Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1916-03-26

In the brooding of chicks II l. cs-
scntial that the chicks are properly
hatchcd. This article explains the
laws governing incubation during 'hr
hast three days. and continues with
,imDlc directions for the construction
and OpcratiOn of the brOdcrs ana the
care Of the chicks to the time OF wcan-
ing al gbOut five weeks Of age
"a well-hatchcd, healthy chick
grows hisself' is an old saying whlch
ipples to incubator-h hatched CHICKS
for the reason that they do not enjoy
maternal attention and protection. To
have these healthy chicks to place IN
the brooder, the operation of the IN
cubator from the eighteenth day 10
the removal of the brood from the ma
chine must bc governed by the laws or
nature. The last three days are most
important.
Operating the Incubator.
Do not overhead the eggs and chicks
at the pipping period. Many operators
run their incubators at temperature
of lO2la degrees the first haif OF the
hatch. then gradually increase the
heat the remaining ten days until n
temperature of about 104 degrees is
maintained from the eighteenth day TO
the close of the hatch. This practice
is contrary to nature, and may result
in less chicks matching than when a
constant temperature OF loZ 'a degrees
is held from beginning to end
Moisten and soften the membranes
(skins) inside the shell of the egg to
enable the chick to emerge more
readily. Sprinkle the eggs on the
eighteenth day of incubation with
water of l06 degrees, partially with
drawing the trays and spraying the
eggs lightly with whisk broom
Sprinkle the interior of the egg cham
ber, also, so that the glass in the door
is dripping wet.
Maintain this atmosphere of pure
moist air in the egg chamber until the
piping is finished. when the Oldest
chicks are dry and commence to gasp
for breath, open the door, partially
withdraw an egg tray, remove any
dry chicks to the chick chamber un-
derneath, roll the eggs around, ana
sprinkle the Unmatched and pipped
eggs and wet chicks with warm water
in the manner previously described.
Repeat this airing and sprinkling
several times on the nineteenth. twen-
tieth and twenty first days.
The great percentage of the en-
bryos that die in the shell at piping
time are killed by the poisonous air
of the closed egg chamber. sitting
hen exposes her partially -hatched eggs
and chicks without decreasing the
hatch; she will stand in the nest and
with her beak endeavor to help
chick break the shell and gain free
dom.
The ventilation of the egg chamber
of an incubator is insufficient to main
l.. Ia lyS
gasp for breath, il is not because they
for lack Of oxygen. This is
the signal to open the door, purify the
air, and to sprinkle the eggs with
warm water to replace the moisture
that has escaped. The operation does
not required over two minutes and can
be repeated as often as necessary.
white diarrhoea" and similar in
testinal disturbances are caused by
this "closed-door treatment. Such
chicks are difficult to raise even with
ideal brooding conditions. and are
Of little value.
Hang piece of burlap over the
glass in the door of the egg chamber
to darken the interior and prevent the
older chicks eating the droppings. In
sert a match In the crack of the door
and leave a slight opening when the
last chick has emerged from the shell
to provide more fresh air at this
period. Maintain a temperature of
1O2 above the egg tray, which Will
give temperature of about 95 de-
grees in the lower part where the
chicks remain until removed to the
brooder. ct is assumed the incubator
has a chick chamber under the egg
trays. although some types do not pro-
vide this room. In that case decrease
he temperature above the trays to 100
degrees.)
Do not be In hurry to take away
the chicks; wait until the youngest
are dry and strong on their legs. The
earliest Matched can remain in the in
cubator for from SO to AS hours, IL
necessary, without injury, If they have
sufficient ventilation. are warm, and
DO not eat any filth. This treatment.
air was foul.
Initiate Natural BrOOding Methods.
Before dealing with the construc-
lion and operation Of broOders, let us
the natural brooding Of
chicks. We cannot improve on nature
and to achieve the greatest success,
we must understand and abide by her
laws. The temperature Of the bare
breast of the sitting hen is l04.6 de-
yrees, a much greater heat than the
hicks require; the temperature inside
he hens wings is 99.4 degrees, but the
chicks are not compelled to remain in
either of these places. If they are
cold, they can be quickly warmed; il
hey become too warm, they can push /,
)ut their head or body and cool off.
We should endeavor to obtain this
flexible condition in artificial brood
ng.
Brooder Stoves Are Recommended.
From the condition found in
natural incubation. it would seem that
he latest system of brooding chicks, |
he use Of coal burning or oil-burning |
)rooder stoves that have a temper
iture of 10 to 1870 degrees near the |
,tove and lower temperatures at
greater distances, would be more sue |
,essful than small brooders in which |
he chicks are kept at certain heat. |
The secret of success in brooding
,hicks is to have some place Ga hover) |
o which the chicks may run when |
,old, and from which they can move !
nto more moderate temperature |
when too warm. Brooders that do not |
permit the chicks to select a comfort |
lble heat at all times must be op-
,rated by an expert, or the brood will |
,e endangered by being overheated or |
chilled.
The cost of the coal-burning stove |
'eferred to has been reduced, so that !
t Is possible to purchase a reliable /,
Ityle that broods up to five hundred |
hicks at q moderate price. Such a !
tove is placed in the center Of a room, |
md II chicks Of different ages are