davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-28
Miss Tarbell Says That the Tavenner
Bill Would Close the Door of
Opportunity to Worltmcn

| A Maryland girl writes: at 4. o
fair deal on both sides. am earning
more money in less physical ami
mental strain than | believe would In
possible on a straight salary basis. and
| am better satisfied than I have been
In the years | have been employed"
An Ohio girl says: IL have worked
In places where there is no system q,
all and l think the girls have to work
much harder than with a system
Your work is more interesting and
you have a chance to make more
money"
And here is the testimony Of a Mas.
sachusetts man: The old method
payment means just n pay envelope
on pay %day-the bonus plan makes a
willing worker and puts an extra red
envelope into his hand-with lots 70
gain and nothing to lose"
One could I'LL many volumes with
similar opinions based On actual ca.
periences.
But what else should one expect?
What is it that opens the springs Of
energy and unlocks the power Of
achievement in a man.? IL Is the Ger.
tainty that he is having "A fair chance
under fair conditions. that he works
with those who believe in him and his
' capacity and who are doing their hes,
SO to plan his work and to teach L 70
him that he may develop his full carr.
ing power-and who also see that he
gets "A return according to his labor.
There never was a system devised
which moro certainly discouraged a
mans development than that which
ssys You will be paid only so much
a day. no matter what you can do or
want to do" II takes the fun and fire
and game out of the task. II levels L,
II II is not a spuire deal rs FOR
democracy, II that noble and abused
word means anything 1t means tie
chance to do your best and get the It.
turn Of the best. Mr.. Tavonner's hi,
Is autocracy pure and simple.
1t is highly inconsistent too. for %
has not forbidden the Government giy.
ing its employees "A bonus for useful
suggestions which result in improve.
ments or economies in its plants 4,
permits that. but why foster sugges.
tions and fetter earning capacity The
former depends largely on the latter.
\ man who is on "A dead level uf earn
ing makes mighty few suggestions
No, no. it is the business OF the Con.
Gress of the United States to trea, a,
tasks OF labor as high and houorill.
and to encourage science To study. d.
velop and standardizc them Il !s IT,
business TO strip away every interf"r-
encc with a mans earning capacity.
and above all to sec that he gets al.
that he can honestly earn.
Note, however, that We DO not 20 6
far as 10 say that C~ongressrien shoI'l
be required TO earn their bonuses. W.
only urge that workmen who do earn
them be no forbidden to accept them
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-28
forward part of ancient ship found under Greenwich stree,

In" contractors uncovered part OF the
skeleton Of an old vessel a short tim"
ago, In doing this they brought to
iIght proof of the former shore Inc
of the Hudson River. But for the in
SIStpnt demand for more speed AMI
better means of rapid transit the oil
craft would have remained undisturhcd
in ~ grave. Now, however, the GU.
riou are Specializing upon the ssa
of the vessel arid wondering whcE a..
sank and what il was carried her to
the bottom, That she foundcrcd ana
Was not hcached was certain.
At frat, to crafty the historian, IL
VAS intended Ia o the whole of
the hulk, but the thoroughly practical
consideration of vNponsc put IA stop
to this project. TIE northern head
ing of tho excavation ended at n point
which brought to lisht only twenty
feet of the framework Of the craft.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-28

through knowledge and study All the
past of the world ana CoIt,atcs II II
the present, He Is a man of tn" WORTH
because he IL frc" from intellectual
SnobblshncSs His know ledge - not
confined to tuat associated with any
u profession or n one class of
people, W." possesses a cross section
OF life in his knowledge. past and pros
cnt, and out of a study of these ideas
and ideals h" creates II broad human
ity.
Our university training most AMI
does develop power for preparedness,
immediate strength to meet i'm
mediate emergencies. But II also Do
vclups something better and bigger. II
must AMI does develop that sense Of
responsibility which Is TO save the
world II must develop that sense
which makes a man share his knowl-
tdg" and lis PRIVILEGES.
"Tli- trained COLES, man has no"n
constantly linking himself to the broad
values of humanity. while tho maa
who has been developing himself Tor
q special, professional career has been
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-28

