davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-16
NYNMMECHOES RON THE ECE FLOWER S4OW

elder, Golden Leaved; forsythia or
Golden Bell; hydrangea. Arborescens;
hydrangea, p. O.: lilacs. assorted;
SNOWFALL, comment: spirea. Billiard;
spirea, Van Houttei: syringa. common I;
syrinsa, golden; weigela. Eva Rathke;
weigela, Rosea.
Japanese irises will he benefited by
occasional doses Of liquid manure
Three applications in two weeks VIII
not be too much.
March IL three days before h hrst
day of spring, was the coolest day of
winter, with one exception, and the
coolest March IS in forty-five years.
The temperature in New York state
was from 10 to 20 degrees below zero.
Here are a dozen good ANIMALS to
be grown from seed. to provide flowers
TO make a show in the garden and
to supply cut flowers: Sweet sultan.
blue cornfower. c~larkias. double lark
spur. Coreopsis speciosa, dwarf sun
flower, godetia, m%ignonette. sweet
peas, R%udbeckia bicolor, double ia
cob@as and helichrysum. All may be
sown where they are to flower.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-16

able. tampins Il down in three or four
inch layers. II possible. spread . lit
tie gravel or sand v the new MI,
which should be made slightly higher
than the adjoining road surface. II
the drainage IL kept In good cond;-
ton serious mud holes will rarely
develop.
Earth or gravel roads are best
treated with a drag. Do not be afraid
of dragging too often during the rainy
spell. A thin coat Of sand OF gravel
spread over the road surface when It
has been softened by rain will be
worked In by traffic. A liberal use Of
the drag greatly improves a poor earth
road.
Sand roads give least trouble during
wet weather. Anything that will pre-
vent the free movement Of the sand
particles OH these roads will be valu.
able. The addition Of clay furnishes a
good binder on sandy roads and IL
really the best treatment.
Immediate attention to small In
juries on roads will prevent later pro-
longed attention and extensive repairs.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-16

would be the sole occupants. no matter
II It had fifty compartments. =
THE bluebird IL also q 'scrapper'
but not 30 pugnacious a. the little
wren. The bluebird lays I'VE eggs
and raises two broods q year. The
house wren lays from six to eight eggs
and raises two or three broods a year.
The purple martin lays Ave or six eggs
and raises one brood a year. The Eng
fish sparrow lays from four to six eggs
and will raise a brood every six weeks
through the spring and m The
European starting lays five eggs and
raises W. brOods a year.
II place my bird houses on top OF
yellow locust posts. about six inches
In diameter and about twelve feet
above ground. and at the foot plant
roses. Dorothy Perkins. pink and
white. also crimson ramblers. thus
making the posts serve a double pur-
pose. Birds will And the houses IL
placed in trees. although for the pur-
pie martin It Is better to place them
away from trees and in fully exposed
places. Also they should be consider
ably elevated: twenty feet or more
would not be too high"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-16
MARCH AND APRIL PRIZE
AWARDS.

Five prizes were offered each month
for the best letters received during
February. March and April. First
prize, SIS worth Of seeds. plants or
trees. selected at retail prices from the
catalogue OF n dealer advertising in
THE Sun. Second prize, $40 worth
of goods OF tho same kind. TO be Sc
lccted in the same ann Third
prize. $3.50 worth, to he selected in
the same manner Fourth and NTH
prizes. S. each. to be selected in the
same manner.
February awards:
G.. s. Olmsted. Towaco. N. j.. first
prize.
Godfrey ogren. Hartford. Conn, sec
ond prize.
Ella Porter Mckinney, Madison,
y. j., third prize.
Belle Maltby. New York city. fourth
prize.
Mrs. Wilson G. Smith. Lakewood
Ohio. fifth prize.
March awards:
Arthur c. Clapp, Tompkinsville, n
Y. FIRST prize.
Mrs. Mary e. Stowell. P~lainaeld
y. j.. second prize.
Emile r. Walter, Richville, N. Y.
third prize.
Walter e. Boyd. Red Bank. N. j.
fourth prize.
NJ. s. Duncan. Brooklyn. N. r. hftf
prize.
April awards will be made early ir
May.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-16
MY CR0CUS BED.

