davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-07-30

the engineers brotherhood was $4,000.
but was increased to $1,000 some time
before his death. He lived economic
ally, bought unimproved real estate
with his savings and thus amassed
fortune. Also he was elder In the
Presbyterian church.
The character he gave to the engi-
neers was the same that he established
through a long life for himself. He
was wise. shrewd. silent and grave.
So was his brotherhood Nor has it
changed under Stone in these respects.
Conditions in business. however. are
not the same as formerly. And now
the engineers, in the matter of hours
and pay. have gone into partnership
with other but allied interests.
we keep out of entangling
alliances" Mr. Stone said to me on one
occasion, and are sometimes con-
SO on. but we reply: Look at our re-
suits. We should often be In trouble
II. for example. we were to refuse to
haul unfair goods or the products
mills where there are strikes. Wages
and conditions of the engineers are
constantly being bettered and conse-
duently we point to our achievements
as the justification of our policy"
Because of his brotherhood and his
personality, Mr.. Stone is, perhaps, the
most conspicuous man in the contest
now going on among the railroad man
ayers ana thelr employees. He Is nfty-
six years old and is gray-eyed, tall
and muscular. His father owned a
large farm in Iowa. Although his
brothers were brakemen, having been
lured from the family estate when
corn hardly paid for the husking, he
intended to be lawyer.
The wages of the brothers, however,
paid in cash monthly. seemed fabulous
to boy whose pockets were always
empty. Starving lawyers. too. resided
in the community There were prac-
tical reasons, therefore. why Warren
Stone ceased to be a student and turn
ed fireman. In four years and six
months he had an engine. He pulled
freights. local and through. and pas
senger trains regular and special, for
twenty years on the Rock Island sys-
tenn.
Il was in a few minor accidents," he
said to the writer of this article. but
In no case through any fault OF my
own. I ran over thirteen persons in a
single year, however. but was not
to blame for those accidents. either.
The thirteen were on the track.
Tho teF1osD Of an engineers life
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-07-30

are the persons who use the railroads
as A highway and the farmers who
whip up and try to get over the cross
ing ahead of the engine. good many
Of the latter stand in their buggies or
wagons. look like wild men around
the eyes and lay on the lash, yelling
at their horses. meanwhile. The next
moment they are under the wheels Or
in tree and, if not a tree, in field,
along the right-of-way."
Pop" Leach. as he was called, OF
Joshua A. Leach, as he was known
formally, boosted to the author of
this article that Chief Stone described
William S. Carter as the strongest
personality in the whole railroad push.
Possibly Pop" was prejudiced and
misunderstood stones language. Pop
organized theL firemen's brotherhood
forty-three years ago. He and ten
others-nve of whom were dressed
up" and five of whom had coal dust on
their hands and faces-sat on nail
kegs in an upholstered room at Port
Jervis. N. Y, and agreed to form
fraternal society of locomotive firemen.
Pop" belonged to the Odd Fellows and
had their plan OF money BENEFITS in
mind when he and his ten companions
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-07-30

at the close of the war and went to
live on a farm fifteen miles from Aus
tin, Tex. Her husband had ranches
elsewhere and owned 1000 head of
cattle.
ct lived with cows" Mr.. Carter said,
from the time | was nine until | was
eighteen years old, but ! gen. to school
three months in The winter Our four
room log house had port holes under
the roof from which, with our rifles,
we beat off the Comanche Indians who
regularly tried to steal our horses"
At the age of eighteen, Carter was
employed to tidy up ranch that
was owned by a man named Baker.
The work was done so well that Baker
made Carter general manager of his
tramway, over which lumber was haul
ed from his sawmills to the railroad.
seven miles distant. The ties were
slabs and the rails narrow scantlinas
A loaded train consisted of one car,
three mules, hitched tandem and a ne
gro driver. armed with a blacksnake
whip. There was a harmful of draft
animals and black hostlers.
The pay of Carter was 500 a month
But his thoughts were with the locomo-
tives that he saw at the railroad sta
ton. So he became fireman and then
an engineer. He wrote articles for the
brotherhood magazine and delivered
speeches at conventions. Seven years
ago the firemen made him their presi-
dent. He is fftyseven years old. The
big railroads, even in normal times, he
says, make barrels of money and,
therefore, the flremen, he thinks, should
have an eight-hour work day and a
generous increase in their wages.
Chief Garretson of the conductors
brotherhood is six feet and two inches
in stature. Men who know him inti-
mately say that he is an accurate
thinker, a skilled analogist, philoso-
pher a materialist and a sentimental
list He likes to give a poetical touch
to his speeches and his writings and.
although he is not religious man,
reads the Bible at his home, in his Of
fee and often on his travels.
The Bible, he says. covers the whole
range of human experiences and is the
safest of all guides, regardless of cir
cumstances or centuries. He was a
conductor for many years on the Mis-
souri,, Kansas and Texas railroad. and
for some time ran passenger trains in
Mexico.
The conductors, respecting his ear
nestness and ability, jumped him over
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-07-30

