Arizona republican., 1916-12-24

elsewhere. informed Napoleon III Of his willingness to cede Venetia to Italy and his desire that Napoleon be mediator. Napoleon accepted, and Bismarck drafted the terms and sent them to Napoleon, who. as mediator, accepted them. An armistice fol- lowed
 In 1870 the French government which succeeded Napoleon III asked first for an armistice. then for peace. but the requests were declined and the siege of Paris began. After the surrender of Paris the Germans con sented to an armistice to permit the election of a National Assembly which it could recognize. The preiminaries of peace were agreed on between Bis marclN and Thiers at Versailles, and the treaty followed at Frankfort.
 The Russo Turkish war was cut short by England's threat to enter it. Russia arranged an armistice imme- diately and negotiated the Treaty of San Stefano directly with Turkey. England. backed by France and Aus tria. refused to recognize it and the Congress of Berlin was summoned; but before it met the czar had nego- tiated secret treaty with England embodying most of the agreements subsequently made there.
 China made two approaches to Japan while the war of 1894 was go- ing on, but through envoys who had no proper credentials. and Japan re- fused to treat with them. When China was wholly defeated and the Japanese armies about to march on Pcking, the empire sent Li Hung Chang, with proper credentials to Shimonoselli, and the treaty was at once drawn up.
 Russia put an end to the Turco- Grecian war of 1897 by peremptorily ordering an armistice just as the vic tOriOus Turks were marching on cen tTal Greece.
 The Spanish-American war Of 1898 closed when Spain, on July 26. made ! Ovcrtures to the United States through Cambon. the French ambassador at i Washington. Seventeen days later the ! protocol was signed
 ! The Beer war ended in an unpre- cedented way. The members of the l TransVal government rode into Mid : dleburg and requested to be sent to i Lord Kitchener to arrange peace terms | with him. He met them, but held that l because of the peculiar character of | the Boer army the men in the field i would have to be consulted if any as Surdnct or peace was to De gwen Steyn, De Wet, and Delarey went to the commandos. explained the situation
 to them, and each body in the field
 chose two delegates to meet at Yer 1 eeniging and decide the matter bS
 vote
 ! President Roosevelt brought tn, , Russo Japanese war to an end by
 sending. on June s, 1905, identic dis
 patches to both governments urgin;
 that they enter into peace negotiations
 Both q ao.ccpted and sent envoys to tn,
 United States to negotiate the Treat!
 of Portsmouth.
 An armistice in the first Balkan wa
 was ended by a breaking off of negoti
 ations. The Powers then agreed upoi ! terms and offered mediation A sec oad armistice was signed. but Monten- eero would not join it and went on witt , the war. She captured Scutari, bu Austria took it away from her, and tn
 second peace conference, which wa successful, met at London.
 The ways of ending wars. therefore , are various. Mediation has played al
 infinitesimal part in the wars of tn
 last century and a half; and direct ap
 plication by one belligerent to others l save in cases of utter defeat. has fe1
 lrecedents.