davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1916-05-21
SAYS MEXICAN PEONS
WANT TO Be RELIEVED
Adventist Missionary Writes That
Any Expedition Preventing Starva.
ton Would Be Welcome.

The common people OF Mexico would
welcome an expedition that would
make 1t possible for them to be saved
from starvation. according to letters
that Prof. G. W. Caviness. superintend-
ent OF missionary operations in that
country for the Seventh day Adventist
denomination. has just received at his
temporary office in Takoma Park. Prof.
and Mrs. Caviness have been in this
country for the past six months. and
are editing Spanish church paper and
carrying on their other work from Ia
koma Park until conditions improve in
Mexico.
One church worker residing in Fl
Paso has written as follows concern
ing conditions existing in Juarez, just
on the other side Of the Rio Grande
river: "It is true there is much rob
berry there. People have neither peace
nor receive justice and hunger and
nakedness abound"
A physician. who has been in Guada-
lajara for the past twenty years SAYS
that there has been general exodus
of Americans from that part of the
country during the last six weeks. and
that the few Americans still remaining
are thinking of leaving.
Conditions at San Luis Potosi.
missionary stationed at San Luis
P0tOSl says tnat MS lollOWeTS are nav
ing a difficult time to live on account
of the scarcity of foodstuffs. They are
eating one meal day, while on some
days they go without a morsel to cat.
The distress and poverty are growing
worse time passes. he says. The
sentiment of the people in this section
of the country. he declares, especially
those outside of the army. is that they
don't care who comes if they can get
something to eat.
From Mexico City the Cavinesses
have heard that conditions are as un-
settled as i'll other parts of the coun-
try. A trained nurse, who is spending
her time administering to typhus cases.
says that in twenty-six days she has
earned S6.500 in Mexican money. An
ordinary sleeve pattern costs SIS. while
she paid $40 for a writing tablet that
could be purchased in the states for 10
cents. She paid 5000 for four pairs of
shoes. and sugar is selling from $40 to
s12 for kilo-a little more than two
pounds. In normal times the same
amount of sugar can be bought at 20
cents.
Other Information has come that men
are joining the army to keep from
starving. while others are being forced
to take up arms.
Evening star., 1916-05-21

bouquet" thus far laid at the feet of
the consors came unintentionally from
Count Won Bernstorff, Gernany's am
bassador to the United States. when the
ambassador described the British bu-
reau as one which lin it's efficiency and
imaginative powers has never had its
equal in the history of the world
That declared Sir Edward. lis
probably higher praise than we de-
serve. but I think it is pretty good
evidence that we have prevented some
things which the enemy would have
liked and done other things which he
has disliked. That is real compli-
ment for the press bureau Is war
department'
Evening star., 1916-05-21

formation is as Vet unconfirmed through
any source. 1t is admitted however,
that he Russians have entered Rivan-
douza which is seventy-two miles from
Mosui. while the Russian army operat-
ing the Turco- Persian border has
routed the MoSlems in several en-
gagements OF varying intensity. This
army offers added menace to Bagdad.
The Russians evidently now are
aiming to drive hard for Bagdad, and
so determined is their offensive move
ment that il is declared Enver Pasha
has called upon Germany for assistance
in checking enemy aggression. Ac-
cording to adviceS many additional
regiments of German. Bulgarian and
Turkish troops have been dispatched
to these regions. where the Turkish
armies are madly endeavoring TO place
a stumbling block in the way of Rus
sian aspirati
Evening star., 1916-05-21
Turkish Armies in Mesopo-
tamia Now Are Facing Diff
ficuIt Situation.
RUSSIANS PRESS CLOSER
TOTHE CITY OF BAGDAD
Possible Clash With Britain Over
Future Control of Tigris Regions
Held Not Likely.

believe the Germans never will at
tempt a Calais drive while so busily
occupied at Nerdun.
Whatever the German plans, the
western arena is sure to furnish dra
matte military events in coming weeks.
Evening star., 1916-05-21
IRISH ARE KEPT WARM
BY FUEL FROM SWAMPS S
Inexhaustable Supply Provided by
Bogs Covering 0ne-Seventh
of Islands Area.

