davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-12-09
Little Boy Killed.

defense.
Little Boy KILLED.
DUBUQUE, Iowa, Dec. 9.-Stanley
Keck, 8, was crushed to death before
his grandfather's eyes today at the
Eagle Point quarry. The boy was
playing near by while Grandfather
Keck was digging out ehuge boulder.
It suddenly loosened and rolled upon
young Stanley
Dived to Death.
CEDAR RAPIDS, Iowa, Dec. o.
Raphael Van VIE, insurance man
from Aberdeen, South Dakota. was
sentenced today by Federal Judge
Wade, to two years in Fort Leaven-
worth prison for inducing his steno-
grapher to come here for immoral
purposes. Van VIE pleaded for
cIemency for the sake OF his aged
parents in New York, who, he said,
would suffer. if he is sent to prison.
It is reported that the mans wife in
Indianapolis. Ind, does not know OF
his. predicament.
Favors Cold Storage Law.
DES MONIES, Iowa. Dec. 9.-Gov-
nounced himself in favor Of law
limiting the, time food may be held
in cold storage. He said he may
include the question in his message
to the legislature if any feasible solu-
ton occurs to him.
Jones Case Near End.
RED OAK, Iowa, Dec. 9.-Attorney
Ralph Pringle talked from $3.50 a.
m. to noon today in the opening argu-
ment for F. F. Jones who is suing
Detective j. N. Wilkerson for 100000
slander damages for duplicating him
in the Villisca ak murders. Pringle
reviewing the evidence Of the
twenty-three days of the trial, at
tackled the testimony Of Wilkerson's
principal witnesses and declared Will
kerson had put on a show rivalling
the stories of Huckleberry Finn and
Tom Sawyer. 49,
The illness of c. c. Cool, a juror,
threatened for a time to cause
postponement in the middle or
Pringle's arguments. but after Cool
arranged for a physicians services
Pringle resumed, having lost fifteen
minutes by the interruption. He was
to be followed by Attorney w. Z.
Mitchell, who will make the only
argument for Wilkerson. Attorney r.
w. Beeson will close for Jones,
some time Monday or Tuesday, it is
believed.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-12-09

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The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-12-09

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The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-12-09

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The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-12-09
THE WEATHER

Fair and warmer. Local temp
- p. m. %; z a. N. 19.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-12-09

The Telegraph service Of The
Daily Gate City and Constitu-
tion- Democrat is received over
our own leased wire.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-09-30
COSTS 500 TO KEEP HORSE
Estimate Given by Farm Management
Department of the Nebraska Col
iege of Agriculture.

The cost of keeping a horse on the
farm for a year in eastern Nebraska
is upward of 500, according to the
farm management department Of the
college of agriculture. It cost $50 for
feed, $3.50 for interest at per cent
on a valuation of $3.50 for the horse
So for 10 per cent depreciation on
the horse, $12 for IS hours care at 16
cents an hour, $3.50 for shelter and
enough more for expenses to make
it total over 500. In western Nebras-
ka, on account of the lower cost Of
feed, the cost of keeping a horse is
estimated to be somewhat less.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-09-30
CARE FOR LITTLE CHICKENS
Do Not Worry Mother Hen BY Inter
ference-Feed Bread Crumbs
When - Hours Old.

When the eggs begin to pip. do not
worry the hen by interference, but
let her severely alone till the chicks
are all out and dry. Then remove
TO q dry -roOmy coop which should be
rat and skunk proof. II you can have
a small runway attached TO the south
side. enclosed by wire netting, SO
much the better. The hen should be
kept confined for few days, allowing
the chicks TO run in and out at viii.
Do not be in a hurry TO feed the
little fellows, bat scatter some coarse
sand or chick size grit in the chaff
or litter that you put on the floor OF
their coop. They Will pick at this
and begin TO learn TO scratch for them
selves When IS hours old, give some
dry bread crumbs or hard-bOiled egg.
Feed, often. but sparingly the first few
days Vary the food given. using
rolled oats, cornbread, curd and stale
light bread ground fine, or soaked in
milk and squeezed dry.
Keep grit, charcoal and clean drink
ing water always before them Feed
the hen first and the chick feed viii
last longer After the chicks are two
weeks old turn the old hen loose with
them to go where she will, always see
ing that they are securely cooped for
the night. At this age three feelings
a day are sufficient Cracked corn,
kaffir and wheat is a very good diet.
in addition to what they pick up
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-09-30
DISINFECT POULTRY
HOUSE FOR VERMIN
Sunshine Is Most Effective and
Economical Germicide That
Can Be Thought Of.

