davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1916-07-07
A FRENCH-BR|T|SH
VICTORY REPORTED
GERMAN LINES FoRcED BACK ON
BOTH SIDES OF soMME, go
MILES NORTH OF PARIS.
TAKE LINE SEVEN MILES LONG
Battle Covered Entire Front of 25
MiIes-Thousands of Prisoners
Taken by Alies-French Re-
capture Thiaumont.

London, July 2.-French and Brit
ish troops, thrown forward in grand
offensive against the German lines
on both sides of the river Somme, 60
miles north of Paris, have penetrat-
ed at one point to a depth Of five
miles, like a gigantic wedge, taken
several villages, and captured laby-
rinth Of trenches, extending to a
depth of 1000 yards on a front Of
seven miles.
Advance on 25-MiIe Front.
The drive, the most spectacular in
this region since the British captured
Loos last September, began after the
German trenches har been bathed in
a hail Of shells from guns Of every
caliber for days. Progress has been
reported along the entire front of 25
miles. The British have taken 1000
prisoners, including two regimental
commanders and the whole of one
regimental staff.
The greatest success gained by the
British was on the right. In the cen
ter they captured what are desig-
mated in their official report as many
strong points. along a front of four
miles. But north of the Anore val
ley to Gommecourt powerful counter
attacks by the Germans have result
ed In forcing the British back from
various sections of the ground gain
ed in their first onslaughts.
French Capture $500.
The town of Albert was the start
ing point of the fiercest thrust, the
British advancing from east of the
town to Montauban, more than five
miles away. Besides Montauban and
Serre the villages of Hubuterne, La
Boiselle and Mametz have been cap
tured. Two thousand German pris-
oners have passed through the Brit
ish collecting stations
In cooperation with the British,
the French initiated strong Of
fensive. South of the Somme they
captured four villages and north of
that river they established them
selves in the neighborhood of Har-
court and Curtu. The number of un-
wounded German prisoners taken by
the French had reached $500 up to
the time of the sending Of the last
official report.
The recapture Of the famous Thiau-
mont works by the French also has
been effected. This important STRAIT
egic point has changed hands several
times and around it probably thou
sands of men have fallen On the
left bank of the Mouse the fighting Is
most intense around hill 304, LIE Mort
Homme and Avocourt.
Fought Through the Night.
London.-All through the night the
great British and French offensive
which began Saturday morning con-
tinued with intensity and there was
no diminution in the battle on Sun
day. Both British and French war
offices report steady advance at
certain points, but speak also of the
formidable German resistance.
Fricourt, an important town three
miles east of Albert, has fallen to the
British arms, while the French have
taken Curlu, which lies to the south
east.
Thousands Of Prisoners.
The fighting at the southern end of
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1916-07-07
Zionists Raise Fund.

Philadelphia Nearly $175,OOO to
aid the cause Of Zionists was sub
scribed at massmeeting Sunday, the
first day of the 10Th annual conven-
ton of the Zionist organization of
America. Headed by Justice Louis
D. Brandeis Of the United States SUI
preme court, prominent Jewish men
and women are here.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1916-07-07
Carranza Takes Time.

Washington.-Whi administration
officials manifested Impotence Sat-
urday over the delay of the Carranza
government in replying to the Amer
lean demand for an explanation of its
purposes, private advices from Mex
leo City indicated that a defiant an
swer was being prepared. The state
department has had no direct infor-
nation as to when the Mexican re-
Spouse would be. sent, or how it
would be transmitted.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1916-07-07
Vodka Ban Made Permanent.

Petrograd.-The duma has passed
the bill permanently prohibiting the
sale of drinks containing more than
one and one-half per cent of alcohol.
The measure must be passed by the
upper house and signed by the en-
peror before becoming a law.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1916-07-07
Humanity Flrst-soolaIistIe.

Albany, N. Y, July morris Hill
quit of New York, presiding as chair
man of the state convention Of the
socialistic party here, declared that
the policy Of America first" is vic
ious" and contended that his party
should stand for humanity first. "
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1916-07-07
Ask Wilson to Aid.

New York.-President Wilson has
received dozens of kilograms from all
parts of the country urging him to
intercede with the British govern
ment in an effort to save the life OF
Sir Roger Easement, sentenced to
death for treason.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1916-07-07
British Want Prices Regulated.

London.-A special trade union
congress Of 600 delegates, represent
ing 100000 organized workers, met
in London recently and adopted
resolution asking the government to
take steps to regulate the prices of
food and fuel.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1916-07-07
Texas Town Burns.

