davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1916-09-12
BIG 5O-PAGE BOOK FREE!

Mafle,l in Plain Sealed Wrapper FREE to
Al who write for a e0py. This new, instrue-
tive and interesting hOok gives yOu my proven
tiaeary as 70 what Gauss Pellagra AMI now IL
ruav Be- cured right In your own home under
a xuarantee OF absolute satisfaction or No
charxe for treatment II alSc contains many
photoxraQhs and letters from State and County
off5ciaIs Bankers. Minister'S Doctors. Law
Ners aud Others who tell wonderful stories OF
fb@Ir cxr--ience with this successful pellagra
Treatment
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-27
SOMETHING ABOUT DALLAS
By G. T. GEOFFRY

If you want dahlia roots for next
year, plant them in small pots and let
them remain all summer Keep them
over winter like old roots and start
them again in the spring. | do not say
this is absolute, but it is one of the
best ways | know to raise dahlias sue
cessfully.
1t is the claim of dahlia growers
that in dividing the roots almost all
the varieties will degenerate. This Isl
the reason we have so few good flows
ers.
A good dahlia should bloom from
July until frost; and If it does not it
is not worth keeping There are
dahlias that will.
Dahlias can be grown from seeds.
They grow stronger than from cut
tings and roots, but it is difficult to
find good seeds.
Many believe that cutting will not
flower and make roots and keep over
winter, but that is not true. That is
the way they are raised all over the
continent.
The mode of planting has much to
do with the final results of the beauty
Of dahliaS.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-27
SOME GARDEN HINTS

Has your greenhouse been repaired
and cleaned?
Sow seeds for basket plants and win
dow garden now.
If it has not there isn't much time
left for attending to this very essen
tial task. Look over the heater and
see that any bars which were burned
out have been replaced. Watch the
pipe connections carefully.
The use of electric lights will hasten
the blooming of plants, but 1t is a cost
ly scheme that does not promise any
commercial profit.
Madison, n. j., florists use five 49,
volt NAL lamps strung on a board, II
inches apart. Suspended directly over
the chrysanthemums for flower ex,
hibit, the lights were kept going a
week The plants finished week
ahead of their neighbors and took a
prize at the show.
Leave as many native trees and as
much shrubbery as possible standing
The best gardener cannot improve on
the work of the Master Gardener
Grape protecting bags, made to
clasp about the fruit, are being offered
by dealers. They protect from in
SectS.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-27
BEST BLACKBERRIES
GROWN In DELAWARE
Reason Is Because Farmers
There Have Spent Entire Lives
in Culture of Fruit.

Some of the best blackberries in the
world are grown in the extreme south
ern part of Delaware. 1t may be
asked: "Why do they rank among
the best in the world?" 1t is because
some farmers there have spent their
entire lives, and practically all their
farms in the culture of blackberries.
The following are the methods en-
ployed by one of the most prosperous
blackberry growers in Delaware: He
always selects sandy loan soil, shell
tered from winds. 1t is essential that
this land be well drained.
In the spring as soon as the land
can be worked, he set out plants about
y to IA inches high. His favorite va
riety is the Lucritia He makes the
rows about 6 or feet apart. He
leaves about feet between plants
in the row. The plants are set in
shallow holes, the planter packing the
dirt firmly around the roots. In do
ing so he sees that the roots are moist.
He claims the advantage in the roots
being wet is that the soil is made to
hold frmer, thus enabling the roots to
take hold in the ground sooner than
otherwise.
The first year he plants peas be-
tween rows so as to allow no waste
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-27

