfacing is not yet known.
Repair and Maintenance.
The average cost for repair and
maintenance Of 1900 miles of highway
in Connecticut, Massachusetts,, New
York. New Jersey and Rhode Island,
TOR the year 1912, was about $500 per
mile. A large part Of this money was
expended for bituminous resurfacing
and bituminous surface treatment.
There is some question whether the
expenditure correctly measures the
average cost Of repairing and main
tanning bituminous-macadam roads.
In the state of New York, however.
for the years 1911 and 1912 the aver
age cost for repair and maintenance
was $724 per mile upon q total aver.
age Of 1851 miles. The annual cost
of repair and maintenance on Massa'
chusetts state roads for the years
1910, 1911 and 1912 was, respectively
$642, $647 and $676 per mile for about
$50 miles. For the most part these
figures for New York and Massachu
sets represent the cost per mile Of
resurfacing with bituminous materia
and Of maintaining bituminous-macad
am and water-bound macadam roads
by surface treatment with bituminoui
material. It il clear, therefore. thai
for heavy traffic trunk line roads $70(
per mile is not an excessive estimate
at present for the annual cost of al
repair and maintenance on bitumi-
nous-macadam roads.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1916-05-26
Build Them Now.

Some day we will be unanimously of
the opinion that the way to save
money on roads is to build them now.
The cost per ton mile for hauling on
hard-surfaced roads should not exceed
13 cents.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1916-01-12
DEFENSE APPROPRIATIONS.

Apropos the preparedness program
being so Valiantly foisted upon us by
the newspapers, take the liberty of
calling your attention to the follow
ing from the literature of the Nation
al Security league:
According to official government
reports there are barely 10000 mo-
bile troops in continental United
States. These are distributed among
81 widely scattered posts. which
would make it impossible to mobilize
quickly at any given point. This
small force is short of officers, am
munition and equipment. Further
more, it has no organized reserve.
"Our national guard, coast de-
lenses and our. navy are made
quate." etc.
1t occure to me that after reading
the above, any intelligent man would
naturally conclude that it is not
question of how much money, but
what have you done. with what we
have been giving you for years? The
facts as presented by the National
Security league give us basis for a
claim for damages against our for
mer officials. Somebody has been
guilty of Incompetence when we stop
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1916-01-12

most anything in the vegetable and
fruit line and an occasional nut.
Even the climate down there will
cause a mans imagination to grow
sadly out of proportion to the real
tiles.
He refers to John A. Dowie as hav-
ing been Elijah, etc. John surely
did love to play the role of Elijah
and he made a financial success of it,
too.
But when he departed this life he
took the usual course we poor NOR
tails do, whereas his predecessor of
bible days went straight up.
I would suggest that a Day Book
reporter be appointed to investigate
this man CD who surrounds him.
self with the halo of divinity. If he
is the real Christ this long-suffering
world ought to know about it
Lyndon M. Hall, haywood.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1916-01-12
THE PUBLIC FORUM
OBSERVATIONS A gentleman

OBSERVATIONS. - A gentleman
of leisure is creature rotting in
laziness.
The humiliation of woman, though
sanctifed by tradition, is calamity,
and those are poor, specimens OF
manhood who disfavor her exemp-
ton from subsection.
Asserting that duck can steer an
aeroplane is not more preposterous
than asserting that pastor can lead
souls to heaven.
Warning against capitalism is rea-
sonable, for capitalism has intro
duced the warfare of the jungle into
human existence.
A nation in arms is a nation in
decadence.
Men of wealth laud patriotism.
Why? Because it enables these
greed-obsessed hogs to swindle the
labor class.
He is unfit to be at large without
a guardian who believes that the lib
erty of poor man is the same as the
liberty of a rich man.
Politicians beat their breasts at
pious gatherings and make promises
with the intention of breaking them.
Abandoning the religious world is
a sensible action, for those engaged
in the soul-saving game do not de-
sire the exaItation of human nature.
The opportunity to be impish is
hmitless under the competitive sys-
TEN, hence defending the latter
proves the existence of demoniacal
temperament-Jupiter.
ON MERCER.-Readers and writ
ers of The Public Forum ought to
feel elated now that no less a person
age than Christ himself is a fellow
contributor l have often thought if
Christ were here in the flesh he
would patronize The Day Book.
Florida truly is a wonderful state.
That's where this former human be-
mo wont fO have his tT11n identity 70
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1916-11-30
HENDERSON
HURON

