davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser., 1916-01-29
"OVERHEAD" AS IMPORTANT
ON FARM AS nv FACTORY

, sisting of three essential constituents
nitrogen, often known as ammonia.
phosphoric acid and potash. Every
type of soil has characteristic supplies
Of all three OF these plant food con-
stituents The ordinary farm crops
are grain, hay and roots. All differ as
to their plant food requirements, but
these two fundamental facts must be
kept in mind in purchasing fertilizers.
The cost Of the plantfood should be
the last thing to consider Too often
men are induced to buy the lowest
priced fertilizer Irrespective of how it
meets the need Of their soils and of
their crops. When purchasing ferti-
lizers study the percentage of am
monia, phosphoric acid and potash and
choose an analysis which appears
suited TO make up for any known
weakness of your soil. Then see to 1t
that the analysts of the fertilizer also
meets the special needs of the crop
to which il is to be applied. No one
can tell you accurately just what
ANALYSIS Is most profitable to use on
your soil for any definite crop. II must
be settled by yourself on your own
farm. The proper thing to do is to
leave an unfertilized strip in the field.
Choose an analysis most likely to suit
your conditions and apply. Observe
InB kIOh III VI hIiB tlpP NCtS SiCHta9
and at harvest time measure the
Yields of the fertilizer VS.. the un-
fertillzed portion and also record the
difference In quality between that part
of the crop which was fed and that
which was not fed. If any character
istio weaknesses show up on the
fertilized spot change the analysis for
your soil in accordance with the indl-
cations which you observe.
l.AA l. aFaT a
and made to produce without spray
Ing. all orchardists agree that better
profits result from spraying. While a
dairy COW will produce milk when fed
on shock corn, she will make q far
better record If fed silage, clover, hay,
cottonseed meal and some other con-
centrate in connection with corn.
Likewise, you can grow a crop with
out fertilizer, but experience proves
that the use of commercial fertilizers
will return increased yields Of better
quality and earlier maturity.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser., 1916-01-29
COUNTRY CALENDAR

If your fowls have been kept indoors
all winter, be sure that the weather
is fairly settled before turning them
out-of-doors toward the end of the
month. Sudden changes are very often
disastrous. The cold, damp days of
early spring leave much havoc in their
wake in poultry yards.
IL you want to utilize the services
of some of your broody hens this
spring be sure that they are in earn
est before you place any eggs under
them. Hens that are broody in Febru-
ary are very often changeable, just
like the weather this month.
Be sure that your water supply is
ample and clean at all times.
Another wise precaution is to see
that the eggs that you are saving for
, matching are not chilled In the nests
before you gather them. Eggs re-
served for Matching should be kept at
| q temperature of from so to so de-
grees, and on their sides. They
should be turned once or twice
day.
Don't forget the three evil D's-
damp, drafts and dirt. All of them
are costly to the poultry-keeper.
| II you have glass windows in your
poultry house look to it that they are
| cleaned often. A lot of sunshine may
be kept out by the dust that is the
\ result of scratching litter and which
settles on the glass.
| Before you start your incubator run
1t q few days before putting In the
eggs, In order to make sure that it is
in good working order.
| II handling an incubator is new TO
you spend q good deal of time learn
| ing how to run it. Follow the manu-
facturer's directions in preference to
taking a lot of irresponsible SAY sos''
in regard to it.
Order your seeds early. Seedsmens
catalogues are all available now, and
there is no reason why your lists
should not be ready to send to the
dealer If your garden for 1916 has
been planned.
| AS soon as you have ordered your
seeds look over the garden tools and
decide what you need to replace those
that are worn out. Send your orders
for new tools early and avoid the
rush.
Sow. in greenhouse or window
glass, seeds of cabbage. cauliflower
tomatoes and peppers for planting
outdoors early.
Try some Jersey Wakefield cabbage
in flats filled with light loamy soil
Sow the seed the last of the month
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser., 1916-01-29
PROPER NESTS AND PERCHES
FOR THE SMALL FLOCK

