davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1916-02-24
To MAKE SUMMER .
SCHOOL ALLURING
Prominent Educators Have Been
Engaged as instructors.
STRONG PROGRAM ARRANGED
Or. Allen 3. West of Swarthmore to
Instruct in History-New Jersey
to Be Heard-Farm Course
Feature.

Madison-'More than GAG courses
and 100 instructors will make the pro-
gram Of the 1916 summer session at the
University of Wisconsin the strong
est we have had A number of the
best instructors from the regular fac
ulty and several eminent teachers
from outside have been engaged, and
standard work including the courses
which have proved most popular and
best adapted to the needs Of teachers
and graduate students is being
planned for"
In these words Prof S. H. Good
night, director Of the University Of
Wisconsin summer session, describes
the preliminary program which he is
preparing for this years summer term.
DR.. Edwin G. BrOome, superintend-
ent of schools in East Orange, n. j.,
is among the instructors who have
been engaged from outside the uni
versity. He will take the place Of
Prof. E. c. Elliott, who resigned to be-
come chancellor of the University of
Montana, and will give two courses
on school administration and supervi-
sion. His work as an administrator
Of New York and New Jersey schools
is well known, and his lectures are
especially helpful for teachers and
school executives.
In history two new instructors, DR..
Allen B. West of Swarthmore, who
will teach ancient history, and Prof.
Laurence M. Larson Of the University
of Illinois, who will teach English his
tory, have been engaged. Prof. Harry
Kendall Bassett, formerly of the Uni
versity Of Wisconsin and now of the
University of California, will return to
give several courses in festival work
and pageantry. Prof. D. O. McGovney,
dean of the law school, University Of
Missouri, will offer courses in munich
pal corporations and persons and
wills. Harry L. Jones, director of man
ual training in the high school at
Brookline, Mass, will give a course in
architectural drafting, and Prof. Jo-
seph S. Gaylord, specialist in the psy-
chology of public speaking of the
Winona Normal school, has been en-
gagged to lecture in the department of
public speaking.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1916-02-24
SWAMP ROOT FOR
KIDNEY DISEASES

There is only one medicine that really
stands out pre-eminent as remedy for
diseases Of the kidneys, liver and bladder.
DR.. Kilmer's Swamp Root stands the
highest for the reason that it has proven
to be just the remedy needed in thousands
upon thousands of even the most distress
ing cases. SwampRoot, a physicians pre-
scription for special diseases, makes friends
quickly because its mild and immediate eff
feet is soon realized in most cases. It is
a gentle, healing vegetable compound.
Start treatment at once. Sold at all drug
stores in bottles of two sizes-ffty cents
and one dollar.
However, if you wish first to test this
great preparation send ten cents to DR..
Kilmer & Co., Binghamton, N. Y, for a
sample bottle. When writing be sure and
mention this paper.-Adv.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1916-02-24
NEWS OF THE STATE

Grand Rapids.-A new and modern
structure. costing $4,000, will be
built to take the place of the pres.
ent Riverview hospital on the same
site as the present one. Work will
start Immediately. The following OF.
ticers were elected by the hospital as
ISOLATION: President, George w. Mead,
vice-presidant. Mrs |. P Witter; treas
urer, Mrs. c. E. Boles; secretary, Mra
i. N. Hill; di- ctors. Otto r. Roenius,
L. NJ. Alexander and Mrs. l.. e. Null
len.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1916-02-24
January Fire Loss Decreases.

