davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1916-03-01
Won MAckENsEN PLANS
TO OFFSET SARRAIL


MILAN. Mar 1.--An Athens dis
patch to the Corriere della Sera. says
that Field Marshal Won Mackensen
will visit King Constantine in the
Greek capital An effort will be made
by the German military leader the
dispatch says, to counteract the i'm
preston made by Gen. Sarrail, the
French commander of the allied camp
at Saloniki, on his recent call on the
king and to regain for the central
empires the ground lost in Greek opin-
ion since the fall of Erzerum.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1916-03-01
NOT TO SEIZE
DUTCH GOLD SHIPMENT
my Associated Press. ,

tby Associated Press.)
NEW YORK, Mar. ] Another
shipment of gold to Holland under
an agreement with the British gov.
ernment against seizure will go for
ward tomorrow on the Holland-Am-
erican liner Nieuw Amsterdam for
Rotterdam. The shipment. amount
ing TO S1.500,000 was announced to-
day and brings the recent movement
of gold TO Holland from this country
to about $12,000,000.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1916-03-01
BILLIARD AND OTHERS RESTORE FORTUNE

when the New Haven purchased the
shares of Boston and Maine stock. has
been settled. Billiard paid $3.50, 600.
Among defendants who shared in the
payment were Charles Mellen, EXPIRE
sident of the New Haven and Edward
Robbins, his counsel.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1916-03-01
VOTE WILL Be TAKEN IN NEAR FUTURE

house leaders drafted for consdera-
tion a house measure proposing that
congress express its confidence in the
presidents handling OF armed mer-
chantmen in the controversy They
rAcognize- it not as a matter Of legisla-
tive. but of executive concern. The
leaders considered the situation as
much muddled.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1916-03-01
NEW RUSSIAN WAR LOAN
APPROVTD BY COMMITTEE


tBy Associated PreSs.D
LONDON Mar. 1. - The finance
committee of the Russian duma, pre-
sided over by Premier Sturmer, has
approved the new war loan for two
billion rubles, says Reuters Perto-
grad correspondent. The interest
will be 51a per cent. The loan Will
run for 10 years with the same privi-
leges as were given in connection
with the previous issues.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1916-03-01
MINERAL PATENT COVERS HALF Of THE
BUSINESS DISTRICT Of G0LOF|ELO SITE

to the center of First street to the
west and north and south for a dis
tance of 1900 feet, including Main
street and about half of the business
properties in the gold camp.
Already a large number of the prin-
cipal property owners have made set
Element with Mr., Fox and will re-
ceiye clear deeds to their properties.
This application for patent has been
pending for several years.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1916-03-01

Samuel Fox has received from Ed
mund James, receiver of public
moneys at Carson City, receipt for
money paid on application for patent
TO the Ramsey Extension lode claim,
which will give Mr.. Fox title to TWEEN
ty acres in the heart of Goldfield, in
cluding both mineral and surface
rights. This. acreage extends from the
center of Columbia street on the east
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1916-03-01
FORT|HCAT|ON PLANS
FOUND ON GERMANS
DEFENDANTS ARRESTED ON A
sWiNDLlNG SCHEME AND PUT
UNDER BONDS

NEW YORK. Mar. 1.-Plans of Uni
ted States Notifications were found in
the possession of Richard Won Arend
and Rudolph Won Kracht, two Ger
mans arrested on the charge of using
the mails in swindle scheme. ac-
cording TO the federal district attor-
ney. The men arrested were German
army officers. The conducted a beg
ging campaign They were held on
$4,000 bail each They denied that
they had plans of the forts.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1916-03-01
ULT|MATUM
SENT TO PORTUGAL
KAISER DEMANDS RESTORATION
OF SHIPS SEIZED BY
GOVERNMENT
,By Associated Press.p

Try Associated press.b
LONDON, Mar. /. - Germany has
sent an ultimatum to Portugal de.
manding the restoration within forty
eight hours of the German ships re-
Gently seized by that country, accord
ing to dispatch from Madrid
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1916-03-01
oRPET is HELD
tBy Associated Presso

CBy Associated Press.)
LAKE FOREST, III. Mar. 1.-Wm.
II. Orpet, charged with the murder of
Marian Lambert, Lake Forest high
school student, waived preliminary
hearing before justice of the peace.
The case will be considered by the
March grand jury.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1916-03-01
SEVEN MEET DEATH
IN FARMHOUSE FIRE

