davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hawaiian gazette. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, 1916-12-01
PRATT LEAVES DESK
N PEOPLES BANK y | U
n. A. TrusloW From kona Will
Succeed Him
IMAM Special 10 The Advertiser.l


HILO, November, 27-Beginning with
January |, the Peoples Bank Of Hilo
will have a new cashier. II. A. Trus-
low, now cashier Of the Kona branch
Of the First Bank of HilO, is the man
who has been offered and who has ac-
cepted the position. Mr.. Truslow is
an experienced banking man and has
made good in his present position. He
was formerly bookkeeper for the old
,Breakwater Company.
Joseph G. Pratt, the present cashier
and one of the organizers of the bank,
will step out on the first of the year,
but says he will retain his interest in
the bank.
GAS a matter of fact" said Mr..
Pratt yesterday, "the business of the
bank is growing so rapidly that we de-
cided that it would be best for a
thoroughly experienced banking man to
have charge of the active workings Of
the bank"
II. V. Patten, manager of the Bank,
states that 80 far no one has been de-
cided upon in the place of Mr.. Trus-
low as cashier of the Kona branch Of
the bank
The Hawaiian gazette. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, 1916-12-01
GLOOM FALLSON
I|N !I|ILI.H|:l| DISTRICT
Red Light Section More Nearly
p Closed Than For i Years; f
More Sensations Coming

Iwilci was nearer to being closed
last night than at any time for many
years. The raid Of the police upon the
pimps and panders of the district,
which was followed yesterday by the
arrest Of dozen Of the inmates of the
houses Of the district, put fear of the
real sort into the nearts of the habi-
tues of the place, and as n consequence
the dcns were sllont and dark and the
women, for the most part, were mot
at home" to the fen AMI struggling
visitors.
The arrest Of the white pimps Mon
day morning by Sheriff Rose and Cap
tain Of Detectives McDuffie had still
another effect. 1t frightened away
many Of the Orientals who had been
plying the same loathsome trade, and
last night a search for some of them
failed to reveal their whereabouts, nor
could any information of them be
gained by the police, although it is
known that a search of a few hours
will enable the authorities TO arrest
the men should it be considered advis.
able to do so.
Rumors of more and greater sensa-
tions to come were rife in the district
last night.
The arrest of the panders on Mon
day morning was followed yesterday
afternoon by the arrest of twelve of
the women of the district. They were
I'll charged with Vagraney and were
bailcd out, giving a total of $4,000 cash
|aiI for their appearance in court.
rh,y will appear for trial at the same
zine that the men arrested in their
o"ns are brought before the district
magistrate. Part Of the bail money
~ns furnished through attorneys; part
came from other women of the district,
The grand jury yesterday continued
IS work Of investigating the conditions
in the district, and it was announced
Yesterday afternoon that, in all prob
ability, the formal report of the jury =
findings will be returned this after,
noon in Judge Ashford's court.
The Hawaiian gazette. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, 1916-12-01
MILITARY CAMP ON J
kILAIUEADELIGHTS'
Soldiers Of First Infantry Report
Splendid Time During Week
Spent Near Crater
Mail Special to The Advertiser.)

