davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Roanoke Rapids herald. [volume] (Roanoke Rapids, N.C.) 1914-192?, 1916-10-20
ROSEMARY PERSONAL AND
LOCAL ITEMS

Mrs. j. N. Byrd and daughter
Miss Pattie left for Raleigh
Tuesday where they visited the
State Fair.
W. B. Harris of Aurelian
Springs, was in town Wednesday
on business.
Penldeton Grizzard ofthe A. and
M. College, arrived Friday to
spend the week end with his
mother.
J. U. Loftin returned Thurs
day after spending several days
in Virginia.
Misses Alice and Lucy Butts,
of Garysburg, are visiting Mr..
and Mrs. ]. G. Butts.
Rev. A. C. Chaffin preached
a special sermon Sunday to the
members of the local camp of
w. 0. W. The church was tax
ed to its full seating capacity by
an audience that listened atten-
lively to sermon of much power
and eloquence.
Rev. Mr.. Self of Garysburg is
here assisting the pastor of the
M. E. church in a protracted
meeting. Much interest is being
manifested in these services as
evidenced by the fact of the large
congregations that assemble for
each service.
ia. Warren, of near Aurelian
Springs, was here a short time
Wednesday on business.
J. ]. Rose spent the week end
with friends and relatives in
Jackson, returning Tuesday
W. J. Norwood spent Sunday
with relatives in Ante, Va.
Messrs J. ]. Wade, George
Carmichael, W. C. Bass and J.
W. Smith attended the State
Fair in Raleigh Wednesday and
Thursday, making the trip by
automobile.
Mrs. E. T. Newbill and child
rem of Nashville Tenn, after an
extended visit to Mr.. and Mrs.
]. Y. Hinson, returned home Sun
day.
Roanoke Rapids herald. [volume] (Roanoke Rapids, N.C.) 1914-192?, 1916-10-20

]. Y. Hinson spent the day
Sunday in Norlina where he at
tended a meeting of the Railway
Engineers.
John W. Harrison spent Sum-
day in Brinkleyville with relat-
ives and friends.
R. L. Dickens spent Sunday
in Enfield with his parents Mr..
and Mrs F.. A. Dickens.
Contestants will be furnished
with receipt books and sample
copies of the paper on appli-
cation at Herald Office.
Roanoke Rapids herald. [volume] (Roanoke Rapids, N.C.) 1914-192?, 1916-10-20
MIR. Charles E. Shell OF Rosemary
Passes Away

Rosemary, October IL. Mr..
Charles E. Shell, for fourteen
years a resident of Rosemary,
died at his home at 1:48 Tuesday
morning.
He was born in Brunswick
county, Va, October 5, 1852,
and early joined the Methodist
Church, Of which he was a men,
ber until his death.
His brothers are Richard j.,
William j., John B., Thomas T.,
who now live in Brunswick
county, Va, and Henry T., who
lives in Rosemary; and the half
brothers are Edmond Shell of
Victoria, Va, and Peter Shell of
Roanoke Rapids.
He early married Miss Cornelia
Frances Edwards, who together
with four sons, survive him. The
sons are Leslie G., Curtis and
Dever, who live in Rosemary,
and Roland, who holds a govern
ment position on the Panama
Canal.
The funeral services were
conducted by Rev. R. L. Top
ping and Rev. w. R. Shelton in
the Rosemary Methodist church
at2:30 Wednesday afternoon.
Miss Alice Hockaday, Mrs. L.
S. Mosher, Messrs. M. McRae
Faison and c. T. Johnston sang
Shall We Meet Beyond The
River.
The floral offerings were
many and beautiful.
The pall-bearers were Messrs.
J. E. Cox, W. F. Horner, G. L.
Hayes, c. H. Speight, R. l.
Starkes and j. H. Gilliland.
Ed. Note. This item should
have appeared last week but was
turned in too late for publication.
Roanoke Rapids herald. [volume] (Roanoke Rapids, N.C.) 1914-192?, 1916-10-20
ROANOKE RAPIDS PERSONAL
AND LOCAL ITEMS

