davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-08-05
HARTER EXPLAINS HIS
VERSION OF ELECTION
Says That Bower offered TO Move
For 500.

In the case of Herbert Harter,
charged with forcible entry and de-
tainer. the trial was continued I'M
til Thursday. as was that of Victor
DeFreeze. charged with the same
crimes.
Harter. whom Zwingili A. Bower
accuses of ejecting him from a
home. contends that Bower was
merely an employe of his and not
a tenant, that Bower was furnished
with a place to live and should
move when he Quit his position as
employe of Harter's. Harter says
that he offered to secure home for
Bower free Of rent for two months
and that Bower refused the offer
but said that he would move for
$40. After further conversations
Bower raised the amount 20 500.
Then Harter had Bower elected.
Harter says that he offered to get
a room az a hotel for Bowers wife
and children until Bower could find
a place in which to live. Bower,
on advice of his attorney. refused
the offer.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-08-05
DOLLAR DAY" IS
THURSDAY AUG. d
South Bend Merchants Pre-
pairing For Big Seminar
nuaI Bargain Event.

Dollar Day-one Of the big buying
events Of the year in South Bend be-
cause of the unusual bargains offer
ed in every type of merchandise
will again be observed on Thursday,
Aug. "a. Practically every merchant
in the city is now making arrange
ments for the event. with the end in
view of making this Dollar Day
eclipse all that have gone before.
The day is celebrated semi-annually
IN South Bend.
From a day of small, scattered,
indifferent dollar sales, it has grown
10 such proportions that now nearly
all the merchants enthusiastically
participate. Enthusiastic buying has
or course increased the merchants
respect for the feature. and all con-
slider Dollar Day now as an event Of
real Importance on the store cal
endar. Plans for the special dollar
bargains are made weeks in advance
and the stores are thronged with
eager, enthusiastic shoppers when
the day rolls around, as a result.
South Bend merchants have lined
up sohdly behind Dollar Day this
year. The newspapers have agreed
TO boost the day in every way pos
sible. and tremendous sales with the
people getting the advantage of the
unusual dollar offers, promise TO be
the result
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-08-05
What the French Maid Told Marjorie
az IANE LOWELL

with drawer space, when what they
really need is a good substantial
couch bed, with soft mattress bed
ding that can be aired every day,
and a good space beneath the bed
to conceal the laundry box, the suit
case and travelling bags. that in the
absence of a store room usually en-
cumber the clothes closet
Every piece OF furniture should
be selected with a view TO making
it serve a dual purpose Instead of
a spindle-eged desk, one with a few
substantial drawers would be more
practical. A hot box rack made 10
hold two cretonne covered boxes can
be made still more attractive by a
fiat broad top. covered with a pretty
doilie and topped with a vase or
image.
"A perfectly fitted sewing basket
is another feature OF her equipment
and an iron stored way out of sight
never leaves her at the mercy of the
weather or her laundress. should the
hem OF her skirt get wet or her last
clean stock meet with a mishap.'
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-08-05
MARIE ON HONEY ROOMS.

ct have a girl cousin who isn't very
well and must go to the country
for the whole summer. the doctor
says" quoth Marjorie. It's too bad
and / am afraid she will be awfully
lonesome. but father has consented
20 my going with her for a week
TO help her get settled Her folks
cannot afford much Of a room. but
I know ! can fix it up nicely. if you
viii only help me, Marie"
Certainly 1 will" returned Marie,
and / am sure YOU can make it
almost like home TO her"
If you are really in earnest you
will be surprised 10 find how soon
your room will grow cosey, how it
will seem to wait for your return,
and how welcome it's cheeriness will
be 10 you. For your room must be
CHEEKY. 10 needn't be large or lux
urious. but if you know how to Sc
Iect room. you can eliminate many
inconvenient features. and the gray
ness that comes with the most ex-
pensive apartments.
Many girls turn to box touches
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-08-05

