davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-11-17
>nnn tn.c Nc>t wcducsd,,

~ rear importancc among the events
81 tue mnaicaI season viii hc the concert
h">' Wednesday,. November -. nj IN.
'ht> Auditorium. in which the noted
N"ti"r"l'tan soprano. Anna Case. will
n'ah" her FIRST appearances in Rich
m"nd. assisted lay Rudolph CAM. IN.
@tSttnsuish"d Swiss pianist. Miss casn
MAS I" HAY" sung With the Wednesday,
'luh last May. but WAS prevented by
tt|u'Ss. 50 that her approaching recital
y awaited with moro than ordinary in =
i"r"si. The rapid and certain rise Of
'hts Young singer III the concert Held
has been hu" to her rare ability to
SINK both til" brilliant. norid ariaS and
The simpler, NOR" sustained numbers
THAT appeal Ia tho heart rather than
the brain.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-11-17
~ fl,r Milan.

Changing from the influential to
TIA" purely comic. tho liiiou will follow
Tie Little Girl God For:ot." which
t. the current offering 1T that popular
priced playhouse. with Mutt and .icn' :
Wedding. the character and general
style Of which ar" explained in it's title
The last Mutt ana JEFF show that
played the laiou simply "cicancd up :
aud II is expected this one Viii repeat
the nrOrCSS.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-11-17

tcrr;'ncan. and remarkable series OF
VIEWS showing the lie III the nations
m'itnry academy Point In ad-
httt"n. there viii bc. of course many
Of the tnimitahle cartoons which are 81
ven khown feature of the How.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-11-17
RICHMOND LIVE sro,K u,
'H S;'S a; Union St"riyar,is

- mon SforINardS,
Choice N,.n,n"n!. Va Nov"inher H. la1s
81 - St'ers \ to 81: medium, IA ,.,.,,
ne he, 70, y" ''s, common fair. 81 to- a. :" r%nn
u, com mo-, :" -. medium 10 good 81 IN
10 fu;r medium t. good. -. to ais: common
diu,m 10 rnod REST oxen. 81. IL g.. ,,".
to +. 81 h,"wy bulls; Il 10 81. r,rh,. '"M u.
In 81 ~ calves, n to iniy: ro,n,nnn -.
weight, ~ a e., ~. hcaxy hess io,7: 'm"i.n N;
W .. nnst Ahccr. htz to 81 -
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-11-17

iig "a s. MI ~. 5000 800. iamhs. 81, ,o
sio',a: rs srIhs l:ish' I" heavy hogs. s,.5oa
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-11-17
NEW NORK LINE sTOCk MARkEr.

trading - ~
Calves. steady E,tlS rio ,-l.f Il. "a. ...,,,.
8 .rH.i 1900 so
shop aud amhs. steady sheen tew.s,.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-11-17
MISCELLANEOUS MARKETS
DIR GOODS
NAVAL. SToBi.c

,,n,: 'Eh; November la-,'n;top rood.
,hl,,n rn' ard there was NOR. artiy, 800" a.
~ liz. Yarns wcrc very nrrt -, =.
"' rug" advanced. Raw silk ,.Inscd ,,;cn :, :.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-11-17
RICHMOND PRODUCE M,nk,:r.

No. l2.156il@> II ''''' i-''"" -'t,
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-02-24

II IS not the easiest thing In the
world to so feed young chickens as to
bring them to an early and perfect
maturity and then to continue feeding
them to produce eggs and meat in the
greatest quantities. Too many people
let the chickens feed themselves.
Others seem to think that few
handfulls of corn thrown out night
and morning is sufficient. Unless con-
fined in pens where they cannot get
at their natural food chickens WILL
manage to survive on Indifferent feed
ing for long time. but If they are to
be brought to a full state of perfec-
ton and if they are to be made to
produce all the eggs possible and tip
the beam at market time at the
highest notch, a careful study of feed
ing is necessary.
The natural food Of fowls is meat,
seeds and grain. The meat they find
in bugs and worms and the dry feed
in the seeds of grass and grain Of the
range If allowed free range and
given access to this in sufficient guam
titles fowls will balance their own
rations and perhaps get as good re-
suits as If fed by hand. If they are
confined the lack of meat must be
supplied; but it must be understood
that animal matter in the shape Of
meat meal. meat scraps or cut bone
Is dangerous unless it is fed in con-
junction with other food.
1t is extremely dangerous to give
fowls too much of any concentrated
food as It only renders them ravenous
and unsatisfed and in the end results
In disease and DEATH Food must be
nutritious and to balance the bulk, dry
matter and animal matter must be Of
proper proportion to form just the
right combination to produce health
and the best conditions for laying and
producing meat.
AS to the quantity to be fed there
can be no fixed rule. The safe way
is to feed liberally-all that the flock
will eat Up clean. 1t is never safe to
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-02-24