HILO, November 27--When Com
pany |, First Infantry, returned to Hilo
from q week Of work and play at the
military camp at Kilauea Volcano they
all declared that they had had fne,
time. the Weather had been, good,
though rather chilly, and all were in
good health. -.
: While at the camp the company, con-
sisting of ffty-fye enlisted men under
command Of First Lieut.. f. G. Rose;
were greatly, Interested in the FIRE pit
of Halemaumau, which was very act
i've. Some of the men spent all Of one
night by the pit keeping warm in a
steam. crack. q On one day Lieutenant
Rose led a party out hunting wild
goats. but it is stated that al that
they got was a small donkey, shot by
mistake. On another occasion a hunt.
ing party went out after wild pigs and
got one or two,
During the week Captain McCook, of
Company l., First Infantry, led a party
to the top of,Mauna Loa, 1880 feet
above the sea, This party was gone
three days, camping for one night by
the crater Of Mokuaweoweo, at the top
of Mauna Loa. The soldier boys said
they would not have missed it for any
thing.
On Sunday afternoon, when the men
had gotten well settled for the night in
the HiIo Armory, the company ball
team crossed bats with the picked Hilo
team, which defeated them the Sunday
before. The game was played in Moo
beau Park and was won by the local
team by a score of six to one. The
lineup was as follows:
Company collins, IS; Baxter, 1b.
and If; Coombs, IT,; Jackson, 3b. /;
Heath, h.; Mccall, c.; Jenkins, eff;
Passon, p; Siegel, IF. and ID.
Watson, 3D.; A. Dasha, IS.
Alma, e.; Tom Pedro, H.; Araki, r.;
c. ARina, 2b,; r. Thomas, cf.; Goo
Sun, IT,; Baptiste, p; Carter and Oh,
substitutes.
The Hawaiian gazette. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, 1916-12-01
JUDGE ASHFORD erred,
SAYS SUPREME Court
Father Not Liable For Acts Of
Son In Certain Cases :

In the suit of William K Rathburn
against John Pele Kaio the supreme
court yesterday sustained the excep,
tons taken from the decision of Judge
Ashford and remanded the case to the
circuit court. The opinion of the SUI
prcme court was written by Chief
Justice Robertson and concurred in by
the remainder of the bench.
Rathburn claimed that he owned an
automobile and that with the knowE
edge and consent of KaiO he employed
the lutter's son, a minor, nineteen
years old, to drive the machine. Young
KaiO drove the auto all right. He
drove it into the Waimea River, this
islrnd, and damaged the car. Rathburn
then sued the elder KGio for damages.
The defendant demurred to the com.
plant and Judge Ashford overruled the
demurrer, whereupon an interlocutory
bill Of exceptions was allowed to the
supreme court.
On the question of the fathers liabil-
ity for damages caused by his son, uh-
der the facts stated in this case, the
supreme court says:
eve hold, therefore, that as, upon
the facts alleged, the plaintiff could not
maintain an action against the defend
ant 5 son, he may not maintain this
action against the defendant. The
court below erred in overriding the de.
The Hawaiian gazette. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, 1916-12-01
lNSORAN(ERATES !
'NHONOLULUA ARE
CALLED TOO HIGH
Territorial Commissioner McCar-
thy Declares, After lnyestiga-
'tloh, They Are Exorbitant
PROFITS ON BUSINESS HERE
BEYOND THOSE ~ STATES
Fire Risks In Hawaii Are Less
Than Big Cities Of
fL$"' Mainland

Fire insurance rates in Hawaii are
not only, high, but exorbitantly high
according TO c. J. Mccarthy, territorial
treasurer and insurance Commissioner
who is the head Of the insurance com
mission appointed to outline new in
Iuranee code for, Hawaii, to be pre-
5ented nS'the form Of several bills Il
the next legislature for approval.
Mccarthy yesterday quoted, in sup
port of his contention, from an artick
IN the Insurance Field Of October 20
1916, In which the statement was mad,
that in the state Of New Jersey, dur
ng the fve-year period ending with
1918, premiums. of $57, 007 ,23G were col
leeted, ont of which losses of $50, 066,
O43 were paid-a loss ratio Of 5l.9 Il
lremiums. That is, out Of each $l0t
collected in premiums the inshranc,
'ompanies paid ont for losses the sun
4 $5l.90.. "In other words,'' say,
he insurance Journal, "aceording tC
he accepted formulate of 6re, j insurance
!uring the latest hve-year, period New
Jersey has been a mildly ProatabL
|tate."i z ~. .,r 4ri,5 : 3. -.
Insurance missioner MeCartb,
alys that his figures show that during
he same fve-year period INSURANCE
oremiums in Hawaii aggregated
1864, 093,77, and out of that tota
there was paid out for losses onl
t377, S40.S6. The ratio of losses to pre-
miums Is only $3.50 in Hawaii. Ii
other words, for every 800 collected AZ
premiums by the ERE insurance compa
mics they paid out for losses only
$l3.l9.
If companies operating in New Jer
sey, said Mccarthy, are doing q midi,
profitable business when they pay Out
for losses 81, 30 out of every 800 col
ected' for premiums, the companies op
rating in Hawaii are certainly doing {
BUSINESS that is entirely too profitabl
when they have to pay out only $l31!
out of every 800 collected.
Fire insurance rates in Hawaii, Me
'arthy added, are approximately tn
anne as the average Of those in the biz
tiles of the mainland, although the fir
~isks are Infinitely smaller. For in
lance, he says, here in Honolulu VI
Use fuel only for cooking, not for heat
ng purposes. In addition, in cite
Ike San Frahcisco the houses are bull
20 close together that they touch aDt
form what is virtually a continuou
tructufe, while here In Hawaii hearl,
very house has its own yard and /
eparated from its neighbor.fE There
ore, for the two reasons above men
toned, there Is not the danger here o
! general le0nfagration snch as at al
lines menaces the big mainland cities,
~ belieNe;S concluded Mccarthy
hat our insurance rates here are en-
rely too high. And II is for that rea
ION that the insurance commission il
| compiling the proposed new insurance
ode for Hawaii, with view to bring
ng about an equitable adjustment ant
.eneral lowering of insurance rates"
The Hawaiian gazette. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, 1916-12-01