Sec T R Acres Tax
" } Winter &W H Will
sun sci -. -. II 161 63 100 &C 81
+ a Wadsworth nwI... l3 l6l 63 100 80 76
j d Milne nwA4......... u 161 SO 100 90 "A
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1916-11-30
Iona VILLAGE
LOAN

Sec T r Acres Tax
Harem Bartels So mel.
lots 1 and 2....... . 1862 So 1853 - II
Aug johnson swl. sels. 5 1872 IS 40 10 Il.
Aug johnson e4 nwA
md nwA neA ....... s 1872 rs 1870 81 g.
Osnabrock sw4 sea ID 1872 SO 40 z II
VIM L Enger ea neA. " 162 IS 80 u &c
First National Bank of
Osnab brock n Il Sc "a
nW44 neA........... % 1872 IS l2O 30 Il
John Peterson s12 sela. ~ 162 IS 81 rs g.
John Peterson VIZ nw4
seA nwA nwA swA.. % 162 50 100 43 y
John Peterson swl4 swl4 q 1872 IS 40 IL o.
Johanna kampen WI,
swA sw4 nw4 and
sel4 A............ 26 162 IS 1J9 10 81
Jos Perron seA se4.... 26 l6o IS 40 s.
Johannes Peterson neI
neA less church prop ~ 1872 IS IS IL II
Johannes Peterson sea
nel4 .................. q 1872 50 40 - *
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1916-11-30
DELINQUENT
ak Sale
1915 TAI

In compliance with the provisions
of Chapter "a of the Political Code
entitlei 4; Revenue and Taxation;
Revised Code of North
Dakota, 1913, and amendments
thereto, as contained in the Session
Laws of North Dakota. of 1913
and 1915, and by the directions of the
Board of County Commissioners of
Cavalier County.
Notice is hereby given that the
following described Real Estate in
Cavalier County North Dakota, on
which the taxes for 1915, are unpaid,
will be sold at Public Auction at the
office of the County Auditor, at the
Court House, in the City of Langdon,
N. D., on Tuesday, the 18th day of
December, 1916, beginning at the
hour of 10 O'Clock a. m.
Note: The following signs and
authorizations used in this list are to
be interpreted as follows. viz: The
letters S, N, w and E., as South,
North, West and East respectively;
NE OR or Me- as Northeast Quarter;
Sc OR or SCI as Southeast Quarter;
SW OR or SW4 as Southwest Quar-
ter; NV OR or NW4 as Northwest
Quarter; Sec as Section; TIP as Town.
ship; RG as range; PIT as part; Bal
as Balance; 1t as lot, FIT as feet;
ST as street; HF as half; ORR or
ORIG as Original; the word, of, is to
be understood where two or more of
the above characters are pointed to-
gether. The, do, or character are
to be understood as meaning and be-
ing the same name word, letter.
or character as the n oflthe line last
above such "do'' or " mark.
The name given for each descrip-
ton is that of the record owner. The
amount of taxes is printed in dollars
and cents in the right hand column
and includes the taxes, penalty due,
and costs OF advertising, all of which
is required by law.
Dated at Lang3on, North Dakota,
this 10th day Of November, A. D.,
1916.
(Seal) OLE ]. EIDE,
Couty Auditor.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1916-11-30
MT. CARMEL