Brownsville, Texas.-The business
section Of Pharry, headquarters for
the third brigade of the New York ma
tional guard, was almost wiped out
by fire Sunday. The loss was about
$4,000.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1916-07-07
Guards Now In Texas.

Ell Paso, Texas-Trainload after
trainload of national guardsmen pull
ed into Ell Paso Sunday, but while
many unloaded for stations in this
vicinity, most of them were rushed
on to points westward to complete
concentration on the frontier.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1916-07-07
LIoyd.ceoroe's New Job.

London.-The appointment of David
Lloyd-George as minister Of war has
been settled, the Daily Chronicle
says and his appointment will be
announced shortly.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1916-07-07
Preparedness Parade At Toledo.

Toledo, Ohio.-More than $4,000
persons representing all walks of life
took part in the preparedness pa
rade here Saturday.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1916-07-07
Russia Grants Riohts to All.

Petrograd.-The Russian duma has
adopted a bill according to peasants
the same civil rights as are given to
other classes of the population.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1916-07-07

Hopkins Bros. are erecting build
ing at Blackfoot in which they will
open meat market about August l..
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1916-07-07

IN commercial way.
Rayk G Gunther have succeeded Grof
& Huesman, general merchants at
Roklyn.
The Koerner drug store at Leaven-
worth has moved into larger and bet
ter quarters in the Tholin building.
Charles Taylor has purchased an in
terest in the Toggery, gents clothing
and furnishing store at Leavenworth
Hansen & Welborn, implement deal
ers at Almira, have been succeeded by
Hansen & Co., Joseph M. Lyons having
purchased the interest of Mr.. Welborn.
Anthony Stoves, druggist at Ros-
Ign, has been fined $75 and costs on
his plea Of guilty to the charge of
selling whiskey in violation Of the pro-
hibition law.
Bert Williams, charged with the bur-
glary of the Rosalia Hardware COM
pany store, which was recently entered,
has pleaded guilty at Colfax and re-
ceived sentence of six months to five
years in the state penitentiary.
The Russell Supply company at Che
welah Is more than doubling its floor
space by the addition Of the storeroom
adjoining formerly occupied by the
Richard Drug company and the utiliz-
ing of the room 1t has used for it's
flour and feed department.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-09-23
WESLEYAN AND DAV|S-ELMNS To
OPEN COLLEGIATE SEASON TODAY
PITT Orders END
TRAINING AT CAMP
HAMILTON YESTERDAY

PITTSBURGH. Pa, Sept 22.-The
preliminary training season for the UNI
versity Of Pittsburgh gridiron contiug-
ent. which began on September 9Th. was
brought to /; close to-day, when camp
was broken and the players lett Camp
Hamilton for Pittsburgh. in order to pc
settled In their permanent quarters NY
the time recitauons begin. Monday next.
During the two weeks remaining before
the opening OF the season, on October
9TH. practice will be continued at Trees
Stadium end at Forbes Field. :,
Coach kerrs freshman squad was call
ed on: OH the Goth. and very capable
group OF players. many with excellent
records from high or preparatory school
teams, responded. In addition to the
eight or nine men who enjoyed the osn-
efitS OF the training at Camp Hamllt oa,
with the varsity. there are several play
ers Of unusual promise in the class who
first reported in Pittsburgh when the
call for candidates went out, and from
present indications the freshman team
will be fast and we'll balanced. me
final game of the season that with the
penn State Freshmen is looked upca
as the most important, and MARKS the
beginning of athletic relations OF TINS
nature between the two big Pennsy!Va-
mia universities.
Developments during teh first two
weeks of varsity practice Indicate that
the Panther lineup will include as first
string men at least seven or eight Of the
stars Of last years eleven. the gaps
caused by graduation and ineliSloil!ty
being filled by second string players Of
the 1915 organization. The team vii!
probably carry about as much weight as
last years. and it is not believed that
there will be any falling off in speed.
Those who have watched warmers men
in the carly season scrimmages are cen
fideut that the great coach will present
a machine the equal Of the 1915 cham
pions Players who are showing eHcep-
tlonal form are Thornhill, the crack
tackle: Heron and Carlson, ends, and
McLaren. who Is playing a great game
at fullback. Sizes. one Of the biggest
men on the squad. is being used at quar-
ter and has a strong asset In his punt
i,,,,
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-09-23
BETHANY OPENS WITH
VIZ J.THIS AFTERNOON

