davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-02-23

lieves that ventilation has been over
emphasized and that in reality the pur-
pose is to air the eggs. However, he
thinks that it is very necessary for the
eggs to be turned twice a day. The
more often they are turned the better
the hatch. Beginning then after two
days, he turns the eggs twice each day.
Among the other points to which he
calls attention are the following: If the
thermometer is below the level of the
top Of the eggs in the machine it will
run about half degree cooler than If
hung above. The second week the
eggs are run at an even temperature Of
1O3 degrees. This is raised in the third
week to 1O4 degrees. He believes it
good deal worse to have the tempera-
ture fall below 1O2 degrees than to
have it rise to 1O5 degrees.
After the eggs begin to pip" on the
eighteenth day or so the machine is
closed and the eggs are only viewed
from the outside. The machine IS not
even opened to make a closer examina-
ton Of the thermometer. After the
hatch begins to come off a curtain is
dropped in front Of the glass, and the
hatch is not observed at ALL When
the hatch is complete the chicks are
dried off in the incubator at about 1O3
or 104 degrees. If the trays are too
crowded the stronger chicks are put
down below.
The lamps are filed and trimmed
every day. From experience it has
been found that the lamps will burn
more evenly when filed only two
thirds full of oil each morning after
turning the eggs. The wick is trimmed
with an old toothbrush. This has been
found to be more satisfactory method
than trimming with a knife or scissors.
The charred part is scraped off lightly
with match stick. If the cellar in
which the incubators are run is espe-
cially dry wet trays of sand are placed
under the machine. If the conditions
are very dry the eggs may be sprin-
killed.. although Mr.. Cubberly does not
deem it advisable to have the eggs too
wet.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-02-23
Scientific
Farming
ERADICATING QUACK GRASS.

Methods Are Based on knowledge Of
Its Habits and Growth.
The experiment station of the Uni
versity of Minnesota has conducted q
series of experiments for the eradica-
ton Of quack grass, which is a serious
pest throughout the northwest. In
some instances farms have had to be
abandoned to it. Following is a sum-
mary of the results of the expert
ments:
Methods for successfully prevent
ing the spread of quack grass and
for Graduating it are based on knowl-
edge of it's habits of growth.
Quack grass seed will grow even If
the plant is cut before the seed is
mature. In order to prevent Quack
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-02-23

easy curve. Sharp turns must be
avoided. Where a lateral joins main
or submain it should be at a small
angle, so that when the tiles are laid
the velocity of water flowing from one
into the other will be but little
checked.
Digging to the grade and making the
bottom are the crucial operations in
excavating for drain. Where there
is plenty of fall, grade is often made
in wet seasons or on wet lands by
using the water for level If the
water runs from the ditcher as the
bottom is made it indicates that there
is sufficient fall. Where there is no
water or where the fall is slight q
ditcher's level or a straightedge and
carpenters level should be used. If the
fall is less than four inches to 100 feet
or if it is necessary to go through a
rise, in the ground to get a low place
beyond, the best work requires an
engineer to run the levels and set
stakes fifty feet apart to indicate the
grade.
Laying the tile, like digging the
ditch. should begin at the outlet. I'm
der ordinary conditions tile should be
laid and blinded. or primed, every day
as far as the ditch is made ANY delay
in laying may cause injury to the ditch
by rain or by particles falling into it.
If the banks are likely to cave the tile
should be laid as fast as the ditch is
completed. The smaller sizes are laid
from the bank with a hook. Large
sizes must be laid by hand from the
bottom Of the ditch. All misshaped
and badly cracked tile should be dis
carded. If a tile does not join closely
with the preceding one it should be
turned over until it fits at the top.
Any large cracks are covered with
pieces of tile or with cement. Where
a lateral joins to a main or a SUBJ
main the connection should be made
with Y. Neither a T nor an elbow
is desirable. as either checks the flow
of water.
After the tiles are laid and inspect
ed they are ready for printing or blind
ing. This is done by caving a little
earth from the sides of the ditch and
letting it settle gently alongside and
for few inches over the tile. The
purpose is to hold the tile in posi-
ton and prevent breakage when the
trenches are filed later. In sandy
soils there may be danger of the sand
the tiles and clogging the
drain. This can be prevented by COW
ering the joints with pieces of old
sacks or straw.
After the tiles are primed they may
remain without injury for several days
or until all the bitches are ready for
filling. If the soil is close and it is
desirable to aid the water in reaching
the tile quickly the ditch can be par
TALLY filed with straw or brush or,
better still, with stones and pieces of
brick. Lime is sometimes thrown
upon the excavated material and turn.
ca into the trench with it to make the
soil loosen in texture. Under ordinary
conditions the ditch is most easily ill-
ed with turnplow equipped with an
evener twelve or fourteen feet long.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-02-23