Her revolutions may fail. disease may
destroy her potato crop and famine
decimate her people, but one feature of
ireland remains constant-her vast
peat bogs which furnish a bulky but
inexpensive fuel for the islands nu
merous poor. The National Geographic
Society. from its Washington head
quarters. gives out the following peat
bulletin:
Nearly one-seventh of the area of
Ireland is bog land. unfit for cultiva-
ton, but this territory, nearly 1900
square miles, yields an almost mex
haustible supply of cheap fuel which
for centuries has kept hundreds of
thousands from desperate suffering
during the penetratingly damp cold of
winter.
Peat harvesting is an important in
dustry in the Irish lowlands. and one of
the factors which commends it to the
poor is that all the members of the
family can contribute to the work in
proportion to their full physical
strength. The men can WELD the spade
like slane. carving the turf into bricks.
while the children carry the wet sod TO
places in the sun. where il is left to
Transported by Donkeys.
"In the meantime the women are busy
packing the dried product in big pam
niers slung over the backs of diminu-
tive donkeys. These donkeys carry the
peat TO market. and sometimes. if there
are more women than draft animals,
the former will strap panniers across
their own shoulders and aid in solving
the problem of transportation.
In some of the bogs. where the per-
centaGe of water S-unuSually hiEn, the
.harvesters' knead the decayed Negeta-
ton with their hands and feet until
il is OF sufficient consistency to be lift
ed out and placed in the sun.
peat. which is a composite of nu-
merous aquatic plants and MOSES oX1-
died in a moist atmosphere and com
pressed BY water, after it has been
thoroughly dried, burns much more
quickly than coal. and it is considera-
bly, cheaper, twelve large-size bricks
selling for an English penny q cents)-
In recent years numerous methods
have been devised to improve this fuel
of the bogs by shredding and then
COMPRISING the carbonized growth
into briquets, which burn very much
like coal.
Other Uses for Peat.
Mixed with crude molasses from
sugar mills it is also used as a forage
for cattle, while semi-successful ef
forts have been made to convert the
vegetable fbers into a cheap grade of
paper Several processes also have
been devised to distll from peat a
commercial alcohol. a by-product OF
this manufacture being large quanti
ties of ammonium sulphate. which is
valuable as a fertilizer.
THE peat bogs of Ireland have been
so persistentiy emphasized in all eco
nomic discussions of the Irish people
as well as in the literature of the
country that the average individual
has come to think of this island as
having a virtual bog monopoly. but as
q matter of fact. there are eighteen
times as many square miles of such
land in the United States and Canada
as there are in Ireland while continental
Europe's bcgs aggregate an area as
extensive as that of the French .re-
public. Not all bogs produce fuel peat.
however,.
Evening star., 1916-05-21
Attacks Between
t: Astico and Adige.

italian armies holding the line between
fhe rivers Astico and Adige. particular
j. ia the region of Torta. the most ad-
sanced point occupied by the Italians in
the direction Of Rovereto. Desperate at
Jacks have been made against Italian
positions in the Layarone plateau I'd
sH the Folgarian plateau. Rome de-
s'lares that the lajority of the Austrian
SdNaHces have been repulsed and i'm
Jicnse losses have been sustained by the
srenly. but while doing this Rome ad-
1Hits falling back at several points
Some of the advanced line positions
5elng sacrificed for "A distance of five
suiles in some sections.
s.u-trlanS are inSIstent in their decla-
s-t:pus that decided gains have been
~sS. S.';ered over the greater part of a
81 5rty-five-mile front Just what has
s@ppered must be judged by later de
: p npments when the Italians take
positions either forward or TO the rear
81 when the Austrian offensive move
Uucnt comes to a close
Evening star., 1916-05-21
Trenches Change
Hands During Week.

caDlure Of = German trench in the
vicinity Of Hill 2S7 and 200 yards of
German trenches on the Meuse heights
hut this is tine extent OF material gains
made by either side during the course
of the week. There have been sharp
fights at practically all points along
the line surrounding Nerdun, particular
Iy iu the vicinity of Thiaumont farm,
with success for frs; one side or an
other. but none of these operations
has aided either side in the main OBJ
,ect!Ee.
While TIE French and the Germans
have beer particularly active along
.certaiu sections nf the Nerdun front.
the British ard Tcutons also have en-
gagged ~ several encounters in the
Tprea re<,iun, near Hnnchy-au- Bois and
east of Nermeilcs. The Germans have
been attempting to gain some success
~ minor o9ensives. but invariably have
been repClied after entering British
trenches. British nave been attacking
At Eulluch in the hope of regainipe
recently lost positions. but these at
tacks also have been futile.
OF he Germans in Flanders and ~the
reg ions of France occupied by them
presage an offensive o. considerable
proportions or merely are intended to
distract the attention of the. British
from Nerdun. thereby preventing ex-
tensive corporation with the French
at that point. is a, question Of doubt.
Some military critics are inclined to
Evening star., 1916-05-21

