davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Bisbee daily review., 1916-10-22
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION Department of the Interior,

U. S. Land Office at Phoenix. Ari- zona. Sept. ', 1916.
 NOTICE is hereby given that Lee Aston. of Garces. Arizona. who. on Aug. 24. 1911, made Homestead Entry, No. 0152Ss, for SEk. Section '. Town ship 2S S.. Range 21 E.. G. & s. R. Meridian. has filed notice of intention to make Three Year Final Proof, to establish claim to the land above de- scribed. before Jared D. Taylor. U. s. Commissioner. at Bisbee, Arizona, on the 21st day of October. 1916. Claimant names as witnesses: Zeno Aston, David c. Kelly, Robert Todd. Henry c. Magee. all of Garces, Arizona.
 THOMAS F. WEEDIN,
 Register. First publication Sept 12, 1916. Last publication Oct. 21, 1916.
Bisbee daily review., 1916-10-22
METAL MARKET

NEW YORK. Oct. Chopper firm electrolytic first quarter, 27.25 at 2S. Bar silver CTS.
Bisbee daily review., 1916-10-22
THE elsBEE DAILY REVIEW SUNDAY MORNING OCTOBER 22

Needles .............. 1A Jerome Verde .........
 Jerome Victor ....... 22 Pittsburg Jerome ...... 29s Ray Hero -.............--.. Si2 Tom Reed .......... 2l5 United Eastern ........ 3.7O United Western ....... O5 Verde Extension ........ 39lR Verde Combination .... 1A Warren ........... 5A West End ......... 76
 Wolverine Arizona ..... 2
Bisbee daily review., 1916-10-22

First publication Sept 12, 1916. Last publication Oct. 21, 1916.
Bisbee daily review., 1916-10-22
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION. Departn1ent of the Interior.

Oepdrtment or knc inIcTioTp U. S. Land Office at Phoenix. Ari- zona. Sept %, 1916.
 NOTICE is hereby given that Mary Brown, of Stark. Arizona. who. on April 24, 1913, made Homestead Entry, No. O22253. for NW14. Section 5. Town ship 24 S., Range 2S E., G. & S. R. Meridian, has filed notice of intention to make Three Year Final Proof, to establish claim to the land above de- scribed. before Jared D. Taylor. U. S. Commissioner. at Bisbee. Arizona. on the 2nd day of November. 1916. Claimant names as witnesses: Cormal M. Coins, Charles Kuehme. John Ottmar. William s. Halloran, all of Stark, Arizona.
 THOMAS F. WEEDIN.
 Register. First publication Sept. 26. 1916. Last publication Nov. 2. 1916.
 NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION.
 Department of the Interior, U. s. Land Office at. Phoenix, Ari- zona. Sept. 22. 1916.
 NOTICE Is hereby given that Will fam T. Williams. of McNeal. Arizona. who, on Sept 12, 1913. made Home stead Entry. No. 023331, for East E. Section II, Township 22 S.. Range 25 E.. c. & S. R. Meridian. has filed notice of intention to make Three Year Final Proof. to establish claim to the land above described. before Jared D. Taylor. U. s. Commissioner, at Bis bee. Arizona. on the 1st day of Novem- Der. 1916.
 Claimant names as witnesses: Robert B. Fulcher. of McNeal. Ari. zona; Fred H. Spaulding. of Bisbee, Arizona; Walter M. Fulcher. of Me Neal. Arizona: Gust Jansen, of McNeal, Arizona.
 THOMAS F. WEEDIN,
 Register. First publication Sept. 2s. 1916.
Bisbee daily review., 1916-10-22

North Butte ......... 2Oa4 Nipissing ......... SA Nevada ............ 22k Old Dominion ........ 69h Osceola ..........-....... VI Pond Creek ................ 161k Phelps Dodge .............. 299 Qulncy ................... 9l Ray Consolidated ...... 25% Shannon .......... 9A Shattuck ........... 2S15 Superior Boston ....... AZ Utah Copper ..L............ 9S' Utah Consolidated ...... 14ia Tamarack 4712 Winona ..................
 CURES
 Arkansas & Arizona ... 5S Big Jim 115 Butte & London .. 5S Cornelia IF Dundee Emma ........... 2A Fortuna 16 Gold Reed ..........-....t. .t... 20 Green Monster .......... 41s Hull -...-..-.-.. oO
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-01-25
Prevent the Roup