About ten years ago In the fall In
our lawn in a city in southern New
England two hundred crocus bulbs
were set out. but that fall was fol-
lowed by a very severe winter. n
in the spring. when a riot OF blossoms
was expected all TO be seen were two
poor little plants with a leaf or two
each which came up for two or three
springs but never a blossom.
Not discouraged. however, the mex
fall when the bulbs were planted a
he'd about ten feet long and four wide
was made and covered during the
winter with a thick mat OF oak leaves
To keep out the frost. The flowers
have amply repaid the little trouble
Peach fall Of lightly sprinklirg fertil-
yer over the bed and then covering it
with leaves.
Early springs the little star crocuses
pea by the first Of March, fairly
| pushing their way through the crust
| ot snow and leaves. yer blossoming
nyly during a late snowstorm. Thcr
come the trumpet shaped crocuses. and
by that time the bed Is a gorgeous
| blanket Of color. Of all shades OF vel
'ow. deep and light purple. white and
'avender and also varigated blooms
While II Is n Joy TO us II Is also a
| pleasure to many who make spec!a
trips every spring to sec them. Cro-
uses last. from the first stars to the
end OF the trumpets. about two weeks
aud no flower will give more comfort
Any pleasant day while they last can
nc heard the happy drone OF the honey
| bees. which hang owe them in clouds
letting ore know that they appreciate
the bed and their instinct tells then
when the first spring flowers come
Last Christmas Day the leaves were
scraped away around the edges o.
the bed and over sixty additional bulb.
planted. They have eve been takei
up as n does tulip bulhs and the,
certainly are wonders. some Of then
measuring nearly Ave inches in height
/ Therefore for a gladstone sight
recommend q crocus bed.-katharin'
&. Blake.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-16
DISTINCTION OF SEED POTA.
TOES.

The treatment Of seed potatoes with
formaldehyde or with corrosive sub-
Innate has been recommended for
many years as a preventive Of scab
and other diseases carried on the
tubers.
Such treatment IL. on the whole
profitable. but has several limitations
which should he clearly recognized to
prevent disappointment. according to
the specialists Of the United States
Department Of Agriculture. Only sur
face infections are reached by this
method. II is only partially effective
against deep pits Of common scab.
Formaldehyde is less effective than
corrosive sublimate against the black
solerotia or resting bodies OF rhizoc-
tonia or russell scab and against
powdery scab. Neither chemical as
ordinarily used will destroy silver
scurf.
The f~ormaldehyde treatment con-
sists in soaking the potatoes. before
cutting. for two hours in a solution
made by adding one pint Of formalde-
hyde to 80 gallons OF water. h So
luton can be used repeatedly.
Corrosive sublimate IL used at the
rate OF IL 900 for 1ia to . hours. Dis
solve two ounces Of tho salt In hot
water and dilute 20 Is gallons. This
is a deadly poison. Use with great
care. II must also he kept in wood.
porcelain or glass vessels. as 1t attacks
metal. It Is more effective than for
maldehyde. particularly against rhizoc-
,onia and powdery scab. Do not use
the same solution more than three
times. as the strength diminisheS with
each lot OF potatoes soaked.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-16
BRINGING BACK THE BIRDS.