The Car Of Russia rides a bicycle,
plays tennis and bowls ninepins. He
is also an excellent swimmer.
Evening star., 1916-05-21
Italy Campaign in
Direction of Trent.

s:acle after obstacle, though slowly,
and push to the very gates of Rovereto,
which is considered the key to the
north.
The Italians never have been able to
make the progress against the Aus
TRANS along either section of the Aus
tT"-italidn line that was expected
y hen the war broke out between these
tCp nations. but nevertheless they
h@sc been ni5bling here and nibbling
thee, small advances carrying their
hi'es to point where the fall of Ro-
Nereto seemed imminent. In fact. for
months it has been expected that the
Italians would be able to break
through enemy lines in this direction
toward Trent then would be easier, a.
the territory intervening is broad and
of comparatively level character but
Austrian resistance has been desperate
ara the Italians never have been able
to register more than small gains at
sine. although the sum total of these
'1 been important. Whether success
h been worth the losses sustained Is
:-TcIher question.
or some months it has been rumored
TIT the Austrians have been rein
." eng their men to the fullest pos
s4"" extent in anticipation of Ital-
IL" offensive more determined than
Il Eet launched. I; now seems. how
.,aiicipatfon of the Austrian offensive
rov under way. and which at this
suucture gives promise of being of
prolonged character.
Evening star., 1916-05-21
Interest Still
Centers in Near East.

past, again chief interest outside the
AustEo- Italian arena has been centered
on the regions OF the near east
The Russians after repeated attacks
have been unable to regain their posi-
tIons on the kcpe mountains from
which they were elected last week by
the Turks. but are advancing with
great speed in the direction OF Bag
dad. an operation more important in
its far-reaching character than any
other now under way in Asiatic Tur-
KEY.
Unconfrmed advices have placed Rus
sian troops in the ancient city of Mosul
and IL is reported that the Ba gdad rail
way also has been cut, but this in
Evening star., 1916-05-21
Praise From Won Bernstorff.

in beginning his exposition, Sir Ed
ward told the correspondent that the
press bureau never censors articles or
kilograms criticisin2 the censorship.
He urged the correspondent not to
speak TOO much good of the censor
ship.
Il don't suppose you are likely to do
So he said. but il would really be
terrible blow If YOU did The enter
prising newspaper or news agency and
an efficient censorship are natural en-
emies, and if the day should ever come
when the newspapers. British and neu-
tral. conspred to praise the press bu-
that the journalists had lost their
go or that our censors here had been
neglecting their duty"
Sir Edward declared that the only
Evening star., 1916-05-21

In the direction of Trent the italian
forces have been uniformly more sue
Evening star., 1916-05-21
Russia to Turn Over
Mesopotamian Region.

er of the constitutionaiist democrat
party in the duma. who has arrived IN
London. In discussing the aspirations
Of Russia IN A=iatic Turkey. he dec. ar
ed il now is the Russian ambition to
take and hold consiantin0ple. even
after The war. but declared there would
he no conflict between England and
Russia as 20 the disposal of the Meso-
poramlau region.
He declared that il is generally
agreed IN Russian governmental circles
that England shall have the Mesopo-
tatnisn country after the war. This would
Indicate If the statement Is an accu-
f.ate reflection OF the Russian view
noin,. that 'he present great effort of
M, Russians is n friendly endeaFor 10
srrjke the blow which Will effect the
greatest good 20 the general allied
cause They are lending friendly as
s:s;autc 10 lhe British rather tnan act
rnr. from purcly q selfish standpoint.
with seemingly incredible" Jury the
,ern5aus and French have been night
ing in the region OF Hin 304 and Avo-
.r,I,,-t wood to the northwest of Nerdun.
where tNe Germans are GeayorlnR TO
suash th-olsh or at least bend back.
the French lines to a point where Gen
Neville will be forced TO quit Ehe once
.-rea; fortress The Germans kept up
an intense artillery FIRE on French
positions on HiIl 2S5. Hi! 354 and in
Axncourt wood during the greater part
of the week. infantry nFhtinS follow
ing during the past few days.
Evening star., 1916-05-21
Russ Operations
Endangering Turks

