davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1916-12-27
Baking An Ancient Craft
BY T. T. F..

The commonplace Of everyday
D life, coeval with the pyramids. fei
49, low with wars and dynasties in the
history of the world Older than the
oldest tradition, honored in Holy Writ bread
today disputes with the political activities
and the European conflict for first page posi-
tion in the newspapers Of the land.
Why this reawakened interest in bread?
Why are so many questions concerning it.
supposed to be answered for good and ALL
and so many other questions, never before
propounded, being brought to the front?
There are two reasons, both very simple
In the first place practically everyone in
America eats bread and therefore is inter
ested and in the second place after a period
Of an average life time at a stationary price.
that price suddenly has changed.
Man has been laying bricks since before
the days when the Pharaohs builded them
selves monuments by the banks of the Nile,
but it remained for Frank B. Gilbreth, an
efficiency engineer of Providence to find
that for all these centuries much of the en-
ergy and time had been wasted. So the pres
ent agitation about bread has revealed facts
never before suspected. Big minds in all
lines have applied themselves to the subject
What some OF them have to say is set forth
here in general survey of the bread prob
lem from all angles.
In thinking of bread the dweller in the
city considers at once the baker, while in
large measure the rural inhabitant considers
the housewife. obviously the baker is the
person most intimately interested In the
whole bread proposition. In the last %
years the baking industry has undergone
radical changes. s. f. Mcdonald, OF Mem
phis, president OF the National Association
of Master Bakers, says more talent is re-.
quired to be a successful baker than to be
successful banker or q successful doctor
Mr. Mcdonald defends this view by saying
that the average banker has no professional
training. He has grown up in his business.
and his trade is the trade Of dollars and
cents, of debts and credits, and there is not
what fairly might be called technical train
ing.
The physician must give years OF time and
study to preparing himself for his calling.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1916-12-27
1875 WHEHT WEL2

haps be slow to change, but the ten Gems
loaf is bound to come"
Last year before bread prices had begun
to advance In so many lines of foodstuffs
the University of Illinois conducted series
of experiments to establish among other
things the relative food value of bread. As
result OF this investigation 1t was shown
that whatever the price of loaf might be,
so long as other foods advanced somewhere
near proportion, bread will be almost twice
as valuable for the same cost as any other
food obtainable.
In this bulletin, issued by Isabel Bevier,
head of the department, it is stated:
The peculiar value Of wheat bread lies
in the fact that it is one of the cheapest
sources OF protein. Again this form of pro.
tein known as gluten which occurs In wheat
-four enhances the value of the -four because
the gluten has the property of expanding and
serving as framework for the retention OF
air or carbon-dioxide. Because this quality
is lacking In the protein of corn and oats,
neither of these grains is extensively used
for bread. The value of -four, then, for
bread depends upon the quantity and quality
of its gluten and upon its strength, and this
latter quality is usually judged by its capac.
ity to absorb water. Large bakeries conduct
experiments constantly to find just the blend
of -four that will absorb the greatest amount
of water, or, in other words, yield the great
est amount Of bread, or take and retain
water.
Bread Cheapest Food at Almost Any Price.
1T has been understood for a long time
that the term cheap and dear as applied to
foods mean not only the amount of money
expended, but rather the amount o. nutritive
materials secured, for a given sum or to put
it in another way, the amount of building
material-protein and energy-calories, that
can be secured. The following table shows
how favorably bread compares with other
food stuffs in these two points
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1916-12-27

bring to the surface as much as 10
tons of earth per annum on an acre.
Worms are great promoters of vege-
tation by boring, perforating and
loosening the soil, and rendering it
pervious to rains and the fibers of
plants by drawing straws and stalks
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1916-12-27

of leaves and twigs into it, and, most
of all, by throwing up such infinite
numbers of Jumps of earth called
wormcasts, which form fine manure
for grain and grass. The earth with
out worms would soon become cold,
hard void of fermentation and con-
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1916-12-27

sequently sterile. This has occurred
in many cases where the worms have
been either accidentally or Intention
ally destroyed, and the fertility of
the soil thus lost has only been re-
stored when the worms had again
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1916-12-27
DIR WONnER MORI.n

The part performed by worms in
rendering the earth fertile is not gen.
orally understood. Darwin estimated
that worms. by swallowing earth for
the sake of the vegetable matter it
contains, and afterwards eXpelling it.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1916-12-27

must last for several hours. During
all this time both the plate and tele-
scope must be moved SO that the
image of the star win be stationary
on the plate. The exposure for a
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1916-12-27

star of the sixteenth magnitude is two
hours, and only the image of one at
time can be secured, unless those
adjoining happen to be of the same
size.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1916-12-27