ATn7t
Sec T K Acres Tax
John Meyer swll4 ...... 3 l63 GO 100 a. II
ii ID ALERT s4 nwl. and
lots ! and 2........... 8 163 60 159 Al 40
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1916-11-30
'ONEY McEUGH'S SECOND ADDITION
w. j. MOONEYADDIrlON
LINDEN

Sec T R Acres Tax
John Sullivan lot 1...... 1853 62 81 70
John Sullivan lot2...... 7 1853 81 81
john Harley ma swA ma
1863 G. 1O 80 OF
Jas Dickson nla seA ny
swA less ~. ........15 163 60 1856 43 40
Chas A Cogswell neA :. % 1853 62 100 SO O7
Sarah Kennedy VIZ NV
a, nh swA less r'y... % 1863 60 1876 A so
Adolph Oberg saA...... 81 1863 62 100 80 OF
Grace Wadsworth sa
swA lots 3 and 4...... 25 1864 G. 1853 SO II
Eta B Davis s12 sci.
and lots 1 and $780,. 20 1854 60 156 81 is
Sid Akland ne 10000. 81 1854 81 100 81 81
ga Wadsworth neA :. 35 1854 60 100 81 II
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1916-11-30
MONTROSE
MOSCOW

Sec I Il Acres Tax
Ed A Hill sI2 nw,4 and
lots 3 and 4....... l l61 G. l59 81 "a
Mileam nwl4........ = l6I 62 1879 a 80
v s Squires VIZ swl4 Sc
!. swA and swl4 se4 % 161 62 16O "A 81
j ! Fischer sw14 ...... 2t l6l 81 100 so 65
David Bartel VIZ uei4.
and sci. nel4.......... 81 l6l 81 l2O IS IL
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1916-11-30
FIRST ADDITION
HARVEY

Sec 7 R Acres Tax
Rasmus Larson part
sWa OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES. 3 1872 80 = 6.
Alden 5 Williamson 81.
nw14 and lots3 and 4. 4 1872 50 100 81 81
L f. and L II Radford
ELI nel4 ............. 1 1872 SO 20 IL 81
Joel h Williamson w.
neA 4 1862 SO 70 l6 81
Alden9 Williamson se1a ) 1852 SO 100 "A st
Thos Dunford ssA ...... 81 1872 SO 160 81 81
Tfos Dunford MS nwl4
via neA .............. 81 162 SO 1G0 3S .:
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1916-11-30
BURDICK'S ADDITION
NEKOMA

-, Sec T r Acres Tax
Johnston & Harlan ne4 20 l9 GO 100 Al az
Grace Wadsworth ea
nwl4 and lots 1 and 2. 80 1853 60 15S II &c
VIM and Geo Dobbie
81 159 60 100 81 2s
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1916-08-04

Senator Lippitt, in his vigorous speech o'
Thursday, attacking the Administration for
its vaciIlating and ineffective Mexican
policy, properly laid stress on the Pres-
dents failure to square his acts with his
professions.
Mr.. Wilson declaimed last year at Indian
apolis against interference IN Mexico.
He insisted that it was none Of our busi-
ness how she governed herself. But even
then, he had begun his policy of dictation
and interference and he has kept it up con.
sistently-or inconsistently-ever since.
He interfered with the Government Of
General Huerta, stable regime covering
two birds Of the republic.
He interlered with the de focto authority
at Vera Cruz and occupied the city for
several months
lie interfered by raising the embargo on
arms and ammunition, thus placing Villa
in position to oust the lIuerta govern
ment.
He interfered in conjunction with Ger
tain South American nations to compose
the troubles of the country.
He interfered by sending punitive ex-
pedition last spring far beyond the inter
national boundary.
The result of this three-year policy OF
meddling, as Mr.. Lippitt says, is that "our
patriotic young men are taken away from
their families and affairs to mark time in
the heat of the Mexican border, while he
waits watchfully to decide which way he
will jump next aud he calls all this 'serv
ing the Mexican people"
1t is pitiiul record.-Providcnct
Journal.
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1916-08-04
PARAGRAPHS.