Kidney pills have meant new life to
them, II the kidneys are weak, try
box.
"WheD Your Back is Lame--Remem.
Der tho Name" Don't simply ask for
a kidney remedy-ask distinctly for
Doan's Baekache Kidney Pills and
take no other. Doap's Backache Kid
nsy Pills are sold by all druggists and
store,keepers at SOC box, (six boxes
$250) or will ba mailed on receipt of
nrice by the Hpllister Drug Co.. or
Benson. Smith 4 Co., agents for the
Hawaiian Islands,
The Hawaiian gazette. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, 1916-12-01
SUGAR PLANTERS WILL HOLD .s
ANNUAL MEETING NEXT MEEK

weinSheimer, G. H. Wilcox, F. Meyer,
r. A.. Alexander. -a Va ~
Cultivation and fertilization on un.
irrigated plantations: J. 7. Moir, chair
man; James Webster, A. Lidgate, David
Forbes, @. y. Eckart,. George Watt,
James Campsie, John Hind, w. @. ogg,
W. p. Naquim, J. A. MeLsnnan.N
Cutting, loading and general plan.
tation transportation: John Hind, chair
man; b. d. Baldwin, John Chalmers,
L. Weinzheimer, J. r. Myers, G. r.
Ewart Jr,, Alex. Smith. +. A. Alexan.
der, E. W. Broadbent, J. M. Ross, Will
liam Pullar.
Manufacture of sugar and utiliza.
tion Of by-prOducts: r. 8. Norris, chair
man: J. n. =. Williams, w w. Goodale,
J. 7. NOR, H. B. Penhallow, H. A.
Baldwin, c. +. Eckart, William Pullar,
Andrew Adams, W. P. Naquin.
Manufacturing machinery: A. Cart
ley, chairman; George F, Renton, =. y.
Baldwin, w. g. Hall, r. Renton Hind,
Z. Kopke, w. A. Ramsay.
Agricultural machinery and nipple.
ments: A. Lidgate, chairman; George
P. Wilcox, B. d. Baldwin, James Web
ster E. Cropp, J, r. Myers, Alex.
Smith, James Campsie, F. Weber.
"Fopestry: L. A. Thurstou, chairman +;
David Forbes, George Watt, James
Glib, H. p. Faye.
Warehouses and storage of sugar:
John A. Scott, chairman; w. G. Ogg, J.
N. Ross, c. H. Wilcox, George Glib,
James Johnson.
"Lnbor-saviug devices: Jas. Glib,
chairman; John A. Scott, John Hind,
VIM. A. Ramsay, r. Renton Hind.
Experiment station committee: J.
F. c. Hagens, chairman; J. W. Waldron,
A, Gartley, c. R. Hemenway, f. H.
wodehouse. T. II. Petrie.
The Hawaiian gazette. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, 1916-12-01