The general supply of the cities has
been studied methods of transporta-
ton have been considered and more
recently the conditions existing upon
the farms where the milk IS produced
have come in for their share Of in
vestigation.
The second reason for the growing
interest in cleaner milk lies in the re-
suIts of the Investigations already
conducted. 1t has been found that q
considerable part Of the milk SOLD TO
consumers has been of very poor
quality when considered from the
standpoint of wholesomeness. Much
of it has been shown to contain rel
atively large amounts Of dirt, It's germ
content being at the same time ap-
normally high and frequently con-
tanning putrefactive and other un-
desirable species of bacteria. AS
result of this work together with tho
knowledge that milk may frequently
he the carrier of various forms or pac-
terial diseases and that nearly all
kinds of bacteria grow and multiply
with great ease in milk, the 1mpor-
lance of carefully guarding milk
against the entrance of undesirable
bacteria has become generally recog-
nized. The ordinary market milk
which reaches the larger cities nor
mally contains high numbers or bac-
terra. These are the result either Oh
more or less dirty conditions In the
production of the milk or of too warm
a temperature after the milk has been
produced or a combination of these
two conditions 1t is perfectly pos
sible to produce milk containing
very low number of bacteria TACT
which has been demonstrated by
many PRODUCERS of so-called 'san1-
tarv' or certified milk. Consumers
in general at the present time are not
wiling to pay the increased price
charged for the so-called "certlfea
grades Of milk which are now avian.
able in practically all cities. 1t IS not
to be expected that producers In any
kind of business will sell their pro-
ducts for less than the cost OF man.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-02-24
1NCuBAToRs AS SEED TESTERS.

The advantages Of the incubator as
, seod foster are numerous. The mos-
important of all is. the fact that VITA
an incubator almost ideal conditions
can be maintained at any time in tho
winter. With small incub-tor, tnere-
fore, a farmer may. In the WINE,
months, test practically all OF MS seeu
and know just what he IS gong 10 put
into the ground in the spring. IL no
has more than sufficient supply q
seed for himself he is able TO put upos.
the neighborhood market seeo o.
known value.
It has been suggested tnat III coin
r,unities where there are no lncupa
tors farmers clubs might unite
the purchase Of an incubator ~
used largely fO' seed testing.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-02-24

value of the milk may be actually in
jured by the straining process. This
being the case it Is evidently unde-
sirable to pass milk through a strainer
II 1t has been produced under such
good conditions that there Is no in
soluble dirt which can be strained
out. With this fact in mind it was
thought desirab BILE to make tests with
the different covered pals to deter
mine whether or not the use of a
strainer was desirable. Such tests
have been made with several of the
more important pals now in use.
Careful experiments made by the
Connecticut Experiment Station seem
to warrant the following conclusions:
The use Of the covered pail is of
great advantage in any stable in ex-
Guiding dirt and bacteria from the
milk. The relative advantage gained
by the use of the cover depends upon
the sanitary condition of the stable.
The special form of cover does not
seem to be important provided it is a
device practical for use and the area
through which dirt can gain access to
the milk is reduced as much as pos
sible.
Whether or not a strainer on the
covered pail is desirable depends upon
the style of the straining device.
The use Of the strainer in a pail
where the dirt which falls into the
opening is likely to be driven through
by the succeeding streams of milk is
not deslra BILE. Its use tends to in
crease the germ content of the milk
and injure its keeping quality
In pals wher, the dirt which falls
in does not remain where the sue.
ceeding streams strike against it {
| strainer cloth aids in keeping dowr
the number Of bacteria which gain &C
cess to the milk.
The use of absorbent cotton as
strainer in certain styles of pals is
decided advantage in preventing tn,
entrance of bacteria into the milk.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-02-24
Diseases Of Pigeons
Good Sanitary Conditions and Care
in Feeding Are the Most Effective
Means Of Prevention.

