davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The labor advocate. [volume] (Cincinnati, Ohio) 1912-1937, 1916-07-15
DECLINE IN THE COST
OF LIVING
Figured Out BY the Bureau of La
bOr-RelatiOn To the War
in Europe.

Washington, July 12.-The cost of
living, after rising steadily since 1907,
except in 1911, took a downward trend
during 1915. A report by the Bureau of
Labor, issued today, analyzing retail
prices of 80 articles of food, shows that
relative retail prices during 1915 aver
aged 1 per cent lower than in 1914
Meats, lard and eggs averaged from 1
to per cent lower, while potatoes were
90 per cent lower. Wheat flour, corn
meal and granulated sugar were higher
than in 1914, flour being 20 per cent and
sugar II per cent higher.
Commenting on statements that the
European war is the dominant influence
now controlling price changes of all
commodities, the report says:
ut is true that retail food prices in
creased greatly Immediately after the
outbreak of the war, and it seems prob
able that they have been maintained at
higher level ever since as conse-
quence of the increased demand abroad
for our foodstuffs. A study of the re-
tai pllIC STATISTICS VI lllc DuTcdll, HOW
ever, will convince anyone that with
the exception of sugar, flour and pos
sibly cornmeal, the prices of the princi-
pal articles of food since October, 1914,
have been governed by local and sea-
sonal conditions and not by the extra
ordinary exigencies brought about by
war.
"The price of sugar shot up SO per
cent from July Is to August Is, 1914.
The elimination of beet sugar of Ger
many, Austria and Russia from the
American market has kept prices higher
during 1915. While -four did not jump
in price so spectacularly as sugar, the
cutting down of the area devoted to
wheat growing in Western Europe and
the cutting off of Russian wheat from
Western Europe, resulting from the
war, have so increased the demand for
American wheat and flour that flour
prices have advanced even more than
sugar prices.
Beef prices increased suddenly al
the beginning of the war, but soon fell
again, since which they have behaved
normally"
The labor advocate. [volume] (Cincinnati, Ohio) 1912-1937, 1916-07-15
FREE SPEECH RIGHTS
FLOUTED BY COURTS

Seattle, Wash.-Judge Boyd ]. Tall
man believes strikers have the right to
pickett they impersonate an Egyptian
mummy.
The court says he has discovered no
law against picketing, providing it is
quiet, speechless picketirg," or if the
pickets use words which the court di-
rectS, constitutional guarantees to the
contrary notwithstanding.
The st. German bakery secured an
injunction against striking cooks and
bakers and later asked for damages be-
cause of picketng. This the court re-
fused, but told the strikers mot to in
sist on each and every one of your
rights if it is going to get you into
trouble"
The learned court dspelled any ilu-
sion workers may have regarding their
right to freely speak their mind being
responsible for same as the law pro-
vides. This principle does not apply
when strikers are involved. Then, prop
erty rights are paramount with human
rights sidetracked by injunction judges.
Judge Tallman could not conceal his
mailed fist beneath the velvet glove. He
permitted the strikers to picket, but they
cannot speak to any one while in front
of the unfair bakeries or say anything
about the employment of Japs or China
men or do any other thing that would
cause persons not to trade with plaintiff.
The pickets were given permission to
carry badge or scarf, with the words
st Germain bakeries and restaurants
unfair to organized labor" But nothing
more, cautioned the court. mo such
words as Don't trade with them or
Don't go into their stores, or anything
of that kind"
After denying these workers rights
that are conceded, without question,
business men and all other citizens,
Judge Tallman assured the plaintiff COM
pany that it could sue individual strikers
for damages. He said:
Hence, | think that this (the union)
being voluntary association, not being
organized under any express statute, it
cannot be sued by an individual, but the
individual members may be sued, just as
the member of a partnership may be
sued"
In other words, if the strikers exer-
else their right of free. speech they may
be sued for damages, not because they
violated any libel law, but because their
statement of facts regarding deplorable
working conditions reduced the size OF
an employers pocketbook
After they have paid all damages
court costs and attorneys fees, Judge
Tallman can jail them, under contempt
of court proceedings, for not coninine
themselves to his mummilied vocabulary
The labor advocate. [volume] (Cincinnati, Ohio) 1912-1937, 1916-07-15
ENGLISH UNIONISTS
ATTEND DEDICATION