been later confirmed by Developments
are gravely eugangering the whole
Turkish Mesopotamian army, COM
posed Of many divisions.
With the Russian seizure of the Bag.
dad railroad and the occupation OF
Nosul the Turkish Mesopota mlan
armies. it is declared. would occupy
much the same position of Gen. Town
shend at Kut-elAmara. and II they
escaped the net which surely would De
drawn about them by the Russians ano
the British they would have to veri-
tablv hew their way through. thoush
even then they would be 1orceu
TO face another Russian army-tha.
now operating in the direction OF
Diarbekr. one which, according TO OF
fcial advices from Petrograd. is sweep
ing the Turks in this region before II.
Should Russia succeed in taking Bag
dad. feat which the British were nn-
able to accomplish. and should they
nress into Mesopotamia far enough TO
effect Il junction with the British, the
greater part of the rich Tigris ana
t.uphrates region would come. sirlcH:;
speaki9s under their domination ana
not under that of the British. as had
been hoped in London when the Meso-
potamian campaign was launched
Evening star., 1916-05-21

A. great +s have been the conflicts
il several regions and as important
Evening star., 1916-05-21

This contingency seems remote. par
in the light of the statement
Evening star., 1916-05-21
Sir Edward Cites an Example.

I'VE are engaged in life-and- dea tn
struggle with very powerful and a
very resourceful foe," answered Sir Ed
Evening star., 1916-05-21

II IS difficult matter to gauge the
trend Of battle al the present Juncture
Evening star., 1916-05-21

While the Austrians have been at
taching at other points the main as
Evening star., 1916-05-21

rh. Germans claim the capture of
two French trenches on the Haucourt-
E.snes hlyh
Evening star., 1916-05-21

From a strictly military standpoint
the operations of the Russians-as was
Evening star., 1916-05-21

cessful. Rome's
forces n a v e
been able TO
overcome OBJ
Evening star., 1916-05-21

Sa uTtS fOr the
past seven da Us
have been di-
rected at the
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-12-10
PLEA BY LORD DUNRAVEN
Calls on Irishmcn to Hurry IIntchet md
Cease TO Dwell on the
Past.

DUBLIN. December a.-"'rhc Irish
are AN ariStocratic people," admits
Lord Dunravcn in document he has
penncd for the purpose of recruiting
In lrclnnd.
For AL freshmen. he tells us, cxcnpt
very small handful of crazy Tcpuh-
leans King George is the King of
Ireland. ana an appeal from him for
recruits would be viewed very diff
fcrently to War Office act. Lord
Dunravcn says:
Let us all bury the Ratchet and
cease from dwelling upon the plumbers
and fcllies and crimes If the nast few
years
Let representative. conference of
1rishmen he 90; up to draw up heads
for home rule bill. let the Duke OF
Connaught be placed at the head of n
great recruiting crusade
Let II he clearly understood that
IL this fails, compulsion must, and will,
be rcsorted to.
voluntary enlistment must he pri-
marly for existing Irish regiments.
but 1t might also he stimulated TO
raise additional units by consulting
and satisfying Irish sentiment and
tradition"
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-12-10
EMPTiES WINE CELLARS
Countess of Carlisle Orders All I.Iuuor
ut Castle Howard TO lie
DESTROYED.

LONDON, December ?.-Thc action OF
the Countess of Carlisle i'm ordering
the entire contents Of the wine cellars
of her home, Castle Howard, to he de-
stroyed, has raised quite a storm OF
Indignation among her tenants on that
estate.
The countess has been known to
hold rather extreme views on the sub.
1cct of temperance. and was the pri.si-
dent of the British Womcn's Tcmncr-
ancc Association. During tho lifetime,
Of her husband. the late Earl OF Car
Isle. she is said to have induced him
to have tho wine cellars walled IN.
Recently the wine cellars wcrs
opened, huge trench dug on the cas-
tie grounds, and the whole stock OF
wine. numbering more than 900 bot
ties. cmpticd therein. Naturally tho
waste of so much wine has created a
sensation among the tcnantry.
Tho countess would not allow ten-
ant OF hers to hold "a license. There is
n public house on the estate, but il Is
freehold property. and thus outside her
control.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-12-10
RISKS LIFE TO SAVE FLAG
ROumnnian Officer, BenrinE Standard
Struggles for Two Hours In
River.

