davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Tomahawk., 1916-01-06
POLITICS IN OTHER LANDS

February IL, the protocol of the anti
opium convention was signed at The
Hague by representatives of the Unit
ed States, China and Holland. March
5, Gen. Vilbrun G. Sam, leader of the
revolution which overthrow Davilmar
Theodor, was elected president of
Haiti. March 7; the popular minister
of Greece, Euletherios Venizelos, re-
signed, his policy of active participa-
ton in the war on the side Of the al
lies not meeting the approval of King
Constantine. A new ministry was
formed, with Demetrios Gounaris at
it's head, but he was soon succeeded
by M. Skouloudis.
April %, the Danish diet passed q
constitutional amendment giving the
ballot to women. Before it can become
law this measure must also pass the
next diet May 4, Italy repudiated her
alliance with Germany and Austria.
declaring that Austria's invasion OF
Serbia constituted sufficient cause.
May Is, the British Liberal ministry
was reorganized On coalition basis.
LA-1 lSAAOA bclALou4, DoAAS~A A@SS"' 49,
other Unionists and a Labor party
man accepted portfolios. May 20,
Theophile Braga was elected president
Of Portugal. June 5, the new Danish
constitution was signed by King Chris
tian. One of it's most important fea-
lures is the extension of the suffrage
to women. July Fl, the voters of Al
I'D
hibition by large majority. In the
latter part of the month, new revolu-
tionary movement broke out in Haiti
and the president, General Sam, was
killed. The United States cruiser
Washington landed marines to stop
further carnage. Juan Luis San Fuen-
tes was elected president of Chile on
July rs, and DR.. Jose Pardo was in
augurated as president of Peru on AL
gust 10.
September Is, treaty between the
United States and Haiti was signed at
Port au Prince, providing for Ameri-
can supervision of the finances and po-
lice regulation of that republic. Gen
eral Dartinguenave was recognized as
president
In November, it was announced that
a majority of the Chinese provinces
had voted unanimously for the restor-
alton of the monarchial form Of gov
eminent with President Yuan Shih-kai
as emperor, and on December II he
announced his acceptance of the
throne. The Japanese mikado, Yoshi-
hito, was crowned at Kioto Novem
Der 10.
The Tomahawk., 1916-01-06
THE CIVIL WAR IN MEXICO

In the early part of the year it was
evident that Francisco Villa had the
ambition to become the political War
wick of the republic of Mexico. On
January he deposed the provisional
governor, Gutierrez, and installed Gen.
eral Cara in his place. He was still
master of the situation at the City OF
Mexico, and Carranza still maintained
his stand at Vera Cruz. Meantime, the
fighting went on uninterruptedly, with
varying results, but none decisive.
In June the situation on the border
and elsewhere became so irritating
that the United States government
felt compelled to give official warning
to the fractional leaders that failure on
their part to come to some agreement
would necessitate intervention. De-
spite this intimation, the forces of
Villa and CarranZa continued to keep
revolution afame, and by midsummer
the Mexican situation seemed to be
more inexplicable than ever. Villas
star waned perceptibly. A new mill
tary influence, General Obregon, took
the center of the stage. He assumed
the leadership of the Carranza faction.
and his military successes were con-
siderable. In July General Gonzales,
another Carranza supporter, fought his
way into Mexico City, displacing Gen
eral Zapata, who held the place in the
Villa interest. Later, Gonzales was
driven out and the situation was so
threatening to life and property in the
capital that in August, American bat
tleships were ordered to Vera Cruz,
but were not put into action. In this
month, also, an appeal signed by Sec
rotary of State Lansing and the repre-
sentatives of South and Central Amer
lean governments asking all warning
elements in Mexico to get together in
an attempt at pacifcation was sent to
the various leaders. During Septem-
Der the fighting on the Mexican border
grew more desperate. There were
many fatalities before United States
troops gained control of the situation.
On October 10, nine of the principal
governments Of the American hemi-
sphere, headed by the United States,
recognized the de facto government of
Mexico Of which Carranza is the chief.
The Tomahawk., 1916-01-06
INDUSTRIAL AGITATION