Washington-H. Wilson Howes and
George A. Isaacs, of London, England,
representing the British Trades Union
Congress, attended the A. +. of L. Of
flee Building dedication. The former is
Secretary of the Printing Machine Man
ayers Trade Society and the latter is
General Secretary of the National So
ciety of Operative Printers and Assist
ants of Great Britain. These, together
with representatives of the Mexican
trade-union movement, who are in the
city comforting with the Executive
Council of the A. F. of L., Canadian or
ganized workers and banner for
warded by the Porto Rico Federation
of Labor all gave testimony to an in
ternationalism that only labor feels
and knows.
Practically every National and Inter
national Union affiliated to the A. F. of
l.. was represented, as was central and
the State bodies from every section of
the country, either by representative
or their banner, which they forwarded.
They were here from the Atlantic sea-
board and Southern States, from along
the Pacific coast and from the Great
Lakes region.
The banner of the Danbury Hatters'
Union, proudly carried by delegation
from this local. attracted attention, 1t
recalled labor's successful fight against
trust classification and the passage of
the labor sections of the Clayton Anti
Trust Law.
The labor advocate. [volume] (Cincinnati, Ohio) 1912-1937, 1916-07-15
CONSIDER DISBANDING
OF SOCIETY
Nonunion Street Car Employees of
Cincinnati Traction Company
Worried Over DeScrtiOns.

Nonunion street car employees of Gin
cinnati Traction Company held meet
ing last Thursday evening in Room 9O5,
First National Bank Building, at which
a dissolution of the organization which
they have maintained since the forma-
ton of a union three years ago, was dis
cussed. 1t was said after the meeting
that a decision whether the organization
is to be abandoned will be reacher at
a special meeting to be called by non
union officials.
More than 60 conductors and motor
men attended the meeting. Officials
of the organization were exceedingly
reticent regarding what transpired, but
would not deny that the disbandment of
the organization had been freely dis
cussed.
Desertions from 'non-,inion ranks to
the union since the union and the trac-
ton officials signed their new agreement
granting desirable concessions to the
union, have been frequent recently, it
was reported, and have been cause of
alarm to nonunion officials.
1t is said members of the nonunion
organization openly expressed deter
mination to join the, union at the meet
ing.
The labor advocate. [volume] (Cincinnati, Ohio) 1912-1937, 1916-07-15
SCALE EFFECTIVE.

Toronto, Ont-Beginning the first of
July the new scale of the Plumbers
Union took effect The maximum is
~ cents per hour, an increase of eH
cents. On July 1, next year, another
increase will be granted, max
ing the minimum so cents an hour. The
union shop is also conceded by employ
erS, who have concluded that a continu
ance of friendly relations Is more pro-
htable than go through another strike
similar to 1908.
The labor advocate. [volume] (Cincinnati, Ohio) 1912-1937, 1916-07-15
STEEL WORKERS STRIKE.

Baltimore.-About 1875 of the $50 steel
workers employed by the Carnegie Steel
Company suspended work when three
of their fellows were discharged for
circulating a petition The men re-
quested the company to establish an
eight-hour day, instead of the present
ten-hour system A 10 per cent wage
increase, with time and one-half for
overtime, was also asked.
The Pulaskian., 1916-10-06
FAv0RITE ROSES
By ELIZABETH VAN HENTHuYsEN.