1T will be seen that at the prices quoted
above, ten cents expended in bread will Sc
cure more than twice the protein obtained
from beef and almost three times the en-
ergy; also that ten cents invested in bread
at five cents per pound, compared with eggs
at twenty-four cents per dozen, will yield
more than twice as much protein and twelve
times the energy"
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1916-12-27

* Tie commonplace Of everyday
D life, coeval with the pyramids, fei-
- low with wars and dynasties in the
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1916-12-27

collected and resumed their fertiliz-
ing work.
Star photography is one of the
most tedious operations known. In
some cases the exposure of the plate
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-04-24
SECOND ARRIETA
GOES To CAPITAL
Will Discuss Durango AT
fairs With Officials; Reyes
Makes Strong Demands.

Torreon, Mex, April 22.--(via FL
Paso junction, April 24-Mariano
Arrieta has changed his plan about
proceeding to Mazatlan and came here
today saying he was going south to
see Gen. Carranza.
Gen Huerta Vargas has reported
from Saltiuo that his troops, after
chasing for some time bandits under
FlorentinO Esquival, caught up With
them at Apistolaya state Of Zacatecas,
killing five of them and wounding
four. including Escuival Some small
arms were seized. Nargas's troops
suffered no losses.
Negotiations for the surrender OF
CanutO Reyes and other generals con-
tinue, Reyes insisting that he be al
lowed to retain the rank Of general
and be given command Of the Nazas
district with allowance for the face
value Of his Villistas money. On the
acceptance Of these terms Reyes says
he will Immediately proceed against
Villa or anyone else the government
sends him against
Evidence of the fri ndly relations
between the de factO government and
Reyes is contained in the fact that
Gen. TrevinO is sending food and other
supplies to Reyes's followers.
Traffic from Torreon to ZacatecaS
probably will be resumed within two
weeks as the bridge over Picardias
canyon has been repaired. Direct
telegraphic communications from
Juarez to Mexico City has been re.
established.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-04-24
LOCKE IS SPECIAL GUIDE
FOR PERSHING, SAYS REPORT

J. II. Locke, who escaped from
Minaca in time to save himself from
the Villista band that killed Bruce
McGregOr and Blankenberg, has been a
special guide for Gen. John J. Pershing
in the Guerrero country. according to
word brought to the border Monday.
Locke was with the column of troops.
it was said, that approached Parral
and had an engagement with the popu-
lace on April 10.
After the Minaca massacre Locke it
is said, rode to Cusihuiriachic. where
he informed the mayor Of the munich
pality of the Villa attack. He disap-
Deared shortly after the word was sent
to Chihuahua city, and had not been
heard from since Locke is a land
owner at Minaca and is said to know
the country we'll
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-04-24
MEXICAN MAYOR.
HOSTAGE, DEAD
Taken Prisoner by Amer
leans, Presses Knife Into
Heart; Hostage Is Shot.

columbus, y. NJ. April PA NJe,i
can mayor, taken prisoner bv An7orir,,,
troops to prevent further sniniro. -,
the town Of which the Mexican was
presidente. showed his resentment Inv
committing suicide, according 70 Tho
story brought here BY yvidai,. i,.,,i.-
ranchman, returning from a ~ w, ", !
trip in Mexico lie said the iTciJSr74
was verified by a number Of oFfico-..
OF the American eXpeditionary- foroo.
The Mexican, presidents OF n sonsIi5
ADOBE village along the American line
OF communication. together Win 80
other native. was taken prisops. IA" ~
American caValrymen. according fo t,e
story, after snipers, who have menacaJ
American columns had been traced to
the village.
Presses knife Into Henri
Given an army mess kit AT p7esI
time, the presidente seized a small
sharp knife. and barring his breast
folded his arms and pressed tbe
knife underneath them into his
heart before his guards could stop him
Meanwhile the other hostage attempted
to escape and was shot so serfonsIv
that he died shortly Rfterward.
Shippers have been particularly ar
tive In the last week I'm the district
between Namiquipa and FL Vale. all
though few of their bullets found their
maj No. AAAt -AAAASA ANtiAh nhAus Accord
ingly, the military authorities served
warning on the jefes Of some of the
communities that summary action
would follow further activity. When the
warning was disregarded. the two were
taken from a village, which the ranch
man said was Las Cruces, to be held
as hostages to prevent a repetition of
the offense.
Mai. TOmpkins Recovering
The ranchman also said that Mai
Frank Tompkins who suffered a flesh
wound in the right breast at Parral
is rapidly recovering as is Lieut.. James
Ord, who was shot through the lobe
Of the left ear.
More Troops Leave Columbus.
The eXpeditionary force was further
Sunday by the dispatch
Of column Of infantry. band. the
first to enter Mexico with the expedi-
Lionary forces. played marching songs |
from the head Of a column nearly a !
mile long. as it crossed the border.
JnOfficially, it was learned that part |
Jf the detachment, at least, is bound 4
Tor an advanced point along the Amer
can line.
The only activity reported from the J
'front.' sunday we're renewed efforts 10
'Nterminate the scattered bands OF
1illistas which. learning Of the halt in !
he American operations, apparently
AVE become more daring in their
orays.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-04-24
Wife OF Maj. Sample
Sends Ice Cream To the
20th Infantry Troops