Provided breeding stock was healthy
when secured, cleanliness In pens, ny
ways and yards is the best preven-
tatiye against canker and going
light" the most common diseases OK
pigeons There is very little chance
of making money from squads unless
through cleanliness pigeons can DO
kept comparatively free from diseases
and insect parasites.
The stock should be carefully
watched and any sick birds removed
from the breeding pens. The mouse
should be kept dry, clean, we'll vsnu-
lated, and free from drafts. Inc
yards should be kept clean either by
scraping the surface and adding fresh
sand or gravel or by cultivatins the
land and planting 1t to grain II pos
sible. Only good. sound grain should
be fed. ..
The nests, nest boxes and pens
should be kept clean, but It is not ad-
visable to disturb the nests which SON.
tain eggs or squads any more than 10
actually necessary. The pens should
be sprayed frequently with white
wash containing little crude carbolic
acid, or with a coal-tar disinfectant.
and the nest boxes and perches should
be examined for mites. especially In
hot weather, and sprayed with kero-
sene oil or some commercial prepare
ton which Will kill mites, III any are
found. The nests or nest pans should
be cleaned out and the nesting ma
terial removed after the squads are
marketed or leave the nests. ... 8.
Pigeons are subject to many of tie
diseases which affect poultry and NAV
be treated in the same manner. Cam
ker and the disease or condition called
"eoing light seem to be more pre-
valent in pigeons than in the domest
fowl. Canker appears as sores -
cheesy patches in the mouth anu
throat, and can usually be prevented
by providing good sanitary conditions
and feeding only clean, SOUND grams
and clean water 1t may be treated
by swabbing the mouth and threat
with a solution of equal parts OF NY
drogen peroxid and water or by uslhs
dry sulphur. Enough potassium per
man1anate may be added to the drink
ing water to give it Wine coio..
Various remedies or preventlVes
disease are used in the drlnklh
water by pigeon breeders wheneV>.
the stock appears to be In poor con
dition Among these are carooi:
acid EPSON salts, copper sulphate an
venetian red. ~#" a&
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-02-24
Just About Mules

The great superiority of the mule
consists in his greater endurance OF
heat and severe labor and ability to
subsist on less food. He is without
doubt the most economical machine
for the production of power.
The mule is easily broken, as all
farmers who have handled them Will
testify, but it is a good thing to get
them used to being handled before
they get too old; then they are ready
for the regular work when you need
them.
Mules are ready for work younger
than horses. They are able to endure
as much at two years as colt will at
three or four.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-02-24
BEST PLACE FOR SILO.

Silos should be located close to the
animals to be fed from them, accord
ing to the Oregon Agricultural College
plans. They should not be inside the
barn since they take up a good deal
of room and may give off offensive
odors that will faint the milk. They
would also be inconvenient to fill,
and silos should be where they may
most readily be filled. 1t requires
about a quarter Of ton of ensilage
daily to feed twelve cows each forty
pounds day, so that the silage should
not have to be moved any further than
Is necessary. 8
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-02-24
BY w. A. Stocking, Jr.

consumer a good wholesome grade OF
milk it Is necessary to have healthy
herd kept in good healthful stable
conditions. The milk must be kept as
free as possible from dirt contamina-
tion and the product must be I'M
mediately cooled and held at tenn
perature low enough to prevent the
rapid growth of bacteria. 1t Is not
the purpose of this article to deal
with the general problems of sanitary
milk production but simply to dis
cuss briefly one of the important ways
in which the cleanliness of milk may
be increased Most Of the detri-
mental changes which occur In milk
are caused by bacteria. The chief
source of these organisms Is the dust
and dirt which fall into the milk,
principally while the milk is being
drawn from the COW and before 1t
leaves the stable. Any means, there
fore, for preventing the entrance of
dirt into the milk during the process
of milking will tend to improve the
sanitary quality of the product. One
of the most practical devices used at
the present time for the purpose or
excluding dirt and bacteria from the
milk during the process OF produc-
ton is some form of covered milk
pail. The ordinary milk pail is about
twelve inches in diameter and If 1t is
entirely uncovered it is easy to see
that a considerable amount of dirt
might fall into the milk during the
process Of milking. If. however, this
opening can be reduced to a small
proportion Of the entire area of the pail
the amount Of dirt which could fall
in would be correspondingly reduced.
The demand for some form Of covered
pail which is both effective in eXclud-
ine, dirt and bacteria and which Is at
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-02-24
FOLLOW NATURE AS CLOSELY AS POSSIBLE

cut down the rations of growing birds
until some feed is left over every day.
OF course too much feed Of the fat
tening quality is not good for laying
hens because they do not lay best
when overfed, but this does not mean
that they should be starved. A we'll
balanced ration consisting in the main
of corn, wheat and animal matter will
keep a hen in fine laying condition.
We do not believe that very lean hen
Is the best layer.
To persons who are obliged to buy
all the feed for their f1ocks the ques-
ton is one of great Importance and
many people who have raised poultry
for years without keeping account Of
expenses, and then turned to sem
sible system of accounts. have been
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-02-24
Average number of bacteria in milk from covered pail

rapidly. The Increase in the demand
for milk of high grade at consider
ably increased price will, therefore,
be relatively slow. Meanwhile health
boards and city officials are requiring
a gradual improvement in the gen.
eral milk supply. This will neces-
state the shutting out from the mar
ket the product of an occasional pro-
Queer who will not comply with the
necessary standards for the produc-
ton and handling of his milk Most
dairymen, however, are very willing
and ready to improve the quality or
their milk if it can be done without
materially increasing the cost In
order to produce and deliver to the
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-02-24

graduated bone or wood charcoal
at all times. Green food in the shape
of chopped alfalfa leaves OF clover
is essential, particularly in the vim
ter when the birds do not have access
to the range, This should be kept be-
fore the chickens at all times or it
may be fed in the grain mixture
Grit is absolutely necessary because
chickens cannot digest the food in
their crops without it. For this pur-
pose ground oyster shells, coarse sand
or ground rock may be used. When
at large chickens supply their own
grit and 1T is not necessary to keep
it before them except when they are
confined.
The difficulty Of keeping the feed
clean and dry during continued eX-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-02-24