Z Hy NNNOcInted TreNr,I
TALOGA, Okla, Mar 1.-The bod
les of seven persons were found early
today in the ruins of farm house
burned during last night. six miles
northwest of here. The dead have
been identified as M. Creed, his wife
three children and his two brothers.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1916-03-01
ILLNESS OF TEACHER

Mis- Grace Filkins was absent from
her place in the eighth grade room this
forenoon because of illness. She had
recovered sufficiently to take charge
of her room this afternoon
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1916-03-01
DIAZ WAS AT TAMPA
AND STARTED THENCE


WASHINGTON, Mar l. Reports
today to the department of justice
said Gen. Felix Diaz. who hopes to
start a new revolution in Mexico left
the United States on February Is on
a ship bound from Tampa, Fla, to
TERRA. In the state of Vera Cruz,
Mexico.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1916-03-01
SOCIALISTS NAME TICKET


!, Wv NssOcInted FreHr.N
DULUTH, Mimi, Mar. /. - Mime
sofa socialists in state convention
here today named j. o. Bentall of
Litchfield their candidate for COVER
nor, and Andrew Hanson of Mime
apolis candidate for lieutenant gov
ernor. National issues were not dis
cussed
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1916-03-01
DEFICIT is SHOWN


tBy Associated Press.D
CHICAGO, Mar. 1. deficit of
$438,000 for the month of Decem-
ber, 1915. was shown in the report of
the receiver of the Chicago. Rock Is
land and Pacific railroad company to
the court today
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1916-03-01
SOCIALISTS VOTING
FOR CANDIDATES
LIST OF APPLICATIONS FOR A
PLACE ON THE PARTY
BALLOT

first presidential nomination by refer
endum was started today by the So
cialist party The vote will be cast
by Friday. The candidates for the
presidency are. Allan Benson, Won
kers: Arthur lie Sueur. Minot, s. ID.
James Murer, Reading, Pa. Vice
presidential candidates: George Kirk
patrick, Newark and Kate O'Hare OF
St. Louis.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1916-03-01
DIVORCE GRANTED

Judge Averill granted divorce late
yesterday afternoon to Christine Bra
cell from Bert l.. Brazell. The charge
was cruelty.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1916-03-01
WILL NOMINATE OFFICERS

A meeting of Tonopah lodge, No.
g74, Loyal Order Of Moose, will be
held this evening and nominations for
officers will be made.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1916-03-01

WASHINGTON, Mar. 1.-The con
.gressional leaders in conference
agreed that in Difference to the wishes
Of the president vote would be taken
in the near future in the senate and
house on the resolutions warning
Americans to keep off armed ships.
The form of the resolution to be pre-
sented will be determined later The
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1916-03-01
SOCIETY EVENT

ten pound boy arrived last night
at the home of Mrs and Mrs. Frank
Grignaschi.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1916-03-01

If you want the telegraph and local
news--try the Bonanza.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1916-03-01
. . . . . . . . . . .
TO-DAY AND A YEAR AGO

Official readings OF the ther.
} mometer by the United States
} observer at Tonopah. I
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1916-03-01
my Associated PressJ


NEW YORK, Mar. l. - The suit
brought by the present administration
of the New Haven railroads receiver
from John Billiard for profits alleged
to be due the New Haven in the deal
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1916-03-01
GERMAN OFFENSIVE
At VERDUN HALTED
Doubt as to Whether it Spent
it's Force or Whether
it Merely Paused


LONDON, 1.-The German in has
according to Paris reports The u extends virtually
week Commentators are at loss to determine whether the Ger
of
Germans reported still remaining
. French surrounded
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1916-03-01
STEAMER THORNABY
AND CREW GOODWIN
Liner America, Armed and Carry
ing Many Passengers, in
the Danger Zone
(By Associated Press }

Associated Press.)
LONDON. Mar. To-day marked the opening
German submarine campaign The Brsher Thoaby
the killed drowned
British censorship
being killed drowned
a The
ing sinking of a
indications
whether she sunk before the beginning
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1916-03-01
AVALANCHE WIPES OUT
IS HUMAN LIVES

Try Associated Press.D
BERLIN, Mar. Thirteen persons
were killed in an avalanche at Stel-
VIC Pass on the border of Tyrol and
Italy.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1916-03-01
Assurances Not Fully Satisfactory
AssAeluleI

Assurances Fully Satisfactory
WASHINGTON he
administration
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1916-03-01

Steamship America
YORK Mar 1.-The Italian steamship America, with
believed cabin
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1916-03-01
GOVT FORECAST