Columbus, n NJ, April 2A-From Ell
Paso, Mrs. W. r. Sample, the wife Of
Maj. Sample, commandant here, sent
ice cream Sunday as an Easter gift to
the men OF the Goth infantry.
The mother Of postmaster Burkhead
at Deming, sent flowers to the troops
At the little white chapel north of
the army camp. hundreds of khaki-cIad
men attended Easter services Sunday
In the evening five military bands
Joined I'm a religious concert
A large amount of fruit, preserves.
tellies. grape juice and cigarets were
sent 10 the soldiers at the base hos
pital at Fort Bliss for Easter BY Re
view, AZ. Of the WOmens eBnefit Asso-
ciafion of ATaccabees
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-04-24
U. S. DELAYS ITS
CARRANZA REPLY


Continued from page j.
tirement suggested would cut the lines
Of communications to 100 miles Of the
border base. The shorter line could be
maintained with case. they said, re-
gardless Of the use of railroads, the
weather or the attitude of the Carranza
commanders. The forces would then be
able to take care Of themselves without
undue risk, whatever the developments
in Mexico They would also be able to
defend the border towns
To Retire 300 Miles.
IF Gen Funston's purpose is to es-
tablish his advanced lines around Casas
Graudes. a strip Of territory 800 miles
long would be rclinquished as the pres
ent most advanced American post is
near Parral. 400 miles south of the Dor
der. II is in this territory that Gen.
Carranza would be required to demons
trate his ability to secure complete
control, to stamp out brigandage, and,
if possible to capture or kill Villa. be-
fore the withdrawal from Mexico,
would be ordered.
May stimulate Activity.
The presence Of troops in Mexico
probably will have a decided influence
upon diplomatic negotiations with Gen.
Carranza- Some officials believe that if
a considerable part Of the territory now
covered by American forces is turned
back to the de factO government to DO
lice. the Carranza forces will be spurred
to great activity in chasing the bandits.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-04-24

HELDPRISONER
Carranza Officials Claim to
Have Captured Him in
Mountain Cave.

; SIN under the suffering of unheaIed
1,r11et wounds in both legs, famished
fo,. food fever stricken because Of the
lack Of water, Pablo Lopez, one of
pspcbo Villas bandits, was discovered
an Friday by constitutionalist troops
in a cave near Santa ISABEL With him
yvas one of his followers, but this man
escaped.
anDounced Monday morning that he
had received a message from Chihua
buo city saying that Martin Lopez. a
Erother of Pablo Lopez, had asked the
MAYOR of Bustillos for amnesty and this
was now being arranged.
TnISen To chihuahua.
News of the capture of Pablo Lopez
reached Juorez on Sunday afternoon
and shortly thereafter it was given out
bv Gen. Gavira- Later news was re-
ceived that Lopez had reached Chihua-
hua on saturday night and that. after
the formalities OF a trial Lopez, and his
men would be publicly shot
Pablo Lopez developed to the last de-
gree the theory Of criminologists that
a criminal will return to the scene of
his crime When the news of the MUIR
der Of the is Americans at Santa
Ysabel reached FL Paso several months
ago with that news came the word:
1T was Lopez who engineered the
massacre
Lopez and His Bloody Record.
And though the deed was clothed
with the personality Of Pancho Villa.
there was from many sources the con-
hrmatiOn that Lopez had been on the
ground; that he had chosen the narrow
passageway between the steep cliffs of
the canyons for the trapping of the
mining men, that he had led in the
assault that left but one man to tell
the story
When Columbus was raided. Pablo
Lopez is chadged with having been one
Of the evil geniuses Of that massacre.
In the aftermath Of the happening.
word sifted back to the American mill
tary that Lopez had been shot through
the thighs and that the loyalty Of his
men alone saved him from being left
1n the sand stretches.
His passage south evading Consti-
nationalist troops and American cav
ilrymen has been n long, perilous.
-ortuous one. There was no day buC
What capture or death seemed the |
natural outcome. Spent, cOwed. worn. |
amished, he was trapped, so they say |
n Santa Ysabel, by a handful OF Con /
titutiOnalists.
Fully Identified.
\ telegram received by Gen Gavira.
commander OF the Juarez garrison /
rom Gen. Gutierrez, military governor /
II chihuahua, stated that Lopez had /
lad been fully identified. The
'andits initials were found on the
addle and bride of his horse and when
sopez was brought into Chihuahua. he /
vas quickly recognized. Lopez was
realty emaciated from hunger In the /
ave where he was found were two
llies ana plenty Of ammunition.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-04-24
ARMY PLANE IS
WRECKED; | HURT

