South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-06-05
MILITARY SERVICE
HELPS INDUSTRIES
Use It as Tool in Organizing
For Industrial Com
petition.


paredness against war England
and the United states are not so
organized.
The principal tool" used by the
European nations and Japan in UGH
organizations. has been universal
military service. an institution eX-
tending back into the last century,
adopted and made compulsory by
the vote OF their peoples. and with
time so adjusted. developed, and
corrected as TO coordinate with the
industrial. commercial. and finan-
cial life OF the nation, and make
the transition from peace 20 war
conditions least distributing 10 the
ration.
BY means OF this tool it is found
that the war man power of the uni
versaI service nations is limited by
their respective financial conditions,
by the material which is dispOsable
for war. and by the numbers OF
ablebodied male citizens who can
be taken from those interior indus
tries and vOcations that are essen
tial TO the continuance Of the ma
tiCnaI life and TO the prosecution Of
war: and We find further that some
OF those nations can place in the
feI done-tenth Of their tOtal popula-
ton. organized. armed and equipped.
trained and physically tit for actual
lighting
Two Parallel Policies.
on the other hand we find. at
this time. the two English speaking
ton. populations, and resources
place them in the front rank Of
world powers. pursuing parallel
policies ia avoiding any semblance
Of military strength on land. seek
ing rather 10 cOnfne their pre-
paredness 10 power on the sea, and
hoping when attacked 20 find de-
Tense on land through volunteers,
supplemeD.ed in great stress by con-
scripts
1t must be horne in mind that
not only do financial. industrial and
economic conditions varying i'm diff
ferent nations. 50 iously effect the
cost OF military efficiency. but also
BY the government are made use
OF in military training without cor
responding charge against the mill
tary budget.
II must be evident that under
equal financial and industrial con
ditions. mobilization for training
Will cost more in an extensive cOun-
try like Russia than in "a compact
country like Italy or Japan.
With reference 20 man power, ii
appears that the total number of
males OF military age in nation
NJ for service is about one-sixth OF
the total population. All. however
are not equally MT for service in a
fighting line. and a large proportion
could he used only for service in the
interior. In addition many exemp-
tions must be made. owing TO the
iuadvisability of Withdrawing mer
from those industries and vocations
that are essential to the life of the
nstion. and that proceed in many
cases with accelerstion during war
For these and other reasons the
proportion of one-sixth that are nj
for service dwindles 10 about one
tenth. and this is the proportion thai
experience shows as representing the
maximum man power which any
nation. however farsighted or me.
thodical it's statesman. has been able
20 place in the fighting fronts OF
actual operations at the outbreal
Of war
Keep Information Secret.
worthy comparative estimate of th'
actual man power Of the principa
nations in terms OF men fully train
ed. organized. armed. equipped anC
f- for actual fighting il has beer
found that most nations hold SecTe
much OF the information required
nation which for generation
has directed all its energies 10 com
mercialism will be found people,
with those whose mental attribute
unit them for effective collective &C
ton in war and such a nation cal
not for a considerable period de
yelop for war an effective peace
trained man power On the Othe
hand a nation tina thas directed il
energies toward military effcienc
equipped for and capable OF unite
action Il: war; and such natio
develops readily a fun man powe
by its peace training.
It will be noted that the yearE
cost per effective Of man power j
very much less in those nation
that have universal service. This
but the natural result OF the polio
pursued. The English-speaking ma
tions go into the labor market il
wage competition for their profes
slonal soldiers. ON the other hand
the nations with universal servic
coordinate their training with in
dUstrisl and financial conditions
ard pay their men under trainin
a normal sum. sufficient only 10
their minor wants ard for the con
tentment OF the average man.