davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Bisbee daily review., 1916-12-15
Bottled UnderSea In Submarine .S.SailorsEscabe eWateryDeath
 While Deadly Gases Sweeb Craft
f . s :t | < MILLION MORE MEN CALLED BY ENGLAND.

LONDON, Dec. IA supple !
 s mentary estimate issued today ! provides for an additional one ! E million men of all ranks for the 2 army service during the present ! s fiscal year. The original esti- ! s mate was for four million men. ! 4 | < < $ a < <: xx |
Bisbee daily review., 1916-12-15
Rope From California Shore Saves Twenty-Six, Trapped Like Mice on Sandy Bottom of Pacific Shore. STRIKES SAND PIT
 IN BLINDING FOG All Day Long Little Craft Is Tossed About By Terrific Storm, Til Wave Posses It Up Near Shore.
(By Review Leased Mirel


 EUREKA. California. Dec. 14. - Five of the crew of the U g. sub
 n.arine H-3 which has been pound
 ing in the surf north of here
 since dawn today with twenty
 six men imprisoned in it, were
 brought ashore on brooches
 buoy al five o'clock tonight.
 The i've were followed ashore
 within an hour by the remaining
 nineteen men of the crew and the two officers.
 Ship Undamaeed
 Lieutenant H. R. Bogusch. com manding the H-3, reported that his vessel was lying on a sandy bottom. had been closed up water tight, and probably could be refoated with min or damage.
 Of the crew all escaped injury save two. One named Blabon, suffered three smashed fingers; man named Anderson had his hand hurt.
 Commander w. R Howe of the mother ship Cheyenne. photographed the navy yard at Mare Island for a tug to proceed here immediately to aid in salvage attempts.
 Gas Nearly Fatal
 Some chlorine gas had been liber- ated during the day. Lieutenant Bog usch said, from the submarines bat tery, but his men had not suffered greatly therefrom.
 Dense Fog Does it
 In a dense fog the H-3 struck a sand spit early today while cruising down the coast from Puget Sound on her way to the Mare Island navy yard in San Francisco Bay. She was ac- companied by the U. s. S. Cheyenne and the submarines HI and H-2. Of ficers of the Cheyenne said they be- lieved that the accident was caused by the engines of the H-3 becoming disabled.
 Commander w. B. Howe of the Cheyenne, directing the rescue work on shore. said the men had been able to keep alive by crowding beneath the coming tower for air, in this way es caping the chlorine gas fumes from the batteries.
 The H-S is ashore just outside the entrance to Humboldt Bay. Lieut.. Bogusch is in command of the H-S with Lieutenant E.. F. Zemke second in command.
 As Feather in Wind
 All day until the sea swept the frail little craft further backward to a steadier position, the men of the H-3 bottled up in the hull, were rat tied around like nuts in a barrel. One lonely figure stuck to the bridge until the beating of the great breakers be gan heeling the submarine over and back, it's coming tower pounding the sandy bottom of the surf. Then he the matches were batten- ed down and crew and officers-twen- ty-six in all, were inside their bottle boat
 Vain Calls For Help
 Watchers ashore could hear faintly above the grinding and road of the breakers the short ''toot. toot, toot" of the divers air whistle. dying away as the air supply was exhausted. A
 Continued on Page Two)
Bisbee daily review., 1916-12-15
R. R. RATES FROM DAWSON
 NOT TO BE INCREASED

WASHINGTON, Dec. 14.-Proposed increases of from one to thirty cents per ton on coal over southwestern carriers from Dawson, N. NJ, to Texas points were suspended by the inter- state commerce commission today un- til April IA, pending investigation.
Bisbee daily review., 1916-12-15
U. s. Gets Peace Note.

