Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1916-07-31

time the Russians took Mamakhatun
and Baiburt hut these operations
have not yet reached a definite con-
clusion
in connection with the Turkish
campaign the year saw a serious re-
verse for the Franco British arms
and less important but highly dra-
matte, disaster for the British. The
disastrous attempt of the French and
British to force the Dardanelles and
seize Constantinople was definitely
abandoned in November. 1915. and the
allied troops withdrawn from the
Gallipoi peninsula. About 900
troops had been used in this venture.
supported by a mighty fleet Six
hattleshlps. five British and one
French, were sent to the bottom as
well as some minor craft and the
casualties were unofficialy reported
TO be almost equal to the original
number. Of the eXpeditionary force.
This was the result of six months OF
some of the most sanguinary fighting
Of the war
The second disaster OF the British
was the surrender of 10000 troops;
under General Towushend TO the
Turks at Kut- El-Amara on the Tig-
rls. This expedition had made a
sensational dash more than 300 miles
up the river in an attempt to seize
BaSdad. 1t was within ten miles OF
the city when it was decisively de-
feated by the Turks and forced to
fall back 100 niles Here it was
surrounded and forced to surrender
after a relief force had made sew
eral vain efforts at rescue.
Two new nations entered the rauLs
OF the belligerents during the year.
On October 10, 1915, Bulgaria threw
In her LOT with the central powers
and on, March 9. 1916. Germany de-
clared war on Portugal after the re-
public had seized all German shigs
informed in her ports.
The entrance OF Bulgaria into the
arena was signalized bv a combined
assault on Serbia by Austria. Ger
many and Bulgaria which resulted in
the complete overwhelming Of the
hopelessly 3utnumbered Serbians and
| the subjugation OF their country Tho
remnants of the Serbian army were
driven across the frontier into thu
wilderness of Albania whence they
We're rescued by the British. F~en.1
and Italians They We're shipped 4.
! Corfu where they We're reorganized
and re-equipped and later. to tn,
number Of about 100 000. Joined the
Franco British forces ut Saloniki. TIL.
/ survivors Of the Gallipol campafp
were also gathered nj the Greciar
| seaport as well as a large British
army from Egypt This combined
/ force is estimated at cocoon men am
Is presumably being held for an at
! tempt to wrest Serbia from the Bul.
! garians
The principal success won by Aus
trian arms during the wear was
great offensive undertaken agains
Italy in May The Austrian force,
swept the Italian invaders back Owe
wide stretch of country in tn,
southern Tyrol, reconquered abou
go square miles of austrian terri
tory and carried the battle into Italy
The Italians rallied. however. and a
the close Of the twelve months hat
regained n large portion of grounl
and We're vigorously pressing a coun
ter-offensive in accordance with tn
plans Of the entente for concerto,
action.
On the sea the year witnessed al
event of SURPRISING interest. Tn
German grand fleet, steaming on
from its mine fields and impregnabl
harbors at Kiel and Wnhelmsnavel
engaged the British fleet in tn
mightiest naval battle of history.
The battle was fought off the coas
Of Jutland on May 81 Its results ar
so obscured by the conflicting claim
of the combatants that they vii
probably not be definitely known un
I'll the war is over. If then. The Ger
mans assert that the British losse
were far heavier than theirs and o
that ground claim the victory Til
British denying greater losses. poin
to the fact that they stifl control tn
seas as the basis Of their right to To
title Of victors. London also claim
that since the battle POO British shin,
which had been tied up in Balti
ports since the beginning of the wa
have been able to make their way t
English ports unmolested by GeTma
warships.
The German official account of til
fight saws that the British losse
were 117150 tons as against Co x
: tons sunk by the British The BIRTHS
: admiralty make no attempt to est
mate the loss IL tonnage, but ur
Official British estimates place IL
German loss at 109,220 tons again.
1889 for the British Officially Il
) Germans have admitted the loss
: only one capital ship. the Lutzol
Y 26.60c tons. 2 vessel surprising
tonnage and armament many battle
. ships. The British claim to ha'
= sunk in addition two dreadnaugh
: and probably a third. The princip
n losses admitted by them for the
4 side are the three battle cruisers TT
= Iinvinchle, The interchangeable and Il
= Queen Mary.
e One other event on the sea arouse
e intense interest On June File
: Marshal Earl Kitchener Great Br
IS tain's famous minister of war, w
= drowned with his staff off the Orl
d neys when the cruiser Tramp9hi
d went down. IT was at first thou'
e the cruiser had been tie victim of
u submarine but tAis theory was ge
: orally discarded when it was learn
h that the warship had struck a mi
IS and gone down in the midst of
IS terrific storm.
h The second year Of the war was
Ie memorable ono as for the the Unit
"a States was concerned. II marked I
re apparent final passing o. the cri
N between this country and Germa