balance beam, simple device which
affords opportunity for endless diver
sion. The little children are always
eager for ring games, and never seem
to tire of such old favorites as Farmer
in the DELL Drop the Handkerchief
and London Bridge"
Once a week instruction in dry swim
ming is given by Mr.. Fred Drummer,
ries into practice at the municipal
pools. Every muscle in these little
bodies is brought into play. small limbs
grow sturdy, pale checks acquire a
glow of health and minds grow alert
and steady as better coordination be-
tween brain and body is achieved. Nor
are these the only benefits derived. for
such sports teach lessons of forbear-
ance and courtesy that will stay with
the children always.
Every effort is made to encourage
neatness and care in the use of the
playground equipment. At many of
the grounds are pretty gardens. which
the children tend. Amusing questions
are often asked concerning them. One
serious minded little girl recently
wanted to know who planted the very
first seed.
During the hottest part of the day
the Fairgrounds are deserted. but by
5 o'clock the children are back again,
ready for folk dancing. games and
other delightful amusements until 8.
Interesting stories hold them SPELL
bound. especially when graphically IL
Illustrated with blackboard drawings.
Many of these stories are afterward
dramatized by the children. who never
tire of playing the part of a dreadful
troll, with eyes as big as saucers and
a nose as long as your arm or some
equally awe-inspiring character from
fairyland.
Weekly entertainments. to which
parents and friends are invited. are
planned for with great enthusiasm
Little plays are enacted in costumes
made by the children. AT the Johnson
Powell playground an interesting play
called The Echo" was recently given,
also a little play from the story of
THE Honest Woodcutter," dramatized
by one of the children. Miss Smith.
who has studied pageantry at Dart
mouth. is adept in organizing attractive
entertainments. and the lawn of the
Johnson School. with it's picturesque
background of shrubbery. furnishes an
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-07-30

sat on the nail kegs in the candle light
'Firemen in those days., he said to
the writer, received $40 a month. If
one of them met with an accident or
died, the hat was passed. l wanted to
end that disgrace. Our only object IN
organizing was to help one another in
time of stress We never once thought
of strikes or boycot.s"
Looked on as aE agitator, neverthe-
less, Leach, who had been a soldier in
the civil war, lost his JOB and had TO
go west, where he was an engineer for
years on the Missouri Pacific and tn.
Burlington railroads, His order grew
and spread all over the United States.
1t is now known as the Brotherhood of
Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen. In
the main, it is composed of firemen. The
engineers in the mem bership. once fire
men, have continued their connection
with the order
Carter. the chief. is short ard thin
and wears spectacles. His nose is turn
ed up slightly; his jaw is warliks.
When he is sitting, some part of his
body, either his head, a hand or a
foot, is in motion constantly. HIS faith
er, a Confederate soldier. vas killed at
vicksburg. The mother married again
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-07-30

