davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washburn leader., 1916-03-17

FARMERS AND HIoHwAvs.

= Farming is a business, and.
= like any other business man. the
= farmer must consider the impor-
= tant problem Of transportation.
= Unfortunately farmers are fore
. ed to move their crops when the
. roads will permit
= Good roads not only enable the
= farmer to take advantage of ia
= vorable conditions In disposing
= Of his crops, but reduce the cost
= Of hauling at least two-thirds,
= according to competent authori-
= ties.
= They also have a direct bear
= ing upon the cost Of living,
= which Is a most important con-
= sideration for the consumer. We
= frequently hear Of the low cost
= Of living in Europe in normal
= conditions, and when we .consid-
= er that our average cost Of haul
= ing per ton mile is Is cents.
= compared with 8 cents to II
= cents in Europe, we realize that
4 we are paying heavy tribute
= to bad roads. A reduction In
+ the cost of transportation means
4. lowering the market price.
= Also the supply Of farm prod
= ucts, which generally determines
= their market price, depends upon
. the condition of the country
. roads. A shortage sends the
= prices soaring, and the consumer
\ must dig deep into his pocket to
= make the purchases. NJ. WILL
4 liams.
The Washburn leader., 1916-03-17
Flemish sausaoes,

These sausages are different from
other kinds. and they are made in the
following way: Take a pound of beef.
q pound Of pork, . pound Of back fat
(pork), half an ounce Of brown sugar.
q pinch of saltpeter. an ounce OF
salt, an eighth Of an ounce Of ground
pimento and q quarter Of an ounce
of pepper. Mince the meat up finely.
also the fat, add the seasoning. let It
stand for q few hours. then add pint
Of water In which quarter Of an
ounce Of strong tea has been infused.
mix up well and oil into skins. or It
can be made into little balls as large
% walnuts. They are cooked on the
stove and served for tea.
The Washburn leader., 1916-03-17
EARTH ROADS IN KANSAS.
Movement 70 Surface Thorn With Dur.
able Materials.

Movement TO Surface Thsm With Dur
able Materials.
That more cities in Kansas have
paved their streets with first class ma
terials during the last five years than
in any other state in the Union is the
assertion Of w. 8. Gearhart, state
highway engineer. ''These cities be-
gan their work." says Mr.. Gearhart.
"by paving one or two blocks in the
business districts and extending opera
tions until in many places practically
all Of the streets have been paved.
The most natural, practical and logical
development Of this system will be the
extension Of these paved highways out
into the country. Indeed. many coun-
ties are making definite plans for such
radiating system Of roads
During the last five years Kansas
has built and has been maintaining the
finest system Of earth roads in the
world, but about ten months ago the
bottom dropped OUT and the most
important dimension Of these high
ways has been their depth. The
weather conditions in 1913 and 1914
were favorable for the maintenance Of
earth roads. and many Kansans began
to think that properly graded earth
roads would answer any purpose.
However. 1t is now clearly evident
that II these main roads radiating from
market centers and connecting cities
are to be maintained in the eastern
part Of the state as 1896 day highways
it will be necessary to surface them
with more permanent materials than
puddled earth.
Eastern Kansas is especially adapt
ed to general farming and dairying.
and a system Of first class highways
leading to the market centers is one Of
the first essentials in the successful
carrying out of this type Of farming.
"The kind Of road to construct In
any locality depends essentially upon
two things-namely, the kind of sur
facing material available In that com.
munity and the kind and amount Of
trafic for which the road is being
built. i
Choosing the type Of road for a To-
cality should be done by an expert en-
gineer, while the construction of the
road should be placed under the super
vision Of q corps Of expert engineers
who have been given the power to get
results" #as5E
The Washburn leader., 1916-03-17
THAT KITCHEN STOVE.