W. 4. Mead. a florist. Of Carmel.
y, V, in a letter published in "A trade
paper. says:
For ear have maintained n
goodly number of bird houses for III"
use of my little feathered friends and
every year am Obliged to put up more
to accommodate new tenants.
There seems to he a wrong impress
sion in regard to the number of species
of birds that will occupy bird houses
So far as | know, there are but five,
namely, bluebird. house wren. purple
martin. house or English sparrow and
European starting, the first three being
native. and the last I'VE introduced
species. The bluebird and house wren
are among III commonest birds. while
the purple martin Is rather rare. Our
Uncle Sam and New York State hav2
declared that both the English spar
row and the European starting are un-
desirable foreigners and may be killed
ut any time. ! am sorry. for I like
them both, especially the latter. and
] am led to think that both have n lot
of good qualities and no doubt a few
bad ones"
This Is precisely the result OF our
observations. Even the crows and
blackbirds. so generally despised by
farmers and gardeners. we believe dc
more good than harm. The small wild
animals were created for a purpose
and II Of no other value add interest
to any country place.
"Thc bird houses ! have are small
but their occupants seem happy. They
are wooden boxes about s inches wide,
4 inches high and 10 inches long
the boards forming top and bottom X
tending over the front, or entrance,
about 6 inches. This serves to keep
out the rain and provides the birds a
place tn alight before entering the
house. These small houses are plenty
large enough for n pair OF birds OF
any species ! have named.
"EXcepting for show, I am not very
strong on the colony house idea; only
a. n home for the purple martin,
These birds belong to the swallow
family. and II Is their nature to breed
in colonies. hence. n bird house with
many compartments is to their liking
Moreover, they are not quarrelsome
and seem to live In perfect harmony
DO not expect several different spe-
'cirs of birds to occupy the same house
no matter how large. The little house
wren Is a born fighter, Although no,
much larger than your thumb, he will
whip n bird twenty times his size
no should a pair Of these birds take pos,
session Of Q large bird house, thsy
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-16
WANT BEDDING Combinations.

with the first warm days Of spring
most women are eager to get outdoors.
Spring cleaning can wait a few days
when women want to dig or rearrangc
the garden.
There are several kinds of women
who love flowers. There is the oma
who does not like to soil her hands.
although she loves flowers. whom I
call the Florist Flower Woman. let
her buy her flowers. but she does not
get n of mine. Then there is the
woman who does her digging with a
trowel. She never will have a gar
den. but as she enjoys herself and the
fresh air. SC I will not interfere.
II is the woman who digs with a
spade. the woman who knows just
where each of her plants Is. who can
brush aside the loose dry leaves that
have covered her plants over the win
ter. and find the first green leaves Of
the delphiniums and the bright tips
Of the peonies. the chestnut brown Of
the astilbe. to whom / appeal. AS
each plant Is uncovered she feels again
tile thrill as when the snowdrops and
crocuses were first discovered.
Jumps uIiu ~ "
but they do not steal into ones afYec-
lions like the snowdrops. and
scillas.
l would like the women who garden
with the spade to tell some Of the
pretty combinations of flowers they
grow.
l managed two lovely combinations
last year: one for spring was a short
border, thirty inches BY ten feet, OF
German iris and Oriental poppies. TIL
| poppies were the old fashioned bright
red: the iris were La Tendresse. a
lovely shade of pale blue. also a light
yellow iris. the name OF which has
been lost. The glowing scarlet. the
! gray blue and the yellow made a show
| that vas equal to the cOlored plates In
he seed catalogues.
My other combination was a corner
II pink anemones. Queen Charlotte
mi Desmodium with clumps OF chrys.
lnthemums planted in front, composed
;: crimson rose. autumn glow and tn,
iccp red Indian. This corner con
;ained every shade OF silvery rose e
the darkest crimson. The original cos
vas 1919 for the spring bed and $685.
.or the autumn bed, both growing
more beautiful every year
trust other garden sisters will state
their experiences for the benefit o'
Ithose like myself who wish to improve
their gardens.-.K. V. Harvey. Con
uccticut.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-16

