The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-26
CALERO ON MEXICO
A Survey and Protest by Madero's
Minister Of state.

Several resolutions have been intro
duced in both houses of Congress ad-
vocating armed Intervention by the
United States in Mexico. As q Next
can citizen who has had something
to do with the public affairs of his
country, I feel myself entitled to pre-
sent to the American public the
! Mexican point OF view in a question
SO deeply affecting the dignity and
sovereignty Of my country.
When the United States became an
independent nation they were inhab-
tied by a free. s~elf-governing people.
They had not to create public liber-
ties by a fat OF their legislators.
Americans simply developed in a
most favorable medium what their
ancestors had obtained with their eff
forts and blood.
We Mexicans are in a different con-
dition. Our numerous Indian popula-
ton passed from the despotism OF its
ancient kings to the despotism Of the
Spaniards. The latter. though a
courageous and noble race, were as un-
accustomed to political liberty as the
Indians themselves. They had been
bred under the mast harsh and IA
natical despotism. but they were
strong and dominant, and the methods
OF submission prevailing in their W.
country were s~harpened and perfected
by them in their handling Of the In
dian population. The latter. suhmis-
sive by temperament, though enor-
mously superior in number to their
c%onouerors. became practically en-
shaved.
From the amalgamation OF these
two ethnic elements a new race
sprang. but the amalgamation was
not complete. still so or 50 per cent.
of the population Is Indian, iiiiterate
Indians. two millions OF them unable
10 SPEAK tHe Eastman IdHN'h1N' Wv
rest being mixed population or OF
pure Spanish ancestry.
When independence was accom-
plished n~inety-four years axe the
Mexican people found themselves con-
fronted with the problem Of scif--"y-
eminent. BY that time the United
States were already a prosperous and
successful democracy. We M~eNictns
had nothing in our past that prepared
us for political liberty; We had IL de-
wise our " methods. or to initiate
those methods that had been adopted
by other peoples. We took American
institutions as a model and repro
| dlced IN our Constitution ~ 1924 tho
Fundamental principles Of the Ameri-
can Constitution. We could not. how
ever. reproduce what was in the Ameri-
, can people the result of a secular
historical evolution, that is To- say. the
habit Il self-covernment, nor the self
restraint ana Otn"r Cldrdt'ti1~'.tS ~
Anglo-SaXon temperament.
So we started and We failed. We
have been failing all the time, hut
every effort made has loft a deep I'M
preston in the soul Of the people and
has been a step forward, even when
external appearances may lead To- q
contrary belief. We finally succeeded
aspects excellent Constitution and a
set Of laNs that secured tho supremacy
! Of the state over the political dominion
of the church. We did not reach tie
goal. political liberty. because this
is a fact. mo- a .aW byt We wcr" In
! It's path The Madoro regime was THO
mos, genuine effort in TINS direction.
Tho cruel and shameful Dictatorship
Of Huer,a was a temporary relapse, \
mere incident similar to others which
We had seen solved by the free ac-
ton OF national forces that in tho
past had not been Handicapped by
the operation OF outside Interference
Huerta would have been overthrown
much quicker had not President Wi
son made him the champion Of Men
ico'S sovereignty.
1t is a wei, known fact that tho
Government of the United states has
been meddling to an incredible extent
in the Mexican imhroGlio. As i's IN
reference cannot have the relative
excuse of being aimed at the prntec-
ton Of American interests, i has 20 be
attributed TO President Wilson's pas
sion for the submerged 81 per cent
who are struggling toward liberty,
The President went to Vera cruz e
carry on "a var of service to uSc
his own words. AS he felt adherence
| for the order 81 things that had pre-.
viously existed IN MEXICO. he pro.
nounced the old order dead nm,
Immediately added: 1T is my part, a.
gee II. to aid in composing those
differences, differences between NoNi,
cans, so far rs | may be- able
that the new order. which viii have
its foundation on human liberty and
human rights, shall prevail" lie sait