davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-10-25
STRAWBERRY MULCH
OF GREAT BENEFIT
One of Most advantageous Prac-
tees in Care of Plants
Good Berries Result,

Undoubtedly much of the vigor and
freshness of strawberry patches which
are so protected that the ground does
not freeze any time during the dor
mant season, is due to the slight bac-
terial action which goes on in I'M
frozen ground in winter, which changes
a lot of unavoidable plant food into
available form.
Regardless of the season of the year,
all ground which has a heavy covering
on it is apparently richer than that
which is left bare. When we have
snow which remains well through the
winter the ground is in much better
shape than in other years and if
the following season is a normal one
the crops usually do better. Because
of this fact snow has often been called
the poor mans manure.
Although strawberry mulching is
not practiced extensively, it is one
of the most beneficial practices in the
care of strawberries. 1t does as much
as any practice toward the growing of
good Strawberries and a heavy mulch
of any kind gives best results.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-10-25

chased before the first spraying begins
to give at least one application, if not
two, after the bloom falls.
Some orchardists, usually influenced
by the agents of spraying materials,
give spraying in late winter while
the trees are still entirely dormant,
even though they do not have in the
orchard San Jose scale or any other in
sect or disease that is best sprayed
for at that time The theory is that
this dormant spraying is a sort of a
cleanup spray to kill spores OF in
SectS that are lodged on the trees.
However, such a spraying cannot pos
Slbly replace any OF the summer
SprayingS after the leaves have come
out, and while it may be profitable, it
is certainly much less profitable than
the summer SprayingS. Until the or
chard is in a good paying condition
and we'll kept in every other way,
such as pruning, cultivation, etc, as
well as summer spraying, this winter
spraying where San Jose scale is not
present can hardly be recommended
as G good plan.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-10-25
EARLY APPLES ARE
FOR LOCAL MARKETS
Cannot Be Stored to Advantage
for Any Length of Time
Danger of OverpIanting.

Early apples cannot be stored to
advantage for any length of time, and
for that reason they must be used
up shortly after arriving on the mar
ket. They cannot be placed in cold
storage during the winter, as they are
not as good as the later fruit and they
cannot be shipped without considerable
risk. For this reason the early apple
is distinctly a product for the local
market and the ACCESSIBILITY of plant
ing more early apples in any section
will depend entirely on the market con-
ditions which the grower should de-
termine for himself.
There is no doubt a danger of over
planting of early apples, and in some
sections an orchard Of early apples
would not be profitable. However, in
many districts near fair-Sized cities
people are found to like the first aD-
pies on the market and the grower who
can raise good early apples is surer
of a profit than the grower who raises
the later varieties which will receive
much competition from other apple
growing sections.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-10-25

(F'rom the Missouri Agricultural Expert
ment Station)
In determining the profits from
spraying, the cost OF the equipment
must also be considered. In an or
chard which bears regularly, the seri-
BUSINESS of the first cost of spraying
equipment will not be SO great, but #
the orchard is in a section where crop
failures are common, the purchase of
an expensive equipment might prove
an item of heavy expense. The grower
must decide for himself whether it
will pay him in a section where he has
a considerable risk, to purchase an ex-
pensive but efficient spraying outfit or
to purchase a cheaper somewhat less
efficient spraying outfit. With the lat
fer, labor cost will be greater, but the
Investment is less. In many cases it
might pay the orchardist to lay in a
supply of spraying materials only large
enough to do him until all danger of
frost is past. Of course this would not
be advisable in sections where it would
take considerable length of time to
secure spraying materials. Certainly a
large enough supply should be pur-
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-10-25