CBy n. L. HARRIS, Kansas State Agri-
cultural College.)
One is safe in using almost any of
the common coaI-tar dips that are on
the market for disinfecting poultry
houses. The most inexpensive of these
products are the common stock dips
which should be mixed at home. Most
of the poultry sprays on the market
are nothing more than the stock dips
ready for use.
The eggs of mites hatch in from
seven to ten days, so in order to get rid
of vermin it is necessary to follow the
two-week rule. Occasionally the en-
tire house should be sprayed. The
spray is made up to a strength of per
cent or three parts coal tar dip to 81
parts of water. Common kerosene is
also effective in getting rid of lice and
mites. 1t is used in proportion of 81
parts kerosene to three parts coal-tar
preparation. The ordinary hand or
bucket spray pump is used. The most
effective and economical germicide
that can be used at any time of the
year is sunshine.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-09-30

ana those that are selected to remain
in the flock are larger and more Wig
orouS, develop a heavier fleece and are
generally a source of profit and salts
faction.
Too frequently the flock master is
tempted to butcher the largest and
latest lambs for the extra value rep
resented in the immediate sale. This
is a grave mistake, and should never
be practiced if q good breeding flock
is to be maintained. The same care
full attention should be paid to selec-
ton as is used in the selection of dairy
cattle and laying hens. Wool at 30
cents and lambs touching S131O per
hundred on foot and wholesale should
result in more interest in sheep hus-
bandry, particularly where the labor
problem is q serious one and the need
OF some kind of live stock is felt.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-09-30

supply, and therefore the supply Of
available plant food, had been more
nearly maintained in the rotation of
the MANFRED plots. A great differ
ence in the color of the soil of the
where corn had been grown continu-
ously both with and without manure
was noticeable. The unmanured plot
was much lighter in color and of
much poorer texture, thus showing
very clearly its lack of humus as COM
pared with the one beside it. 1t must
not be understood from this that crop
rotation alone will maintain fertility,
but it is the first essential, and the
rotation must include legume crops.
Legumes are humus-buiIding crops,
because in order to put humus in the
soil, nitrogen is necessary, and these
plants secure it from the air. This
experiment shows clearly the adj
vantages of live stock farming in
maintaining soil fertility.
Upon the plot where farm manure
was applied with a rotation Of corn,
wheat and clover, there was a margin
Of SO bushels of corn per acre above
| the cost of growing. Estimating that
it will cost % bushels or about SO
per acre to grow the corn, there is a
cash profit of 80 cents per busheI, of
| S26.50 per acre.
In the second plot, where no ma
nure was applied, with a rotation o.
| corn, wheat and clover, there was a
margin of % bushels above the cost
of growing or a cash profit of $13.
On the plot where corn was grown
continuously for II years, without ro-
tation, there was a loss of $3.50 per
acre, or Is bushels below the cost of
producing an acre of corn.
Feed What You Raise and Raise
What You Feed.
Some of the crops will be marketed,
but in the end you will find that hog
skins and steer hides are the best
grain sacks that you can have on the
farm. Convert your grain and hay
crops into beef and pork and drive
it to market on the hoof. Alfalfa,
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-09-30
LIVE STOCK AND LEeUMEs