How 20 Build coaI Fire Without Re.
sorting TO Strong Language.
Before starting to build a fire free
the CRATE from ashes. To do this put
on covers, close the front and back
dampers and open the oven damper.
Turn the crate, and ashes will fall into
the ash receiver. II these rules are not
followed ashes will fly over the room.
Turn the crate back into place, remove
the covers over firebox and cover the
crate with pieces Of paper twisted in
the center and left loose at the ends.
Cover the paper with small sticks or
pieces Of pine wood, being sure that
the wood reaches the end Of the fire.
box and 10 arranged that IL viii admit
air. Over pine wood arrange hard
wood; then sprinkle with two shovels
Of coal Put on cover. open all closed
dampers, strike match and apply un-
der the crate and you have a fire.
When It gets to burning well put on a
sprinkle Of coal After the gas has
burned out close up most all Of the
dampers, leaving a little opening on
the slide Of door where you remove
ashes, and that makes a draft to keep
the fire burning. II you shut it all up
your fire would 60 out. Never allow
the firebox to be more than three.
fourths filed. When full 1t checks the
draft. A large amount Of fuel is con-
sumed and much heat is lost. Coal
when red hot has lost most of its heat.
Some refuse to believe this and insist
upon keeping dampers open until most
Of the heat has escaped into the chin
ney. 4W.8 .t
The Washburn leader., 1916-03-17
MILLIONS WASTED ON ROADS
Lack Of Intelligent System Has Caused
BIG Leakage.

Lack Of Intelligent System Has Caused
Big Leakage.
Millions Of dollars have been wasted
on road building because there has
been no continuity of purpose. no CO
ordination of management, no central
ization of control In the work. accord
ing to the American Highway associa-
ton. The plan pursued, so far as
there has been any plan. has been Of
the higgledy y-piggledy, here little.
there a little order, and with generally
disappointing results. The national
government does not exercise any ad-
ministrative control over public roads
except those built on government res
ervations, and until recently the states
took no direct part in the construction
Of improved roads. which for nearly
half a century were controlled and
financed by the county or by subdivi-
sions Of the county. SO that the public
road which should be operated for the
benefit of all the people was in fact
nothing more or better than "a purely
local utility" .,.s.s.... .s,.a,., ....,...-..
OVW0 " tu0 VASSSuS tAAAC 0OOuS wv
600 miles Of improved highways have
been constructed under the immediate
direction Of the several state highway
departments. In 1914 the states ex-
pended In round numbers $50O00,O 600
for road purposes, and in 1915 the ap-
propriations available for this work
amounted to about SIS, 100000. In ad-
dition. the local expenditures aggregat-
ed about $780, 200. 900 in 1914. In 1904
the total amount expended BY the
states, counties and townships for road
.puEpsses> In the United States amount
ed to about $50 900. In the course
Of ten years the expenditures on this
account nearly trebled. That there is
not more to show for 1t is due to the
lack Of intelligent and responsible sys-
tenn In the planning and building Of
the roads. In the states that have
adopted the policy Of centralized state
management the largest percentage Of
improved highways is to be found.
Massachusetts heads the list with 51.7
per cent Of improved highways. Ohio
follows with 33.8 per cent, New Jersey
takes third place with 3O.3 per cent,
New York is fourth in order with 27.9
per cent, and Connecticut is 6fth with
262per cent improved roads. All these
states have had state highway depart
ments for more than ten years.
The Washburn leader., 1916-03-17

shaft, run through them, the ends be.
ing used for hauling it over the road
way by means Of q special built frame
and tongue for team Of horses. The
weight Of the boiler was sufficient to
pack very loose soil to make q solid
roadbed.-Popular Mechanics.
The Washburn leader., 1916-03-17
%>~4+>>%%%%%>>x%1
ROADS FOR PREPAREDNESS.

The European war should teach
, this country more lessons than
, ons, but one of the most obvious
: and the most needed u the les
, son Of good roads.
We have no immense standing
: army. We have few. forts. Our
, coast defenses. are limited and
would be practically impotent
, against a general and concerted
, attack. Our navy can be at but
one place at a time, and we have
; the longest coast line Of any ma.
, ton in the world, some 1900
, miles Of salt water. But give us
, the means 6 putting men In
great numbers on either coast
, with facility, give US the Lincoln
, highway completed, hard surfac-
}, ed, connecting the metropolis Of
], our east coast with that Of our
, western shores, and give US q
system Of roads such as Europe
can boast and our boundaries are
as safe as though they were
) bristling with forts and eighteen
Inch guns.-Philadelphia Record.
The Washburn leader., 1916-03-17
c,nvlets "a llIinei. H;ahwax.

