davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-05-01

DUBLIN Ireland May Following the example Of their leaders
rrendcrn $50 OF the Sim Fen followers who have fought
week stronghold the Genital part of the city today marched
from their barricaded houses and shops carrying white flag and ready
to throw down their
In sections of the city there is still snpng the
British soldiers who patrol the but the general fighting
The leaders of the revolt Pearce and James Connolly have been taken
prisoners Both wounded
The greatest disturbances which remain outside Dublin
in the county of Meath.
Here and few other places the rebels continuing their
activities.
In Sackvie and adjacent few grders left standing
the of the houses burned shot pieces the post
office is only smouderng framework and every window in the
has been shattered Books and furniture taken from several
buildings and used as barrcades. sgsss
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-05-01
new YORK TUGS
ARE TIED UP BY
STRIKE OF men
rAssoc.a.ed Press BY Federal wirslsssl

NEW YORK, n. Y, May LOW
ing to big strike of engineers and
firemen, hundreds of tugs are idle in
New York harbor and adjacent wa
ters today.
Between 80 and 40 vessels are In
the bay awaiting discharge. The
principal railroads have reached an
agreement with the employees and
their towing craft are therefore oper.
ating but many others are not.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-05-01
BELGIAN RELIEF
STEAMER SUNK

LONDON, Eng, May 1.-The Brit
ish steamer Hendon Hall, bound from
Portland, Maine, with wheat for Bel
gian relief. has been sunk in the war;
zone, without casualties.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-05-01
RECEPTION AT PEARL
HARBoR TOMORROW

The ccmmandant and Mrs. c. j
Bcush will give reception tomorrow
from 4 to 6 o'clock at Pearl Harbol
for the commanding officer and off
GERS of the Argentine Republic train
ing ship Presidente Sarmiento. In the
absence of more formal invitation they
win be pleased II their friends in Ho
nolnlu VIII assist in the reception.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-05-01
NEW YORK STOCK
MARKET T0DAf

Following are the closing prices Of
stocks on the New York market to-
day, sent by the Associated Press over
the Federal Wireless:
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-05-01
NEW SUBMARINE LAUNCHED

rAssocsstsd Prsss BY RsasraI WifslsssI
BRIDGEPORT. Conn, May The
submarine LIS. latest Of the u s. navy
types. was launched today.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-05-01
EVANGELIST IS
!. CALLED BY DEATH

rAssocia.ed Press sy Federal wdelsss1
GRAND RAPIDS, Mich, May IL
Fay Mills, the noted evan.
gelist, died today.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-05-01
REBEL LEADERS HOIST WHITE
FLAG IN DUBLIN; ELSEWHERE
RAGGED FIGHT IS MAINTAINED
450 MEN WHO FOUGHT FOR WEEK IN CENTRAL STRONG
HOLD GIVE lN-vl0LENT ACTION ON WEST FRONT
HEAVY BRITISH LOSS TN MES0P0TAMlA, GERMANS
I. CLAlM-FIRE DAMAGES BIG FRENCH GUNW0RkS
IAssociated press service oy Federal Wirelessl

BERLIN Germany May eermanys reply to The final demand
another days deliberations military before the
will Berlin. ssAt
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-05-01

H. LONDON Eng May lit is officially announced today
all rebel leaders Dublin have surrendered after week of revolt
the loss of lives The British forces steadily
the rebels, who took opportunity to give up.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-05-01

Ragmnndo Martin. charged with
theft On military reservation. win
60 TO trial a federal court at $3.50
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-05-01

PARS France, May 1Te Germans today delivered uassed
attack north OF Dead Mans hill which position the French recently
captured The French attacked ALMOST Immediately and after
losing trench north of Cumieres repused the Germans with enormous
losses.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-05-01
British Losses in Mesopotamia

BERLIN Germany, May during the fighting which the Brit
ish expedionay did March and April this year Aesopon
their casualties amounted 10000 according the Overseas News
Agency despatch from Cpnstaninople.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-05-01
HAWANS WAR
RELIEF IS now
OVER SlO0,000


= = "
i James A Rsfh. treasurer o|
= the war Relief COMMITTEES. an
q nonnced today that the latest
3 funds sent 81 |'t COMMITTEES arr
q $4,000 for AlI1t|'In relief >>|'@|
: to the American Red Gross |..
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-05-01
Violent Fighting Near Verdun

BERLIN Germany May -voent fighting taxing place
day Dead Mans hill Otherwise the situation gsii
orally unchanged. sgasasa ~
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-05-01