A ton OF average Iowa or Illinois soil
contains but a few pounds of actual
fertility; that is plant food material
which is available or ever can become
available for the use of crops. The
remainder is simply waste material
and cannot be used by plants as food.
When this fertility has once been ex-
hausted, remember that it is gone for
ever and will not return except as it
is purchased.
The actual value of soil is shown by
It's power to produce crops. This pro-
ductfveness depends not only on the
kind of soil, but upon the condition
Of it. The soil must be well drained,
contain a sufficient amount of vegeta-
bic matter or humus and be well
worked, in order to be in proper physi-
cal condition to produce crops. These
conditions are brought about principal
~ by tillage and crop rotation.
If it is possible then for the farmer
to control the air circulation in the
soil, its water-holding capacity, the
bacterial content, and its available
plant food by proper soil tillage, it
is surely profitable for every farmer
to give his land careful, personal
study SO that the conditions in it are
the best for the production of the
largest crops of the best quality.
Productive Land.
On farms where live stock is kept,
the land is much more productive
than on farms where exclusive grain
farming is followed. Where the crop
is sold On the market all of the plant
food contained in the crop removed,
is lost to the soil. Where all crops
are sold, a practice Familiarity known
as mining the SOIL" the result is,
without fail, the impoverishment of
the soil. This practice will result in
a deficiency in organic matter, which
is one of the most valued properties
in farm manure, and can be most eco
nomically supplied by its use.
No man should expect to make a
profit from farming by growing one
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-09-30
MARKING SYSTEM FOR SHEEP
Convenient Method of Apprehending
Ewes Which Have Neglected or
Abandoned Lambs.

The farmer who has had trouble on
account Of ewes failing to give proper
attention to lambs, thus losing track
Of them altogether, will find that q
system of marks with paint will en-
able the ewes and lambs to be got
together again at any subsequent day
IN case the lamb be abandoned. Sim
ply give both eve and lambs touch
of paint on the same part of the body,
each eve and her lamb being marked
at different point, says a writer in
an exchange. We have marked as
many as a hundred in this way and
have often had occasion to use the
system afterwards in experimenting
careless ewes.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-09-30
Ry - .. ToMsoN.l


Comparatively few farms are adapt
ed to strictly special purposes and
fewer farmers are inclined to special
lied vacations. The income on the
farm is usually of larger value when
derived from several sources. The
maintenance of live stock is a neces-
Sity in order TO maintain fertility. The
production of live stock necessitates
grasses for pastures and meadows
which conserve and build up the soil
fertility. Crop rotation naturally fol-
lows.
The question arises as to what breed
Of live stock is best adapted to the
conditions and viii insure the largest
returns. Long experience has proved
the combination of beef and milk pro-
ductiOn the most profitable and best
adapted to the varying conditions in
all parts of the country. Here and
there a man devotes his entire atten-
ton and resources to beef making; ex-
elusive dairying is engaged in by a
limited number; but the great mass
Of farmers are neither inclined to nor
situated so that they can engage TO the
best advantage in these individual or
specialized lines.
The breed of cattle that meets the
needs of this large aggregation Of av-
erage farmers, that suits their condi-
lions, that may be relied upon to yield
a profitable return, is the breed that
experience has shown combine q prof
table yield of both beef and milk.
There are several breeds that combine
to a greater or less degree these char
acteristics. The Shorthorn is the
most widely disseminated and has
been bred in greater numbers for
many generations. The distinctive
characteristics of the breed are adapt
ed to the conditions described. When
not in milk the COWS readily take on
flesh, and if occasionally one does not
yield a liberal flow, she quickly con-
vertS the feed consumed into beef and
is thus working toward the profit mark
through one channel or the other all
of the time. The calves, if the owner
desires to dispose of them, are eagerly
sought for feeders and butchers at
advanced prices If they are devel-
Oped on the farm they make liberal
gains and attain larger weights at a
given age than most other breeds. The
quality of flesh has always made the
Shorthorn popular at the packing cen
tiers. Combined with these advantages,
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-09-30