Unsettled weather
with rain or snow to-
night and Thursday.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1916-03-01

Continued on Page Four.)
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-09-30
War Office Will Not Accept
DR.. Barker's Services for
the Wounded.
EXPERT SAYS 1T
is DUE TO JEALOUSY
RY RnnERT HARNnEN-

7 ONION. Eng sept s0.-H A. Bar
ker. the noted bone manipulation.
who has cured hundreds OF Grip
pies and deformed persons. has been
refused permission by the war office
to relieve the sufferinss Of wounded
soldiers
In spite of conclusive proof OF hun
dreds Of cures. in spite OF the testi-
mony Of DIT. Walter Whitehead. Fl. c.
Wells, lord William Cecil rear admiral
Mark Kerr. W T. stead and many 9th
ers. and simply because he has not had
the standardized medical training and
is therefore an outsider to the old
fashioned practitioners. the British war
office turns down his generous and pa
triotic offer
Mr. Barker, in an interview. said TO
me-
1t is purely question Of jealousy.
You in America can hardly realize the
immense conservation Of the medical
profession in England 1 have not had
the training conventionally accepted as
necessary, and although DR. Whitehead.
president of the British Medical ASA
clauOn, mas written a pamphlet in
" hlcn he heartily endorses my meth
DDS and many others of the profession
personally give testimony Of the cures
| have made. yet / can get no public
recognition
Would Make Sacrifice.
And / am not allowed TO serve my
country. have offered 10 give up my
private practice, at great loss 10 my
self In order TO relieve the sufferines
of those wounded in the war. ] have
shown that not only can I render fit for
military service men who would other
h.
British government half million
pounds tS--5Oo,000l a year in pensions
asked him if he had done anything
Tor the soldiers IN his private practice.
Yes he said They come TO me
and pay big fees for the work 7 Of
fered TO do for The government free OF
charge And 7 have PHYSICIANS come 90
me TO be cured OF bone troubles. Yet
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-09-30

the landing Of British army at Dehidds
is a myth.
The warriors OF Tachia have rein
forced the regular Turkish troops be
fore Alden and the tribesmen Of the
pcwerful Ibn Rechad Pasha are fight
ing against the English IN Mesopotamis,
Shefkh said Idrie. an old rebel who
sided with the Italians in the TripOlitau
var. has so far refused to follow the
example Of his friend Hussein Pashs
and Keeps a neutral attitude
Amir Hussein Pasha. whose follow
ing is said to be small. made himself
conspicuous from the beginning Of the
war He refused TO proclaim the
sJehad." or Holy war" in Mecca and
-eneatedlv received British ernisSa ries
who came from Dehidda- His wealth
Increased visibly and there was no
doubt that he received large brides. but
the government for various reasons
hesitated to remove him.
Although he aided the British. he
committed no actual hostile act and at
first seemed TO have no other object
than TO make as much money as posi-
BILE To reward him for his services and
in the hope that his influence might
bring the other chiefs to their side the
English permitted him TO import large
quantities Of goods Of all kinds These
he shipped TO Syria and COnstantinople
at an enormous profit He would un-
doubtedly have carried on his profit
able business TO the end OF the war. but
the British suspected what he was do
ing and not only closed his ports. but
also bombarded the villages and towns
along the shores Of the Red Sea
Awaits Promised Aid
Thus cut off and threatened. the Amir
decided 10 throw himself into the arms
of the British entirely. He proclaimed
war against Turkey and captured Ne 20
dina After a short time he was badly
defeated and he is still waiting for
the military aid promised 10 him BY his
English allies
The execution of Arabs in syria was
the result Of discoveries made in the
French and British consulates in Beirut
and Damascus. When the Turkish au-
thorities seized the archives of the con-
sulates they found a large number Of
documents which proved that the en-
tente had euticed many influential
Arabs into conspiracy by which
Arabia and Syria were to be brought
under French and English rule
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-09-30
BONE members OFFER IS REJEGTED

these same medical men refuse to give
me public recognition
Rejected by Parliament
Mr. Bankers case has come I'D IN
parliament and even there he met the
same fate. Sir Arthur Markham cited
the case Of young soldier whose knee
was injured by shrapneL Although for
months he received the best attention
the medical corps could give him. and
was for sixteen weeks IN different hos
pitfalls under the best army surgeons. ne
got no relief He suffered intense pain
from his knee and had to use a cane
constantly
Finally he went before q medical
board consisting of seven doctors. was
operated or and discharged from the
army on pension Some time later he
went to Mr. Barker and was put right
in five minutes. walking across a mark
Immediately after the operation with
out the aid of a cane and suffering no
pain In short time he was as strong
as he ever was
The British papers have published re-
Gently many letters protesting against
the treatment Mr.. Barker has received
Public opinion is being aroused over
the case
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-09-30
ARCHAE OLOGIST.
TELLS Of NEW
DISCOVERIES
5000 Years Before Christ,
Crete Was Highly CiOil-
lied, Says EDans.
HAD PALACIAL AND
MODERN BUILDINGS
Eoen the Government Was
Modernly Constructed,
Discoveries ShoW.
ONION. England. sept. s0.-'Te