grass from developing seeds to thu
point where they will terminate
crops in which it is growing should
be cut not later than the last week in
June
Young quack grass plants. attack.
ed before they have formed under
ground stems, are as easily killed as
plants Of wheat or other grains OF
the same age.
Manure containing quack grass seed
may be applied on plowed ground be-
fore preparing the soil for a cultivat-
ed crop. The seed will GROW the
same season, and the young plants
will be killed in the preparation OF
the seed bed and the cultivation of
the crop.
Digging by hand and removing from
the field all portions of the plant,
smothering with tar paper and spray
ing with a solution of sodium arse
mite are best for the complete eradi-
cation of quack grass on small spots.
All methods of eradication on large
fields are based on thorough tillage.
The implements found on any well
equipped farm are all that are needed
to eradicate quack grass.
The most effective bare fallOw meth
Oh OF eradication was blowing in July
three or four inches deep, replowing
not later than Aug. Is five or six inches
deep and again in November six or
seven inches deep. The disk was used
us needed between plowings to keep
the quack grass from showing green
above ground. The cost of the addi-
tional labor necessary for complete
eradication under this system was
$500 per acre. No crop was secured
from the land that season.
Complete eradication of quack grass
while following system Of crop rota-
ton was found practical when more
than the ordinary amount of tillage
was given.
Tillage given now and then when
nothing else needs immediate attention
is largely lost effort in the eradication
OF quack grass. To be effective there
must be we'll planned and carefully
carried out campaign with which other
work is not allowed to interfere. Till
age operations should injure the quack
grass as much as possible and should
be repeated often enough to make ef-
fective the work that has preceded.
Eradication Of quack grass on land
that has been plowed each year is more
difficult than on land that has been
undisturbed for number Of years.
In carrying out the different rotations
regular plan of cleanup" to eradi-
cate the quack grass was followed on
each field with uniformly successful
results. The plan was varied on three
Of the fields to secure additional data.
A four year rotation on four fields,
each one in turn having in successive
years grain, hay. corn, and corn. gives
exceptional opportunity for the eradi-
cation of quack grass. This rotation
can be followed to advantage. especial
ly on fields where quack grass is very
vigorous or when weather conditions
make the eradication unusually diff
cult.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-02-23

The Barred Plymouth Rock of to-
day Is a wonderful Improvement
over that of former years, and
great strides have especially been
made during the last ten years.
Size, shape and color have been i'm
proved, and we are able to breed
them true to the standard require
ments to an unusual degree. 1t is
also true that their practical quail
ties have been improved, and in
laying qualities and all other quail
ties they are improved today and
better than ever before in their
history. The bird shown is a Bar
red Plymouth Rock cock.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-02-23
POULTRY
ana EGGS
HINTS ON INCUBATION,

Special Points to Observe In Hancllina
the Matching Machine.
Experienced poulrymen follow the
general standard methods for incubat-
ing eggs, but as they adapt their prac-
tee to the local conditions under which
they work the detail Of their methods
shows more or less individuality, writes
a correspondent of the American Agri-
culturist. For instance, the subject Of
cooling of the eggs has been widely
discussed. Heber M. Cubberly of Un-
ION county, N. j., explains this cooling
idea as largely a misnomer. He be-
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-02-23

Brown Swiss cows are plain and
substantial, rather fleshy, the hind
quarters being full and round.
Whlle IN Switzerland the breed is
considered dual purpose, in America
the Brown Swiss breeders are de-
veloplng their animals strictly as a
dairy breed. The average Brown
SWISS COW can be counted on to
give 5000 pounds of 4 per cent milk.
The COW pictured is a Brown Swiss.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-02-23
Storing Squashes.

