davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-05-28
EASTERN ARENA.
Chronological Events.
SUNDAY.

Russians report repulse of German
offensive in Illonkst region and north
of Lake Ilsen.
German attempts to advance on Os-
trov are repulsed.
Russians repulse enemy attack north
west OF Czartorysk, near kostioukhoola.
MONDAY
Russians repulse Germans across the
TUESDAY.
Germans drive Russians from trench
in vicinity of Pulkarn.
Russian fiers destroy two miles of
at Ponewejsh, and several am
munition depots.
WEDNESDAY.
Russians report repulse, with heavy
losses, Of Germans southwest of the
Island of Dalen.
Austrian outpost put to flight north
of Olyka.
THURSDAY.
Russians admit German seizure of
trench west of Dalen Island, but claim
ousting of foe in subsequent counter
attack.
Russians repulse enemy attempt to
advance toward Karpilooka.
FRIDAY.
Germans prepare for offensive in
Riga region.
Desultory fighting in vicinity of
Divinsk and at points in GAlicia.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-05-28
Heavy artillery engagements o

v Hssvy y,o. artillery ensssemsns' on
TUESDAY.
with Austr1ans on tho Italian front.
Italians reported to be reforming
lines with heavy rsinforcements.
Austrians continue heavy pressure
against enemy in the sugana valley.
Rome admits continued retirement.
Rome reports check for enemy attack
in direction Of Monte di Nezxo.
italians complete evacuation of the
upper Posina basin and the Astico.
Austrians occupy ridge from salubic
Austrians report capture of total of
p, 400 Italians during offensive.
WEDNESDAY.
attacks in direction of Serravalle and
Col di Buoles.
Austrians reported to have been
thrown back between Val Arsa and
Posina
THURSDAY.
Heavy fighting between the Astico
Austrians report capture of Monte
Austrians develop heights from
Salubio to Borgo.
Italians hold Austrians between the
Etsch and the Leno valley.
FRIDAY
Italians repulse Austrians on Podgora
Heights.
Austrian fiiers shell Galtrano, Thiane
and Latisana.
Tremendous Austrian attacks against
Italian positions at Conf Zugna and
Col De Buole.
Austrians repulsed several times on
Monte Givaron.
Rome admits abandonment Of another
position on the Astico river.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-05-28
Physicians Walking Stick.

From the London Chronicle.
The most celebrated walking stick
among the medical faculty is the gold
headed cane which occupies a con-
spicuous position in glass case at
the Royal College of Physicians in Pail
Mall For $50 years it was carried pro-
fessionalIy by series of famous Lon
don physicians, from the reign OF
Charles IL to the reign of George w
Its successive owners were Drs Rat
cliffe, Mead, Askew. Pitcairn and
Baltic, whose crests are engraved on
its IRE gular T-shaped golden head. A
delightful professional history has been
written round this walking stick by
DIR. Macmichael. the distin guished COL
league of Sir Henry Halford, and
physician. in ordinary to King Wintana
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-05-28
AUSTRO-ITALIAN ARENA.
Chronological Events.
SUNDAY.

Austrian artillery transforms valley
between Adige and Brenta rivers into
an inferno.
Vienna claims capture of o3,Ss3
Italians in offensive.
Austrians capture Gina del Tashi
and Gina di Mesole.
Italians driven from BoEola pass.
Italians report repulse of Austrians
on Bomzugna positions.
Italians claim to have held Austrians
in the Terragnoio valley.
Italians withdraw advance lines in
the Sugana valley
Austrian fliers shell Vicenza, VAL
dagno, Feltre and Fonzaso.
MONDAY.
Austrians claim capture of Italian
fortified position at Monte Velna-
Italians nee from Birgo, Austrians
continuing their advances in tho
;ugana valley.
Austrians attack Italians near Chi
asa. in the Brand valley
Italians retire from positions between
the Astico and the Brenta.
Italians seize enemy posi';cn o''
Mount Self
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-05-28
Menace to Turkish Armies in
Mesopotamian Country
Grows More Serious.
REJOICING OVER JUNCTION
OF BRITISH AND RUSSIANS
Struggle at Verdun Continues, the
Tide of Battle Resting With
the Germans.