remove the boards and pound in a
mortar with two tableSpOOnfuls of
SOftened bread crumbs, soaked in wa
ter and squeezed dry mix three yolks
of eggs, two tablespOOnfuls of butter,
a gill of oyster liquor and an equal
quantity of whipped cream. Season
with salt and cayenne; add a little
lemon juice and the whites of two
eggs. well whipped. Stir this mixture
lightly and turn into q buttered mold
cover with paper, well buttered and
steam 80 minutes. When ready to
serve, turn the sOuffle out on a hot
dish and place some oyster sauce
around it,
SpindIed Oysters.-Take two dozen
large oysters and the same number of
slices of bacon, cut very thin. Have
a half dozen steel SkeWerS, small ones,
and spear an oyster and piece of ba-
con, alternating them. Place the ba-
con through the corner and do not
crowd. Lay the skewers across Il bak-
ing pan and cook in a quick oven or
under gas five minutes. Lay each skew
er with it's contents on a slice Of nicely
Drowned toast; pour the gravy over
and serve at once.
Virginia oyster Soup.-Wash a quart
of oysters, saving the liquor. Strain
and add two blades of mace, one stalk
Of celery, chopped fire, one teaspoon
full of salt, and pod of red pepper.
Scald, add two tablespoOnfuls of but
ter, rubbed smooth with one table
spoonful of flour; add a pint Of milk
and pint of cream. Allow to come
to a boil; add the oysters and the mo-
ment they are plump and the edges
curl remove from the fire. Serve from
a tureen with inch squares Of toast.
Apricot juice makes a delicate
sauce for desserts, like souffles or GUS
tards.
Plums or fruit with a tough skin
should not be given to children unless
peeled Fruits with many seeds often
cause serious trouble.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-10-25
Lonq-T ERIN Prisoner Freed.

Edward Eckhardt, for SO years a
convict in the state penitentiary at
Waupun, has been pardoned by Gov
ernor Phillip. Eckhardt has been on
parole for the past year or two, and the
action of the governor gives him his
full freedom.
Eckhardt was sentenced to life i'm
priSOnment for killing his partner.
Charles Peterson, in a hobo camp
near Jefferson Junction. The story
of this crime dates back to the dia-
mond mines of South Africa. Peter
son one night robbed Eckhardt of his
diamonds and. disappeared. Eckhardt
came to America and took up the life
of tramp. One night in a camp near
jefferson another tramp drifted into
the glow of the camp fire. 1t was Pc
terson. During the night Eckhardt shot
him, for revenge. Another tramp. in
tending to rob the body of Peterson.
went back and found him alive. He
killed Peterson with a Ratchet. Eek
hardt was caught and sentenced.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-10-25
Transporting Pupils Cost $4,000.

The state of Wisconsin last year paid
out $10,2 to give country school chill
dren free rides to school, Vouchers
totaling this amount have been sent
out by the department of education to
many of the school districts through
out the state.
The law in this regard provides that
the state will pay five cents daily for
the transportation of school children
who have to go more than two miles to
school. 1t also provides that where
the attendance in a school district is
under n number sufficient to make the
school a profitable institution, the state
will pay $3.50 per annum to have these
children transported to another dis
trict, and will pay five cents daily for
this ride to and from school, if the
child attends school for 100 days dur
ing the term.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-10-25

until winter the health Of many may
be endangered and that others who
find themselves out OF work wilt have
difficult task to find employment.
'If released and demObilized, the en-
tire Wisconsin brigade can at need and
on call Of the president of the United
States be again assembled and concen-
now quartered, within six days after
the receipt of the call" the missive
reads.
These Wisconsin men in arms are
primarily citizens quite all dependent
for livelihood upon civil employment.
The avocatiOns of many are such as
render exposure to out of door wealth
er absolutely necessary. The season
is fast approaching when employment
is at a minimum and the severity of a
Wisconsin winter will tell severely up
on men whose power to resist has been
weakened by an extended stay in q hot
climate.
These representations are not made
to secure the present release Of Wis
consin troops in federal service if the
need of the United States is so urgent
as to demand their continuous serv-
fce."
The governor also wrote that COM
petent- Judges consider the Badger sol
diers fairly, fit for service anywhere
and expressed the fear that the winter
season in Texas would limit the scope
and possibility of further training eX-
cept under conditions of excessive and
unnecessary exposure
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-10-25
Early Badger History Shown.

