The Arvada enterprise., 1916-12-07

exact relations between the. rusts
found on wild grasses and those on
| cereals. The matter is found to be
| somewhat complex. There can be no
| doubt that the grasses have marked
influence on the prevalence of rust,
and that wheat rust cpidrmicS are con-
| sidcrahly promoted by the common
wild grasses. The different ruSts are
found, however, only on certain kinds
of grasses and these relationships, to.
| gGthrr with the possible effect of the
| grasses on the virulrnce of an cpl
dcmic. are now being investigated.
Rustcd Seed
| Another extremely Important Qucs.
ton under investigation Is that of
| rust in the seed. 1t has been known
for some time that in hadly-rustcd
| fields the rust If often present even
| on the tips OF the wheat seeds. II has
| been thought by some that this rust
might be transmitted by the seed to the
young Seeding and thus start the cpl.
| drmic again in the following spring
| Evidence from field and greenhouse
experiments conducted up to the pres
| rnt time does not support this view,
but conclusive evidence Is dependent
on further Investigation.
AS far as is known at the present
| time ii is safe to take seed from n
ruStcd field. 1t Is necessary. however,
that the lightweight. snrunkcn kcr.
ncls be removed and only the heaviest
seed ohtainahlc used from such u
field. Much OF the wheat from this
years crop is of very poor quality,
and should be thoroughly famed and
screened. Special effort should be
made this year to provide for good
seed wheat for next year. Gcrminn-
ton tests, of course. should be made
Cooperative Work.
number of state experiment sta
tons are vitality Interested in the rust
work and are cooperating with the
cereal pathologist of the department.
| The stripe rust in the western states,
its distribution and occurrence. topcth-
or with its life history and varlciul re-
| lallonS, are nj present under inycSti-
| cation.
There is also considerable co-opcrn.
tive work being done on the variety
testing and breeding of cereals for rust
resistance. The major portion of this
work is devoted to wheat, but oats is
also receiving some attention. In this
work rust nurseries are maintained Mt
four experiment stations where each
year nn artificial epidemic Is secured,
thus allowing for continuous rust rec
"rdS ON any given variety, and also in
surfing the most severe rust conditions
possible. Work on spring wheat is in
progress at the Minnesota station; at
ia" Iowa station ON spring oats; at the
Kansas station on soft winter whcuts
and AT III" Tennessee station ON soft
winter whcats and winter oats. The
field trials on rust resistance are sup.
pl"mcntcd by grccnhous" tests. where
both Seeding and mature plants nr,
ariiiicinlly inoculatcd with rust and
degree of infection noted.
Testing and Breeding.
The results on the variety testing
for resistance up to the present tim,
have demonstrated several general
facts. None of the common, or so
called bread spring wh"ais, Is to any
useful degree immune to the st"u
rust attack. The most commonl,
grown of these susceptible vari"ti",
of spring whcats are the Fif"s, Blu.
stems, and bearded whcuts, includin,
such varieties rs Marquis, Power Fife
Haynes Eu"stcm, Prelude and Pres
' ton. ON III" other hand. IL has beer
, ahundnntly demonstrated that crrtair
. varieties of durum and cmmcr nrc cx
I tr"mcly resistant to the rust In con
$ irnst 10 til" common spring wh"uis
= This fact Inns been very clearly dem
f "nStrnt"d In ia" rust epidemic of ia,
z pust season, where the common
I wh"nts, ms well ms many varieties %
= durun wh"ats w"r" very heavily rust
/. ed. while other adjacent rows of du
T. rum wheat w"r" practically clean %
/. rust. In the field many farmers sui
- f"rud sever" loss Ia their durum crul
I on account of Ia" rust, while other
70 Obtained yields of two To tire" tim"
: uS many bushels of better grade whon
i than was obtained from IA" common
+ bread whontS In the sam" vicinity
i This demonstrates very strongly tn
necessity for planting, whcr" durui
i wheat Is successfully grown, only ia
= resistant types.
u Fertilizers and Rusts.
The results, obtained particularly u
>, ia" Minnesota station In dcl"rminiu
= the effect Of nrlInrlnl fertilizers ol
j ruSts Indicate That soil fertilizers d.
hot plny an important pnrl either ip
or against r"sistuuc" In II r"nl n"l,
g epidemic, ana ihnt ns II fnCipr In furu
!. practice, IL" relations between IA" uu
" plIcntlou Of commercial fertilizers m,
I H." rust can lnrRrIy b" IISr"gurd"d
D Il .EL..- L-ml-Iu LuEEnl.uLL. tLuL ..--