capacity. If he Is wise he adopts the
form Of bonus which seems to them
most just and satisfactory.
1t is clear from a reading OF Mr..
Tavenner's bill that he thinks the task
required before a man can earn a
bonus is so difficult that only an ex-
ceptional worker can reach ii. If he
would only make a round OF shops
under the system he fights he would
see how wrong ne is. In lieu N that
let us use a little common ems
II workers did not like the task and
bonus system. would they stay? One
%inalienable right which the American
w~orkingman exercises freely is that Of
change. He exercises 1t often to his
own as we'll as his employers despair.
the revolt against the old fashioned
employers creed of low wages. long
hours. discharge without notice, &c.
II he does not like things he leaRes
becomes a foatcr. II scientific man
ogcnent oppressed him, you could not
hold him. But instead Of increasing
iioa,ers in industry the task and bonus
system practically puts an end to
them.
Listen to this from Cincinnati: we
have made it--task and bonus
entirely satisfactory to the men" How
do they know? why because mot
more than . per cent. leave In a
month" Compare this to the change
in the average shop under old style
management-rurely is it less than so
per cent. sometimes 100 per cent.
or take this record OF a Cleveland
shop: Four years ago their labor
turnover was 100 per cent; that is, IL
their force numbered a thousand per-
sons they had 70 hire fifteen hundred
new mes a year to keep it up. After
four years OF task and bonus they hire
annually hut $40 now hands. And
they expect to reduce this percentage.
know of a Rochester shop where
the foaters have been reduced 10 per
cent. in three years Of task and bonus.
These are average examples of the
usual results of an intelligent applica-
ton Of scientific management.
Why do men and women stay under
a system which MIR. Tavenncr wants
forbidden 20 the employees Of the
Government Of the United States? Let
| them tell us. 4 Maine girl nrakes this
laconic and sufficient answer: 81 get
more money" Another Maine girl
says: Scientific management has
made everything in and around the
mill 100 per cent. better"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-28
KNICKERBOCKERS ISLAND

street of to-day intersects the pr,~p.
Greenwich street. The shore line a.
the beginning of the eighteenth Cou.
fury lay !nsld" or east of Cr"cuW.,t
street. l. was not uut.l many dee.
AIDES later hat tn" western shor,."r
of Manhattan reached further oar mo
the Hudson and wharves appcarcI hs.
tween Fulton and Rector streets r.
outer ends of those wharycs wor ..r.
parable, with Washington ,'r., ,
New Workers know It now.
The maps of l1i2-i4 do roj e.na
Greenwich street at all. because &c
land there was submerged r.
plan Of the city bearing IN" di'. ~
1917 does show Greenwich stree .
also the Intersection Of Deg >tr".'
The vessel must have been sunk e.'1."
in the creek or near hat inlet Il ..I-
time prior 10 l,42 because uf Il, u.t|-
ncr in which Il Is buried IN the sand
When the excavation was frst MAO
about the hulk IN the subway slcc.''
siv strata of sand were Clcd'
marked, plainly registering tho G.l,.
ual accumulation OF this blauko' .
its deposition by tidal waters. ~
ttiAt NaS ipN tNIIlIil't lt'l' E' .
man agencies. From the keel 81
oil craft m to the top If Two sdGl
underlying the temporary roof
heavy plankinG which forms tho l"'.
ent surface of the lnterscCtluS =. off,
IL a matter Of eighteen or twr"t' 'e''
The accumulation OF this aru".'' o.
water borne sand in a river like ''
Hudson must have taken a long tine
The filling laid over the wreck B
human agency is relatively sht.'."
most of the land having been wrr
by natural forces; and there L. ,N-
dcnCc enough to warrant tho assurN'-
ton that the ship wen TO the ho'.'m
the better part of a century '''.."
Greenwich street was laid uu' N
deed this - Il Ncry conserve 80 '..
mate, The craft. not unlikely. 2 ~
dercd much earlier. This is l,''''
US back to the time when H., I-''
caught fire and Adriacn Bloc, W.
forced 10 build a vessel 20 replace
Additional evidence that tho ,.'.'
ing soil Was Of natures pl4clua
he had IN the fact that tho " i'H
water ain uncarth"d In tl','"
street lay in the sand twelve U.
feet higher than the keel ~ ~. 'h
These pipes were ,did about ,>u
The engineers of that period uo .
dug the trenches for them !. .."
then existing surface.
\ rusty cannon bail or to- ''
uncartheu during the ~uuruy'"'-
the ship and this gives suppo''
suppoSltion hat the vessel ~ H.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-28
THE BONUS
DIVIDEND
By IDA M. TARBELL.
A FAVORlTE activity of public
~ servants intent on %uplift-and

