davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1916-11-09
.SHERRARD LEASES
TWO BIG HOTELS
Massachusetts Man to Take Charge of
the Van Ness and Vermont in Bur
Ington Tomorrow.

BURLINGTON, Nov. 81. A. Sher-
rard of Beach Bluff, Mass, is expected
to take over the Hotels Vermont and Van
Ness as lessee Nov TO-
Mr.. Sherrard is one of the best known
hotel men in New England. His early
hotel experience was in leading Boston and
New York hotels. He has been for eight
| years the lessee and proprietor OF Hotel
Preston, Beach Bluff, Mass, one of the
very finest resort hotels on the North
Shore near Marblehead Neck. He has also
been lessee of the Louisburg at Bar Har-
Dor, Maine, for seven years He was for
four years one of the proprietors of the
Colonial Arms, Eastern Point, Gloucester
Mass. He was connected with the Pine
hurst, North Carolina, hotel system for
i've winter seasons and was proprietor and
manager of Hotel Park in the-P Pines, Aiken,
South Carolina, six winter seasons The
Gedney Farm hotel at White Plains. New
York, a sl,0OO000 proposition, was built
and furnished throughout under the direc-
ton of Mr.. Sherrard, who had a l0-year
lease of the property which he sold in 1915
Mr.. Sherrard is an efficient hotel man
and an expert in every department.
Mr.. Sherrard will continue the opera
ton of the Hotel Preston in the summer
time and will retain Mr. Collamer, who
will be actively interested with him in
the management of the Hotels Vermont
and Van Ness
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1916-11-09
Sporting Notes.

Before large crowd of ninth grade
students, some high school students
and a following of outsiders the high
school freshman team was defeated at
football on Island park by the ninth
grade team by a score of to 6. In the
first half the freshmen rushed the ball
down the field, aided by two forward
passes, and scored touchdown but
missed the kick for goal The ninth
grade managed to score a touchdown
in the last period and kicked goal.
Manager Mathewson of Cincinnati
has picked up 4 pitching marvel who
is only II years old. This lad simply
had to break into major league at
this tender age because, it is said, he
could not get any catcher in the anna
teur or semi-pro ranks who could hold
his delivery. His name is Febris, and
he halls from Ripley, Ohio. In his last
amateur game Febris struck out Is
batsmen. Since no one could hold Fe
bris S delivery when he got those Il
strikeOuts, the catcher merely knocked
down the pitched balls and got 10 as
sists, a world s record, by throwing out
the runner at first base.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1916-11-09
ADJUSTMENTS
Motion Picture Attractions.

The attraction at the Empire today
VIII be The Heart of Tara, a five-act
drama featuring Margaret Gibson, also
the Bostock animals and The Secret of
the Submarine, in two acts Tomorrow
Ruth Roland in The Red Circle and 9th
er pictures will be shown.
Today the Princess theater presents
Cleo Ridgeley and Wallace Reid in the
Paramount feature, The Selfish Woman
story built around the change in
the heart of woman who marries a
man for selfish considerations; also Bill
lie Burke in the 18th chapter of Clio
ria s Romance. Tomorrow is Triangle
day. H. B. Warner in The Raiders will
be the main attraction, with Chester
Conklin in Bucking Society as an add
ed comedy feature.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1916-11-09
RIVERS FINDS CINCINNATI
is REGULAR HOODoO TOWN

% Joe Rivers, the California light 8
q weight, is off Cincinnati for life. g
q Joe has fought in the Ohio me- @
- tropolis twice and has met with @
q two serious injuries. Once he 9
8 fell and hurt his leg; another @
o time foul blow almost finished @
9 him. @
O Il guess this is my hoodoo 9
9 town. said Joe while packing @
@ his trunks preparatory to return g
Z. ing to Chicago. when fought g
&. Ritchie Mitchell there l hurt my g
@ leg so bad that / was out Of the g
o game all summer. Recently Joe @
q: Sherman, from Chicago. hit me @
@ low and almost ruined my fight @
G, ing chances in the future. l will g
o be back later on, but for the @
o time being | will confine my eff @
g forts to the east" g
% Rivers has been matched to @
@ meet Benny Leonard in New q
Z" York city on Nov. o. o
@ @
e. q, q, d. q, d. q, o. a, o. Ua d. a q, 4. o. d a
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1916-11-09
Virginia Welcomes Pur,.r Thurman.