son study was Discussions of Home
Missions in Action in charge OF
Mrs u. .. Miller. and the devotion
ais were led 10y Mrs. Edward Kersh-
ner. Mrs. q. Spaid conducted the
wonder box exercises. Refreshments
ments were served near the close
Mrs T.. :. Gerber. rs F. Ohio St,
will entertain the club the first Fri
day in September.
The Women's Missionary society
Of the First Presbyterian church met
al the church parlocs yesterday af-
ternoon for their regular monthly
meeting. Mrs. J. Q. Paxson conduct
ed the devotional services and Mrs.
Frank Haas had charge of the les
son study on China" Following
the program the ladies enjoyed re-
freshments served by Mrs. c. r.
LYDIA Urquhart The next meeting
viii be Sept 1 at the church.
The officers and committees of the
Trinity PRESBYTERIAN church met Fri
dav afternoon for a business meet
ing az the home Of Mrs. Mary Brown,
127 y. Hill 81 The entire afternoon
was devoted 10 the transaction Of
business and arrangements were
made for the serving Of lunches at
Springbrook park during the week
OF the fair IN September. Aside from
this no new plans were made.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-08-05
EXPECT PEACE
AND VICTORY
Great Britain Celebrates Sec
Ond Anniversary of En-
trance Into Great War.

LONDON, Aug. I've look for
ward with confidence to success and
triumphant peace" was the conclu-
sion of an inspiring telegram from
Gen. Sir Douglas Haig. commander
Of the British armies in France. read
at a packed meeting in Queens hall
tonight TO celebrate the second ami
versary Of the war.
The earl of Derby. under score
tary Of war, presided at the meeting.
which was most enthusiastic and
representative Of all classes of so
ciety Earl Derby read a telegram
from Admiral Sir John Jelhcoe. com
mander-in-chief Of the British grand
fleet. which was similar in tenor to
that sent by Gen. Haig.
In "A brief speech Earl Derby said
Notwithstanding our losses and
the misery and anxiety caused by the
war. the empire is just as deter
mined as ever TO see German mill
tarism crushed. Although the end
Of the war may not be in sight, never
have we stood in so favorable a posi-
tion as tonight"
Premier Asquith received ire
mendous reception when he moved d
resolution expressing the infleXlble
determination of the people Of Lon
don 10 continue the war 10 sue
cessful end II later was carried by
reclamation.
Our navy" the premier said
with its ever-tightening grip Is
thrOttling the life OF Germany and
never in history has there been such
demonstrative proof Of the supreme
importance Of the command Of the
seas. The enemy is everywhere on
the defensive. That is all the more
reason why the allies should cooper
ate and maintain the struggle with
increasing tenacity
The recrudescence Of deli berate
and calculated barbarity on the part
Of Germany indicates her sense Of
desperation"
The premie- was greeted with an
outburst of applause when ne re-
peated the statement ne made in the
house Of commons that the entente
allies were considering how 20 deal
with German atrocities
He concluded by stating that all
the allied army stats are agreed that
the prospects for an allied victory
have never been so bright and that
the final result Of their victory would
be "A great partnership Of nations
in the joint pursuit OF "A freer and
fuller life for the countless millions.
who by the efforts and sacrifices Of
generation after generation. have
maintained progress and enriched
the inheritance OF humanity."
Andrew BOnar Law. minister Of
state for the colonies. characterized
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-08-05
PERSONALS