Fire losse. in Wisconsin dur
ing the month of January, 1915,
were $83,585 less than those of Deem
Der, 1915, according TO returns made
to the state fire marshal department.
Twentyeight less fires were reported
for January, the number in January
being 256 and in December 284. The
total fire loss in January was S451, O65.
This is an increase of $138,77O over
the fire losses of January, 1915, which
totaled $312,295.
The principal fires during the month
just closed were: January II, Henry
Esch, store, Manitowoc, loss $4,000;
January s, high school, Amigo, $69,-
900; January IA, Reynolds Preserving
company, Sturgeon Bay, $4,000; Janu-
airy 10, Hall Glove company, Beloit,
S34,000; January %. round house at
Stanley, $4,000; January 25, J. w.
Mason, store, Chippewa Falls, $4,000.
Defective chimneys caused 45 fires,
stoves too near wood, %; adjoining
building fires, 10; and defective fur
naces, IA. Twenty-one fires were of
unknown origin and ten were charged
to incendiary and suspicious causes.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1916-02-24

Minneapolis reports a record sale
Of flour for the last three months-a
total Of 6,4O0,O0O barrels shipped,
more than a million barrels ahead Of
any other similar period. Figured out,
this means production Of more than
two barrels every second Of a working
day
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1916-02-24
LONG Journey TO Safety,

Three thousand refugees from the
devastated provinces of western Rus
sia arrived in Irkutsk, the capital of
Siberia, recently. Some of them had
been u weeks journeying hither and
thither.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1916-02-24
Unable to Reach Bottom.

A miner lowered into subterraneaT
cavern opened by a miners blast a.
Volcano, New, some time ago. was I'm
able to discover the ends of the fis
sure. Stones dropped through thG
opening could be heard bounding from
wall to wall, but there was no sound
indicating that they reached the bot
tom.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1916-02-24
Ice Breaker Carries PASSENGERS.

The ice-breaking ferryboat, Prince
Edward Island, plying on the Straits
of Northumberland. Canada, has pala-
tial accommodations for passengers.
1t is the first boat of the kind to be
SO equipped.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1916-02-24
Railroad Ticket Many Years Old.

Railroad Ticket Many Years Old.
A twenty-nine-year-old ticket be-
tween Kansas City and Galiatin, Mo-,
which was used recently, had lain in
the Leavenworth prison safe in the
interim while the owner served a
twenty-nine-year term subsequent to
his arrest on the train just before the
conductor came through
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1916-02-24
e 10omjal1n' j
2robLem
How to Feel Well During Middle
Life Told by Three Women Who
Learned from Experience.

The Change Of Life is most critical period Of
womans existence and neglect Of health at this time invites
disease and pain. Women everywhere should remember
SO successfully carry women through this trying period as
Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound made from
native roots and herbs. Read these letters:-
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1916-02-24
SION the Pnin.

The hurt of burn or a cut stops when
Coles Carbolisalve is applied 1t heals
quickly without scars. 25c and soc by alb
druggists. For free sample write Tba
J. w. Cole Co., Rockford Ill.-Adv.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1916-02-24
Good TO Them.

rs your new servant good to the
chiIdren?"
Yes, indeed. She never tells me
any Of the bad things they do while
l am away"
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1916-02-24
Endless.

Paw, what's the longest period of
timer"
From one pay day to the next" =
Buffalo Express.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1916-02-24
New interpretations.

New interpretations.
Articles of incorporation were filed
in the office of the secretary of state
as follows:
The Conway company, Milwaukee,
to make and sell doors; capital. $780,
William F. Crosby and George D. Gohl.
The Prairie du Chen Brewing COM
pany, Prairie du Chen; capital. $780,
600; incoTporators, George L. Schwarz.
Mary E. Schwarz and William NJ. Gar
rity
The Hippodrome Catering company,
Milwaukee; notice of dissolution.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1916-02-24
Differentiation.