Allan Thurman, the great punter and
drop kicker who was so big a figure in
Virginia's victory over Yale last sea-
son, has returned to Virginia and its
football squad. He has been with the
American ambulance corps in France
oil summer Thurman ranks as one OF
the best punters Of all time. In add.
tlon he IS wonderful football player.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1916-11-09
COACHES TAUGHT AT OREGON.
Agricultural College Has Training For
All Branches OF Athletics.

Training teachers to coach athletics
has been instituted ut the Oregon Agri-
cultural college The course, two hours
a week. Is comprised OF the following
items: Physical diagnosis. physical de-
partment methods. Red Cross certifi-
cate aid TO injured and hygiene pre-
yentive medicine, by DIR. f. A. Browne
head OF physical education; football,
baseball. track and field. ]. A. Pipal:
basketball, T. f.. May; gymnastics,
boxing and wrestling, James Arbuth-
not, and advanced gymnastics. DIR.
Browne.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1916-11-09
PERSONAL.

Mrs. Robert c. Clark is spending the
day in Northampton, Mass.
II. L. Emerson went to New York
yesterday on business trip.
Mrs. A. L. Schwenk returned Tues
day night from a 10days' stay in New
York.
Postmaster NJ. j. Moran, who was i'll
in his home on Chestnut hill, is out
again.
Miss Helen Kimball will go tomorrow
to Boston to spend the weekend with
friends.
Mrs. Kittredge Haskins is expected
to return Monday from visit in
Brooklyn.
Dennison Cowles went Tuesday to
New York city on business for Robbins
& Cowles.
Mrs. C. S. Pratt and mother, Mrs.
Royce, of East Putney are spending
the day in town.
Mrs. Thomas Rice has returned from
Boston, after spending a week with her
sister, Mrs. Ella Pratt.
Mrs. F. w. Kuech went this morning
where she will visit until Saturday.
Miss Sarah Bonney of Whitman,
Mass, is visiting in town with her
nephews, L. II. Barber and w. Z. Bar
Der.
Maurice Michelman of Springfield,
Mass, is visiting here with his soas,
Barney S. Micheman and l. l. Michel
man.
Mrs. L. NJ. Wright left Wednesday
afternoon for a visit of a few days with
relatives in Fitchburg and Leominster,
Mass.
Mrs. Edward Gum of White River
Junction is a guest of Mr.. and Mrs.
John A Gum of Elliott street for a
few days.
Mr.. and Mrs. Robert C. Bacon re-
turned yesterday from n two-days au-
tomobile trip in the northern part of
the state.
William Huntress of Keene is in town
today on business in connection with
the opening of the Huntress store in
the Woolworth building.
Mrs. A. J. Tewksbury of Littletol,
\. H., has been spending the past week
with her daughter, Mrs. R. NJ. Lang
worthy of Hinsdale, who has been i'll.
Mrs. John III. Morse and daughter,
Miss Gladys Morse, left this morning
for their new home in Worcester. Mr..
Morse has been there the past week.
Miss Katherine Bassett of Northamp-
ton, who had been guest of Mr.. and
Mrs. Charles A. Harris a few days, re-
turned to Northampton this morning.
Mrs. Martha Atwood Baker of Bos-
ton, who sang for the d. A. X. gentle
men 5 night last evening, was a guest
of Miss Ruth W. Childs of Terrace
street.
Miss Lydia Warren of Auburn
Mass, is here with her sister, Mrs. +.
w. Edgett, who is ill., Alfred Warren
also of Auburn, who was here, has re-
turned.
Airs. Henry R. Brown is expected to
| return Saturday from Lowville, \. Y,
where she has been spending week
with her daughter, Mrs. Raymond S
| Richardson.
Mrs. Cora G.. Leonard and daughter
Miss Helen, are visiting in Fair Ha-
ven at Fred Leonard s. Miss Alice
Leonard is staying with her sister, Mrs
w. II. Perry, during their absence.
Mrs. Olive J. StoweH and Mrs. Ere
mont Hamilton were visitors at the
home Of Mrs. Ella ID. French in Orange
| Mass, yesterday and today. They at
tended the meeting of Orange chapter
| o. T.. s., last evening.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1916-11-09
Blackburn Goinn Good.

