davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-05-21
BRITISH CENSORSHIP
EXPLAINED BY COOK

Sir Edward pointed to the British
governments notification upon the out
break Of the war that the telegraphic
and radio services throughout the en-
pire would be suspended, and he en-
phasized the phrase contained in this
notification that the government would
under certain conditions permit the
transmission Of some messages "as
an act ot grace" 1
~ sometimes wonder" he went on
whether 1t is realized that instead OF
regarding every instance Of q stopped
cable as an act Of wrong, you ought by
the letter Of the law, to recognize ev-
cry passed cable as AN act Of grace.
The number Of messages which we
stop. delay or otherwise deal with is
negligible compared with those we
pass right away.
"1n quoting the governments mott
fication was dealing only with rights.
In interpreting the notification in
practice we do not, ] assure you, say
when message is put up to us: Here
- an American message; come. let us
kill 1t; we have the. right. What we
actually say to ourselves is Let us, see
II this cannot be passed as It stands.
And II 1t cannot: Let US see how little
iced be taken out"
Sir Edward explained that the CEN
sorship is governed by the defense of
the real act, by the regulations made
under it by order in council and by In
structions, explanatory In detail, which
are issued from time to time by the
press bureau and by various depart
ments Of state. s,at.
/ The object OF the censorship which
the British government imposes, said
Sir Edward, is two-fold.. First, to pre-
vent the British press ana tho cables
over which Great Britain. has control,
from being used to disseminate mill
tary and naval information likely to
damage the cause Of the Entente Al
lies or to DO Of use TO the Central
Powers; and, second, to prevent the
British pres sand cables from giving
other assistance to tho enemy; ".
I'VE have had to turn down a good
many stories for naval and military
reasons" he said, s'and. there has been
AuoSA ~ IsiStsuifH ia lues government
land Of the bureau. which Is its agent)
for, the erstrlctions imposed In tho mat
ter Of raidsa n gIy n, 50ssa
But surely 1t Is not desirable to
present the enemy with information
as to his route. as to the exact places
he hit and whore no missed and so
forth. s4,;.sz 4 { yss7l fE - ~,
| Sir Edward recalled one American
story which q censor had ,refused. THE
writer, ha said. ''had. in heedlessness.
given Information which. II 1t, had
reached the enemy. might have en-
dangered many. lives" s. -
What about your second category2,.'
tho correspondent asked, sWhat sort
Of things do you censor on the ground
that otherwise than by disclosing mill
tary Information, they give assistance
to- your sennmyE IN = .aFs iena
I'VE are sengagediin q Ifs and death
struggle withpa very powerfnlfan a
very resourcefui foe, answered Sir
Edward, 'Imagine the following case,
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-05-21
Romance Of the Merrii,nac
Used baltimore and Ohio Rails to Amor tho conse
crate Warsdp. go 3, ~

II. the baltimore and Ohio had bean
routed North and. south instead o.
east and west no could have run the
engines and cars into the heart OF
Dixie, where they would have plenty
OF use for them AS the matter
stood u was almost twenty-five miles
by turnpike across the 'ccartry from
Martinsbnrs to Winchester. at which
point Icy Just the railroad needed,
tie Virginia and Atlantic, passing 10
Richmond and the sea.
| In Jackson's army was an officer,
Colonel Thomas A. Sharp, who was
an accomplished civil engineer. Before
entering the army he had been a
railroad man In Georgia. His merits
had brought him to the front in the
command and the general had placed
him in charge Of the transportation
service. II was under him. by jack
sons order. that the Baltimore and
Ohio railroad bridge that spanned
the Potomac at Harper's Ferry was
burned. rs y
After destroying the structure
Jackson's men tore up the tracks for
many miles westward. placed the ties
In pilos. laid the rails on top and
treated the country folks thereabouts
to the spectacle of series Of fine
bonflres. Hh,t. ~, Pr at
Az the rails became red hot they
would be taken with huge pliers and
wound around the nearest trees un-
til almost every live trunk that rear
ed It's head along the line sported a
necktie Of unique pattern.
Hundreds OF tons Of rails wore
saved. however, and heaped up In
IMartlnsbnrg to serve another pur-
pose. vi
Jackson had requested Colonel
Sharp to try and evolve a plan by
which the rolling stock and rails
could be. conveyed over the turnpike
to the Winchester line, which tapped
Richmond. Colonel Shrap though
the matter over. called to his aid ev-
cry skilled mechanic In the army and
constructed number Of large wheels
and rugged them on the trucks Of the
engines and cars without disturbing
the regular wheels. Forty horses
were pressed into service and he
was ready.
Then to the country folks Of the
smiling farming section between
Martinsburg and Winchester. was
presented during the next few days a
wonderful sight, Shakespeare made
Birnafn Woods go to Dunsinane. The
feat seemed to be almost paralleled
by the manner in which Colonel
Sharp made section of the Bati-
more and Ohio railroad go to Win
chester. The turnpike is not with
out small rises and falls, but the
forty horses were equal to the task.
The spectacle Of large locomotives,
jolting across the country single Ale,
and bulky freight cars doing the
same. was sight that was unusual
to say the least.
After the last car had been "toted'
to the new tracks the railroad iron
followed. 1t was loaded on the
freight cars and soon the whole
amount Of the. spoils went rolling
southwark, the engines and cars to
do service On various railroads for
the Confederacy and the iron rails to
come in very acceptably for use in
plating the sides Of the Merrimac
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-05-21
Who Says All Real Rights Are.
Not Used but instead Very.
Much "Grace."

