davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1916-08-13
4 SMALL ICELESS REFRIGERATOR.

mended, because she has been un-
usually helpful in her cooperative
work with the department She has
become so deeply interested in the
work that she is taking a correspond
ence course in home economies in
order to be of more help to her women
and to keep in advance of their work.
"One main idea which we impress
upon the women is thoroughness. No
standard lower than perfection Is set
before them, and all must work upon
one object at one time. and learn its
use thoroughly before another is COM
menced. For instance, when making
a fireless cooker is the lesson, every de-
tail in it's construction must be cor
rect, and when the utensil is complete
its use is carefully taught
*
We do not ask for members We
make a public demonstration of the
labor-saving devices and their uses.
and by the time we have shown the
construction of the fireless cooker and
it's work and the method of operation
of the iceless refrigerator the women
beg to become members and learn all
we have to teach.
Il recall one day last year when We
had gone into a remote neighborhood
to demonstrate the departments home
extension work to women who knew
nothing of club work. There was no
enthusiasm whatever, and no one in
vited US to go to a hall or other suit
able building. So we set up our eX-
hibit in a convenient yard. The women
came from curiosity, but before we
Evening star., 1916-08-13
cHARIo
Growing Tobacco Rich i'm Nicotine.


work carried on for generations is that
the ordinary commercial American to-
bacco contains on an average only ,
per cent Of nicotine. There is an Italian
tobacco. called the "Rustica strain :"
which has nicotine content of about
10 per cent. A tobacco expert. com
menting on the experiments now under
way in Pennsylvania. said: "Will Lam
caster county soil produce "A CONNER
clal nicotine tobacco2 This is the ques-
tion that IL uppermost in the minds
or the experimenters. Experiments in
growing a leaf that is as nearly free
from nicotine as possible have been
conducted for several years in Ian
caster county and now efforts are
beng made to produce a leaf that has
large percentage OF nicotine to the
pound. The success Of the experiment
seems to be in sight. and If the antici-
pations are realized Lancaster county
farmers will profit by new industry,
the raising of a drug producing leaf"
The present experiments are being
conducted close to the town of Ephrata.
under the Joint direction and super
vision of the Department Of Aericul-
ture and of the Pennsylvania State Col
lege. the men having immediate charge
of this curious work being DIR. w. w
Garner of the Department of Agricul-
ture and Otto Olsen of the Pennsyl-
Vania State College. DIR. Garner has
said that there are few drugs scarcer
for proper and legitimate use than nj
cotlne. ana the prevailing price of 50
"A pound is so high that we must look
for other means to secure it.
That Is the reason says DIR. Garner.
why We are testing out the strain of
Italian tobacco. In the ordinary strain
OF tobacco. the nicotine content is 3 per
cent. while in the Rustica strain the
yield will he as high as 10 per cent.
We are getting now by-product from
the stems and waste of ordinary to-
barp0 in % n htIt q
inconsiderable from the commercial
standpoint II the Rustica strain turns
out according to it's promise, the nico-
tine problem will be finally settled.
Figuring up yield of 1.200 pounds OF
tobacco to the acre. which would give
a nicotine content of 10 per cent, 12o
pounds of the drug at s. per pound
would yield the grower 5000 per acre.
which would be handsome profit"
Nicotine is ~an alkaloid found in to-
Evening star., 1916-08-13
HOW THE BRITISH SAILOR
OBTAINED his UE11F ORMl

fighting sailors in a woman's habit?
That surely would be absurd" she ven-
tured.
ing to buy the entire costume. skirt.
blouse and V piece. if the duchess would
sell She wouldn't even: noblewomen
do not as rule sell their clothes to
kings. But she appreciated the com
pIiment to the full and at once returned
to her home to change her costume,
sending the garments that had won the
monarch's approval posthaste to the
king.
The tailors hastened to make up the
simple garments and sailor was sent
for to try them on. He rebelled. natu-
rally, and it was necessary to convey
the mariner to the palace IN closed
carriage. hidden by curtains from the
vulgar gaze, the tailor with his shears
and needles accompanying But the
entire court was convulsed with laugh
ter at the sight of hulking, Drawny
hairy. red-faced sailor garbed IN now
ing skirt. The king was equal to the
emergency, however.
"Cut the skirt up the front and back
in the middle" he ordered. and make
the seams on the inner side OF the legs
Only few minutes were required to
carry out the royal order. and when the
work was completed the first really
truly British man-o'-wars man stood
forth in all the glory of the first really
truly uniform.
The success of the new clothing was
immediate and complete. The loose
trousers, broad at the bottoms of the
legs. were appreciated by the sailors, as
they could be rolled well up over the
knees when salt spray was flying or
when the decks were being holystoned
and scrubbed In subtle compliment.
too to the originator of the uniform the
b1ouse-coat. to this day. is called
"frock." But this was only the original
blue suit, with none Of the trimmings
the present-day sailor wears.
Evening star., 1916-08-13