OOUvt0W IN sUuOsO sSS0uWoys
Fifty cOnvicts from the southern iii.
nois penitentiary are building q high.
way from Ava. Jackson county, to the
Mississippi river. No guards were sent
with the convicts. and the officer In
charge Is unarmed. Each prisoner ID
allowed one day OF his sentence for
every two days worked on the roads.
Citizens Of Ava and vicinity contrib.
-uted $500 toward the maintenance Of
ithe convict camp.
The Washburn leader., 1916-03-17

How to Clean tho Tjlss That A.
eniudsy and Dull. .is ss
Often the tiles III 4 hearth become
q stained that water win not clean
them. Try rubbing them with = piscs
|pf q dannel soaked in turpentine: then
wash them with dry cloth. The stilss
VIII then look fresh and new. NJ ss'S
The Washburn leader., 1916-03-17

vest a pointed tunic, snug cuffs and .
banded skirt are all good points This
model will be beautiful in any Of the
novelty tafetas.
The Washburn leader., 1916-03-17
How to Mend China Not smashsd IN
Too Many Pieces.

A splendid cement for china is made
as follows: Into a thick solution Of
gum arabic and water stir thoroughly
plaster. Of paris until the mixture is Of
the consistency Of cream. Apply with
q brush to the broken edges Of the
china and join together. In three days
the article cannot be broken in the
same place. The whiteness Of the ce.
ment also adds to its value.
The Washburn leader., 1916-03-17
Road Roller Mad. Of . Boiler.

Road Roller Made Of Boiler.
One Of the old style boilers without
an attached flre box or an upright one
makes fine road roller. In building
roads In southern state one of these
boilers was used. A hole was drilled
through the center Of each head and a
The Washburn leader., 1916-03-17
New Autol olimdiIsb sbils MiahvvaIyli..

59 New Autsnsbiss tlishway.
III construction Of an automobile
highway from Wichita Falls tQ Fort
worth. slh. IL rex..' IS Z distance Of about 100
naiiss, wfllsfbe starred soon. according
. psins now being made BY those 81
terested.
The Washburn leader., 1916-03-17
FOR HousEwEAR.

A Froek 40 Appropriate For the Homo
a. Tie Smart.
Striped tanfeta in gray and sage
green gives this charming result. Sur
plice waist over q white embroidered
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-04-01
LITTLE NEW YORK STORIES
 BY A BIRMINGHAM MAN
By ALLEN GRIFFIN JOHNSON

in the best homes, and then he was told that line of demarkation should be made somewhere.
 Where would you make it?" he asked.
 Why" was the answer. T think the kitty should be the line"
 What Is a kitty?'"
 "The kitty sir," was respectfully stat ed, ''buys all the drinks and cigars for the poker party"
 You mean if a certain party wins?"
 No matter who wins. sir
 Then, to save me, can't see that the kitty has anything whatever to do with gambling-no sir, poker is a gentleman s game and q social pastime. Release the prisoner"
 See that Boze Bulger thinks Irv Cobb greater humorist than Mark Twain. Whats he trying to do-compete as a humorist with both of them?
 Congressman Jeff Levy has just told us that this city is absolutely defenseless; that shells could be dropped into City Hall park without danger to the shelters. Well, nobody lives in City Hall park. Let 'em fall there.
 Since the edict went forth to ventilate the movie theatres it is necessary to keep ones overcoat on in most of them
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-04-01
LETTERS TO EDITOR
Criticizes the Italians

To the Editor of The Herald:
 "venice again bombarded.' Why all this sickly sentimentality about Euro pean show places? The life of one hu- man being is worth more than all of the cathedrals of Europe pt together. What strange transformation has come over the press of this country. Hardly daily paper, prior to the war, that didn't have something to say about Italian anarchists, black hanus and mafia. Now that nation of beggars suddenly becomes so important that leading dailies of our country print the war news in the Italian language. Had Italy any excuse for entering the war,
 The claim that Lord Northcliffe con trols IS of our leading daily papers is apparently true, and it is plain to see that the press of the smaller cities are trailers. Be a real American, MT, Editor. Think it over and be convinced that you are the victim of the Brit ish advertising bureau"
 J. C. M'CARTY.
 The Tutwiler, Birmingham, March SC, 1916.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-04-01
Miss Cahalan First Principal

To the Editor of The Age-Herald:
 In your Sunday edition of March i9 there is an interesting sketch of the oldest School in Birmingham, the lowell School" I was surprised to find a rather glaring inaccuracy therein contained.
 The school was, founded, as st~ted in 1874. but the first principal Was not, as stated. pr. Phillips. who came to our city some nine years later; that is, in 1883. The late lamented Miss Mary A. Cahalan, whose statue, erect ed by public subscription, graces Cap itol park, was the first principal. She held that position till her death.
 In the interest of accuracy, I, as an old citizen. feel called on to di- rect your attention to the error of the writer of the article, at the same tima expressing surprise that others have rot before this called attention to the same. Sincerely, ANTON SPEAKER.
 Birmingham. 1924 Fourth avenue North March 23, 1916.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-04-01
KEEN INTEREST IN
 SEWANEE BANQUET ON MONDAY NIGHT
Bishop GailOr of Tennessee Will Be Guest of Honor and Principal Speaker-No Subscription to
 Be Taken at Banquet


