davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1916-11-10
Hot-Air Furnace.

mace is produced which will heat tive
pr more rooms, one for each pipe.
Later improvements gave US the hot
water and steam systems; and these
now find some competition in the yapol
system.
A combination of hot air with either
hot water, steam or vapor, known as
combination system, is now often
used.
The outside of a stove becomes hot
from the fire within which heats the
air in contact with it. This air in turn
becomes lighter. rises, and is replaced
by cold air from below and at the
sides. This displacement of warm air
by cold air continues, and produces
currents. The room can be made
comfortable with a stove when it is
Lot too cold outside. If very cold out
sale, say ten degrees below, the cur
rent of air will become so cold while
passing down the cold walls that the
stove cannot heat the room comforta-
bly,.
A sheet iron jacket. with neither
top nor bottom, set UP from the floor,
will increase the rapidity Of air cir
culation, since only the air within
the jacket is heated. This air gets hot
ter and rises faster. thus making a
more rapid circulation and a more eff
fective heat.
A Furnace.
stove with a jacket, placed In the
cellar, becomes a furnace. A brick
wall may be substituted for the steel
jacket. A return hue through the
floor some distance from the furnace,
makes the system complete. Such a
scheme is used for many churches.
schools and assembly rooms. where the
basement can be used as a furnace
room.
When this furnace is set a little
lower in the ground and the neck
divided. into several small pipes. it
may be used TO heat several rooms.
Heat is conducted to the second-fioor
rooms by rectangular pipes set In the
walls between the studs. Over each
opening in the floor or walls is a
register of perforated cast iron.
In each pipe leading from a fur
mace is damper, so that any pipe
may be closed at will. There is a
return air duct. to be used when the
weather is too cold to allow the
heated and used air TO pass out OF
the house. The rooms are full OF air
at all times, and more air cannot be
forced into them by the small pressure
exerted by the warm air in the pipes
below. In order TO get this warm air
into the rooms way must be pro
vided for the cold air TO get out. This
Is done by means of a return air duct.
which may open into q chimney and
allow the air to pass oat; or under
the furnace and permit the air to be
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1916-11-10
By j. L. Moeuy
Uafversify Of Rfanesots

Y :: !: :: =: e: !. : :: :: :: !:
EARS Of progress have de-
NA veloped at least six styles
Nv of house-heating installa-
III tons, aside from the old
| iii fashioned first method,
IA the fireplace, where from
so to 90 per cent Of the
heat generated went up the chimney
where your shins roasted while your
back froze.
Real progress was made when the
CRATE fire was moved TO the center
of the room and incased in thin cast
iron or sheet iron, giving US the stove,
and increasing the radiating surface
200 per cent. At the same time the
size of the iue was reduced 70 per
cent, and the large loss of heat char
acteristic of the open-grate fire was
eliminated.
Another step was made when the
stove was moved to the cellar, and
jacket placed around 1t which opened
through the floor to the room above.
With the neck of this jacket divided
into two or more parts a hot-air fur
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1916-11-10

while filling the system, in order 10
let the air out, else the water cannot
get in. When water flows from the
valve 1t may be closed. This valve
should be opened from time TO time
after filing the system, to let out air
that has separated from the water and
gathered in the top OF the radiator.
The small chamber OF air will very
effectiv@ check the circulation
through -1- radiator and it will not
heat
The cost Of q hot-water system for
a six-room house will be about S275
or $500. It will cost about two-thirds
more than hot air, but hOt-air outfits
last only from TO years, with yearly
repairs, while the hot-water system
will last from three 10 six times as
long. with no expense or upkeep.
The cost OF a hot-water system will
be about $50 or $50 for radiators, S13O
for the heater, and about S65 for in
stallation. Any farmer who is at all
handy as a mechanic can do the work.
leaving S210 for the plant. compared
with S175 for hot air.
A hOt-air system may give reason
ably satisfactory results in small
buildings, but for large houses and
under most conditions either steam or
hot water is unhesitatingly recon-
mended. The higher cost Is more
than Offset. in few years. by a saw
ing Of fuel and better results.
Nothing has been said about steam
systems Little need be said. They
are like water systems in makeup, ex-
cept that the expansion tank is closed
There is no water in the radiators.
only in the heater. There is no cir
culatiOn until the water in the boiler
is boiling, and there is pressure in the
pipes and radiators. This pressure.
while not intended 10 be heavy. may
become so il not watched carefully.
This is impossible in the average
home. In the mill, factory. or large
hat building, there is reason for keep
ing a man on duty constantly. but not
so in the home.
By the process Of elimination. it can
safely be claimed that steam Is not
safe, and hot air is not satisfactory TO
any degree; while hOt water. not per-
feet because it costs too much. is the |
best system Of the three for heating a
home.
Combination System.
A combination SYSTEM combina- |
ton OF hot water and hot airs the |
ideal system. However. instead of /
using q standard hot-air furnace, with /
a coil in the fireb0x for heating the /
water (similar TO that used in a
kitchen range). IL is much better to
place a large radiator or a coil OF
pipe in a box in the cellar.
which is open TO the room above and
to the outside air. This system may
be installed at an additional cost OF
$50, and provides a fresh-air supply
at all times. Ii is claimed. and with
mach reason. that ventilation is not
necessary in the average house; that
he al In fis.N
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1916-11-10