est meal might be prepared without the
aid of a heavy armfui OF wood and the
enervating task of standing over hot
stove in summer time. Now the best
small oil heater has been introduced for
the preliminary heating of the food be-
fore its completion by Few hours re-
pose in fireless cooker.
So successful has been this introduc-
ton that 21S1 effective fireless cook
ers were constructed by the women
themselves at their club meetings under
the direction of the departments Held
agent A simple homemade fly trap
suggested by the department attracted
the attention of the women, and they
have made nearly 1000 destroyers of
this insidiously working little house
pest. which has for centuries been one
of the banes of summer life in the more
remote rural communities.
A simple device of wood and cloth
makes jelly straining an easy and
sure operation. A strictly utilitarian
article with a grandiose title is a scrub
bling chariot, while a dustless mop
saves time and strength. and folding
ironing board, which is suspended from
the wall, is always conveniently at
hand when wanted and out OF the way
when not in use.
A shower bath which may be con-
structed at home for less than SO cents
has brought GOODNESS and comfort to
many bathless households. and quite
frequently leads up to the installation
of the ten-dollar home manufactured
waterworks recommended by the De-
partment of Agriculture.
One step in progress leads to another.
and the home extension club women
have advanced steadily through the
strictly utilitarian to the beautiful
combined with the useful; and the de-
partment. appreciating the use OF
beauty, encourages the venture. 1t
was, therefore. ready with simple
homemade design. when the country
clubwoman followed her city sisters
desire for possession of one of the
charming wheel trays. the fashion of
which came from England with the
Importation of the function of after
noon tea.
one of the most active field agents in
the PRONUNCIATION of the ideas of the
Department of Agriculture and in the
making of labor-saving devices nota-
bly, the iceless refrigerator. is Miss
Rhea c. Scott. whose territory is in
Virginia. At the request Of the de-
partment, Miss Scott has compiled a
book which embodies the concrete re-
suits of years government club work
in homemade labor Saving devices for
Evening star., 1916-08-13

bacco with small quantities Of similar
drugs that are called nicotimine. nico-
teine and nicotelline. Nicotine is a
colorless oil. and is nearly without odor
when pure. 1t is very poisonous.
Touched by the tongue. 1t has a very
sharp and burning taste.
Nicotine takes its name from the bo-
tanicaI name of the tobacco plant.
which Is Nicotiana.. and the plant was
given that name from the fact that
Jean Nicot. who was born in 1880 and
died in 1900 became acquainted with
the plant while he was French ambas-
sador to Portugal, and on his return to
France introduced the plant, or the
habit of using it. to the people Of
France. The plant might have been
called after various other Europeans
who had to do with its Introduction
into Europe. but it was not, and the
strange distinction of having the to-
bacco plant named after him fell to
the lot OF Jean Nicot
One account of Nicots connection
with tobacco has it that he did not
introduce the smoking habit into
France. but that while ambassador
from France to the court at Lisbon
he was presented with some of the
seeds of the tobacco plant, which he
introduced into France about 1850
historian of the beginning Of the
tobacco habit in Europe has written
that the smoking practice, on being
introduced into Europe. spread with
great rapidity. The use OF tobacco
was taken up with greater speed than
marked the spread Of the use Of the
potato or maize. Hernandez de To-
ledo is credited with having intro
duced the smoking habit into Spain
and portu1al in 1888 bringing his
The year 1860 saw the habit taking
hold in italy. Sir Francis Drake and
his men carried Indian pipes and to-
bacco to England in 1885 and Sir
Walter Raleigh made pipe-smokin 9
popular at the court of Elizabeth
Then the fashion spread throughout
England. The habit of snuff-taking
followed In the wake of smoking.
Not only the habit of using tobacco,
Evening star., 1916-08-13
The Only One, Almost.