have the nests attached TO the walls.
so that the floor may be left free,
especially if the fowls are closely
confined. There should not be a
platform in front Of the nest boxes Or
there will be much quarreling and
probably many broken eggs. II
there Is simply a box edge 10 stand
on the hen Is obliged to enter the
nest or fly down. When there 8te
several nests in a row, the front of
each should be an inch or two above
the nesting material or the hens will
endeapor 10 pull the eggs from one
nest 10 another. l have had hens
collect several eggs IN one nest IN
der conditions which seemed 10 make
It almost impossible for them to do
so.
II is well 10 have slanting board
at the top of the nests 20 prevent the
birds roostiug there. Many poultry
men advocate dark nests. bat they
are not necessary, although il Is true
that a hen viii select a dark nest ia
preference to a light one. About the
only good reason, however. for the
use of darkened nests Is thai they
minimize the danger OF the hens ae-
curing the egg g-eating habit. but this
trouble usually results from eggs be
ing accidentally broken. Light, open
front nests may be suspended from
hooks, so that they may easily be
removed and disinfected. One sue
cessful poultryman Uses nest large
enough to accommodate several hens
at the same time. 1t is covered with
a slanting board and entered at the
end, and it gives fun satisfaction.
The nesting material ought to be
sweet and soft Fine hay is excellent.
rl4lrlyly 1b=OYth fhg DIDis
musty nesting material and are early
soied when first laid, being covered
with a wet, sticky substance. They
can be washed, Of course, but that
impairs their weeping qualities. IN
order 10 help keep the nests free from
vermin. 1t is well TO put "a handful of
limo under the nesting material, but
they should be periodically cleaned
with kerosene or painted with a pre-
pared lice paint. Hens will not thrive
in q yermin infested house and the
presence OF these pests robs the anna
teur of his enthusiasm for poultry
keeping.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser., 1916-01-29

Machines make money for you when
they are in use;. they cost Toa money
when they stand idle.
A machines makes tho greater pos
sible profit for it's owner F.hen Il ie
used continuously in profitable work
till 1t is worn out. Then it is really
worn Quit does not rot or rust out
The average farm implement IS
only about half worn out by use
alone. The rest of the wear is due to
rust and decay.
Acres count In the life OF a machine,
not years.
These are some of the striking facts
about machinery emphasized by a re-
cent study conducted by the depart
ment, the results of which have been
published as Bulletin No. 1888, "The
Machinery Cost of Farm Operations
In Western New York"
1t was found that the cost per acre
covered is the real measure Of the
value of the service given by an i'm
plement, and that, on the average,
the more acres covered per year. the
more profitable it proves to its owner.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser., 1916-01-29

The manufacturers of all kinds OF
merchandise find that with a factory
If given capacity certain expenses are
tho same whether the factory is oper-
7ted at full capacity or on half time.
Those expenses are known as "over-
aead," and in them are included rent,
supervision, light, interest on invest
nent, taxes, repairs, etc. Every farm
is factory and no matter whether
YOU grow q bumper crop or poor one.
rent, farm power, repairs on farm
machinery, interest on your invest
faent In horses, machinery, etc, con-
stitute overhead charges. AS your
yield increases your overhead on each
bushel produced decreases. As your
increase yields within limits you not
only decrease the amount of overhead
ON each bushel raised, but you also
save on the cost of labor and seed,
Cor Il does not cost twice as much to
plant or cultivate q 60-bushel crop as
n S0-bushel one.
Though Yields are Of prime import
snce they do not tell the whole story.
Quality determines the price per
oushel, dozen, barrel or per ton which
yo1r crops are worth. Corn, for IN
it's maturity or ripeness, plumpness of
kernel, eoundness of ear and shelled
product. AS there are nearly six COM
u1ercial grades of corn the difference
Of value between the highest and low
est grades is sufficient to make sew
eral dollars difference in the check for
1000 bushels. The same is fully as
true as regards hay and other grains,
while with fruits and vegetables the
question of quality often determines
whether a crop can be marketed at all.
n has been pointed out that early ma s.
turity, another most important fac
tor, quality and yield depend not only
on the amount of fertility available
TO the plant but even more so on the
balance of that fertility or the pro-
portion to each other of nitrogen, the
stalk grower; phosphoric acid, the
ripener and filler. and potash, the
stalk strengthener.
Fertilizers are carriers of available
MINT food, complete fertilizers, con
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser., 1916-01-29