and book shelves. Last year a chest,
inlaid in rosewood and white mahog-
any, was made here. The younger
boys construct book racks footstools,
backing boxes and tabourets, and
one little fellow is hard at work on a
miniature submarine. Some pieces of
playground apparatus, such Is balance
beams and tether poles, are also made.
Hammock making is a popular indus
try at all of the Fairgrounds, the more
ambitious children lining their ham
mockS with canvas.
At the Henry playground fascinating
work is being done in garden decora-
lions. The boys love to carve and paint
the colored birds and construct the
dainty trellis work. There, too. unique
industry has been started, directions
for which were lately published in The
Star. The children are making cur
tains from paper beads. These beads
are made of pieces of wall paper or
sewers of magazines, cut into strips
and rolled into elongated beads. The
latter are then secured with paste and
vanished. and when strung on lengths
of fish cord the result is a strikingly
original drapery.
Boys at the Morgan School are max
ing a dplls house for the children at
Camp GAod Will, to he equipped with
miniature furniture of their own con-
struction. They are also making in
teresting j{g-saw puzzles.
Kite making. rope splicing and chair
Gaming ara other accomplishments
taught, and both boys and girls do
very artistic basketry work. This
year a new Mind of basketry has been
introduced, tk replace the old reed
work which hhs become expensive be-
cause of the War. The material used
is crepe luster paper. This is twisted
into ropes, woven on wire frames, then
shellacked, and the results are often at
tractive. Little candlesticks. lamps.
sandwich trays. flower vases and scrap
baskets are made in this way. Raffia,
sweet grass and splints are also made
into baskets and trays.
The girls industrial work is quite as
varied and interesting as that of the
boys All kinds of crochet work are
popular. the little girls making worsted
caps and baby sacks. while the older
ones make lace in Venetian, filet and
Irish crochet. All kinds of embroidery
are to be seen, from the simplest cross
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-07-30

sport. merry shouts arise in another
corner of the playground. where leap
frog race is in progress. Madly the
youngsters vault over the backs Of
their companions. The lucky winner
struts proudly. until he forgets his
laurels in the excitement of determin-
ing the next game. One clamors for
Three Deep" another for Bull in the
Ring" while a score or more are all
for a game of base ball and adjourn to
the nearby diamond Then for the
formality of choosing up and the
game is soon under way. Some of those
who are left behind devote themselves
to quoits, and some to tennis or VOL
ley ball, while tether ball is always
popular with boys and girls alike. One
agile youngster is doing stunts on the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-07-30

stitch work to elaborate French and
eyelet embroidery. Towels are deco
rated with Swedish weaving. and hem
stitching is another simple and effec-
tive kind of needlework which is
taught.
One is impressed with the enthusiasm
of the children for all of this industrial
work. They delight in accomplishing
such tangible results, and the teacher,
who untangles the most obstinate
knots and readily solves difficult prob
lens of construction. becomes the OBJ
ject of boundless admiration.
In speaking of school Fairgrounds
one must not forget to mention the
coaching schools connected with them.
These were an innovation last year.
and have proved very popular. They
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-07-30

THIRTY Public Fairgrounds Various Dstow
Charge Made
NnessNew Folk Dancing Weekly
Music the Coaching ShoThee Fairgrounds Have Pools
Kindergrtens
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-07-30

side surrenders or is chased off the
field of battle. Compromises. in his
view, rarely settle a controversy in
which vital principles are at stake. He
is self-confident, and those about him
must take orders if they hope to re-
main in his presence and profit by his
favor.
Born at La Prairie. Ill. ifty-seven
years ago, and educated at the public
schools. he was employed as brake
man and conductor on the Atchison.
Topeka and Santa Fe; the Wabash. the
Missouri Pacific and the Union Pacific
railroads. and also was the deputy
recorder of deeds in Ford county. Kan.
Lees predecessor as grand master Of
the Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen
was Patrick Henry Morrissey, who
looked and dressed like banker and
talked like a lawyer with large
practice among men Of business. Nor
rissey is now assistant to the presi-
dent of one of the greatest railroads in
the United States. Just out of the
high school at Bloomington, Ill, he
went into the roundhouse of the Chi
cago and Alton as call boy. He be-
came a brakeman and then a conductor
on freights
1t is said that Mr.. Morrissey did
more than any one else to make brak-
ing on railroads a serious, responsible
and desirable occupation. When I
was a brakeman" he said to the
writer land some misfortune overlook
a poor fellow while he was on the
roof or between the cars collection
was taken up all along the line. Char
ity fed him while he was In bed or
buried him il he died.
"Brakemen had no standing as citi-
zens nor rights as workmen. Now in
the little railway centers of the coun-
try brakemen are property owners and
members of churches and lodges and
are even public officers here and there
If brakeman is not respected in these
days by the community in which he
lives 1t is his own fault"
Although he does not take any Of
the credit to himself for the change
that occurred among brakemen as :
class, it is well understood that .
Morrissey actually was responsible
bringing 1t about "A labor union, II
an individual or a business enterprisa
he said. in his talk previously REFER
to. will stand or fall on it's record !:
intelligence. common sense and char
acter"
Mr.. Lee was Morrissey's first vice
president for fourteen years and has
held the brotherhood together since he
has been at the head of the organiza-
ton in the face of serious dificulties.
plished the task.
Years ago switchmen in large rail-
road yards formed what they called a
Mutual Aid Society. Switchmen in
small yards. however. either remained
with or Joined the brotherhood of
brakemen. The Mutual Aid Society.
went on the rocks and was succeeded
by the Switchmen's Union. which has
always had more or less trouble with
the Brotherhood of Trainmen over
what Is technically known as proper
Copyright 1915. by James B. Morrow.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-07-30