inches long and about ons-quartsr Of
an inch thick at the base. Starting
about an inch and q half from the
base or thick end. bevel IL to Q tapered
edge. Then cut away more wood
from one side Of the edge until the
result shown in sketch 4 u obtained.
Figs. d. + and section F. Refer to Fig.
d. y is the thin edge. Y Is the thick
edge. Fig. + 10 merely q different
view Of the bevelled graft. Fig. +, a
section. shows result desired. Side Of
graft at Y Is thicker and has more
bark left on 1t than side at X. Be sure
to cut the gratis as In sketch 4, as that
Is the real secret In successful graft
Ing.
Sketch s.. Insert graft II in open
ing made by wedge. having the thick
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-16
1915 YEAR BOOK U. s. DEPART.
MENT OF AGRICULTURE.

The 1915 Year Book Of the United
States Department Of Agriculture con-
slsts Of six hundred pages. Among the
more important articles are Cooper
alive Purchase Of Farm Supplies" "a
Successful Rural Cooperative Iaun-
dry" How Engineering May Help
Farm Life" "Some Outstanding Fact
ors in Profitable Farming" "Unproft-
able Acres" How Seed Testing Helps
the Farmer" "Karakul Sheep"
There are also 176 pages devoted to
detail statistics Of the principal crops
In the United States and foreign coun-
tries.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-16
WHAT TREES TO PLANT.

we Wroto several nuTSerymen TOT
their opinion Of the best fruit trees
to plant. the best ornamental trees
and the best ornamental shrubs. Here
is the list prepared by Allen l.. Wood
~ the woodlawn Nurseries. Roches-
ter. y. Y.
You ask the twelve best varieties
Of fruit. apples. peaches. pears and
plums. for home use and market pur-
poses.
In apples for home use We would
advise summer varieties, Yellow Trans
parent. Red A~strachan: fall. Duchess
of o~ldenburg, Wealthy. King. F'ameuse
,Snow): winter. Richardson None
such, Jonathan. Mcintosh Red. North
ern Spy. Tolman Sweet. Winter
Banana.
For market purposes-F'all varieties
Duchess OF Oldenburg. Wealthy; win
ter. Baldwin. Hubhardston Nonesuch,
Spy. II. 7. Greening. Rome Beauty.
Stark, Winter Banana, Wolf River.
Pears for home use Bartlett,
Ciapp's Favorltc, Beurre de Anjou,
duchess, Flemish Beauty. Howell,
Ro-sney, Sheldon. Worden Seckel.
Pears for market purposcs-Clapp's
Favorite. Beurre de .Anjou, Kieffer,
Worden Seckel. Bartlett,
Plums for home use-Abundance,
Bradshaw. Burbank. Fellcnberg, Lom-
bard. Red June. Refine Claude, Ship
pcr's Pride, Shropshire Damson. Wick
son. Woods Improved German Prune,
Yellow Egg.
Plums for market purposes-Abun-
dance. Lombard, RENE. Claude, Shrop-
shire Damson, Woods Improved
German Prune. Burbank.
Peaches for homo use-Carman
Champion, Early Crawford. Hale. FL.
herta. Fitzgerald. Greensboro, Lamont
Late Crawford. Niagara, Woodlawr
Golden, Yellow st. John.
Peaches for market purposes-samc
as for home use.
In small fruit-Gooseberries. Josse,
Ign. Pearl; currants. Fay's Prolific
Red Cross. Improved Cherry: grapes
Brighton. Concord. Niagara. worden;
strawberries. Monroe. Senator Dunlap
Stevens's Late Champion. William Belt
Worlds Wonder; red raspberries. Co
lumbar. st. Regis. Woods Improved
Cuthbert: black nspberries. BLACK
Diamond. Plum Farmer: b~lackberries
Blower. Eldorado: rhubarb. Straw
berry.
You will note that In some varietie.
Of fruit trees I have not given twelve
varieties for market purposes for tho
reason that there are not hat many
varieties that will pay a fruit grower
to raise. The varieties given for mar,
ket purposes are varieties that tn,
large fruit growers Of this State arr
planting to-day. All the varieties
mentioned are very productive and will
bring the highest price on the market
The following In a list of the twenty
best varieties OF ornamental trees ant
shrubs to plapt out in New York State;
these varieties are all adapted to on
soil and climate:
Ornamental Trees-Beech. River.
Purple; Catalpa. Bungeii: chestnut
Japan; crab. Bechtel's Double Flower.
ing elm. American; linden, American,
magnolia, So%ulangeana, magnolia
Speciosa: maple. Ash Leaved; maple
Norway; maple, Silver Leaved; maple
Weir's Gut Leaved: mountain ash
mulberry. Teas Weeping: plum. Pur
pie Leaved; thorn. Paul's New Doubl,
Towering: walnut. English and ia,
pan; maple, Japan Blood Leaved.
Ornamental Shrubs-Almond; bar
berry. Purple Leaved barberry, Thun
berGli: butterfly bush; Cornus Elegan
tissima; Deutxia Candida; Deutzi,
lGracilis; Dsutzia Pride Of Rochester
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-16

