The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-06-11

N"'uV' anu SCOTeS tne Gln1CuIt aCnieNe-
ment OF technical accuracy without
using a special language. while the
tracing OF Industrial history and
s~kctching OF the lives Of the men who
made our manufactures possible are
done in what may he called. without
the unfiattering c%onnotation that has
been fastened upon the word. the best
qualities OF popular treatment.
Psychology Of the C~mcUnscious
There are books which none bu, a
specialist should write about and per-
haps none but a specialist should read.
Such surely is Sigmund t'reud's
studies in Hysteria." The volume
under observation here. Psychology Of
the Unconscious. by c. s. JrNG ,Moffat.
Yard & Coz. translated and introduced
by Beatrice NJ. Hinkle Of the neuro-
logical department Of Cornell Medical
School. is Of the same genre. The
German title of this work, Wand
lungen n symbolic der Libido." is a
much more revealing title than
Psychology ~ the Unconscious hut
even the German title fails to illumi-
nate until 1t is explained that in the
"libido" Prof. Jung combines the mean
tugs Of what Rersson calls the ELAN
Ntale with what others cal the COS
mic urge"
Prof. Jung himself says in his
AUTHORS note that he Is no: in sympa.
thy with the attitude which favors 4
suppression OF possible WORKING
h!potheses because they may turn out
erroneous. Il do not" he confesses.
consider scientific WORK as a dog
matte contest. hut rather as a work
done FOR the increase and deepenin. 81
knowledge"
Miss Hinkle supplies a helpful and
explanatory introduction. In the work
III hand she admits Prof. Jung has
plunged into the sea Of mythology and
folklore. the productions Of the ancirn,
mind and of the common people. and
turned upon this material the same
scientific and plinstaking method of
psychologist analysis tina; is applied 10
the MODERN mind in order to reveal the
common bond of desire and longing
which unites all humanity and thus
bridge the gaps presumed to exist be-
tween ancient and widely separated
peoples and those Of our modern times
Miss Hinkle fails to lay stress upon the
fact that Prof. JunE had a theory frs,
n II was in order to prove a theory
IN some or his confreres amounting Ia
an obsession that he undertook this
work. An attempt to reduce all the
manifestations Of life to one cause Is
likely to betray the investigator. There
ways remain some phenomena in the
m~u.tifarlous manifestations Of life
that refuse to he reduced 10 one cause.
The eNact name for the addition
which Jung has made to the Freudian
theory it is difficult to give. James
lOppenheim. writing on this subject
says: Freud, roughly speaking. re-
duces the world to sexuality and Jung
Is forced to see in sexuality merely one
aspect OF the 'libido.' Thus 'libido' IA
Jung means the 'cosmic urge as tho
journalist uses il, but II also means
natures energy. Schopenhauer's will
to live. Nietzsche's eternal yea to lii,
and the elan whale" Walter Lippman
soys Jung has found a philosophy and
a religion. To do so. he says, they,
Freud. Jung and their followers. have
gene through a process thai is such an
'Fi' Wv Nt'' 'ia' Ni'fN bllSHI ~ ItttNg
nizs II. 1T is the process by which
a bit Of truth seems SO marvellous tha'
il IS made to embrace the universe
Tie Pythagoreans did II with numbers
and many did il with Ptolemalc as
tronomy. and Tennyson did 1t mos,
h~!deously with a mistaken notion OF
evolution"
Miss Hinkle holds that when Freud
, discovered that the basis and origin OF
various symptoms grouped under the
I terms 'hysteria' and 'neurosis' lay in
u%nfulflled desires and wishes. uneX-
pressed and unknown to the patient for
the most part and concerned chiefly
with the sexual instinct, II was not
realized what far reaching influence
this unpopular and bitterly attacked
theory would exert m the understand
ing OF human life in general"
1t might. however. easily have beer
foreseen. for the average mortal usually
conceives Of himself as being compact
Of spirit, mind and body and to he re-
duced TO an instinct OF the body alone
is not welcome. We are long since ac-
customed to accept the theory that the
sense OF beauty may he the outcome
and development Of lower or other in
stincts. In Santayana's Sense OF
Beauty" published in 1895 and he was
by no means discovcrer Of this theory
he succinctly says:
When love lacks It's specific object, whei
II does not yet understan nd Itself, or ha'
been sacrificed to some other interest, W.
geo tn. s,inei nre bursting out In various
directions. one Is a religious devotion