CTONE of the the Fnen Lee Of
- the Baemen All Have Accomplished Railway
Was
Orgnzed-What Hopes O Accomplish
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-07-30

admirable setting for these dramatic
ventures.
At the Langdon Fairgrounds is a de-
1ightful natural grove, recently the
scene Of an entertai.n ent for the ben
eft Of that playground. A little play
called THE Gooseherd and the COLLINS
was enacted and three pretty German
folk dances were executed by the chill
dren. This ground is different from
the others in that the hours are from
$3.50 to 2:30. Little people come from
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-07-30

remarkable results are achieved in the
field. The work at the John
SON. Powell School is particularly inter
esting. There one finds the only car
pentry shop connected with the play
grounds, under the direction of E. J.
Dakin Many useful things are made
at this shop. the older boys construct
ing difficult pieces of furniture. One
boy of fifteen is copying A Puritan ma
hogany work table, while another is
making a library table with a drawer
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-07-30

are intended primarily for children who
have been promoted on trial or have
failed in one subject, and children who
are trying to skip a grade. The SEES
sion is for three hours a day and the
classes are limited to twenty-five pu-
pills. At the Morgan School there is a
waiting list of more than the number
enrolled. Some of the lessons are
studied out of doors. the children doing
much of the quizzing. These schools
are located at the Morgan. Force, Wal
lachTowers, INSTRUMENTATION. John
son-Powell, Magruder, Gliding and
Jackson.
Unfortunately the Fairgrounds and
coaching schools are open for only six
weeks, which pass by all too soon and
leave the weary mothers once more
confronted with the problem of some
thing to do, unless. as is happily often
the case, they live near one of the
municipal Fairgrounds, which are open
from March l to December 81. These
Fairgrounds are supported entirely by
appropriations from Congress. The
largest is the Rosedale playground. at
18th and Kramer streets northeast,
where Hawley Smith is director
and Miss Pearl Robinson assistant.
Other Fairgrounds are the New York
avenue playground. at LIST street and
New York avenue northwest, with Mrs.
Dapray as director; the Mount Pleasant
playground, at 14th street and Park
road, with Miss Katherine Kali as di-
rector; the Georgetown playground, at
33d and Volta streets, with Miss Elva
Whitcomb as director and Mr.. Donald
son as assistant; the Gallinger. at 18th
and streets northwest. with Miss
Katherine Whitcomb as director: the
Bloomingdale, at 1st and Bryant streets
northwest. with Miss Randolf Living
ston as director and Miss Elizabeth
Penny as assistant: the Virginia ave-
nue. playground, at 18th street and Vir-
ginia avenue southeast. with Miss Ma
bel Towner as director; Garfield Park,
at I'd street and Virginia avenue south
east. with Miss Maud Parker as di-
rector. The three colored Fairgrounds
are the Howard. at 5th and w streets
northwest, with A. H. Underdown as
director; the Cardoza, at LIST and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-07-30
RING GAMES AT HENRY SCHOOL