Squashes should be stored in a dry
place at temperature of about so de-
grees. Do not lay more than one deep
on Shelves
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-02-23

Sowing Spinach Seed In Winter.
Few people realize that spinach seed
can be planted during the last of Feb
ruary or first part of March. says the
American Agriculturist The ground
should be prepared the fall before by
blowing and narrowing. At the time
mentioned the spinach seed is broad
casted over the ground, using about
twenty pounds Of the thick leaf vari-
ETY. to the acre. If the soil happens to
be workable at that time it may be
lightly narrowed. In any event a light,
even coating Of rotted stable manure
should be spread over the ground to
cover the seed
Planted in this manner the seeds VIII
terminate and grow a little every SUM-
ny day. and by the usual time for plant
Ing the spring spinach these plants
will be we'll started. The crop will be
ready for cutting week or ten davs
earlier than it would be otherwise
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-02-23

the barrel. Another point is that the
cabbage must be carefully trimmed, re-
moving every broken or decaying leaf
and putting in only sound, smooth
heads. If you put in any rubbish you
not only invite decay. you make it
certain.
It Is we'll to put few sticks in the
bottom to leave an air space. And
do not try to see how closely you can
pack them, but rather lay them in
loosely and so place them that there
will be air spaces all through
If you aim to keep the frost out it
will require considera BILE covering, and
if you do that you will be likely to
make your cache too warm and that
will induce rot. The best way is to
plan to keep the cabbage close to the
freezing point and far better have it
frozen than too warm. But If it
freezes it must be kept frozen. for it
will never do to have it freezing and
thawing out half dozen times during
the winter
After the cabbage is in and you have
filed up the top of the barrel with
little clean straw or hay. rounding it
up in the center. then put over a
piece Of oilcloth or heavy canvas. This
is to turn off the water Have it large
enough Sc that all of the dripping will
be outside the barrel Then turn
square box over it and it is done. The
box should be just big enough to hold
the cloth in place.
Barnyard Manure.
Barnyard manure has value on the
farm aside from that as a fertilizer
1t improves the physical conditions of
the soil and makes it easier to handle
Its decay produces heat and its pres
ence aids chemical and bacterial proc
esses. Moreover, it absorbs and holds
q large amount of water and helps to
aerate the soil. The benefits of these
indirect aids to plant growth are in
some cases worth as much as the fer
t1lizing power of the manure.
These are observations made by F.
L. Kennard. agronomist in the north
west experiment station at Crookston.
MIMI, in response to numerous ques-
lions received from farmers
When it is added that barnyard ma
nure is worth perhaps $3.50 ton and
that each farm animal produces from
five to seven tons per 1000 pounds of
live weight each year. it is easy to see
that as a fertilizer the material should
not be wasted
The best practice is to haul the stuff
directly from the barn to the fields. If
this is done there is little loss through
fermentation or teaching
Marketing and Co operation.
1t Is not enough to grow a good crop
Dr. even to grow good crop at low
lost. To make big crop a business
success it must be disposed of as eff
GENTLY as 1t is grown-must be so
graded and packed as to meet market
standards and so marketed as to bring
he farmer the highest current price.
The farmer who is too suspicious to
get together with his neighbors in or
Ter to do comparatively what no one
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-02-23