The Iowa Beef Producers associa-
ton carried on an Investigation in
Iowa covering a period of FIVE years
Data was gathered from 20 Iowa
farms in nine different counties
throughout the state. (See chart.)
On ten average livestock farms 81
bushels OF corn per acre were pro-
duced as against SO bushels per acre
produced Oh ten average grain farms.
On ten average stock farms 80 bush
els OF oats per acre were produced,
as against 90 bushels per acre on ten
average grain farms.
Ten average stock farms produced
% tons of clover per acre as against
II tons per acre on ten average grain
farms. These comparisons speak for
themselves.
One-crop System.
A one-crop system VIII impoverish
any country, and in turn it will i'm
poverish the people that are on its
farms. It is only through diversified
ton of crops and the using of our en-
ergies every day of the year, that we
can make a rich country.
Livestock farming is diversified
farming and calls for a system Of crop
rotation with legumes. 1t returns fer
tility to the soil. It adds interest to
the work of the young people and
finally it is best insuraE5s of an in
come. The kind Of live stock depends
upon local conditions. First, the pref
erence of the farmer, second, the en-
vironment. Cows, hogs, horses, mules,
beef cattle and sheep, offer a large
range of choice and fit into many con-
ditiOns. Horses and hogs are found
on every farm and they become very
profitable to the man who under
stands them. Sheep raising and dairy
ing may be combined as one herd or
handled separately.
In either case they will be found
profitable. Varying combinations of
live stock may be found profitable.
Livestock farming requires d de-
pendable feed supply. SiIage and al
faIfa are an excellent basis. Corn,
kafir, and other similar crops furnish
silage.
Each farmer should make a bust
ness of growing his own beef as well
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-09-30
COLT REQUIRES BOTH
ATTENTION AND FEED
Growing FoaI Needs More Food
Than Milk Given by Dam to
Make Mature Weight.

Ry PROF. NJ G. THORNBURG, Depart
nent Of Animal Husbandry, Iowa State
ColIege)
To make an 1,SOO-pound horse at
maturity, the colt should weigh from
900 to 700 pounds at weaving time
and 1000 pounds at one year. To
make the usual standard OF so per
cent mature weight at II months,
the growing colt needs more food than
the milk given him ey his mother.
Some oats, fed in a separate box so
his mother cannot get It, is better for
growth than corn because it is a more
balanced feed. a little bran and corn
viii do If the oats are not available.
Even If the colt is on pasture, he needs
q little grain.
Il the mare is working, the colt
should not follow her, wearing him
self out In the hot sun. He should
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-09-30
LIVE STOCK is NECESSARY FOR FERTILITY
HERD OF DUALPURPosE sHoRTHoRN cows

the Shorthorn has q docile tempera-
ment that has long been a factor in its
popularity. Shorthorn blood has a
very decided potency and improves eli
classes OF stock upon which il mag
be used.
The Live Stock Journal, London.
England, July 20 issue, states edito-
rally as follows:
'sIn the matter Of the adaptabIlity
of breeds let it never be forgotten that
the great source cf improved beef
blood the world oyer has been the
ShOrthOrn. The milk stock OF New
England and the 1onghOrn of Texas
both received their first improvement
through the heritage from Bates and
Booth and the Ceilings. In the blue
grass region the sons and daughters
of Durham found their best environ
ment, and the ShOrthOrn became then,
as it still remains, the backbone OF
the corn belt and the stay OF the gen
eral farmer. In the West and South
west the first warming up given the
scrub and Mexican cattle was at the
hands of this breed; the rise in the
beef industry in the Argentine is al
most inseparable from the expansion
of the ShOrthorn interests, while from
20 to so per cent of the Australasian
chilled beef is evolved from grass be-
meath red, white and roam pelts. In
such a manner this British breed Of
generalized achievement encircles
the world. Its adaptability grants it
the pioneering quality; its all-around
usefulness DEGREES its permanence."
The Pol1ed Durham is the hornless
ShOrthOrn, and a faYorite with many
on account of its hornless feature. The
red POlled breed is also a favOrite in
some sections and combines the beef
and milk characteristics. But the
ShOrthOrn has been the favorite from
one end of the country to the other
because of the several qualities that
are combined and that are produced
from generation to generation, work
ing improvement wherever applied.
1t is this dual purpose characteristic
that suits the purposes Of the great
mass of farmers who, for various rea-
sons, do not engage in specialized
farming. Mixed husbandry has long
been recognized as the foundation Of
our agricultural prosperity and the
ShOrthorn has admirably and success
fully contributed in large measure to
the advancement OF diversified farm
ing.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-09-30
HOPPER SYSTEM OF FEEDING
Begin by Supplying Dry Mash and
later Include Grains-Feed Oats
for Bone and Muscle.

at this time OF the year If it has
not previously been done. the hopper
system OF feeding should be intro
duced for the growing chicks. Begin
by supplying the hoppers with dry
mash and later include grains. espe-
cially oats Some tell US that their
chicks VIII not eat oats, but there is
nothing better for growing bone and
muscle. Hopper feeding greatly les
sens the amount OF labor in caring
for chicks and gives the smaller and
weaker chicks an equal chance at the
feed with the others.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-09-30
cow is DESERVING
OF ESSENTIAL REST
Without 1t Animal Cannot Lay Up
Requisite Supply of Fat for ;
New Lactation Period.