sent2tlNeS or all or the oelligerentS should be proposed for a general dis cussion of an approach to a basis for peace. German officials here repeat edly have expressed their conviction that once having gone that far. the movement would result in an actual peace conference. The conviction of the allied diplomats, on the other hand. is that Germany's terms. as out lined by the German embassy here and as indicated by the tenor of the German chancellor's speech. are such that discussion would be fruitful of no conclusion. But before approaching that stage. they seem to agree that an inquiry to the central powers for more Information of their proposal would be proper and that it will de velop together for the next step
 J. P. Morgan. head of the financial agents of the allies in this country, consulted today with the British am- hassador. Sir Cecil Spring-Rice. and the French ambassador Jules Jusser- and. It was said his visit was a con sequence of his recent conference in Europe with King George and some of the British statesmen. Inasmuch as his engagement with the two ann bassadors was made several days ago. the conference. it was declared. obvi- ously was not brought about by the peace proposals.
 Wilson To Assist
 So far as was known the Presidents attitude remained undisclosed to any of his advisors. but the belief grew stronger that if in forwarding the pro- pOsals the American government did not accompany them with more than formal note of transmission. it prob ably later in some way would indicate its interest in having peace discus sions established as soon as possible. Meanwhile the American diplomats in the entente allied countries will be expected to keep the government in- formed on official views.
 Defines Opponents
 The German note asked that the United States be SO good" as to send it on to France. Great Britain. Japan, Russia. Serbia and Rumania-
 The Austrian note asks the United States to transmit to the same na- tiOns as the German note. except that Belgium was substituted for Rumania.
 That Japan was included was noted as proving that Austria considers her self at war with the island empire. Some time ago when the United States issued neutrality proclama- tion to that effect the Japanese ann bassador protested. but on presenta- ton of the reasons. let the matter drop.
 The Turkish note was expected dur ing the night and was expected to re- quest transmission to France, Great Britain and Japan, where the United States has taken over Turkish inter ests. No note expected for trans mission from Bulgaria as the United States has not taken over Bulgarian interests anywhere. The notes, in be- ing answered. will go over different course in many cases. as often the United States represents belligerent in an enemy country which has not
 (Continued on Page Three)
Bisbee daily review., 1916-12-15
(By Review Leased Wirel

NEW YORK, Dec. 14.-The views of General Carranza regarding the ratifi- eaton of the protocol signed at Allan tic City by the Mexican-American joint commission were submitted by Alber- to J. Pani. here today. to Luis CabrGra. chairman of the Mexican commission. and Mexican Ambassador Designate Arredondo. MT. Pani arrived here yes terday from Queretaro where he went to place the ageement before Carranza for his ratification.
 It was inferred that publication of until after the next session of the joint commission.
Bisbee daily review., 1916-12-15
<: <. < f # j. f p. D. PAYS EXTRA t DIVIDEND OF S1o.

NEW YORK, Dec. 1.-The Phelps-Dodge company. copper s producers. today declared an ex-
 s tra dividend of S10 a share in E addition to a quarterly dividend of s250 a share. Three months ago an extra dividend of S5.50 a share was declared.
 ,s x |. i, 4 < < < < 4 S Il
Bisbee daily review., 1916-12-15
k E DANISH VOTE FAvORS
 SALE OF ISLES TO U. s.

COPENHAGEN. Dec. 15.-(Via London)-The plebiscite held yesterday on the question of the sale of the Danish West Indies to the United States resulted in 1000 votes cast in favor of the sale and 157.000 against such ac- tion.
Bisbee daily review., 1916-12-15
PRESIDENT NOW HOPEFUL OF LENDING
 HELPFUL HAND IN BRINGING WAR TO OSE
Amstce May Be Effected Farley Progresses Without Per- mitting Germany to Recoup Food Supplies and Switzerland Also Are Aiding America in Difficult Task of Persuading Belgerants to Quit
(By Review Leased Wire.)

WASHINGTON, Dec l4-Anival of both the German and Austrian and broad nmaons the entente allied embassies that the proposals of the Central powers would not be ay rejected without examination the outstand ing developments here today in the peace movement
 U. s. Gets Peace Note.
 Germanys note substantially the as the published texts arrived by cable the early hours of the morning and just as the state department closing for the day. Ausra note arrived Secretary Lansing said identical with ermanys and that neither contained any change meaning from the semi-ofhcial versions.
 It was stated officially that neither Gernanys nor Aus ra note would be formed before tomorrow if indeed then and there indication that the President had made up his mind what action any, he would take in transmitting the Central Power proposals the Entente beigerents
Bisbee daily review., 1916-12-15