edge tf) OF graft outside. Push graft
well down into the opening and match
the bark Of graft AM limb as in sketch
8. The sap flows through h nne
bark Of the limb, and the graft to
row must lie so placed that its bark
and the bark of h limb will match
the sap as 1t rises in the main limb
to flow right into the cells Of the scion
and thus cause II TO grow. Sketch 8
shows quite clearly the relative posi-
tioUs of bark on limb and bark on
scion.
Insert another graft at the other
side or opening IN limb, so that II one
dies. you nave the other remaining. II
both live land they should II set &C.
cording to directions) u OF n OF
them.
After setting both grafts remove the
wedge n the split IN the limo VIII
close. pinching the grafts nrmly. Here
Is where the beVellng on the SIDES OF
the graft Il tnick n - tnih) SHOWS
It's worth. AS the spit IN the iimo
closes IT pinches the thick edge OF the
-rait very hard. This Is the point
where the sap Is oin to how and the
iirmer the grip Is at this point the
better are the chances Tor success, as
the sap. not being able to leak out
this Joint on or the tight nj.
Is forced right into the graft.
Cutting the gratis with this oevel Is
a very important thing n very few
utdcrstahd IL. In ordlhar! srattihs
with plain wedge or chisel point gratis
a large percentage OF the gratis never
start to grow. When the gratis are cut
as above, Sketch No. 4. 1t Is a rare
thing to have ono die.
After the crafts are set In the limb
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-16
GOVERNMENT CROP REPORT.

a summary OF the April crop report
for tho State Of New York and for the
United States Is as follows:
WHEAT.
New York State-Condition April /,
this year. 81 per cent OF normal: ten
year average Of condition figures for
April l. 80 per cent.
United States-Condition April l.,
this year. 1873 per cent: ten year av-
erage April / condition. s7,3 per cent.
New York State-Condition April /.
this year. % per cent: ten year aver
age April I condition. 90 per cent.
United States-Condition April I this
year.. s7.s per cent: ten year average
April ] condition. 500.
Martin King. Jr.. Of Dansville. y.
". editor of Kings Fruit GroWer. says
the Indications are that the planting
Of nursery stock this spring through
out the United States will be far below
tho average Of the past ten years.
The prevailing low prices and slow
sales Of fruit trees has DISCOURAGED
many Of the smaller growers; hun
dreds Of them have quit the business
altogether. II In reasonable to expect
that this, together with the war and
the certainty that French grown seed
lings. the chief source of supply to
nurserymen. will be very scarce for
several years to come. will bring about
IL sharp advance In fruit tree prices
to the planters during the next three
years, It would seem to he the part
of prudence for the far seeing orchard
list to buy his fruit trees this year
while prices are low. rather than wait
until the supply decreases and prices
are soaring skyward.
All Eastern nurserymen have been
requested by the Federal Horticultural
Board OF the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture not to ship white
pines, currants or gooseberrics west
of the following tier Of States: North
Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kan
sas. Oklahoma and Texas. The object
Of this request IL to safeguard the
enormously valuable Western white
pine forests from white pine blister
rust. which has a foothold in six East
ern States and possibly in the Ohio
Valley.
The white pine blister Is a very
destructive disease of all white pines,
but occurs also in different form, as
! . leaf disease. ON currants and goose
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-16

