The log cabin Democrat., 1916-01-08

parts OF the state. The dry weather
which prevailed from May until Au-
gust greatly favored the spread of the
cooling moth. Another insect, the
lesser apple worm or side worm, was
especially bad in 1914. This insect
| bores a hole into the apples starting
at almost any point on the surface
but usually on the side If the worm
penetrates deep it goes straight into
the fruit in whatever direction it may
start. In such cases the hole it leaves
is much smaller than that made by
the cooling moth. Sometimes though,
the side worm penetrates only quar-
ter or half an inch and then burrows
out quite large cavity. Again bur
rows may be made along near the
surface, sometimes just through the
skin or little deeper. This is the
way the insect works on the fruit in
cellar storage and sometimes even in
cold storage if the temperature is not
kept constantly around the freezing
point.
In 1913 five cooperative orchards
were sprayed by the University of
Missouri Sixteen demonstrations
were held attended by 1875 people One
demonstration orchard returned an
average net profit of $161.12 per acre
due to spraying.
In 1914 twenty orchards were
sprayed, or supervised, and between
seventy-fve and one hundred demon
STATIONS held. Several orchards
showed net profit, due to spraying,
of $500 to $500 per acre
Each demonstration orchard was
sprayed from two to four times.
Neighboring orchard owners were al
ways invited to attend the demonstra-
tons. Between $50 and 200 interested
growers followed the spraying opera
tons throughout the season, and OBJ
served the results at harvest time.
At almost every point where a
demonstration orchard was located,
from one to dozen farmers were
regularly advised about the manage
ment of their fruit trees and vines
Directly and indirectly. between $50
and 800 orchard owners were under
the immediate influence of the Uni
versity of Missouri
With one exception all of the dem
onstration orchards were sprayed dur
ing the spring and summer with the
two standard solutions, bordeaux
mixture and lime sulphur to control
diseases. with arsenate of lead added
to poison the insects.
The dry or powder form of arsenate
of lead appeared to give as good re-
results as the paste when used in
half the quantity by weight. The
powder costs approximately twice as
much per pound as the paste.
While bordeaux mixture is a reli-
able fungicide for all preventable or
chard diseases, it is a hazardous ma
terial to use for the calyx spray, espe-
cially on varieties of the Ben Davis
type and those having a light colored
skin, on account of the serious injury
from stray burn which may occur.
Soluble sulphur as at present found
on the market is dangerous material
to use as summer spray 1t is very
apt to destroy the leaves and may
kin the calyx OF the apples, thus caus-
ing the fruit to decay. The soluble
sulphur seems to set free large
amount of arsenic from the arsenate
that must be used with it as an insec-
ticide, and it is this that causes the
injury.
Soluble sulphur, while unsafe to
use as now made, is promising spray
material. Two applications during the
season of 1914 on Gano produced fruit
with a luster or finish that even lime
sulphur could not give, but fully rs
per cent of the leaves were caused to
drop of. Where three applications
were given, from 10 to 25 per cent Of
the fruit was destroyed.
Bordeaux arsenate prepared bor-
deaux) and pyrox are both good fungi-
cides and insecticides, but both are
apt to burn the fruit, especially the
Ben Davis and Gano varieties. Both
are handy to use where only a few
trees are to be sprayed, but on COM
mercial scale bordeaux would be more
oe''ioioStoiS anu ieSS expensive.
Missouri orchardists are advised to
spray their apple trees at least three
times; before blooming, Immediately
after blooming, and ten days to two
weeks later. For the first spray use
lime sulphur 3 gallons to 100 gallons
OF water or, bordeaux 6-6-100 C
pounds copper sulphate, 6 pounds
fresh lime, 100 gallons water); sec,
ond spray, lime sulphur 300. plus s
pounds arsenate o. lead paste; third.
same as second, or bordeaux 6-6-100,
Plus pounds arsenate of lead paste
Where bitter rot is bad, one or two
more applications may have to be
made with either lime sulphur or
hnrJoonv