davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-03-26

For the Portuguese people the war
can have little TO arouse enthusiasm
beyond the sentimental significance of
fulfilling an obligation to powerful
protector in a period when obligations
Of this sort are lightly regarded both
10y powerful protectors and by weak
wards
Portugal proper. including the Azores
and the Madeiras. has an area of $500
square miles. The population is APP
proximately 100000. These 100000
people now carry debt of s94S.0oo,0oo.
on which the interest is about $4,000
600 annually. While everything else
relating TO the outcome of the great
war may be uncertain, it is certain that
Portugal will emerge from It, like
every other belligerent country, with
an augmented national debt. The nee
essary loans most likely will be pro-
vided by England, since there is little
opportunity for Portugal to float in
ternal loans for war purposes.
The national wealth of Portugal IS
estimated at $500, 100000. small
part of this is in the nature OF invest :
ments in foreign countries. but the
bulk is what might be called home
and colonial investment. Portugal.
however. has comparatively pretty
large income from outSl1e sources, eS-
pecially from her commerce with Bra
zil with which the CO: lection is al
most as close as W. that great
Sosth American COUNT was Portu-
guese colony.
The revenues Il the country in the
last wear for which the figures are
available amounted to about $4,000
900. and the expenditures were set
down approximately at the same sum.
From the colonies the revenues were
~ ba a he
same.
AS matter of bookkeeping, it may
be said that Portugal. in normal peace
times, has an income of Sl0o,000,000
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-03-26

07 0HEN the war broke out in
MAN. Europe. among the first of
W\Y the organized bodies of Brit
" !sh women TO realize that
women could be OF actual and imne-
date use 10 the nation was the Won
ems Social and Political Union, whose
leader is Mrs. Emmeline Pankhurst.
- is well known, this organization
Immediately upon the proclamation OF
war set aside It's own activities and in
,erests and gave its services 70 the
state in every direction in which IL
saw need Since then its work has be
come recognized as one Of the strong
est feminine supports upon which Brit
ain has had 20 rely.
Mrs. Paukhurzt paid recent visit TO
the United states. wholly in the inter-
est Of atd IN Serbia and only in pri-
waite interviews and ia answer TO di-
rect questions did she refer 10 the sit
4atlon in England. At the outbreak Of
war she was IN France. and the policy
which she subsequently, followed was
greatly Influenced by seeing the entire
French nation transformed ia TWO days
from land at peace ,oJo nation pre-
pared FOR wa. Upon her return 70
England she found The contrast pain
fIIly striking In France al soon as
the order for mobilization was pub
lIshed the whole country Was pat upon
:, war footing. the women automatically
taking the places Al home vacated by
the men.
In England there was 10 such pre-
parednesS evident Everything vas IN
confusion. the machinery OF transition
was more antiouated. the position more
porderous Mrs PaukhurSt Immediate
Is, realized that the women % England
formed = great rescry" force for ma
tIonal service. aud Immediately threw
herself into the work Of advocating
national service for men and women.
She worked increasingly to stimulate
patriotism. held recruiting meet{nss
urging men 10 enlist IS volunteers. and
meetings stimulating women TO pre-
pare TO meet the eXlRencies of war.
She was frequently invited TO recruit
inR rallies 10 present the cause to the
men and in one case least. the
MAYOR OF a town-that OF Hackney-
gathered together all the soldiers
wives and dependents and had her talk
10 them OF England's need for their
lotut services
All along she urging women to
take the place of the men. in banks. as
erS as car conductors. as chauneurs, as
special police, AS workers in sgrlcul-
tIre and in the munition factories, as
well as in other branches of industry.
she established agencies for further
ing this work. and today the streets OF
London are filled with women in uni
forms dong che on sHrA ol-o'e
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-03-26