Have you good cook?"
ooh, the cooks good enough, but
the cooking is atrocious."
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1916-02-24

Use Murine after Exposure In Cold,
Cutting Winds and Dust. It Restores,
Refreshes and Prom otes Eye Health.
Good for all Eyes that Need Care.
Murine Eye Remedy Co, Chicago,
Sends Eye Book on request.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1916-02-24

Philadelphia, Pal started the Change of Life
five years ago. / always had headache and back
ache wit bearing down pains and I would have
nervous feelings After taking Lydia E. Pinkham's
Vegetable Compound feel like a new person and
am in better health and no more troubled with
the aches and pains had before took your Won
derful remedy. / recommend it to my friends for
cannot praise it enough" Mrs MARGARET GRASS
MAN, 759 n. Ringgold ST., Philadelphia, Pa.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1916-02-24

Marriage is both an illusion and a
disillusion.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1916-02-24

Vegetable Compound, Tor nervousness and dyspep
have always spoken of it to other women who sui
have had them try it and they also have received
good results from it."-Mrs. GEORGE A. DUNBAR,
II Roundy ST., Beverly, Mass
Erie, Pa.-"I was in poor health when the
Change Of Life started with me and I took Lydia
j.. Pmkham's Vegetable Compound, I think
should not have got over it as easy as did. Even
now it [ do not feel good take the Compound
and it restores me in short time. / will praise
your remedies to every woman for il may help
them as it has me."-Mrs. E. KISSING, 931 East
oath ST., Erie, Pa.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1916-02-24

No other medicine successful in relieving wOmanS
suffering has Lydia E. Pnkhams Vegetable Compound
Women receive helpful advice writing the Lydia
Medicine letters received
answered in strict confidence
Carrizozo outlook. [volume] (Carrizozo, N.M.) 1910-1945, 1916-03-17
0sCUR0

Jay Arnett made a business trip
to the county seat Saturday.
Mrs Maud Blaney and Miss Mary
Monroe attended the teachers meet
ing ut Captain Friday and Saturday q.
Lorenz Olsen has the contract
for painting r. l. Blaney's house
and has applied the printing coat
Tom Keehn is making some inn.
provemenis to his already efficient
pumping plant Nothing short Of
the best satisfies Mr. Keehn.
Our genial post master Bob
Burns has installed a fine new clock
in the post office Bob believes in
b ing strickly on time.
II. +. Jones accompanied by DR.
and Mrs Guido Ranniger took "A
trip to FL paso by the automobile
route the last Of the week, returning
Sunday They report good roads
and a pleasant trip
Mrs Maud Blaney resumed her
school duties last week after an alb
sence Of two months which she
spent in Chicago taking medical
tie atment Mrs Helen Castle had
charge Of her school work during
her absence.
Attorney Seth Crews has five
acres Of ground prepared for plant
ing fruit trees, but owing to u mis-.
take in The order made 10y the agents
from who he ordered the trees, he
is delayed in his planting. We hope
the matter will be adjusted soon so
that Mr. Crews may not be further
delayed.
At the residence Of the brides
parents, Mr. aud Mrs. A j. Perrett,
occurred the marriage Of their old.
gst daughter Miss Gertrude. and
G h kichelt, Sunday at 2:l5 p. m
The ceremony was performed by
he BRIDES grandfather, Rev. Lath.
ain Of Alamogordo, in the presence
If the near relatives and "A few
chosen friends The bridal couple
left for III Paso at 1915 p m where
hey will spend their honeymoon
The bride is one of our most popu-
lar and eslimable young ladies and
the groom is n promising young
railroad man They have the heart
iest good wishes for their future
happiness Of a host Of friends.
Carrizozo outlook. [volume] (Carrizozo, N.M.) 1910-1945, 1916-03-17
CARD OF THANKS

The pupils Of the CarlizoZo HIGH
school wish Ia express their thanks
and appreciation to the people Of
Carrizoao who, Mt the request Of
the Commercial Club, donated the
use Of theii automobiles on last
saturday evening for the purpose
If carrying the High School Glee
Clubs to Captain aud return We
feel that, ms individuals, we were
both entertained aud benefited by
the trip, and further we feel that
IL was u great favor to the school ms
~ unit We wish 20 humhlv com
mend them for heir public spirited
ness and loyal support ol lbe school
assuring them that will in the lu-
turc do an incur power 20 he worthy
of this aud other such Aceomoda
tons
Clara Brazel
Bessie White
George McGee
Cpmmittpp
Carrizozo outlook. [volume] (Carrizozo, N.M.) 1910-1945, 1916-03-17
LOCAL AND PERSONAL

