Norwich bulletin., 1916-05-23
THE WAR PRIMER By National Geographic Society

GIudad JuaFeZy the scene Of the recent nomentous meeting between General Obregon, minister of war in the Carranza cabinet, and Major Gen erals Scott and Funston, is the sub- ject of today's war geography bulletin, issued by the National Geographic So- ciety from it's Washington head quar- ters, which says:
 Situated on the right bank of the Rio Grande, directly opposite Fl Paso, Texas, and 1.223 miles north of Mexico City, the very name of the city of Juarez suggests noteworthy events in the history of the Southern republic, and the conferences which have been held there recently by the representa- l tives of the military forces of both the American and Mexican governments add another interesting chapter to the communityS annals.
 For more than 200 years Juarez was known as Fl Paso del Norte (the pass l of the North), and it was not until 1885 | that the city was renamed in honor of one of Mexicos greatest statesmen and patriots, Benito Juarez, who es- | tabliShed his capital here during the troublous times when Napoleon III of France was ahetting the il1-fated Max 1 in1ilian in his effort to found an em-
 pire in the Western hemisphere Juarez, full-blooded Zapotec In- dian born in an obscure village near Oaxaca, succeeded to the presidency l of Mexico when Comonfort, weary of the internal strife, quit the job and went to the United States, leaving af- l fairs in the hands of his chief justice.
 immediately Juarez was irnbroiled in 1 civil war by the assumption of the
 executive office by ZuIoaga It was 1 while trying to displace his rival that | the Indian patriot endeavored to bor-
 row money from the United States
 and, as part of the bargain, he 1 agreed to a treaty the terms of which 1 brought forth a Sfn r1Fy England and France. By this treaty, which was never ratified, the United ] states was to have perpetual and un- restricted passage across both the isthmus of Tehuantepec and the north ern states of Mexico, and the right to employ American troops to enforce these rights as well as to protect
 American citizens against levies and loans.
 A short time later Juarez precipi- lated an international crisis by his decision to suspend for two years the payment of interest on the national debt England, Spain and France sent fleets to Vera Cruz to force payment
 but England and Spain goon withdrew WhlIe FranceS her soldiers once on
 Mexican soil, decided to press her
 claims and gradually Napoleon's
 scheme for a Western empire began
 to assume definite form. His scheme
 eVentuated in the abortive attempt tc
 established Archduke Maxinailian ot
 Austria on the throne of the Monte
 zumaS
 Tt was during the famous defense
 Of the city of Puebla against the in-
 Yad1ng French army that a youna
 Mexican soldier. who was to become
 the most conspicuous figure in the
 modern Mexico, distinguished himsel1
 by his bravery and his exceptions powers of leadership. This young hert
 was Porhr1o Dtaz, now known to fame as the strong man of Mexico It was in the center of the interna. tiona1 bridge which connects Juare.
 and Fl Paso that President Taft an(
 President Diaz { he who had beer 7 Juarez's military right hand), met il , 1910, upon the occasion of the cen a tenary celebration of Mexican inde pendence.
 I ''The traveller who passes throusI
 El Paso on his way to Juarez ma,
 choose any of four times by which t q set his watch-Central, Mountain, Pa 8 cif1c and Mexican. Mountain time i 2 an hour slower than Central, whil Pacific is an hour slower and Mexican
 Is "A minutes faster than Mountain,
 "On account of it's bull-fights an
 cock-hghts, Juarez has long been . city of feast-day pilgrimage for Amer s leans In search of a new sensation n Ine Spaniards, who became addicte ] to the bull-fight habit in the 10th cen , tury, during the occupation of tn !. 1berian peninsula by the Moors, in
 troduced this sport into Mexico short . ly after their overthrow of the Aztec. O The fights in Juarez are not so ela : borately staged as those in Mexic If City, for native bulls are used cne ,e tomarily. and these have not the fe 4 rocity of the animals imported by tn
 capital from Andalusia, at cost, ire
 quently, of $1,200 (Mexican) each. e On important bul1-hght days th "a population of IIlarez ions flee 1fR 0f = mark, while there is a. relative tem : poraFy decrease in the size of th !. fifth city in Texas-FA Paso, Whic had only 736 people in 1880 but whic -e had grown to more than S9 GOO