CHARLES E HUGHES, at a Baptist
" supper. once rebuked a backbiter
neatly.
The man had been talking about the
tainted money of this millionaire and that
millionaire. All millionaires, according to
him. were thieves and hypocrites. JUS
tice Hughes nodded. and said. quietly:
That's right. my friend. Sheer at sue
cess. 1t is failures one privilege.''
Evening star., 1916-08-13
mt Is tightening the eHousekeeper's Burden

WHAT Department of Agriculture IS
w Doing to Help the Women of Rural
Communities Valuable Labor Saving
Devices That May Be Made at Home.
Helping the Butter Maker-Homemade
Iceless Refrigerators- Rhea c.. SCOTS
Book on Government Devices.
Evening star., 1916-08-13

but the cultivation of the plant spread
to Europe Soon after the jamestown
colonists entered upon the cultivation
of tobacco the growing Of 1t was be-
gun in a number of the countries Of
Europe. The culture of tobacco was
begun in Holland as early as 1918 and
fields of tobacco soon thereafter ap-
peared in Spain and Italy. The cult
vation of the plant was taken up in
England and ireland. and it is a fact,
though not one that is generally
known, that even today tobacco is
grown in nearly every country of the
world.
1T is grown in England. Ireland.
France, Switzerland. Spain. Italy.
China, Japan, Uruguay, Argentina,
Java, and really throughout the world,
excepting in those cold countries which
lie in the extremes of north and south
latitude.
The claim has been put forth that
the tobacco plant was known to the
ancients of Asia and that the old
Greeks and Romans were acquainted
dry essays that the use of tobacco
was known to the Chinese, the people
of India and to the ancient Egyptians
centuries before the practice among
American Indians was observed by the
sailors of Columbus. This phase of the
tobacco question was treated OF In
bulletin Of the census of 1900. written
by John H. CARRIER, and he said:
THE cultivation and use OF tobacco
are of such antiquity that authentic
history does not record their begin
nings. The claims of certain European
and Asiatic countries to acquaintance
with the plant prior to the discovery
of America by Columbus are not sup
ported by accepted history nor salts
factorily demonstrated by the re-
searches of the antiquarian or the
archeologist. 1t is fairly well settled
that tobacco is indigenous to the west
ern hemisphere and that the aborigines
practiced it's cultivation and use from
the remotest times and spread their
knowledge to the rest of the world"
Evening star., 1916-08-13

the direction of the Department Of
Agriculture
A caller at the Office of home extern
sion work found Miss Scott willing to
talk of her endeavors among the wom-
ans clubs of Virginia and the work
which they have SO far accomplished.
"One of the pleasantest features of
this work is that women of every age
are eligible" faid Miss Scott. I'VE
have members in the clubs who are
brides of twenty, and we have grand
mothers who are seventy five; and into
the lives of some of the older women
1t has brought an interest undreamed
of before, and all in the line of the
days work Then. too. some of the
most valuable suggestions come from
these mature women, who have passed
a lifetime coping with the difficult
problems of the farmers wife, and
while we help them with our scien-
tiically worked out aids, they help us
through the practical experience the
years have brought them
THE work has also had a wholesome
riers, the wealthy woman being just as
anxious to learn what is best for her
home is she who has lived all her
life in the cramping atmosphere of
pinchng poverty The conscientious
housewife of every class wants to i'm
prove her methods of work, and the
whole idea of the department Is to
develop the mental capacity of the
country woman"
Asked about the actual construction
of the devices, Miss Scott brought
forth some photographs which illus
trated the work in which she is en-
gagged for the Department of Agricul-
ture. All were homemade, and the cost
of each has been estimated and is re-
corded in the bulletins which the de-
partment is preparing and sending out
The freless cooker is composed of a
wooden or tin lard pail, which is used
the outside container of the cooker
and is lined with two thicknesses of
paper before packing. Cut newspapers
and excelsior are used insthe packing
between this and the nest, which is a
gallon oyster can. This nest is wrapped
on the outside with asbestos, and a
piece of asbestos is placed under the
bottom to prevent the scorching Of the
packing when the hot soapstones are
used. Any kind of vessel with top
that will fl snugly into the nest is
used, and the cost of this altogether
Evening star., 1916-08-13