TANoTNll dttlNlty Va puDiiC
~ servants intent on uplift-and
a r~ecord-has been c%urtailing
peoples possessions. peoples pleasures
and peoples earnings. Once upon
a time the public servant busted
himself with the height of the lady's
headdress and the width Of her petit
coats and again he exercised his power
in preventing gentlemen enjoying
themselves on Sunday. Lately he has
tried to put an end to grotesque for
tunes by f%orbidding u man to accumu-
late more than a million or so-and a
trust to swell beyond a half billion.
Not often. however. In any time has
one who called himself a friend Of the
people" busted himself In preventing
working people earning ell they could.
The friend Of the people is popularity
supposed to open the door Of opportu-
nifty, not to shut 1t. Yet Brother
Tavenner OF Illinois proposes to shut it
at least to a big group. No man who
works for the Government, say
Brother T.. shall be paid a bonus-and
what is a bonus?
l. has always sounded like some
thing good to us. Look in your Latin
dictionary and you will see it means
something good. Certainly to those OF
us who work IL is good-if we get it.
Mr.. Tavenner gets several bonuses
mileage, a clerk. stationery. seeds. tons
Of printed matter and his postage. We
earn them. but he gets them whether
he Toes or not.
The bonus he is opposing is earned.
Is different. 1t is not received unless
earned. Far be 1t from us to suggest
that therein lies on~e-probably uncon-
scious-reason for Mr.. Tavenner's OPP
position. There are many minds in
which TO earn" is synonymous with
ito Cypress"
The bonus We are talking about is
an extra wage paid a working man for
accomplishing a certain fixed task
which has been scientifically set. After
n shop and It's conditions. its methods
and its materials have been carefully
standardized so that everything can
be more quickly and easily done. an
exact estimate is made Of what an
average worker ought to do under the
new conditions. This is the days task.
For reaching this a man Is paid the
daily wage Of the industry and Of the
locality plus q bonus. II he falls be-
low the task he still gets q full days
pay. In some shops he gets a per-
centage OF the bonus II he gets near
but not quite up to task. II he goes
beyond he gets an extra bonus.
There is nothing rigid in the sys-
tenn. The employer is seeking to go
courage men to improve their earning
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-28
PERILS OF WAR ZONE NAVIGATION

the Irish coast was Rugged all the way
around until well in the Irish Chann,l.
AS soon as the steamer gets into the
war zone the boats are swung out
board ready to be lowered at once in
case OF any emergency. Every man
Is on duty. the officers are at their
posts. This is an American steamer.
and all night long the American flag
is kept flying at the mainmast and
a searchlight Is trained on It so that
Il may be easily distinguished by friend
or foe. The name Of the steamer and
its nationality are painted on the sides,
and electric lights hung on both sides
make these marks clearly distinguish
able.
THE passengers take all these pre-
cautions very coolly, but seldom go to
he'd until they are out of danger. Life
prcscrvers are distributed, and these
are generally worn" said the officer.
ION the last trip il was evening when
we reached the war zone and all these
preparations were made. | had ocCa-
sion 10 go into the smoking room
about : o'clock in the morning and
there saw several men killing time
by playing cards. They were smoking
and some had drinks, but every man
had his life prcserver fastened around
his body in the regulation manner"
This officer said that he had seen
Two German submarines which had
been captured in B~irkcnhcad and hc
had talked with n OF the engineers
there, This engineer very frankly ad-
mittcd that the submarines had not
been as successful rs the Germans
had hoped they would be and that
they had had much trouble in running
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-28

them. n trouble had generally been
caused 10y the Diesel motors. which
had Il habit Of becoming o~verhcatcd.
II" said that many of the boats were
equipped with Two sets Of engines,
but could seldom use both, While one
was being used the other was being
repaired.
The officer Of the steamship said
that while they had not met with any
accident so far they had had SOM mar
row escapes, On II voyage a noatlrs
mine was sighted in the moonlight
Just ahead OF the steamer. ana al.
though the course was changed
quickly the bow wave throwing the
mine away was all that prevented a
disaster.
There are many mines all around
the British coast which hay" broken
away from their mornings. and III GO
the trawlers and mine swcepers arc
constantly picking up. ON the last
trip while coming down the Irish
Channel those on the steamer were
able tn watch the mine swcepcrs at
work, II was II beautifully clear dag
and they could easily see for thirty
miles around the steamer. A line OF
'rawlers was steadily stcaming along
in what is called line abreast forma-
ton and dragging between each pair
IF vessels a heavy net, This line en-
ended for at least thirty miles and
possibly further and was sweeping be-
tween Carnsore Point on the Irish
coast and 81, David's Head oil tie
Welsh coast. II extended So far that
II only left a very narrow channel
through which the steamship passed
IN its way 10 the Atlantic.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-28