Nv Jill AhAND = bhNb VANAhA
f: The Captain school has been
closed on account OF measles.
Miles May was over from Nogal
Thursday attending the state land
sale
MIS- WIN Mclean and children
leit Wednesday for un extended
visit to III Paso
For Sale - Thoroughbred Plym.
oulh Rock eggs, 81 90 for IS En-
quire Austin Patty.
Undershetin John b Baird made
a business trip to Alto the first Of
Tive week
Auto rates to White Oaks any
tne during the day, 81 80 each way
w. Y, Wallace. phone 1913
hlr. aud Mrs. W. l. Gumm have
been visiting the schools Of the
county this week in company with
Hon ldladelfo Baea
will preach ut Oscuro March
26ih NJ three O'Clock in the after.
mon in the school house. Every
body plan to come e. d. Lewis
W. have just received a large
and beautiful line of Rugs This
III pmrnl is The largest we have
ever attempted to handle At one
time All are Of n superior quality
although "A lew moderate priced
ones and included in the shipment.
We cordially invite your early
i1spectiua Of lhese home beautlfers
Kelley q Son
Mrs A O Hearne has taken over
the management Of the Grandview
Hotel. formerly in charge OF IT, r
ipqpc', and will continue ~ aocomo
dare the travelling ard boarding
uuLlic 10 the best vt her abil
~ She is an experienced hotel
rroprieirpss aud understands the
justices accordingly. CarrizOzo Is
- good hotel towL and it was not
to- want oi business that caused the
change Of hands, ~ The Grandview
il we'll located aud Of easy access
10 people at home and from abroad
Rev c.. =. Moore Sunday school
field Secretary of the Los Angeles
and New Mexico Conferences nf the
Methodist Episcopal Church. South
viii he here next Thursday. March
23,h, to conduct mn Institute and
Conference at he Methodist Church.
Al teachers Offices and Sunday
school workers are urged TO he pre-.
ssnt Remember the time and
place and he present ut s o'clock
Thursday evening.
Kelley q Son have this week re
teived their line Of general hard.
ware which they have been expect
ing for the past several weeks
Their fixtures, which are the Warren
system of Shelving, arrived some.
time ago and have been installed
They ARE now ready to take care
cf the nublic's wants in the hard
ware line
Carrizozo outlook. [volume] (Carrizozo, N.M.) 1910-1945, 1916-03-17
Clara Brazel
Bessie Nhite
George McGee
Committee
BAPTIST CHURCH

tNEN ] n, UNNDNTN Fh8ioTl
The pastor will preach at Fort
stanton Sunday IN place Of Captain
on account OF measles He will
awe "A Lecture on the Philippines
At Glencoe, Friday, Fort Stanton
Saturday, and Lincoln Monday
lie did not 60 to Angus and Alto
,s he expected on account of the
measles there
There will be Sunday school at
10 n. m Is Y. p U. at $50 p. m.
aud Prayer meeting on Wednesday
"a. 1880 p. m.
Carrizozo outlook. [volume] (Carrizozo, N.M.) 1910-1945, 1916-03-17

For good Willow Springs coal
phone y
For Sale SO head fat Angora
Goat muttons S42 % or SO 80 per
head. John Pramher, located Z
miles north of Carri2ozo.
A Melton of Roswell has spent
ssverol days 10 Carrizozo this week
coming over to be present at the
state land sale that was held al the
court house Thursday morning
Carrizozo outlook. [volume] (Carrizozo, N.M.) 1910-1945, 1916-03-17
METHODIST CHURCH