T LONDON, May 2o.-With the war not
far from completion Of Its second year,
the American newspaper correspond
ents in London have become so accus-
toned to working under the handicaps
Of censorship that there is now COM
paratiyely little friction between the
men who would send the news and
those who would stop It. Although
there are occasional stoppages that
are past understanding. corre-
spondents generally have learned the
limitations under which they can dis
seminate news from a belligerent
country and the censors have at the
same time generally become more rea-
sonable. ~
In an interview with Sir Edward T.
Cook, who. with Sir Frank A. Swetten-
ham, directs the press bureau, a cor
respondent Of the Associated Press has
been given an exposition of the princi-
pies under which the handling OF news,
both for the foreign and British papers,
is administered under war conditions.
Sir Edward is best known in Jour-
nslism as the former editor Of the
Daily News. and since his retirement
from that position he has devoted him
self to literary labors. He has edited
John Ruskin's works and was Ruskin's
biographer. making many important
contributions TO English literature. and
since the war began he has published
q life Of Delane. the famous editor Of
the Times.
In beginning his exposition, Sir I'd
ward told the correspondent that the
press bureau never censors articles or
kilograms criticizing the censorship.
He urged the correspondent not to
speak "too much good" Of the censor
ship.
II don't suppose you are likely to do
3d." he said, "but It would really be a
terrible blow IL you did. Tho enter
prising newspaper or news agency and
IN efficient censorship are natural enc
mics, and IL the day should ever come
when the newspaper, British and neu-
trail, conspired to praise the press bu-
reau, 1t would be a catastrophe for one
or the other Of US; 1t would mean that
either the journalists had lost their
go or that our censors had been me-
glecting their duty" ~ 81
Sir Edward declared that tho only
"boquet" thus far laid at the feet OF
the censors came unintentionally from
Count Won Bernstorff. Germany's am
bassador to the United States, when
the ambassador described the British
bureau as one which "in its efficiency
and imaginative powers has never had
its equal in the history Of the world"
"That," declared Sir Edward, as
probably higher praise than we de-
serve, but think It isspretty good owl
dence that. we have prevented some
things which the enemy would have
liked and done. other things which he
has disliked. This Is real conpli-
ment, for the press bureau Is war
department."
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-05-21