Easpberries are harvested in two
ways. For consumption as fresh fruit
they are always hand picked. In fact,
many Of the commercial growers of
raspberries which are intended for
evaporation or drying prefer to hand
pick rather than to "bat" the fruit.
There are perhaps about as many adj
vocates of hand picking as of ''bat-
ting" and grower must decide for
himself which, under his circum-
stances, is most economical.
Hand picking does not require any
description, but there are a great many
people who do not know what "bat-
ting" means.
In this method of picking the ber-
ries the bushes are bent over a device
covered with muslin and the fruit is
beaten into these traylike receptacles
by the use Of very light paddle. The
bushes are drawn over by a short wire
hook, and with a light, somewhat
curved bat, the well-ripened fruits are
Knocked from the plants up against
the muslin and roll gently to the lower
end of the tray, where the wider por-
tons Of the frame form a receptacle.
With a device of this kind one man
Is capable of picking from five to eight
bushels Of fruit daily, while the most
expert pickers can pick only about
100 quarts, or three bushels. 1t will
thus be seen that this devise is of con-
siderable advantage in that it shortens
the period of harvest The drawback
is that a small percentage Of the ber-
ries is lost by bouncing out of the
tray as they are forced against the
muslin by the stroke of the paddle.
This loss, however, is not very great,
amounting, perhaps to not more than
one-half Of one per cent in extreme
cases.
The batting of raspberries is never
practiced except upon fruits which are
co be evaporated. After being dried,
they must be looked over carefully by
hand, as are beans, so as to remove
any small leaves which have been bat
ted into the trays with the fruit
The use of heat, either from the sun
or from some artificial source, for the
purpose of drying the fruits has made
the raspberry an important CONNER
cial product in certain sections of the
United States. Regions which could
not protitably engage in the growing
Of this fruit were it's sole use to be
found as fresh fruit upon the mar
ket can now safely undertake it's cul-
tiyatiOn. While the sun drying of
raspberries has been practiced as long
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-27

as the raspberry has been used for
| culinary purposes, the art of drying it
with artificial heat is a comparatively
recent commercial development.
The artificial process of drying I'M
der high heat has an advantage over
sun drying in that the product can be
obtained much sooner and is of more
desirable quality. Evaporated fruit of
| the highest quality loses only a small
percentage of it's juices. The heat is
sufficient to scar the outside of the
fruit by breaking down its cellular
structure and giving it a dry, some
what resistant surface, which has a
tendency to keep the interior portion
much more moist and palatable than
is possible under the slow process Of
sun drying.
With partially ripened fruits such
as peaches, apricots, prunes, apples,
etc., which are dried under high heats,
the process becomes one of transform
ing the starches into sugar, or, in other
| words, quickening of the ripening
process. This to certain extent is
| accomplished with the raspberry, but
as its fruits are usually thoroughly
matured when they go to the evapora-
tor, it is likely that there is much
less chemical change in the raspberry
than in the case of the apple. The
improved quality of the product from
the evaporation not only adds to it's
commercial value, but increases the
income of the producer, because there
! IS less loss in weight in evapOrated
than in sun-dried fruit. In other
words, the yield from given area in
| evaporated fruit is somewhat greater
! than the yield from the same area in
sun-dried fruit. These features, to-
gether with the rapidity with which
the operation can be carried on, are
considered of sufficient advantage to
warrant growers of raSpberrieS in
able cost.
The drying of berries on racks eX-
posed to the sun is a practice largely
in vogue in many of the raspberry
growing regions, ana was, up TO COM
paratively recent times, the only
method Of curing and caring for the
fruits Of the raspberry. The method
of sun curing is more or less incOn-
venient in that it requires a great deal
| of attention and provision for shelter
| ing the fruit in case of showers, as
wall as covering for the racks at
night to protect them from rain or
dew.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-27
LIVE STOCK AND LEGUMES

A ton of average Iowa or Illinois soil
contains but few pounds Of actual
fertility; that is plant food material
which is available or ever can become
available for the use Of crops. The
remainder is simply waste material
and cannot be used by plants as food.
When this fertility has once been ex-
hausted, remember that it is gone for
ever and will not return except as it
Is purchased.
The actual value Of soil is shown by
It's power to produce crops. This pro-
1uctiveness depends not only on the
kind Of soil, but upon the condition
Of it. The soil must be well drained,
contain a sufficient amount of yegeta-
bic matter or humus and be well
worked, In order to be in proper physi-
cal condition to produce crops. These
conditions are brought about principal
W by tillage and crop rotation.
If 1t is possible then for the farmer
TO control the air circulation in the
soil, its water-holding capacity, the
bacterial content, and its available
plant food by proper soil tillage, it
is surely profitable for every farmer
TO give his land careful personal
study so that the conditions in it are
the best for the production of the
largest crops of the best quality.
Productive Land.
On farms where live stock is kept,
the land is much more productive
than on farms where exclusive grain
farming is followed. Where the crop
is sold on the market all of the plant
food contained in the crop removed,
Is lost to the soil Where all crops
are sold, practice Familiarity known
as mining the SOIL" the result is,
without fail, the impOverishment of
the soil. This practice will result in
q deficiency in organic matter. which
Is one of the most valued properties
In farm manure, and can be most eco
nomicaliy supplied by it's use.
No man should expect to make a
profit from farming by growing one
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-27
FEED WHAT YOU RAISE