By ELIZABETH VAN BENTHUYSEN.
 There is absolutely nothing in the realm of esthetic culture that is so thoroughly dominated by personal fa- vor as the selection of a pet rose. Every lover of the garden and of the home beautiful selects favorite rose almost as soon as the interest of flower culture is born.
 I have been much interested in the seasons favorites and the reasons given by rose enthusiasts for their likes and dislikes. They offer to the student and the culturist valuable hints in the care and selection of any favorite, because what one may find as an argument for his pet blossom may be equally true in any number of cases and many of my readers may be able readily to meet the claims advanced by others and find equal merit for their own selections.
 The delicate formation, coloring and perfume of the rose all combine to make its study especially worth while. Intelligent choice of a favorite often marks the fiower-lover as gifted-and a selection that does not follow popular fancy always reveals an amateur who Is not superficial. For instance, the enthusiasts are now experimenting with the Gruss aus Teplitz, love ly hybrid tea, to find out how well it will stand the winter in northern climates. Personally, I think that the rose is sufficiently hardy to stand any thing save an unusually cold zone. 1t has the advantage, too, of being pro- life producer of blooms. From May until November the raiser of the pretty tea rose is rarely without some sweet evidence of the possession.
 It can be planted in the sunshine or in the shade, under hanging trees or in the open, and little severe pruning in the early spring is about all that the delicate rose demands. There Is something in the rose that binds the present to the past, and one feels like the owner of a rare old bit of period furniture when it forms part of the garden.
 Those who do not believe the an cient adage that every rose must have its thorns are showing much partiality this year for the Paul Neyron. Every month 1t produces its flowers, with the blossoms on long stems and leaves ot a beautiful dark green. If cut when in bud. the flowers have remarkable lasting quality. AS said, it is almost thornless. and its flower develops near
The Pulaskian., 1916-10-06
DUCKS THRIVE ON SOFT FOOD
Nutritive Organs Not Adapted to Whole Grans-Give Them Green
 Feed in Abundance.

The ducks nutritive organs gre not adapted to whole grains. The natural diet of ducks is soft food, worms and bugs, from the banks and marshes. For best development, ducks should have soft feed, always accompanied by wa ter in pans deep enough to permit them to submerge the beak to the eyes. Give them lettuce, spinach, beet tops, onion tops, weeds-green food of some kind in abundance.
 For a few ducks the vegetable par ings may be boiled and fed with mash ; small potatoes, not to exceed fifth of the mash, may be used. Too many potatoes are not good.
 For stock ducks in autumn and early winter, an excellent ration is equal parts of cornmeal, wheat bran and boiled vegetables, with 10 per cent of beef scrap fed morning and evening at noon little cracked corn, wheat or oats. When the birds begin to lay, in- crease the proportion of meal and scrap, and add low-grade flour, mak- ing a mash about as follows: Meal one part; bran, one part; low-grade flour, one part; vegetables, one part with from F to 15 per cent of beef scrap.
The Pulaskian., 1916-10-06

ly every shade of pink. It needs little save proper planting in soil free from weeds and fertilizing with old manure.
 Harrison's Yellow, an Austrian brier, is also one of the favorite flowers of this seasons culturists. It is a sturdy member of the rose family, possessing the hardness that makes such an ap- peal to the rose lover. Harrisons Yellow is no pampered child of luxury. It just grows up," like Topsy, if it has the least chance. The buds of clear, pure yellow begin to show in May. The foliage is fine and small, with pleasing green. A lazy man or woman ought to adore the type, for it needs practically no pruning, unless one wishes to limit the growth. The flowers are put forth on wood of the previous season, so that if pruning is to be done at all it ought to be done only after towering.
 The Killarney rose is also being giv- en a prominent place in the years planting. Its freedom from disease and from insects commend it to many of the best growers, and the pink-and- white flowers have an odor of wonder ful character. They should be set out in the spring as soon as the danger of frost Is over. Dig hole two feet square by two feet deep, place few stones at the bottom for drainage, and then fill with good soil, mixed with well-rotted manure.
 If large roses are wanted, cut the buds so that only few remain. Gut ting the long stems improves the plant. After thorough blooming, prune back freely, and the bush will remain healthy and will increase in size. They require covering before the frost ap- | pears.
The Pulaskian., 1916-10-06
ROAD BULL DING
NEED OF STANDARD METHODS
Roads Should Be Classified on Basis of Density of Traffic Into Main
 Lines and Feeders.