 Tho keenest interest among the alumni of Sewanee and the members of the Epis- copal church is being taken in the ban quet which is to be given at the Tutwiler Monday night. The Rt. Rev. Thomas W. Gailor, bishop of Tennessee is to be the guest of honor and principal speaker. Other prominent speakers who will attend are Bishop A. w. Knight, vice chan cellor of the University of the South; John Howe Peyton, president of the Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis railroad; Robert c. Aston of Atlanta and Robert Jemison, Jr., of Birmingham. It was anonunced positively yesterday by H. G. Seibels, who is the toastmaster of the banquet, that no subscriptions for Se- vance would be taken at the dinner Mon- day night.
 We simply want to get the alumni of Sewanee and the leaders in the Episcopal church together, and let them learn of the great work which the University of the South is doing.' said MT. Sebels yes terday. There will be no subscriptions taken, and we want everyone to under stand that matter This is simply get together meeting, and the matter of rais- ing funds for the school will not come up Monday night"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-04-01
ALL TRAINS WERE RACING IN FOG ID
 MAKE UP LOST TIME
Testimony at Investigation of Amherst Wreck Tends to Show Block Signal
 System Is Defective

Cleveland, O., March 31.-Testimony that all three of the trains were racing through dense fog in an effort to make up lost time and that the block signal system of the road was defective fea- tured today's joint investigation by the interstate commerce commission into the wreck at Amherst, O., Wednesday, in which two sections of the New York Centrars Chicago-Pittsburg Limited and the Twentieth Century Limited crashed together with the loss of 29 lives.
 c. F. Adams, prosecuting attorney of Lorain county, is attending the hearings to ascertain if criminal negligence can be charged against the road or any of its employees.
 Albert H. Ernst, the young signal towerman, upon whom some of the rail- road officials at first placed the blame. denied that he was asleep or even sleepy by reason of a long watch at the bed side of his sick wife. "The signals failed to work" Ernst said, and explained how he applied the levers on the occasion of the wreck, supplementing his testimony with instances of where the signals had failed to work on former occasions.
 F. E. Bausch, night dispatcher at Cleve- land, testified that the block signal sys- tenn had frequently been found defective, especially during storms.
 Bausch said that all three of the trains were running behind their schedules, and that the first section of train No. S6, the Chicago-Pittsburg Limited, had reduced iy1rt fn yuO minutes in the run from Toledo to near Amherst.
 M D. Fleckner another signal tower man, testified as to previous trouble with the block signal system. There had been numerous times last winter, he said, when the signals failed to work.
 IS NOT PERMISSIBLE
 w. H. Belknap, for the interstate com merce commission, asked Bausch if it was permissible for trains to make up as much time as these trains were mak- ing up through the fog.
 Tt Is not" Bausch replied.
 Herman Hess, engineer of the second section of train Mo- S6, said he got a white" signal just before the crash at Amherst. He said he first noticed the fog as his train approached Amherst and that the target lights got dinner and dimmer.
 He said he was running ahead of sched- ule to bring the train into Cleveland on time.
 Did you walk back to the signal after the wreck?'
 "Yes, about an hour afterward. And I found the block up in the stop posi- tion.''
 A. w. Leonard, engineer on the first section of No. S6 testified the first block signal west of Amherst showed the green caution light, and that the light in the home block, in front of the tower, was red, calling him to stop. He had been stopped three minutes before the crash, he said. The inquiry will be re- sUmed tomorrow.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-04-01
DANIELS URGES THAT
 MORE ATTENTION BE
 PAID TO THE PACIFIC
tcontinued from Page One,

for the chief of operations and fixing his powers by law on an equality with those of chiefs of bureaus.
 In connection with the building pro- gramme, MT. Daniels made public the fa- nous report of the general board in 19O3 which set a continuous building policy for the navy for the first time and aimed at a battleship fleet of 4S by 1921. If it lad been approved, he said. the United States navy would have reached second place among the powers of the world and remained there.
 The board proposed that the fleet built and authorized should be composed as fol- lows by 1919: Battleships, 4S; armored cruisers, 24; protected cruisers, 4S; scout cruisers. 4S; destroyers. AS; gunboats 6 additional. In addition the following aux diaries were recommended for each squadron of eight battleships Five col Hers, one ammunition ship, one supply ship, one repair ship, one tank ship, two transports and one hospital ship.
 ANNUAL PROGRAMME
 As an annual building programme. the board proposed two battleships, one ar
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-04-01
BEsSEMER NEWS

