davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1916-06-17
Will Send Refugee Ships to
Coasts and Will MObi-
lize More Guards.
STAND ON PLATFORM
Lansing Confers With Sir
Spring-Rice on MeNi-
can Situation.
XxIAsHlNGToN. June l6.-Presl-

w ASHINGTON. June 16.-Presi'
w dent Wilson today virtually
completed his reply to the Carranza
note while its substance was being
written into the Democratic platform
at st. Louis.
The reply itself may not be dis
patched for several days. but admn.~
istration officials indicated that Cen
cral CarranZa had only to read tn,
party's Mexican plank to learn in ad-
vance what the American note would
say.
The plank framed in large meas
ure by the president himself, is taken
as confirmation that renewed border
raids and the anti-American demon
strations in Mexico have not altered.
Wilson'S determination that interven-
ton will come only If II Is forced by
the acts Of General Carranza or
through his failure to exercise contro,
oNr his army or people. The plat
form declaration that Intervention is
reVolting to American minds is known
to be the presidents fixed view, but
the plain intimation that II would nor
be shirked as u last resort may also.
officials think, serve as "A warning to
the Mexican note.
still Anxious.
Administration officials still feel
great anxiety as to what the result
may he when the note is delivered.
For this reason they are taking proper
precautionary measures, including
preparations for sending refugee ships
to both Mexican coasts ana for mObi-
liZation of a part or all OF the ma
tional guard orders were sent to ths
inspector-gene Of the various mill
tia districts some time ago instructlns
them to see that all was in readiness
for the prompt mastering in Of the
state soldiers should the need ARISE.
No new Instructions have been sent.
Must Learn of Rand.
The note. the body of which was
put into final form at a conference
today between President Wilson ano
Secretary Lansing will not be sent,
CONTINUED On PAGE Two
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1916-06-17
still Anxious.
Must Learn of Rand.

The note the body of which was
put into final form at a conference
today between President Wilson ann
Secretary Lansing, will not be sent.
CONTINUED On PAGE TWO
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1916-06-17
PROSPERITY TALK

Figure, which could be- used 90
letters back home are those hung
up IN the past six days BY bank
Cleariugs and building permits They
are prosperity thermometers
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1916-06-17
THE WEATHER.

For Tulsa: Maximum. 81; mini
mum. 65. Southwest winds and clear.
OKLAHOMA: Friday and Sa,ur-
day, generally fair.
The Gem worker and the Idaho labor herald. (Boise, Idaho) 1914-1917, 1916-03-30
THE NEXT JOB

The club women and other citizens
who have created this public service
ought not to quit at the present june
ture. They ought to make their in
fuence felt on the school trustees, so
that the good which has been devel-
oped may be kept.
The board OF education needs to be
educated The members will only de-
stroy, or suffer to be destroyed, what
they do not understand. A little CON
slant pressure will be enlightening to
the recognizing members"
The effort to save this bureau would
be an act of genuine patriotism. For
only when governmental bodies be-
come as efficient and as honestly use
ful as private organizations can de-
mocracy flourish. Thus the conflict
goes to the roots of our common life.
The Gem worker and the Idaho labor herald. (Boise, Idaho) 1914-1917, 1916-03-30
"PuRLIc" SERVICE

This business of getting children
from school toward the kind of work
for which they seem fitted appeared
to be public job. Likewise it was
an expensive undertaking. So the
women went to Mr.. Young and to the
board of education and asked that it
be made a part of the school system.
Mrs. Young gave the request her
support and finally this winter the
board actually voted to take over the
work. Now the club women who made
the beginning and who worked out an
excellent public service are confronted
by an embarrassing situation They
fear that the board OF education has
added only the jobs and the name.
The real service, they say, may be
lost.
Actually the women face the famil-
lar conflict between efficiency and al
legged democracy. What private citi-
zens did we'll from feeling of civic
duty-patriotism-public servants ap-
parently will do poorly At least that
is the way the women see the situa-
ton. 1t is disillusioning but not en-
tirely an unprecedented experience.
The Gem worker and the Idaho labor herald. (Boise, Idaho) 1914-1917, 1916-03-30
Is a Most Dangerous Phase