= ONION, England. sept 3o.-'Ten
thousand years before work
- started on the most ancient monu-
nent of Egypt. women clad from the
waist downwards in well-cut gowns
performed sacred dances said Sir
Arthur Evans. the famous archseoIo-
gist. in his presidential address to the
British association
According TO q picture left in a
rock shelter. the same slirted dancers
supplemented their dresses by sashes,
while another rock painting shows
them with still longer gowns rising TO
their bOsoms-"
Crete Cradle OF EurOPe-S Civilization
Coming to more modern times ana
20 the subject Of his own researches
Sir Arthur pointed out that yrete is
the cradle OF European civilization and
dated 70 at some 5000 years 3 g There
in this mid-sea land European culture
rose to wonderful height in the
fourth millennium
''New and refined arts developed.
some Of them. like that of the inlaid
metal work. never surpassed The
great palaces show on their walls the
highest artistic skill" he said
Ancient Life Very Modern
fsThe mOdernness OF much OF the
life revealed is astonishing The elah-
Grafton OF the domestic arrangements.
the staircases story above story. the
front places given to the ladies' at
shows. their fashionable flounced robes
and jackets. the gloves sometimes seen
on their hands or hanging from their
folding chairs. their very mannerisms
as seen on the frescoes. pointing their
conversation with animated gestures
how strangely out OF place would II
all appear in a classical design,
The touches supplied by its closing
scene are singularly dramatic-the
little bathroom opening out Of the
queens parlor. with its painted clay
bath. the royal drauEhtboard flung
down in the court. the vessels for
amounting and the oil jar for their
filling ready to hand by the throne OF
the priest-kinF. with the benches or
his consistory round and the sacral
griffins on either side
Even government and administration
we're strangely modern, he said There
are inscribed sealingS signed, counter
marked, and cOunter-signed by con-
trolling officials, who could count up
10 10000
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-09-30
MECCA REVOLT
FAILURE; MANY
ARABS KILLED
Turkish Government Gives
Official Version of Arab
an Trouble.
BRITISH ARMY NOT
LANDED AT DEHIDDA

~ONSTANTINOPL TURKEY. Sept.
S0-The veil which covered Arabia
~ for many months Is gradually be
ing lifted and the Turkish capital at
last learIs what happened there That
something had gone wrong became
known when the official ''Tanin" some
tine age reported the removal OF Hus-
sein Pasla. the Amir of Mecca. and the
appointment sheriff Ali Haidar. former
first vic. president Of the Turkish SEN
ate. as lis successor.
Late in July p-o-entente circles in
Fera btgan 70 spread very alarming
rdmors. il was said that Amir Hussein
Pssha. and all the other Arabian chiefs
had ioired the allies and we're threaten
ing the flank Of the Turkish forces
ARABIAN COnspirators Executed.
4 iaTe British army was said to have
been lsnded at Dehidda, the port Of
Mecca. and il was asserted the Arabs
IN Svrii were also about to rise against
To receive partial confirmation when
the execution OF a number of Arabian
conspiators in Damascus was an
nouncai by the government
The alarm caused by the Pera rumors
grew steadily. and the authorities made
no effort to contradict the stories cir
culatei by the friends and sympathizers
O. the allies in the European quarter
OF the capital The silence of the gov
errrneat was considered OminOus and
aIlnos. everybody believed the general
rebellion Of the Arabs was a fact.
To prevent the panic which threat
cred 10 seize the public the war de
partmeut has at last seen fit to explain
" hat really happened 10 Arabia In a
lone -enOrt published in the "Tauin." it
is stated that only two Of the Arab
chiefs. Hussein Pasha and Sheikh Ibu
seud, have joined the allies, ana that
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-09-30
Wonder City Of Old World
Is Believed Doomed TO
Destruction.
APPEAL is MADE
FOR PROTECTION
Repetition of Story of Lou
Udin, Rheims and Anas
Feared By Deputies.