What has applied to the women of
leisure doing the rough work of the
Inexperienced applies TO men AS we'll.
Thousands of young Englishmen who
never trained as soldiers are not wait
ing for commissions. but are applying
for place in the ranks. In many cases
training masters of recruits are Neter-
ans too old for the front. but will
qualified for various forms of service
at home.
This has brought about some queer
reyersals of condition. 1t is now quite
a common thing to see an old soldier
giving orders to a young man whose
social position formerly demanded that
his present superior touch his cap TO
him Now the saluting is done by the
former master. But they all see the
right of it. and take it good naturedly.
even enjoying the humor of the altered
relation. BY thousands the young men
of England have thrown up positions
AMI put aside their professions to join
the awkward squads. and they are tire
less at drill and at lectures. People of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-03-26
VISTA OF OPORTO.

men, and the Offices have an even
greater proportion of woman clerks
There was some prejudice in connec
ton with giving women positions in
munition factories, and Mrs. Pankhurst
Interviewed Mr.. Lloyd George, minister
OF munitions. who practically gave her
the promise that women should be en-
ployed. The agriculturists, too, said
that women could not pillow. prom-
ueut member Of the W. S. +. l., Mrs
DrUmmond (known as the ''General)
TO convince the doubling members of
parliament said to them: Come down,
and | Will SHOW you hundred of them
blowing" Now the British govern
ugent is asking for women TO volunteer
for agricultural service.
Mrs Pankhurst also used her infu-
ence during the labor strikes and other
economic difficulties which have pre-
vailed since the war. She was especial
Is successful In South Wales, where
the strikes all through the great min
ing sections made the situation crit
icaL She had remarkable reception
from the miners and did much TO re
store peace and order and to instll
patriotism
in Britain In the hands Of her repre-
seutatives. and has come to America to
do what she can in aid OF Serbia She
feels that the Integrity OF the Serbian
government IS Of vital Importance to
the permanent peace OF the world. and
that in doing what she can for Serbia
she is helping TO pay "A debt of graft
Jude that England and all others al
lied with her owe to Serbia for the
brave fight she has made.
In an interview which she granted
while in Washington, Mrs. Pankhurst
answered a number OF questions re-
garding some Of the conditions in Eng
land which have been Influenced by the
rights is rather fragile looking
woman In conversation she is low
voiced. fluent aud clear, with q way of
looking very steadily into the eyes or
her listener. her countenanCe reflect
ing At times the intense feeling she
has in d subject in which she is inter-
ested. Two very small hands are oc-
casionally brought into play in grace
fu1 emphasis of some statement.
Asked what the war was bringing to
England in an economic way, Mrs.
Pankhurst said:
II have long realized that we in Eng
land have needed better organization
of both men and women for national
service. and the war has brought this
need very forcibly before the nation.
II has taught us that we have a mass
of valuable material which could be OF
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-03-26
VIEW OF LISBON. PORTUGAL'S CAPITAL.

the Portuguese am bassador to Eng
land and the Protector on the morn
ing of July 10. 1854. On the same after
noon the brother of the ambassador
was beheaded on Tower Hill for COM
plicity in killing an Englishman.
Don Pantaleon Sa, the brother of the
amba ssador, who was member of his
official household, along with two
young Portuguese who We're knights of
Malta, had engaged in a street brawl
at the New Exchange some months
previously and an Englishman was
killed in the brawl. Don Pantaleon
Sa was arrested, escaped from prison
and was rearrested and tried for muir
der. II was claimed on his behalf that
as one of the suite of foreign am
ba ssador he was privileged from ar
rest and trial by an English jury.
This was the view of the abstract
question of international law that was
deduced from Grotius, but other CONT
mental jurists took a different view, as
did the English courts. Anyhow, Don
Pantaleon Sa was convicted, and on
that July afternoon was conveyed in
mourning coach with six horses to
his execution. His servant who had
taken part in the brawl was executed
the same day at Tyburn.
international law authorities in dis
cussinE the nice questions involved
in this case did not have occasion to
comment on the treaty of commerce.
There was no reason why they should
comment on it. for treaties of com
merce have no direct bearing on the priv
leges and immunities of foreign am
bassadors and their households But
uncharitable historians who have not
placed Cromwell on as high a pedestal
as other historians do not overlook
the coincidence. and their implication
has been that the Portuguese ambas-
sador signed the treaty in the hope, If
not with the promise, that his brother
life would be spared 10y Cromwell.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-03-26

