Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-23

The country has remained Polish ex-
cept in certain districts. where German
villages have been cree
Strong Polish ated. In the heart Of
the districts of Pos
OoniAatiVn. mania the proportion
of Poles varies from between IS and 81
per cent. Nevertheless. all Posnania Is
Polish. On the foundation of the grand
| duchy OF Varsovia, in 1907. Posnania was
attached to that embryon OF Poland:
II should manifestly be returned to new
| Poland, which is promised to be a
unified Poland. Prussian Poland. in the
west of the Vistula. belonged to Poland
in 1872. and has remained Polish. 1t
should be returned likewise to new
Poland.
On both banks of the vistula. but es-
pecially on the left of Thorn. there re-
| side $4,000 Poles. Their Polish lands
| prolong those of Posnania as far az
the Baltic. and bar the march OF the
Germans in their Drang mach Osten.
The city and district of Danzig since
the sixteenth century have become
German, Danzig having been inha bited
| by commercial Germans. The Republic
| of Poland. of which Danzig was a de-
pendence in measure. constituted
| Danzig. free city. 1t was not until
corporated into Prussia.
The basin of the Vistula is Polish.
and Is divided between Russia and
Germany. The latter is DESTROYS to
the Courlande. Livonia and Finland
provinces. which are to be entirely
| separated from Russia.
oriental Prussia and Youngsters.
| called Mazouric. has retained the
Polish language as the popular idiom.
The nine districts OF Neidenberg, AL
!enstefn. Doterode. Ortelsberg. Sens
berg. Otelzko. Lyck. Johannisberg and
| Loetzen have remained Polish. These
constitute a series of marsh lands of
sixty kilometers in extent. celebrated
| today by the great battles fought there
in vain by the German invading armies.
| the country forms today, with Rus
sian Poland and Prussian Poland, near
! ~ south of the Prussian province of
konigsberg, the cradle of the Hohen-
zollerns. Two million Germans reside
here. between the mouths OF the Wis.,
tula and those of the Niemen
berg and Danzie count together 3.Soo,-
600 in h a bi tants:
PruSSian Posnania possesses p
p-.u;. 100000. These three
| provinces coded to Rus
STA and to Poland will cause a loss OF
100000 subjects to Prussia. and would
place Slav garrisons at Konigsberg.
| Danzig and Posen.
The province of Upper Silesia ire
gence of oppeln) counts 100000
| Poles. The entire province of Silesa
| 100000 kilometers square and 5.225,000
inhabitantD was formerly Polish.
Passed from the domination Of a Haps-
burg to that of the Hohenzollern, Sile-
STA commenced to be actively German
| lied U742). The invasion of German
Polish nationality by the aristocracy.
deprived since centuries of all rels-
tions with Poland, favored that Ger
manization.
In the regence of BresIau middle 81
lesia) there are two districts only in
which the official census gives 80 per
cent and 46 per cent of Poles-Warten-
berg and Namyslow. near Posnania. On
peln fOpole in Polish) the Poles rep
resent 81 per cent of the total popu-
lation. In the half of these provinces
the proportion exceeds as and even 50
per cent.
The great domains in Silesia belong
to Germans-the grand seigniors Ho-
henlohe, Lichnowsky. Carolath, Hatz-
field. Radolin, Oppersdorf-who play a
considerable role in the Prussian mon
archy. The coal mines and the furnaces
of Benthen and Kattowitz are exploit
ed by societies in which the names of
these grand sefgniors are found by the
or Frankfort. Upper Silesia, lost for
Poland since 1885, is beginning to show
that she nourishes the right to be at
tached to the new Poland.
hundred thousand kilometers square.
that is what Is represented in these
eastern provinces, Silesia, Posnania,
Prussia of Danzig, and Konigsberg, are
To- Ir to- In dor
land. They are for Poland natural de-
tendencies: geography, history and the
desire Of the Inhabitants attach them
good fortune to enjoy favorable
| regime for the Poles.
Tn Austrian Since half century the
| German government OF
1oIanu. Vienna has practiced
in favor of the Poles a policy of decen-
tralization, which was carried on to
within a short time at Posen and at
Varsovia.
| After the defeats to which Austria
was subjected at Magenta and Sadowa
the monarchy felt the want of making
at least one friend among the nations
| that 1nnaDlt 1allCld soHc
| strongest and the most cultivated.
| counting on the idea that the Poles
! would never become a danger for the
| empire if one should know how to keep
against the Poles the Ruthenian
| jealousy.
Poles and Ruthenians enjoy i'm Ga
| licia a liberty and security of which
they know nothing elsewhere. AS Tor
the Ruthenians it is only in Galicia
they exist and live as recognized ma
ton. The Ruthenians of Russia. who
are called Little Russians (Ckrainians'.
have no national existence.
The Poles have particular situation