limitations upon our capacity to help
Cur fellows. No one can transmit to
another his knowledge or the results
of his experiences. The act of learn
ing is necessarily personal--it is
bound up with the loneness of each
human life. By acquiring knowledge
and wisdom, by mental and moral de-
velopment, come progress and growth
Paternalism and the benevolent eff
forts to relieve individuals of respon-
sibility of working out their own lives,
avert some of the distress, but they
prepare the way for greater disasters
in the future by weakening the mental
and moral fibre of the people There
is much OF pathos in the enevitable
conclusion-but you cannot do all
things for all people. You can advise,
counsel, but the decision must rest
with the persons concerned. You
(COntnpsd to Page TwO)
The Gem worker and the Idaho labor herald. (Boise, Idaho) 1914-1917, 1916-03-30
THE EIGHT HOUR DAY
Benefits Derived From Shorter Hours Now
Universally COnceded by ALI

A campaign is i'll progress through
out the entire nation in behalf OF an
eight-hour day, not that organized
labor has ever for moment let up i'll
its fight for the shorter workday, but
simply that it is just at present putting
forth renewed energy and additional
effort to bring about this much de-
sired result.
In this day and age it should not
necessitate any argument to convince
any one of not merely the importance,
but of the justice and necessity of es-
tablishing the eight-hour day as uni
versal condition in the industrial
world.
1t has ever been the slogan of the
American trade union movement, and
as result of the constant agitation
of that movement the eight-hour day
has been established in many trades
and industries.
The beneficient effects of the short
er workday are attested to by not
merely workingmen and women, but
social workers, students of political
economy and sociology, investigators
in the field of industry generally and
even employers. Not to multiply in
stances, we have only to refer to the
report of the Federal Industrial Re-
lations Commission for a high en-
dorsement of the eight-hour day. This
body, composed of representatives of
all classes, after an investigation ex-
tending over period of many months
gives its unqualified endorsement Of
the shorter workday. Members of the
commission differed among themsel-
YES on other points, but on this ques-
tion all agreed. The majority report
has this to say:
THE physical well-bAing, mental
development and recreational needs of
every class of population demand that
under normal circumstances the work
ing day should not exceed eight
hours"
But as definite and unqualified as
The Gem worker and the Idaho labor herald. (Boise, Idaho) 1914-1917, 1916-03-30
JOBS FOR CHILDREN
Work Begun by Women Of Chicago Taken
Over by That City

obtaining work.
Jobs were found for another third
of the children. The remainder SHIFT
ed for themselves i'll one way or ali
other. Furthermore, the work did
not stop with one visit or with one
JOB. The young women employed toll
lowed up the children and, if one job
was unsatisfactory, offered assistance
in securing another.
In that way out of the personal ex-
perience of thousands OF children a
unique body OF information was OBJ
tanned. The bureau workers knew
what industries were promising for
child workers and which presented
no promise OF advance and develop
ment Raymond Booth, young
man employed by the Association Of
Commerce, did similar work.
The facts and the methods OF work
which the club women developed act
ing through Miss Davis put Chicago
en- the map SO far as vocational guild
ance is concerned. Minneapolis and
Peoria, it is stated, are now planning
to adopt the Chicago system. But
at the very moment it is being ac-
claimed abroad il is under attack at
home.
The Gem worker and the Idaho labor herald. (Boise, Idaho) 1914-1917, 1916-03-30
URGE DIRECT LEGISLATION
By Marcus Day