An historical relief map of Wiscon-
sin showing all places of historical
Importance has recently been pre-
pared by the State Historical society
and is now on exhibition at the State
Historical museum. This is the first
attempt to make an historical map of
the state
Marked on the map are the Indian
villages, fur trading posts, discover
ers and travellers, missions, forts. in
dustrial beginnings, capitals mining
settlements, county seats, and other
cities with the dates of their settle
ment. The railroads prior to 1860,
the military road from Fort Howard
TO Fort WinnebagO, and the old trail
from Chicago to Green Bay are
shown. The boundaries of the terri
tory of all the Indian tribes with the
dates of the cessiOn of that territory
to the state are also given.
The data for the map was COM
piled by w. o. Hotchkiss and F. T.
ThwaiteS of the Wisconsin state geo.
logical survey. The map is about four
feet square.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-10-25
BARN FIRE Loss
HIGH LAST MONTH
Majority of the BIazes Were
Caused by Lightning.
TOTAL DAMAGE Is S117,965
State MarshaPs Figures Show Aqgre-
gate Losses in September Were
Less Than Half Those Of
Previous Month.

Madison.-Great damage to barns in
Wisconsin was wrought by lightning
during the month OF September, ac-
cording TO reports received by State
Fire Marshal NJ. j. CIeary. a total OF
20 barn losses were reported for the
month, with losses aggregating $117,-
90. Not all of these were destroyed
by lightning, but 50 losses occurred
from this cause.
Ordinarily danger from lightning is
considered rather remote after the
three summer months are past, but the
heat prevailing during the early half
Of the month this year led to many
losses. 1t is also interesting to note
that Of these % losses reported only
one occurred on property that was
rodded.
A total Of 24O fires were reported.
This is less than One-half the losses
reported for August, when the total
reached the unusually high figure of
5000, 100. September losses in 1915
were $357 $50.
During the month just passed there
were 20 fires from threshing engines,
entailing a loss Of $27,615, and 20
match fires, with loss of $3.50. Fires
of unknown origin were 81 in number
and the losses $141, 345.
CLASSIFIED by occupancy the chief
losses were 80 barns, "A dwelling
houses and IL factories. The chief
losses by counties were: Milwaukee,
$G7 ,4O5: Washburn, $4,000; Lafayette,
SO, $50; Waukesha, $23,455; Sank.
S2O.625.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-10-25
MILLIONS IN BOTTLE CAP.
Jewish PeddIer Staked Savings on
Baltimore Mans invention, and
Made Much Money

How many persons, hOuseholders or
others, who have had occasion to re-
move the little tin caps from catsup or
other bottleS-beer bottles, for that
matter-ever give a thought to the
little wrinkled edge affair that keeps
the contents from the air and holds
it in it's original form? It's a good
guess that not one in a thousand. It's
an unpretending little affair, but 1t has
a most interesting history, so far az
results count.
1t was upward of a quarter of cen
fury ago that q man named Taintor OF
Baltimore bethOught himself of the
zap and succeeded in bringing it to
successful demonstration. He was
poor man, and it was uphill work try
ing to interest moneyed men in his In
vention. A travelling Jew peddler Of
jewelry and "nicKnacks," by the name
of Friedenwaldt, became interested,
took his years of savings, amounting to
some $1,000, from the bank, and in
vested in the invention.
Years went by and the peddler lived
to see factories all over the world re-
sulting from his investment. Coco
judges assert that more than so mill
lion dollars was divided among those
interested in the simple little device.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-10-25
Students Cost S135 Each.

Wisconsin gave $1,160,471.53 to her
state university for the instruction of
5,l31 regular students and 2,7S4 sum-
mer-sesSiOn students, and for research
work at Madison last year, according
to a summary of the business mana
gers report read to the board of re-
gents by President c.. r. Van Hise.
The figures were presented in an
swer to the statement that the state
spends $3,000,000 a year, or about $500
per student. Although it is difficult to
separate research and instruction costs,
it is evident that the cost to the state
per student did not exceed $135, he
said.
The miscOnception is due, he pointed
out, to the change to the budget sys-
TEN adopted by the 1911 legislature,
whereby many funds, derived from
other sources than the state treasury,
are paid into the treasury by the uni
versity and reappropriated. Such ire
yOlving accounts" include athletic ex-
penditures, various extension expenses,
dormitorieS and other costs.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-10-25
Crop Report for Wisconsin.