heat can get through 10 FIRE the gases
as they diStin of from the new coal,
otherwise they are lost up the chin
ney. These gases burn clear and hot.
and form a large part of the coal.
Keep the CRATES clean and clear Of
clinkers. Use slice-bar. and pre-
vent tendency to cake at the bot
tom of the fire
Three instances Of firing came TO
notice recently, in houses Of nearly
the same size. The cost in one case
was SAT; in another. $50; and in the
third. S16 All the houses were warm
and comfortable at all times In one
the coal was fred. in the other twc
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1916-11-10
EASIEST INCOME FROM SHEEP
tabIishing FIock-Demand for
H.. Them Growing Stronger.

II has never been disputed that
sheep are of great value on the farm.
Some men who have had years Of
practical experience with sheep and
have raised a flock in connection with
other classes of live stock, declare that
they have derived the largest and
easiest income from sheep. From the
standpoint of profit they consider:
First the small sum of money required
for the establishment of a flock; sec
ond, the small expense incurred in
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1916-11-10

enough to meet all requirements, ez-
cept when an unusual number OF
people are present II is true that,
with an average winter wind blowing
at ten miles per hour. the air in the
rooms will change about every half
hour. This Is certainly all that Is
required for the average family. This
rate Of change can be increased so
per cent by opening q door to the sec
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1916-11-10
Vat for Dipping Hogs.

the hogs come up out of the dip. By
holding them on this incline for a few
minutes a great deal of the dip is
saved by running off them and into the
tank. The VAT proper is Is inches wide
at the bottom. "a inches wide at the
top and 4 feet deep. 1t is 10 feet
long.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1916-11-10
HOG-DIPPING VAT OF CEMENT
Tank Recommended by Wisconsin Ex-
pertinent Station Made With
Chute at Either End.

This is the cement constructed hog
dipping vat recommended by the Wis
consin experiment station. 1t has a
chute at either end. and there is
return drain apron at the end where
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1916-11-10

reheated and returned to
the room. When this Is
done the fresh-air duct
may be closed or partly
closed.
The burning Of the air
in order TO get heat suf-
hcient to warm the rooms,
limits the usefulness Of
this style Of heating to
small houses, and general
ly to one floor. To be sue
cessful, the furnace must
be large and the pipes
from so to 100 per cent
larger than are ordinarily
used.
Ali pipes, in cellar and
In walls, should be COW
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1916-11-10

heater only. as In a steam system.
The exhaustion OF the air makes il
possible TO produce steam at a tenn
perature as low as 125 degrees Fab
renheft, which means that small fire
Will produce results in few minutes.
because there are only few gallons
OF water in the heater. II Is virtually
tive devices as carefully adjusted and
attended as steam system. Further
more. leaks In the system will de-
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1916-11-10

There are several different
styles of house-heating plants
on the MARKET the cheapness
and convenience of (Which
make If unnecessary for farm
houses TO be Uahoa heat
ing system yhfch means
comfort for the household
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1916-09-23
MORTGAGE Foreclosure Sale