There has not been a movement
political and economic which has so
commanded the support of organized
labor generally as that which has had
for its purposes the institution of
direct legislation to county and state
government. Now that the state fed
GRAFTON OF labor has been formed,
bringing into closer cooperation all
heretofore independent units, il would
be well, in the opinion OF the writer,
If organized labor, thru official action
by the new State Federation, declared
positively for the adoption of this
i uch needed reform at the next ses-
sion OF our state legislature and that
il also take steps to lend its aid to
those tried and true supporters of the
M erert now occupying legislative
sition as well as throwing its power
toward preventing direct legislations
enemies from again misrepresenting
the public wishes in this regard. If
the proposition was a new and untried
experiment, if the people had not al
rca,iy gwen il approval by expression
NJ the polls, then there would be some
excuse. perhaps, is postponing the
time OF its adoption until there had
been more exhaustive evidence of its
merits. But the initiative, referendum
and recall is not wild and woody ex-
pertinent but proven measure of act
ual benefit. 1t can give proof in the
tax receipt. the physical and moral inn
rrovement of school facilities. in bet
ter roads, in better public buildings
and above all other benefits it shows
freedom from former rule by privileg-
ed interests who controlled the vote
of ambitious legislators who betrayed
or disregarded the public demands.
Without the initiative, referendum
and recall the people cannot demand,
they can only supplicate. 1t is only
natural that those who desire to re-
present the people should assume sup
erior knowledge over the people-they
can no longer openly insult the voters
without being swept from public
place OF vantage. 1t is necessary for
them to arouse hope that the legis-
lators knows better than the people
what is best for the people But the
enemy of direct legislation is COM
PEELED to use the power of vehement
assertion rather than actual proof
The observing citizen sees the fail
ure of the legislative method of SER
vice in results that no theoretical
The Gem worker and the Idaho labor herald. (Boise, Idaho) 1914-1917, 1916-03-30

One Of the most dangerous phases
of present day affairs is the group of
otherwise disengaged philanthropists
who wish to do things for the poor,
and the developing profession OF spec
tally trained salaried individuals who
are anxious to establish ways and
means by which they may solve the
industrial and social problems OF the
workers. The burdens that the work
ers have borne, the injustice and the
many abuses that have been
shunted upon them, ought to arouse
sympathy and concern. But SYM
pathy and concern must be tempered
by a degree of wisdom and directed
by knowledge of a principle funda-
mental for democracy and individual
freedom.
The principle involved is the realiza-
ton Of one Of the difficult, important
and heart-breaking facts of life-the
The Gem worker and the Idaho labor herald. (Boise, Idaho) 1914-1917, 1916-03-30
DESTRUCTIVE "REORGANIZA-
TTnN0

Chicago has ha ther episodes OF
this nature. The efficiency depart
ment Of the city civil service had a
national reputation until the present
administration came into power One
of Mayor Thompson's first acts was
to destroy this branch OF government,
which had brought credit to the city.
In that destruction the mayor imagin-
ed he was boosting Chicago
The board of education is much too
suave to tear down in the crude man
ner of his honor. but the result may
not be very different The bureau Of
vocational guidance has been put un-
der the direction of District Super
intendent William NJ. Roberts. Miss
Davis, who has been its director since
the inception of the work, cannot be
continued in control because she is a
woman Women executives, even
though they be persons Of national
repute, are not now popular at the
board
Mr.. Roberts has announced that he
will reorganize" the work. Thus
everything is put in jeopardy.
The Gem worker and the Idaho labor herald. (Boise, Idaho) 1914-1917, 1916-03-30

is this endorsement it is not more so
than that of the minority on the COM
mission. Note, for in stance, what S.
lhurston Ballard, one of the repres-
entatives of big bus siness" on the
commission, has to say:
Personal experiences for a number
of years convinces n e that in con-
tinuous occupation, wprkmen will do
more and better on an eight-hour
basis than on twelve
1t will be seen, therefore, that labor
IN asking tor a universal eight-hour
day has not merely the advantage OF
right and justice on its side, but au-
thority as we'll
AS to the actual benefits to be de-
rived from a shorter vorkday we do
not have to go far for illustrations
Every trade that has ever adopted it
stands out in indisputable evidence
OF such benefits. The first American
trade union, for example, to secure a
universal eight-hour day was the CT
garmakers' international Union. This
occurred in 1896. Two years later, or
in 1888, the average life of the cigar
maker was 81 years. In 1911, or 23
years later, the average life of the
cigarmaker had increased to so years,
An extension of nineteen years in the
life of the members oE this trade in
twenty-three years is certainly some
thing, worth fighting for And there
is hardly any question that similar re-
suits would follow i'll many other lines
of industry
The trade unionist knows and feels,
therefore, that in this great fight for
"a shorter workday he is fighting not
merely for the bettermdnt of his own
condition in life, but thR at he is fight
ing for the benefit of the human race
itself. He therefore eels that every
man and every woman At all interest
ed in social betterment should come
to his aid and put forth their best to
aid this movement for shorter work
day for the workmen and women of
the nation.
The Gem worker and the Idaho labor herald. (Boise, Idaho) 1914-1917, 1916-03-30
(By Otto NIcFeely