The summary of the October crop re-
port for the state of Wisconsin, as COM
piled by the bureau of crop estimates,
United States department of agricul-
ture, is as follows:
Corn.-October 1 forecast, 100000
bushels; production last year (final es-
timate), 4O,925, 900 bushels.
All MISUNDERSTANDING estimate,
100000 bushels; production last year
(final estimate), 1862 900 bushels.
Oats.-Preliminary estimate, 81, 1OO,-
900 bushels production last year (inal
estimate), 99,975,000 bushels.
Observation-Disclosures estimate, 90,
100000; production last year (tinal es-
timate), 23,2SS,0O0 bushels.
Tobacco.-October forecast, $780,
900 pounds; production last year Cinal
estimate) 36,900000 pounds.
Potatoes.-October 1 forecast, H.
100000 bushels; production last year
(final estimate), 25,926,000 bushels.
Hay-Preliminary estimate, 4,379,-
600 tons production last year (final es-
timate), 4,50S000 tons.
AppleS.-OctOber l forecast, 7S4,OOO
barrels; production last year (final es-
timate), lab, 900 barrels.
Prices.-The first price given below
is the average on October l this year,
and the second the average on October
] last year:
Wheat, $1.34 and 81 cents per bushei !;
corn, 70 and IA cents; oats, 43 and 33
cents; potatoes, $1.09 and 80 cents {;
hay, $1,000 and 900 per ton; eggs, 26
and 20 cents per dozen.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-10-25

the hunter himself.
Game is usually lacking in fat, is
short fibered and easy of digestion.
The well fattened fowl lacks the flavor
of the delicate game birds. The fishy
flavor of wild duck or birds may be
removed by parbOiling with a little
onion in the water. Usually the meat
of game birds is improved by hanging
until it has developed flavor and be-
come more tender; this does not rem
der it less wholesome if it is not too
high, that is, hung too long.
Sidney Smith pronounced it Il wick
edness to serve roast game drenched in
sauce.
Old game should not be broiled or
roasted, but there are many delightful
ways Of using it in stews, pot pies,
casseroled or fricasseed.
Game birds should always be served
with thin slices of salt pork or bacon,
as the meat is otherwise too dry. In
roasting slices of pork should be placed
over them or wrapped around them.
They are usually served on toast.
Roasted Quail.-Take six fat, fresh
and tender quail. Pick draw and SINCE
and wipe with damp cloth inside and
out. Butter the inside and season
lightly with salt and pepper. Truss
and bind with a thin slice of pork or
fat bacon. Put q tablespoonful of but
ter in roasting pan, put in the
quail and roast in a hot oven 20 min
utes. Put six slices of buttered toast
in hot platter, lay a bird on each !;
add half a tablespoonful of butter, a
little boiling water, and the juice of a
lemon to the gravy in the pan; cook
three minutes stirring well, strain, set
back on the stove to cook two minutes
longer, then pour evenly over the
breasts of the birds so that it will soak
the toast. GarniSh with slices of lem
on and watercresS. Serve with green
grape jelly.
When cooking veal, either chops or
steaks, dip in milk before putting in
into the hot frying pan. The milk
causes the meat to brown beautifully
and imparts flavor and unusual ten
derneSS.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-10-25
Rural Teachers Salaries Shown.

The majority of rural school teach
ers of this state receive between $40
and $40 per month, according to the
statistics just compiled by the state
board of education.
An investigation was started by the
board to find out how much Wisconsin
rural teachers get. Reports were OBJ
tanned from all but six counties. Of the
5,S47 teachers listed. 1889 get from $40
to $40 per month. There are 1 .467 of
them getting salaries between $50 and
500 monthly. Four teachers get from
$50 to $50 and only two of them get
salaries so low as to go under the $40
mark.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-10-25
NuA< Nlnz yeeeQ.
Real Events.

do any events of Importance ever
occur here" peevishly demanded the
hypercritical young man from Kansas
City. well" calmly replied the land
lord Of the Petunia tavern. morning,
noon and night happen here with I'M
failing regularity, and some of our
home folks pear to regard them as
events of considerable importance. >
Kansas City Star.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-10-25
Seeks Troops Release.