which VIC will call Hypothetical; sup
pose you found that your cables were
being used to send reports which.
when not absolutely untrue, were In
tended to magnify German victories: to
preach the doctrine Of German all
powerfulness; TO dcpreciate this couri-
try and Its allies, and to do everything
possible 10 influence Germans through
out the world and ncutrals, wherever
they may be found, to sympathize with
Germany and Its allies. to push ita
propaganda, advance its cause, valify
England and our allies, and to stir
up hatred against US In evory cornar
OF tho globe, whero It sooms possible
to einbarrass us, Suppose you found
this TO DO going on. What would you
do"
Sir Edward referred to 'tha very
large measure of freedom" extended
10 American and other corresponds
cIits. and asked:
why is your American enterprise,
which ia apt to carry everything be-
fore II, unable % tell us moro Of what
goes on IN Germany? Many of the
American newspapers ana news a6en-
clos have very enterprising corre-
spondentS In Berlin. Why, wonder,
do they tell US SO little about what
goes on In the Reichstag and generally
about political discussions" IT.
do not forgot" SIR Edward conclud-
ed. that while on one side this eifioe
Is destructive, on the other It, Is the
means Of supplying to the press of this
country and to neutral agencies and
correspondents great deal of infor-
nation which has not only q public In
terest. but commercial value. think
1t can be said that every naval and
military event of Importance. which
has been reported In the last twenty
months has gone to tho press through
this Office, and though in criticising ,is
itlmayl be convenient. to forget that
fact. It still remains a fact The only
credit we claim is that we issue all
news with strict iinpartiaiity and With
y, and we think II Is doubtful
whether the press would receive It SO
regularly or so quicklysif there were
no press bureau"
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-05-21
THIS PLACE is A
FARMERS
/ Town
FernaId, .la.,is Common-c Center
Where Interests OF RGfal{
lists Are C Consolidated.

DIES MONIES, IL, May 2o.-cut4E
on the prairies Of Iowa Is one Of the
most novel towns OF the country. IL
is called Fernald.
II At .Ternald there IA. mo bickerfnE1
between townspeopie and rural. resi-.
dents as Is often the case. The far
mers for miles around feel perfectly
/ free to go to town without swearingI
stafched shirts and collars. IL
There Is an air Of mutual interest
between town and country which ]
would gladden. the hearts Of any ru- 2
raj life expert go
And the reason for this 10 that thet
towns owned by the farmers them.4,
selves. ,s 90 III, III Il N,,r
When She goes to town to buy as
bar Of soap or new pillow the far4x
pIer buys Of himself, or. rather he, ~ VI
o partner in the store. When hen
goes to the elevator he sells to his
company the grain he has brought N.
Perhaps his next step will be at9a1|
bank owned and managed blythe
farmers themselves. sss.t3t
All OF Fernald's business senter-
prises are owned. by farmers liyinsh
within radius ofthree or four milasyl
Though built fourteen years AGO.
when the railroad was built, FernaidT
has q population OF only 100, andn
probably will not grow much larger
in the years to come, because Of sthet
nearness. of numerous other. towns. ,ss4
The town was founded by. the far
mers In order to avoid making long,
hauls In delivering crops to the IA H.
road. A line elevator was built very
shortly after the town was founded,
but 1t was purchased by group Ok
farmers operating under the name Oh
the Farmers Grain Company II. ss34
Fleagle. the farmer who put through
the deal. was made manager OF the
elevator. This investment proved "A
wise one, for in the first year OF
management the, elevator paid is
profit OF ninety-fve per cent on the
5000 capital. I',, =.
The Farmers Lumber Company
was organized by four farmers with
capital Of $500. Mr.. F1eagle also
manages the affairs Of this com
and. It's $4,000 stock. Another etl
terprise founded by the farmers wal
the Farmers Cooperative Mercantile
Company. After a brief period Of
competition the rival mercantile stoft
was compelled to close its doors, leav:
ing the management Of the town and
its business affairs entirely In tho
hands OF the farmers themselves. "
The towns founders then estabs
lished the Farmers. Savings Bank,
with capital Of SLOT, 900. The De-
posits have reached the s40,0609
mark In three years. Mr., Feaslefsf
ability for management was recog-
mixed d third time when he was made
lyice-president Of the bank.
Fernaldi IS In RIchiand township In
Story county. =; \ ts-' ~ s 49,.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-05-21
JAPANESE UMBRELLAS.

TOXIC. May 2o.-The export
trade in Japanese umbrellas is rapid
ly Increasing. In recent years the
export amounted in value to $780,
600 and this year the figures are ex-
pected to be exceeded. Manufacture
ers in Japan are now. overwhelmed
with orders from China. India and
other countries in the South Pacific
because Of the falling OF of imports
from England and Europe generally.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-05-21
WATCHES
PRINCETON.
'SPOOF' DANIEL S
Wilson'S Successor Urges Pre-.
paredness and Sees Grads
RidicuIe Navy Head. 4.

