davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1916-05-06
7Ent.rtaIned Sewing Circle.

Mrs. Howard W. Burnett was hostess
last evening to the members Of the
Sunshine Sewing club Of the Legion Of
Honor at her home on Emerson street.
Needlework was the diversion OF the
evening and refreshments were served.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1916-05-06
Entertained cIass..

Paul Smith was host on Thursday
night TO the members of the Minute
Mems Class OF the Williams Memorial
H. q. Church. South, at his home on
Albert Court. Among business trans.
acted at the meeting was the plans TO
secure funds for the placing OF a me.
mortal window in the church to be
erected In the near future by the con.
gregation Of the church.
A social hour followed the session
and refreshments were served. The
guests included: Rev. r.. T. Webb,
teacher OF the class. H. T. Jones. super.
tendent OF the Sunday school, Rev.
Arnett, Roy Yost, Denzil Amos. Rich.
ard Stevens. Robert Sloan, Thompson
Miller, Gerald Hamilton, Harold Jones.
Rex Smith and Charles Dupont.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1916-05-06
ToeIve Party.

Miss Mary Frances Riheldafter, the
little daughter Of Mr.. and Mrs. Alex
ander Riheldafter. will entertain num-
her OF her little friends next Wednes.
day afternoon at her home on Rhea
Terrace, honoring the fifth anniversary
ofhe birth. Invitations for the event
WILDE issued to her friends today.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1916-05-06
CHRIST CHURCH. EPISCOPAL,
Rev. "A. H. 6eavin, Rector.

CHRIST CHURCH. tEPlscoPAL.)
Rev. a. H. Beavin, Rector.
asa, m.--Holy Communion.
9:45Ea m-Sunday school @
1O:45 q. m.-Holy Communion and
sermon. Preacher the Rector. There
will be no vespers service this after.
noon.
The annual meeting Of the Parish Of
Christ Church will be held in the Sun.
day school on the evening Of Monday.
May Sthy at the hour of 1880. Atlthis
meeting all the reports OF the various,
societiesSwill be iread. and a yestry will
ebe elected to serve for the coming year.
AZ, H.BEAy1N, Rector,
JsLEHMAN, Registrar. {
sT. PETERS CATHOLIC CHURCH
SUNDAY NIAYs7.S1 1915
sodallty Sunday
Morning services-Mass at 8 and
1890 O'Clock.
Evening services-RosaryIand Bene.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1916-05-06

the best eject, and
gladly state that
I was perfectly
satisfied with the
results. I had o
very serious cough
and cold with
bad few er: the
I cough Eas eI-
ceedingly harsh
and SO violent as
to give me an irri.
fatefl enra fhroof
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1916-05-06
Entertained al Bride

D Mrs. NJ a. Jo!llffe and daughter,
Mrs. Arthur G. Frey, entertained a
number Of friends at auction bridge
yesterday afternoon at the home OF the
fomer OH Madison street. "A lunch
was served at the close OF the games.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1916-05-06
MT. ZION BAPTIST CHURCH.
NJ % Willis. pas4or-

$3.50 a. Sabbath school.
10:45 "a. m.-Morning worship. Sub.
ject theme, "The Life Of a Christian"
$3.50 sp. NIB. Y. P. u.
$3.50 S.. m.-Evening worship. Sub.
feet theme, Utility"
1880 psm.-Wednesday, prayer serv.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1916-05-06

The Misses Nina and Mona Talking.
ton were honor guests last evening at
their home at a surprise party arrang-
ed in honor Of their birthday annive.
'rsary the young ladies' beink twins.
Music and games were a feature Of the
evening and refreshments were served.
"a large number Of their friends par.
ticipated In the celebration.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1916-05-06
LOCAL SOCIAL EVENTS

Mrs. q 3. Nuzum VIII entertain the
members of the club next Friday.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1916-05-06
Is it a Cold, Cough
or Bad Blood !?