Early in the year, the meetings OF
the industrial relations commission,
held in New York city, attracted much
attention on account of the promi-
nence of some of those who were
called to testify. The chief purpose
Of the investigation was to obtain the
opinions of well-known capitalists and
employers on the present relations Of
capital and labor. January 10, guards
in a factory near Roosevelt, N. j.,
fired on group of striking workmen,
killing one man and wounding several
others. April 16, in Chicago, 1900
carpenters went on strike for an in
crease in wages. June Il, motormen
and conductors on the surface and
elevated railways of Chicago, $4,000
in all, struck for higher wages and
a complete tie-up resulted. The dis
pute, however. was settled by arbitra-
ticn after two days of business paraly-
sis. The carpenters strike in that
city, which had crippled the building
industry for several months, was end
ed by compromise wage agreement
July 10. Ten days later, strike OF
$4,000 garment makers in New York
city was averted by a wage increase
of from IL to Is per cent.
In July the employees of the Stand
ard Oil plant at Bayonne, N. j., went
on strike and serious rioting followed.
During the lawlessness which pre-
vailed, two strikers were killed and
many policemen and onlookers were
injured. After q week of disorder, a
The Tomahawk., 1916-01-06
OUR LAWMAKERS

The SiXty-third congress came to
close on March T. it's final act of spe-
cial Importance being the adoption of
resolution to strengthen the powers
Of the president in the enforcement of
neutrality laws. Both branches agreed
to the conference report on the naval
appropriation bill calling for two new
battleships, six destrCyers and eight
cen submarines. The presidents nom
nations for the promotion of army
and navy officers connected with the
building of the Panama canal were
confirmed by the senate, SO that Colo
mel Goethals and Brigadier General
Gcrgas became major generals.
On January 26, the West Virginia
legislature decided to submit a WON
an suffrage amendment at the 1916
election. Two days later, in Tennes-
see, the house passed bill for ref
erendum vote on woman suffrage, al
ready passed by the upper house. Ar
kansas declared for prohibition. In
Iowa. prohibition again becomes eff
fective On January 1, 1916. Both Idaho
and Utah adopted prohibition bills.
March 5, the North Dakota legisla-
ture passed bill abolishing capital
punishment. South Dakota had taken
similar action January 80. March 10,
Rear Admirals Fletcher, Howard and
Cowles were made admirals, new
naval grade established by the last
congress. March IS, Governor Spry of
Utah vetoed the statewide prohibition
bill. April Z, the Alaska house passed
measure submitting prohibition to
the voters. A week later, it agreed to
the senate bill abolisiing capital pun
ishment June 8. the government plea
to have the United States Steel cor
poration dissolved was denied by the
United States circuit court for New
Jersey and the defendant was held ~
be a lawful enterprise.
Resignation Of Bryan.
June S, William J. Bryan resigned
the Office of secretary of state, declar-
ing himself out of sympathy with the
presidents policy toward the Euro
The Tomahawk., 1916-01-06

pean war. On the following day, Presi-
dent Wilson appointed Robert Lam
sing, counselor for the state depart
ment, to take charge OF the office. Mr..
Lansing was made secretary OF state
June 49, Statewide prohibition be-
came operative in Alabama on July
1. On July %, the interstate COM
merce commission permitted advances
in express rates and on August IL 1t
allowed increases in carload freight
rates on Al railroads in the middle
West On the following day, it ordered
reductions in freight rates on anthra'
cite coal. August "a, the Eastman 10
dak company was declared to be an il
legal combination and ordered dis
solved. September 10, the members
of the constitutional convention OF
New York state adopted the proposed
constitution, but it was overwhelming
ly defeated at the polls November 2.
Statewide prohibition triumphed in
South Carolina, September IA, by de-
cisive majority.
President Wilson announced, Octo-
Der 6, his intention to vote Tor woman
suffrage at the special election In New
Jersey on October 10. At that election,
the proposed constitutional amend
ment was defeated by majority OF
$4,000 November elections were held
in eight states. Four Of these-ken-
lucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, and
Mississippi-chose governors. In three
Massachusetts, New York and
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES suffrage was
rejected by large majorities. In Ohio,
statewide prohibition measure was
defeated by majority of $4,000.
Changes in the national house of rep
resentatives reduced the Democratic
majority to twenty-five. The Sixty
fourth congress opened. December 6.
Senator Clarke of Arkansas was elect
ed president pro TEN of the senate and
Champ Clark was reelected speaker.
The Tomahawk., 1916-01-06