CHICAGO. May 20.-Preparedness
introduced by a singing satire on Jose
plus Daniels and William Jenning,
Bryan and fervently advocated by
"Prexy" John Greer Hibben and two
well-known graduates, was the theme
at the banquet OF the Western Associa-
ton Of Princeton Clubs at the Univer.
sity Club. Interpretations In the form
Of demonstration by cadets from the
Lake Bluff naval training station and
the singing of 1.-THE Star Spangled
Banner" furnished brief Interruptions
to the program.
The satire on the secretary Of the
navy and the late secretary OF state I'M
der the administration Of the one-time
president OF Princeton university was
presented by Princeton graduates jus,
before the after-dinner speeches. There
were several gasps at the broadness
Of the satire; but burst OF applause
and cheering at the close Of the per
Torrance. proved the spirit OF the 70(
graduates present,
Cards. Presage Something"
While the banqueters were engaged
In making away with the first course
cards distributed at the various tables
gave the first hint that something
was coming. The cards read:
A PLAY
w entitled
NOT PREPARED
CAST.
A Secretary. Of the Navy ~
A Former Secretary Of State.
A Sailor. ~, = .i3.-, 1. -. t,,..s. s.,
A Marine. ~ t. q ,....t
A,President Of a University. ~ 49,
~ =. ~ SCENE. .a.,..i j ~
ONCE Of Secretary Of Navy.
Tho diners puzzled over these cards
until just before the final course oil
tho banquet. when the musicians were
chased from the stage IN one corner
OF the room. A table and three chairi
appeared, on tho stage On the table
were placed several glasses, q caraffe
OF water-and n bottle OF grape Juice
Tar with Feather Dustcr.
lights outl From ono wing entered
the sailor with 4 feather durter. Later
naino q ministerial person Of would-be
Pss.'sSASf rlhSAASAaAOAt ~ psAhAh0hoAE
cheered tho appearance Of ID secretary
Of tho navy" Tho secretary greeted
tho sailor siteetioaAtely and seated
himself. He poured two fingers OF grape
juice from tho bottle into a glass
shook his head, poured q bit back into
the bettie. and then mi1ed the remain
der With water from the caraffe, The
mixture no drank,
Then Dame farcical conversation
between the secretary and the sailor
which wound up with the seeretary's
request for semebedy mot an admiral
but some Democratic person" to re-
ceive orders for handling the depart
ment during the absence OF the chief
Tho sailnr left the stage and reap.
peared with the marine.
The marine strede to the seeretary'l
table and stood- erect with hand t.
cap in stitt military salute.
So Fearfully Rarlike.
mo. no. mY boy" exclaimed the sec.
rotary as he observed the pose. Moth.
ing 80 warlike. Mercy, no.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-05-21
IMPORTED SEED.

PEKINGs May 2o.--The ministry
Of agriculturehand commerce is dis
tributing cotton seeds imported from
America to- The various agricultural
experiment grounds and to magis-
trates all over the cotton districts ,oi
China. who have been requested tc
have farmers test the seed.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-05-21
tFrom enc PhllaceiphIa neeora. !

e VEVu tAc 1IbtdCetpnlu tecOcu.l
On the morning of March s, 1863,
on the Virginia coast at the point
where the James emptios its water
into the Chesapeake as tho latte. is
about to merge its flood with the
brine OF the Atlantic, boatmen sailini.
| in the bay beheld q strange sight. a
!! great, bulky appariticn, as It seemcd,
was moving out from Norfolk and
the most seasoned OF the water men
could not for the lilo OF them tell
what 1t was. Its appearance was that
OF Q mass Of railroad iron built into
. pyramid head, with something
within the crib-like structure that
belched forth smoke and steam.
AS 1t came within closer view It
was seem that along It's corrugated
ironsides ut regular intervals-ior It
was entirely cased in rails-there
frowned on the outer world the grim
muzzles Of ponderous cannon.
The moving monster had been,
until . few months before, the United
States steam frigate Merrimac. Sal
vaged by the Confederates from the
wreck Of the Gosport navy yard, op-
posite Norfolk-burned by order of
United States officers within week
after the firing on Sumpter-it had
been taken In hand and by dint Of
the tabor of skilled mechanics, plated
with railroad iron, and thus made
into one Of tho most formidable Of
destroyers the world has ever seen.
How the Merrimac defeated the
United States frigates Congress and
Cumberland, with q loss OF 220 mon.
that day, and how the next day tho
strange little choesebox Monitor sont
the armored Merrimac back to Nor
folk 80 badly crippled that 1t was
not again heard Of during the Civil
war, is history with which every
scholboy and girl Is familiar. Not
SO generally known Is the story of
how the Merrimac came to be armor-
ed. (,
Had the railroad iron which plated
the sides Of the Merrimao been en-
dowed with the power OF speech 1t
could have told Of blue-crested NOUN
tains far from the tidal waters, the
most picturesque section Of the Blue
Ridge. the superb region Of the upper
Potomac and Shenandoah. embracing
AA1s IVA GSAky 0A0 Guhk hlubbuIks
whore It had lain peacefully enough.
But "stonewall" Jackson came
along with his freshly organized
army and massed his forces along the
railroad and In those towns. For n
period Of two months he held that
part Of Virginia. together with q Sec
tion Of about fifty miles OF the Bal
timore and Ohio railroad.
Before the middle Of June, 1881,
jackson saw he, must evacuate. The
Union troops from the direction. of
Washington were pressing down the
railroad on Harper's Ferry, and from
Hagerstown and Cumberland, in
Western Maryland. they had began
to hem him also. IN.
At each end of the fifty mile sec
tlon which he dominated lay hostile
territory. The railroad as a trans
portation medium was OF no use to
him. as Its route was not in the right
direction.
But there was valuable rolling
stock at Martinsburg-no less than
Ten locomotives and 1870 freight cars.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-05-21