BETHANY. W. VA. Sept. 22-The
drizzling rain did not stop Coach Hey
men. this afternoon and as the last
preparation for the game with Washing
ton and Jefferson college tomorrow af-
ternoon, he put his warriors through
light signal practice. The team will
leave for Washington from the Wheel
ing station ut 1920 tomorrow morning
over the B. & O., and will be accom-
panied by q large crowd Of students. At
q meeting held here tonight prepare
tions for giving the team a royal send
off in the morning were completed. The
following players will be included in
the lineup starting the game:
Tyloock, lie; Rosenberg, II; Kenny, lg;
Rider. C; Johnson. re-; Hepburn, TT;
Ranye. re; Artman, ab; Goodyear. rh;
Burgan, III; and Elder, RIB.
Washington and Jefferson's lineup
which was received here last night will
probably be: Whitehil, lie; Carroll. 1t;
Wimberly. lg; Guy, 0; Straw, re-: Henry,
TT; Tressell. re; Stable. ob; Fiber III;
Gurley-Ruble, RI; and McCreight, fb.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-09-23
COLLEGES IN
EAST WILL OPEN FOOT
BALL SCHEDULE TODAY

NEW YORK, Sept. 22-Thc initial
games of the eastern football. season
Of 1916 will be played on college grid
irons tomorrow when scattering con-
tests are staged from Maine to Mary.
land. Only two Of the leading teams or
last year will make their debut this
Saturday Harvard opens against Colby.
which scored q touchdown on the Grim
son last autumn. and Dartmouth plays
New Hampshire State, Il new conner on
the Hanover teams schedule.
The other big teams Of the section,
including Yale. Pennsylvania, Cornell
and Princeton. have selected later dates
for their opening skirmishes, although
q majority are already well advanced
in practice routine and could enter the
football arena tomorrow If the coaches
demanded. So far as it Is possible TO
forecast the results Of the games
scheduled, none should develop play
much harder than the average daily
practice now being held on leading var
sity fields.
The majority Of the elevens which
have established football regulations OF
high degree are not called upon tomor-
row to face opponents which are likely
to test their playing strength to any
great extent. Harvard. Dartmouth. Rut-
gers, Georgetown. Washington & Jef-
ferson. Pennsylvania State and Buck
ness are expected to emerge with sub
stantial scores in their favor.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-09-23

BUCKHANNON, W. VA. Sept. c2-
The above is the probable lineup OF
Wesleyan and Davis-E1kins in the in
ttia1 clash OF the football season here
tomorrow afternoon at 3:45. Coach
Mullinex and Coach Neale would not
say that this lineup was definitely de-
cided upon, but barring injuries that
may keep some OF those named out and
the recovery OF some who are not count
ed upon as being able to play, the above
will be correct. Morrison. Varsity end
here Is suffering with slight injury as
IS Harris, but both these men may play
q part Of Saturdays game. The moving
Of Beck to end in this lineup is an UNI
expected move and the decision to use
Kelcel Ross. the A1l-Star High school
halfback from the local high school in
1915, Is also a surprise. Clark. Taylor.
Roberts and Ross are the only men
who will start against D. 4 E. who have
not had previous experience at Wes-
lcyan. Henryetta. Neale, Eschappae:
Glen, Merideth. Grimm, Fisher. and
Ward Of the new men will all likely
get called into the game before its
close and Ressegger. Jacobs. c. Smith
Deem, Garrett, Curtis. Harrison. E
Smith and Harvey Of last years reter-
ans will certainly be used before the
game has gone far.
The officials who have been agreed
upon are B. F. Reiter Of Marietta Col
eige, Referee: and Boyd Carter of West
Virginia University. as Umpire. No
head ltnesman has as yet been agreed
upon but one will be selected from the
local talent
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-09-23
WHO THEY PLAY
TODAY AND WHERE

Bucknell University VS.. Bloomsbury
Normal, at Lewtsburg. Pa
Dartmouth vs.. Now Hampshire State.
at Hanover, n. II.
Georgetown VS.. Randolph-Macon, at
Washington, D. G.
Harvard VS.. Colby at Cambridge.
Holy Cross VS.. Connecticut Aggies at
Worcester, Mass.
Bowdotn vs.. Mi6dlebury College, at
Iiddlebury. Vt
Pennsylvania State College vs.. Sus-
quehanna University, at State College.
Pa
Rennsselear Polytechnic Institute vs..
Clarkson College. az Troy. n. 7.
RUTGERS College vs.. Albright College
at New Brunswick, n. J.
Washington & Jefferson vs.. Bethany
College, at Washington Pa
West Virginia Wesleyan ys. Davis
and ElkfnS College, at Buckhannon..
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-09-23
SUPERbAS
MAKE 1T THREE STRAIGHT FROM
CARDINALS BY FREE HITTING
9Ane Developed Into Faroe-Pht111es
Take P!ratoS-GiantB Make It II
ftruirht-Bravea Lose.