ws~e Increase was obtained ana the
strikers resumed work. July ~,
strike for higher wages and shorter
hours at the Remington Arms works,
Bridgeport, Conn.,, resulted in a VIC
tory for the employees. August 4,
threatened strike involving $1,000
workers on woman's garments, in
New York city, was prevented by an
increase in wages.
In September, the long and not in
frequently violent dispute over indus
trial conditions at the mines or ire
Colorado Fuel and Iron company was
brought to an end. John d. Rookie
Teller, Jr., made an extended visit of
Investigation to the property and as
an outcome suggested a plan for ad-
justing differences which was accept
ed by the miners in formal refer
endum vote. An agreement was
signed to maintain the present wage
scale and the eight-hour day until
January 1, 1918. The demand for
union recognition made by the miners
was not granted, but many conces-
sions were made by the company in
favor of the employees.
In July miners strike practically
put stop to the great Welsh coal in
dustry. After several conferences
between Mr. Lloyd George, the Brit
ish minister of munitions, the colliery
owners and representatives of the
miners, the trouble was settled July
20, and the men went back to work.
Further strikes and lockouts were
prohibited by law.
AS early as June &c, the state Of
American foreign trade showed a bal
ance of exports over imports of more
than $1,c0O,0O0,OO0 This was new
experience for the United States.
The yield of wheat for the year, &C
cording to the latest reports, exceeds
1,OO0,O0O,O0O bushels, the largest on
record. A corn crop of 5000, 100000
bushels, at current prices, makes it
the most valuable ever harvested in
the country. The American oats crop
is also one Of the most bountiful IN
record.
The Tomahawk., 1916-01-06

On August 10 the British liner
Arabic was torpedoed by German
submarine and several Americans
were drowned. A lively diplomatic
controversy followed, and the tension
in the United States was at the break
ing point. On September the Ger
man government notified the United
States that the captain of the subma-
rine had torpedoed the Arabic in self
defense, believing that she was about
to ram him. On September 9 the
United States asked Austria-Hungary
to recall Doctor Dumba, it's ambassa-
dor, charged with being active in a
movement to cripple American manu-
facture of munitions. On October 8
the German government disavowed
the act of the submarine captain who
sank the Arabic. At this time it was
announced that. the pending French
British loan of $5O0,000,000 had been
oversubscribed.
The United States secret service.
October "a, arrested young man who
called himself Robert Fay and de-
clared that he was a lieutenant in the
German army and came to America to
destroy merchant vessels Of the allies
and American munition plants. Early
in December, the Washington govern
ment demanded the recall of the Ger
man attaches, Boyd and Won Papen,
on the ground of pernicious activity.
They were recalled by the kaiser.
Dr. Carl Buenz, managing director
of the Hamburg-American line, and
two employees of the company were
convicted in New York in December
of conspiracy to deceive the govern
ment in sending vessels with supplies
for German Warships.
The Tomahawk., 1916-01-06

ing a church The Italian hner An
coma, bound for New York, was sunk
by a submarine flying the Austrian
flag on November 9. More than a hun
dred passengers were killed, including
several Americans. The United States
made a vigorous demand on Austria to
disavow the act and punish the com.
mander of the submarine.
On December Is the British war Of
flee announced that Gen. Sir Douglas
Haig had superseded Field Marshal
Sir John French as British commander
in France and Flanders.
The sun., 1916-12-15
ANXIETY OVER REPLY.
German Stocks Fail N Negative
Indicatl0n by Entente.

LONDON, Dec. IA despatch to the
Star from Berne describing the excite
ment In Berlin Immediately after the
speech Of Chancellor Won Berthmann-
Hollweg on Tuesday expresses the view
that It indicates the hopes OF the people
that the move would. bring peace within
a measurable distance.
As soon as the gist Of the speech was
known. adds the message. men rushed
wildly from cafes and restaurants.
snatched newspapers from strangers and
shook hands with each other. while
women crowded tho churches, where
Protestant pastors and Catholic priests
offered extemporary prayers for peace.
The popular excitement. according to
the message, was reflected on the Berlin
and Frankfort bourses on Wednesday y
morning when at the opening shares rose
with astonishing rapidity. only to col
lapse suddenly on the receipt of un-
favorable forecasts OF the probable tenor
Of the Entente reply.
Emperor William is reported by the
correspondent to be in Berlin comforting
with Field Marshal Won Hindenburg and
the heads OF the German states and
planning to remain there until the En-
tente answer Is received.
A despatch to the Copenhagen Po-
ltikem from Berlin says:
What the entire city and the coun-
try are discussing now is not the proc
lamation by the Emperor or the speech
OF Chancellor Won Bethmann-Hollweg,
but the nature of the reply from abroad.
The anxiety before the delivery Of the
Chnncellor's speech was great. but now
II IL many times greater.
Despite the press opinions from en-
emy countries OF a discouraging nature
Telegram phed to Germany. II Is hoped they
do not express the opinions OF TIN re-
spective Governments"
The sun., 1916-12-15
HARDING EXPLAINS
WARNING TO BANKS
Reserve Board Governor Dis
claims Slight on Any Ma
tiOn's Credit.