The Hawaiian Sugar Planters Asso-
citation will Mold It's annual meeting in
the rooms Of the Honolulu chamber of
commerce in the Kauikeolani building
beginning Tuesday morning, December
5, at ten O'Clock. The sessions are ex
pected to last three days.
The report Of President Allen W. T.
Bottomley and Secretary w. o. Smith
will be the first order of business and
will be followed by the election of the
board of trustees for the ensuing year.
Recess will then be taken for the selec-
tiOn Of the new officers Of the assOcia-
tion by the trustees after which the
latter will take their chairs and pre-
side over the balance of the session.
To Visit Waipio .;.
Suggestion has been made TO the Of
fcers, trustees and members this year
that the usual trip of inspection TO the
association = experiment station on
Wilder Street be cancelled in favor of
trip to sWaipio at the Oahu planta-
tion to study and inspect the field ex-
periments there. Among other sub
jects of study and interest that will at
tract the members at Waipio, if the
trip is made there, will be experiments
with the Scotia wasp now being propa,
gated as parasite for the Anomala
beetle. 4
The reports Of the committees Of the
association have been printed and dis
tributed to the members for use at the
annual meeting.
Committee Members
The committees are:-
Cultivation, fertilization and irri.
CATION on irrigated plantations: G. +.
Renton, chairman; W. W. Goodale, F
+. Baldwin, Andrew Adams, H. B. Pen
hallow, James Glib, E. K. Bull, l.,
The Hawaiian gazette. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, 1916-12-01
Can'tEnjoy the
J Children 4.

A mother who
suffers with kid
ney trouble finds
II hard to keep up
her daily work
Lameness, back.
ache, sharp pains
W h en- STOPPING
and sick, "blue, "
nervous or dizzy
spells make home
life dreary. Ac-
tive kidneys bring
back vigoI health
and u pleasure in
ia mily duties,
Thousands of wo'
men say t ha I
DOan's Backache
The Hawaiian gazette. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, 1916-12-01
STREET WORK COMPLETE

City Engineer George NJ. Collins
forwarded letter to the board Of su
pervisors yesterday stating that the re
tanning wall and curbing on the Pen
tae0la Street extension, Makiki dis
riot, had been satisfactorily complete
nd recommended that the J.
Young Engineering Company be pair
he balance due on their contract. Tn
'onrd last night ordered that thu
mount, $6Gs.2e andS$3ll.7o, for extr
work be paid.
The Hawaiian gazette. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, 1916-12-01
F. M. SWANZY BETTER

Francis NJ. swaRzsI mahagiag direc
or of Thee. H. Davies 4 Co.. who hat
reen seriously i'll for two months, il
improving rapidly. He is in good spir
q and has so far recovered in health
hat he sits m much of the time. He
vas able TO talk business with T. Give
Davies, president of the agency, who
yesterday from a three years :
':"s~c~" +o''r ~ FnOlrrh.
The Hawaiian gazette. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, 1916-12-01
COLDS CAUSE HEADACHES

LAXATIVE BRoMo QU1NINE re-
moves the cause, Used theworld over
to cure a cold in one day. The sigma
ture IF E. W. GROVE is on each box.
Manufactured by the TARIS MEDI-
CINR CO., st. Louis U. S. A.
The Hawaiian gazette. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, 1916-12-01
THE cHILDREN's COLDS.

Watch the children 5 colds and cur,
them before they weaken the vitality
Use Chamberlain = Cough Remedy free
ly. II is perfectly safe. 1t has h'e
tested by chemists and pronounced fire.
from injurious substances aud costs bu
a trihe. For sale by all dealers. Ben
son, Smith 4 Co., Ltd, agents for Ha
Wall
The Hawaiian gazette. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, 1916-12-01
VISITOR
;" INSPECTING SHREDDERS

w. II. Lambert sugar man from
the Philippines leaves for Hawaii and
Maui on the Mauna Kea today with X.
Renton Hind, consulting mill engince
Of the Honolulu Iron Works. He will
inspect factories on both islands, es
pecially the mills where the Scarby
is in operation.
The Hawaiian gazette. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, 1916-12-01
city Can Pay Soon