to be nearing a decisive point. When
the final result will come is a matter of
conjecture, but the French are not in
the least discouraged by their failure
to hold Douaumont. But before a de-
cision comes it is confidently expected
on all sides that the tremendous bat
ties of the past week and the fearful
losses will be repeated many times.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-05-28

impossible. but lghtens the difficult
task of provisioning. which delayed the
Russian progress in Asia Minor"
The British. according to advices
from Gen. Lake, have moved within
hailing distance of kut-el-Amara on
the river, which Mas been a serious OBJ
admitting considerable withdrawal in
this region in view of the threatening
situation. The Turks still hold their
Sannayyat position on the left bank Of
the river. which has ben serious OBJ
stacle against British success. attack
after attack at this noint resulting in
failure. British guns on the right bank
are said to dominate this position at
the present time, however.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-05-28
In Better Position
to Check the Foe.

italians have fallen back on their chief
defenses. AS was stated-and without
any desire to detract from the success
of the Austrians-it is but natural that
their advance undertaken in determin-
ed fashion. should net large gains dur
ing the first days. inasmuch as it has
been the custom of all belligerents. in
whatever arena to make the first line
positions of little defensive worth, but
of such strength to assist materially in
offensive tactics In the face of vic
ious assaults these first line positions
are of little value. and such was the
case with those taken by the Italians
when they drew within hailing distance
OF Roveretc. but where they were
checked by the extensive works of the
Austrians. That the Austrians, there
fore. should be able TO press the foe be-
fore them with ease is natural.
The Italians now have taken UP de-
fensive positions where they will be
able to strongly resist any future en-
"my aggression. although they con-
finue to retreat in some sections, nota-
bly-jn the SugaBa valley In the noun
'ains south OF Rovereto they still hold
some vital defensive peaks which de-
spite the tremendous Austrian artillery
FIRE and wave after wave of infantry
attack, have remained so far impregna-
BILE
In pointing out the situation al il ex-
ists today official Rome declares that
comparatively small territory is held
bF the Austrans when the fact that
the battle line is four hundred miles
long is considered. The Italians as a
whole are declared TO be in possession
Of twenty times as much enemy terri
tory as they have given UP to the foe
All italy is extremely optimistic over
the present situation
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-05-28

arena. while their line of permanent
defensive works is said to have been
fully completed, and everything is in
readiness for an advance against the
enemy at the psychological moment
is the time for the allies to strike.
forces operating in conjunction with
the Balkan regions were moved away
in Albania are said to have been weak
withdrawn Balkan forces, not only of
her own. but of the Turks and Bull
garians. for the western campaign. so
consequently it is believed that the
10000 Bulgarians moved to the Mace
donia front form but a small proper
ton of the Germanic ally troops sent
to other arenas.
Dispatches all indicate that the allies
are fully ready to strike in this region.
1t would seem that the Germans,
Austrians. Bulgarians md Turks are
not so ready to meet an enemy Of
fensive as they were Immediately fol-
lowing the conauering of Serbia and
Montenegro and when they distributed
their forces to effectually meet allied
aggression from the Saloniki base,
something which. during that period.
was expected at almost any moment
II is to be expected that. since the
Germans have their hands full on the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-05-28
PROBLEMS WHICH WOULD BE PRESENTED
FOR ADJUSTMENT BY THE WARNING POWERS {
:. SHOULD PEACE COME TO EUROPE TOMORROW
Nations Likely Be Equal Terms in Any Congress Called
to Settle Controversies mo Present Prospect
of Decisive Victory at Arms.

By FRANK H. SIMONDS,
Author of "The Great War"


/ o a o even The treaty
o O Utrecht hch loed
t rnaion utinary
pdeon den 1t is tina think
o and the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-05-28
Fearful Slaughter Results
From Austrian Offensive in
TyroI Regions.
WENNA'S MEN ACHIEVE
MATERIAL SUCCESSES
Rome Confident That Enemy Will
Be Held Before Stronger De-
fensive Positions.
BY OLIVER OWEN KUHN.