BUCHAREST. December among
the deeds by Rounanian soldiers since
the beginning Of the war. the story
told in connection with the battle of
Turtuiaya. in which the color bearer
of the Thirty-siXth Roumanian Infan-
try plays an important part, stands
out prominently.
The commanding general had given
the order to retreat. The Thirty sixth
Regiment. which was in the first line
of trenches. continued the struggle, in
hicting heavy loss on the enemy. Eyes
were turned TO the flag, which was
carried by a giant. Though their
numbers diminished rapidly. the SOL
diers continued to fire. while the
enemy. by receiving re-cnforccmcnts.
grew numerically superior.
Bcsicged by the enemy on every
side. the Roumanians were Obliged TO
force open q way of retreat. during
which operation the standard bearer
fell mortally wounded.
Then Subieutcnant Demetcr Manu-
look possession of the flag and. amid
a hurricane OF bullets and shells. went
toward the River Danube. the only
way of escape. Worn out. but still
courageous. the new standa rd- bea re r
plunged into the river without hcSita-
ton. For two long hours he. strug-
glcd against the current. risking death
at every moment from enemy bullets
On his arrival on the Roumanian shore
the sublicutcnant fell, exhausted and
unconscious.
After few hours stay i'm OitenitZa.
hc attircd himself in the uniform of "a
common soldier and brought the flag
to bucharest. The honor Of the regi-
mcnt was saved
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-12-10
FOR BOARD OF WOMEN
TO DEVELOP EFFICIENCY
Lady COwdray Discusses Plan for
Securing Workers i'm
England.
TAKES UP QUESTION or PAY
Should Receive Equal Remuneration
With Men for Doing Same Work.
Importance OF Training in Agri-
cultural Pursuits Is Urged.

LONDON. December o.-Lady Cowd
ray. in an interview in the Pail Mall
Gazette. advocates board of women
for the purpose of developing the full
efficiency OF England during the con-
t!nuation OF the war. She says
There are great difficulties to he
overcome, but they are not insur-
mountablc. l am heartily in agree
ment with the proposal that a central
board should be set up in London, with
local committees, also consisting of
women. throughout the country.
THE women to be reached are alto
gether apart from those who could he
expected TO use the labor exchanges,
even If the exchanges were a success.
instead of heing a failure They are
the women who are patriotically anX-
ious TO do something to help on the
war. but cannot get into touch with
anything. In considering the question
ii must be remembered that women
must insist that If they do mems work
they shall be paid mems wages 1t
IL. Of course. quite true that AN un-
trained woman cannot go on farm
or into an office and do the work of
the trained man she has replaced. but
when our soldiers joined the army as
recruits they had TO spend months ir
training. SO must our women"
MIGHT HE NECESSARY
TO EMPLOY TWO WOMEN
How would you get over the din
Guilty of the Office where trained
man is released for service by an UNI
trained woman" Lady Cowdray was
asked.
The woman could not be cXDccte
to be paid the same as the man. and
IL might he necessary to employ two
women. who would divide The mans
wages.
THAT would be better for the en-
ployer and the women themselves.
The majority OF the women we arc
discussing could not work during long
hours without injury TO themselves.
They would have TO he trained to an
altogether difficult life from that they
have been !cading--thcir backs az we'll
as their minds would have to he
trained. Just as Il huge mistake was
made In putting women on farms to
perform hard work during long hours
when they were unframed to il, so il
would be with other forms OF work.
For months I have urged the i'm
portancc of training women for agri-
cultural work. have pleaded with
the government to fiji the colleges
but they would not Let the colleges
be filled now, and not wait until II is
too late"
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-12-10
ItnIy 10 lInye M.utIe., n,,.

ROME, December 3.---It has been de-
cidcd by the government to fix two
nicatlcss days for Italy. On these days
II VIII be Illegal to slaughter cattle
or to sell meat except TO hospitals and
sick persons.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-12-10
Arrested for Having Gold.

BERLIN, December AT Altcnland.
near Stadc. SaXory. a miScr was ar
rested by the police fer having in his
possession 1000 i'm gold. Some neigh
hors saw him counting the gold pieces
ana Informed the officials, who, after
scizing the gold,> gave him treasury
notes for like amount and released
him.