-. The water and sewer department, in
making it's estimates, has based them
IN property valuation of Honolulu of
'96000,000, and the result shows that
IN increase in the tax rate of one mill ).
" total rate of .0l373, will complete
II the above improvements in eleven
years. A tax rate of Slab will com
1lete them in FIVE and one -half years.
Other figures compiled by the depart.
nent show that q rate of .0l473 is not
rohibitive and FIVE and one half years
OF great period of time under ordi.
arv condition, and thcv raise the QuRs
ions: care we working under ordi
'ary conditional Do the taxpayers
nd citizens of Honolulu expect to
'ntinue along the same lines of prog
~"ss as in the past!" And these are
he questions, they declare, that the
whether bonds shall be hoated or
whether the tax rate should be raised
nd every available dollar put into the
improvements.
other Questions Raised
The Improvement projects proposed
~ the water and sewer department in
h" petition which will be presented to
he board of supervisors are for the
'urpose of allowing the supervisors to
ontinue with road improvemen and
t the same time safeguard the people
n the dangerous districts. They ask:
Shall these projects wait on a tax
ate which will take two and one half
ears to nrovidn $3.50 900. % shall the
'ity pay $22S,000 in interest and com
let" the work within one wears"
The solution offered by the men who
raise these questions lies in floating the
'ond ISSUE of $4S000O. If it is found
ra"tinab'a and good business, they
say let the Legislature at the next SEES
sion raise the tax rate sufficient to re-
! ire the bonds at the end of five years.
VI is their contention that $3.50, 900, the
mount Of interest on bond issue Of
$50 900. is a small amount of money
% pay in oFder to have the improve.
nents completed within one year.
The Hawaiian gazette. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, 1916-12-01
INCREASEDTAXES
OR BOND ISSUES
up TO THE PEOPLE
Which Method Of Paying For Wa
ter and Sewer improvements
Best Still Undecided
WATER DEPARTMENT BUSY
GATHERING MORE FIGURES
Insist Saving Of Time One Of Vital
Questions For City To
Settle Now

Is it better to pay for the improve
ments in the water and sewer system
by an increase of the tax rate or BY
floating bondsi This is the big qucsN
ton that is being asked by hundreds OF
,itizens in Honolulu. That the I'M
provements are needed is conceded, but
the method of meeting the bills is some
thing that has not been decided.
The proponents for the bond issue
point out the fact that the work can be
done in much shorter time and that
he increased valuation of the city = re
sources will be more than an Offset for
the money expended aud the interest
paid on the loan. Those opposed to the
Coating Of bonds Declare that the city -
in prosperous condition and should
not indebt itself until it is absolutely
necessary and that an increase in the
AK rate is the more reasonable means
>f paying for the improvements.
The total cost of all the improve.
ments as worked out by the water and
ever department is $l,l50,S92. This
um is divided rs follows!
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1916-11-30

Rubber Stamp Ink at this Office.
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1916-11-30