Thousands Of dollars were lost to
poultrymen and farmers last fall be-
cause of carelessness. Too busy; no
hurry; will do this or that before cold
weather. But we never get yer the
rush; there is nc use In hurrying after
the damage is done; we never do to-
morrow what we neglect to do today.
There Is little danger from roup II
We can get through the fall months
without Its appearance. Now is the
time to prevent the disease getting a
foothold. These cold, snappy nights
and cool. wet mornings are likely to
cause colds, especially when fowls are
crowded in their roosting quarters or
coops. ~.
Hell all the old hens not wanted to
use for breeders at once. They are
about through laying for the season.
are taking a long vacation, and 50
worth as much per pound as they ever
VIII be.
Send all cockerels not salable as
breeders to market as soon as they are
large enough. The price Is rapidly
dropping and will continue to do so.
but even. at a better price you could
not afford to crowd your pullets.
Mites and lice have too often had
free swing about the place. Get busy
now unless YOU want these pests to
put your fowls into the right condition
TO contract roup. Ill.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-01-25

The proper, depth for tile drains
depends upon the soil and varies from
2 to 4 feet. In heavy silt loans and
clays the depth should be from 2 to 8
feet. In more open soils it should be
greater. The best distance between
laterals when common farm crops are
to be grown Is determined by much the
same. conditions that determine the
proper depth. In close retentive soils
8 feet deep the laterals should be
placed from so to 80 feet apart. In
open soils that give up water readily
and where the drains are 3 to 1 feet
deep, the laterals may be from 50 to
$50 feet apart. In very porous soils
the spacing may be wen greater. Ac-
cording to the opinion Of experts In
the office Of rural engineering Of thu
United States Agricultural Depart
ment, where the land is used for truck
or other special crops, the depth and
spacing should be arranged to give
the amount Of drainage desired. In
some muck lands with peaty subsoils
it seems that drains may be placed
too deep to give the best results with
certain crops.
Unless farmer has had consider
able experience in drainage work and
knows how to run accurate levels It
will usually be advisable for him to
employ someone who has had this
kind of experience to assist in plan
ming and laying out the drainage sys-
tenn. Tile should have a fall of not
less than one nch to 100 feet II pos
sible and greater fall than this Is very
desirable. Where little fall can be
obtained, particular care must be
taken to secure q true grade and
for the drain. II the land
is level, the drain must be started
deep at the outlet in order to get the
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-01-25

structed. Open bitches are generally
used when large quantities Of surface
water are to. be removed or where land
and labor are cheap. The disadvan-
tage Of open bitches include the large
amount Of land they occupy, their in
reference with farming operations.
and the high cost OF keeping the
bitches clean and the banks free from
weeds. Tile drains usually give more
thorough drainage. They occupy no
land surface and do not Interfere with
farming operations. II properly con-
structed they are practically perman-
emit and require almost no expenditure
for maintenance.
The farmer must decide the amount
Of money he can invest for drainage.
Usually st will be best to start with
that part Of the farm where the profits
from drainage will be greatest and to
extend the system as more are
available. This plan Of doing a part
at a time has h advantage OF per-
hitting the farmer to observe the re-
suits obtained and in h following
work to make n improvements that
may be found expedient in the plan.
1t also permits the farmer to estimate
closely whether 1t will be profitable
to investsthe money necessary Tor
completing the drainage system.
On rolling lands where only occa-
sional wet spots are to be drained the
random system Gig. - Is commonly
used. On level lands needing artificial
drainage euniform system Gigs 2
and 81 must be planned that will
provide drains for the entire area. The
! most economical arrangement OF such
a system is one which permits the use
of long Materials and requires the
shortest total length Of main drains.
No hard and fast rule can be given
for determining the sizes of tile to be
used. Drains should be large enough
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-01-25