CHERBOJRG France, May Fire of unknown origin today
partially branch Creuo gun works where
important munitions orders being filled An investigation be-
ing made
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-05-01

From San Francisco:
Lurline. May 2.
Fer San Francisco:
Sonoma, May 2.
From Vancouver:
Niagara, May II.
For Vancouver:
Makura, May &c.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1916-02-09
Marion Mosher, l6-Year-Old
High School Student,
Found Yesterday
SHE HAD APPLIED
FOR SHELTER
Large Searching Party Had
Just Started Out to
Find Her

Augusta, Me-, Feb. a. Marion Mosher
l6year- oldghigh school girl and daughter
of Rev. and Mrs. Charles G. Mosher OF
the Penney Memorial Baptist church
was found at the home of North Vas
salboro man where she had applied for
shelter late Monday night.
Her mind apparently has been affected
by oyerstudy, the police say.
The girl was able TO tell that after
leaving home Monday she went to Wa.
terville, then when her money gave out
returned to North Vassalboro, IL miles
from here. She had no money for the
rest of the trip home, it was after dark,
and she applied at the home of Frank
Reed for work as domestic and for
shelter for the night
He and his family admitted her, and
Yesterday Constable Richardson notified
the Augusta police she was there. She
was brought home by her father and City
Marshal HARDWOOD.
Before the girl was found, more than
100 persons had started out in automo-
biles to hunt for the girl through the
territory.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1916-02-09
Pur. DRINKING Water.

The geologic resource OF greatest
value to the health of communities is a
supply OF pure drinking water. IL IL
generally recognized that a number OF
diseases, prominent among which are
typhoid fever and amoebic dysentery-
a disease more common in tropical elf
mates, but found also in the United
States-are contracted through contain.
mated water or contaminated food.
Therefore a supply OF pure water viii
eliminate one Of the sources of such
Infection
II Is highly desirable TO obtain sup
plies Of domestic water from sources
other than the shallow wells. some Of
them open. that are found near many
houses. The water obtained from deep
wells has percoIated through sands and
other material for 50 great a distance
that its impurities have been removed
by filtration. and IL Possesses = sani
tary value that cannot wei he overeS
timated. for such water IL free from
the bacteria causing typhoid fever and
the protozua causing amoebic dysen-
terry. and ifs use obriateS the necessity
for shallow wells that nav serve a.
breeding place for Anopheiss. the mos
quito O. which maisrizl Infections Is
due Geological survey Bulletin.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1916-02-09

half mile from the bridge. He was
going to try the water cure this time
The bluffs were thirty feet above the
water, and Jim couldn't swim stroke
Instead of striking the water, how
ever, he struck a strip of mud.
''You blamed IDIOT What did you
jump for? I saw you when you made
the leap!' said passerby.
Il wanted to die" replied Jim.
Sarah got every loose boy in town
TO hunt for jim but they hunted in
vain. He had one more attempt COM
ing TO him, and If found at all he want
ed to be found dead. He went two
miles away from town and hired to
farmer to sprinkle paris green over the
potato vines of his patch. The farmer
left him alone for an hour, and Jim
mixed a big dose Of L powder and
drank it down. 1t wal an overdose,
however, and 1t was tt yn off, and
his life was saved again.
1t was when poor Jim was lettering
down the road toward the village that
a man in an auto overlook him and
halted TO say.
IF you aren't drunk. then YOU are
sick. Get in here. Now, what's the
matter?"
Jim told him all and, curiously
enough, the autoist proved to be an
uncle Of his whom he had not heard
of since his boyhood days. When the
uncle had heard the story to its end he
said:
Jim, you had a fool for father.
You have got three fool brothers and
fool sisters and about FIVE or six fool
uncles and aunts and the Lord only
knows how many fool cousins. but you
are the first fool in all the family that
ever owned up to being fool. You
shall be rewarded in consequence.
will buy you house and lot in the vii
lage, give you 5000 to set you and
Sarah on your feet and bet that you'll
come out very near the top. A man
who Is fool and knows it is better
man than one who thinks he is wise
ard doesn't know It."
And Jim and Sarah made up and |
have lived happily ever since.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1916-02-09
GET IT FIRST-NOT LAST