< COPENHAGEN. Dec. 14.-(Via < London. Dec. 15)-The indica- + tions at midnight were. according < @ the returns from the referen- * dunn that a majority favor the * sale of the Danish West Indies
 x to the United States. The result
 x in forty three wards is known and < in only three wards has there + been a majority against the sale. + All the others have given a big t majority for the sale.
 x a Il & 4 t k t x Il 4 4 N
Bisbee daily review., 1916-12-15
H0PE 0F PEACE R|SES
 AS ALLIES CONSENT n
 NEGOTIATE WITH GERMANY

Beleved Now Allies and Central Powers Will Go at Least Far Sending Representatives Conference to Ds- Terms-America Receives Formal Peace Note and Relays It to Allied Countries.
Bisbee daily review., 1916-12-15

WASHINGTON. Dec. I4.-Informa-
Bisbee daily review., 1916-12-15
WEATHER

Arizona - Generally fair; warmer in the south portion
Bisbee daily review., 1916-12-15

NEW YORK CITY Average price of cop per for week ending Dee. IS, 32.25.
The Hartford herald. [volume] (Hartford, Ky.) 1875-1926, 1916-12-27
Accidentally Killed Himself.

Columbus Pike, while out rab-
rit hunting Christmas day. accident
ally shot and MORALLY wounded him
self. He and three other young men
were in an old field near No. 10
schoolhouse and a rabbit jumped
up just in front of him-too close
to shoot and he struck at It. with
the stock of the gun and in doing so
the gun was discharged, the load
going into his thigh, severing the
large artery in his leg. He called
to his comrades, who were in an
other part of the field, and as soon
as they saw what had happened,
rushed to the nearest telephone and
called DR.. Lake, but before he could
reach the young man he had bled to
death. His remains were buried
yesterday afternoon at Render.
1t seem that his uncle, HiramTrai.
had had a presentiment in a dream.
Sunday night that his nephew had
gone hunting and was brought home
dead. This so impressed him that
he requested his nephew not to go
hunting and related his dream. The
young man. however. did not heed
his admonition and went on hunting
with the result as above stated.
The Hartford herald. [volume] (Hartford, Ky.) 1875-1926, 1916-12-27
Theater Party.

Miss Verna Duke and Mr.. McDow-
ell Fogle gave their Sunday School.
classes the treat of seeins The NOV
les at the Star Theater last Friday
evening. Those composing the par.
ty were; Misses Annie Rae Carson,
Mary Bean. Maize Clark, Lurene Col
Inns, Kennedy Collins, Gussie Ben
nett. Lurene Bennett. Norine Black,
Mabel Rhodes. Mae Mount; Messrs
Glenn Tinsley. Gayle Taylor, Randall
Watterson. Glenn Barnes, Hinton
Leach. Gobel Grove. Edward Duke.
Oscar Bennett and Larkin Griffin.
The Hartford herald. [volume] (Hartford, Ky.) 1875-1926, 1916-12-27
DOC To 65c Values For soc.

Nelson's Blue Front Cash Grocery
now has special sale on in Granite
ware-50c to Csc values for only
39c. This line includes Buckets,
Kettles, Dishpans, Coffee Pots,
Chambers. &c. These articles are
all big bargains. Have to be seen
to be appreciated. Come quick If
you want anything in this line. At
these prices they will go like "hot
cakes" The Blue Front also has a
full and complete line of Candies,
Fruits, Nuts, Raisins, and, in short,
anything you may need in the Fancy
and General Grocery line at prices
that will please and save you money
Everything new and fresh. We also
have q complete line Of Fireworks
for the boys. Prices right. Your
patronage solicited. Prompt atten-
ton given to all orders. Remember
the place-THE BLUE FRONT
GROCERY.
J. A. NELSON, Prop.
The Hartford herald. [volume] (Hartford, Ky.) 1875-1926, 1916-12-27
o Q G 9 9 G G 6 O O Q 6 O q Q q
@ MARRIAGE LICENSE. o
G @ G @ 9 9 @ @ Q Q @ Q O @ @ o