BROOKLYN. Sept. 22-Brook!yn
made It thre straight from St Louis by
winning the last game OF tho final ser
les between the two clubs today. II 10
!. The seasons record between the
clubs Is:
Brooklyn IS; st. Louis I.
The contest was q farce because OF
the free hitting Of the league leaders
and Meadows wildncss. Yarmouth
pitched the last two innings and yielded
eight hits and four runs. Marquard
toyed with the visitors. In the last INN,
Ing. Bohne walked, was allowed to steal
second and third and scored on Horns
bys single In the eighth inning John
ston stole second and third and scored
on q double steal with Hickman. Score:
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-09-23
SMALL FIELD FOR
The LOUISVILLE CUP.

LO1.E@z2ILLE, KY. Sept 22-Onc OF
the smallest though probably the best
field which has faced the barrier since
the inauguration Of that event will start
in the fourth renewal Of the Louisvllie
cup for three year olds and upward, g
two miles lat Douglas Park. here tomor.
row. -
OF the twenty-four horses nominated;
for this event not more than Blk arg;
expected to go tA the post Of whichls
is possible three will be from the stAbNj
Of A. K Macomber. The Maconber en-
Eibles are Star Hawk. Dodge and HANK,
ODay. 49,:
Star Hawk appears to be tho publis:
choice and probably will 90 to the post
an odds on favorite. Among the others.
expected to start are Killanna, EN-
broidery and Waterwitch. The LoutecS;
willie cup is worth about $4,000, ana u
the richest event of the fall season ~
Doug las Park. In addition handsome
silver trophy goes to the winner. 4:
ChicAso has dedicated q new CLUB.
house for boys in Larrabee istreet.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-09-23
CLAY AND UNION TEAMS
BATTLE TO A &C TIE

The 1916 football season was startea
Yesterday afternoon when Clay anu
Union schools battled Tor one noue Ve
The feature of the game was the forty,
ward run of Norton Of the Clay scnoo!
Tor the only touchdown on the Ciay
school team, while Co1ey or the Union
school made the TOUCHDOWN LOT MS
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-09-23
RED S0X
WIN PITCHERS BATTLE FROM N.
DIANS AND TIGHTEN HOLD
ON LEAD.
Tigers Win Be1ated Victory from Sea-
Sox Trim YaukeeH-

CLEVELAND, OHIO. Sept. 22-Bos-
ton won 4 to 1 today from Cleveland,
in pitchers battle between Shore and
Bagby. the former allowing but three
hits while only five were made of Bag,
by. Only one hit Of the eight registered
by the two teams was wasted. Boston
scored two in the second on Hoblitzels
double. Wambsganss error, Lewis sim
gle and Cady's triple and two moro IN
tho ninth on singles by Hooper and
litzcI and Lewis sacrifice fly.
Clcveland'S only run cameras the re.
suit Of Speakers hit and steal and
Roth'S single. Score:
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-09-23
PH1LLHs TAKE PIRATES

PHILADELPHIA. Sept. 2@@-Philadei-
phia today made good use of near All
its hits and took advantage Of Pitts
burghs errors and won to !. The WIS
itors outbatted the home team. by plS
rho bases as against twu for Philadel-
rlFssassSsss5vans was knocked off the rub
be $sR the first inning and Harmon
who was also hit hard. was relieved by
Il. II. II.
Pittsburgh ...... 900 el0 Ills 10 :
PhiladcIphia 49,. 200 03l Ion 10 .
Evans, Harmon. Jacobs and Fischer;
Mayer and killifcr.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-09-23
SHE'S ON TODAY
Scholastic Football Season OF with q
RuHh This Afternoon at Benstro
BSu Park.

Scholastic football for tho Wheeling
district will be opened this afternoon
when Bellaire and Bridgeport High
school football teams play in the open
ing game at the Bellaire Ball park. The
familiar thud Of the cleated shoes
against q highly inflated pigskin will
not prove uninteresting to a number Of
the fans Of the gridiron sport. Bel
latre has heavy team and should win
Handicapped by the lack OF material.
will nevertheless put UP a hard fight,
and speed may be victor over weight
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-09-23
WHITE sox TAKE YANKEE.