Fowls are able to roost on 81 gmall
round pole, but are much less COM
Portable than on 2x3 scantlings, SET
IN edge with the upper corners slight
Is rounder. All the pefches in the
poultry house should be the same
aeight; otherwise the hens viii fight
Tor the highest one. Also, they should
be higher than the nest boxes OF other
furnishings on which the hens might
perch, for hens of the lighter breeds
ia particular invariably seek the
highest point available when they re-
tire at night.
It is best to have the perches de-
tachable, SO that they may be taken
ont and disinfeeted frequently. Wash
ing them with kerosene will quickly
clean them of vermin, but this work
must be done often. There are prep
arations on the market with which
the perches may be painted and
which will keep them entirely free
from mites for from one to six
months. In some poultry houses the
roosts do not come in contact with
the wall, but are set on low horses at
the rear of the house This is a sam
itary measure which has much to
recommend it, as perches and sup
ports may be quickly removed and
cleaned and the lice cannot readily
lind shelter in wall cracks. 1t is well
to have all perches low enough so
that the hens will not receive a Sc
vere Jar when they seek the floor in
the morning.
Many practical poultrymen are
abandoning dropping boards. thereby
greatly decreasing the amount OF
labor which they must perform. A
board may be set upright TO prevent
the dropplngs being mixed with the
litter. When the droppings are dry
they are not offensive, and q little
earth or land plaster may be thrown
over them occasionally, SO that clean
ing out the house is not necessary
oftener than once a month.
The nests may be simply open box
es fastened to the wall. In some
houses orange crates are set upright
on the floor and partly filled with
nesting material, each crate making
tFo nests. 1t is better, though, to
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser., 1916-01-29

1t should be sown thlnly and covered
lightly. The flats may be placed in a
hotbed, or in any warm, sunny place.
As soon as the plants develop trans
plant to uats 11a inches apart. and
expose to the air when the weather is
favorable. They may be removed to
a coldframe in March.
Sow some Prietaker onions in flats
In hotbed or greenhouse, late in Feb
ruary and transplant to the open
ground in rows one foot apart as soon
as the ground is in working condition.
The plants should be set three inches
apart.
Spread heavily over your rhubarb a
dressing of well-rotted manure during
the latter part of the month. If you
would like some extra early stalks of
rhubarb place a headless barrel over
few of the more sturdy plants and
pile fresh horse manure around them.
Cover the top of the barrel lightly.
A great deal of pruning should be
done during February. The trees that
are not attended to now will require
attention during March, when other
work will be pressing.
Cyclamens soWn from seed in the
fall need repotting now in three-inch
pots, in a soil of leaf-mold and
fibrous laom in equal parts, with the
addition of little sand.
One of the earliest pruning jobs
should be, among the grapes. so that
there will be plenty of time for the
wounds to heal before the sap flows.
Cut out all portions of apple trees
that show signs of canker. Otherwise
the spores will get on tho fruit next
summer and spoil its quality.
Look out for black knot when you
are working among plum and cherry
trees, and cut off all branches that are
! infected.
Cuttings of rubber plants and
dracaenas will easily root now, and
you may also propagate bouvardfas
for early winter towering if you will
make root cuttings at this time. Cut
up the large roots into pieces one-half
| inch long. Place in sand, and give
bottom temperature of 70 degrees.
/ Do not be too hasty about potting
| carnation cuttings. They should have
a good supply of roots, and the soil
should be finely screened; also include
| a little manure and sand.
| 1t is a wise plan to repot palms be-
/ fore they start their new growth;
| but the work should be very carefully
done, lest the plants be injured. If
you use old pots, be sure that the soil
is entirely changed.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser., 1916-01-29

In your flower garden plans make
provision for some new roses, and
order from your nurseryman two or
three old plants, to be delivered later
when 1t is time to plant.
Plan also for some groups of white,
pink and crimson peonies.
As soon as the snow has gone for
good, the garden should be thorough
ly raked over, and a liberal amount
of well-rotted manure scattered over
the soil. Then when the frost is out
of the ground and the soil is work
able, the manure should be spaded
in. Use at least a wagon-load of
manure to each fifty square feet of
garden space.
How about that incubator IL you
have decided that you are going to
have one this spring. get your order
in to the manufacturer early, so that
you will not be disappointed by a
possible tardy arrival at the freight
station. A little later everyone will
be ordering, and delays are danger
Gus.
For Matching extra early stock, in
cubators should be started the mid
die OF February. This will give you
chicks early in March. and with
careful brooding, they will get a good
start and be ready to lay in the fall,
when eggs are scarce.
/ Many amateurs, however. especi-
ally those that are interested in Med
! iteiranean breeds, defer starting
/ their incubators until March I. Those
who raise the American or AsiatiC
varieties would do we'll to make ar
early start. as these breeds take
longer to develop.
BE sure that your flock has beer
| built UP for an effective breeding
season. 1t is cheap insurance against
poor matches and puny chicks to use
! eggs from only healthy and vigorous
stock Separate the best-matureG
/ and developed stock from the others
| feed them well, and use only theil
| eggs for Matching purposes.
Many authorities give as an abso'
| lutte rule for success in mating pens
for breeding TO place two-year-olt
males with pullets. and cockerels will
the older hens.
As soon as YOU complete the ar.
rangement of the breeding pens dis
pose of the surplus males, reservins
but one or two for possible change.
/ in the makeup of the pens. The idl,
males are expensive dodgers.
| IL you want to have some broiler.
this spring. the incubator should b,
started early in February.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser., 1916-01-29
MANAGING MACHINERY WE'LL
IMPORTANT FOR FARM SUCCESS

