The Cordova daily times., 1916-07-05
REAL STRENGTH OF GERMANS
 IN TURKEY


 Press.) For the first time since the war began the full facts are now made known as to the number, and nature of service, of the German officers and men in the Ottoman army. At the present time 36O officers, and 1867 non-commissioned officers and men of German origin are serving with the Turkish army. navy and coast defense system.
 Of this number 253 officers and 517 non-commissioned officers are at. tached to the mobile army and in terior Qualifications; while 107 off. cers and 1850 non-commissioned of. ficers and men serve in the Ottoman navy and coast batteries.
 | Nearly all the German officers and men in the Ottoman army reached Turkey early in 1915. by way of Rou- mania and Bulgaria, while the Ger. man members of the Ottoman navy come largely from the German battle cruiser Goeben and the small cruiser Breslau, and from German merchant vessels informed at Constantinople when the war broke out. Some of them came to Turkey over the Balkan route during 1915 and during the pre- sent year.
 All of them have been loaned" to the Turkish government. that is to say, while they actually enter the military service of the Sultan they never lose their German citizenship or divest themselves of the obligation to serve in the German army.
 The nucleus of the German person nel of the Ottoman army was the Ger man military mission under Liman von Sanders Pasha, which went to Turkey after the Balkan war, 1912, and succeeded the mission headed by the late Field Marshal von der Goltz Pasha. The mission was increased first in December, 1914, when Turkey entered the European war. Since then it has grown to the proportions given above, Technically every Ger man soldier entering the Ottoman military service becomes member of the mission. His standing Is no other at any time. though Germans born in Turkey may become actual members of the Turkish army. Their number is small, however, most of them serving as interpreters.
 Until the allies landed on Gallipoli, the duties of the German military mis- sion consisted entirely of reorganiza- tion. Up to that time it's members had been occupied putting the Otto- man army on a new basis in tactical and administrative matters. When the campaign on Gallipoli commenced, the Turkish government was obliged to put the head of the mission, Field Marshal Liman von Sanders Pasha, in command of the Gallipoii army, composed of parts of the Third and Fifth armies of the Ottoman army, eight divisions in all.
 The number of Germans with the Gallipoli forces, was small at any time. Besides Sanders Pasha, there were on the peninsula for time Gen eral Weber Pasha, commander of the South or Sedd el Bahr group, who succeeded Col. von Sodenstern; Col Kannengiesser, commander of an Ana, farta sector; Lieut.-Coi. Winners Bey commander of the Eleventh division, then stationed north of Suvla bay; MaJOr MunIman, on WSucI St"ii ' Major F.. R. Prigge, who acted as Lii man von Sanders chief of staff; two German artillery captains, one cap tain of engineers, six first iieutenants one of them being von Rabenau, only German officer taken by British, five second lieutenants, four supply off l cers of the German reserve, seven army surgeons, two officers of the field intelligence and communication service, and two ayiators. To these must be added a German captain of cavalry, Rittmeister von Wester hagen, who had been in the banking business in Wall Street. Von Wester hagen did not remain long on the pen insula, leaving for Anatolia with We Der Pasha when that general was re placed at Sedd el Bahr by Wehit Pasha in July.
 With the Anatolian army about the same number of German officers served. Weber Pasha, who has al ready been named, was the highest officer of German origin. There were