When a cold grips your system II IS
convincing proof that your condition is
acknowledgements that tits risky
indeed to simply trust your strength to
throw it off, because neglected colds
have brought more serious sickness
than any other one thing, while weak
eningcathsuics and acknowledgements
are often depressing and dangerous.
The one best treatment for any cold
the one so often relied on when others
fail. isthe powerful blood-nourishment
In SCOTS Emulsion. which feeds the
very sources Of bodily strength to sup
press the present cold and generate
strength 10 fhwaTt further sickness.
Get SCOTS first, not lasi-and insist
on the genuine always free from al
oohol and injurious drugs.
soa1 a BsSaE. uloom6E1a. M. La
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1916-02-09

sweetening. While it is baking take
three tablespoons of grated pineapple,
one tablespoon of water, three of sugar
and simmer together till the fruit looks
clear. When the pie is taken from the
oven, remove the top crust, spread the
pineapple over the apple, replace the coy
er and set the pie away to cool. The
pineapple mixture furnishes the sweeten-
ing.
Lemon Pie with Raisins-0ne egg, ono
cup of raisins, one large lemon, one cup
of light brown sugar, half cup OF mo-
lasses, two tablespoons of melted butter,
one even tablespoon of flour. Chop rails
ms fine; CRATE the yellow part of lemon;
stir the -four to a paste in cold water
and add to the cup of boiling water.
Beat the eggs and stir all together. This
will make the filling for two pies with
top and bottom crust.
Pumpkin Pie-To make one pie, rub
through sieve cooked pumpkin enough
to make two cups. To this add a small
cup of sugar, saltspoon of salt, one
teaspoon of cinnamon and one of ginger
and pint of hot milk and stir thorough
". When cold stir in two well beaten
eggs ana Hll PIE plaIe tlat mas Ueeu
lined with good rich paste. 1t will re-
quire three-quarters of an hour to bake.
Mineemeat--Five pounds of beef boiled
till tender lit should be salted when
partly donel. Let cool in liquor, remove
fat, chop very fine and measure. Use
twice as much finely chopped apple,
which should be tart To the apple and
the meat then add the liquor in which
the meat was boiled: also the fat which
has been removed and one quart of boiled
cider. If there was scant amount of
fat use also a half a cup OF butter. Jelly
or candied fruits will improve the pies,
il wanted richer. Add also three teas
spoons of cloves, three of cinnamon, same
Of mace, and three pounds of seeded
raisins. No definite rule can be given
for sugar, as more or less is required, ac
,ording to the acidity OF the apples.
Sweeten to taste with brown sugar. Att
n all the ingredients have been put to-
gether. warm and if found too thick TO
use, thin with cider or unfermented
,rapeiuiee When hot this eau be put up
Is fruit and be kept Indefinitely.
Dorothy Dexter
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1916-02-09
AMERICAN SURGEON
DOING FINE WORK
DR.. Eugene Hurd, Physical Giant, Is Cred
tied BY Russian Soldiers With Be-
ing Able To Do Impos-
sible Feats.

Petrograd Feb o.. More than 5000
surgical operations, most OF them close
to the fighting line and with the roar of
artillery in his ears, is the past years
record OF DR.. Eugene Hurd. until recently
the only American surgeon at the front
with the Russian forces. Dir. Hurd is
chief surgeon in charge of the 29th,
known as the "Grodno Nobility" flying
column He has the rank of colonel in
the regular army. His physique he
stands six feet, three inches in height
and weighs 225 pounds makes him a
conspicuous figure. even among the big
fellows of the Siberian corps among
whom he works. He has acquired a rep
utation among the simple minded sol
diers for doing the impossible. A soldier
returning from the hospital told his fell
lows that the big American surgeon
could take hand that had been shot off,
patch it together and put it back on
good as new"
Hurd has been reported several times
killed, wounded or missing. He has made
a number of hurried getaways. but he
has always turned up with his outfit
when the smoke cleared: His column
was QUILTED by the noble families of
Grodno soon after the outbreak of the
war. Then they looked about for a sur
geon to take charge. Adult that time
Ilurd, who was in Seattle, was offering
his services to Russia. Through the Rus
sian consul in Seattle his offer was ae-
cepted and he sailed on Nov. 2s for Via
divostok. He was at once sent to Grod-
NUith afraa IN. . hn
term of the war. He believed he was
giving his services gratis. but several |
months later, when he had time to have
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1916-02-09
Pie Making.