1t looks as if Earl Blackburn, the
catcher who was with the Cincinnati
Reds three years ago, had returned to
the big league to stay awhile His
showing toward the end of the season
made great impression on George
Stallings of the Boston Braves.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1916-11-09
NORTHFIELD, MASS.
Board of Trade Furnished Returns.

The members of Mortified board of
trade made themselves popular Tuesday
evening by the free election service and
entertainment given in the town hall.
The hall was connected by telephone
with Greenfield and as the returns were
resported they were thrown on a screen
Ivy stereopticon in charge of s. E.
Walker. Between times an excellent
program was given. An orchestra of 10
pieces from Mount Hermon rendered ex-
cellent music; Elliott Brown and H. S.
Stone sang several solos; speeches were
made by F. L. Dulev, Z. F. Howard, n.
/ =. Wood and G. \. Thompson; at II
clock all were invited to the banquet
room, where hot coffee, doughnuts and
cheese were served. Every seat and all
standing room in the hall was filled
with the interested audience and much
good-natured raillery was rife.
Miss Doris Doolittle spent the week
end with her parents in Antrim, n II.
Mrs. Mabel Leonard Prouty of Hal
flax, VT, is with Mr.. and Mrs. H. a.
, Reed
/ Mrs. Nellie Kiley Hurley and child
\ of Brooklyn, n. Y, is visiting relatives
+ in town.
John Broderick has left the employ
7 of C. c. Stearns and has a position
hunting gypsy moths.
Miss Esther Richards of West Deer
field was week end guest of Miss Doro-
thy and Miss Hazel Wise.
H. B. Sweetzer will sell his property
10 In ],
l6. The family will move to a town
near Boston.
The Ladies Sewing society of the
I Unitarian church viii hold a meeting
next week Thursday in the church par
Iors. At $50 o'clock they will serve
"a supper.
\ conference of the American Bap.
| fist Board of Foreign Missions will be
held at Hotel Mortified from Monday
\ to Friday. About rs officers of the
board and its branches are expected.
4 Winchester, n. H, sent several auto,
mobiles over the hill to the borders of
! Mortified to take voters to the polls
/ The license question was agitated. The
I result was no-license for Winchester
this year.
WI. anu MIS-. AlN ue smith ana lam
lily have moved to Greenfield. Mr.
Smith has been a chauffeur at Hotel
Mortified for several years. He now
has position as brakeman for the Bos-
ton & Maine railroad.
Only about two-thirds of the students
at Mortified seminary. voted in the
seminary balloting booth Monday. The
vote east gave Wilson 165, Hughes 1874
Prohibition candidate ,, Socialist ,. An
authority stated that the seminary
however, was strong for Hughes.
II. s. Stone returned to the North
field hotel Tuesday from his vacation
of month. He had an interesting
trip, spending two and half weeks Oh
the Hood river i'll Oregon as a guest OF
Miss A. M. Spring, who owns two large
apple ranches, also the Pentecost place
in Mortified. He visited the Santiago
fair in Los Angeles, Kansas CITY and St
Louis
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1916-11-09
Evidently Knew His Man.

Have you got S. bill that you
don t know what to do with?"
Yes, here is one.
On, thank you. But, say, this is
Well, you asked me for one I didn t
know what to do with. Chicago Her
aid.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1916-11-09
tIonora Eor G. c.rnsn.is-

Georges Carpenter. the famous
French pugilist, who is now a flying
man. has been proposed for the mill.
tary medal. CARPENTER already has
been decorated with the war cross.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1916-11-09
U. Of Wsshinaton Rowers Busy.