Gazing upon ominous craRs and
awesome Alpine gorges with a dream
ers eyes, Dante is said to have re-
ceived inspiration which eliminated in
the creation of his Inferno" In the
very regions where he dwelt and over
which he was wont to roam a modern
day inferno is reignng. one which de-
aes the descriptive powers of the most
graphic pen and makes feeble ade-
auately to depict this human slaughter
pen. Thousands of great guns are
pouring their deadly missiles against
Alpine ridges. now swept by huge
masses of falling rock pried loose by the
frightful impact of explosives. And
on the mountain slopes the dead bodies
of Austrian and Italian soldiers. some
of them blanketed in snow, hurtle down.
down over Jagged juts. some into the
once peaceful vineyards. some dropping
off into the space of seemingly bot
tomless mountain cavities. these men
having paid fearsome penalty in the
battle of the clouds. Hardly a depres-
sion in southern Tyrol that is not the
resting place of not only one, but many
corpses. The carnage has been great
front. and ii continues
The present great battle arena is
about twenty miles square and lies east
and northeast
Austrians Extend the of Lake Garda,
from which di-
oPs Va rection the
Italians inaugurated the drive against
Trent, one of their chief detectives in
the present war as it was the objective
in others. The Austrians. however.
during the past week have moved
farther to the eastward, showing tend
ency to extend the scope of battle and
increase the menace to the Italian
armies operating farther in that direc-
tion.
The Italian positions over the greater
part of the battle line in the regions
dominating the Rovereto and Trentino
sections Is declared to be stronger
than ten days ago. The Italian gem
eral staff in Rome is inclined to be-
lieve that while the situation still is
of dangerous character II is not ex-
tremely serious and their views in this
regard are somewhat borne out by OBJ
servations as to the character and re-
ments on al! fronts in the present war.
II is declared that the Austrian Of
fensive. preparations for which began
about three months ago, is designed
not only to prevent the Italians from
moving forces to the Balkans and as
sisting in the campaign at Avlona in
Albania, but it is the hope of Aus
trian commanders to carry the battle
onto Italian soil. obtaining the Vent
tian provinces. thereby bringing a di-
rect menace to the rear of the main
italian armies operating toward the
east and in the general direction of
Trieste.
The Austrians continued their sue
cesses during the week just closed.
their forces penetrating Italy at some
points for eleven miles. At othersrhey
have been held up. In fact the gen.
eral resistance of the Italians has been
greater during the past Ave days than
at any time since the war started.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-05-28
The Eastern Question.

The eastern question offers a problem
even more insurmountable than all the
preceding. because there seems to be
no basis for even an approximate COM
promise The possession of Constants
nople is to the Russian mind absolute
ly necessary to the existence of the en-
pire. The war has proved that if Great
Britain holds Germany to ransom at
the entrance of the North sea and Italy,
France and Britain hold Austria to ram
som in the Mediterranean. Germany
while she commands the Baltic and
dominates the Dardanelles by Turkish
alliance, is the master of Russian COM
mercial life to a great extent.
Russia cannot now make peace with
out Constantinople and not run double
risk. She has been blocked for a CEN
fury by Britain. She now has British
consent. but tomorrow, the war be-
ing over and new conditions arising.
she might find Britain arrayed against
her. Her hour has come; she has the
men, she has the enthusiasm and sup
port of her people in the present war,
and she has complete expectation,
strengthened by recent victories in
Asia Minor. that she will be able to
reach the goal Of the centuries
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-05-28

suggested that there should be created
an Independent Poland II she should
insist upon this Russia would lose
some 100000 people and about $4,000
square miles of territory. But is Ger
many likely to press this demand to
the limit. to make it condition sine
qua non of peace? This may be
doubted. for purely German reasons
To create an independent Poland
Russian Poland some five millions of
Poles living in Austrian Galicia or
creating such a disaffection in an
Austrian province as to threaten Aus
TRAN unity: for hitherto the Austrian
Poles. well treated as the Russian and
German Poles are not. have sided with
the Magyars and the Germans in the
racial conflicts that have torn the
dual empire.
If these Austrian Poles were Joined
more than 100000 would be created
between Germany and Austria on the
one hand and Russia on the other. a
buffer state, which might conceivably
protect Germany from Russian in
vaSion.
But, on the other hand, there are four
million Poles in East Germany and
they would inevitably be drawn toward
their brethren who were free. Such a
dream would threaten the very ex-
lands inhabited by Poles not merely
stretch westward toward Berlin, but
northward to the Baltic. cutting off the
Germans Of East Prussia from those
Of Pomerania. Instead of leaning on
Germany and Austria, the new Polish
state might turn to Russia, as Italy
turned to France a little over half a
century ago, and enlist the car to
complete the work of Polish unifica-
ton as Cavour persuaded Napoleon III
to do for Italy.
The Polish problem is the most intri-
cate in Europe. AS long as Russia.
Austria and Germany were equally the
despoilers Of Poland, a common danger
united them in preserving hostile
front to Polish aspirations. But Rus
STA and Austria can part with their
Polish territories without injuring
their national solidarity; Germany
cannot Hence the apparent uniikeli-
hood that Germany will insist upon a
free Poland. if it be the sole barrier
to peace, and, as she says, she desires
peace.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-05-28
Allies Have Given
Italy Aid Heretofore.