CHICAGO, Sept. 22-Chicago punched
hits Oft MoGridEe today and won the
first game Of the farewell series with
New York to 3. Cicotte vas hit hard
but frightened up in the pinches. The
locals failed to gain on the worlds
champions today but remained in the
pennant race. They still are 21s games
behind the leaders. Score:
New York II % 1eo1 o. II I
Mogridge, Fisher and Alexander; CT
cote and Schalk, Lapp.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-09-23
PLAY BENEFIT GAME

Sunday afternoon, on. the Tunnel
Green, the Moose 81 and the Du-
uuesne Club teams will play for the
benefit Of Joe Bliskie, center neloer OF
the team. who was injured IN an aCcl-
dent at the Wheeling Mold & Foun9[y
Company. Burkhardt, stump, Eu-
wards and Wagenheim Will WORK ios
the Moose, while Pearly, Neunarot anu
WEIGH will go on the mound lot inc
DuQuesne team.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-09-23
GIANTS MAKE IT SEVENTEEN

NEW YORK. Sept. 22-Ncw York to-
day euualled its straisl winning strfaN
of last May. detcats Chicago TO ..
and scoring its scveF nth consecutive
victory. In additioE Inc Giants made
a clean sweep OF tls- chicago series.
SnIlne, who had been i'll for several
weeks, shut on, Chicago with seven
scattered hits. Perry. 4 southern as
ISOLATION recruit. WAS hit hard by New
r. Fl. r:
t,bicoro QUO unn nnn-U
Now Sc~k 90. lul I'M ~ u
Perry. Pcndergast and Wilson; Saliec
and RariIcn, kochcr.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-09-23
DAVE says:

DAVE says:
This is the first day of ALL
tumn, an appropriate day
for YOU to select your new
KRAUS FALL SUIT
Autumn colors are radiant
but in satisfying effective
ness they are unable to sur
pass quiet and digni6ed suit
ings that we are showing.
One special suit, a pinch
back, with marrow plcats
above the belt, will especial
ly please the. young men. 1t
comes in blues, greens and
browns, and is a special at
$4,000.
Other suits priced from
$500 to $4,000.
Weather for to-day: Fair.
&-20,~..
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-09-23

Two base hits-Hornshy. Snyder,
Mowrey, Olson. Cutshaw. Stolen passes
BONN 2: Hornsby 2: Johnston ). Mey-
ers, Cutshaw. Hickman. Sacrifice hits
Meadows, Mowrey. Dauhert. Double
play-Bohne. Stewart and Snyder. Base
on balls-off Meadows 8: Yarmouth ];
Vanguard 2. Struck out-by Meadows !;
Yarmouth !; Marquard d. Hits ana
earned runs-off Meadows II III 6; War
Left on bascs-St. Louis Z; Brooklyn
16, Hit by pitcher-by Meadows tEut-
shawl; by Yarmouth tMerkle): I'm
rires-Klem and Emslie. Time-2 hours
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-09-23
TIGERS DOWN. 20 iToRs.

DETROIT, Sept. 2sEs t broke its
losing streak today. defe$ Washing
ton 6 to s. Thomas. leftE led recruit
pitcher from Dcs Moines ,3s:.s effective
against the home team until f@he seventh
inning after which Dertoit hit him
freely, three triples and home run be-
ing among the safettes made. Ayers
relieved him in the 9th with the bases
filled and none out. Witt hit the first
ball Ayers pitched for a single. scoring
the tying and winning. runs. Score:
R H. E.
Washington o111o2 o-5 10 /
Detroit 80 0 0 o 0 o 2 A6 9 3
Thomas, Ayers and Henry: Mitchell,
Boland Cunningham and Stanage.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-09-23
ATHLETICS LOST.

ST. LOUIS. Sept. 22-st. Louis rallied
in the eighth today, scoring four runs,
beating Philadelphia to 3. and moved
into NTH place. Cleveland having lost
to Boston. Score:
r. H. E.
Philadelphia 0 o.1soo % 10 0
St. Louis 30 0 0 1 0 / 0 4 Ks s 2
Myers and Haley; Plank and Hale.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-09-23
BRAVES DROP ANOTHER

BOSTON, Sept. .2--Cncinnati made
q clean sweep on tn" three game series
with Boston. taking the final game
to today. Nchf WAS hit hard and was
poorly supported. Three double plays
nv Cincinnati cut short Boston rallies.
r. 1t. T..
Cincinnati . To-: 00U inn---S IL I:
Boston ...-..... .lgV w V"--1' "
knetzer and HUM; Ncht and hIacN-