Mr.. and Mrs. W. c. Elmore and
Misses Virgie and Annie Elmore
spent Saturday and Sunday with
friends and relatives near
Lawrenceville, Va.
Mr.. L. J.Boykins of Wilson,
spent Sunday here with friends.
Rev. E. T. Lidell, who is to
help in the Methodist revival
here, will arrive on Saturday
from Burlington, N. c., where
he has conducted a most success
full meeting. He preached to
4,S0O people last Sunday. He
will lead the singing in the
meeting.
M. McRae Faison, S. ]. Bounds
and J. W. Taylor spent Wednes-
day in Raleigh attending the
fair.
Mrs. Robert West spent several
days in Petersburg this week
with relatives.
The Woman's Auxiliary of the
Episcopal Church will give an
oyster supper on October % from
six to ten O'Clock in the Horner
Building next to the First Nat
ional Bank. Everybody is invited
to come out and patronize this
cause.
Clyde Mizelle, of Zebulon, was
here Wednesday attending the
marriage of his sister, Miss Bessie
Mizelle.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. S. Saunders
spent Thursday in Raleigh attend
ing the Fair.
Contestants will be furnished
with receipt books and sample
copies of the paper on appli-
cation at Herald office.
Roanoke Rapids herald. [volume] (Roanoke Rapids, N.C.) 1914-192?, 1916-10-20
Subscription, $1.00a Year in Advance
Baptist Church
Special Announcement

In the absence of the pastor,
who will supply the pulpit of the
Scotland Neck Baptist Church
next Sunday, the following
arrangements have been made
for services at the Roanoke
Rapids Baptist Church on that
day.
At II O'Clock the senior B. Y.
P. U. will have charge, and will
render an interesting program.
At 7::30 P. M. Prof. A. M.
Proctor will conduct the services.
The regular church attendants,
and all others who will are urged
to attend these services.
The pastor of the church ex-
poets to begin two series Of SER
mons Sunday Oct. the 29th. One
series will be delivered at the
morning service and the other
series at the evening service.
The general theme of the
morning series will be: THE
Seven Churches of ASIA" each
consecutive Sunday as follows:
l. The Church in Ephesus
2. The Church in Smyrna
3. The Church in Pergamos
4. The Church in Shyatira
S. The Church in Sardis
6. The Church in F Philadelphia
7. The Church in Laodicea
The general theme of the even
Ing series will be Seven Modern
Perils, each consecutive Sunday
as follows:
/. The Perils of the Dance
2. The Perils of the Theatre
3. The Perils of the Card Table
4. The Perils of Strong Drink
5. The Perils of Sabbath Desc
Grafton
6. The Perils of an Impure
Life.
7. The Perils of Irreverence
Mr.. Trueblood expects to put
the best efforts of his life in to
these sermons. He will deal with
these themes in a plain practica
manner, but will endeavor to be
fair and impartial to all concern
Roanoke Rapids herald. [volume] (Roanoke Rapids, N.C.) 1914-192?, 1916-10-20
Hon. W. E. Daniels to Teach Bible
Class

Hon. w. E. Daniel, of Weldon,
will teach the Mems Bible Glass
CT the Christian Church Sunday
morning, School begins promptly
at 9:45. We hope to have the
largest number of men present
that we have ever had in this
class before. The record attend
anceRo Rof this Bible class is 81. The
lesson is an appropriate one for a
lawyer to discuss, 'Paul's De-
fense Before Agrippa. Come
out and hear the lesson discussed
by this able man.
Roanoke Rapids herald. [volume] (Roanoke Rapids, N.C.) 1914-192?, 1916-10-20
MRS. BESSIE KING

Mrs. Bessie King, wife Of
Willie E. King, of Rosemary, died
at her home in Rosemary on
last Tuesday morning after
an illness of several weeks. Mrs.
King was twenty six years old.
Death was due to heart trouble.
The interment took place in the
Shaw burying ground near
Rosemary on Wednesday after
noon.
Roanoke Rapids herald. [volume] (Roanoke Rapids, N.C.) 1914-192?, 1916-10-20
COLLINS-SMITH