RING GAMES AT HENRY SCHOOL.
some distance we'll provided with
luncheons to be eaten picnic fashion in
the grove.
Many of the Fairgrounds are equip
ped with talking machines which fur
nish music for folk dancing and mod
ern dancing as we'll
But the Fairgrounds are not entirely
for play. although much that seems
work from the grown-up point of view
is pure delight to the children. Aside
from the social and athletic activities,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-07-30

entered a college near the town where
he lived.
The Quaker parents of Garretson
hoped that he would study for the
ministry. Lee was educated at the
public schools Carter carried books
on his saddle when n" was a cowboy on
the southwestern p'sirs. The salary
Of Stone is $4,000 yer. His brother
hood owns a fourteen-Gtory Office
building in Cleveland. The New York
Central railroad is one OF it's tenants
1t was the policy of Peter VI. Arthur
whom Stone succeeded in 1903 to keep
the engineers clear of all labor unions
Arthur made the engineers famous and
successful. This he accomplished by
minding his own business. The boy
colts and strikes of others were Of
no interest to him
stone fell heir. to all OF Arthur's
policies. John F. Ensign. when chief
Of the national inspectors Of locomo-
tive boilers. told me Of business call
mat Arthur made on railroad presi-
dent. Ensign went along. During the
conversation the railroad president
SAID with a trace Of contempt in his
words ~ our object. seemingly, is to
establish an aristocracy of labor"
II persuading men to pay their
DEBTS. Arthur answered quietly and
with dignity. TO keep away from sa-
looms to become taxpayers. to be good
citizens and to understand their re-
sponslbilitfes as heads of families
means that we are trying to form an
aristocracy of labor. then the Brother
hood Of Locomotive Engineers pleads
guilty"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-07-30

the heads of other officers in their
brotherhood and elected him first vice
president. that he might become the
chief of their order if Edgar E. Clark
should die. resign or engage in some
other business When Mr.. Clark be-
came member of the interstate COM
merce commission MIR. Garretson, by
the letter of the program. was chosen
to be his successor.
Clark, too. was formerly a conductor
in the west. President Job Adolphus
Edison of the Kansas City Southern
full, capable and reliable conductor
whom he has ever known. He watched
his train from the engine to the rear
platform of the last car, and when it
was in siding, he stood on the ground.
eyes and ears open, until he got a sig
nal that the track was clear and that
he could go ahead. No brakeman was
ever permitted to do the work that the
book of rules said that Clark should
do himself.
These two men, Clark and Garretson,
sat in the same room. side by side. for
number of years. Clark. going to
Chattanooga to address the f1remen's
brotherhood. met President Roosevelt.
He spoke without notes, and was so
sensible, we'll informed and logical that
Col. Roosevelt. who was present, put
him on the board of arbitration during
the anthracite coal strike, and later
gave him the high ONCE he now holds.
much like Stone of the engineers in
vigor, courage and temper. He 10 q
man. and holds that no contest
is ever really ended for good until one
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-07-30

The delegates. however. did not need
the tonic of MIR. stones virile presence
nor the fervor aroused by Mr. Garrett
sons eloquence. They favored the coaIi-
ton and left Washington at the end
OF several weeks proud Of the unwrii-
ten treaty that made them part Of
the powerful aristocracy of labor built
up, after many years Of diplomacy and
brilliant endeavor. by Peter NJ Arthur
The firemen. as they sat in their con-
Eention. looked like young merchants
bankers and manufacturers They had
come from Texas and Massachusetts,
from Philadelphia and CHEYENNE. but
ali we're prosperous, alert and intelli-
gent and a great many OF them were
excellent debaters and public speakers
Departing for their homes. they knew
that battle was brewing the four
leaders of the four brotherhoods. they
understood. would decide the day and
the manner of its Inauguration
The leaders then-and they are the
leaders nowhere Mr.. Stone Mr. Gar
retson, Mr.. Carter and William Gran
Vile Lee, president of the Brotherhood
OF Railway Trainmen. The word train
brakemen and switchmen. So in 1913
for the first time in their history as
unionists. railway engineers conduct
ors, fremen and brakemen were brought
into close working relations with one
another. and under generals and con-
tract makers of proved vigor and abil-
ity.
The chiefs of the four brotherhoods
are western men and all are native
Americans. Mr.. stone and Mr. Garrett
son we're born in Iowa, Mr.. Lee In
illinois and Dir Carter N Texas. stone
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-07-30

Arthur. Scotchman by birth and an
engineer on the New York Central
railroad for many years. died a
wealthy man. His salary as chief Of