davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14
DUCKS THRIVE ON SOFT FOOD
Nutritive Organs Not Adapted to
Whole Grains-GiVe Them Green
Feed in Abundance.

The ducks nutritive organs are not
adapted to whole grains. The natural
diet of ducks is soft food, worms and
bugs, from the banks and marshes. For
best development, ducks should have
soft feed, always accompanied by wa
ter in pans deep enough TO permit them
to Submerge the beak to the eyes. Give
them lettuce, spinach, beet tops, onion
tops, weeds-green food of some kind
in abundance.
For few ducks the vegetable par
ings may be boiled and fed with mash :;
small potatoes, not to exceed fifth
of the mash, may be used. Too many
potatoes are not good.
For stock ducks in autumn and early
winter, an excellent ration is equal
parts of cOrnmeal, wheat bran and
boiled vegetables, with 10 per cent of
beef scrap fed morning and evening !;
at noon little cracked corn, wheat or
oats. When the birds begin to lay, in
crease the proportion of meal and
scrap, and add lOW-grade flour, max
ing a mash about as follows: Meal,
one part; bran, one part; IOw-grade
flour, one part; vegetables, one part,
with from u to 10 per cent of beef
scrap.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14

NEED OF STANDARD METHODS
of Density of Traffic Into Main
Lines and Feeders.

Standardized methods of road con-
struction and a standard system of
classifying highways are needed. No
system of classifying highways is bet
ter than that OF traffic density. 1t is
highly desirable that careful counts
should be instituted by state highway
officials TO determine the present main
routes of travel. Just as in railroad
evolution, density OF traffic deter
mines the amount OF investment, so
highways should be classified on the
basis of density of traffic into trunk
lines. main lines and feeders.
In railroading, a light traffic is han
died by a single line of track with
switches; main line traffic is handled
by double tracks. Trunk lines han
ding heavy traffic are sometimes four
tracked, six tracked and even eight
tracked.
The solution reached in the con-
struction Of permanent country roads
around Cleveland is instructive. It is
similar to the solution followed in
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14
CARE OF WIRE CUTS
AND OTHER INJURIES
Practical and Timely Hints Given
by an Expert of Missouri
College of Agriculture.
Ry L S. BACKUs, Missouri College OF
Agriculture.)

(By L. S. BACKUS, Missouri College OF
Agriculture.)
First aid is most important.
Quick healing leaves smaller scars.
Don't use dust or lime to stop bleed
ing.
Bleeding that can be stopped with
powders will soon stop itself anyhow.
Frequent washing irritates wounds,
prevents prompt healing and may
cause proud flesh.
Small concealed stab wounds
such as those from nails are the most
likely to cause death. Find them and
keep them clean and well disinfected.
Swab out deep cuts with pure tine
ture of iodine as soon as it can be
secured and they will take care of
themselves then if the normal pus dis
charge is removed.
a long continued discharge from a
wound indicates an abcess pocket, a
bone injury, or the presence of a snag
or something else that should not be
in the wound. Call a veterinarian.
As soon as bleeding has been
stopped, wash the wound with a pint
of warm water to which two teaspoon
AOAo VI ~ SUI OolADO dSAOS
or some similar disinfectant has been
added.
a wound should be healed in about
three weeks. If it is doing well, the
swelling will gradually go down, and
the discharge will be odOrless, thin,
and bloody at first, and thicker and
whittier later.
Antitoxin will prevent 1ockjaw after
nail or other puncture wounds. If not
so prevented, very few of the lockjaw
cases ever recover. The hard crust
lime forms over the surface of a wound
fayors lockjaw by shutting out the
air.
Bleeding from a leg can always be
stopped by tying q small rope loosely
about the wound, then twisting it with
a stick or small rod. Tighten till bleed
ing stops. Apply bandages and re-
move the cord if possible. If band
ages cannot be applied, prevent seri-
Gus bleeding by pressing the fingers
against the cut blood vessels until q
veterinarian can be called.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14
BLACKLEG is MOST
INFECTIOUS DISEASE
Trouble Is Caused by Seed-Form-
ing Organism Gaining En-
trance Through Wounds.