An enterprising nurseryman II out
with an advertisement in which he
asks, Why wait three years for fruit
from your own trees? You can have
luscious apples and pears Immediately
from trees grown in large boxes.
which are easily transplanted, guar
anteed to bear the first year they are
planted. Many people would be glad
TO obtain trees Of this kind. Although
the price must he considerably o
than for ordinary stock the nursery
man deserves credit for his enterprise.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-16

berries. and may therefore be carried
by any Of these plants.
The white pine blister rust and 90
per cent. Of the tree infections now In
North America came from n Ger
man nursery.
Our Western forests Of white pine,
at a very conservative estimate. are
valued mt more than $3.50. O00. 900. and
IL the disease spreads these forests will
be endangered.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-16

Temporary repairs to roads are al
ways expensive and to be avoided as
much az possible. Unusual conditions,
however, often occur. such as tho clos
ing OF a main highway. suddenly
throwing heavy trafic for a short time
on an unimproved byway. In such
cases temporary expedients must he
resorted to.
On clay roads mud holes the
most trouble and any treatment.
whether temporary or permanent.
provide for getting rid Of the
water. The first step therefore 10 to
dig a trench to the side and allow the
mud and water to drain. II necessary.
open side ditch also. Remove all soft
mud left In the mud hole. Fn the
bottom Of the trench with broken
stone or coarse gravel to provide a
drain to prevent further accumula-
ton Of water. Then All the old mud
hole with gravel. II gravel II not
available. use the best earth obtain.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-16
ECHOES OF THE FLOWER SHOW


The Flower Show closed Wednes-
dav night and from an artistic stand
-. -. ...... ,,sn,,u
p
from the cro"ds the a%''enuahce was
ahead of last year. but we have not
received the official report.
n, r,,..a,, Ac-,, 4, ..or,, re-
"
markapie orch'd' q ca'''eya' WIN lou
flowers was exhibited by r. ID. Foote.
Morristown, n. j.; ]. X. Lindbury,
ihcre was ou' ohe o'sp'"s VI 'u'os
arranged as a Dutch garden and the
prize. $3.50. was won BY the John
s,,,,,or. con,anv of Sou yorr
~ i,,,ns pnahr. Comnan, Above
ara nov ers, nri,e q, n ,,as.
~ orch,ds COVERING 900 square feet.
nrohah,, ,ho epes, exh,hi, ~ orchids
a., ,,.,..a -, ,n, .t,r, l., ,,,s oour,r,,
TIC rosa ,rdons Hi.niayoa IN, =, II
psrsor Commune A \ pierson Jpc
,n,,h,r,. &. s,L,n. ana r,,Iius poobr,
Corn.n, coverod . ooO square foe, -,
aonr sn.cc They were wonderfu,,,
h..u,if,,l oxb,hi,s
In rho en-, rosa. c,as. collection
M from ,oo n ., ooO Aouers wore OK.
| bibl,ed and tho chief award was CAP.
,rr.d lao Y piorson Irc
wi,i.m Sim ,riftonaale, Mass. sc.
,,r.a ,h, ,,r,.s, rrmler of award.
IN tho sweet rca class. other nrs,
nrize winner were 4. NJ Jackson
! summit, \ I John NJ. BARKER. Nor.
| ris,nwn \ /. and +. n. E~isenhart
Torresdalc. IA.
-