W W. Atwood of Memphis, Tenn,
is visiting his sister, Mrs. Charles
Clarke. 23OS Mishawaka av. MIR.
Atwood is general inspector for the
Mutual Life Insurance Co. of New
York.
Miss Marian Larkworthy OF st.
Joseph, who has been visiting with
Mrs. Z. Jay Smith, 213 z. South ST..
for the past week. has returned home
accompanied by Mrs. Smith
Samuel Gentle. 21S Z. South St.
will spend Sunday in st. Joseph.
Mr.. and Mrs. Edward Motifs. Sill
Cleveland av., left Saturday for
Chautauqua. Inn. Pine lake, where
they will spend their vacation.
Ike Hutchins. MIR. and Mrs. L.
Gaik. Mrs. II. Peak and Mrs. T..
"Idle-a-while" cottage, Fish lake.
Mr. and Mrs. Walter NJ. Hide
brand. 625 Riverside drive. have
gone to Culver for few days.
Mrs. william Bernhard and son.
William, SIS y. St Joseph ST, have
returned from months stay at
White lake, Mich.
Mrs. Minnie OFT. 122 y. Carlisle
st. will leave the city this evening
for a visit in Stevensville. Mich
Mrs. Edward Miller. y. Huey St,
has returned from Hammond. Ind.
where she attended the funeral OF a
relative.
W. h Lamport left yesterday for
several weeks vacation at Phelps
Wis.
The Misses Katherine and Minnie
Felts OF Oneida. y. Y. are visiting
their cousins. William and Elizabeth
Toepp. Kuntsman flats, w Wash
ington av.
Mrs. Frank Irwin. SCI y Allen St.
IS spending a few days IN Niles.
:. z Reister. 525 Allen st. is
visiting relatives in New Albany. Ind.
Miss Clara Pawloviwicz OF Mil
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-08-05
SOCIETY AND OTHER INTERESTS OF WOMEN

Announcement mas been made OF
the marriage OF Miss Edna kotz and
Charles M1mtt az Laporte July "a.
Miss Kotz is the daughter OF Mr..
and Mrs. William y. Kotz. SOS Lin
coin way vs.. and Mr.. Mofitt is the
son OF Mrs. Mary Momtt. 1888 Haney
av. Mr. and Mrs. Milton Ort were
the attendants After the ceremo ny
the couple left for a western trip.
stopping in Fargo and Lisbon. y. D..
Denver. Colo, Seattle. Wash. and
Portland ore. They have consid-
cred locating IN the west but are I'M
decided as 20 where 10 would be.
Winners Of the mem bership con-
test between the two sides OF the
Guiding Light class of the Grace "
T. Sunday school were entertained
by the losing side at the home OF
Miss Pearl Seward. 20 s. Eddy ST..
riday night The affair was an
cld-fashioneG lawn party and old
fashioned games were enjoyed
throughout the evening. The lawn
was prettily decorated with japanese
lanterns. Late in the evening refresh
ments we're served TO the SO girls
present.
The Women's Mission circle Of
the First Baptist church was en-
tertaiped al the home Of Mrs VIII
liam Soiarek. 1920 S. Michigan St.
yesterday afternoon. The devOtionals
were led by Mrs. r r. Turk. and
Mrs. George Bill, who was in charge
of the program. gave d general talk
on Korea" Mission Quiz" was
discussed by Mrs. T. J. Miller and
Mrs. Morse favored with "a vocal solo.
Miss G. Marie Parish gave an in
teresting reading. Near the close Of
the afternoon the hostess, assisted
by Mrs. A. Hamilton, Mrs. W W.
Davis Mrs Mason Quick. Mrs r.
Rex and MISS Alice McRea. served
dainty refreshments. The next meet
ing will be held Sept 1 with Mrs
James Findlater. 1899 Yukon av.
Mrs. A. Frank Eby STA w. la
sale av.. was hostess 20 the Wom-
ems Missionary society OF Westmin-
ster Presbyterian church Friday af-
ternoon. The time was spent socially
and a fine program was rendered.
Mrs. Hardy led the devotiOnals and
Mrs Roy MikeseH and Mrs James
Cover gave a piano duet. The Light
bearers sang and Miss L.uella Bridge
favored with an instrumental solo.
Readings were given by Miss Eliza
beth Beyrer. Mrs Drayton, Miss
Bridge and Mrs. Lawrence Dunbar.
A social hour followed the program
and refreshments were served to 30
guests ON Sept. ! Mrs c. L. Copp.
72S California av-. will be hostess to
the club members.
The regular monthly meeting of
the Women's Missionary society OF
the Conference Memorial United
Brethren church was held Friday
evening with Rev and Mrs. c. r.
Dyer. so S. st. Joseph st. The les
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-08-05
ENGINEER AND FIREMAN
VICTIMS OF WRECK
CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE

ordered the employe TO stop break
ing open the packages.
other in so authoritative a tone that
the former ceased.
Have you any right to tell me
what TO do" inquired the employee.
You bet 1 have" responded the
The stranger was Chief Montgom-
cry Of the Lake Shore detective
force
c. NJ. Little. 4O2 N Main St, this
city. tramped along the~track Tor two
miles in search of a telephone.
When he arrived at a farm house
he discovered that he had taken his
grip with him and had been Juggling
it all the distance. Little called the
police headquarters and Motorcycle
Policeman Olmstead was sent to the
scene. Sergt Barnhart, Chief Kues-
part and Detectives DelinsH and
Van Dusen were also there, and af-
ter examining the wreckage return
ed to South Bend.
According TO the passengers, the
train was travelling at no great rate
of speed. One small station had
been passed and the train was re-
ported so TO the South Bend sta
ton.
One-half hour later, after the
train had been long due, word was
received that an accident had hap
pened. but the full extent Of the
damage was not known.
When the relief train arrived at
South Bend the bodies we're taken to
the Kreighbaum morgue. Automo-
biles met the passengers and took
them TO their homes.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-08-05
LOW COST OF LIVING MENUS
BY MRS. FLORENCE NAY.

boils, season with a saItspoon of salt
and one-half a teaspoon of pepper.
Pour rhis gravy over the chicken
and serve hot
Fig nut and tomato salad-ScOop
out the centers of ripe tomatoes,
drain the pulp and mix il with chop
ped figs. pecans and mayonnaise.
Then fill the cavities with this mix
ture.
Cherry Dumplings-Sift one and a
half cups of flour Add one tea
spoon of cream of tartar, one-half
teaspoon of soda. one tablespoon of
butter. and enough milk TO make a
smooth batter. Butter coffee cups,
put in a tablespoon Of batter, then a
layer of sweetened fruit until the
cups are two-thirds full Steam from
forty to forty-fve minutes and serve
hot with pudding sauce.
SUPPER.
Syslian Sandwiches-Mix one large
cream cheese with half a cup of
cherries. Moisten with salad dress
ing and add two or three teaspoons
of lemon juice and a few grains of
salt. Place between thin slices OF
buttered bread and cut into rounds
with a small biscuit cutter
Crawford Notch coffee-Pour one
cup of water over three tablespoons
of cocoa. stirring until dissolved.
Then add two cups of sugar and boil
three minutes This will keep in a
cool place two or three weeks. Put
one tablespoon Of this syrup in a
tumbler ard fill with cold coffee,
crushed ice and, on top. teaspoon
of whipped cream.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-08-05
AUTO PARADE CUPS
PLACED ON DISPLAY
Beautiful Trophies Will be Present
ed For Best Decorated
Cars.

The prize cups 10 be offered by the
South Bend Indiana Centennial asso-
citation for decorated automobiles
were placed on exhibition today in
one of tho windows of the George H.
Wheelock e. CO. store. The automO-
bile parade Is expected 10 be one of
the big features of the celebration
and the prizes have already received
much favorable comment Later
the cups will be taken To other dis
play windows in the city and to
Mishawaka, New Carlisle and other
cities in the county.
The awards have been confined
to the fiorally decorated division of
the parade and the entire six cups
will be given as prizes for the best
fior.'ly decorated automobile. All
OF the cups are gold and silver. of
handsome design, exquisite finish
and will be priced mementoes for
those fortunate enough to secure
them. The cup offered for first
prize 5 is inches in height, is mount
ed on an ebonized base, is butter
finish silver. gold lined with ham,
mered trainings and handles. The
second ,m1ss is a silver cup IL inches
high, also gold lined and of hand
some design and mounted on an eb-
oniZed base.
Two Prizes Offered.
In the electrical division of the pa
rade, two prizes are offered for the
best florally decorated electric car.
The first prize in this division is a
silver cup, lined with gold. 1412 in
ches in height and the second is a
silver vase of exquisite design with
handles. 16 inches high.
The two remaining cups for the
best hOrally decorated commercial
trucks either gasoline or electric are
similar to the other four and will be
appreciated awards. sufficient 10 en-
thuse automobile owners and driv-
ers, especially women to deliberately
decorate their cars.
The cups will no doubt be inspect
ed with much interest as they will
be found prizes of a fitting scale TO
do credit TO Indiana's centennial cell
ebration in St. Joseph county.
A H. Cushing. director of the pa
rade reports number of people who
are unusually interested and en-
Unused in the affair
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-08-05

