Arizona republican., 1916-11-16
MANAGEMENT OF
 THE RANGE BULLS

Professor c. w. Barnes, livestock specialist of the Arizona agricultural extension service, has just issued d most practical circular calling atten- ton to the importance of manage rlent of bulls upon the range.
 Range cattlemen will appreciate the good hard sense of the circular from tie fCl owing quoted from it:
 One of the best ways to increase the percentage of calves dropped is to take the bulls off the range in the fall and put them in a pasture by themselves l. is well to choose pasture which has not had any stock in it during the growing sea son. Such pastures are apt to have suffiCieat grass to carry these ani- nlals through the winter in good con- clifton. If not. extra feed will have to be supplied, say alfalfa hay silage. milo, Cottonseed cake or cottonseed. feeding from one-half to two pounds of grain per day. All that will be neces sary will Le to keep the bulls in a good healthy and vigorous condi. Ion, not 10 make them big fat Animals which are too fat do not make tfe best breeders under range conditions. IL will be beneficial if the Tasture does not contain natural shelter, to build them a shelter. Money thus invested should yield good rate of interest to the cattle men in the shape of feed savel and conserved energy of the bulls.
 Another important advantage in favor of the winter pasture for bulls will be the possibility of securing n better grade of bulls for range pur- poses Many cattlemen at the pres ent time object to buying pure bred hulls which are not acclimated to Arizona conditions, accustomed to our prazing ranges. or which do not un- derst1nd how to rustic for tLem- selves. lf Q system of separation is practiccd these bulls would only be on the range during breeding season, during which time the ranges are usually in their best condition for grazing purposes.
 What should these bulls be ex- pected to return from this kind of treatment? The reward will be as follows:
 First-Larger percentage of calves dropped.
 Second-Greater vitality.
 Third-Uniformity of age.
 Fourth-Lower death rate.
 Fffth-Uniformity of size.
 Slxth-Unlformity of color and conformation.
 
 the cows during the winter and spring months. cattlemen control the time of year when the calves will le dropped. and instead of calves being dropped in every month of the year, as at present, they can have them coming at the most favorable sea sons, according to the location of the ranch in the state. It win be of advantage to have them dropped be- fore the screw fly is making it's rounds. thus saving time, labor and money Furthermore the death rate will be decreased both among cows and calves. A COW which is in thin condition but which manages to Dull through until the spring has started, usually loses her life trying to give birth to calf in January or in sorre of the other months which are cold ard unfavorable for calves.
 Wtat can be expected of the bun if left cut all winter to rustic for himself during the cold winter months? This is what may 'be ex- pected and what usually happens:
 First-A amaIl calf crop
 Second-Calves of all ages and sizes.
 Three-Lack of vitality and con- fo-matinn in calves.
 Lonrth--Henvv death rate among calves and cows.