Mr.. Hughes speech of accept
ance, which was delivered in New
York on Monday, has been well
received throughout the country.
If any criticism of it was to be
made, it would be that too much
space was given i'll showing the
errors and mistakes of the Wilson
administration, which has been so
obviously vacillating and made
quate i'll many ways. There is no
Question, however, h ow M r.
Hughes stands on various ques-
tions that are Of national import
ance. On these he is clear and to
the point. The speech, which IS
considered the opening OF the Re-
publican campaign, may be CON
sidered an augury of the fine inn
preston the candidate will make on
the people of the country in the
few months that prccede the cleo
ton.
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1916-08-04
When Is a Bath Not a ea.h7

Sometimes | lived with my grand
mother She always bathcd me herself
before she put me 10 bed. The 5dthtGb
was very long end deep. Grandmother
stood on tho step which ran beside II
with a biz toweI pinned about her
She held my neck tightly between her
thumb and second finger. scrubbmg
me with her other hand. slipped and
fell from one side 10 the other, splaTl
ing the water high over the edges. Sc
that when she finally lifted me 10 tn"
aOor tue towel and her dress were
dreurhcd.
There" she would say. that II
hardly better than IA spOnging off. You
won't sit sill While give you a real
bath"
used so 20 TO sleep wondering how
she would give NE a real bath.-Kath
crime Keith IN Atlantic.
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1916-08-04
ANCIENT WAR WEAPONS.
The Batteax, the Halberd and the
Armor Smashing Mace.

Armor Smashing mace.
Probably nobody ever enjoyed being
killed in battle. But there is certainly
n choice us to how the job could be
done. If you had to pass out, how
much nicer 1t would to have n high
class swordsman turn the trick! He'd
90 10 work SO courtcously and do such
Il neat, gcnteel Job that you couldn't
help feeling you had died In good so
cicty. But nothing of the sort about
being killed with an aX. This would
be one Of the most untidy ends man
could meet
The big hatchet, however and It's va
rlous descendants were long favorites
for taking people apart, and even ut the
time that everything which could cut
was made of flint 1t was in popular de-
mand.
Later on we find the real battlcaX the
favorite weapon Of the Cclts and the
Scandinavians.
The halbcrd was the next step (up or
down. as one looks at those things).
This was combination of aX and
spear; broad blade backed with a
hook and tipped with spear point, all
mounted on six foot haft. Humane
chap who got 1t up! 1t was invented to
give Il single man on foot n chance
against one on horseback. And 1t did
If YOU missed your jab you could still
take n healthy swing with the aX or
null him off his horse with the hook. A
whole regiment with spears might hold
off n cavalry charge, but In individual
contests the soldier with the halberd
stood the better chance.
The ax was especially favored by the
Swiss, and they did so nicely with 1t
that ii spread and became the principal
weapon of central Europe for nearly
2O0 years. One English variation. the
bill. had more of sickle shaped blade;
but, like the other. II was effective.
After one big blow you had case for
the coroner, not the ambulance.
Other cheerful products of those days
was the mace. This was club of iron
or steel, blossoming out at the business
end into projecting ridges OF metal
The operator grasped 1t with both
hands. gave ii whirl and then smash
cd his opponent. Armor was useless
It crushed right through.
Philip II. of France had royal
| bodyguard of scrgcants-at arms, who
carried maccs-rcal ones. King Rich
ard I. took up the idea, but afte'
awhile the good. stout old weapon lost
its punch. 50 To speak. II got To be
only symbol of authority, n pretty
ornament at fancy ceremonies. The
house of commons I'm London has one
| dating back TO I6i9 II has the roya
crown on top and is lugged arount
| from time To time to show the king i
| boss.
1t occasionally happens that n mem
ber OF our own congress gets obstrep
erous and won't behave when th'
speaker talks nicely to him. Then th'
latter gives the order. and the ser
geant-at-arms comes down the aisle
carrying the big silver mace. Thi
means that Uncle Sam has stood al
he plans TO stand and that the rov
must stop at once.-st Louis Post.Dis
patch.
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1916-08-04