Wives and children, deserted and
left destitute by the husband and
father, are rapidly becoming one of
the greatest problems in this country,
according to Judge Henry Neil faith
er Of the Mothers Pension System
for abolishing. child poverty. Judge
Neil will appeal to congress and to
the legislative bodies of this and all
other states to consider the deserted
mother and her children.
When the husband and father de-
serts he leaves behind child poverty
which in the opinion of Judge Neil is
the greatest blot on modern civiliza-
ton He has obtained Mothers PEN
sions for widows in twenty-six states,
but deserted women and their chill
dren are still left in poverty.
MANY well meaning citizens" he
said in discussing the deserted fami-
lies, fear that the pension system
will encourage desertions. My ex-
perience in hundreds of poverty
stricken families, in courts, jails and
asylums of all kinds, has convinced
me that such is not the case The
men who desert will not be kept at
home by the fear that their wives
and children will suffer Many char
ity experts and others say that the
deserted mother and children should
be left in poverty, their punishment
being used to reform the bad father.
They ask US to withhold the pen
sion from the woman until the man is
reformed and made to do his duty.
$50 often has this bad father been
used against mothers pensions that ]
have devoted considerable tbne to
study of the problem. Out of hun
dreds of cases ] have formulated a
classification of the causes of deser-
tions, which given in the order o.
their Importance as follows;
Low wages (making family home
impossible).
Unemployment (creating from th'
hard working man discouraged loaf
The Gem worker and the Idaho labor herald. (Boise, Idaho) 1914-1917, 1916-03-30
Railroads Present Their Case

The purpose OF any railroad is to
build up; never to tear down.
The existence OF a railroad depends
upon its ability to build up; it must
build up.
A railroad company can harbor no
animosities nor grudges; it is not ten
able that it could work to the detri-
ment of one section or community for
the advantage and benefit of another
section or community because it de
pends upon every section and COM
munity for support
A railroad must serve all sections,
communities and cities according to
their Importance and location. temp
ering such service with equal justice
to all
A railroad must be so organized
and operated. and should be permit
red to be so organized and operated
that its earnings are sufficient to pay
all operating expenses, all betterments
and all improvements, in order to keep
mn to a high standard of progress and
efficiency; after that, its stockholders
and owners are entitled to a profit on
heir investments.
In merchandising, no limit IS placed
on possible profits.
In railroading, circumstances are
such that profits are limited and re-
strained; there can be no fabulous so
per cent or 100 per cent earnings
competition is too keen,
The building of many railroads, ana
the development OF interurban cleo
tr;c lines and automobile travel are
90 Great that no steam railroad can
sxnect TO monopolize business.
Il takes the cooperation and wealth.
of great many individuals to build
ro;,roads The holders who have
bu;lt and owned railroads have oeeh
satisfied with comparatively low IN
tarest returns because OF the stability
Of their investment and the security
afforded.
Bank deposits usually return per
cent; most railroad investments yielo
less.
OF average gross railroad earnings
in the United States As per cent IS
The Gem worker and the Idaho labor herald. (Boise, Idaho) 1914-1917, 1916-03-30

apology can explain away.
There is not multi-millionaire
monopolist who has accumulated an
unearned pile of dirty dollars who
does not raise up his hands in horror
at the idea Of giving the people more
power in the making of laws, there is
not a newspaper which speaks for this
class who does not lend its printed
pages to help in preventing the truth
concerning its application, there is
not pensioned college professor Of
an endowed university who does not
raise his pharisaical voice to throw
dust in the eyes of the multitude who
have yet not sufficient self-respect to
demand it.
The enemies of direct legislation be-
long, to that class of people who fear
and dispise the growing enlightment
of the mass and secretly, where not
openly, encourage movements for a
press censorship which will check the
spread of economic truth The man
who has stolen from society never
wishes society to gain power in pre-
venting further thefts--the victims of
these thefts need the weapon of di-
rect vote measures as a club to chase
the gentle robber from the legisla-
tive halls. He will quit when his
prospective servant in the legislature
has no power to give vote or an
influence against needful legislation
and the full initiative, referendum and
recall will make extremely harmless
any legislature to do the public an
injury.
But the measure of value is a genu-
inc affair-not the husks of power and
there must be no restrictions in the
way of freedom to act. Here will be
difficulty, if there is not wisdom
used in bringing about its adoption.
The ablest enemy of the measure will
not openly oppose-he will pretend
to support the idea but will advocate
extreme conservatism of action in
the laws application and his proposed
amendments of compromise will be
restrictions which disable or distort
the idea of direct rule into useless
and impotent thing altogether. The
people must have complete power to
act through the initiative and referen-
dunn. free from legal barbed-wire
which clogs the path of the public in
its attempt to create law by popular
vote.
The Gem worker and the Idaho labor herald. (Boise, Idaho) 1914-1917, 1916-03-30