c. F. King. Hartford. Route 4, t.
George L. Golf, Hartford, Route 4,
Barclay Shoulders, Central Grove,
to Fannie Fisher, McHenry.
l.. c. Hoover, Hartford, Route 8,
to Laura d. Lilies, Horton.
Willie Lee, Beaver Dam, to May
IIazelrigg, Beaver Dam.
Ercil Partnership, Beaver Dam,
to Dona Daniel, Beaver Dam, r. 2.
Willie Tanner, Utica, Route 3. to
Lucy Smith. Livia, Route 2.
A. Fl. Hackenberry, Echols, to
Rosie Huff, Echols.
J. e, Williams, Owensbnro. TO
IEez Duncan, Hartford, Route 6.
VIII Mcdaniel Render, to Ruthio
Davis, Simmons.
Leman Hancock, Williams Mines,
to Nellie Carman, Williams Minesx--
J. o. Evans, Spring Lick, to Ban
bara Lunsford, Horse Branch.
Otha Adams, Cromwell, to Lille
Spencer, Cromwell. y.
The Hartford herald. [volume] (Hartford, Ky.) 1875-1926, 1916-12-27
LAND FOR SALE.

We will sell at the court house
door In Hartford, KY, on Monday
the first day Of January, 1917, a,
about one O'Clock p. M, by public
auction, 21O acres of bottom land
situated az miles west of Hartford
This land lies Immediately ON the
north OF Rough river-fO acres In
fine state for cultivation, remainder
In woods. This is high bottom land
and can be easily drained 10 river
which binds it ON south and pub
lie ditch which binds IL ON north.
Terms OF sale: One-third cash, re-
mainder on time. For further par
ticular call ON or address,
WAYNE STEVENS,
Hartford, Route d.
Or w. NJ. HEFLIN,
5Ots Hartford. Route u
The Hartford herald. [volume] (Hartford, Ky.) 1875-1926, 1916-12-27
Leap Year Dance.

Messrs. e. Y. Park, Allison Bar
nett. H. L.. Taylor, Cecil Felix.
Ralph Davidson, Henderson MUIR
phree. A. d. Kirk, Park Taylor,
Frank Barnes, Chas. Greenfield, Mr..
Shelly, G. B. Scott, Harold Holbrook,
Pete Igleheart, Mr.. and Mrs. L. T.
Riley; Misses Matte Duke, verna
Duke, Willye Smith, Leila Gleann,
Louise Phipps, Winnie Simmerman,
Clara Robertson and--Msriam Hon
brook. were among those who at
tended the leap year dance kiven at
DR.. Beans Opera House last night.
Mr.. Murray Daniel. accompanied
with bass drum, furnished music.
The Hartford herald. [volume] (Hartford, Ky.) 1875-1926, 1916-12-27
PETITION AGAINST THE
DEPORTATION OF BeLG|ANS
Asking President Wilson to Use
the Whole influence OF
His Office.

New York, Dec. ga petition
signed by persons prominent in all
walks of life throughout the country
and calling on the President of the
United States ito throw the whole
influence of his office against the
deportation OF the. Belglaas by the
CorgTan ,Goverainent,' - III be for
warded to Washington tomorrow. K
was announced here tonight by Eli
hui Root.
The writer says:
'Inasmuch as the Chief Magis-
trate of a country is entitled to know
the definite sentiments of the people,
we hereby petition the President of
the United States to throw the whole
influence of his office against the
deportation of the Belgians by the
German Government.
"And we especially desire that, in
whatever manner seems best to him,
steps may be taken to Join this coun-
try with the other neutral States of
the American continent in a determ-
ined protest against this reversion
to barbafism in warfare, not to be
witnessed by civilized world with
out indignation"
A statement issued tonight re-
garding the petition said:
"It is a response to the call of the
President for the voice of the peo-
pie. Almost every city Of the coun-
try sends the names of it's eminent
men. Supreme Court Judges of the
various states join with idealists and
reformers; Bishops, Archbishops
prominent clergy unite with skep-
tics; railroad Presidents with labor
leaders; manufacturers with men of
letters; bankers and business men
with sculptors and painters; leaders
of the bar with heads Of the labora-
tory; pacifists with retired officers
Of the army and navy; Democrats
with Republicans; in equal fervor
to support the President in his eff
forts to save Belgium.
The Hartford herald. [volume] (Hartford, Ky.) 1875-1926, 1916-12-27
Odd Fellows Enjoy Banquet.