Cards have been received here
reading as follows:
Mr.. and Mrs. Fred Eugene Collins
announce the marriage
of their daughter
Mary L.
to
Rev. Henry Clark Smith
on Saturday, October the fourteenth
nineteen hundred and sixteen
Des Moines, Iowa
Enclosed Card
At Home
after November the first
Jerome, Arizona
Roanoke Rapids herald. [volume] (Roanoke Rapids, N.C.) 1914-192?, 1916-10-20

Messrs ]. H. Shaw and R. A.
Gray of Vultare, Hobson Powell,
and Bruce Reid of Emporia, Dan
Ward, and William Barette of
Garysburg, called in the home OF
Misses Vincent. Sunday evening.
Roanoke Rapids herald. [volume] (Roanoke Rapids, N.C.) 1914-192?, 1916-10-20

Whatever you do, don't worry
about the work, but 60 about do
ing the work, and thus you'll soon
do the worry also.
Roanoke Rapids herald. [volume] (Roanoke Rapids, N.C.) 1914-192?, 1916-10-20
\ STATEMENT

Contestants are hereby
authorized to state to sub
scribers and prospective
subscribers that on and af-
ter January l, 1917, the
subscription price of the
HERALD will be $l.50
per year in advance. Full
reasons for this step will
be announced in next
weeks paper.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1916-06-15

been assisting Mrs. C. J. Price with
her homework for the past few
weeks has returned to her home near
Grand hlver.
Miss Mary Reed of Osceola is here
visiting with her grand parents, Mr..
and Mrs. A. L. Bedding.
Misses Gladys and Louise Ho.dley
were visiting with friends in town
Wednesday afternoon.
Mrs. w. F. Briner spent Friday at
ternoon at the home of Mrs. Will
Branscomb.
Mr.. and Mrs. J. A. Smith spent
Sunday in the country at the home Of
Nj. and Mrs. Grant Spencer.
Martin Boatman was visiting with
friends in town Saturday evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. Russell Macklin were
transacting business in town Monday
afternoon.
Lyle Wyncoup spent Sunday in
town with his friend Clifford Smith.
Donald Price was visitor in Leon
Saturday evening.
Misses Fern, Vera and Christia
Lantz and Clyde Johnson were guests
at Sunday dinner at the home of Mr..
and Mrs. Harry Traupel.
Mrs. Ralph Thompson and sons
Paul and Cleone of Fairview spent a
few days of last week in Des Moines
visiting with friends and attended
the graduation exercises of Drake.
Mrs. Marion Fuller was visiting
with Mrs. S. Scarborough Friday al
ternoon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Oscar Boatman are
ENJOYING q visit this week with rela-
lives from bethany, No.
Miss Baalis Halstead left Saturday
morning for Des Monies to attend
summer school.
G. j. Price was business visitor
in Diagonal Friday.
Miss Vera Smith was visiting with
her friend, Miss Coda Frey Sunday.
Miss Iowa Hammer of Decatur
who has been visiting with her sister,
Mrs. Harry Fisher left last week for
Des Moines where she will attend
the summer school at Drake.
Mrs. Caster was transacting bust
ness in town Saturday afternoon.
Miss Velma Spencer spent Sun
day with her friend, Miss Gladys
Price.
A number of people from town
were Leon visitors SATURDAY even
ing.
Misses. Nellie and Flossie Easter,
who have been attending Drake Uni
versity in Des Moines, came Friday
afternoon to spend their summer va
cation with their mother, Mrs. Fan
ME Easter of Fairview. Miss Nellie
was graduate of Drake this year.
Miss Gladys Price spent Saturday
evening with her friend, Miss Velma
spencer.
Miss Margaret Warner spent Sat
urday night and Sunday morning in
town with her friend, Miss Callie
Johnson.
Mrs. R. B. Strong of Clinton, Ok
lahoma, '!ho is enroute to visit her
sister, Mrs. Lydia Keller spent a few
days in town at the home of Mr.. anu
Mrs. A. B. Fierce.
Mr.. and Mrs. r. A. Easter and lit
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1916-06-15
Davis City.
you'll Like Davis City "