This treaty Of 1854 was not far
reaching commercial convention. The
real binding trade tie between England
and Portugal was the celebrated Meth
uen treaty. half century later. Its
basis was reciprocity in the sense that
England got low but not discriminat-
ing duties in the Portuguese market
for the wooden goods of which she had
a substantial monopoly Of production,
while Portugal secured advantages for
her wines in the British market.
II is significant Of Germany's keen
commercial competition during the last
quarter of century that she has had
a commercial arrangement which gave
her some decided advantages in Portu-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-03-26

enormous value to the country if it
were trained.
There are. as you know, large
number of young people Just out OF
school, with no technical training OF
anv kind. They are allowed to drl1t'
the leisure class TO do nothing; the
middle class to employ themselves
somewhat aimlessly, and the young
people of the poorer class to pass their
time upon the streets, the boys to be
come the slackers and the girls, turn
ed loose at a most impressionabie ana
dangerous period exposed TO all the
dangers that street life holds
What method of preparation FOR ma
tionaI service would you then advo-
Cate2'
For all, rich and poor alike. | ad-
vocate compulsory training IN some
form of national service. which, IN
time like this in time OF peace,
could be turned to immediate account
At our national service meetings we
advocate state compulsory training Tor
everybody-a system under which the
yourl. persons of both sexes should re
cejye training in some useful trade or
profession adapted to national use
This training should be compulsory
and should apply to an classes. ,,,
II believe that if the state would
take up organizations like the Boy ana
Girl Scouts and give them a thoroueh
training for real national service our
streets would not be CROWDED WIN
form of evil and danger to which they
may become the prey. and the country
would have mass of trained material
10 call upon in case of need. If these
Young people got this training, when
would he valuable in time OF peace
as well as in time of war. II would go
very far toward ma king the intelligent
democracy we must have II we are GO
ing to make democracy a success.
Il would teach young people that
they owe their trained service to their
country. In pleading for recruits for the
war we frequently hear the young
people say, What has the country done
for me that ! should give my service to
the country What we are now try
ing to impress upon them is that they
are the nation, and the nation is &C
tually their nation.
"One cause of industrial disturbances
and disputes is that people are not
trained to realize that the national
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-03-26

The revolution which a few years
ago displaced the monarchy was one
of those surprises which are not IN
usual in Latin countries. 1t was al
most bloodless. The world woke up
one morning and found that the repub-
licans had ousted the monarchy and
had chosen a president who was ultra
in his republicanism. The new repub
lie of Portugal was the work of what
were known as the intellectuals. They
were idealists. and the commonwealth
which they undertook to set up was
very idealistic. Maintaining it. how
ever. and thwarting the conspiracies
of the royalists to restore the mon
srchv has developed practical strain
of craftsmanship.
Besides the ousted monarchy there is
also a pretender as against that mon
srchy. His wife is an American heir
one of the uncertain problems about
PortugaIs entering into the war is
whether the sentiment in favor of the
government will be consolidated and
strengthened so that even the royalists
will array themselves on its side. or
whether there will be further intrieues
to restore the monarchy. AS the case
now stands, the interest of the allies
that of the central powers is in under
mining il with view to restoring
royalty. This is one of the dangers that
will confront the new coalition cabinet,
or war ministry. 1t will have to keep
internal peace while maintaining a war
front.
The convenience of the allies would
have been greater could Portugal have
continued nominally neutral. She was
rendering them greater service. both
from her geographical situation and
from her ability to interfere with many
of Germanys operations. Months ago,
however. there We're collisions between
the Portuguese and the Germans in
South Africa, and it was evident that
the sphere of hostilities would extend TO
Portugal proper.
BY informing the German ships that
were in her harbors Portugal obtained
an initial advantage. for the allies, but
this will hardly offset the disadvan-
tages of open bellgerency. since the
declaration of war by Germany changes
the status.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-03-26
gnificance of Portugal as Belligerent Nation

with an outgo of about the same
amount.
Most people still think of Portugal
Is a monarchy. but it has been re-
public for several years. Royalist con-
SpiracieS have been frequent, and the
most fervent republicans in Portugal
have not vet considered the founds ton
firmly laid.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-03-26