The members of Acme Lodge, No.
399, |. o. o. F., and their visiting
friends celebrated the closing of
prosperous year on Christmas even
ing by great feast at the New Com
mercial Hotel. A bird supper with
all the accessories including fruits
and cigars composed the menu.
Short addresses were made by Noble
Grand r. R. Riley, d. d. G. NJ, G.
B. Likens, and Mr.. Ed Davidson.
The visitors were w H. Coombs,
Louisville, and a number of local IN
vited guests.
The officers and members of this
lodge are to be congratulated on re-
ceiving the prize for best percentage
of increase for the year. The award
is furnished room in the Or
phans Home with name and number
Of local lodge over the entrance.
The committee who arranged this
pleasant and successful entertain
ment were, Harold Holbrook, w. II.
Collins and Louis Bozarth.
The Hartford herald. [volume] (Hartford, Ky.) 1875-1926, 1916-12-27
NOTICE TO CREDITORS

The creditors of the Dundee Mey.
camille Company are hereby notified
that the undersigned assignee Of
said estate will. on Monday. Janu-
uary 1. 1917. at Dundee, Ohio conn
ty. Kentucky, sit to receive claims
against said estate. Any claimant
failing to present. at the fine
named. his claim verified in the
same manner as claims against the
estate of decedents. sexcept that 1,
need not be verified by any person
other than claimant. shall be DEAN
ed to have waived his right to any
part of the assigned estate. -
Each Of the creditors are tber..
fore requested to properly verify
their claims and present them TO M
at the time and place named.
Those knowing themselves indeb.
ed to this firm win please cali ard
settle.
This December I. 1915.
lSt4 A. r. RENFRov
- p~udee 7fSrcsnfiIer
The Hartford herald. [volume] (Hartford, Ky.) 1875-1926, 1916-12-27
Burley Tobacco Sold.

The Burnley tobacco pooled with
the Cooperative Tobacco Associa.
tion has been sold at prices ranging
from SIT for leaf. SIT for Tugs, s12
for trash. the bright Burley and $14
for leaf, $14 for Tugs. IS for trash
and $S for all tips for Red Burley.
This tobacco will be graded between
grades and received at the Bean fac
tory on the Centertown road. We
will receive all of the outside Burley
at the same price. We are getting
along fine, haven't had any trouble
and are not expecting to have to
bring in the adjuster during the sea-
son. l.. b. TICHENOR,
Ch'm'n. and Receiver.
The Hartford herald. [volume] (Hartford, Ky.) 1875-1926, 1916-12-27
Ed. Massie Dead,

A telegram from Carrizozo, New
Mexico. to Mr.. and Mrs. C. B. How
ard, Of Hartford. Sunday brought
the sad news of the death of Mr.. Ed
Massie a brother of Mrs. Howard.
The deceased. who was 55 yeas old,
left this county about the first of
January 1908. He and his wife.
who was formerly Miss Clark. To-
Gated at Carrizozo, and she is now
principal of the college there.
The deceased was Justice Of the
Peace in Ohio county for a term of
four years and once made the race
for the nomination for County
Judge.
The Hartford herald. [volume] (Hartford, Ky.) 1875-1926, 1916-12-27

The Christmas trees at the NJ. e.
Church, Baptist church and Chris
tian church were heavily laden with
presents last Saturday night. and
the hearts of the large audiences In
attendance at each We're made glad
by old Santa Claus. who was repre-
the M. Il. Church. Fred May for the
Baptist church and J. C. Matthews
for the Christian church. Every
The Hartford herald. [volume] (Hartford, Ky.) 1875-1926, 1916-12-27

Mr.. Gregory Wedding, Louisville.
travelling salesman for the Axton To-
bacco Company. spent few days
with his parents, Judge and Mrs. r.
r. Wedding, the first of the week.
The Hartford herald. [volume] (Hartford, Ky.) 1875-1926, 1916-12-27

Master Raymond Yeiser met with
a painful accident last Thursday ev-
ening by being struck in the eye
with a piece of candy. He and a
friend were pulling candy and the
friend playfully threw piece al
him. 1t was first thought the eye
was permanently injured, but fortu-
nately il was not.
The Hartford herald. [volume] (Hartford, Ky.) 1875-1926, 1916-12-27

Farm For Sale-1SO acres, u
miles east of Hartford. divided by l..
& N. railroad. so acres good bot
tom land, 100 acres cleared. Good
water supply. Will sell one-half if
desired. Excellent title and price
is right. Location could hardly be
better. Apply to L. P. FOREMAN,
Hartford, Ky. ''"--'.- -'' 45tf
The Hartford herald. [volume] (Hartford, Ky.) 1875-1926, 1916-12-27