1t seems that the late J. Picrpont
Morgan was not 50 wealthy, after
all. His estate, including bric-a-
brac, invcntoricd only $78,I4O,o24.
Quite fortune, but not i'll the
Rockefeller or Carnegie class.
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1916-08-04
LEGAL MOTTO ES
TOWN OF JoENST( ~
Administration Notice.

Johnston, Il, l., Jul, 2S, 1916
The undersigned hereby gives n tice that
he has been appointed by the Pro, jte Court
OF the Town of Johnston, admin, traitor OF
the estate of Sarah Nanuer late of said
John ston, deceased, and has given sond nc
cording To law.
All persons having claims again said es
tate are hereby notified To file the same I'm
the office of the clerk of said cor { within
six months from the date OF the Ill adver.
usement hereof
jly2sSt JOHN J. VA NER.
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1916-08-04

The rumor that Carranza will
resign should be taken with a
grain of salt. Mexican presidents
may die, but they very seldom
voluntarily quit office.
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1916-08-04
Administration Notice
Johnston, X. l.. Jr p 10
inly 1l.St

Johnston, x. l., Ju lI, 1915
The undersigned, eNecuiriN OF IN last will
and testament OF Paolo Cambio d OF the
Town of Johnston. deceased, whiC will has
been admitted to probate by tn Probate
Court of the Town OF John ton her by gives
notice that he has accepted said rust and
has given bonds according To law.
All persons having claims ag. nst said
estate are hereby notified To nle he same
I'm the Office of the clerk OF o. A court
within six months from the date the FIRST
advertisement hereof.
MADALENA L AMBIo.
Pettine 4 DePasquale, Attys.
76Dorrance ST., Providence, n.
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1916-08-04

While Italy has not as yet de
clared war on Germany, still there is
a decided coldness existing between
the people Of the two nations.
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1916-08-04

President Wilson had a compara-
lively easy time in his first election,
but his second run looks very, very
hard and uncertain.
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1916-08-04

The late James Whitcomb
Riley left an estate valued at
100000. 1t pays to be a real
poet, even in this very practical
age.
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1916-08-04

There is no doubt that Hughes
will be the popular candidate as
far as the women Of the country
are concerned. He is out and out
for equal suffrage.
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1916-08-04

Moth balls have SO gone up in
price that it is almost as well to
let the moths have your clothing
for their summer revelS.
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1916-08-04

The papers say that the wicked
railroads have violated the law.
When there are SO many laws, how
could they help it?
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1916-08-04

The peaceful war with Mexico
is still in progress. The only bat
tie that has recently transplred
along the border was bull fight.
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1916-08-04
Little Pitcher.

Maiden Aunt-So you're studying
physiology, Willie? We'll, tell me, to
what part of the animal kingdom do l
belong? Sweet Little Willie-Dunno.
Pa says you're an old hen and ma says
you're an old cat.-Baltimore Ameri.
can.
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1916-08-04
q Boost.

"Do you think you can get . ong on
my salary of fourteen a week.
"Why, certainly, dovey. AS a allow
ance now papa only gives me ten.'-
Louisville Conrler-Journal.
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1916-08-04
Protected by Grass.

Chinese railroad embankments are
protected from floods 10y planting them
with a native grass with tenacious
roots that resist erosion.
The Olneyville times. (Olneyville [Providence, R.I.]) 1887-1917, 1916-08-04
Malicious. 6.

Youngleigh-W Which is the better way
10 propose, orally or by letter? Cyni-
cus-By letter, certainly. There's a
chance that you might forget to mail
it.-EXchange