San Antonio, Texas, April 24-An-
other airplane was wrecked and one
OF its occupants slightly injured in a
fall west Of Chihuahua, according TO n
report received today by Gen. Funston.
Lieuts. Willis and Dargue we're re-
turning from chihuahua to the Ameri-
can line when the accident occurred.
Willis's head was injured and one OF
his ankles sprained. They destroyed
what was left OF the machine, and
walked to San Antonio.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-04-24

2 pkgs. Fancy Evaporated APP
pies for ................2 Use
EvapOrated Cranberries, pkg. .fOc
4 lbs. White Cooking Figs for 3Oc
Seeded Raisins, Fancy. per pkg.10c
Seedless Raisins, Fancy, pkgs.
LOT -..---..--.s ss.-s-s.s sG9C
81 lbs. Fancy Pink Beans for .25c
8 lbs. Fancy Black Eyed Peas
lot ..-.-........ -.s--.-.... .EoC
81 lbs. Fancy Garsbonzas for 25c
3 lbs. Fancy Lima Beans for. .25c
Toe cans Solid Pack Tomatoes
Tor s....-.- -.-..-s.-...-..... &c
15c cans Country Gentleman
Corn for .-....--.........
10c cans Valley Brand Corn,
Tor -..--...--.s.--.. ..2oc
15c cans Sifted Early June
Peas, Tor ..-.......-.......25e
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-04-24
Hollingsworth and Perea
Say CarTancistas in Son
ora Are Friendly.

DR. j. J. Hollingsworth. Of AIuskogee.
okla. who has been treating Carranza
wounded ia Sonora, for the last two
years, and NJ N. Perea, Of El Paso.
connected with the aviation corps OF
the Carranza government as master
mechanic arrived today from Hermo-
sllo, Sonora Although they left
Mexico, because Of the order stopping
the payment Of gold to foreign en-
ployes, they report generous treatment
on the part of the Carranza govern
ment, MS they were given each 500 i'm
excess OF the amount called for In their
contracts.
sonora - Quiet.
Conditions in Sonora are very quiet,
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-04-24
AMERICANS QUIT CARRANZA JOBS

they say, without any manifestations
Of hard feelings whatever between the
natives and the Americans there. A
large amount OF artillery was concen-
trated at HermosillO Just after the
Columbus raid to be sent to the bor-
der but for what reason only the Car
rancista officers know. It is still
there left on flat cars for further Or
ders.
Carrnncistas Friendly.
Dufing the first excitement On the
border. the commandant told the
Americans that if any villa sympa-
thizers threatened or insulted them. he
would have such offenders summarily
shot.
MeNicans have taken the places
vacated by DR.. Hollingsworth and Mr.
Ierea in the CarranZa service
dollar saved by buying goods pro-
duced elsewhere is a dollar thrown at
your neighbor's birds
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-04-24
FIVE SICK SOLDIERS COME
MONDAY; ONE HAS RHEUMATISM

Five sick soldiers from Mexico ar
rived Monday afternoon from Columbus
and were sent to the Fort Bliss hospital.
One was helpless from rheumatism He
was II. W. Knuth, a private in company
3. seventh infantry. whose home is IN
Pittsburg Pa. Private Knuth is a vet
eran of three engagements in Mexico
since the American troops entered to
hunt for Villa. The other four sick
men have minor ailments
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-04-24
80 RIOTERSIN
PARRAL HELD
Herrera Executes Two;
American Says People
Bitter, Favor Villa.