Richmond, va.-'ir have taken DR..
Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery with
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1916-05-06
Iesday, serv'
GRACE ENGLISH LUTHERAN
BSil =, CHURCH.

a cordial invitation to the public
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1916-05-06

"oh! the house won't be empty. I'm
going to stay. You see, Miss Wayland
is-she and THAT is, she is very
kind to me, and she thought I needed
change. So here I am doing lust
what I've longed to- do for years,
planting flowers" / She laughed. "And
the Joke Of It is don't know anything
at all about them"
If you'll let me; I'll be very glad to
teach you." answered the gardener
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-05-31

ways on the watch when flights are being made. From this point the watcher is able to detect the slightest mishap to a machine. Happily, ac- cidents have been few, although hun dreds of flights have been made. Last year a series of manoeuvres were held when the aviators did scout work and proved that an aeropl-ne is the worst enemy of the deadly submarine. It is a much swifter craft than the under sea boat and after sighting the latter it can give warning of it's position before the, submarine can get out of the way. Bomb dropping has also been tried out with success. This test was made by placing small targets on the water and dropping bombs upon them.
 Experiments.
 The North Carolina is the station ship. She recently returned from duty in the Mediterranean waters and has been designated by the Department as the aeronautic ship and the home of the aviation corps. The vessel has been equipped with two aeroplane hoisting cranes and extensive expert mentS will be made to find out the most practical way of hoisting aero planes on and off of ships. A cata- Au1t or aeroplane launching device which was tried out with more or less success from a coal barge has been installed on board the North Caro- lima. Recently the cruiser went out | to sea for the purpose of testing the apparatus and two successful aero plane flights were made by it's aid from the decks of a battleship.
 The device used consists of d track extending along the ships after deck upon which is a car. The aerop1ane lands on the device from the air and is secured to the car. On launching the car is driven down the track until 1 1t has attained high speed. This is brought to a sudden stop and the Eaerop1ane released from its moorings scars into the air, having been sho1 over the cruisers stern at a speed 1o1
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-05-31
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ton in Washington navy yard. Other yards will begin their work later. One of the machines planned by Naval Constructor Richardson provides for an aircraft with load carrying ca pacity of six thousand pounds with a speed of from fifty to eighty miles. The navy has recently purchased five Burgess Dunn machines, two of which are in commission and three are in the process of building. There are also several Curtis flying boats, doing excellent service at Pensacola. Other machines which have been ordered by the Navy Department are being constructed at manufacturing plants under the direction of some of the naval officers of the flying corps.
 The experiment with the dirigible is entirely new to the navy flying corps. and it is believed that its in troduction into the service is due to the favorable reports made by our aviation experts who have been study ing the work of the Zeppe1ins during the present war.
 Ideal Spot.
 Pensacola{ Is an ideal spot for the aviation school. First, it is always delightfully."- warm and the flying men can go into the air almost every day second, because Pensacola is off the beaten track and few visitors will come to watch the work. Even if they do come to Pensacola the ride to the aviation station is by no means pleas ant, as one must travel on dirty, rick ety old street cars, crossing even more rickety bridges, and then wade in the sand for fifteen minutes before reach ing the entrance. So, it is not likely that the .Aviators will be troubled with many tourists.
 Tent hangars have been set up on the beach and permanent ones will be erected later. There is a sloping sandy beach where long wooden run ners have been made for the ma chimes. At the fa& end of the hangars is a tower where. an observer is al
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-05-31

lowing the enlisted men fifty per cent. extra pay while they are under in struction at the aviation school, and to continue while they are actually detailed in the flying corps. This ad- ditionaI pay was granted by Congress on aeeount of the stand taken by In surance Companies who have made drastic rules as to paying policies on people who meet death through avia- tion-indeed, several of them will not pay the death insurance of a man killed by an aircraft even though he be an innocent bystander.
 Mechanicians receive the extra pay as we'll as hiers owing to the fact that they may be called upon at any time to accompany an aviator in a flight. About forty men are now receiving g the extra stipend as qualified avtators eight marines and thirty-two sailors. Recently there has been an increased number of requests from both officers and men to be detailed in the avia- ton service, perhaps due to the suc- cess of the aircraft in the European war. Then, too, there is an excite ment and exhi1aration about flying that is found in no other profession, and after all it is not more hazardous than automobile racing or submarine service.
 To Be Built By Government.
 It is expected that most of the ma chimes to be provided for the navy will be built by the Government and several are already under construc-
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-05-31