Mr.. and Mrs. j. d. Fletcher will
leave the latter part of this week for
southern California where they will
spend the winter, hoping that the
change of climate will benefit Mr.,
Fletcher's health. The journey south
will be maze by boat.
The Woman's Foreign Missionary So
ciety, of Asbury M. E. church. will
hold an all day session Tuesday, De-
cember 5, beginning at 10 a. m. at the
home of Mrs. c. P. Sonnicbsen. A
picnic lunch will be served at noon.
All who are interested in missions are
cordially invited.
Mrs. l.. A. Kerr, who is visiting rel
atives at Elk Point, SD, writes tMr.
Kerr that the temperature there is
eight degrees below zero and that the
snow is eight inches deep. Hood
River and Oregon weather will certain.
ly look good to me-" says Mrs. Kerr in
her letter.
Mrs. p. S. Davidson left yesterday
afternoon for Portland, where she will
spend Thanksgiving with Mr.. David.
son, who is at the Portland Surgical
hospital recovering from recent oper-
alton. MIR. Davidson is now gaining
strength and will be able to come home
for Christmas holidays it is expected.
M. A. Rawson, who makes Hood
River frequently for the Blumaer-
Frank Drug Co., of Portland, presented
local friends last week with packages
of Thompson Seedless raisins grown on
his ranch in the San Joaquin valley, of
California. MIR. Rawson harvested his
first crop of raisins this year.
Mrs. Elizabeth Raymond, her many
friends will be glad to learn, is recov-
ering nicely from recent operation at
The Dalles. Mrs. Raymond was re-
moved Monday afternoon from The
Dalles to the home of her sister, Mrs.
Abbie J. Mills, going the next day to
the home of her daughter, Mrs. Miles
Carter.
On December 8 the Congregational
Ladies Aid will hold their annual ba-
zaar at the church, opening at 80
with a cafeteria lunch, which will con-
tinue until one o'clock. Ice cream.
cake and coffee will be served during
the dlttTHU5U. HE 10 koou etulC ~
do your Christmas shopping. Don't
miss it. Mrs. Geo. Howe, Sec.
Hood River people remember recent
ly having read of the daring robbery Of
a Chicago cafeteria by taxi-bandits
Donald Nickelsen, son of Mr.. and Mrs.
]. R. Nickelsen. who is attending Rush
Medical College in Chicago. was at the
restaurant at the time the bandit en-
tered the place. He has sent to his
family clipping from Chicago paper
telling of how the daring robbery ex-
cited the whole of the Windy City.
l.. W. Cannon returned last weei
from business trip to Heppner ant
other eastern Oregon points. 81 have
never seen the like OF wheat as saw
it heaped up along the railway track il
Morrow county," says MIR. Cannon
1.-The warehouses, just as our frui
storage plants here, are filed to over
flowing, and ricks of sacked wheat, lik'
piled up cordwood. extend for grea
distances along the track. II tn
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1916-11-30
EXCHANGE TO ROUTE
APPLE SPECIAL

With New York city it's destination.
one of the most unique fruit trains ever
routed from the mid Columbia district
will leave here Sunday evening. The
apple special, cars of which are now
being loaded by the Fruit Growers Ex-
change. will consist of from 16 to 20
box cars, an average of about 1000
boxes to the car. False floors have
been laid in the cars and heavy layers
of tarred paper will line roof and sides.
Each car will be equipped with coke
burning stove, the pipes of which will
be extended through the sides of the
cars. A Special crew of five men will
be in charge of the special.
The entire trainload of fruit will 90
to fill orders for apples that are al
ready sold. The shipment will consist
of the three grades, extra fancy. fancy
and G grade. The apples have been
sold at a price ranging from 80 cents
for the c grade product up to $3.50 for
the extra fancy. Kenneth Mckay says
that the average price will reach about
81. 25 per box, and the total value sof
the special trains cargo will be almost
$25. 900,
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1916-11-30

Commercial Printing at Glacier office,
The Hood River glacier. (Hood River, Or.) 1889-1933, 1916-11-30
MIR. HANNUM OFFERS
SITE TO MAZAMAS

County Commissioner Hannum. re-
elected to Office on November z, is 81
years of age. MIR. Hannum is a native
of Guernsey county. Ohio. His young
manhood days we're spent in the middle
west. He has been on the Pacific coast
for the past IL years, having first set
tied in Los Angeles, Calf. Ten years
ago he went to Portland. In 1907 he
homesteaded place in the Upper Val
ley. He has long been engaged in con-
struction work and the general con-
tracing business.
MIR. Hannum was one of the moving
spirits among Upper Valley people, who
have worked to secure new and easy
way to the foot of Cooper's spur. This
new road has already been partially
completed.
Z MIR. Hannum. who left Tuesday for
Portland, will renew an offer made this
summer to the Mazamas, Oregon's 8
mountain climbing organisation. to give
them an acre of land on his Homestead
for q permanent clubhouse. The plot
offered is ideally situated in virginia.
forest and with adequate water for do
mestic puposes at hand.