For example, it was found that for
the territory of Western New York
sJrFeyed the mower that covers but
fourteer acres per year cost its owner
t1irty-slX cents per acre, while the
mower that covers tifty-three acres
f"nually cost but ten cents per acre
cit.
OF the implements studied, the
walking plow shows the longest life In
days of service, 224 days out of a to-
tai of twelve years, while the two
row corn planter shows the shortest
life in days of service, nine days out
of eleven years. or about nine-tenths
Of a day per year.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser., 1916-01-29
FARM FACTS

II you will sow some hollyhocls
seeds now. you should have blossoms
before frost comes next fall.
Gloxinias should also be ready for
repottine in FIVE and six-inch pots in
much the same soil used for cycla-
mems, with the addition of COW
manure and a little charcoal.
II you would hold red spider in
check. maintain humid atmosphere.
Syringe your plants carefully when
the sun shines, and hit the under side
of the leaves.
Lily pips are carried
in cold storage by dealers, and can be
bought and started at any time. They
respond very quickly to moisture and
heat.
In the window garden sweet alys-
sum can also be started In flats, and
will be ready for transplanting out
doors when the frost is out of the
ground.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser., 1916-01-29

In your flower garden plans make
provision for some new roses, and
order from your nurseryman two or
three old plants, to be delivered later
when Ii is time to plant.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser., 1916-01-29

Sow. in greenhouse or window
glass, seeds of cabbage, cauliflower.
tomatoes and peppers for planting
outdoors early.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser., 1916-01-29

1t is a wise plan to repot palms be-
fore they start their new growth;
but the work should be very carefully
done, lest the plants be injured. If
you use old pots, be sure that the soil
is entirely changed
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser., 1916-01-29

IL you want to have some broilers
this spring. the incubator should be
started early in February.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser., 1916-01-29

AS soon as YOU complete the ar
rangement of the breeding pens dis
pose of the surplus males, reservins
but one or two for possible changes
in the makeup of the pens. The Idle
males are expensive dodgers.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser., 1916-01-29

Do not be too hasty about potting
carnation cuttings. They should have
a good supply of roots, and the soil
should be finely screened also include
a little manure and sand.
Newark evening star and Newark advertiser., 1916-01-29

Try some Jersey Wakefield cabbage
in flats filled with light loamy soil.
Sow the seed the last of the month.
Mountain advocate., 1916-09-15
PROGRAM
Sunday School Institute
to be Held at the Bap-
fist Church, Artemus,
KY, Sept. Is, 1916.

1000 a. m. Devotional EXer-
Fcise.
1890 a. m. THE Value of a
Sunday School Institute
Walter Hurd.
lO:45 a. m. Missions in the
Sunday School,,
G. w. Nicholson, j. A. Lowry.
l1:2O a. m. -"Doctrinal Teach
ing in the Sunday School,
/ w. r. Marsee, w. r. Chick.
200, M Adjournment.
SATURDAY NIGHT.
7:3O p. m. Devotional
500 pm. How to Interest
Young People in S. S. Work."
Matt. McKeehan, j. c. Jackson.
$50 participating to Teach
a Sunday School Class,
Miss Orlie Williams. Jno. Jarvis.
9:00p.m. Primary Folks and
How to Teach Them"
Mrs. John w. Hughes.
800 pm. -" How to Conduct a
Glass Recitation"
John w. Hughes.
$40 p. m. Round Table Dis
cussion.
1000 p. m. Adjournment.
Mountain advocate., 1916-09-15