clover-garden, grass, Canadian field,
and sweet peas. vetch and. not in
frequently, on alfalfa.
The pea aphis Is n Of the most
prolidc OF all plant lice. A female can
give birth; to as many as "a young In
q period OF IA consecutive hours. The
average number OF young per female
for all individuals where records We're
kept in 1912 and 1913 was 81 per
day, but this is the average for the
entire reproductive period OF each
female. Toward the latter days OF
this insects life. the birth rate greatly
diminishes, often not averaging one
young q day.
It II doubtful II any species Of plant
life Ia more harassed by enemies than
10 the pea aphis. The common Iaphis
fungus Is the most important natural
enemy. This fungus thrives under
moist conditions, especially when afC
companied by warmth. This fungus
10 contagious and spreads with Won
derful rapidity.. Heavy rains destroy
great numbers Of plant lice, and very
hot. dry weather. seems to hinder ex-
cessive multiplication, so that weather
are q great factor in n
natural control Of this pest. Nine diff
ferent species OF fadybirds prey upon
the pea aphis, and the larva OF the
syrphid and cecidomyid deas are i'm
portant enemies.
In the clover field the pea aphis Is
held in check by its natural
enemies. II It IL apparent that the in
sect IL becoming unduly abundant, the
clover should be cut ~ soon as pos
sible. since the cutting and drying of
the clover will kill most of the insects.
Glover coated with the honeydew Of
the aphids wifi not cure properly.
pasturing OF early cutting back
OF the clover will check the multiple
cation Of this plant louise.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-01-25
exporIenCN,

The problem Of proper feeding alone
calls for thought. good Judgment and
careful watching OF the flock on tle
part of even those who have hal corr
siderable experience with poultry.
It requires close observation ar |
attention to detail 10 see that q 80,
OF hens is fed cnsukh. yet nt tt
much, and that they. ere compelled 81.
take exercise TO keep them in COOL
condition.
failure is ca-elessness. .e- a los,ss,
watching their feeding and workii !:
with and taking thought for hem. !
Is apt to have q spell of fo1getfuln !
or carelessness and think, "Oh, M
50 tired Of the hens! l guess ttt.'
can get along without me fussing /,
much, etc." n so the houses are n
cleaned and they are fed hit or m !,
for Z time.
Take my word for 1t, such an attaea
Of "tiredness" Is paid for and d,Arl,
and the person INDUCING in It vii
have some valuable experience and
fewer eggs II not fewer hens before
the dock il brought; back to condi-
ton. t
It 4 = great mistake also to keep
old hens that r past their useful
ness for laying eggs. Often enough
Of these are kept to eat up. the profits
from the entire flock and the indus
trious hens. a. we'll al the business
are condemned because the owner
hasn't the ssnse or the energy or the
courage to Gull out the old hens and
sell them.
Perhaps you hate ito make your
flock 10 small but what 10 the use OF
caring for and feeding 100 hens e
get no more eggs than you would from
50 with half the expense Of feed?
Another place whore the profits are
lost, often enough to q failure.
10 In the marketing.
Poultry products can be sold care
leasly on the opon market for the same
price ~ other carelessly cared-for
products, but BY tAktng care with the
preparation, and marketing these
products Z much bsttsr price can be
obtained.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-01-25
The Reason Why Some Poultry Raiser. Fail
Lack Of Knowledss, hdiRersncs 10 Small Details and Carelessness Are
Just . Few Of the Many Reasons Why Some People Do Not
Succeed In the Poultry Business
A. ). WILDER.

II the poultry business 10 such .
paying proposition why do % many
people make Q failure Of IT.
People fail in the poultry buSiness
for Just the same reason that failures
are made in other businessss-lack OF
knowledge or lack Of attention to the
business, or for some heavy handicap
such a. poor location or lack Of sum
Client capital to 80 into the business
right.
A great many people get their ideas
Of the profits to DO made In keeping
poultry from poultry books and papers
written by those who are advertising
some special breed Of poultry or have
for sale some special poultry food or
have on hand some other < to grind.
Because of this the profits are fig
ured too high for ordinary poultry
keepers to reach. OF course It Is not
to be denied that In some cases the
profit from one hen for a year may be
three dollars. I have made 1t myself,
but commonly 1t Is apt to be nearer
one dollar.
A person starting the poultry busi-
ess with the larger profits In mind
will not SO closely watch h expenses
and this must be carefully looked
after to make a success. In this as
in any other business.
The proft is always greater pro-
portionately from a small flock of
hons than from a large one. There
are several reasons for this. The
smaller flock has a better chance on
the range, are U r not to be over
crowded and there are 80 few Of them
that the table scraps which they
usually get will do them some good
and they individually receive more at
tention in every way.
Not knowing these things. a begin
ner thinks If he can make a profit OF
say 81 a hen from a flock of 20 hens,
making a total profit of $40, that he can
make $1,000 from a flock of 500 hens,
but he will find this quite a different
proposition.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-01-25