By CARL Z. JOHNSON, Idaho Expert
ment Station.1
The accumulated experience Of pro-
gressive dairymen proves that a cow
should have q rest between lactation
periods. If MIXED continuously up to
the time Of freshening, the period into
which she freshens Will be less profit
able than the preceding. without rest
it is impossible for her to renew her
depleted strength or to lay uD a sup
ply OF fat for the new lactation period,
nor can she properly nourish the now
rapidly growing foetus.
It may seem like wasting feed TO lay
fat on a cows body, but in reality it
is not, for the fat will later appear as
fat in the milk. Moreover, when a COW
freshens she is usually more or less
feYerish, and her digestion impaired
to a certain extent. To place her on
full feed at this time is to invite trou-
BILE. But If she is In good condition
the Withholding OF her feed viii result
in no harm, inasmueh as her needs
VIII be taken care OF by the fat stored
on the body. A thin cow has no such
reserve and one has 70 choose between
decreased production or take chances
on her powers to stand up under full
feed.
A COW should be given at least six
weeks rest If intermittent and par
tial milking fails 70 dry her up, with
holding the grain ration and feeding
rOughage such as timothy and straw
VIII be found helpful Ten days or
two weeks should be allowed q COW to
reach full feed after neshening-
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-09-30

crop and devoting two-thirds of his
time to doing it. Farming is a bust
ness and requires all of our energies
intelligently directed.
Interesting Experiments.
Among hundreds of experiments
conducted in the past % years with
different cropping systems one of
them carried on for a period of II
years by the Missouri agricultural col
lege stands out as a striking ex-
ample of the influence we have upon
the soil, to improve 1t, or exhaust it
as we choose.
Live Stock and Legunes.
For II years three systems of farm
Aing were practiced on three plots of
ground.
On plot one a system of livestock
farming was pPacticed; that is corn,
wheat and clover were grown in rota-
ton with grain crops, the crops fed
to live stock and the manure returned
to the land.
On plot two a simple rotation of
corn, wheat and clover was followed
and the crops harvested and sold off
the farm.
On plot three corn was grown ev-
cry year for IL years, and every crop
harvested and removed from the land.
On this plot the yield was reduced in
the last year of the experiment to lis
bushels per acre.
Where the land had simply been ro-
tated to corn, wheat, and clover, the
Weld was 5O.7 bushels per acre, and
where manure was added in a corn.
wheat and clover rotation, the yield
was 77.6 bushels per acre.
No more striking results OF the Ell
feet OF crop rotation could be found
and there Is little doubt that the most
important cause of this increased
yield is In the fact that the humus
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-09-30
GOOD START FOR THE LAMBS
Provide Creep to Protect Trough for
Exclusive Use Of Youngster@
Give Mixture of Grain.
Ry H. L GARRIGUS. Connecticut Ex-
neriment StatiOul

Ry H. L GARRIGUS, Connecticut Ex-
pertinent Station-)
A creep or hurdle should be ar
ranged to protect a trough in which is
kept for the exclusive use of the
lambs, a supply OF mixed grain. This
should consist of corn, five parts; oats,
two parts; bran, two parts, and oil
meal, one part. Some fine clover or
alfalfa hay should also be accessible.
The ewes should be encouraged to
keep up a good flow of milk, as this,
too, is an important factor in the de-
velOpment of a good lamb.
Lambs reared in this way are less
apt to suffer from stomach worms :;
command a higher price per pound
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-09-30
BUFF oRPINGToN is POPULAR
Fowls Do Well in Confinement and
Are Very Manipulating Quail
ties Have Been Proved.

The Orpingtons are an aII-around
fowl, stately and handsome. They
were originated in England about
twenty-five years ago. and are among
the larger breeds, beautiful buff color,
pink or white legs. white flesh, plump,
round bodies Weight OF cock 10
pounds, cockerel 81 pounds. hen s
pounds. puIlet Z pounds. They do well
in confinement; fOur-fOOt fence is all
that is necessary to cOnfine them They
are very hardy and are not affected