Standardized methods of road con. struction and a standard system os classifying highways are needed. No system of classifying highways is bet. ter than that of traffic density. It ia highly desirable that careful counts should be instituted by state highway officials to determine the present main routes of travel. Just as in railroad evolution, density of traffic deter. mines the amount of investment. so highways should be classified on tha basis of density of traffic into trunk lines, main lines and feeders.
 In railroading, a light traffic is han- dled by a single line of track with switches; main line traffic is handled by double tracks. Trunk lines han. ding heavy traffic are sometimes four tracked, six tracked and even eight tracked.
 The solution reached in the con- struction of permanent country roads around Cleveland is instructive. It is similar to the solution followed in
The Pulaskian., 1916-10-06
WIDE WAGON TIRES FAVORED
Oklahoma Adopted Measure After Con- siderable Study of Road Cues
 tion--Most Economical.

Oklahoma, when it drafted it's new road legislation provided penalty TOT using wagons of two tons or more ea- pacity that do not have at least three. inch tires. The measure was adopted after a considerable study of the reau question. Dealers who sell vehicles which do not come up to the state re- quirement make themselves liable TOT a fine of not less than $5 nor more than $25 for each wagon sold.
 Tests by the federal roads depart ment indicate that the three-incn ure is the most economical for farmers. h. stead of being destructive to roads, IL helps to make them better. Narrow tired wagons, which. are uniyersaiiy common, are very hard on roads.
The Pulaskian., 1916-10-06
DESTROYING WORMS BY DRAGGING WITH LOG.

(Prepared by the United States Depart
 ment of Agrieulture.)
 Fall army worms are reported to be present in great numbers in Oklahoma and Kansas. The worm is a hairless, striped caterpillar, about 112 inches in length which attacks variety of cultivated crops. It is especially in- furious to grass, alfalfa, corn, sorghum, kafir and millet. It is suggested by the United States department of az riculture that when the worms are found attacking crops the following control measures be taken:
 1. Provide yourself with a spraying apparatus and keep on hand several pounds of some standard insecticide, such as arsenate of lead, arsenate of zine, or paris green.
 2. Watch carefully the grass grow ing among the cultivated field crops in the bottom lands or in the low places of the fields, and upon the first indica- tion of the presence of these caterpil- lars apply poison spray as recommend ed below
 3. In case of a general invasion, af- ter the caterpillars have gone down into the ground in order to change to the next stage, which is the pupa, many of them can be killed by culti- vating the ground wherever this is possible.
 4. When the caterpillars are on the march or are starting in on one cor ner of field of grain, they can be headed off by blowing a deep furrow directly in front of them. The larvae falling into this furrow can very read fly be killed by dragging a log through it. Where the whole field is infested blow furrow around it so as to keep them out of the surrounding fields Burrows should be kept free from rub bish, so that the larvae will have no means of crossing to the farther side
 ,. Grass and other vegetation that
The Pulaskian., 1916-10-06
ILLUSTRATION OF TRAP NEST
Device Intended to Assist Poultry Breeder to Find Out Best Layers
 and Keep Pedigrees.

This is an illustration of trap nest mot a guillotine. It is designed to help the poultry breeder to find out his good layers and to keep pedigrees. It is very simple. It may be attached to the under side of the dropping board, with the front facing the pen and ar- ranged so that it can be easily re- moved. The dropping board will then be the roof of the nest.
 The rear of the nest may be of wire for the sake of ventilation. If the nest is placed on the wall, slats or wire should be inserted from the front of the nest to the wall at a sharp angle to prevent the hen from roasting on the nest. When she enters the nest, the hens back raises the door. which re- leases the catch and allows the door
The Pulaskian., 1916-10-06

railway evolution. The right of way for the highway lies between two fences 60 feet, more or less, apart. Economy is attained by building the permanent highway one-half as wide. leaving the balance of the dirt road for the present as before.
 In railroading it is an axiom that the capacity of single track of rail- way with sufficient switches and uni form speed of trains is practically un- limited. In Cuyahoga county, Ohio, hundreds of miles of permanent coun- try roads of narrow widths are being built, using a special type of brick which is produced cheaply in that lo- cality for the surface, set upon ce- ment foundations. Future genera tions may widen these country auto tracks if they so desire. But they will act more wisely if they invest the money in an equal number of miles of new narrow roads of permanent construction to act as feeders.
 A 12-foot permanent road is pass able, summer and winter, for the har- vest loads. The dirt road lies to one side of the new trackway just as be- fore. The country needs thousands of miles of narrow roads of perma- nent construction, intersecting as feed CTS with the wider main lines and trunk lines. Such feeders need not be wider than 12 feet. The advantages are plain. Not only are such roads passable summer, fall, winter and spring for the harvest loads, but they are also permanent.
 And, above all, they are state ana municipal undertaking, and not SUD ject for federal endowment.-Wah Street Journal.
The Pulaskian., 1916-10-06