Boston, Dec. 1i.-An explanation OF
the Federal Reserve Boards recent
warning to American bankers against
locking UP their money In foreign treas
ury bills was made In a speech here to-
nigth by w. p. G. Harding, governor Of
the board. who reiterated the declara-
tion that there was no intention to re-
feet upon the credit OF any nation. Soon
after the boards statement appeared
short term British treasury bills which
had been offered for sale In this country
were withdrawn.
Mr.. Harding, speaking before the Bos-
ton City Club. said:
'Tn my opinion. what the board had
in mind when II made It's brief reference
to investors, was simply this: American
investors have for many years been ac-
customed to buying Industrial securities
railroad obligations to o great extent.
In dealing with these securities certain
well established rules have been de-
veloped.
The investor has acquired the habit
Of requiring specific Information regard
Ing gross earnings. fixed charges. net
earnings. sinking funds. &C., and he
insists upon knowing definitely whether
he is offered a first mortgage bond. in
come bond. preferred stock or common
stock.
1T Is the practice Of every issuing
house when offering securities to state
all necessary details either over its own
signature or that of the head of the bor-
rowing corporation. Nowhere is the i'm
portance Of authentic and complete in
formation more fully understood and
appreciated than in Europe, both in
England and on the Continent. and pros
pectuses for foreign loans contain all the
important facts relating thereto In a
statement signed by an authorized repre-
sentative Of the foreign Government or
by the issuing house. or In some cases
by both.
"The board sought merely TO call at
tentions to the fact that as this country
has become an important market for
foreign securities the same businesslike
habits which are we'll established re-
garding domestic loans should be de-
veloped in marketing foreign fiotations.
The sun., 1916-12-15
AIRMEN TO TAKE TEST FLIGHT
Militia Onicers VIII Fly To- morrow
over Brooklyn and jersey.

\ cross country flight OF fifteen aero
planes from Hampstead Plains TO South
Philadelphia. lis miles. over Brooklyn.
Staten Island and New Jersey. Is sched-
uled for tomorrow morning. 1t is a
test for officers OF the First Aero Corps,
n. c. y. Y. some Of whom will qualify
for reserve officers military aviator ccr-
tificates II they complete the night sue
cessfully.
The squadron will be commanded by
Capt. Joseph G. Carberry. l.. y. A.. ad-
officer at the army flying
school at Hampstead Plains. The ma
chimes will leave at intervals OF one min
ute. the first one starting at $3.50 A. NJ.
Each Of the hiers will carry mill
tary aviator's map OF the country
mounted on two rollers. In addition to
an air compass and other navigating In
s,ruments. From Trenton. y. j.. they
will fy over the Delaware River.
Capt. Carberry's machine will be the
first to leave the ground for the start.
Among the others who will make the
trip are Capt w. q. Kilner L. s. A.: =.
p. Stctson, Jr.. OF Philadelphia: Lieut..
James l.. Miller. n. n. Blakely. c. II.
Reynolds and "Hobey' Baker, the
Princeton football star.
The sun., 1916-12-15
GERMANY DEFENDS
EXILING OF BELGIANS
absolutely in Accordance
With the Principles Of In
ternational Law"

BERLIN, by wireless. Dec. 1i.-Asser-
tion that the action Of the German Gov
ernment in the deportation Of Belsians
In absolutely in accordance with the
principles Of international law is made
In the concluding sections OF Germany's
States concerning this subject ss pub
iished in the Norddsutsche Ali0emeine
zettunO and given out by the Overseas
News Agency to-day.
These paragraphs read as follows:
THE unemployed tBelgiahs) sent to
Germany shall be distributed from CEN
tral receiving places established in Pal
ten-Gradow. Guben. Kassel. Meschede.
Meunster, Soltau and Wittenberg.
Thence they will be sent to places where
they shall be engaged In agricultural and
they will be excluded from occupations
to which a hostile population, according
to international law, cannot be coerced.
''1f the American Government attaches
Importance to II, a member of its en-
bassy at Berlin will with pleasure be per-
mitted to obtain Information about the
conditions under which these persons
live by personally visiting them.
THE German Government highly de-
plores that by the slandcring press cam
paign OF her enemies the conditions ex-
plained above have been completely dis
torted In the United States. The Ger
man Government also. and not in the
least In the interest OF the Belgian
population. would extremely depiore II
by these distortions the highly beneficial
action Of the relief committee should be
harnpered In any way.
The German Government finally feels
obliged to point out the fact that the
deportation Of the German population
from parts OF Germany and from Ger
man colonies occupied by hostile troops.
especially the deportation Of women.
children and old persons from eastern
Prussia to Siberia, has, as far as known
here. given to neutral states no incentive
to take steps with the respective Cover
rnents similar to these now taken toward
Germany.
AT all events there could be no doubt
that these measures are gross violations
OF the laws OF humanity and Of the
rules OF international law. while after
the explanations given above the Ger
man Government Is absolutely In ac-
cordance with these principles
The sun., 1916-12-15
SAYS ENGLAND MUST
PAY IN DOLLARS
Reginald McKcnna Tells How
Nations Wealth Must Be
Converted to Meet Needs.