bushel, or fully twice as much as the
later varieties. The trees are hardy,
and little trouble is experienced from
insects. In the spring there are usual
~ some insect pests, but if once de-
sroyed there is no more trouble for,
the rest OF the season. The plums are
easy to harvest, as the trees are not
very high. The money for this prod
uct of the farm comes when other fruit
crops are beginning to ripen, and on
most farms it is greatly appreciated
Currants and gooseberries, like plums,
give the farmer few days in which to
turn around. The work of picking,
marketing and canning is less urgent
than with Strawberries. In planning a
little farm all these facts must be kept
in mind. Then there are other prod
ucts which seem to harmonic with
fruit growing and help to keep up
cash income without a great deal of
drudgery. Poultry and bees belong in
this category
Honey is an interesting side line to
fruit growing that may be proftably
enlarged upon in many localities with
benefits accruing two ways. The hon.
ey crop itself is often a money crop.
and aside from this bees are about the
best thing going to develop full fruit
Ing and perfect fruit in an orchard
There are many instances where peo-
pie with old orchards uncertain and
unsatisfactory in fruiting have devel-
oped them into fine producers by keep
ing lot Of bees and distributing the
colonies over the orchard so that they
get at the trees in bloom time
1t may be necessary-probably will
to grow other crops to supply the bees.
such as white clover, buckwheat alfal-
ia. and so on. However, the return
from the honey crop will justify all
this. Meantime the bees will get part
of their support from the apple trees
while they are in bloom. and in re-
turn they will improve the quality and
yield Of the apple crop itself enough
to make them a profitable investment.
OF course some people take more x
kindly to or have better success with
bees than others. 1t is a mistake to
VIC O1SLcdllcucu. bees seem 0S-
sential to the welfare of orchards, and
those who have had trouble and be-
come discouraged should persist in eff
forts to keep an apiary. By continued
study and experiments difficulties can
be overcome, and in time the bees can
be made profitable themselves, while
at the same time they contribute ma
terially to the profits Of fruit growing
by the work Of fertilizing the trees
while in bloom
Sowing Spinach Seed In Winter.
Few people realize that spinach seed
,an be planted during the last of Feb
'uary or first part of March. says the
American Agriculturist- The ground
should be prepared the fall before by
blowing and narrowing. At the time
mentioned the spinach seed is broad
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1916-09-14
GUuFoRD-vERNoN TEACHERS
Schools in Those Towns and Halifax
and Marlboro Open Monday.

The schools in Guilford, Vernon,
Halifax and Marlboro will open Mon
day, Sept. IS.
The schools in Guilford will have
the following teachers: No, l, Miss
jean Campbell of Guilford; No. 3,
Merle H. Willis of Guilford; No. 5,
Mrs. Edith Quinn of Guilford;; No. 6,
Miss Leila Gallup of Guilford; No. 5,
Miss Helen NJ. Johnson of Brattle
horo; No y, Mrs. Bertha NJ. Thorn
as of Guiiford; No -, Mrs. NJ. H.
Willis of Guilford; No. "A, Miss Ma
bel \. Goodenough of Brattleboro.
The Vernon schools will open with
these teachers North, Miss Amy Al
len of South Vernon; Center, Miss
Bessie f. Sheldon of Bellows. Falls;
Pond, Miss Helen G. Lewis of Will
Evansville; South, Miss Grace NJ.
Payne of Wardsboro.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1916-09-14
LOWDEN NOMINATED.
Ex-Congressman Republican Candidate
for Governor in Illinois.

CHICAGO, Sept. a. = Former Con
gresham Frank o. Lowden of Oregon,
H., and Gov. Edward +. Dunno, in
cumbent, were nominated by large plu-
ralities for governor by the Repubh-
cans and Democrats, respectively, in
the Illinois primaries yesterday.
Lowden carried Chicago by a plurali-
ty of 10000 over Morton D. Hull of
Chicago, second man, returns from one
third of the city indicated. Frank L.
Smith of Dwight, H., ran a poor third
in Chicago. Down-state returns indi-
Gated a heavy plurality for Lowden
with Smith running close to Hull. Esti-
mates based on incomplete returns from
the entire state put Lowden S plurality
at more than 100000.
Dunno apparently carried Chicago
over William B. Brinton of Dixon, H.,
by more than 10000 and running on
the basis of about two to one over
Brinton down state.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1916-09-14
mock at the Poplars and will remain
for several weeks

mock at the Poplars and will remain
for several weeks.
Master Kenneth Coates, who has
spent the summer with his friend
George Faithful, on Ames Hill, will
return to his home in New York city
this week. Both the boys are fine sing
ers and members of Grace Church
choir.
\ somewhat remarkable family re-
union occurred recently in the home of
T.. p. Adams, when an entire family
paid a visit to their mother, Mrs Rhoda
Dalrymple. There were present Mrs.
Sarah Perry of Colrain, Mrs. Ida
Adams. with whom the gathering was
held, Mrs. Albert Shattuck of Ley
den, Mass, Elmer Dalrymple of Brook
lyn, n. Y, Miss Jennie and Melvin
Dalrymple of Brattleboro and Clifton
Dalrymple of Marlboro. Mrs. Dial
rymple is quite aged and has been in
declining health for many months.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1916-09-14
SOUTH VERNON

