The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-01-16
thing is done toward conservation Of
the forests the industry must even
tually become Of little importance.
~ Manner OF Harvesting,

tually become OF little importance.
~ Manner OF Harvesting, =.
The resinous product Of the pine
tree furnishes the raw material for
the production Of naval stores. The
bulk Of these stores is derived from
the forests OF long leaf pine. Hence
the industry Is almost wholly con-
fined to the coast pine belt OF the
southern states. The proportion con-
.tributed by France, Austria and other
countries annually Is very small in
comparison. ,Ss. ,ss
The boxes are cut from eight to
twelve inches from the base Of the
tree. They. are about seven inches
deep and slant from the outside to-
ward the interior at an angle Of about
thirty-fye degrees. In the adult tree
they are fourteen inches in greatest
diameter and four inches In greatest
width and of a capacity Of about three
pints. The cut above the reservoir
forms a cash Of about the same depth
and about seven inches in greatest
height. After the first year the
ground is laid bare around the tree
for a distance of two and half to
three feet, and all ,combustible mater
ial loose on the ground is burned off
in order to protect the tree against
danger from fire. rs.l
rsl 1Chpping" the Trees.
During the first days Of spring the
turpenune starts to flow. The chip
ping" as the work of scarihcation is
called, is then begun, by which the
surface of the tree above the box is
laid bare beyond the youngest layers
of wood to a depth Of about an inch
from the inside of the bar. The re-
moval Of wood-the chipping" or
.'hacking"-is done with a peculiar
tool, known as the "hacker." 1t is a
strong knife with a curved edge fast
ened to the end Of handle bearing
in its lower portion an iron ball OF
from five to six pounds in weight, the
presence of which gives increased
force to- the stroke inflicted on the
tree. AS soon as the scarifed surface
ceases to discharge turpentine freely
fresh missions are made. The ship
ping is repeated every week from
March until October or November, the
period extending generally over
thirty-two weeks, the height Of the
chip being increased from two to two
and a half inches every month.
The rosin which accumulates in the
boxes is dipped into a pail with a
fiat, trowel shaped dipper, and then
transferred to a barrel for transporta-
ton to the still. In the first season
from six to eight clippings are made.
Ten thousand boxes will yield at each
dip forty barrels Of dip or "soft
gum" which is equal to about $40
pounds net weight. The flow is most
coplous during the height Of the sum-
mer (lay to August, diminishing
with the advent Of the cooler season.
and ceasing in october or November.
AS soon as the emulation Of the rosin
is arrested and the flow begins to
harden under the influence Of a low
or temperature it is carefully scraped
from the searified surfaces Of the boxes
with a narrow edged tool attached to a
long wooden handle.
First Seasons Yield.
In the first season the average yield
of dips amounts to about 2SO, and Of
hard gum or .'scrap" approximately
seventy barrels. The first yield Of
six and a half gallons spirits Of tur-
pentine to the barrel Of $50 pounds
gross results in the production, I'M
der distillation, of 2,1OO gallons Of
spirits Of, turpentine and 26O barrels
Of rosin. The clippings Of the first
season are called virgin dip" from
which the highest, quality Of rosin is
obtained, graded in the market as
water white CIV. WJ) and window
glass wv G.). In the second season
five or sixre clippings are made, the
crop. averaging 225 barrels of soft tur7
pentine and 800 barrels Of scrap, max
ing altogether about 1900 gallons Of
spirits Of turpentine.
The rosin, of which about 200 bar
rels are. produced, is Of "a lighter or
deeper amber color, and transparent,
of medium quality, graded as Il. H,"
and &C., In the third and fourth
years the number Of, clippings is re-
duced to three. With the flow over
a more extended surface the turpen-
tine .thickens under a prolonged ex-
posnre to the air and loses some Of
its volatile oil, partly by evaporation
and partly by oxidation. In the third
season the dip amounts to about 12O
gallons and the scrap to about 100
barrels, yielding about flOO gallons
of spirits Of turpentine and 100 barrels
of rosin, Of a more or less dark color.
less transparent, and graded IF. e.
and "D.n In the fourth year three
clippings Of q somewhat smaller guam
tity Of soft t,lrpentine than that OBJ
tanned the season before and 100 bar
rels of scrap are obtained, with q
yield scarcely realizing 900 gallons Of
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