waukee is visiting Mr.. and Mrs. c
Kuraszkewicz, 1905 Linden av.
Miss Gertrude Burner. 1116 W
Colfax av., has gone TO Klinger lake
20 spend a few weeks
Steven Clinart. Rush St. has re-
turned after spending a two weeks
vacation with friends at Magician
lake. Mich.
Mr. and MIS-. 3. Carr. Van Burer
st. have returned after a short visit
at Pleasant lake.
Frank Irwin, 521 Allen ST. viii
leave Saturday for a visit in Cope
mish. Mich.
Robert Galloway, 1916 S. Michigan
St. has gone to Eagle lake 10 join
his parents for a months stay.
Miss Marie Maloney. 614 Rush st,
has returned after spending a week
at Magician lake.
Henry Kraft Of Evanston. Ill. is
Visiting Mr.. and Mrs. G. A. Seeg-
mueller $50 Allen st.
Mrs. George Ireland. who has been
visiting in Minneapolis, Mimi. with
her daughter for the past six weeks,
has returned 10 her home, sos n.
Main ST.
Mrs. II. Herzberg of Milwaukee.
Wis, who has been visiting in To-
ledc, will arrive Saturday 10 be the
guest of Mrs. w. B. Beecher. 5O7
~ Main St, for an extended time.
Mrs. j. Renfranz. Mrs. Beecher's
mother, will also visit her.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-08-05
PAIR SEPARATES ON
SEVENTH ANNIVERSARY

Emma G. Bright and Charles
Osborn Bright separated on their
seventh wedding anniversary. ac-
cording 70 a suit for divorce filed by
the former against her husband in
superior court Saturday morning.
They were married July Is. 1909,
and parted July Is. this year She
charges that her husband has failed
10 provide for her. Mrs. Bright
asks for her former name. Emma
Constance Tucker
Cruel treatment is CHARGED by
Sadie Wiz in "A divorce suit that
has been filed in superior court
against Isaac WITT. They were
married Nov. 4. 1902. and separated
last month. She asks for her form
er name. Sadie Sears
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-08-05
DIES AT PENAL FARM
Parents Refuse to- Claim Body of
Jack kowalski.

Jack Kowalski who was sent to
the penal farm on August ,, charged
with stealing a pair of shoes, died
at that institution Thursday evening
from a complication of diseases.
When Kowalski came TO trial he
asked Chief Kuespert If the chief
would go 10 the city court judge and
suggest that Kowalski be sent TO the
penal farm instead of TO the county
jail on account of poor health. This
was done and the prisoner was sent
TO the farm
His parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Anthony
KOwalski 1921 Poland St. refused
TO claim the body of their son. say
ing that they are too poor To pay the
burial expenses and asking that the
state care for the body
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-08-05
NORTH JUDS0N YOUTH
RUNS AWAY FROM HOME

James DOwnie. 15-year-old son Of
Dr. Charles DOwnie of North Jud-
son. Ind. ran away from his home
early this morning. according to a
report received by the police today
II Is believed that the boy boarded
the c. l. and 5. TO come to South
Bend.
The boy has light hair. wore a
black coat and blue serge trousers
and a white and black checke-ed
cap. One front tooth is misciiAs.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-08-05
81 PRODUCERS IN MART
SATURDAY MORNING

The summers record for the num-
Der of dealers on the city market
was broken Saturday morning when
81 producers had their goods on
sale This mark is about 20 lower
than last summers record. there
having been more than 100 dealers
on the mart one morning
Saturdays prices were the same
as they have been for the past two
weeks. Sweet corn sold from 10
cents per dozen. Dressed spring
chickens were 80 cents per pound
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-08-05
DRAWS TWO EMS.