man of the world is the task of the
universities, and there is no one better
programme for the education of a IN N
% the word than the four years
training in the l|ibcraliZing studies
which the university gives. The school
boy ccomes "A nan of the world at the
end of that four years because n
moves freely through its many ac-
tiv.ties with intelligence, He speal.s
the worlds language; he understands
the worlds manners and its thought.
You know the true man OF the
world does not limit his knowledge 10
the immediate present. He becomes
a man OF the world when he inherltS
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-28
THE first officer Of one Of the

"HE Hrst oHlCPr or one OF the
largest Of the steamers now
plying across the Atlantic re-
Gently told IA friend in this city some-
thing about the methods used to safe
guard vessels in the war zone.
As soon as a vessel reaches the
fringe of the zone It its ar
rival by wireless and very soon after
ward receives "A message from the
British Admiralty which gives instruc-
lions as to the course to take to reach
Liverpool or Glasgow. These are the
only ports now open to steamship
travel, Southampton and the Channel
ports being closed to commerce and
used as naval bases.
Tho message received by the
steamer Is naturally in code and It
tells the captain to cross a certain
meridian of longitude at a certain
parallel of latitude and then to head
Tor a certain number OF miles on one
course and make some point of land.
caG course often changes and great
care has TO be taken to follow II
carefully.
On n journey recently the steam
ship had to go about forty miles south
OF Fastnet Rock and then headed over
to st. David's Head on tho southwest
ern coast of Wales. The steame then
held close to the Welsh coast TO the
end OF the voYage, The next voyage
took the steamer in close TO Fastnet
Rock first and then to Carnsore Point
and sfterward across the Irish Sea 10
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-28
Wreck Shows How 1t Has Grown,
Crowding Back the Rivers

and Is II TO tantal!ze the antiquary the
contractors as much as said Just
guess the rest" Judged by the d.
mansions OF the timbers in sight.
which are those Of the stem, keel. bot
tom planking and the lower portions
Of the ribs. the vessel had a water
length Of about sixty feet. In her
prime she was probably a ship Of i'm
portance for her day and had a bur-
den OF something more than a hundred
tons.
The first docks along the shores OF
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-28

was lost the Tiger, In those DAYS
ships were not always held together
by metal bolts and II II a matter cf
Inicres, To note ,hdt the SURVIVING
timhcrs of the subway hulk arc bound
pins,
The position of the wreck gives a
clue to tn" approximate tmc when tir
vessel sank. In the early days. before
tor'landi street can iuro existence.
a creek cut in from the shorelinc at
a point n little south Of where Dcy
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-28
Map showing position of wreck and Manhattan's shore lines
from settlement until to-day.

Manhattan were on the East River
side. and shipping did not have ac-
commoddtions along the Hudson River
above the Battery until after the mid
die of the seventeenth century, ON
the Hudson trading craft n%ayiSatcd
northward to Albany because OF the
profitable barter with the Indians TO?
pcltry. Those days were not without
their hazards to the pioneers Of COM
mcrcc and no doubt a disaster of some
sort occasioned the sinking OF this un.
known vessel.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-28