sPie season. Is back again. Flaky
crust and juicy filling await hungry
Americans. A good pie crust recipe FOL
lows:
Pie Crust-One-h half cup Of lard and
one half cup OF butter. Work into three
cups OF -four. Moisten with cold water.
Take half the quantity, roll to an Inch IN
thickness. cover with small bits OF but %
ter. then form the whole into roll. With
a rolling pin applied crosswise the roll.
hatten il and cover again with bits Of
butter. Repeat this operation three
times. using in all about a quarter ct a
Gun of butter. This i for the upper
crust. The other half for the under crust
needs 10 be- rolled but once, and very thin
for the pan. u Il is to be filled with
custard. squash. lemon or cream. bake
the under crust frst. To keep II smooth
ON the pan cut q piece Of paper the siHe
al the crust and partly gu il with -four.
This four can be used for gravies. ETC.
OF course the paper Is 10 b. removed BE-
fore SLING the pie for the final baking.
This win make four medium pies- both
nrner aud under crust. This BE- much
-heaper than puff paste and better for
ordinary use.
Apple Pc with Pineapple Bake an
srplc pc IN the usual way. and witaOat
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1916-02-09
GRAY HAIR BECOMES
DARK, THICK, GLOSSY
Try Grandmother's Old Favorite Recipe
of Sage Tea and Sui
phur

Almost everyone knows that sage tea
and sulphur. properly compounded
brings back the natural color and luster
to the hair when faded, streaked or
gray: also ends dandruf. itching scalp
and stops falling hair. Years ago the
only way to get this mixture was to
make Il at homo. which Is mussy and
troublesome.
Nowadays We simply ask at any drug
store for -Wyeth's Sage and Sulphur
compound" You viii get = large bottle
FOR about 80 cents Everybody uses this
old. famous recipe, because no one can
possibly ten that YOU darkened your
hair. as il does Il - naturally and even
". You dampeu = sponge or soft brush
With i and draw this through your hair.
taking one small strand az q time. hy
morning the gray hair dissppesrs. and
after another application ~ two. your
hair heooules BEAUTIFULLY dark. thick and
glossy. and YOU look years younger
ADJ.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1916-02-09
keep LOOKING YOUNG
It's Easy = If You Know DR..
Edwards Olive Tablets

The secret OF keeping young Is TO
feel younE-to do this you must watch
your liver and boWeis-there'E no need
81 having a sali0w compiexion-oark
rings under your cves-pimpies-a bill
lious look in your face-dgil eyes with no
sparkle.
Your doctor viii ten you rin~ty uer cent
cf al sickness comes from inactive bowels
snd liver.
Dr. Edwards. Weii-kaoun physician in
ohio. perfected Vegetable compound
mixed with olive oil 10 act On the liver and
bowels which he gave to his patients Tor
years
Dr. Edwaris. Olive Tablets. TIE ssbs;i-
tute for calcmei. are gentle IN their action.
Jet always elective.
They bring about that eruherawce a.
spirit that natural huoganev whirh 81 srifd
re enAoAe1 ~ everyone. nT TOWING ur TIE
liver and clearing tte system ~ lr--1rsffss
You VII knez Dr. Eiwaris' olive Tab
Jets bV tnsir olive color. Ice ana are rer
fox All drurrlsts
ne olive Tsh.si co-nar~. Colu-ruas- a
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1916-02-09

recommend it to any woman suffering
from female weakness. You may pub
lish my letter If you wish. Mrs. JAMES
CoNLEY, 5l6 st. Clair St., Frankfort, KY.
No woman suffering from any form of
female troubles should lose hope until
she has given Lydia E. Pinkham's Veg
etable Compound fair trial.
This famous remedy, the medicinal
ingredients of which are derived from
native roots and herbs, has for forty
years proved TO be most valuable tonic
and invigorator of the female organism.
All women are invited to write
to the Lydia Il. Pinkham Medi-
cine Co., Lynn, Mass, for special
advices-it will be confidential.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1916-02-09
Good Reason.

In his book about his distinguished
father the son Of Louis Agassiz tells q
story that relates to the life of tho
great scientist IN America. A few
years before his death he came into
his house in Cambridge delighted with
an occurrence he had just seen in Bos
ton. A carriage pushing through the
crowd had knocked down woman
Her escort proceeded to pummel the
driver. But why" asked the listener
didn't the owner come to his drivers
assistance oh" exclaimed Agas
siz, Il was holding him"
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1916-02-09
Will Receive About $40, 900
Out of Her Hus-
bands Estate
TO SETTLE AFFAIRS
WITHOUT CONTEST
Attorney Lewis Will Appeal
the Cases of Two
Negroes