6EHE extraction OF nicotine from to-
bacco Is a commercial chemical
q Industry the extent Of which is
not popularly understood Nicotine.
though a violent and a virulent poison.
has. like most other poisons. including
the venom Of the rattfPSrIake; a useful
place in medicine, though. Il course. II
Is introduced into the human system In
minute Quantities. II Is reasonable TO
suppose. however. that constant sIuok-
ers and chewers Of tobacco have habit
uated their systems 10 rather large
quantities Of this poison.
Experiments are being made in the
United States in the cultivation OF a
tobacco having a larger content Of the
poisonous drug nicotine and its related
aIkaloids than is contained in the to-
baccos that are grown for the salts
kind. Up to the time Cf the out
break of the European'war experiments
were being made in France. England,
Germany and Russia with a view to
propagating a tobacco having the Iarg-
est possible content Of nicotine. The
content of nicotine In tobacco is not
constant. some varieties containing z
much more OF II than others. AS a
general thing the growers OF tobacco
for use in the making of cigars, cigar,
cites, plug, fine cut and snuff have
sought to produce tobacco with the
lowest nicotine content. though there
are marked differences in this respect
in the numerous varieties of tobacco
and in the tobacco grown in different
sections of the world and in the diff
. fcrent tobacco sections of the
United States.
Evening star., 1916-08-13

own resources and opportunities. its peo-
pie are taking up new interests with all
the ardor and Vigor of a system which
has lain fallow for time enough to con-
serve its power against the day of need.
So it happens that the women of the
south are taking the lead in cooperating
with the Department of Agriculture in its
home extension work among farm Wom-
en-. The work is developed gradually and
is carried on by clubs which are organ
lied and directed by trained agents of the
department. The experience, SO far. has
been that once properly established upon
correct. well studied scientific basis
the interest and impetus engendered
among the members keep the orsanlZa-
ton going by it's own momentum.
Begun with the industry most IA
miliar to the farm woman. egg and
poultry raising and selling associations
scientific and business bases. These
worked an immediate and large in
crease in financial returns. There
We're 6.1S1 women in fifteen states who
were materially benefited last year by
this one feature of home extension
work.
Buttermaking was next taken up. with
a correspondingly high average in in
creased efficiency in preparing the prod
uct for home consumption and for sale.
with financial increase correspond
ingly improved. Every agriculturist
knows that the highest quality of but
ter. which naturally affects the finan-
cial return. cannot be made under un-
favorable conditions and without
proper equipment.
The field agent of the department was
prepared for this emergency. and i'm
proved churns, butter workers and
molds were shown. AS properly cooled
and kept cool milk is the first requisite
for a maximum of quantity and quail
ity of butter. she was also prepared to
set before the farmers wife remote
from ice and manufactured cooling ap-
paratus home made iceless refrigera-
tor. which she demonstrated would
keep milk products in summer at a
temperature for the proper forming and
rpening of cream to produce high grade
butter.
The result was that last year more than
500 iceless refrigerattors were con-
structed at home. which proved efficient
aids to home comfort, sanitation and
profit. The homemade f1reless cooker
has proved a boon 10 thousands of
women in remote southern districts
who never before knew that the light
Evening star., 1916-08-13

q q EVER. perhaps, was truism bet
IMU ter expressed than in the words.
III Nj Not half the world knows how
" = the other half lives" And it
has never been realized until within the
women and girls who pass their lives
- upon American farms have not all they
2 should have to make conditions livabe
as they might be.
But there has been an awakening upon
, the part of the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture TO this state of af-
fairs: and it is righting it rapidly as
possible. Farm women are now having
their chance to better home conditions.
The department, realizing that any
change must come gradually and natural
ly. began few years ago with the girls
p Of the households. Through the canning
clubs sixty thousand girls in rural COM
= munities have been trained to efficiency
in a line of work which gives them a
means of self-support by teaching them
r. the proper use of the resources at hand.
x
The men who had this work in charge
or quite likely ii may have been their
woman assistants-knew that the women
could best be approached and more last
ing results accomplished through work
with and for their daughters. The out
come has been all that could be desired.
Mothers have taken an active interest in
their daughters progress. often lending
helping hand: and now that the time has
2 come for the women to take hold they
are found to be not only willing but anx-
ious to take up the special work outlined
for them. Thirty thousand women are
now undertaking definite work and i'm
= proving their homes and communities.
The Department of Agriculture in
. augurated and now carries on its work
Tor women through it's division of extern
sion work in home economics. The de-
partment is enthusiastic over the manner
in which the mothers and daughters CO.
operative movement has taken hold upon
the women whom it has reached. and its
benefits are already enriching a large
lection.
Heretofore the south has been back
ward in progressive movements. but with
its recent awakening to the value of its
Evening star., 1916-08-13