steadily forging the chains OF selfish
| ness about him, the chains that unite
u mar to his worst enemy, his mere
ambition to do something for him
self.
81 emphasize this because much is
heing said to-day Of vocational studies.
We need not use the word in It's mar
ROY sense. We can ignore that. The
best vocational study OF course Is that
WI ich fits a man to respond to his vo-
cation as a man. and not to The de-
mands of any particular pursuit or pro-
fession. The most highly favored men
In this nation are among those who
are the most highly educated. They
are the men who form the aristocracy
Ia the true sense of that word. They
are the men who can and will devote
themselves to the progress and the
lettering Of human conditions.
There are so muny perplexing ques-
tons in the world to-day. Inc so many
more will arise as the war comes to an
end. hat to put ones heart upon this
~ that conclusion Is impossible. Many
Of these questions, however. will arise
from a misunderstanding Of the rela-
tons which one nan bears II another.
OF curse this involves the social re-
lations. and the question of social rela-
| tons in a broad sense is q big ono II.
| however. thev are IN no solved thew
must no solved because tho non vith
trained minds and human hearts have
given Themselves IN do I,
"Thi, is a,trulsm Won savo
We'll. II seems to me that altruism
crn come only from mon wbo ,re od,,.
Gated in a lihora, wav Nen ubo vo
! into a college which will civo them
shor, cuts IA thor fu,,,ro nrofo,s,nn.
become narrow. Thev ,ack tho hro,d
sympathy of a man familiar with much
If tho host thought Of tho world 40
the pas, and present.
The development NJ hear, 10 oui,e
rs much an ,ducationo, nrocess a tho
development of the trained mind.
college preparedness is education
which must make n man in Tho end mr.
college preparedness is q failure So
| IS educational process must no. CON.
tent itself with n moro obsorhin, ~
some Information. useful only in a
commercial pursuit.
.co,,evo nro,arod,os noe .,.,,
with a humanizing study which uI,i-
mately will enable tho human boipy IN
conquer his animal nature and live
b. reason and human COMMISSION
THE processes os commerciaI ,ifo
believe. d, NOT belong in a COLLAGE
classroom. because they fail 20 make
an appeal to the inner sniri, ~ tho
man who is TO save the new world
ONLY n broad acouai,t,pco u.i,h ,ha
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-28

Whether she was attacked and plum
dered and then set afirc or whether
she burned from some other cause
the present state of her shattered tim
bers is largely due to the action OF
flames. The inner surfaces NJ her
framework are charred and his pro-
tecting soaring has tended To preserve
the underlying wood.
The records show that AdriIon Block
sailed for the Hudson from Holland n
1913, While anchored of Manhattan
his vessel caught fire and sank. Thus
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-28
SCHOLARS, NOT DOLLARS, TO
SAVE WAR SCARED WORLD

wealth Of this country that it is time
we looked closely into the far higher
task, to conserve the resources. intel
l%ectual, spiritual and moral, of the
country. That is the great task. to
free men from absolute Ignorance. from
bondage to public opinion. That is the
task II our university education in
preparedness.
Many critics Of our educational
methods as we understand them have
insisted that students should be at
liberty to pick and choose their "
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-28

keep their heads in an emergency. the
result of the broad mental training of
their college course. The mere princi-
pies of their profession they were able
to master. But in their professional
work there constantly arose cinergen-
cies which the mere text books of their
college preparedness did not toucn
upon. but which they were Obliged to
meet with quick mental action. They
were enabled to do this because of
their general college training.
Transforming the schoolboy into a
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-28
Princeton's President Says Salvation of
the New World Now Making Lies
in College Preparedness

sion by reason Of his education. Not
a mere selfish ambition. but a sincere
desire to serve.
ut seems quite clear to me that our
universities have not lowered their
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-28
TIME Fastening Manhattanite
little realizes how his island

little realizes how his island
has expanded physically within
the past two centuries or so. how.
east and west, II has crowded more
and more upon the natural domains
% the thanking rivers. Cur!ously
enough. 1t was the impatient. minute
clipping habit OF the present Genera-
ton hat disclosed the most recent evi-
dence of this growth.
One section OF the new subway svi-
TEN runs north along Greenwich
street and then turns eastward at Dcy
street. Just before making this turn
The Washington times., 1916-10-27
Nervousness Often
!. Merely SeTiShness
Disguised by a Name
BY DIR. LEONARD KEENE HIRsHBERG.

fers so from nervousness that she 10
more to be piled. than censured."
Among the emotions, feelings and SEN
sationB which are falsely ascTibcd TO
nervousness are foolish fears, so-called
ton. worry. liked IDEAS, obscssions. lack
OF self-control. restlessness, lack Of
thought concentration. lack OF knowl-
edge. indecision and tremors OF the
muscles. Be this IL Il may, not one OF
these In caused by nerves or nervous
Diseases. When any one fails In crisis
or to do the right thing at a critical
moment. 1t IL wrongly ascribed 10 his
being nervous.
Sometimes II may be o want OF deli
cacy in the skin which causes mistakes.
Again II may be defective eyesight or
false pride. At other times the over
productiveness Of the thyroid gland or
some other non-nervous structure may
be at. the bottom OF fears anNieties and
muscle twitchings. In the end. so-called
nervous states are hardly ever TO be
blamed upon the nerves.
Copyright 1916. Newspaper Feature Service }