Sunday school at 0:45. Every
body welcome and invited to ut
tend Sunday school. Preaching at
IT,. Subject Of the discourse. "The
Kingdom in the Cradle, or The Un-
broken Relation" Junior Church
~ 3 O'Clock intermediate division
at 4 League at Z Preachig again
at s. Subject, True Happiness aud
How to Obtain it, Prayer meet
ing Wednesday night at s. Topic
"Work, Watch, and Pray You
come to oil these services.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1916-12-14

The Century has long been a ,nonu-
ment TO buried hopes. Just when some
@cntcrprising philanthropist would take
water somebody would hit him IN the
head with an oar
But just now 1t looks like the Cen
tul:y was in for a run. Dillingham; and
4zicgfcld have III And they have been
#the real managerial successes OF the
last few years.
H Frank Tinney is the real live wire
LOT the production. His part OF the. per
f0rnance consists in joshlng the or
chestra leader, Max Honman-cele-
brated as the husband OF Gertrude
Hoffman. Going out OF the lobby some
one tugged at my ovcrcoat i turned
around and il was Courtney Ryley
Cooper. the magazine writer. he
wanted To know !: il was 4 good show.
Some people have no sense of apprecia-
lion Of the finer things of life He had
slept through the entire show.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1916-12-14

irene ar, the sparkling efferyescencn
! ~ Il =NIlllage vine and the majestic
osiitity q some fairy created being Va
& & WoFld apart from ours. Miss
me featured principal of the 81. 00O am
~ spectacle, appeals to the sne,.t3fo,.
OF gorgeous production.
offering under the wealth III
scenic splendor unroeled before nm
ana enchanted until his senses. stagger
.benumbcr by the Kaleidoscope ami
.c1iofluI# changes, from the Dante-likc
OH III -Ailnlon-lnsntred, epic that az
slihy ~ lts texture as the spiders
Mep, Spells 2 plot and legend that Eo
down IN the annals of imaginatiye
creation as the ultimate in all photo
drantatized narratives
III this epoch making spectacle.
lhat peEgars words Miss Ia.
surpassed IN nretentiols and ambition
destroying hopes the ac!naic in ar
tisttc fantasy and realistic iilmfngs Of
the world Of make believe.
Adams read on. his mouth aEape and
his hair bristling, to the end. Then
underneath he made notation and
sent IL to the printer. The notation
read "WithHall of which one has 10
agree excent that part about beggar-
ing words.
Boots is the only name BY which he
is known to his acquaintance. He is
"a little swartlly Italian who shines
hoes i'm a Broadway Mushroom. The
other day Boots disappeared. a. search
was made for him. He was found at
Columbia University taking a special
course.
He came from near Rome ten years
TO. lie has saved 900. He has Il
thirst for knowledge and this thirst is
going. to be qucnched for two years.
Then he says he is coming back to his
bootblack stand.
~ am happy there. he. said ~ have
made money and been able to save
money. | just want 10 know about
things and going TO school is the wap
10 learn. want TO know about the
stars, the flowers and the beautiful
things OF nature, It's II far cry from
hoe shining to star gazing but Boot;
is philosopher OF an entirely new
school.
il Went 10 the Century theater the
other evening with a party Of friends.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1916-12-14
FAMILY AVOIDS
SERIOUS SICKNESS
By Being Constantly Supplied Will
Thedfords Black-Draught.