Misses Mary and Maud Teale left
Saturday for Des Moines to attend
summer school at Highland Park.
Mrs. J. r. Robinson returned home
from Des Moines last week where
she went to visit her son Harry.
mrs. Jessie Milligan was Lamo-
nj visitor Friday between trains.
Miss Cena Burrell returned home
from Canton, S. D., the past week.
Mr.. and Mrs. A. j. Johnson Of ST.
Joe, Mo-, spent Sunday with friends
in DAVIS City, on their way to Union
vile.
Mrs. James Parker who has been
quite i'll is much better at TINS writ
ing.
G. P. Campbell is driving new
car.
Mr.. and Mrs. Orville Frazier left
Saturday for a few days visit at Al
bany.
Mrs. George Henderson is on the
sick list this week.
John Newton cur rural mail car
rier returned home from Des Molnes
Sunday with a fine large automobile.
Mrs. Walker Of Leon was visitil g
at the home of Israel Post over sun
day, and Mrs. John Archie OF Leol
was also visiting her brother Israel
Post over Sunday.
Our primary election passed Oft
quietly in this city last Tuesday. we
suppose all who weren't pleased in a
way were displeased with the returns
as the news flashed over the country
of who got the nominations. But
cheer up for often our disappolnt-
ments are our blessings in disguise.
Miss Hartley our assistant prin-
cipal of schools returned to her home
at Maloy Saturday as school closed in
this city last Friday. Miss Hartley
will be missed by her many friends.
The commencement exercises of
the Davis City high school were held
Thursday evening a the opera mouse
before a good crowd. The members
of the graduating class were Misses
Maud Teale, Dorcas Manchester and
Dorothy Brant.
Mrs. Sybil Lanning Hyde OF
Washington was visiting her many
friends in this city the past week.
The Rebekahs elected their offlc-
ers Wednesday evening for the ensu-
| ing year, and also initiated two young
! ladies into the order, Misses Jessie
Adkins and Mary Teale. Refresh
ments were served by Mrs. Ed Teale
and Mrs. Claude Robinson and Mrs.
Alice Marble.
Everybody in this city are enjoy
ing the beautiful sunshine after SO
long a dreary and cloudy time.
Oscar Judd returned Monday from
Weldon.
Cena Burrell was shopping in Leon
Monday.
Rev. Place was shaking hands with
old friends in our city Monday while
on a fishing trip.
Brainard Hamilton spent Saturday
and Sunday with friends in Des
Moines.
Glen Andrews visited at the John
Howell home Sunday.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1916-06-15

tie son Donald were visiting with
friends in Des Moines last week.
Leo Price spent Friday in the
country at the home OF Mr.. and Mrs.
Wyncoup.
Misses Velma and Julia Spencer
were visiting with frienus in town
Friday afternoon.
Prof Reed of Osceola was visit
ing with relatives and old time
friends in town last week
Mrs. Z. L. Hall and children Of
Sharpsburg are visiting at the home
of Mr. and Mrs. E. o. Stearns.
Mrs. E. F. Parrish and daughter
Irene of Corydon are visiting at the
home of Mrs. Parrish's mother, Mrs.
Lydia Gould.
Mr.. and Mrs. I. N. Skidmore spent
Monday night at the home OF Mr.
and Mrs. Roy Hawkins.
Children's day exercises will be
held at the Christian church Sunday
evening.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1916-06-15
Van Vert.