ROW many know that the blue
1Tl coat blouse. white trimmed. and
the flowing blue trousers with
their ample breadth of leg, worn by
the sailormen of the British navy
and copied more or less closely in the
apparel of Uncle Sans own tars-was
evolved from the costume of "A noble
woman of the time of King George IL?
And how many know that but for a
chance encounter while riding in Hyde
Park, when the monarch met the
peeress, British memo -warsmen might
today have been garbed in tunics of
scarlet cloth. bedecked with gold lace.
and neither garments of light blue, fit
ted tightly to the legs?
1t was by the merest chance that the
latter uniform. surely a strange choice
of habiliments for seamen. was not
made the official uniform of the British
navy. In the days of the second
George the men who manned Brit
tania's ships wore any kind or cloth
ing that pleased them. There was little
or no attempt at uniformity. But the
king decided upon a change. and had
selected the scarlet, light blue and
gold lace confection. The first SIX nun
dred uniforms had been made, and the
men of one of the kings own ships
were to be "dolled up in the new uni
form. when the king. riding in the
park, met the Duchess of Bedford.
The lady wore a habit that struck the
kings eye 1t consisted of a loose
dark blue coat blouse with white v
shaped piece let in at the neck, and a
flowing skirt of the same material
That was all, but 1t struck the monarch
at once as the simplest and most suit :
able design it would be possible to find
for his sailormen.
King George called the duchess to him
and begged a boon. as they used to say
in those olden days. The lady blushed
deeply.
What. Would your majesty dress
Evening star., 1916-08-13

For example, the collar with it's rows
of white tape is a recent innovation.
and like most naval things it had its
origin in a strictly utiliarian idea. In
the days of Admiral Lord Nelson, and
Evening star., 1916-08-13

Extensive experiments in the United
States are being conducted in Lancas-
ter county. Pa. Much experimental
tion has been carried on in many other
places. as well as in this particular to-
bacco-growing country of Pennsyl-
vania, with the view of producing
tobacco with the least possible content
Of nicotine end the result of-au this
Evening star., 1916-08-13

the use of the housekeeper. This ex
plains in full the construction Of the
articles as made by the women under
the direction of the Depc rtment Of
Agriculture.
Evening star., 1916-08-13

q EVER. perhaps. was truism bet
MI ter expressed than in the words.
Nj Not half the world knows how
" the other half lives And it
Northern light., 1916-11-01
,x-. EDITORIAL. AND COMMENT t>zs %4N
 ~~-Ses>|~
 ELECTION AND CUTY

GL1J &4uN END DU
 Forty tour votes were cast III Unallkleet About three fourths being native votes The results of tie cleo tion are ;Wicke: sham 27,Mc Gam q, Daily $, ,Grigsl Y 52,Wi;>on 37.
 rhe issues as follows: Dry 10, right hour law 57. No political meetings were held prior to election, and the scattered vote for other candidates would indicate that every ore voted asthev chose. Why then did so many vote dry: The Northern Light may have had some influence, ard again the spirit of prohibition being world wide has and does prevail here, but chiefeSt of all the causes for the dry votes were two men who have spent part of the fall i'll the village
 They were not orators. They held:O street meetings but both in early life Gcuuired the habit for st!o, 2 Gli, k. Both slaves to the tyrallt, King Alco- hol, both klew too well of it's suttle power and being MrH k Ii " that their safety lay i'll keeping away from the stuff We heard one say in Sub- stance, the following; Hele you have q village of some 200 with no jail nor sI,oon, had there been a saloon it is likely that both my friend and my self would have been iii jail before this " -"
 Another time we heard this, when I llnded i'll Seattle, and started to tl,e hotel if there had been q saloon