The daily Nome industrial worker., 1916-08-22

have had their fill, others are vel come, and in many cases mutuality is the marked characteristic even between different species and often enough different genera.
 Among the same species as has been pointed out by Kropotkin in his Mutual Aid, the most important factor of survival has been mutual assistance rendered to one another by the individual members of the same species. The idea that one or a set of individuals should be sacri- feed for the benefit of the few Of the same species is not only never seen, but never even heard of
 It is certain that those species which practiced the most intelligent efforts to assist one another have been those which ultimately surviv ed. The basis of survival for all living things is cooperation adjust ed to the environment which so often threatens existence There can hardly be any doubt that it is to auch cooperation practiced among the primitive beings from which modern humanity is descended, society today owes it's very exist ence.
 In all ages we discover the fact that human beings gathered to- gether for mutual protection and not until the very latest ages of barbarism and throughout that era known as civilized, has any service been demanded, by some inexorably , stronger on account of one thing or another, from all the rest.
 It is probable that human sacri- , fee, cannibalism and slavery began at cOincident epochs of the race, and there is hardly any question but ownership in the needs of hu- manity and the demand for service to owners also began simultaneous ly. We have no trouble tracing the genesis of wage working from serf- dom and chattel slavery, and indeed , both of those things predicate an ownership, control or possession over the means whereby human be- ings lived.
 That condition therefore is not biological. It is economic. It is not an instinctive condition inherent be- cause necessary to continued exist ence. Private property in land and tools, in machinery, and food, cloth ing and shelter is not in any way biological condition, but owes it's existence to the artificial fact that some exercised savage might to deny others access to the means whereby the rest lived. The right to possess as against the rest of the people, social necessities is in itself genealogically akin to the exercise of power by the liege lord, the Caesar or the tyrant in all ages. It is however upon that which this service theory of life founds itself. It is this prior condition of a right of one man to say how the others should live; to dictate their coming and their going, their working and their sleeping that has made it possible to establish system of ethics based upon an altruism is practiced, but which is none the less so outrageously anti-social that it has, right in the present as in the past, deluged the world with blood and brutalized it with human suff- ering.
 All service which is to be of social nature must be equally reel procal. Without that essential of equality even Golden Rules become a farce. It is true that there may be neither equality of physical strength nor of mental ability, but it is just as scientific and far finer to demand that that excess of phy- sical strength and excess of mental ability shall be in the service of those who have no such redundance of either as it is to justify either demanding of the rest, service in it's already clotted surfeit of power.
 There is absolutely no reason why the genius physical or mental using the terms in the sense of one abnormality gifted-should receive the sacrifice of service from all the rest. It is not to the genius that the world owes its progress. To