University of Washington crew can
didateS are hard at work at Seattle
under the direction of Coach Oomibear
ana will take part against the picked
eastern varsity shells at Poughkeepsie
next June.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1916-11-09
GOOD CENTERS PLENTIFUL.

1916 Season Develops Any Number of
Star Middlemen.
1t is a noticeable fact that there are
any number of good centers in the
east and west this season. The foot
ball experts will have their hands full
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1916-11-09

Before going to bed, l always rub
q little Partisan Sage into my scalp,
says woman whose luxurious, soft and
fluffy hair is greatly admired This
stops itching scalp, keeps the hair from
falling out and makes it easy to dress
attractively
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1916-11-09
HELPFUL HAIR HINTS
Worthy the Attention of Everyone
Who Would Avoid Dandruf, Itch
ing Scalp Gray Hairs and Badness.

"What will stop my hair coming
out2'' Reply: Partisan Sage is the
best remedy for hair and scalp trouble;
said to prevent badness, grayness and
dandruff.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1916-11-09

Java is estimated to have exported
S5,000,0 600 pounds of tea in 1915, as com
pared with 65,000,000 pounds the year
before.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1916-11-09

Beautiful soft, glossy, healthy hair
for those who use Partisan Sage You
can get a bottle of this inexpensive
French hair dressing from Wilfred
Root and druggists everywhere, with
guarantee of satisfaction or money re
funded.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1916-11-09

Seventy-fve per cent of women
employed in the German metal trades
work 10 hours or more a day.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1916-11-09

The first high school musical enter
tainment of the year will be given in
the Auditorium Friday evening. Get
your tickets of pupils; 25 cents.-Adv.
213-2l5
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1916-11-09

Photos by American Press Association.
FOUR OF THE LEADING CENTERs OF THE
SEASON.
No. 1, McEwan; 3 Gennert; 3. Peck: A..
Wray.
ut the end of the season picking out
who IS the best middleman, there being
SO many good ones.
Among those who have done brilliant
work are Harris of Harvard, Brown
Of Cornell, Wray Of Pennsylvania,
Pryor of Tufts, Sprague Of Brown, GIL
more of Syracuse, Goodstein of Navy,
Gennert of Princeton, Nieman of Mich
gan, Taft of Yale, McEwan. of West
Point and Peck of Pittsburgh.
According to many experts, the latter
two are the best men in the position.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1916-11-09

Pittsburgh doctors give $4,000
worth of services yearly in free hos
pitfalls.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1916-11-09
SPORTING NEWS

Q . o 90 o o % o o o o o o o
The Tomahawk., 1916-07-06
Will SON READY TO FIGHT
FOR HIS MEXICAN POLICY
"Amcrica Means Nothing Unless You
TrancIste It Into Deeds" He
Tells Ad Clubs.

Philadelphia, July 1.-Addressing
the Associated Advertising Clubs of
the World, in session here, President
Wilson declared he stands ready to
fight for the policy he is working out
in MEXICO. The President spoke in
part as follows.
1T is most important that since
am in a fighting mood to tell you of
some of the things | believe in. 1t is
the duty of every American not to
think of himself first, but OF bis coun-
try.
America means nothing unless you
translate it into deeds. I believe that
you must be just to nations as veil as
to men. 1t comes high. 1t is not an
easy thing to do, but l beleve that at
whatever cost we should be just to
other people and demand the same
treatment"
Tht President said that while we
have the right to demand justice from
others we should always be ready to
give justice to anyone else.
Il am ready to fight for that al
any cost" he declared.
The Tomahawk., 1916-07-06
MEXICAN ARMIES TCIALLlNG
$1,000 ALMOST COMPLETE CIR
GLE AROUND AMERICAN
PUNITIVE EXPEDITION.
DRAWING NEARER TO CLOSE
BREACH IN CASE OF WAR
General! Bell Unable to Get in Touch
With ershing-Positions Of Dc
Facto Troops of Great Strategy
cal Value fcr Quick Action in
t4emming in Americans.