All schools in town will open Mon
day, Sept. Is, instead of Sept % as
previously announced.
G. w. French is moving into the house
with Mr.. and Mrs. Ellis on the for
mer Lowell Brown place.
William Newton of Bernardston, and
Miss Field, former teacher in town.
called on friends here Sunday.
Mrs. Warren Denison and daughter.
of Athol, Mass, We're guests of her
brother, Charles Spear, over Sunday.
Jack Titcomb returned to his home
in Lyndonville, Friday, taking with him
the last of the trout from the rearing
station.
Mrs. f. NJ. Price of North Attleboro,
Mass, is visiting her niece, Mrs. Her
bert Jillson. Miss Vina Jillson, who
spent the summer on Ames Hill, has
returned to her home here to remain
until the opening of Middlebury col
lege.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1916-09-14
BRATTLEBORO LOCAL.

The members of HE Grand Army
post are asked 20 meet in Grand Arm?
hall Friday afternoon at l.30 to attend
the funeral of Conrade Washburn.
Tickets went on sale at the box Of
fee this forenoon for the dramatic
spectacle, Everywoman, which will be
presented in the Auditorium Saturday
afternoon and evening. There was a
good sized line waiting, and indica-
lions point to large audience at each
performance.
The body of Mrs. ID. B. Stedman was
brought here from Springfield, Mass,
yesterday afternoon for burial in Meet
ing House Hill cemetery. Rev. A. V.
Woodwork of West Brattleboro otfici-
ated. Mr.. and Mrs. Fred c. Stedman re
turned to Springfield last night. D. B.
Stedman remained to visit his sister
in West Brattleboro two weeks. Mrs.
Augusta E. Wells, who went to Spring
field on account of Mrs. Stedman s i'll
ness, returned Yesterday.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1916-09-14
WESTMINSTER.

Saxtons River Valley Pomona
Grange. No. 112, will meet with Boy
den Grange Saturday, Sept. % at $50
p. m, with the following program:
Music; general business; question,
What is the relationship of Pomona to
subordinate Granges9 Speakers, Bert
Ormsby, George Wright and Nina
Dowley; song, Sylvia Fuller; reading,
Walter Harlow; recitation, Mrs. Rich
ardson; reading, Mrs. Treadwell. Re-
cess and supper at O'Clock. Evening
session at 7.45. Address of welcome,
w. S. Fem; response, A. G. Halliday;
question, what are we going to do with
immigration after the war, Speakers
R. r. Barber, L. c. Converse, George
Halliday and George Houghton; song
Margaret Wright; reading, Mrs. Lake
The public is cordially invited to attend
the evening meeting.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1916-09-14
WEST DOVER.

Mrs. Ellen Boyle and son, Leon, were
visitors to Wilmington Monday.
George P. Alexander of Saxtons
River was in town on Thursday of last
week.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. NJ. Harris were in
Wilmington Saturday and attended the
matinee.
Miss Katherine Sherman Of East
Dover is a guest of her cousin, Mrs.
Weston Snow.
Creighton and Leon Shippee have
begun drawing lumber from Stratton
to Wilmington.
Those who attended the dance at
John Humphreys Saturday night re-
port good time.
Miss Marjorie Pike of Wardsborc
was a guest of her aunt, Mrs. F. G
| Harvey, about a week recently.
Miss Gertrude Holland of East Dover
came Saturday night to visit her sister
Mrs. w. j. Snow, returning home Sun
day night.
| Mr.. and Mrs. J. M. Upton and sons
Nottingham Sunday to visit relatives
there for the day.
T. d. Goodell and son, Harvey, O.
/ Nottingham and III. X. Wilson of Reads
boro were business visitors in tow
one day last week.
Mr.. and Mrs. William Titus returne,
Monday night from a week S visit wit
the family of their daughter, Mrs
Henry Haskell, in Brattleboro.
daughter, Dorothy, and son, Ralph, a
so Mr. Haskins s sister, Miss Ellie. o
Greenfield, Mass, were in town Sunda
and called on Mrs. Haskins's cousin
Mrs. s. L. Hill.
J. J. Snow went to Wilmington Nor
day and Mrs Snow returned with hin
after spending about three weeks visi
ing and sightseeing in Montpelie
Burlington, Brattleboro, Chesterfield, !
H., and Wilmington.