to remove the surplus water before
the crops are injured, even after q
heavy rainfall in continued wet
weather. 1t Is better to use sizes loo
large than too small and no tile less
than four Inches inside diameter
should be used. In the middle west
the tendency is to use nothing smaller
than lve-inch tile. The mains should
be large enough to take the flow from
the laterals. Actual practice has
shown that for the dark silt loans OF
Illinois and Iowa, where the average
annual rainfall is approximately SO
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-01-25

has bssn much confused with other
closely related species. In AmertOA II
seems to have made its frst appearance
In destructive and noticeable numbers
u 1899, although it 10 known to have
been present here for at least two de-
eades previous, and each year since
1855 this aphis has been recorded as
injurious in one or more localities in
the United States.
Records Of injuries by this insect
have been reported by various author
titles In different parts of this country,
showing that for q good many years
the pea aphis has been present In
serious numbsrs. d.. ]. w. Folsom
reports injury to red clover In the
following words: I'm 1908 tho louise
killed an immense amount Of red clo-
yer ana weakened much moro in De-
Kalb county. III. I found on one
farm so acres OF dead clover roots in
one field. Not m root In a thousand
showed any signs Of life. and on the
ground were thousands Of cast skins
Of the aphid. At cutting time the lice
had been such q nuisance that the men
objected TO handling the crop. After
cutting, the clover eve revived. In
neighboring fields there were many
bare spots where the aphid had killed
the clover locally, and In the growing
clover were many centers Of new in
f~estation, due doubtless to migrant
WINGED females. All OF tho clover In
that part Of tho country was more or
isss injured; not only old clover but
also The hrst-year growth. Returning
Il he same region the following
Summer 70 sec the consequences OF
the injury. I did not stay Ions, for It
was hard TO ind . field of clover my
where. The farmers reported thai the
clover had been winter killed to their
surprise, since the winter had not been
severe one and tho clover q often
survived worse winters"
Mr.. n. Morrison, discussing the
abundance Of this insect in Indiana,
IN 1910, says: TT was so common In
many fields that the clover remained
on the ground for than q week
after cutting without showing signs
az curing. The clover stems were so
plastered with honeydew that the
moisture could not evaporats from
them"
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-01-25
Winter Food For
The Family Cow

To lay in a supply of winter food
for the family and neglect to cater to
the family COW Is an oversight which
retaliates upon the owner straightway
with unerring accuracy for the mich
COW measures 70 her owner IN pro-
portion as he metes out to her the
materials from which she is to main
tain her own strength and vitality and
produce a good flow Of milk.
The demands of her body for greater
warmth during the winter months
makes it necessary that she be in first
class condition-fat and sleek.
An abundance of food which not
only aids in maintaining her bodily
warmth, but is of a nature to whet
the appetite to It keenest is essential
to. keep the milk flow at its best.
Like other domestic animals, cattle
enjoy variety. The available food
material on a well-conducted farm
affords this. Glover and timothy hay,
oat hay, corn stalks, COW peas, bran,
a quantity Of understood, unmarked
able apples, potatoes, squashes, beets
and carrots are a delight to the
healthy COW.
Where one has not the facilities for
supplying ensilage the vegetables and
fruits mentioned above are a most ex-
cellent substitute.
Turnips, cabbage and strong flaw
bred vegetables are also relished by
this family cow and are very whole
some, but as they give an unpleasant
flavor to the milk. cannot be admitted
to her diet.
Decayed or moldy fruit or vege-
tables should, needless to state, be
rejected. The seeds should be re-
moved from squashes and pumpkins
as they tend to diminish he flow OF
milk.
In order that the food be whole
some and nutritious it must be stored
under approved conditions.
Pea hay, well cured, keeps IN a NOV
or a loft with plenty of bottom VEN
tilation. Stalks are usually icked
out of doors. This Is satisfactory II
they are thoroughly dry when ricked
and so tightly packed that those un-
derneath are thoroughly protected by
the sloping outside layers.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-01-25

inches. s-inch tile having a fall Of 2
inches in 100 feet will provide outlet
drainage for 40 acres, Finch tile for
80 acres, 6-inch tile for 20 acres,
5-inch tile for 10 acres, and 4-1nch
tile for 8 acres. On stiff soils with
equal rainfall the same sized outlets
will be adequate, but on the level
soils of the South Atlantic n Gulf
states where the annual rainfall Is
approximately SO inches. only about
one-half the areas named above can
he drained with tile of these sizes.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-01-25
Relation Of the Aphis to Forage Crops
The Pea Aphis IL Generally Distributed Over the United States and
Southern Canada, Especially in the Eastern Hail. Where 1t IL
More or Less Destructive Every Year.
BY J. DAVIS.