Frank Young our rural mail car
rier was transacting business in Os-
ceola Saturday. Gerald Fierce took
charge of the mail route during his
absence.
S~g>eiss Nicholena Rasmussen came
laslJ Tuesday afternoon for visit
with her parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Ras-
mussen west of town.
9. j. Price left Wednesday for Des
Moines to attend the commencement
exercises of his daughter, Miss Lee
Dnr-.a Price VINO was graduate OF
brake
Mrs. Bertha Gould spent one day
last week in the country at the home
of her brother Eb Fierce and family.
Mr.. and Mrs. l. N. Shidmore are in
town visiting with old friends before
leaving for their home in Oregon.
Robert Edge, who is working in
Osceola was visiting with his par
ents few days last week.
Mrs. j. A. Smith and daughter
Vera spent Wednesday at the home
of Mr.. and Mrs. Will Hedrick.
Miss Hazel Hawkins who has been
teaching school at Ames came last
week to spend her summer vacation
with her parents, Mr.. and Mrs. John
Hawkins.
Lewis Fisher who has been spend
ing a few days in Decatur visiting
with his grandparents has returned
home.
Mrs. May Church of Kansas has
been visiting with her mother, Mrs.
Waterman and other relatives for
the past week.
Carroll Spencer spent Sunday in
town with his friend, Clifford Smith.
Glen Stargill of near Osceola was a
visitor in our town Saturday evening.
Miss Lenore Price came Friday
morning to spend her vacation at
Ibpme with her parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
e ]. Price. Miss Price was grad
nate in the primary course at Drake
this year.
Walter King who has been attend
ing Simpson at Indianola came last
week to spend his summer vacation
IN the farm with his parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. J. w. King.
Miss Neva Kelley of near Leslie
was visiting with her grandparents
Mr.. and Mrs. L. D. Kelley short
time Friday afternoon.
MlSS t1dLllS DOdluoA AA0S OSSAA W.
iting in town with her brother Leo
and family.
Lee Easter who has been teaching
at Boone came Friday afternoon for
a few months visit with his mother
Mrs. Fannie Easter OF Fairview.
]. M. Halstead was transacting
business in Des Moines a few days
last week.
Miss Lenore Price spent Friday
evening at the home OF her friend,
Miss Coda Frey.
Mrs. Bertha Gould spent Wednes-
day with her brother Charles Fierce
and family south OF town.
Mrs. Gillette was visiting with
friends in town last Tuesday after
noon.
Miss Lydia Hendrickson who hai
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1916-06-15
Garden Grove.

Mr.. and Mrs. Joe Warrington went
to Pleasanton the latter part of the
week to visit at the home of their
daughter, Mrs. Ralph Judd.
Miss Marion Jennings who has
returned last week for her vacation
Mr.. Ratcliff of Tongonoxi, Kansas,
was here last week visiting at the H.
B. Matthews home.
c. S. Stearns bought the j. w.
Jamison bankrupt hardware stock at
auction Monday.
Theo. French went to Liberal, Kan
sas, Saturday where he has posi-
ton this summer.
Chas. Knapp came down from the
soldiers home at Marshalltown last
week for visit here.
Mrs. Barnes and son Earl went to
Deer Creek, ILL.,, to spend the sum-
mer with relatives, last week.
Mrs. G. C. Sears returned last Sat-
urday from a visit at Ackworth.
Lester Gill who has been attend
ing the Denver University the past
year returned home last Sunday.
Mrs. Ryan, of New Jersey, went to
Bethany, Mo-, the first of the week
to visit with relatives.
Mrs. Sarah Dethrege who has been
visiting at the Wiley home went to
Illinois Monday.
Mrs. Hacker of near St. Joe came
Monday to visit at the John Wolf
home.
Miss Mildred Nelson and her broth
err Raymond of Allerton who were
visiting at the Jenkins home return
ed home Monday.
Mrs. Stewart Thomas and three
sons of South Dakota, came Tuesday
for a visit at the n. B. Thomas home
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1916-06-15

Miss Marie Horney is staying at
the home Of Mr.. and Mrs. Conner in
Leon helping care for the twin babies
which arrived last week.
school closes at Scratch Eye June
ner.
Misses Eva Rumley and Ora Par
sons were callers at the Barlean
home one day last week.
Mrs. c. E. Chastain spent Satur-
Cay in Leon the guest Of Misses Eta
and Ida Lewis.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1916-06-15
Burr Oak l.idse.
Summer at last.