MOrtGa8e HOfeClOSufe Sale
payment Of the sum Of Sixty ($6o) in.
terest which became due April "a, 1915,
due Oct. "a, 1915. which is claimed to
be due and is due at the date OF this
notice upon certain Mortgage, duly
executed and delivered by John
stoeHar and "a AnHa StogKss his xfs.
gage. bearing date the Gath day Of
October 1914. and with a power Of sale
tnereln contained. duly recorded in the
o1tice Of the Register Of Deeds in and
Tor the County Of st. Louis and State
1SS oak Ill., III =, At rs O'clock in
And Whereas the said M. NJ. Hud-
son died on the 10th day Of March.
1915 leaving last will and testa-
ment and the undersigned Matilda Le-
nora nora Hudson and Theodore 7: Hudson
tatives Of her estate.
And Whereas. The duly qualified and
acting representatives Of the Estate Of
said N. M Hudson. are the Holders of
said Mortgage. and have duly elected
and do hereby elect to declare the
T %nols sn principe, sum Of said Mortgage
notice, under the terms and conditions
Of said Mortgage and the power Of sale
therein contained: and whereas there
IL actually due and claimed to be due
and payable at the date Of this notice
ne ne sum Of Fifteen Hundred Sixty and
dn n at the rate Of eight per cent
1915. and whereas the said power 81
sale has become operative, and no ac-
ton or proceeding hsvinE been insti-
st tut at law Or Other wise. to recover
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1916-09-23

STATE OF F M 1iSs %at co o6fST3' OF
st. Louis. SIS. In Probate Court
a II the Mstter OF the Estate of Thor
Thorwaid otterson and Tom otter
son. Decedent.
The Petition Of Andrew J. otterson
as representative of the above named
count Of sdministrstion Of said IS.
tate, having been filed in this court,
he has fully administered said estate
and praying that said final account
adjusted and allowed by the Court
and that the Court make and enter
it's final decree Of distribution Of the
residue Of the estate of said decedent
70 the persons entitled thereto. and
tive and the surettes. on his bond.
It Is Ordered; That said petition be
heard land said final account exam:
ined adjusted. and II correct, alloweJ
Rooms in tho Court House. 'i IN the ee City
Of Duluth in said County, on Mon
day the End day Of october. 1916, at
ten O'Clock A. NJ. and all persons In
terested in said hearing and in said
At said time ana place to show cause
should not be granted. ~
i Ordered Further. That this order be
served by publication in The Labor
Dated at Duluth, Mimi. September
BY the Court,
Attest; a 3: MOTION: 'o0a'''
(Seal Probate CT. ST. Louis Co. Mimi
14sIvs. sspt {. sc. g. 1916. -,
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1916-09-23

Summons.
STATE OF MINNESOTA, COUNTY OF
enth Judicial District.
Levi A. Stevens, Plaintiff,
Va.
Jennie Stevens, Defendant,
THE STATE OF MINNESOTA to the
above defendant:
Your are hereby summoned and re-
CURED to answer the complaint Of the
plaintiff in the above entitled action,
which complaint has been filed In the
Office Of the clerk Of said District Court
at the City Of Duluth, County Of st.
Louis, State Of Minnesota, and to serve
a copy OF your answer to the said COM
plant on the subscribers at their office,
Rooms '301-303 First National Bank
Building, in the City Of Duluth, in the
said County ana State, within thirty
$500 days after the service Of this sum-
mons upon you. exclusive Of the day of
such service: and If you fail to an
swer the said complaint within the
time aforesaid, the plaintiff in this ac-
ton will apply to the court for the re-
lief demanded in the complaint herein.
ANDREW NELSON and
JOHN CEDERGREN
Attorneys for Plaintiff,
301-303 First National Bank Bldg.
Residence 2611 e. 3rd st..
Duluth> Minnesota.
Dated August 18th, 1916.
L. w. Sept. 23-3O-Oct. 7-1916.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1916-09-23

Wheres a Gary Land. Co.. party OF
the first part; to the said contract. 10
by the terms Of said contract by. rea-
son Of said default entitled to- de-
clare g. forfeiture OF said contract. and
to declare the same wholly nuu and
Now, therefore. you are hereby mott.
fled at that unless payment Of the
amount in default aforesaid, is made
by you within thirty days after the
service Of this notice upon you, the
undersigned will thereupon declare the
said Contract forfeited and at an end;
and Will re-enter and take possession
Of the premises in said Contract
The amount you will be required to
pay to save the Contract from for
feiture Is the said sum Of One Hun
dred Dollars, together with interest
at six per cent per annum on Five
Hundred Sixty-eight 43/1O0 Dollars
thereof from this date to the date Of
payment.
The payment is to be made at the Of
flee Of the undersigned, No. 202 Pal
ladio Bldg. Duluth, MINI.
Upon payment being made, ~ above
mentioned. the said Contract will be
re-tnstated In good standing, and uoon
failure to make it. the undersigned will
thereupon forthwith declare said Con-
trait at an end.
Of P 2uss! i ,si Ruluth' Mnn' this soth day
GARY LAND COMPANY.
L. ". Sent. ,:,s1 3y 4; ": Kuehnow'
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1916-09-23