by A. HAIINER, Idaho Experiment Sta
tion.)
Blackleg is a specific infectious dis
ease of young cattle, caused by a spore
or seed-forming organism that gains
entrance to the tissues through small
wounds in the skin. Cattle between the
ages Of six months and two and one
half years are most susceptible.
The main noticeable symptom is the
occurrence Of a large gaseous swelling
beneath the skin of the hind quarters,
the shoulder or the lower portion of
the neck. The swelling crackles when
the hand is passed ever it, and if cut
INFO the muscle is dark and a yellow
ish bloody fluid escapes. Associated
with this symptom are others common
to bacterial infections, viz: Elevation
Of body temperature, loss of appetite
and rumination, dullness, and difficult
breathing.
The best method of handling is to
burn or bury deeply the carcasses of
dead animals, disinfect the spots where
they died, remove healthy stock from
infected pastures and vaccinate the
susceptible cattle.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14
WIDE WAGON TIRES FAVORED
okIahoma, Adopted Measure After Con-
siderable Study of Road Cues
tioh-Most Economical.

Oklahoma, when it drafted its new
road legislation, provided penalty for
using wagons of two tons or more ca
pacity that do not have at least three
inch tires. The measure was adopted
after considerable study of the road
question. Dealers who sell vehicles
which do not come up TO the state re-
Quirement make themselves liable for
a fine of not less than So nor more
than $25 for each wagon sold.
Tests by the federal roads depart
ment indicate that the three-inch tire
Is the most economical for farmers. In
stead Of being destructive to roads, it
helps to make them better. Narrow
tired wagons, which are universally
common, are very hard on roads,
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14

Of the value Of a bull is the character
Of his offspring, and this is the safest
and surest guide Many aged bulls
with good records and splendid of
spring are sold at bargain prices to
avoid inbreeding, and afford an excel
lent opportunity to the man who
wishes a good bull at moderate cost.
Strength and virility must go with
good ancestry to make a good sire.
The grade sire should have no place
in the dairy herd.
Select Cows on Their Records.
Cows may be selected according to
type and apparently by men who are
good judges, but the only safe and sure
basis for selection is the annual milk
record.
The keeping Of milk records in al
parts Of the country and in all classes
and kinds Of herds has shown:
1. That some herds make large an
nual profits while others make none.
2. That in the best herds there are
usually some improbable COWS, and
very many such in the poorer herds.
8. That without records the owners
Of the herds could not tell with any de-
gree Of accuracy which cows were pay
ing profitably and which were not
4. That many dairymen would have
made a greater yearly profit had they
sent their herd to the butcher at the
beginning of the year, thus saving half
their feed and labor expenses and get
ting all the profit from their best cows.
A fact worth noting is that several
worlds record cows of different breeds,
now worth thousands Of dollars each,
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14
ILLUSTRATION OF TRAP NEST
Device Intended to Assist Poultry
Breeder to Find Out Best Layers
and Keep Pediorees.

This is an Illustration of a trap nest
not a guiliotine. 1t is designed to
help the poultry breeder to find out his
good layers and to keep pedigrees. 1t
Is very simple. 1t may be attached TO
the under side of the dropping board,
with the front facing the pen and ar
ranged so that it can be easily re-
moved. The dropping board will then
be the roof OF the nest.
The rear of the nest may be of wire
for the sake of ventilation. If the nest
is placed on the wall, Stats or wire
should be inserted from the front of
the nest to the wall at a sharp angle to
prevent the hen from roOsting on the
nest. When she enters the nest, the
hens back raises the door, which re-
leases the catch and allows the door
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14
SHELTER ESSENTIAL
FOR A SHEEP FLOCK
Dry Floor, Good Roof, Abundance
of Fresh Air and Feed
Space Are important.