as his own vegetables. Also his own
protein feed for his stock. and ex-
pend as little money as possible for
bran, cottonseed meal, and other high.
priced protein feeds.
Dairy Essentials.
The dairy business, too, calls for in
tellectual activity. Such exercise is
good for the boys and girls. The dairy
business evens up things on the farm.
1t gives steady employment. 1t is a
cash business. A man feels independ-
ent when he knows that his income
is steady. Dairying builds up the
farm. 1t requires fewer acres and
consequently leads to more neighbors.
There is always an air of prosperity
about well handled dairy farm. The
dairy business adds permanency to
the community. The success of the
man engaged in it depends upon keep
ing milk records. 1t costs but little
and returns hundredfold. There are
good cows and poor COWS. A farmer
should find out which are the poor
COWS and which are the good ones.
This can be done by marking down
what they produce each. day, and US
ing the Babcock test Milk the good
for beef.
Seed what you raise, and raise
what you feed" has been the watch
word of the best farmers IN America
for many years. It is the only safe
system.
Living on the farm means more
than most Of us realize. Not just to
live there, but to make it q home.
Not just to grow corn, wheat and al
falfa, but for the benefits that may
come to our homes and to our chill
dren through the things that we pro
duce.
1t does not make much difference
how much wheat we raise or how
much corn we grow. but it does make
q tremendous difference what we do
| with the profit that we get from the
| corn and the other things that are
/ produced from the soil.
Farmer Was Power.
| The pioneer American farmer OF
| the nineteenth century was a power
In his day. He did well his work OF
clearing away the forests, establish
ing homes, building roads and settling
the Wilderness And if he did not
cultivate and care for the soil as he
should have done, we cannot blame
| hi no
ing that day 1t was not his problem
The care of the soil is the problem
Of the farmer of today. He is being
| called upon for many things that are
real necessities. He must improve hi:
soil. He must not forget that Live
Permanent Agriculture.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-27

supply, and therefore the supply Of
nearly maintained in the rotation of
the MANFRED plots. A great differ
ence in the color of the soil OF the
two plots at the Missouri station
where corn had been grown continu-
ouSly both with and without manure
was noticeable. The unmanured plot
was much lighter in color and of
much poorer texture, thus showing
very clearly its lack of humus as COM
pared with the one beside it. 1t must
rotation alone will maintain fertility,
but it is the first essential, and the
rotation must include legume crops.
Legumes are humus-building crops,
because in order to put humus in the
soil, nitrogen is necessary, and these
experiment shows clearly the adj
vantages of live stock farming in
maintaining soil fertility.
Upon the plot where farm manure
~ras applied with a rotation of corn,
wheat and clover, there was a margin
of 53 bushels of corn per acre above
the cost of growing. Estimating that
it will cost % bushels or about so
per acre to grow the corn, there is a
cash profit of 80 cents per bushel, of
S26.50 per acre.
In the second plot, where no ma
nure was applied, with rotation O..
corn, wheat and clover, there was a
margin of % bushels above the cost
Of growing or q cash profit of $13.
On the plot where corn was grown
continuously for II years, without ro-
tation, there was q loss of $3.50 per
acre, or 13 bushels below the cost of
producing an acre of corn.
Feed What You Raise and Raise
What You Feed.
Some Of the crops will be marketed,
but in the end you will find that hog
skins and steer hides are the best
grain sacks that you can have on the
farm. Convert your grain and hay
crops into beef and pork and drive
it to market on the hoof. Alfalfa,
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-27
FALL WORK INTERESTING
BY ELIZABETH VAN BENTHUYSEN