Equal England Tells fthe Work the Social and Political Union
Industrial Cent The Military Activities
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-03-26

Portugal in Africa is a good neigh Dor.
and it may be that If Germany comes
out of the war with her colonies lost
for good the allies will he ready 10
give Portugal slice of them in reap
portioning the conquered territory.
Portugars Asiatic colonies are widely
scattered They comprise about 5000
square miles. and the population is APP
proXimately 1.o06.000.
Goa and the other Portuguese posses
sions in India will remain undisturbed.
The real prize of the war will be the
possession of Macao. the corner of the
Chinese mainland which Portugal has
held since the first discovery and oc-
cupation
Macao. as a sleepy port with few
Portuguese officials collecting revenue
from the Chinese gaming places. is n"
menace to Hongkong. England can
we'll afford to encourage Portugal IN
the continued possession of Macao, but
should Germany be able to wrest the
port from Portugal. Hongkong. in
less than decade. would have a
formidable rival Japan also would he
interested in keeping Germany out OF
Macao.
There is more than a prospect tina
Portugals entry into the war will have
an influence outside her own territory.
The effect Spain is the first thing
to consider. Mistaken assumptions
have been made that there is a racial
identity on the Iberian peninsula
which would cause Spain to sympathize
with Portugal Instead. there is more
of racial antagonism. While no posi-
tive statements can now he made
TO the ultimate action of Spain, ii may
he assumed that Portugals alignment
with the allies VIII strengthen the
pro-German party in Spain.
Across the Atlantic Portusals action
also will be felt. Brazil is not likely
to remain Indifferent to its subtle in
fluence. The ties between Portugal
and Brazil are still very close. Brazil
it has been noted. in common with
most of the Latin American countries,
sympathizes with the allies The large
Portuguese element there is now apt
to be more aggressive in asserting its
SvmpathieS, and in making Brazil
more definitely anti-German.
Here. too. however, one of the far
reaching possibilities of the war may
be found. With northern and central
Brazil strongly anti-German. and with
the Portuguese element in Brazil be-
coming more ag5ressively so, the in
f1uence on the Germans i'll south Brazil
must also be taken into account. There
are nothing like 100000 German
speaking inhabitants in southern Bra
I'll, is often loosely asserted. At
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-03-26

England. however, did not ask Por-
tugal to intern the German ships, and
thus enter the war. until it was evil
dent that the attitude of friendly neu-
trality could no longer be maintained
That Portugal has been true to her
treaty and other obi cations in enter
ing the war on Englands side, is ap-
parent from brief glance at the his
tory of the two countries. There was
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-03-26
BY CHARLES M. PEPPER.

@ORTUGAL as a belligerent may
III not be formidable factor in
the world war, vet there is sig
q nificance in this section of the
Iherian peninsula getting drawn into
the maelstrom. Portugal has world
wide connections. Few people realize
that it is still one of the great colonial
powers.
In the remaking of the map after the
war there is not apt to he any change
IN European Portugal. unless Germany
should be most decisive victor. In
that event Portugal might lose some of
her island possessions, which are an
integral part of the country, and would
ne pretty certain to lose some of her
vast colonial possessions in Africa. In
the event of decisive triumph of the
allies she ght be given a slice of
t;ermanys African possessions. And
in the case of an international compro-
mise Portuguese territory might still
be affected by the readjustment
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-03-26

o7 0HES the war broke out in
MAN. Europe, among the first of
Y\V the organized bodies of Brit
" " Ssh women TO realize that
The Columbus courier. [volume] (Columbus, Luna County, N.M.) 1911-1920, 1916-12-22