FL Paso, July 1.-Psssengers which
arrived here on the train which passed
through Columbus, New Mexico, short
Iy after noon, report that the line OF
communications between General Per-
shing's headquarters at CoIonia DUB
Ian and the border has been cut. Gen.
eraI Bell has not been able to confirm
the information.
Columbus, N. NJ, July 1.-Carran-
Vista armies totalling $4,000 men have
almost completed circle around the
American punitive expedition in Chi
huahua, if a new Mexican force has
been stationed at Guzman, as re-
ported. -
Strong efforts are being made by
the army's intelligence department to
ascertain the number and position of
the de facto government troops at
Guzman.
To Form Circle Il War Comes.
IF modified there, the eastern end
of the Carranzista horseshoe is only
20 miles from the American lines.
Carranzista forces in Sonora are re-
ported drawing nearer to the Amerl-
can lines on the west, so as to be
ready to close the breach in case of
war.
Army officers in the Columbus camp
point out that in every case the posi-
tons of the de facto government
troops are of great strategical value
for quick action in hemming in the
American forces, if necessary.
If these reports are true the envel-
oping movement of the Mexicans
around General Pershings army is be-
coming more and more pronounced.
Army officers say, however, that tho
American commander is readjusting
his men to meet every move.
The Tomahawk., 1916-07-06
ROOSEVELT WILL MAKE
SPEECHES FOR HUGHES
Republican Nominee After Meeting
Colonel Declares, 1--WE Are in Per-
feet Accord"

New York, June 80. - Charles r.
Hughes, Republican presidential NOM
inee. announced after his interview
with Theodore Roosevelt, which last
ed for more than two hours and q
half that he and the former president
were lin complete accord
Mr.. Hughes stated:
81 was very much pleased with Col
onel Roosevelt's letter of Endorsement,
and he has expressed himself in a very
kindly way with respect to my tele-
gram to the Progressive committee"
Colonel Roosevelt, before his depart
ure for Oyster Bay, said it was agreed
that in the fall Colonel Roosevelt
should make three or four speeches for
Mr.. Hughes.
The Tomahawk., 1916-07-06
MILITIA CROSSES FRONTIER
NEW MEXICO TROOPS LEAVE TO
GUARD PERSHlNG'S LINE.
Action Taken Following Report That
Carranzistas Are Concentrating
Forces Near Guzman.

Columbus, N. NJ, June 30.-F'or the
first time since their mobilization on
the border, national guardsmen have
crossed into Mexico on military str
vice. 1t also was the first time since
the Spanish-American war the state
troops have left the country On mill
tary duty.
Three motor trucks were loaded with
New Mexican guardsmen and dispatch
ed down General J. J. Pershing's line
of communication to help guard
against it's being cut.
Action Follows Report.
This action was taken following &C.
ceipt of a report that the CarranZistas
have been concentrating large forces
of cavalry at or near Guzman Oh the
Mexican Northwestern railroad. Such
troops would be in a position to intc1-
rupt the American communications
GuZman.
A large number Of remounts which
left here for General Pershing's head
quarters were ordered turned back by
the American commander because OF
fear that the reports might be tru.
No further information has been re
ceived here regarding the supposed
presence ct GuZman Of the de facto
government troops.
Fail to Find Murders.
The posse of armed Hachita Citizens
who have been searching fQr tie -.
derers of William Parker and his nT.ie
returned after a vain search of every
section of the Double Abode region
down to the border.
Parker's two brothers, who for1ned
another posse at Hachita to search for
the slayers, have not reported Caval-
rymen skirting the border have made
30 report of success in their search.
The Tomahawk., 1916-07-06
EASEMENT SENTENCED TO DIE
IRISH REBEL LEADER FOUND
GUILTY OF HIGH TREASON.
Sir Roger Makes Impassioned Speech
for Ireland While Standing in Pris-
oners' Dock-Jury Out 80 Minutes.