light Krupp guns. The men are a singularly strong build, powerful race. used to outdoor life. As the country is for the most part agricultural they know how to handle animals, and the cavalry is said to be a splendid body of fine horsemen.
 People and Country.
 The great mass of Bulgarians are engaged in ttlling the soil and they know little of politics. When called out to fight they go at it as a business and fight until they win or are wound ed or killed. The majority Of them are fataliSts and if wounded they take 1t as the fortune of war and suffer with a stoicism which causes the American surgeon to marvel at their fortitude. The Bulgarian peasant has few com forts as comforts go in America, but both sexes seem to be satisfied to live roughly so they have enough to eat. There was little real poverty un- til after the last war with Servia5 but even this is not great. Poverty in our sense of the word does not exist. The women love gay colors, stripes run ming around instead of IengthWise be- ing the favorite style. They orten wear strings of coins in their hair or around their neclxs. While by no means beautiful, they are such well formed, sturdy women that they at tract ones attention.
 Sofia is the capital-the center Of the political and intellectual life of the country. Here the King lives when he is at home. Two-thirds of his time is spent even when in Bulgaria at one of his country places, the natives de- clare, in fear of assassination. Life has always been cheap in the Bal kans, especially where officials are concerned, and their removal causes no more excitement than an automo- bile accident on a crowded street in the United States. Before the war the King made many visits to Vienna and Paris, where he spent large sums of money in entertaining. There is little to be seen in Sofia except the Cathedral and the House of Parlia- ment. which costs over $35O,oOO. There is practically ono society except where politics are concerned.
 Nearly forty per cent of the coun- try's area is cultivated, Of which three-fourths are devoted to raising wheat. corn and barley-a fact which may help Germany in it's food s1ElniH-
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-05-31
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fifty miles an hour. The apparatus is the invention of Captain w. I. Chambers, and was first tested at the Washington navy yard. Its success opens up new possibilities for navy aeroplanes, as the device permits them to be launched without the aid of a platform obstructing gun fire.
 When the North Carolina came into the station at Pensacola she was given an extraordinary kind of welcome an escort of flying machines. As soon as she was sighted the hydrop1anes and flying boats were brought out on the beach and a convoy was formed to escort the ship to port. They were soon in the air and as she steamed into the harbor the bird men f1uttered about her skeleton Smasts doing steep dives, graceful turns and spirals. AS soon as the ship came to anchor the machines returned to their hangars.
 Just now the aviation station is a busy place, for everybody seems to have the spirit of ''preparedness'' and is working with might and main to perfect everything pertaining to their work along aviation lines. Both the officers and enlisted men are equally enthusiastic over the future of navy aviation and perhaps the time is not far distant when Uncle Sam will rank with the European nations in the number and excellence of his air craft.
 The aircraft of the navy is named by certain system which tells one at a glance the type of machine. For instance, A-B. stands for flying boat; AK. means a combination Of land and water machine; ALL means a hydro aeropIane; B. stands for balloon; DIN. for non-rigid dirigible- The number following these letters indi- cates the number of the machine of its type.L For example, A-H-1o means that it is the tenth hydro -aeroplane added to the navy's equipment. The new dirigible will be marked D-N-1, it being the first of its kind. The machines used by the Marine Corps officers are still marked in the old fashion. such as U. S. M c. E-1s which 1 indicates that the flying boat is the first one of the B type.
 An excellent start in. the perfection of our flying corps has been made at Pensacola, and if Captain Mark Bris- toI, the chief of the navy aeronautics- 1 is allowed to carry out his plans great strides in the art of flying will be made during the coming year at this
 old Southern yard.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-05-31