(Wm. L. Chenery in Chicago Herald)
Can the public give as good service
as private individuals To that famil-
lar question Chicago is just about to
make a new answer, What happens
will be of considerable importance.
For upon the ability of political bodies
to render good service depends the
growth of democracy in the United
States.
The members of some thirty-four
women's clubs undertook to help the
school children of Chicago FIVE or six
years ago. The women discovered
that as many as $1,000 to 10000 chill
dren between IA and 10 were neither
at work nor in school They learned
also that hundreds and thousands of
boys and girls were making false
starts in life. They were getting jobs
in blind alley" occupations. They
were leaving school too soon. They
were frittering away the important
years when they should be preparing
for the business OF self-support
The women organized and support
ed burden of vocational guidance.
This did many things. The advisers
persuaded children, tired of school
to make a second try. They induced
parents, doubtful of the practible ad-
vantages of education, to send their
children to the high schools They
found the right sort OF jobs for others.
All the while they collected an inn
mense amount of information about
the industrial and commercial oppor-
tunities open to school children.
The Gem worker and the Idaho labor herald. (Boise, Idaho) 1914-1917, 1916-03-30
Why Men Leave Their Families

Ct }.
Bad housing dwelling so small
that the man can find no room for his
leisure hours and he is forced to go
out except when eating or sleeping).
Whiskey Casually resorted to as a
result of the preceding causes).
Arrest and Imprisonment OF low
paid wage workers on charges of fail
ure to support their families.
Interference of charity visitors in
the affairs of low paid workman.
Feeling. of disgrace because he has
to accept charity.
Prison and military or naval ex-
perience which taught habits unfit
ting man for home life.
Conduct of the wife.
In the opinion of Judge Neil low
wages are the fundamental cause, all
other causes given above coming di-
rectly out of insufficient income, or
are aggravated by this poverty work.
Among we'll paid craftsmen, the de-
sertions are few. Desertions increase
as the wages go down.
eff wage workers had income suf-
icient to provide decent house and
other necessities" says Judge Neil
there would be few desertions. But
low wages forces the family into little
rat-trap habitations.
at is unnatural for men to leave
their own offspring and when large
number of men are committing this
unnatural act we must conclude that
there is some strong compulsion
have found this compuision and as
long as low wages continue we will
have desertions and ali the courts and
jails in the world will not reform
this situation.
"The use of the Mothers Pension
system in twenty-six states has hat
wonderful results. court officials re
porting a hundred per cent efficiency
in reducing juvenile crime and deiin
quency with reduction in taxpayers
J burdens"
The Gem worker and the Idaho labor herald. (Boise, Idaho) 1914-1917, 1916-03-30
"a PRIVATE" RECORD

Last year some 1000 children were
assisted by the private vocational ad-
visers working under Miss Anna s.
Davis. Whenever children asked for
working certificates the teachers sent
them to the bureau. Between 25 and
80 per cent of these youngsters were
persuaded to go back to school They
were told of practical courses at the
high schools which would be useful in
The Gem worker and the Idaho labor herald. (Boise, Idaho) 1914-1917, 1916-03-30

The printing trade is being hard
pressed by the European war as col
ored papers and inks ar becoming
scarce, due to the impossibiIity of OBJ
tanning dyes from Germd dny. But if
the American people find the war
working hardships, how much more
must Germany miss the importations
usually obtained fro mthik country.