It is impossible to suggest any very
definite sheep barn plans without
knowing under just what conditions
the barn is to be built, but Prof H
Hackedorn of the Missouri College
of Agriculture makes some general
suggestions. He says: ''In planning
barns or sheds for a breeding flock of
sheep, a space of 10 or II square feet
per eve will give sufficient room. The
essentials of shelter for sheep are %
dry floor, (2) good roof, (3) an album
dance of fresh air, ca avoid drafts
90 avoid narrow doors and passages
SO eve heavy with lamb Will net be in
jured, and 60 provide sufficient feed
ing-trough space so all the sheep can
eat at the same time.
I'VE find that q shed % or so feet
wide and as long as necessary to
house the flock gives very good results
at the Missouri agricultural expert
ment station. 1t should open on the
south and may be built with O. feed
trough and feed alley along the north
side. Economy of rack space may be
secured by the use of movable racks
SO arranged as to make as many lots
as are needed in the shed. These par
ttiOn racks can be moved out of the
way whenever a wagon is driven in to
DE loaded with manure. The she'd
should be high enough to afford plenty
Of loft room. AS we feed baled hay,
a loft five feet high at the caves gives
US room enough to store q winters
supply for the flock, but if loose hay
is put in and fed cOrresp0ndingly,
more loft room must be provided"
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14
PROPER CARE OF BROOD SOW
Start Feeding Little Grain About
Month Before Breeding Time
Give Oats and Alfalfa.

About a month before breeding time
brood sows that have been living on
pasture since their pigs were wesned
may be started on little grain
Oats and finely cut alfalfa fed twice
> day In amounts which the SOW vii
readily clean up VIII put them in cord
condition for bressing.
Larger and more vigorous filters VIA
Be obtained If the SOW is In a yigot-
OPS condition when bred She should
b. gaining fn flesh at the tine, Rve
fat, but Just starting to get fat
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14

by F. B. MUMFORD, Dean of Missouri
College of Agriculture, Columbia, MOI
Probably no state in the United
States has so large an area of blue
grass pasture as Missouri. Certain
advantages in this state have led many
men who farm, and particularly those
controlling large bodies Of land, &c fol
low grazing on permanent pastures.
When the price of land was low and
the value of grain less than at present,
bluegrass farming was more profitable
than rotative farming. A change of
conditions makes more skillful han
ding of grass lands necessary.
Investigations carried on at the Mis-
souri, experiment station for five years,
comparing blue grass with ten other
rotations, including the best forage
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14
HOG IS PROFITABLE ANIMAL
Disadvantages Of Low Market Prices
May Be Overcome by Timely
Breeding and Care.

The hog should be a profitable s1l-
NAL He requires less labor, less equip
ment, less capital, makes greater gains
on 100 pounds OF concentrates, repro
duces himself faster and in greater
numbers. and returns the money faster
than any Otherfarm animal. The fact,
remains, however, that prices paid for.
hogs during recent months have been.
low and discOuraging. In spite OF
these prices the animal that possesses
the above advantages can still lift
mortgages for his owner If the latter
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14

railway evolution. The right of way
for the highway lies between two
fences 60 feet, more or less, apart.
Economy is attained by building the
permanent highway one-half as wide,
leaving the balance of the dirt road
for the present as before.
In railrOading it is an axiom that
the capacity of a single track of rail-
way with sufficient switches and uni
form speed of trains is practically IN
limited. In CuyahOga county, Ohio,
hundreds of miles of permanent coun-
try roads of narrow widths are being
built, using a special type of brick
which is produced cheaply in that 10
cality for the surface, set upon ce-
ment foundations. Future genera
tons may widen these country auto
tracks if they so desire. But they
will act more wisely if they invest the
money in an equal number of miles
of new narrow roads of permanent
construction TO act as feeders.
A 12-foot permanent road is pass
able, summer and winter, for the har-
vest loads. The dirt road lies to one
side Of the new trackway just as be-
fore. The country needs thousands
Of miles OF narrow roads of perma-
nent construction, intersecting as feed
ers with the wider main lines and
trunk lines. Such feeders need not
be wider than II feet. The advantages
are plain Not only are such roads
passable summer, fall, winter and
spring for the harvest loads, but they
are also permanent
And, above all, they are a state and
municipal undertaking, and not a sub
ject for federal endowment.-WaU
Street Journal.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14