Gen. Luis Herrera arrived in Parral
/ on April II, and on April IS over 30
| arrests of Villa sympathizers were
made, and on April 10. at sunrise, two
OF the men implicated in the rioting
on April 10, were shot.
This information was brought to ii
Paso on Sunday night by Frank Hale
a citizen OF Parral. who was in Par
raj during the mob violence against
the American soldiers.
Il think Gen Herrera is loyal to Car
ranzo,T said Hale, but I have no in
tention of going back to find out.
got enough of Parral on the day that
the women emptied their sIop jars
and spitoons on top OF the soldiers
from the upper windows. and the mob
let open their guns.
IF I had been close to the AIneri-
can soldiers, I'd have gone out with
them. but there was a half mile gap
that ! couldn't span, so l beat it, JUST
about as hard as a fellow can beat It,
to a house where a woman looked as
If she wouldn't tell, and 1 stayed there
very quiet and orderly, until the
trouble was over.
People Are Sore
There were three Mexican men
killed in the trouble and two Mexican
women. Right now everybody down
there is sore. They are going 20 be
sore a long time Mayor Herrera, the
father Of Gen. Luis Herrera. is still
on the job, and the people who caused
the trouble are going to hear from 1t.
He tried his best to make the people
behave, but they just threw rocks and
fruit at him and told him to Go to H
"Most Of the people In Parral are
Villa sympathizers, anyway. The idea
is being spread in the town that villa
proposes to send men in and take the
place. I don't know what they would
do with it after they got it, unless
to loot There are some provisions,
but not a great deal
West OF the town, up in the noun
tains I've been told that there are a
lot of bandits, perhaps as many as 500.
If they wanted to, they could take
Parral.
Some say villa is dead and a lot |
Just laugh il you say, Well I UNDER !
stand that Villa is dead Some say |
he's wounded and hiding out and 9TH /
ers that he isn't wounded at all L |
kind of believe he's wounded.
NO, I'm not going back. I know |
when it's time TO swear off on bad !
habit and I amt going to make Parral |
a habit these days"
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-04-24
stop Train to Butcher Cow.
ATTENTION REPTRTJCKNs

at the county court room Tuesda 1,
night April 25. at o'clock: this will
be an important and interesting meet
ing. Try and come
r. A. Hazard Republican County
Chairman.
W. ". Case. Republican County
Chairman
(Political Advertisement
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-04-24
COWBOY IS DROWNED;
HORSE TIRED; CAN'T SWIM

Globe. Ariz.. April 24-His horse
tired by n long journey and unable to
swim strongly. JEFF Markham. a well
known cowboy, was drowned while
trying to ford Salt river.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-04-24

2 tall cans CarnatiOn Milk for 15c
small cans Carnation Milk
1or -..-.-...--- .-....-....-.l oc
Eagle Brand Milk, per can. e. 15c
SOC bottle Horliek's Matted
MIX Tor ..-.-....-....... .4fc
S1.00 bottle for. .s2c
? round alright packages
NutrO Oats for. .............15c
Cream of Rice, something new,
very good, per package. ....15c
4 square pkgs. Gold Medal Corn
Flakes for ............25 c
3 large round alright packages
for ............ .25c
3 pounds small Prunes for. Csc
? lbs. medium size Prunes for. .25c
Special Evaporsted Peaches, lb.10c
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-04-24
sTnssnEed In New Orleans.

On March 90. when Villa is reported
to have been wounded in Guerrero in an
engagement between Constitutional and
Villista troops an osteOpath in San AM
tonic named DR.. Percival Ruzrus,
massased a man that resembled Pancho
The man had large brown teeth, dan.
Continued on Page TweIve.l
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-04-24

wv AnBeIes, CaIIf., gave a curious
American public the word that
she recently saw Paneho Villa seated in
a large black motor car. and that she
knew it was villa. because she had seen
him upon numerous occasions while do.
ing Red Cross work in Mexico. II de-
veloped a wave of identifications across
the United States.
Herald has. since this Los Angeles
statement Of April 2t, received manv
kilograms from all points Of the conf
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-04-24

pass in which there is a perfectly con.
nected running story to show that
Panoho did escape from his pursuers il
Mexico, and that he is now somewhere
between Raleigh, n. c., and Pasadena,
Calf
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-04-24
Pancho, With and Without His Leg.
Is Seen From Raleigh To Pasadena
Is Positively Identified by Many People, Always
han, Brown Teeth Back; Meet
at Suez Canal Probably.
By JOHN H. REGAIN

" THEN Mrs. Rose Cohn. of Los
w Angeles, Calf, gave a curious