sians in freeing Bulgaria may not have been wholly disinterested the fact re- mains that had it not been for the Czar's army Bulgaria might still be ruled by Turkish officials. The people thus freed were mainly peasants with little knowledge of the art of govern ment and for a time the Russians ran things to suit themselves. Then came the Assembly of Notables in accord ance with the Berlin Treaty of 1879,
 which passed the Constitution and elected Prince Alexander of Batten- burg as the reigning prince. This young man, who was but twenty-two years Of age, had been living in re- tirement at Potsdam. He at first hes itated to accept the honor thrust upon him but finally. after some persuasion
 on the part of his relatives accepted. Being a nephew of Czar A1exander IT.
 he was acceptable to the Russians.
 His reign for the first two years was Comparatively easy. for being a sol
 dier he soon. won the people. but after the death of his royal uncle the new
 Czar Alexander III. attempted. to run
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-05-31

ough in every respect and plenty of hard work and strict attention to business will be required of the men. The least deviation from the path of sobriety means dismissal from the class. The course includes instruc- ton in machinery, motors and all their appurtena noes, such as carburetors, radiators, smagnetos, etc. There is also a complete course in assembling and adjusting the various parts of ma chimes, how to take them apart for backing, how to stow them away on shipboard and how to re-assemb1e them when the destination is reached. Aside from the mechanical work there is 8. series of text book instruc- ton and special examinations at in tervals of a few weeks when the an swers to questions must be written out. Hydrop1anes are used almost exclusively, although a small dirigible now under construction at Hartford, Connecticut, will be sent to Pensacola for experiIn ental purposes.
 The enlisted men at the school will be trained both as mechanicians and as aviators. Very frequently their work will be to assist the man who drives the aeropIane by locating cer- tain spots by the aid of glasses or in mapping the country, marking spots where troops are located, or to act as pilots on some occasion.
 Extra Pay.
 5.f The last CanRrass pa ssed an acf aI-
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-05-31
T1& C~9Hua CAIHeoxNI
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tinguished Austrian, his mother, Princess C1ementine,i was the daugh- ter of King Louis Philippe. He was twenty-six years of age, and while possessed of ample means he knew lit tie of the people he was to rule
 The regents who had been appoint ed after Alexander's abdication at once resigned. Stephan stambuloff, the most able of the three, became the Prime Minister, at the request of the Prince. This man soon became known as the Bulgarian Btsmark, and dur ing the seven years of his incum- bency he made Bulgarian history In terna1 revolutions and conspiracies sion and finally one night StambuIoff himself was assassinated+
 wife aIAd ChiNdren.
 The Prime Minister Stambu1on, knowing the danger of the assasstn's bullet for the Prince, repeatedly urged him to marry and found a dynasty. Accordingly in%1e93 he married the Princess Marie Louise of Parma, a member of the. Bourbon family The father of the Princess had consented to the marriage only on condition that the children of the union should be brought up las Roman Catholics. A year later a. son was born and received the ancient name of Boris. The great est enthusiasm prevailed over the birth of the heir. and year after the dy- i nasty was further strengthened by the 1 birth of another son, Cyril. Two 4 daughters were born later. True to his promise, the King had Boris bap- 1 tized a Catholic but shortly thereafter the little Prince was rebaptized into the .Orthodox Greek Church. This was done to please Russia, and was one of the first evidences of Ferdinand's s efforts to curry favor with the Land of the Bear. All Catholic Europe was furious, and the Princess actually left her royal husband for a time. But Ferdinand had pleased the Czar. The Sultan named him Prince of the Bull gars, and the Powers agreed to give him the throne. Ever since that time this ruler, to use a. common expres- sion, "has played both ends against the middle,'' and has had the eyes of the world centered on his actions
 many times. The Princess died on January 31, 1899, the day after the birth of her daughter. the Princess Nadejda.
 Nine years later Ferdinand married Princess Elenore of Reuss-Kostritz- an estimable lady who has made a
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-05-31