K
| In the CHEEKY October days-the
days of brown ale and invigorating at
mOSphere-the garden comes fully
into its own. There is not only the
| fascination of working among the
plants and flowers, but there is pre-
! paratiOn for the spring. If the au-
| tumn is neglected there will be no re-
alization of any spring hopes.
| Planning and foresight are essential to
garden success, and the man who had
the most pleasure in his October work
will reap the greatest reward when
the springtime comes. Perennials
must be tranSpanted. Good, safe
places are to be found for them, with
a good covering Of leaves to keep away
the chill of cold days.
TRANSFORMING is real work. A rainy
day helps tighten the task because
| there is no need for watering or shad-
ing the plants. A trOWelful of manure
under each plant will lead the neigh
bOrS next spring to wonder why your
foXglOves send up spires five feet high
instead of mere three feet that less
carefully handled plants attain.
Don't let the perennials crowd each
other. Where the clumpS have grown
so closely as to crowd cut them in di-
visions with a sharp spade and reset
them in good rich soil.
In October the perennials will be
ripening their seed, which process they
begin in September. The seed can be
saved in separate colors if the flower
stalks were marked while they were
in bloom. 1t is worth the while to
save the seed, even though it has to
be mixed. The mixed seed can be
sown in Out-of-th e-way places. Holly
hooks, foXglOves, poppies, Canterbury
Bells, Sweet William and Coreopsis
will produce large envelopes of seed.
1t must not be forgotten that a sup
ply of dead leaves has to be laid in
when leaves begin to fall. They are
the natural blankets that are prOvid-
ed for the tucking away of the chill
dren Of the garden in the winter beds.
A little addition to the leaf supply,
carefully packed away each day in
sacks or barrels instead of wastefully
burning them will save many flow
ers and pay a dividend in pleasure and
profit.
Among the wealthy folk of the East
the fall is being used for general gar
den work Vincent Aston is having
remarkable lot of work done at his
country place, Rhinecliffe, on the Hud-
and walks were in many cases badly
laid out. They were crooked and
lacked symmetry in keeping with the
estate. So he las had his roads
Strengthened and put in order
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-27

little gnomes of trees, made to dwell
all their lives in the prison of bowl,
where water is placed to give tiny
landscape effect and miniature houses
are built under the shade of the
stunted, miserable little semblance Of
a forest giant.
In the picture one sees how the Jap
anese use the dwarfed trees for home
decorative effect. AS all things are
really relative, the tree preserves it's
dignity by being as much larger than
the miniature house than a real tree
would loom above a sure-enough DWELL
ing.
But it is a dwarf, nevertheless. and
the idea can be used for home or gar
den decoration when one finds
stunted tree that, like Peter Pan.
never will grow up.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-27

Of ground. He keeps weeds down from
around the blackberry bushes and the
ground soft, being careful not to in
jure the new shoots. The follOwin g
years with the coming of warm,
Springlike weather, he cultivates the
patch, and continues to do so until the
berries ripen.
When the berries have gone he ap-
plies manure to the soil, spreading a
good-siZed fOrkful over each hill. Once
each year for about seven years he
repeats this method Of manuring. The
second year the bushes make a large
growth. When they attain a height
of 21a feet or 3 feet, he breaks the
tip ends off, which causes the bushes
to be stocky.
In autumn he bends the ends of
the topmost canes down so as to touch
the ground, covering them with enough
dirt to hold them in this position. The
effect of this is twofold, prevention OF
winterkiliing and creation Of new
plants.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-27