Arthur olsen. arrested on JaH 90
by officers Olmstead and Devos for
drunkenness and resisting an orfcer
was fined 81 and costs in police
court Satdrday morning Tor the in-
toUication charge and given a SIS
suspended fine for asaultinE an Of
6cer
olsen admitted striking Omcer De-
vOs when the policeman attempted
10 arrest him. and ran from the off,
Ger, but was caught by Omccr Ohm
stead
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-08-05
IN MILADY'S BOUDOIR
By GWEN STARS.

The motion should be upwards and
outwards always.
To refresh the eyes when they are
dull and listless. a towel wrung out
in hot water laid across them will
sometimes act as benefcially as a
nap, and If one is in a hurry 10 at
tend a dinner or theater. this is an
effective way 10 freshen I'D.
The eye cup should be used at
least once week. A pinch OF borax
powder mixed with warn water is a
soothing lotion
Never use any kind Of drops or
medicine in the eyes unless pre-
scribed by a good doctor. Although
the eyes are very powerful it is easy
10 ruin them with a false step.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-08-05
BANK CLEARiNGS GAIN
Increase Of S326,5OS il shown over
same Week Of 1915.

Bank clearings for the week show
an increase OF S326,509 over tho
same week Of last year. The total
for the week was S2.04e.s5@. while
for the same days Of 1915 they were
only S1.720.f3C Mondays clear
ances were the largest Of the week.
Sf97.s54- Following are the daily
clearings Monday S49T354. Tues
day, S37o,97S; wednesday. se4g.a67:
THURSDAY 328S,740. Friday. $685.
sos. saturday. S250.eS5.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-08-05
FOR TIRED EYEs.

one can never know too much
about the two little servants who
make our lives so bright and worth
while
We abuse them. overwork them.
ignore them when they are>tired and
beg for sleep. and never battle them
when they are dusty.
Poor. little eyes. the windows Of
the soul. how little attention milady
gives you.
A light massage after a long tired
day viii brighten the eyes 100 fold
Never rub them, simply massage.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-08-05
SUNDAY.
BREAKFAST.

BhEAhf AS 4.
Canteloupe.
Kidney beans with Cheese.
Buttered coast. Coffee.
DINNER.
Virginia smothered chicken.
Baked potatoes. String beans.
Fig nut and tomato salad.
Cherry Dumplings.
SUPPER.
Vegetable Jelly Salad.
Syslian Sandwiches.
Crawford Notch coffee.
Lemon drop cakes.
BREAKFAST.
Kidney beans with cheese-Put
two tablespoons of butter y a pan,
add one can of kidney beans, one
small green pepper. minced fine. and
little onion. Cook until the pep
pers are tender. Add one and a
half cups of grated cheese. and when
melted serve on toast
DINNER.
Virginia smothered chicken-Split
a chicken down the back, and season
with teaspoon Of salt and
pepper 10 taste. Put into a
dripping pan with a cup of
hot water and let it remain
in the oven until tender AS
soon as il begins TO brown, make a
paste of two tablespoons each OF
butter and flour. and spread over the
chicken. basting il every ten min
utes with the dripping in the pan.
until brown. set the pan containing
the drippings over the fire, pour into
it a cup of rich milk stir until II
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-08-05
AUTOS IN COLLISION
Casimir Gish Suffers Sprained Leg
i'm Accident.

Two automobiles. driven by Cast
mir Gish, 731 W. Wayne St, and
Frank Delaine. a Ward taxi driver.
collided at the corner Of Division
and Lafayette SITS. about ! o'clock
Saturday morning. Gish suffered a
sprained leg and several cuts about
his face.
According TO Delaine's story,
Gishs car struck the taxicab De-
laine was driving west on Division
81. and Gish was going north on La
fayette st. when the accident hap
pened.