Charles Heath is the last to announce himself as a candidate
for the office of Justice of the Peace in this precinct, Mr.. Heath
is the oldest resident of the Sunnyside district, having resided in
this part of the valley for eight years. Mr.. Heath is Just as much
a part of the Lower Mimbres as is the town of Columbus, and his
name is always associated with the growth and development of the
Lower Valley. When he established his residence in what is now
school district No. 9, there was not a family residing in the entire
district. When the country began to be filled up with settlers, Mr..
Heath and A. p. Hansen went TO work to get a school established at
the place now known as Sunnyside. There were no funds available
and Mr.. Heath guaranteed the payment of all bills, and worked on
the building himself until the lob was completed. When the time
came to open the school there was no heating arrangement, and
Mr.. Heath himself bought a good stove and installed it. He had
no children of his own present, and his interests in the matter
were simply for the community. He served as a director for sew
eral years and also helped to establish the school at Waterloo in
the same school district.
Shortly after New Mexico was admitted to statehood and the
law governing road matters came into effect Mr.. Heath was APP
pointed by Governor Mcdonald as a member of the road board Of
has always stood for the best interests of the Lower Alimbres.
Up until the time the present board was appointed he has always
had an up hill business of it, the other members of the board not
being in harmony with his views. He has fought for Columbus
until the last. and is responsible for what little work that has been
done on the Columbus Deming road.
Mr.. Heath is a middle aged man, and a gentleman held in high
esteem by all He came to New Mexico from New York City
where he held positions of trust and responsibility that have given
him a wide experience in life, and there can be no QUESTION in regard
to his qualifications for the office he seeks. He is a member of
long standing in the Masonic order, and when matters have come
up that the disposition of same would have something to do with
the growth and development of the valley, he has always been
found on the right side, and ever ready to assist in any way
the greater portion of his time improving same. 1t might be said
that his public services rendered heretofore have all been gratis,
and, nevertheless, he has always attended 10 business as long and
as often as was necessary. If the majority of the people decide
to cast their ballot in his favor, the office will be safe in his hands,
and the people will have a fair and Just administration.
The Columbus courier. [volume] (Columbus, Luna County, N.M.) 1911-1920, 1916-12-22

The Deming Headlight in the last issue, which, however. was
the Christmas edition when everything is supposed 90 be Peace
on earth, etc devoted considerable space to the article given them
by a contractor cruCZing the Luna County Road Board, or 30 be
more exact. two members of the board, Charles Heath and Fred
sherman. 1t would indicate that Mr., Baker, am important mem
Der of the board, was not present at all. The basis for the com
plant is that a certain contract had been awarded }. p. Sherman.
a brother of Fred Sherman. The Headlight tries to leave the i'm
preston that j. p. Sherman received the contract simply because
ne happened TO be a brother of a member of the board. Does it
seem reasonable that a man Of Mr. Fred Sherman's standing i'm
the county would stoop low enough to give his brother a little con
tract like that at a higher figure than the other bids. even if he
had the power to do so? The other two members of the board
could have awarded the contract to the other fellow without Mr..
Sherman's consent if they had desired to do so. j. +. Sherman is
a large taxpayer in this county and had lust the same right 10 bid
on a Job as Mr.. Samuels, or anyone else, and the fact that the bid
Of Samuels was not in in time eliminated him. and he had no kick
coming, as the board had reserved in their advertisement for bids
the right to reject any and all bids, and the only possible
thing the board can be Justly criticized for in this matter is their
failure to state the hour the bids would be opened. or that bids
would be received until a certain hour. The county now has a road
board that is doing their best to show some results and are spcpd-
ing their time and money in the interests of the county without
hopes of reimbursement, which should be enough without bur.
dening them with unjust criticism, and if the Headlight will de-
vote its space in the future to the matter Of trying to induce the
people to cooperate with the board instead of fighting it the county
will obtain much better results. OF course we do not ask for such
cooperation when they begin to spend the county funds for the
building of their own private roads.