An English artist sketches subma
rinc scenes BY descendtng with 4
Divers helmet and using waterproof
paper and craycns = W. < I y Y,
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-05-21

OF the rs. 332 miles ofSraiIways IA
the United kingd om 1906 mile
are single lines. ~
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-09-19
A DISCREDITED CLAIM,

The Democratic campaign text book
continues to be discredited every day
by revelations Of the character Of the
prosperity We are enjoying, which the
Democrats maintain is OF their own
promotion, aud in no sense due to the
war. One Of the most impressive
facts, showing the beneficial effect of
the European war upon the financial
condition OF the United States Was
tue announcement a few days ago TINT
the government has now. a. IT'S sub
treasury in New York Citv about
S300,QpO,000 OF gold-thr largest.
amount OF gold ever. brough. together
in one place in tho history OF the
world. Statisticians estimate that il
the war continues one year more il
will send back To The United Sta.rs
every stock and bond and evidence Of
tndeb, edncss held in any other coUl-
Try against the Industries and m
ances Of the United States. II that
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-09-19
A ROLL OF HONOR.

There is no disposition among the
Democrats to call attention 10 the vote
b. which the Democratic majority IN
Congress surrendered its rights as
for that mess of pottase,
falsely called the eight hour law. In
the Senate every Republican memoeC
who was present save one, Senator
Lafollette, who has often given cyl
dence of eccentric views. was records
ed against the measure. Among these
clear yisioned men was Senator
Borah. who speaks in this city 20
night
The twenty-five Republican Senator'S
enrolled on the negative side against
the humiliating surrender, constitute 4
roll of honor. They show that the de-
fence of the nations institutions as
well as the defense Of the nation it.
self is regarded as special charge OF
statesmen. The party that
defended the nation against dlSunion
can be relied upon TO defend it against
the new communism which contains
all the germs of Il revolution. That
these men were unable to succeed in
their high purpose is due TO their
small. number, made so by the great
error which the country committed at
the polls four years ago. The country
is about TO so 10 the polls again. In
certain that the mistake of 1912 will
not be repeated. The roll Of honor
will be longer in the next Congress
because there will be more Republi-
can Senators there
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-09-19

in living. which the Democrats pro-
missed 10 reduce through the establish
ment Of its revenue only tariff, another
name for operative free trade. WITH
free trade in print paper the growth
of the American print paper Industry
was naturally arrested. The price OF
paper was never lowered. The build
ing OF American paper mills was
stopped. Millions OF dollars of an.
erican money has gone 10 build up
Canadian industry al the expense oil
American industry. Canada recip.o'
Gated by forbidding the expectation CT
pulp wood from crown lands. Paper
prices have hit monopoly level ana
the American newspaper industry uas
been struck staggering blow,-tae
result of the sacrifice of the principle
of protection. Beside and apart from
these results the government has lost
a large revenue. 10 make up for which
American newspapers must now paT
direct taxes on their bundle snip
ments.