Bessemer, March 31.-(Special. .)-The baseball teams of the Tennessee Coal. Iron and Railroad company. which were organized last year, were under the di- rection of the health department. but this year it is understood that the social and welfare department will have them in charge, and as Miss Marion Whid den IS superintendent of this department, she will be the president of the eight teams forming the league. This is quite a distinction. There have been numbers of women to own baseball teams and manage them, but this is the first time league of eight teams will have a wom- an at the head of affairs. Miss Whidden is an expert in the line of work she con- trols and the season promises to be a very successful one. The representatives of the eight clubs will meet in few days and plan the work for the coming season.
 Earl Davis, a negro, was arrested to- day by Detectives c. Ross and Fitzpatrick on charge of burglary and grand lar ceny. It is alleged that the man en- tered the Croker Barber shop. on Nine- teenth street, between First and Sec ond avenues, last night and stole several razors and other things. He will be given hearing in recorders court tomorrow morning. Allen Sweeney, negro. was given hearing this morning before Judge Lewis and was fined $1O, including costs, on a charge of larceny. The man was arrested by Officer Thomas and was hn k- cry. Jerry Howard, also colored, was arrested this morning by Detective C.. Ross and Fitzpatrick, charged with the same crime, and a trunk containing a large amount of sugar, butter, eggs. lard, bread and cakes were found. The stu1I has been identified as belonging to the bakery and the Howard negro will be tried Saturday morning.
 William Rose McAdory camp Of Con federate Veterans will meet at the city hall Saturday morning at Il o'clock, at which time delegates will be selected to attend the reunion in Birmingham ana number of other important matters will
 be considered by that body. All members
 are urged tof be present
 The Besselner High school baseball team lwas defeated this afternoon by the team | from Morgan by a score or 10 to on the rolling mill diamond, on Fifth avenue. The local nine played splendid game and had the contest won until the last half of the eighth inning, when Charlie Martin hit for two bases and was fol- lowed by DedericlS Martin for single l and Lee Martin came to bat and hit the I ball over the creek for home-run, win- ming the game for Morgan The Besse-
 mer aggregation has gone to Centreville, where they will play the Centreville High l school there tomorrow . The three-act comedy drama en-
 titled, "Hearts and Diamonds which
 was presented at the Brighton high
 school auditorium tonight by the
 Brighton, School Dramatic club, was
 one of the best amateur performances
 ever given in this city and was great ly enjoyed by large and appreciativt
 crowd. The leading roles were taken ! by Miss Ethel Bruce and Murphy Far
 ley, both of whom displayed excep.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-04-01

tional ability. The other members of the cast were we'll chosen and were as follows: Miss Lola Farr, Miss Bertha Bruce, Miss Ethel Jones, Miss Rosal1e Peguss, Charlie Morrison, Clydes Waites, Boles Pegues, Bliss Cooper and Frank Hall. The performance was under the direction of Mrs. Tom Daw- son.
 Preparations have been completed for the serving of dinner and turkey supper Saturday in the vacant store next to the D. l.. Huey Furniture com pany on Third avenue between Nine- teenth and Twentieth streets by the Sunday school class of Mrs. G. G. Neal of the First Methodist church.
 A large crowd gathered at the Woodmen hall in Jonesboro tonight when the Pine Forest grove No. 71. woodmen Circle, held meeting and 12 candidates were initiated. The work was put on by the Banner Grove circle of Birmingham, under the direction of Mrs. Holloway of Montgomery. the state manager.
 Much interest is being manifested in the baseball game which will be played Saturday afternoon when the Brighton high school team will meet the team from Boyles. This Is the first game of the season for the Brighton boys and they expect to come out victorious.
 GwyIym Herbert and little son. VII liam Herbert, of Florida are the guests of his father, William Herbert, on Seventeenth street.
 J. H. Edwards has returned from Denver, where he has been the guest of his family.
 w. D. Taylor. Jr., has returned from a business trip through Florida.
 The many friends of w. S. Eidge will be pleased to learn that he fs able to sit up after long illness at his home on Fourth avenue.