Shake we'll and apply to tender tWlgs
with a brush or by dipping and dis
tribute the poisoned twigs around the
trees.
There have been number OF washes
and paints of various kinds recon-
mended as being effective against
rabbits. The disadvantage OF these
washes is that heavy rains wash them
off and make it necessary to repeat
the application. 1t is not difncult 10
find or devise preparations which VIII
keen rabbits away. Rabbits are very
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-02-24
ARE YOUR TREES PROTECTED FROM RABBITS?

particular about their food, and any
faint on the tree will keep them from
injuring it, The following has been
recommended by the Oklahoma
Station and found very satisfactory:
water, one gallon: one pound or
soap; two to four ounces of carbollc
acid" Some prefer to add enough
vermilion red to give the mixture
good pink color and the consistency
Of cream This is painted on the
trunk of the trees with a brush or
swab of rags tied to stick.
Another wash, which has given sat-
isfaction, is made by Stacking one peck
of fresh stone lime with soap suds.
Thin to the consistency of whiteWash,
add one-half gallon Of crude carbolic
acid, four pounds sulphur and one
gallon of soft soap. Paint the trees
with this mixture.
The U. S. Dept. of Agriculture re-
commends the lime-sulphur wash as
giving satisfactory results. This wash
consists Of: Unslaked lime, twenty
pounds; flowers of sulphur, fifteen
pounds; water, fifty gallons. Inc llme'
sulphur and one-third or the water
are boiled together for one hour, ana
then the rest of the water is added.
By adding salt the wash will STICK
better.
The Arkansas Experiment Station
has found that painting the trunks OF
the trees with white lead and linseed
oil gave very satisfactory results.
Mixed paints should not be substi-
tuted as they may contain oils which
would injure the trees. One advan-
tage of this mixture is that one appll-
cation is sufficient for the entire
season.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-02-24

The demand for good wholesome
grade of milk produced undei samoa
conditions is steadily 1ncreasihs'
People in the cities are taking more
and more interest in the sanitary quail
itv of the milk which they use IN the
household. The general awakening IN
regard to the sanitary qualities OF milk
which has taken place in the past few
Years can be attributed chiefly to two
causes. The first of these Is IN mar
mony with, and part OF the general
desire on the part of consumers 1or
pure and wholesome food products OF
all kinds and the milk supply has
come in for its share of investigation.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-02-24

ufacture or production plus a small
margin of net profit and with the
present high prices for feeds and farm
labor the cost of production can not
be materially increased without In
creasing the price of the product 1T
is hardly to be expected that milk
consumers in general will be willing
to pay much higher prices for their
milk than they nave been accustomed
to paying. 1t is only as their knowl-
edge of actual conditions increases
and they appreciate more fully the
value of wholesome milk that they
can be expected to pay more for their
milk. 1t Is not reasonable to expect
that this change will be brought about
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-02-24

all dairymen This practice Is useful
as a means Of removing a portion of
the dirt from milk produced under
average conditions In the ordinary
way. Dairymen consider this prac-
tice so essential that 1t Is only nat
ural that when covered pals came
into use it was considered necessary
to have some sort of a straining de-
vice on the pail so that the milk
would be strained as 1t entered the
pail. AS result of this belief that
milk must be strained we find all of
the early covered pals equipped with
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-02-24

Two sets of well-bred mules will last
a farmer his working lifetime, sup
posing he gets his first set when he Is
20 years old and the second when he
is As.
You pay 5000 or $3.50 for four
year-old mule, put him at work on
the farm or on the road. No expense
for breaking, little danger of lameness
or disease. He is always ready for a
hard days work and requires one
fourth less feed than a horse of the
same weight. When he Is 70 years
old he will, if fat, bring SIS.
The mule is immune to many dis
eases that the horse Is subject to, for
instance, CHAMBERS, farcy, and hoof
troubles of many sorts.
A mule is supposed to be broken
after half days work-that is, if the
driver has half the sense of the mule.
Tt takes from three to six months to
break a horse decently.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-02-24

TO a lack Of efficient remedies. Your
premises should not afford hiding
places for rabbits such as brush piles.
This is not meant to include green
cover crops in the orchard. An
orchard with a cover crop above the
snow is seldom if ever injured.
Traps are very effective in catching
rabbits. The more traps you have the
better. This is not so economical a
method as poisoning for protecting
the trees, but it furnishes amusement