Generals enormous mills. Not dollar is
left unspent which would speed up produc-
ton, increase quality or lower costs.
Materials food of the mills--is bought
by the General in enormous quantities, land
stored. This means the pick of the market
and favorable buying, and no loss from idle
machinery, due to shortage of materials.
Thus the success of CERTAIN-TEED
Roofng is no secret, but is due to a combin-
alton of resources and experience without
parallel in the roofing business.
CERTAIN TEED is made of the best
quality roofing felt, thoroughly saturated
with scientific blend of soft asphaltS, the
formula of the Generals board Of expert
Mountain advocate., 1916-09-15

DR.. VIM. Cox. of Corbin, was
here Sunday afternoon.
Mrs. Lucy Tinsly Cobb, Mrs.
Stanley Williams and Prof. Volem
rendered a delightful program of
music at the Luncheonette last
Sunday afternoon.
Man past SO with horse and
buggy to sell Stock Condition
Powder in Knox County. Salary
$40 per month. Address 9 Indus
trial Bldg, indianapolis, Indiana.
Mrs. Nj. S. Costeliow went to
Louisville, where she will attend
the State Fair. From there she
will go to Indianapolis, Ind. and
some other northern towns. -.
Miss Fanny Noe who is attend
ing the Lincoln Memorial Hospit-
al at Knoxville, Tenn, learning
to be a nurse, returned there last
week after spending a few days
with home folks.
Mrs F. r. .Barner returned from
Hobart, Okla last week where
she has been spending the sum-
mer with her daughters, Mrs.
r. d. Bowersock and Mrs. X. l..
Caudill.
Congressman Powers came
home last Saturday morning and
will be here for several weeks,
or at least until after the No
vember election. He will be on
the stump most of the me.
Winter is coming and you will
have to get ready for it, you will
need a new stove. See the fine
line of Coles Hot Blast Heaters
and Ranges at the Barbourville
Furniture Co.'S store. Jim Arch
er will show them to you.
Drs. |. ID. Wigginton and T. ID.
Vankirk have leased the stable
back of the Masonic building and
opened there last Saturday a
veterinary hospital. They also
have opened a veterinary hospi-
tai at Barbourville. Ky. Three
States. Middlsaborol Sent . -
Mountain advocate., 1916-09-15

A recital will be given at the
Auditorium of the Baptist lnSti-
tute next Monday evening, be-
ginning at s O'Clock, by Miss
Hettye Willis Johnson, the EX-
preston teacher, and Miss Char
mian Lestelle Thomas, the Direc-
tor of the Music Department.
Everybody invited.
Mountain advocate., 1916-09-15
Older BUT STRONGER

10 be healthy at seventy, prepare at
6sty. 10 sound advice. because In the
slseugth OF middle life we too ofte n forget
that neglected colds. or careless treat.
usns 81 slight aches and pains. simply
usdssmine strength aud bring chronic
weakness for later years.
70 b. stronger when older. keep your
slFssgtl building aud blood-nourishing
OsePsrtiss Of Scott's kmulsion which iss
I'D . tonic and = mediciae 20 keep your
Nod rich. alleviate rhsuniatis,n aud
ovel1 siekssss. No alcohol In Scosts.
oufs . nswHs. uissa1sif. NJ
Mountain advocate., 1916-09-15
Keeping up with enough for the enerahe
lead And lead he doesn volume quality and
The Generals leadership due the
his command the five ms of modern manufacturing men,
money! mills, machinery and materials

chemists. 1t is then coated with blend of
harder asphalts, which keeps the inner
Saturation soft and prevents the drying-out
so destructive to the ordinary roof.
CERTAIN-TEED is guaranteed for s, 10
or IS years, according to ply q, 2 or 3.
Experience proves that it lasts longer.
CERTAIN-TEED is made in rolls; also in
slate-surfaced shingles. There is a type of
CERTAIN-TEED for every kind of build
ing, with fiat or pitched roof, from sky
scraper to small residence or out-building.
CEHTAi-, '.ELD is sold by responsible
dealers all over the world, at reasonable
prices Investigate it before you decide on
any type of roof.
Mountain advocate., 1916-09-15

LOST On Friday Sept. s, | lost
a Meerschaum crooked Stoned
pipe in a rattlesnake case. it is
dark red in color with gold band
around the top with silver image
in band. | will pay a liberal re-
ward for the return Of the pipe.
Address, Frank Tompkins,
Dutfield, Va.
Mountain advocate., 1916-09-15
Croley Hardware & Grocery Company,


Two fellows who got too handy
with copper wire belonging to
the North Jellico Coal Co. got
one year each in the penitentiary.
Nora Watkins was sent to the
penitentiary two years for the
murder of her infant child. Mol.
lie Mattingly charged with a like
crime was acquitted.