- ONE, Italy. Sept so-Professor
A Fradelette. deputy from
- Venice to the italian parliament,
has just arrived here with a com
mittes OF Venetian leaders TO sub
nit 10 premier BoscIi a number OF
measures destined TO relieve the
economic distress IN the city and
Venice in order to prevent further air
raids.
City appears Doomed.
at Will be a repetition OF the story
OF Louvain. Rheims and Arras." deputy
FradeIette said Judging BY what
has already happened. the city is
doomed TO destruction Naturally the
world at large knows very little about
the extent OF the damage already in
flicted on the city. but the fact fs thar
and the Austrians keep up their in
discriminate bombardnent OF the city
the present pace there will soon be
but very little left in Venice worth
IF St Marks is stili intact it Is not
the Austrians fault Probably there
is either an angel or a saint who
shields the cathedral whose marble
the mosaic still tell the story OF the
old Christian republic- But how long
viii il remain INDIANA ged- When viii
me AuSLrlanS destroy III
Owing to its geographical position.
Venice. besides being a huge open
air museum. is also q naval Base This
justifies the air raids; but the build
ings that up 70 date have most SUI
Isred from the air bOmbardments are
those which have no military vslus
whatever.
IN a year. beside the church OF the
Scalzi the Austrian bombs have great
y damaged the convent OF St Francis
and the church of the same name at
tached to IT.
COnna gratiOn Threatened.
The true. deliberate. vandaI RI
tempts against the monuments OF the
city began right after the fall OF Co
ritzia- Since then incendiary bombs
have been used. instead OF purely sx-
piosive ones, but now the danger OF
a gigantic conflagration have been
added 70 those OF explosions
The world knows that the dome OF
st Peters has been demolished What
the world does not know IS that n the
Royal Palace with its priceless col
lections is still intact. II is only be-
cause OF the fact that a bomb failed
to explode The Marcelle and Papa
dopoh palaces, the latter still schoinE
the gorgeous receptions and balls in
honor Of kaiser Wilhelm when he came
to Venice TO embark for his villa at
Corfu, have also been greatly dam
aged The marble balustrade in front
of the Tolautini church was torn from
its base and thrown 8 long distance
away
And the raids continue
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-09-30
laps Select Girls To
Mary Colonists Who
Settle South America

Toxic. Japan, Sept S0.-With the
'geutleman's agreement barring the
way 10 the United States. Japanese i'm
migration has been flowing in a grow
ing stream TO South America, and has
now reached large dimensions. The
kiyo Marue OF the Tokyo Kisen Kaisha
service sail from Yokohama with 9S1
Steerage passengers aboard. all OF
nom. except q very few bound for
Honolulu or san Francisco, were
booked for South America
The steamer also carried IS japanese
girls on their way to South America
TO become the brides OF farmers wh5
have settled there They were selected
by a marriage agency out of 200 ap-
plicants. The foreunate ones were the
survivors OF a strict examination into
the physical and mental condition and
their educa ton
Brazil is most attractive to the jap
auese who find that they get profitable
opportunities there for land cultiva-
ton The Japanese community already
mum bers several thousand. according
10 reports reaching this country
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-09-30
GERNANSCANNOT
STOP BELGIUM 8
SECRET PAPERS
Appear Regularly Despite
the Execution of Supposed
Editors.
PUBLISHED IN
"AUTO CELLARS"

TTAVRE, France. Sept. 3O.-The Bel
gian government authorities
- Ahere have received information
of the continued appearance OF patri-
otto newspapers at Brussels and
throughout Belgium, in defiance Of the
German censorship and despite all the
efforts of the German military police
Il is one Of the mysteries of the Ger
man occupation Of Belgium how these
secret papers can be published. where
they engrave their cartoons ridiculinE
the Germans. and how they set the
type and circulate the papers
Price Of 10000 MARKS on Editor.
There is price Of 10000 marks on
the head Of the editor of the Free Bel
GUM, but it keeps on appearing just
the same Several of the supposed
editors are said 10 have been shot one
man was sentenced to Il years hard
Continued on Page 49,
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-09-30
To Withdraw Al
Sil0er and Nickel Coins

Vienna. Austria. sept. 3O.-The Austrian
minister uf finance announces that an nickel
coins viii be withdrawn from circulation
after Jan J. 1917. AS the metal Is needed
tor military purposes. The ten and twenty
heller pieces viii De- replaced by iror coins
which arc now beginning 10 leave the minl
in large quantities.