| Providence, Feb. 0.-Mrs. Elizabeth
Frances Mohr will receive $4,000 out of
her husbands estate. This was officially
stated yesterday by attorneys who have
been in constant conference To settle the
affairs Of the widow without litigation.
Mrs. Alohr will receive one.third of all
OF the late DIR. {. Franklin Mohr's per-
sonal property, which amounts to S3l 900.
She will receive two-thirds of his New
port estate, valued at $4,000; two-thirds
of the Elmwood property, valued at 49,
900, and two .thirds OF all other property
of the murdered physician scattered IN
and around Providence. This is valued
at $4,000.
Speaking of the statements that Mrs.
Mohr has been left destitute. Attorney
Arthur Cushing, her attorney, said:
There is only one thing to be said
about such statements-lies. Anyone
who is curious can look up the records OF
the value of the estate as filed in the city
halls at Providence and Newport. The
personal property has been appraised and
the value accepted by the court.
Mrs. Mohr has received preliminary
widows allowance of $1,000. Her son,
Charlie, has received $4,000 on his ia
theirs insurance policy, which DIR. Mohr
made out in favor OF the little fellow.
Philip Knauer and myself have worked
out satisfactory agreement, one that is
acceptable to Mrs A[ohr, c. Manning
Mohr and Mrs. Adele Mar, the other
heirs"
G. Manning Mohr and Mrs. Adele Mari
are the children of DIR. Mohr by his first |
wife. They are represented by Attorney |
Joseph Roycroft of Baltimore, who has |
been attending the conferences for the |
past few days relative to the settling OF |
the estate. Before leaving for Baltimore |
he said that his clients would be salts
fed with the plan worked out, and that /
It would be unnecessary to take the mat
ter into the courts.
Mrs Mohr has selected all the effects /
,he desires from the personal estate, TAX
ng the monOgramed silverware, her ia
Sorite piano and several antiques. c.
Manning Mohr has taken all of his ia
-her's suits, 40 in number, 100 pairs OF
ihoes, dozen riding habits, 80 canes and
/ score of hats.
William II. Lewis, the Boston attorney
Who defended Cecil Victor Brown on the
harge of numbering Dr. Mohr, announced
yesterday that he would take an appeal
IN Friday of the iury's verdict OF guilty.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1916-02-09
Wasted Apology.

"One day" says London journalist,
''the late Walter Emanuel called on me
and chatted delightfully."-. After half
an hour the humorist said he must go
and apoIogized for having wasted so
much valuable time.
Don't mention it. | rushed to re.
ply. 1T has been pleasure
oh. it's not your valuable time I'm
thinking Of said Mr. Emanuel as he
picked up his hat. It's mine: FIX
change.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1916-02-09
Or. Johnson,s HomeIinss..

Samuel johnson was himself-and
this is quality rarely found in plain"
men-under no illusion as to his per
sonal appearance. DR.. Burney tells US
that ON one occasion while Miss Bur
ney was examining his portrait he
peeped over her shoulder and, with a
ludicrous half laugh. exclaimed: "Ah,
ha. Sam Johnson / see thee-and an
ngly dog thou artr'-London Times.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1916-02-09

do my own work,
had to hire 1t done.
/ h card so much
about Lydia +. Pink
hams Vegeta BILE
Compound that /
tried it. ! took three
bottles and / found
it to be all you
claim. Now | feel as
well as everI did and
am able to do all my
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1916-02-09
help FOR
WORKING WOMEN
Some Have to Keep on Until
They Almost Drop. How
Mrs. Conley Got Help.

Here Is a letter from woman who
had 10 work, but was too weak and suf-
fered too much TO continue. How she
regained health -
Frankfort, KY. suffered so much
with female weakness that could not
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1916-02-09
Force of Habit.

1.-THE idea of that upstart talking
back as he. did to society favorite!
And they do say he was one time only
butler"
Maybe that is why he was so quick
TO answer the belle.n-Baltimor Amer
lean.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1916-02-09

blotches on my face and they
itched and burned terribly and
at times | rubbed my face but
this made the itching more
painful. The pimples on my
forehead were disfiguring and
they were constantly irritated.
For two months my face was
badly disfigured.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1916-02-09
Caffeine.

Caffeine. the active principle of cof
fee. was discovered by Runge in 1870
In pure state il takes the form OF
long silky needles In ordinary cof
fee II is present to the extent OF about
] per cent. but Java coffee contains a.
and Martinique has as much as ca.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1916-02-09

Ii clothes pegs are dipped in white
enamel paint and dried in the sun, they
can be kept perfectly clean and will not
split. nor mark the clothes.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1916-02-09

If it is necessary to cut a strip Of
crocheted lace. stitch across with sewing
machine about four times and then cut
between the middle stitchngs.