Summer at last.
Misses Vida and Jennie Jennings
are spending this week at Mrs. Joe
Jolnson's assisting in gathering
straw berries
G. /, Chastain and family spent a
very pleasant day at A. P. Bethards
Sunday.
Willard Chastain went to Davis
City Saturday to visit his grandpar-
en.s. Mr.. and Mrs w II. McCalla.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1916-06-15

Frank Young our rural mail car
rier was transacting business in Os-
ceola Saturday. Gerald Fierce took
charge of the mail route during his
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-07-04

any prolonged conversation. The sad
results are evident in the abundant
discomfort that pervades mems clubs
on ladies' days and in the vapid nom
sense that men talk to women in the
cartoons of Briggs. Robert Louis
Stevenson and other essayists have
left good advice on the subject, but
we fear there are none too many who
can and will practice it, who will let
their minds meet those of the other
sex in frankness ard sincerity. The
ordinary result is bluff and giggles.
The man takes refuge in himself
Chat inexhaustible topic) and the
woman dives into the pool of small
talk. Both methods pickle the brain.
There is hope in the fact that many
women are now driving automobiles
and golf balls, and SO have entered
what men recognize as the real world,
but in the long run more is to be ex-
pected from the Western method of
coeducation and equal voting. Married
women of the future will be at home
in the house of their two souls-of
which the doorstep is only a part
Some of them are now.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-07-04

huh? You going to celebrate your
Fourth fine, yes?"
That's ALL" the boy said when the
last rocket went up. WED better
hustle now like he said"
She never forgot that ride. Low
over the wheel crouched the thin, lit
tie figure Of the Texas boy, and she
beside him hatless, the wind blowing
he~ fair hair loose across her face.
Halfway the boy slowed down and
listened
Hear 'em coming''-he grinned-
''the sQldiers?"
They waited till the detachment
rode up, eager, serious-faced young
sters in khaki most of them, with Tod
Mason at their head. Tod. who had
been in every good scrimmage and
chase since the campaign opened
Lieutenant Tod, as the rank and file
called him proudly.
Wen get him all right, Mrs. Madi-
gan" he promised. Don't YOU worry.
You can ride on to that hill and wait
for daylight. When you see the flag
down on the ranch house, you can
come back
Tom thought he was dreaming when
he felt some one behind him crawling
by inches until his bonds were cut, and
a revolver thrust in his aching hand.
Then came the attack, the surprise of
Juan and his men. C1arita's high
Pi@Ohou CiicS dDo"e II All, 1Hu dl last,
as daylight broke over the valley, the
sudden quiet that follows victory.
Fifteen prisoners and two Mexican
casualties" reported the lieutenant.
Haul down the flag, boys
And when Sue rode up she found
Tom mounted on a stump, leading
1.-THE Star Spangled Banner"
Boys" called Tom, my wife, God
bless her. Just tune up that chorus
again, before you ride on. It sounds
mighty good to me. I don't believe
in war, but I'm with you on this
Copyright, 1915, by the Mcclure
Newspaper Syndicate
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-07-04
WHEN SHE COMES HOME.

When she comes home-the plaintive note
That quivers from the robins throat
Will ring less sad unto my heart,
So weary of the ache and smart
OF worldiness; and here. and there,
Where now 1 find the face of care,
The sunshine will be seen and Oh!
The many gladnesses I'll know
When she comes home.
When she comes home-the butterfly,
Now drifting slowly, sadly by,
Will riot through the shade and shine
In quiet of mystic cups of wine.
And vagrant winds, from southern lands,
VIII bring rich jewels in their hands
In tribute; and the roses will
Their sweetest fragrance distin,
When she comes home.
When she comes home-when she comes
home,
/ shall have found a brighter Rome
Than ever Caesar knew when he
Was monarch of the land and sea-
For in her sweet, blue eyes III find
The light of love-the light designed
To lead me DER the hills of night;
And God will smile; and doubts take
flight
When she comes home.
st. Louis Post-Dispatch.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-07-04

yond the realms of the Santa Fe sys-
tenn in the suggestion mat it conveys,
and one that may be the means of
bringing the big corporations of the
country and their countless employees
closer and closer together; and there
by make it easier for capital and labor
to adjust most amicably such differ
ences as are bound to arise between
them from time to time.
The Santa Fe, indeed, is the doer of
big things in a big way. And the
genius behind the Santa Fe gun, of
course, is Edward Payson Ripley, the
company's president, and now recog-
nized on all sides as one of the great
est of the corporate executives that
this country has produced; a man OF
large vision as well as of large
abilities.