London, June 30-Found guilty OF
the crime of high treason and about
to be sentenced to death, Sir Roger
Easement, once brilliant Irish leader,
made an impassioned speech as he
stood In the prisoners dock before
Lord Chief Justice Reading.
In England alone, in the twentieth
century, loyalty to ones country is
held to be a crime he said, with a
dramatic gesture. IF it is treason to
fight under such conditions, then l am
proud to be a rebel.
Regans Composure.
The first announcement of the YER
dict of "guilty'' made after the jury
had deliberated but so minutes, I'M
nerved Easement completely. When
lie arose to address the court his voice
quavered so that his remarks could
scarcely be heard. AS he continued he
regained his composure. He seemed
perfectly calm as he protested against
conditions in Ireland, and declared he
should have been tried by an Irish
jury. He stood erect and smiling when
the lord chief justice, as Easement fin
ished his address, pronounced the SEN
tence that he should hang by the
neck until dead"
There was utter silence in the court
room as the prisoner stepped down
from the dock and left the courtroom
at once in custody Of guards.
The Tomahawk., 1916-07-06
U-soat MESSENGER Fails to Arrive.

Baltimore June 30.-If the kaiser's
latest submarine monster guaranteed
to be en- route to America with a
crowd of passengers. an assortment of
drugs and letter for President Will
son. has arrived at Baltimore, it came
overland The North German Lloyd
steamship company denied that they
had any knowledge of the U-boat's
movements. The agents here smiled
all over when they learned Captain
Hans Ruser of the Vaterland announc'
ed they had telegraphed him of the
submarines arrival.
The Tomahawk., 1916-07-06
SLAVS WIN ON 25-MILE FRONT
Pierce Austrian Line in GaIicia and
Compel Enemy to Retire.

London, June 30.-In a Russian at
tack over front of % miles. extend
ing eastward from Kolomea. in Galicia,
the Austrians have been compelled to
retire on part of the front in the re-
gion of Kolomea and southwark. The
Austrians valiantly attempted to hold
back the oncoming Russians. but, &C
cording to Vienna, Emperor Francis
Joseph's warriors finally were COM
PEELED to give way before superior
forces.
The Russian successes in this re-
gipn seemingly gives them almost free
access to the Carpathian passes.
The Tomahawk., 1916-07-06
MILITIA RUSHED TO BORDER
Twenty-three Hundred illinois Guards
men Are En- Route.

Chicago, June 3O.-Twenty-three
hundred national guardsmen of the
Central department which have been
mustered into the federal service com
posing the First and Second Illinois
infantry are en- route to border sta.
lions.
Reports received from the IA states
composing the Central department
show that approximately 100000 ma
tional guardsmen are preparing for
federal service, and about one-third
Of these being mustered in to date.
The Tomahawk., 1916-07-06
Italians Take Teuton Positions

Rome, June 29.-1talian troops have
captured Austrian positions between
Posina and the Astico valley in the
sive, it is officially stated. The cap
ture of Monte Giamonde and Cairoje
was announced. Pressing forward Oh
Asiago plateau. the Italians have
reached the slopes of Monte Rastain-
terrotto and Monte Moagiagh and in
the extereme north Lave begun to ap-
proach Galamara valley. The war Of
flee reported active artillery fighting
m the Isonzo front.
The Tomahawk., 1916-07-06
Orpet On Stand Three Days.

Waukegon, ILL.,. June 30.-Win II.
Orpet, accused of the murder of Mar
ion Lambert, faced the possibility of
another. scorching fire of croSs-eXami-
nation when he resumed the stand in
his trial Thursday. 1t was the third
consecutive session for the former
Wisconsin student on the witness
stand-a situation which apparently
had developed into an endurance con-
test between the defendant and Prose
cutor David R. Joslyn. How long the
youth would be able to withstand the
attacks was a matter of speculation.