were sold to their present owners for
small sums by men who had not taken
| the trouble to find out what kind Of
COWS they were keeping.
Essential to Keep Records.
1t is difficult, therefore, to see how q
dairyman can afford to run the risk
Of keeping improbable cows by refus-
ing to keep records. A merchant who
could not take time to keep books
would soon go bankrupt; and business
methods must be the rule on the dairy
farm if q profitable business is to be
built up. Even If it should take one
weeks work in a year TO keep q good
system Of records, the time viii be well
spent If the work Of the year were to
result in an annual profit Of S1,T15, or
loss Of $3.50 as a consequence Of
keeping records or not keeping them.
The time required is really very small.
The milk record is the dairyman'S
barometer; by means OF it he can keep
checked up on his individual COWS, on
his mixers and on his system of feed
ing. By means OF it he will notice any
increase or decrease in milk flow, and
in the latter case be able to avoid trou-
est is taken in feeding the COWS care
fully when their records are kept. A
circular balance scale and a sheet Of
paper ruled OF, together with the Bah
cock test viii do the work. Cow test
ing associations are doing good work
all over the country. From ten to
twenty or more farmers may club to
gether and agree to pay a qualified
man to test their herds each month,
sharing expenses equally. The system
is particularly valuable to the men
with purebred herds, as they can get
their good animals tested for the ad-
vanced register. Record keeping helps
the dairyman to get nd OF his 'rob-
ber."
Gull Out Improbable Cows.
Cows that prove improbable should
be sold at once. Those paying only a
small profit may be kept until better
ones are bought or raised TO take their
places Young heifers that do not
show up during their first lactatioD
period may sometimes make a good
showing on a second years trial. Good
COWS can often be purchased that VIII
pay for their feed, care and cost prices
in one year and return = good profit
besides.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14
RANGE FOR BREEDING DUCKS
Fowls Should Not Be Confined purino
Balance of Season-Do Well
Without SWIMMING.

The ducks which are intended for
to have free range during the rest CT
the season and if there is a place for
them to swim. it will be better for
them, though they do well without
swimming.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14
PLoW GARDEN PATCH IN FALL
Land So Treated viii Stand Much Wet
Weather Next Spring-Lisht Sell
Likely to Drift.

Plow all poorly drained or heavy
gardens and potato patches in the fall.
Land so plowed will stand much more
wet weather the next spring than
spring plowed soil.
It is seldom a good plan to plow
Hight sell IN the fall especially In re-
gions where the wind is likely to cause
the land to drift
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14
GOOD REMEDY FOR GAPEWoRM
Parasites Are UsuaIiysFound in PouI-
try Raised on Low Land-PIow
Infected Areas.

Gapeworms are commonly found in
poultry raised on low land; they may
be seen attached to the walls of the
windpipe. For treatment restrict the
birds to well-drained quarters and
pillow the infected areas. Individual
treatment necessitates the removal of
the worms. By a feather moistened
with turpentine swab out the wind
pipe.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14

to shut. The catch should be set so
that its edge just holds the door, the
position being regulated by a screw or
nail at the lower inside edge of the
catch. A washer on the screw Will
prevent it from sticking. The guard
around the catch holds the nesting
material away. The. nest should be
visited frequently to release the hens.
Popular Science Monthly.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14

crops known for Missouri, show that
the average return per acre which can
be accredited TO bluegrass forage for
fattening hogs is $3.50 per acre, esti-
mating pork at cents a pound, and
corn fed at 60 cents a bushel. A rota-
ton Of rape, clover, and corn yielded
an annual income of S22.42 per acre.
A succession of corn in which cowpeas
were planted at the last cultivation
gave an annual income per acre of
S19.4S.
The figures indicate that it is not
necessary for men who farm to pillow
up all the land devoted to bluegrass
pastures in order to make it pay a
good income even on the basis of high
land values at the present prevailing
in this state.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14
Not Serious Defect

Grasshoppers damage field and gar
den crops, and fruit and shade trees.
Poison bran mash sowed early in the
morning kills them, and their eggs may
be destroyed By cultiTating pastures,
meadows and waste lands in the late
fall
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14
CARING FOR DAIRY VESSELS
Wash With Hot Water Into Which
Some Good Alkaline Powder Has
Been Added-Avoid Soap.