master of the country. He negotiated with Rome and finally became con- vert to the Roman Church. Under his rule Bulgaria prospered to such an ex- tent that Gibbon in his Decline and Esaii" tells us that Bulgaria assumed a rank among the civilized powers, or the earth. Boris died in convent in 9O7, His name still lives in the mem ory of the Bulgarian people and he ranks as the first of their national heroes. Later on the Russians in vaded the country and the Bulgarians were compelled to ask aid of the Greeks, afterwards coming under the rule of the Grecian Empire. The county next fell under Servian sway, and finally at the close of the four teenth century the Turks made their appearance and from that time until 1877 Bulgaria was part of the sul- tan's dominion.
 Freed by Russia.
 Their freedom from Turkish rule was brought about by the Russian in vasion of the Ottoman Empire at that time.9 While the motive of the Rus
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-05-31


 the affairs of Bulgaria himself and a series of incidents occurred which plunged, that country into a war with Servfa, and ended in the abdication of Prince Alexander. .ssss sss5a
 The Grand Council met once more. and this time elected waldemar of Denmark as the ruler, but the prince refused the honor. It was next of fered to King Carol of Roumania, but he, toos refused to serve. Plots and #counter-plots crept in, and it became imperative that a. ruler for Bulgaria should be found at once. so a com nittee was sent out to examine the royal cadets of Europe. While almost in despair of finding the proper man one of the committee dropped into a circus in Vienna where he met a friend who declared he knew the very man for the position and as a result the present king. then Prince Ferdinand of Sake Coburg- -Gotha, was selected.
 Ferdinand Elected Ruler.
 On August 14th, 1887. he took the oath of office. The son of a dis
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-05-31

fine impression through her service with the Red Cross. Just before the outbreak of the present war the Queen was preparing for a visit to this coun- try, but when the war came on she abandoned the trip. Today she is as- sisting in, Red Cross work in Bull garia.
 Shrewdness.
 King Ferdinand is said to have in herited his shrewdness from his mother, who taught him the game of politics early in life. Ambitious to the last degree, she practically forced her son to accept the offer of the Bull garians. She had been told by a for tune teller that although she had come into the world the daughter Of an uncrowned king she would leave IL the mother of a crowned king, ana believing this she set about teaching him all the 1ntricacies of diplomacy The Princess Clementine, however, died one year before the prophecy was fulfilled, as 1t was not until 1eoS that Ferdinand was proclaimed King of the Bulgars. All through his reign he has demonstrated that he is a past master in the art of intrigue common Iy known as diplomacy. and has earned the name of "the Fox of the Balkans Whether the people he rules love him is question; that they fear him is a fact, which apparently satisfies him quite as well. His coun- try is once more at war, but everyone understands that his price flor the good of his people, was high.
 Army.
 Military service is universal and compulsory. Mohammedans are ex- enpt but are compelled to pay a tax. Service in the ranks begins at the age of twenty, and is now for two years in the infantry and for three years in other arms. Reserve service lasts for eighteen years as an infantryman and sixteen years in the other arms. The reservists are called out for three weeks training annually. After com pleting his reserve service, the Bull garian passes to the Territorial Army and in all serves twenty-six years. The men are well equipped, using the Mann1icher magazine rifle for the in fantry, while the cavalry use carbines of the same make. The field guns used are the Schneider 2.F. gun. The mountain batteries are armed with
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-05-31
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touch with their bases by wireless

touch with their bases by wireless telephone.
 Of course, it will be necessary to have competent men to man the ma chimes, and with this end in view an aviation school has been opened by. the navy at<the old navy yard at Pen sacola, Florida, where an aeronautic station was set up about two years ago. The first class was assembled on July list, 1915, and the work of the men has been most gratifying to the Department. Another class will be made up during the winter, which marine corps officers. twenty enlisted men of the navy, and about eight marines. These classes did not form rapidly heretofore, as no man Is forced into the flying corps by the Department. He must ask to be de- tailed to that branch of the service, but the request will not be granted unless the commander-in-c chief of the Atlantic fleet considers him adapted for such work. One of his first quail ihcations must be clean record as to sobriety. Uncle Sam is not looking for tipplers to fly his ships of the sky.
 Cause of Training.
 The course Of training is to extend over a period of nine months, and every three months it is expected that a class of both officers and men will qualify as aviators or as mechani- clans The instruction will De thor