The Iowa Beef Producers assocfa-
t1on carried on an Investigation III
Iowa covering 4 period of FIVE years.
Data was gathered from 20 Iowa
farms in nine different counties
throughout the state. (See chart)
On ten average livestock farms 5"
bushels of corn per acre were pro
duced as against SO bushels per acre
produced on ten average grain farms
On ten average stock farms 80 bush
els of oats per acre We're produced,
as against - bushels per acre on ten
average grain farms.
Ten average stock farms produced
% tons OF clover per acre as against
Ii tons per acre on ten average grain
farms. These comparisons speak for
themselves.
One-crop System.
4 one-crOp system will impoverish
any country, and in turn it will i'm
poverish the people that are on its
farms. 1t is only through diversified
ton of crops and the using of our en-
ergies every day of the year, that We
can maze a rich country.
Livestock farming is diversified
farming and calls for a system OF crop
rotation with legumeS. 1t returns fer
tility to tne soil 1t adds interest to
the work of the young people ana
finally it is best Insurance of an in
caSne. The kind Of live stock depends
upon local conditions. First, the pref
erence of the farmer, second, the en-
virOnment. Cows, hogs, horses, mules.
beef cattle and sheep, offer a large
range of choice and fit into many con-
ditiOnS. Horses and hogs are found
on every farm and they become very
profitable to the man who under
stands them. Sheep raising and dairy
ing may be combined as one herd or
handled separately.
In either case they will be found
profitable. Varying combinations Of
live stock may be found profitable.
Livestock farming requires d de-
pendable feed supply. Silage and al
falfa are an excellent basis. Corn,
kafir, and other similar crops furnish
silage.
Each farmer should make a bust
ness of growing his own beef as wei!
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-27

crop and devoting two-thirds of his
time to doing it. Farming is bust
ness and requires all of our energies
intelligently directed.
Interesting Experiments.
Among hundreds of experiments
conducted in the past % years with
different cropping systems one Of
them carried on for a period of II
years by the Missouri agricultural col
lege stands out as a striking eX-
ample of the influence we have upon
the soil, to improve 1t, or exhaust it
as we choose.
Live Stock and Leaumes.
For II years three systems of farm
ing were practiced on three plots Of
ground.
On plot one a system of livestock
farming was practiced; that is corn,
wheat and clover were grown in rota-
ton with grain crops, the crops fed
to live stock and the manure returned
to the land.
On plot two simple rotation of
corn, wheat and clover was followed
and the crops harvested and sold off
the farm.
On plot three corn was grown ev-
cry year for IL years, and every crop
harvested and removed from the land.
On this plot the yield was reduced in
the last year of the experiment to lis
bushels per acre.
Where the land had simply been ro-
tated TO corn, wheat, and clover, the
yield was 50.7 bushels per acre, and
where manure was added in a corn.
wheat and clover rotation, the yield
was T7.6 bushels per acre.
No more striking results of the eff
feet of crop rotation could be found
and there is little doubt that the most
important cause of this increased
yield is in the fact that the humus
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-27
JAPANESE TABLE TREE

There are some curious old trees in
Japan that have just the opposite
qualities to those which are found in
the United States. Out in our great
forest country, when q tree has
reached the dignity Of 100 years of IN
disputed residence in any one com
munity, it rears it's proud old head
and stands as q landmark and lead
ing citizen of the forest.
Japan supplies some very strange
specimens that live to be 100 years Of
age without ever getting off an ordi-
nary table. They are stunted, gnarled
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-27
SUCCESS WITH DAIRY COWS
Only Those That More Than Pay
Their Own Way.

Don't be satisfied if the average
milk yield from your herd is fairly
good. Many cows board at the eX-
pense of the high-producing members
of the herd.
Success on the dairy farm depends
on W ding out all these star board
ers and keeping only the cows that
more than pay their way.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-27

clover, corn, oats and other crops
when sold on the market take away
fertility which will never return is
your soil.
The accompanying chart shows the
fertility contained in alfalfa, clover,
corn and oats in comparison witt,
milk, beef, pork and butter.
When you grow three tons of al
falfa, about the average acre yield,
and sell it, you rob your soil to the
amount of about $2S. When you mar
vet so bushels of corn you lose about
S15 in fertility-value but if you feed
the corn and alfalfa to a steer or a
hog or dairy cow, 20 to so per cent
of the fertility will be returned to
you in manure and go back to the
land if you save the manure. For
every 400 pounds of beef shipped
away the loss will be about $1.90
500 pounds of pork about S1.S7; 100