McE-ff, Val suffered for sever11
years. says Mrs. j. B. Whitaker, al
this place, with sick headache, and
stomach trouble.
Ten years ago friens told me to TRY
Thedtord's Black Draught, which Ibid,
and | founditto be The best faulty medi-
cine Tor young and old.
keep Black Draught Oh hand all mo
time now, and when my children fec a
little bad, they ask me for a dose, and Il
does them more good than any medicine
they ever tried.
We never have a long spell OF sick
ness IN our family. since we commenced
using Black l9raught.'
Thedtord's Black Draught is purely
vegetable. and has been found to regli-
late weak ston'achs, aid digestion, re-
lieve indigestion. colo. wind, nausea.
headache. sick stomach, and Similar
symptoms.
II has been IN constant use for morB
fhan 90 years. and has benefited mora
than million people.
Your druggist sells and recommends
Slack-D Taueht. Price only 25c. Geta
'ea'-kage io-d LAY n. e 10
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1916-12-14

NEW YORK, Dec. lift Franklin u.
adams was alone in the Coming Tow
er-fhe department. he conducts in the
Tribune. TO the west Mr. Woolworth's
tower stood ghostliIye against the even
ing sky The shrill cry of the newsics
shouting theiIsF Five star editions, fresh
from the press, greeted his cars. But
not a thought came 10 move his facile
pen And then copy hoy tipfocd in
and placed something on his desk EIc
opened it. II was from Mr.. F7ox's press
agent and it read:
With the cracking crispness of the
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1916-12-14

HOS%S<N@@SES1@
Anyone WHO tries this pleasant tast-
ing homemade cough syrup, will
quickly understand why it is used in
more homes in the United STATES and
Canada than any other cough remedy.
The way it takes hold of an obstinate
cough. giving Immediate relief, WI make
fore. 1t is a truly dependable cough,
remedy that should be kept handy in
every home, to use Mt the first sim Of a
cough during the night or day time
Any druggist can supply you with
21a ounces of Pinex $50 cents worthy
Pour this into a pint bottle and fill the
bottle with plain granulated sugar
syrup. The total cost is about 81 cents
and you have q full pint OF the most
The quick, lasting relief You get from
this excellent cough syrup will really
surprise YOU. It promptly heals tlE
1nt1amed membranes that line the throat
and air passages, stops the annoying
throat tickle, loosens the phlcgm, and
soon your cough stops entirely. Splcn-
did for bronchitis. Group, Whooping
cough and bronchial asthma.
Pinex is a highly concentrated COM
pound OF Norway pine extract, combined
with runiacOl and is famous the world
over for its healing effect on the mem
brancs.
To avoid disappointment ask for COZ s
and don't accept anvth: IL else a guar
promptly refunded goes with this prep-
4ration. The Pinex CO.. Ft. Wayne,
Ind.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1916-12-14
STATE TRADE
BOARD HEARS
REPORTS READ
at the Annual Meeting Of the.
Board Whichis Being Held
in Huntington.
IL AsseeIArrp rreeq

HUNTINGTON. Dec. Reports
from committees on promotion Of the
states agricultural and mineral re-
#4sOurces and on state and civic bet
terment were heard by delegates at
tending the twelfth annual meeting
of the West Virginia board Of trade
which was held here today.
The delegates We're welcomed by
Mayor Sehon and representatives Of
the Huntington chamber of com
merce. Charles Cameron Lewis, Jr..
of Charles responded. President C..
r. Snow Of Huntington, delivered
the annual address Of the president.
a report was made by Secretary
Henry II. Archer of Parkersburg, on
the activities OF the state board dur
Ting the year.
Committees that reported and their
chairmen We're: Agricultural, Dean
John Lee Coulter Of the state Agri-
cultural College, Morgantown: de-
yelopment and protection of the
states resources, former Governor
William a.. MacCorlEle; good roads.
Charles " Osonton. Fayetteville;I
labor and immigration. John w. Daw-
son, CharIeston; public health and
sanitation Dr. G. A. Wingerter.
Wheeling; minerals and mining, n.
TAYLOR ViRson. Huntington; legisIa-
tive, G. e. Wallace, Huntington;
manufacturers. Price NJ Whitaker.
Wheeling, and taxation and insur-
ance. w q. Mcconau ghey, Parkers-
burg
/ n 49, ! u,
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1916-12-14

German tests have shown a search
ty Of god cattle fodder does not de-
crease the fat content, but only the
quantity Of milk produced.