LONDON. Dec. 1.-THE extent 10
which England is able to convert her
sterling wealth into dollars is the real
measure OF her ability to continue TO
meet the wars demands. according 10
Reginald Mckenna. the former than
cellor Of the Exchequer. who spoke in
the House Of Commons tonight, sun.
porting and supplenentng Mr.. Bonar
Laws presentation Of Great Britans
financial position.
Mr.. Mckenna opened by consratula,.
ing Mr.. Bonar Law on his speech, thus
showing the Entente cordiaie between
the old and the new governments, and
continued:
We are bound to supply munitions IN
the full extent OF our capacity and We
are bound likewise to meet all the de.
mands OF our allies so far as We are
able The extent OF our ability TO NEE,
those demands Is enormous. but there
Is one restriction. namely. that 1t viii
not be easy to convert sterling wealth
into dollar wealth. We must nav IN
dollars for what we buy now all over
the world. and that IL the limit Of our
power TO help our allies"
Touching on the large increase IN the
expenditure during the past two months.
NJ. Mckenna said:
Mr.. BOnar Law mentioned that ou.
average daily expenditure for the ps.,
sixty y-three days reached 500 ONo. hu'
In that period there were brought into
the account large sums expended IN the
United States which ought TO have been
brought into the charges Of an earlier
period. l believe that The true daily eN-
penditurc now is about t5.aoo 600 :
IN for
The sun., 1916-12-15
HOTELS ARE READY
FOR NEW YEAR EYE
Managers Announce They Will
Celebrate without Break
ing Law.

uayor Ni,cbs,,. ,brs., N r.voSs thu
-. -. .,, 49, 80.
hce"s,s Oh hote's wh'eh DC" liquor si'er
A. NJ. on New Years morn has not
caused hotels which p,anned 10 Celebrate
49,. =.
y" .'0 'a'' '"s"' Vi u"e 'e~' '""us"
be Sunday night. TO change their plans
They intend to have the usual jubiiation
v,,,.,,.
"". "e""'s wv
The knickerDocker Hotel. at whom the
Mayors letter directing the police to be
nm tho watch and corvev,r. IN. .er,,r~
80
loi "ce"sc reVoca''oh' was aimeo espe-
, cially. is going ahead with its reserva-
tons for Sunday. Al least one b,r bo,e,
In registering many of its Sunday eveninr
diners ar regular puests NJ ,hs hotai A
spokesman Tor This piaco said is., ,,.h,.
"Jf our guests living rigbt hero In ~ =.
hotel bappen 10 order a co,,nle NJ ho,,,.s
of chamna ene ana sti,, hav. thsn, m ,hs
table in front of them nj I o.ciocL In The
morning who is Going IN atom ther, ?
Who is soins IN take tho re.nor .ihii,t a,
OF throwing them ont? don.t believe
the police will"
Walton n. NarsbslI. mana~,nv Al.
rector Of the yanderhiit Ho,.i said tho,
SUNDAY ev.r;ng r...ry.,,on. h.S ,,r.
,uaiIv oil haon rrad. o. ,ah,.. - ~.
Deiia uohhI. ,,o,,, a ~. ~. ur.. u...s..
Card.rs ue ..,d -. t;S 20. .h,nS 4.
would no fea s,b,. to ho,d m. ce,shrston
an Mondav Ion,,ar,, ny ~ s,,sr."
,,'o,,,. ~ 80 .1" .,,.,. % ~, Wn.... !.
o,,. so,,,a -. I. o,,i,G 80 - =.
-. ~. .,. -, ,r......., ,.u
..o,,ia &C., q. 49,, H. sSs.a ..,,,s
sha,, ,a'.a s,nn,s.. ,..',..-
iainment and close M {, o,ciock,.