We have seen clover fields lin In
diana SO badly infested that the plants
would be covered with the so-called
"honeydew," a sticky, swedish fluid
elected by h aphis. Walking through
such In infested field. ones trousers
would appear green. 70 thickly would
they be covered by the plant lice, and
ruined by the honeydew which COW
cred the plants. While II ID seldom
that fields are killed outright a. de-
scribed by DR.. Folsom, there ian be
no doubt that the heavy infsstations
which are 80 common, have . decided
weakening effect OF the plant and
much Of the winter killing Of clover
oan be traced back to the depredations
Of the pea aphis. Most probably much
damage to clover has been overlooked
or attributed TO other causes, for
while . crop may be injured on large
hsld crops, such ~ clover, the injury
will be overlooked unless the hsld IL
almost killed outright. and subsequent
effects. such a. the weakening of the
vitality Of the plants, Is too often at
trtbutsd to winter killing" - DR..
Folsom has pointed out. Especially
may this insect b . very dangerous
clover pest II the weather conditions
are favorable to the aphts and . long
dry spell retards the growth Of the
clover.
The aphis prefer the young tender
leaves and stems Of its host. but
eventually Il the entire plant.
Garden and sweet peas, being suceu-
lent plants, are seriously attacked and
readily succumb 20 the dopredations
Of the insects. Glover, particularly
red clover. on the other hand, 10 Able
to Withstand considerable injury but.
~ has been noted, even this plant II
not free from serious damage; in fact,
entire fields Of clover r sometimes
destroyed.
We have no definits reports Of in
jury to cattle by feeding clover hay
which has been heavily inherited with
the aphids; indeed. we have been in
formed by cattle feeders, that such
clover, which has q slightly swestish
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-01-25

The carbon n-the food We give e
live stock is identically similar to the
carbon burnt In the furnace or crate
there is combustion, although 1t takea
a different form.
I venture to believe that II such pre-
cautions were systematically adopted
the milk supply would not fall OF a
it does and that there would be fewer
grievances and heart-burning disap-
poiQtments and failures.
In the first place food may be
warmed with advantage. The hay
should be Of the best and the succulent
food supplied never given under such
conditions in large quantities quite
cold but allowed to heat In the heap
in which the rations are mixed to-
gether.
1t should not be forgotten that .
large quantity Of water OF cold man
gels Sor cabbage means tho loss OF q
certain proportion of the food sup
plea which Is essentially used in the
heating Of these materials,
That such a saving would be ef-
fected during cold weather there can
not be the shadow Of q doubt. 1t Il
for this reason that some farmers
provide a mixing floor Of concrete on
which chan, pulped roots, meal,
grains. cotton cakes and the like are
piled, mixed together'and allowed to
remain for twenty-four hours to fer
ment.
Fermentation means heating and in
this way the food il not only warmed
and made certainly more tasty to the
cattle but positively more economical.
Now the question arises, what food
may be employed at such times?' 1t
appears to me that judicious innova-
tons may be made under special cir
cumstances.
There may, for instance, be an adj
dition Of linseed cake, which Is es-
pecially useful to stock on account OF
its richness In oil, or Of the best form
of cotton cake for the same reason.
The best hay should be used In pref
erence to that which Is second rate.
for while bulky food IL essential, 1t ts
we'll that the food given at q time of
stress should be Of the richest, afford
ing more nourishment and consequent
ly supplying greater heat to the body.
If %succulent food is given 1T had
better be supplied in a way suggested
through the process Of fermentation.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-01-25

The periodic occurrence Of the pea
aphis In unusual abundance on var
lous leguminous crops, more especially
red and crimson clovers, vetches, held
ana garden peas. and sweet peas. has
placed II among the important injur-
ious insects OF the world, for It Is al
most cosmopolitan and more or less
Injurious wherever found. In Europe
IL has been tho subject OF numerous
treaties, both from the systematic and
economic viswpoints. and its identity
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-01-25

taste because of the honeydaw YER
ing 1t. 10 rather relished by cattle. In
1911 It was reported that feeding cattle
with infested vines was supposed by
one farmer to be the Aus of the
death Of some Of his cattle, blu there
seems to be no proof and the con-
illusions YER probably incorrect.
The pea aphis commonly feeds on
clovers - especially red and crimson