Gov. Z. L. Phillip in letter that
he has forwsrded to the secretary of
the entire Wisconsin National Guard
from service on the border, unless the
present need of the United States is
urgent and immediate. The letter was
sent through the office of Gen. Fred
erick Funston commander of the
southern department.
IN asking that the troops be sent
home at once, Governor Philip points
out that if their release is deferred
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-10-25
GUARDING AGAINST
PEACH TREE B0RERS
Pests Should Be Extracted With
Aid of Knife and Wire
Mounding Is Favored.

Patience and persistence are neceS-
sary to combat peach-tree bOrers.
They should be extracted with the aid
of a strong knife and pliable wire.
Trees should be examined for these
pests twice year, preferably in Octo-
Der and May. After the latter eXami-
nation a protective covering should be
applied to reduce so far as possible the
entrance of new bOrers. Observations
at the Pennsylvania State College
school of agriculture show that for
this purpose lime-Sulphur solution is
as safe and effective material as any.
1t should be applied either with a
coarse spray nozzle or with brush,
and the trunk of the tree should be
thoroughly covered from the exposed
crown to a height of Is inches or
more.
A little lime-sulphur sediment or
some extra lime may be added. Eight
or ten pounds of either material is
enough for SO gallons of solution. Ar
senical solutions are not recommended
for this purpose, as some of them have
proved injurious to trees and useless
against the borer.
When the coating is dry, soil should
be replaced around the trees and
wounded up to a height of about six
inches, so that borers gaining entrance
in spite of the coating may be detected
readily. The first eggs are laid by the
adult moths about the middle OF June.
The first application of lime-sulphur
should be made prior to that date.
Two additional applications should fol
low, one early in July and the other
about the middle of August.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-10-25
BERRIES FOR FAMILY TABLE
Every Farmer Should Endeavor to
Have Enough for His own use
Not Difficult to Grow.

Every farmer should try 10 grow
enough strawberries for family use,
at least. They come in so early IN the
season. when eatableS are somewhat
scarce. All that binders every family
from having all the berries they can
use is just simply negligence, Tor they
are neither costly, nor hard to grow.
Any reasonably good soil will produce
strawberries, and if they are set out
and cultivated well the first year
there will be an abundance OF berries
the next berry season.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-10-25
OVERLOOK FRUIT FOR TABLE
Orchard and Home Garden Are Essen
tiaI to Good of Comr1unity-Oon't
Neglect Fruit.

With The growth of the commercial
fruit interests of the United States,
the home fruit garden has been over
Swallowed by the commercial orchard.
While both the home garden and the
orchard are essential to the good OF
the community, they bear different re-
lations to the country as whole. Inc
home garden usually is forerunner OF
commercial development, and even IN
those localities where climatic ana
soil conditions are adverse to conduct
ing fruit-growing on an extensive scale,
the home fruit garden should be found.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-10-25
WATER NECESSARY FOR S!LO
Much When Corn Is Dry or Be-
comes Frosted.

If the corn is dry or becomes frost
ed, add plenty Of water when ensiling
there is small danger of adding too
much.
A convenient method is to run
three-fourth to inch stream into the
blower as the corn is being cut.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-10-25
Youth Lost While Hunting.

acknowledgements from Wal
ter Edberg of the town of Win
ter While they were hunting, Hen
ry Rumble, Eau Claire, who was Wis
iting his uncle, Frank H. Fish, near
was lost in forests. Search
ing parties have been organized.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-10-25
Couldn't Be Natural.

Fluff don't like that fellow. He
looks as if he'd resort to almost any
thing to do you.
Ruff-You have him. Why, he's the
kind of a chap that can't even swim
except nderhand.-Town Topics.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-10-25
STOP ITCHING INSTANTLY
With Cuticura Soap and Ointment.
Nothing Better. Trial Free.

Battle the affected part with Cuticura
Soap and apply the Ointment. For &c
zemas, rashes, irritations, pimples, dan
druff and sore hands Cuticura Soap
and Ointment are supreme. Nothing
better, cleaner or purer than these
super-creamy emollients at any price.
Free sample each by mail with Book.
Address postcard, Cuticura. Dept. l.,
Boston. Sold everywhere.-Adv.