given her the needed assistance one
way or another. This Italian optimism
may be grounded more than the
confidence that Italys forces alone will
he able TO firmly hold the Austrians
without further material gains.
Each time the Austrians have men
aced Italy the allies have insuKurated
offensive movements along some other
front where the Ausfrians are vitality
Interested. The Russians on one occa-
sion began a drive in Galicis. The in
Iensity Of the offensive and the deter
mined character of Russian progress
caused Vienna to withdraw forces from
the Italian front to assist in combat
ing the enemy.
Al the present juncture. and in light
of the situation in the Balkans II is not
at all improbable that the allies will
attempt to relieve the Italians by In
suguratinS a determined drive in the
Saloniki region and along the Mace
DOMAIN front During recent days there
have been several infantry clashes be-
tween French and British and Germanic
forces ~ various points along this
front. The allies have moved large
forces of rejuyenated serbians to this
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-05-28

THE abomination Of desolation"
"HelliSh butchery"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-05-28
Colonial Disputes.

son of past spoliation of the national
territory.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-05-28
'Germany's Problem.

Yet. looking at the situation as Ber-
lin must now face 1t. the facts are
these: BY taking Alsace-Lorraine Ger
many made France a permanent foe;
by barring the Russian road to Con-
stantinople and taking the Austrian
side in the Balkans she made Russia
her foe: by supporting Austria against
Italy in the matter of Trieste, and
against Serbia. she made a foe of
Italy. BY challenging Britain on the
sea she enlisted the British in the alli-
ance against her.
After two years of war Germany has
not been able to crush any one of her
foes, and they all remain in the field,
Italy nominally only fighting Austria,
but drawing off from the Russian
front Austrian troops whose services
might have been sufficient to give a
decisive victory last summer. Even if
peace were made today on the basis of
the terms that Germany now offers, all
four of these great powers still would
be united by a common interest, by the
fact that Germany stood in the path
way of each or was an enemy by rea-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-05-28

That they now are in better position
to check the Austrians than two weeks
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-05-28
Would Control the Balkans.


But if Russia gains ConstantinopIe
she gains also the control of the Bal
kans Bulgaria. temporarily strayed
from the Slav fold, will have to make
peace with the nation which controls
the Black sea and dominates Thrace
from the Sea of Marmora and the Thra-
clan littoral. She will have to resume
her vassalage to Russia, or at the least
she will have to renounce her German
and Austrian alliance.
Serbia. if she is restored, will remain
a Russian protege. The dangers which
drove Austria into the present war will
be perpetuated. The southern Slavs will
remain source of peril Greece will
unquestionably be torn from her pres
ent quasi-neutrality and end by becom-
ing an ally of the Mediterranean DOW
ers. thus closing Saloniki permanently
to Austrian commerce and Austrian
naval forces.
AS to Albania, conceivably Austria
would consent to a settlement which
gave Italy Albania in return for an
Italian remuneration of Trieste and Is
tr1a, but this would surrender to the
Italians the control of both shores of
the Straits of Otranto. and thus the
Would Germany consent to throw
over Turkey in order to eliminate all
future cause for trouble with Russia :?
Would she sacrifice her aspirations for
commercial supremacy in Asia Minor
and her dream of Berlin-to-Bagdad
imperial expansion. taking in return
territories in Africa. and thus freeing
her hands for future struggle with
Britain? Only such an assumption
could lead to the conclusion that there
could be a present settlement of the
eastern question that Russia would ac-
cept now. or ever. And would Austria
consent. too?
On the other hand, would Russia
consent to abandon Serbia if Austria
and Germany abandoned Turkey:
would she consent that Austria take
Saloniki while she took Constantine
pie? This is an old and familiar solu-
ton of the eastern question: but it
presupposes a breach of faith on the
one side and the other. the betrayal of
allies by both alliances which would
hardly endure the popular wrath of
the peoples of the nations guilty of
the treacherv
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-05-28
Kurdish Menace Is
Largely Removed.