STATE OF MINNESOTA, COUNTY OF
st. Louis.-ss.s In Probate Court. e
In the Matter OF the Estate Of George
Robinson, Decedent.
Letters Of Administration this day
having been granted to Tillie NJ. Rob-
II Is ORDERED. That the time with
in which oil creditors OF the above
against his estate in this court; be. and
the same hereby il. limited to six
months from and after the date here
Of: and that the Goth day Of March
1917, at ten o'clock A. NJ. In the Pro-
bate Court Rooms at the Court House
at Duluth in said County, be, and the
same hereby ia. fixed and appointed as
the time and place for hearing upon the
examination: adjustment and allow
sented within the time aforesaid.
Let notice hereof be given by the
publication Of this order In The Labor
World az provided by law.
Dated, Duluth, Mimi. September 18th,
8. W. G1PrN,
Judge Of Probate.
(seal Probate Court. st. Louis Co..
L. W. Sept. %, 80, Oct :, 1916.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1916-09-23
70 debt secured by said Mortgage. or

the debt secured by said Mortgage. or
Now, Therefore. Notice ia Hereby
sas s IN rsi Of sss
pursuant to the statute in such case
made and provided. the said Mortgage
VIII be foreeiosed by e sale Of the
@ fess <ss5 of Eoes severn a7S
Eight (s), Nine (s) Ten. (10) and Elev.
en- I'll ana the easterly fifteen (l6l
Lot Six ne {C S ali in BloeE For ~ 20
(42> New Duluth. First Division ac-
cording to the recorded plat thereof.
the same being all Of that part Of Lots
Ten 10 S ans Eleven a'61 III sa S Block
thirty fixe ts}> FEET Of the 9 sseu X9
line of Grand Avenue and within one
erly line Of First Avenue West in said
Division in st. Louis County and State
of Minnesota, with the hereditaments
n made BY the sheFitf ct! Ct said st. Louis
Court House, in The city Of T., Duluth .I in =,
said ana On me sta day
That s s$y a;A eablie !XendSs to The heS
est bidder for cash. to pay said debt
Of Fifteen Hundred sixty Dollars. and
interest. and the taxes, + any. on said
tes na as Ss ana
said Mortgage in case Of foreclosure,
and the disbursements allowed by law;
subject to redemption at any time
within one year from the day of sale,
- Dated stea'q septembef 18th, A. D. 1916.
Matilda Lenora Hudson, Executrix,
and Theodore T. Hudson. Executor Of
the estate Of M. M. Hudson. Mort
R6 SEER; JACQUES,
L. L. W. v Sept %. 80. Oct. Z. "A. p, 20 1916
STATE or MINNESOTA. COUNTY OF
st. Louis.-SS. In Probate Court.
In the Matter Of the Estate Of cyrus
NJ Whiting, Decedent.
Letters OF admlnlstratlon TINS QaS
having been granted to John w. Com
II IS ORDERED. That the time
within which all creditors OF the above
named decedent may present claims
tie same hereby is. limited to six
Of; and that the 18th day of March,
1917. at ten o'clock A. M, IN the Pro-
bate Court Rooms at the Court House
same hereby Is. fixed and appointed
as the time and place for hearing upon
the examination, adjustment and al
lowance of such claims all shall! De
presented within the time aforesaid:
publication Of, this order in Tho La
Dor World as provided by law.
Dated. Duluth, Mimi, September
S. w. G1LPIN
Judge Of Probate.
(seal Probate Court. st. Louis Co.
L. W. Sept. 1s-2s-so-1s1s.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1916-09-23