by day. when the white bar across the wing and it's nasal cry are distinguish. ing. The skillful evolution of a com. pany of nighthawks as the birds grace fully cleave the air in intersecting cir. cles is sight to be remembered. Sc expert are they on the wing that no insect is safe from them, even the swift dragonfiy being captured with ease. Unfortunately their cratic flight tempts men to use them for targets and this inexcusable practice is seri. ously diminishing their numbers which is deplorable, since no birds are more useful. This species makes nc nest, but lays its two spotted eggs on the bare ground, sometimes on the gravel roof of the city house. The nighthawk is voracious feeder and is almost exclusively insectivorous. Some stomachs contain from 30 to 50 diff. ferent kinds of insects, and more than 600 kinds have been identified from stomaehs examined by experts. From ooo to 1000 ants are often found in a stomach. Several species of mosqui. toes, including the transmitter oi malaria, are eaten. Other well-known pests destroyed by the nighthawk are the Colorado potato beetle, cucumber beetles, chestnut, rice, clover-leaf anC cotton-boll weevils, billbugs, bark bee ties, squash bugs and moths of the cot. ton worm.
 The red-tailed hawk, or Then, hawk" as it is commonly called. is one of the best known of all our birds of prey, and is widely distributed species of great economic importance It's habit of sitting on some prominent limb or pole in the open, or flying with measured wing beat over prairies and sparsely wooded areas on the lookout for it's favorite prey, causes it to be noticed by the most indifferent ob, server. Although not as omnivorous as the red-shouldered hawk, it feeds on a variety of food, as small nam mals, snakes, frogs, insects, birds crawfish centipedes, and even carrion
 The sparrow hawk, which is a true falcon, lives in the open country anc
The Pulaskian., 1916-10-06
THE BIGGEST GERMAN TREE

The German empire has produced many things that have held records for magnitude but none of them hold more interest than the empires big gest tree. It is huge linden located on the outskirts of the village of Staff felstein, in Bavaria. The folklore and history of the region say that the tree is five hundred years old.
 The authorities have filled the hol- low interior with cement to strengthen and preserve the landmark. It is 80 feet in circumference.
 During the Napoleonic invasion of Germany it is related that the French Marshal Berthier rode his horse into the hollow of the tree and turned the animal around there.
The Pulaskian., 1916-10-06

greater part of their long lives in pur- suit of injurious insects and rodents.
 The notable increase of noxious TO- dents during the last few years in cer- tain parts of the United States and the consequent damage to crops are duei no small part to the diminished num- Der of birds of prey, which formerly destroyed them and aided in keeping down their numbers. A few hawks are injurious, and the bulk of the depre- dations on birds and chickens charg- able against hawks is committed by three species-the Cooper's hawk, the sharp-shinned hawk and the goshawk.
 Cooper's hawk, or blue darter,' as it is familiarly known throughout the South, is pre-eminently poultry and bird-eating species, and its destruc- tiveness in this direction is surpassed only by that of it's larger congener, the goshawk, which occasionally in autumn
 and winter enters the United States from the north in great numbers. The almost universal prejudice against
 birds of prey is largely due to the ac- tivities of these two birds, assisted by a third, the sharp-shinned hawk, which in habits and appearance might well 1 pass for small Cooper's hawk. These birds usually approach under cover and drop upon unsuspecting victims,
 making great inroads upon poultry l yards and game coverts favorably situ- | ated for this style of hunting.
 l The night hawk must not be con- l fused with the whippoorwilI. The lat 1 ter lives in woodland and is chiefly 1 nocturnal. The nighthawk often flies