Wash all dairy vessels in warm wa
ter first, then in water as hot as the
hands viii stand. Into this hot water
put some good alkaline wash powder.
Do not use soap, it may leave a
taste.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14
RATION FOR GROWING CHICKS
Good Dry Mash Is Made of Mixture of
cornmeaI, Wheat, Bran and High
Grade Beef Scraps.

A good dry mash for feeding growing
chicks in hOppers is made of one part
cornmeal, two parts wheat bran and
half a part OF high-grade beef scraps,
though most any mixture of ground
grains which does not include too
much fattenfng material will prove sat
isfactory for this purpose if the chicks
are on free range
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14
Keep Complete Records

Keep a record of your flock the year
round. 1t is the only way to find how
much money they are earning. Charge
yourself reasonable price for all the
eggs you use
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14

bined. as for instance in marking No. 9
where 50" and 40 are marked on the
left ear, as shown in the diagram. Sup
posing the lamb is No. ., then the
right ear is nOtched at 90 and the
left ear at f2''
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14
seIectinu Rreedino stnck.

In selecting breeding stock, the rec
ords OF the near ancestors are the
ones to be studied most closely. The
more remote the ancestor, the less its
influence on the individual.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14
Gull out UnprohtabIe Cows.
overeore summer prswbaetss.

Make early preparations for over
coming the great drawbacks to mid
sumner dairying, viz Flies, excessive
heat, and dry. short pasturageS Con-
qUer or materially mitigate these in
fuences, and-you are q successful
dairymang
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14
MARKING SYSTEM FOR LAMBS.
Simple Plan Outlined in Illustration
Given observation-disclosures In Ears
Indicate Numbers.

This marking system is simple. II
you want TO mark a lamb as No. 3,
make notch in ear where s.3'' is fn-f
dieated. The numbers can be com
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14
Two Enemies 81 Rosds

The two greatest enemies OF roads
are water and politics. OF these, poll
tics is the worst, for water will run
downhiII, while no one knows which
way politics viii RUM. 0. EIdridge.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14

- 0eAA-(tbrA-
Nowhere is IL more certain that u
miliarity breeds contempt than IN ths
handling OF animals Kindness ana
frmness are the requisites most need
ed in this direction
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14
To Identify Potatoes

Stick up a single in the box of seed
Of early potatoes with the name Of
the variety on it That VIII not for
get; you may.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14
PIousinn for WHEAT

Where wheat follows corn, set the
plow point deeper. Bring up some
earth that has not been worn thread
bare.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14
RuiId New Henho,,sa

Now is the time to build the new
Ilenhouse SO that it viii have time. TO
dry out thoroughly before cold weather
comes.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14
AVold Huf AxIea

AXES that get hot and dry not only
wear the wagon cut bat they take hay
from the now and grain from the bin
A. the hoEses il this Is aet %.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14
Wheat Bran for chIeEs-

Give the young growing fowls an
the pure wheat bran they viii COD
sumo.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14
Pasture With sheIfer.

The pasture with a good shelter Il
a better place than the aTersge pig
house.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14
Zinc for Garden Work.

Save a half hour at the close of the
day for work in the garden. 1t can
not be better employed.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14
FEEDING vessels for calves

The young calves should be fed from
buckets as clean As those used IN
handllng the milk for human eOnsuulp-
tfoa.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14
Best seIIino AppIe,

The King apple is said to be the
best seller and brings a good price.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14
EstherIY PEueon.

The older e male pigeon grows TIE
more fatheEly be becomes
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14

Tag the sheep before they get o.
Heen feed
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14
Grain supply for Hen.

4 hen should be fed some grain Il at
she doesn't have to scratch for.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-10-14

A Little ground feed helps The eazil
lambs to make gzinz