ter; Of the Southwest quarter (SWA
g Tovesship sixty:T1ioqE 60: North; q
hslf Of the Southeast quarter wv Of
SEQ Of Section Nineteen (1s), and
VET half q the Northeast quarter
s. e s s$ssss4 sSs:!sF &
sRs Noe aasxssr qSSaWstSf o.
S To*&2.nip rS az, Nss IL
Range Seventeen q17j. West; also
ss s! %N% SSz & sw&SS q ?G ssstten
sn Ct sE & s tns
wv Of sE&, Of s Section Five IS.
81 S ri hs Sec
fegr {s4}. North. OF Range EiEhteen
dred twenty 55SeS acres mo more or or less.
according to the United states Govern
ment Survey thereof;
Ehesf b Sd for cash. Sy the e sher
If Of said County Of St. Louis, TO sat-
isfy the amount which shall then be
aas Ga The sand saa Of t Sost.
the amount stipulated in said mort
gage to be paid as attorneys fees, in
case Of the foreclosure thereof. and
said sale will be made at the sheriffs
office In the Court House In said
county Of St Louis. IN the city Of Dt-
luth. and State of Minnesota, at ten
o'clock in the forenoon on the 10th day
of October, A.. D. 1916. the said prem
Uses being subject to redemption from
such sale for one year after the date
Dated st. Paul. Minnesota. August
j. A. fictitious COMPANY,
Mortgage.
BY E. M. MERRICK,
Secretary.
O'Brien, Young & Stone,
Attorneys for MortgaEee.
524 Endicott Building,
st. Paul.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1916-09-23
G John NJ. Jepperson. Sank Centre,

~ Jonn N. Jepperson, Sauk centre,
ing was made and entered into be-
tween cHe Gary Land Go. party Of the first
pert part. and you. John N. Jeppsrson. as
day OF November. A. D. 1915. under and
by the terms Of which contract the
said party of the first part contracted
and agreed to sell to you. the said
by you of certain sums of money. and
the performance Of certain conditions,
the followinE described Lot. .to-wit:
LOT F Titsf l5> B1Sek TWENTY, three.
ing situated in the County Of st. Louis.
whereas. default has been made by
you, the said party Of the second part
conditions Of the said contract. in this,
to wit: Having failed to make pay
ments for the months Of January, Feb
a na5y Merf fe hRy Nay oS } Sai
whereas. Gary Land Company, party
Of Of tn the first part. to the said contract.
rsas Dy the Ter terms Of satd +t
clare a forfeiture Of said contract, and
to declare the same wholly null and
Now. therefore, you are hereby noti-
amount in default aforesaid. is made
by you within thirty days after the
service Of this notice upon you. the
undersigned will thereupon declare
the said Contract forfeited and at an
end; and will re-enter and take DOS
fesetoa OF TIE premises in said Con-
The amount You will be required to
pay to save the Contract from for
feiture 10 the said sum Of Sixty-five
Dollars, together with interest at six
per cent per annum on Six Hundred
Seventy-two- .76/100 Dollars thereof
from this date to the date Of payment.
The payment ts to be made at the
office 81 the undersigned. No. 202 Pal
>ladto Bldg, Duluth, MINI.
Upon payment being made. as above
mentioned. the said Contract will be
re.instated In good standing. and upon
failure to make it. the undersigned
will thereupon forthwith declare said
Contract at an end.
Dated at Duluth. MIMI, this 30th day
of June, 1916.
GARY LAND COMPANY.
By A.. w. Kuehnow,
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1916-09-23
Sheriff's Execution Sale.

Under and by virtue Of an Execution
issued out Of and under the seal OF the
District Court Of the State Of Minne-
sofa. in and for the Eleventh judicial
the 26th day Of August. 1915 upon a
Judgment rendered and docketed in
said ailo Court and County in an action
Plaintiff and Wladyslaw Ho1nackt
alias Walter Hojnacki was Defendaa at.
in favor. of said Plaintiff and against
said Defendant for the sym sym Of t. TShrse
Dollars. and IS cents Increased costs
which said execution has to me. al
sheriff Of said st. Louis County, been
duly directed and delivered, have
Cn 10 tRSs and w cs ss St
Sheriffs Office In the Court House, in
St. Louis. on Wednesday the 18th day
forenoon Of that day. ali the right.
title and interest that the above named
Judgment debtor had in and to the
2sth day; Of May 1915, that being the
date Of levy made under writ OF At
tachment. August 26th. 1915 being the
date of rendition Of said judgment. or
sy Of fe Msy q h seeu snie h r.. 2Sh
sscription Of the property being as fol-
1 Icy to.wit: Let one ~ block three
ing to the recorded plat thereof on file
and of record in the office Of the Reg
lstrar of Titles in and for st. Louis
County. Minnesota in Volume 43 Reg
lister Of Titles on page 1856 as evidenced
by Certificate Of Title Number 1895.
Dated, Duluth, Mimi, Aug. 26. 1916.
JOHN. R. MEINING,
Sheriff st. Louis County, MINI.
BY v. A. Dash,
Deputy.
c. G. TEARE.