A small local notice in The Her.
aid regarding the 200 bushels of
soy beans Mr.. Virgil Elgin threshed
off of 10 acres of land this season,
brought an order from the c. s.
Brant Seed Co., of Indiana, for every
bushel he could spare. Moral-It
paws to use Printers Ink.
The Hartford herald. [volume] (Hartford, Ky.) 1875-1926, 1916-12-27

Winter Is here and the weather Is
cold. We have the best thing for
this kind of weather that you ever
saw and that is Hot Blast Coal
Heater. ACTON BROS,
Hartford, Ky.
The Hartford herald. [volume] (Hartford, Ky.) 1875-1926, 1916-12-27

FOR SALE-276 acres of bottom
land two miles west of Hartford, on
north side of Rough river. Has
three houses and three barns. Lays
so can be cut into three farms. For
further particulars call on or ad-
dress, F. l.. FELIX,
HartfOrd XIV
The Hartford herald. [volume] (Hartford, Ky.) 1875-1926, 1916-12-27

White us for special delivered
prices on Rubber and Metal Roofing
Nails, Barb Wire and American
Wire Fence. Also read our adver.
tisement on page 4 of The Herald
and let us figure with you.
FORDSVILLE planning MILL CO.,
(Incorporated)
Fordsville, Ky.
The Hartford herald. [volume] (Hartford, Ky.) 1875-1926, 1916-12-27

In getting up your fruit list don't
forget that Nelson's Blue Front Cash
Grocery on Main street has Oranges
and Apples as good as the best and
cheap as the cheapest.
The Hartford herald. [volume] (Hartford, Ky.) 1875-1926, 1916-12-27

Mrs. I. d. Funk, Hartford, Route
5; Mrs. w. P. Midkiff. Hartford, and
the young Misses Ernie and Verde
Brown, West Hartford. were among
The Herald's callers Saturday.
The Hartford herald. [volume] (Hartford, Ky.) 1875-1926, 1916-12-27

We have been unable to get any
late news from Mrs. Heber Mat
thews. who is suffering with pneu-
monia at the George Washington
Hospital, Washington, d. c. At last
account she was quite sick.
The Hartford herald. [volume] (Hartford, Ky.) 1875-1926, 1916-12-27
WANTED-Corn. Old Triton. Rags

WANTED-Corn, Old Irion. Rags,
Rubber. Rope, Paper. Copper. Brass,
Zinc. Beef Hides, Horse. Mule. Hog.
Goat. Sheep. Dog. Cat. Coon. Mink,
Opossum. Skunk and Muskrat Hides.
ID. L. ID. SANDERFUR,
SO q Beaver Dam, Ky.
The Hartford herald. [volume] (Hartford, Ky.) 1875-1926, 1916-12-27

Mr.. Henry NJ. Pirtle, secretary of
the A. S. of f., informs The Herald
that he has recently disposed of 600
pounds of walnuts in addition to the
sales heretofore reported lin these
columns.
The Hartford herald. [volume] (Hartford, Ky.) 1875-1926, 1916-12-27

The pastor, Rev. B. w. Napier, as
sisted by Rev. ]. w. Grove, of Ow-
ensboro, will begin a series of meet
ings at Goshen next Sunday morn
ing at IL o'clock.
The Hartford herald. [volume] (Hartford, Ky.) 1875-1926, 1916-12-27

Mr.. Larkin Griffin, who is attend
ing Vanderbilt TRAILING School for
Boys, at Elkton, Ky, is spending
the holidays with relatives here.
The Hartford herald. [volume] (Hartford, Ky.) 1875-1926, 1916-12-27

Mrs. w. T. Woodward and little
grandson, Master Ernest Woodward
Anderson. are spending the holidays
in Henderson, KY. the guest of rel
atiyes.
The Hartford herald. [volume] (Hartford, Ky.) 1875-1926, 1916-12-27

Miss Elizabeth Davidson, who is
attending X. S. T., Lexington, is
spending Christmas with her par
The Hartford herald. [volume] (Hartford, Ky.) 1875-1926, 1916-12-27

Mr. Sidney Williams, now located
at Walling, Tenn, is spending
Christmas with his parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. A. j. Williams.