munication between the Two Russian
groups which are operating against the
Turkish Mesopotamian army" says a
dispatch from Petrograd
Although little has been known re-
garding the military operations in this
INN ediate district. which lies between
Lake Erumiah and khanikan. on the
Persian border northeast of Bagdad,
Kurdish bands supported by Turkish
regulars have been for a long time at
tempting to make inroads into Persia
and. by cutting off from each other the
Russian armies advancing toward the
Nesopotamian border. make their prog
ress impossible.
1T is apparent that in these efforts
they had been SO successful as to cap
ture the Persian towns of SakiZ and
Ban, but. as officially announced. the
Russians recently ousted them from
these positions and the danger created
by this wedge into the Russian line has
been removed.
Ban is near the Turkish border. and
along 20o-mile front the Russian
armies now are drawn up close to the
Mesopotamisn frontier. Military ex-
perts believe that further progress for
the Russians should be considerably
facilitated by this strengthening out of
the Russian line and the establishment
of direct communication. which not
only makes further kurdish inroads
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-05-28
How Pressure
Might Be Relieved.

near east and cannot sacrifice a ma
terial number of troops. and the Bull
garians are keeping large forces
within striking distance of Rumania,
none of these countries would be
able to dispatch material reinforce
ments to the Balkan arena on a mo-
ments notice without injuring their
effective strength elsewhere. The al
lies consequently would be in position
to bring serious pressure not only
upon the armies facing them at Sa-
loniki. but against the Austrians OPP
Grating with the view to the complete
domination of Albanian regions To
prevent union of Italian forces at Az
Iona with the allies operating close to
the Albanian frontier. Austria. it is
believed, would have to dispatch many
of her forces from other fronts mas
much as her line facing the Russians
already is threadbare. she is not ex-
pected to move them from this region.
consequently they again might be
shifted back from the Austro-Italian
line. the pressure against the Italians
thereby being materially decreased
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-05-28
Plans Return to United States.

The waiter at the one even halfway
passable restaurant Of Piraeus is from
the United States. too. He also is do
ing his military service. though ON
leave for the present-like most of the
Greek army. Sc. with loathing in his
heart: he works in restaura with
sawdust- covered floor and row of
barre's a'or2 :hs val T'lsJ r'fth sweet
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-05-28
Mesopotamia Union
Cause of Rejoicing.

operating in Mesopotamia has brought
the greatest rejoicing in Petrograd and
London as il heralds the fact that the
British and Russian main forces at last
are within striking distance of each
other
Russians now are gradually uniting
their scattered armies in the regions Dor
dering on Mesopotams and those oper-
ating northward from Bitlis to the Black
sea. and these great armies now are in
position to bring pressure of most threat
ening character against the Turks.
The operations to the south are ex-
tremely important. The Russians have
pressed from the regions Of Eermanshah
within striking distance Of Bagdad while
the Russian army Immediately to the
northward also is creeping near Mosul.
IT, in fact they have not already taken
this point from the Turks. II hardly is
possible that the Slavs would have re-
manned silent had such a success been
achieved. Petrograd expresses confidence
that the united Russian armies pressing
in the direction Of Mesopotamia not only
will be able TO wrest Mosul. but Bagdad.
from the~Turks. II is not believed that
the Turks will have any other resort than
to withdraw their armies from the Meso-
potamian region. for the route over
which they will be able to move their
large forces Will be materially narrowed
the Russians TO the north Offering con-
slant menace. while the Arabian desert
precludes a gigantic retreat 10 the south
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-05-28

Every time Italy has been in serious
trouble since she entered the war on
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-05-28

Although not vitality important in itself
from a military standpoint. the union Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-05-28

"The Russian occupation OF Sakiz and
their advance upon the village of Ban
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-05-28
Poland.

C. ~u." y In her peace proposals has