The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-12-18
HOW WARS ARE ENDED.

and FRANK Josef, just rs the French
and Italian armies were in tho full
tide OF success. Victor Emmanuel
was forced to agree, and the terms OF
the armisuce were embodied In a
peace treaty.
The war between Prussia and Den
mark in 1884 came abruptly to an
end when the Danes learned that
neither England nor France would
help them. They dismissed their war
ministry from once and sent pro-
posals for a truce directly TO Berlin
and Vienna.
The terms Of peace between the
United States and the Confederacy
were arranged BY generals in the
field.
In the war between Austria, Prus-
STA and Italy in 1856. Franz Josef,
after his defeats at Koniggratz and
elsewhere, informed Napoleon III. of
his willingness to cede venetia to italy
and hts desire that Napoleon be me-
diator. Napoleon accepted. and Bis
marck drafted the terms and sent
them to Napoleon. who. as mediator.
accepted them. An armistioe fol-
lowed
In 1870 the French government
which succeeded Napoleon III. asked
first for an armistice, then for peace,
but the requests were declined. and
the siege Of Paris bagan. After the
surrender OF Paris, the Germans con-
scented to an armistsce to permit the
election of National Assembly which
It could recognise. The preliminarses
Of peace were agreed on between Bis
marck and Theirs at Versailles, and
the treaty followed at Frankfort.
The Russo-Turkish war was cut
short by Engiands threat to enter it.
Russia arranged an armistice immedf-
ately and negotiated the treaty of
gan stefano directly with Turkey.
England. backed by France and Aus
tria. refused TO recognize II, and the
Congress OF Berlin was summoned:
but before II met the Gear had nego-
hated secret treaty with England
embodyfng most of the agreements
subsequently, made there
China made two approaches TO
Japan while the war of 1894 was
going on. but through ENJOYS who had
no proper credentials, and Japan re-
fused to treat with them. When
China was wholly defeated and the
Japanese armies about 10 march on
Picking, the empire sent la Hung
Chang with proper credentials to
shimonoseki, and the treaty was at
once drawn MP
Russia put an end to the Turco-
Grecian war OF 1897 by perem ptorily
ordering an arnistice Just as the VIC
tor1ous Turks were marching on Gem
trail Greece.
The Spanish American war OF 1898
closed when Spain. on July 20. made
overtures TO the United States throash
Washington. Seventeen days later
the protoroo, was signed.
The Boer war ended In an unpre-
cedented way The members Of tho
TransvaAl government rode into Md
dleburg and requested to DO sent to
Lord Kitchener to arrange peace
terms with him. He met them, but
held that because Of the peculiar
character OF the Boer army tho men
in the ffe,d would have to be consulted
II any assurance Of peace was to he
given. steyn, De wet and Delarey
went to the commandos, explained
the situation TO them. and each body
in the Acid chose two delegates to
meet at Nereenising and decide the
/ matter by vote
President Roosevelt brought the
/ Russo-Japanese war to an end BY
/ sending, on June 3. 1908. icfentic dis
that they enter into peace negotia~
tons. Both accepted and sent en-
voys TO the United States to negotiate
the treaty Of Portsmouth.
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