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The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1916-10-05
University Column

Dean Marsh was business visitor
in Lexington, Monday.
pruitte smiths little son, Howard
is quite i'll with pneumonia.
James b. Murray. Associate Sec
rotary of the Y.MC.A.. who has been
quite i'll for several days, is able 10
he out again.
Professor Hill Of Georgetown Col
lege will lead the meeting OF The
Young Mems Christian Association
next Sunday evening. He is a speak
or of ability and a great meeting Is
expected.
Harold Hackett, cashier in the
treasurer's office, writes that he is
pleasantly located in New York
City where he is in school at Col
umbia University for the current
term.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1916-10-05
REV. JOHN O. FEE
A Memorial Service at Lincoln In
stitute

Colored people in Kentucky ought
never 10 forget Father Fee and his
devotion 10 the interests Of the Ne
gro." For many years Berea Col
lege, the institution which he foup-
ded. was the one best place In Ken
lucky for the Negro 10 obtain an
education. The Day Law OF 1904
compelled the separation Of the
races in Berca College, and that in
stitution raised four hundred thous-
and dollars for the establishment
Of Lincoln Institute. Had there
been no Berea College there would
have been no Lincoln Institute, and
II is very fitting that the latter in
stituton should honor the memory
Of Mr.. Fec, whose sympathy for the
Negro was the cause OF his separa-
ton from his own people and thus
Of the founding Of Berea. Mr.. Fees
only living child. y. =. Fee
Of Clarkesburg. Ind, is member
Of the Institutes Board Of Trus-
tees.
A special service in memory OF
Father Fee will be held on the
Institute grounds on Friday. Octo-
Der "a. T.. :. Fee will be present,
and have a part in the program, and
others who knew his father will
give addresses. The colored people
Of Kentucky should make this
memorable occasion. The exercises
will all be held in the day time so
that visitors may return home that
evening.
Another announcement will ap-
appear later.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1916-10-05
the turning over OF the spirit.

the turning over OF the spirit.
The reason Taft was not elected
in 1912 was that the Republican
party separated him.
The chief events between i765
and III leading 10 the American
Revolution was the Alien and Sc
dition Laws, and the seeding OF
the States from the Union.
The sinking OF the battleship
Maine was the cause OF the Mexican
War.
McBeth was a romance OF noble
people. Lady McBeth was OF COM
mon or undertone. Thus great sad
ness arose and all interested died. -
New York Tribune.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1916-10-05
Vocational Column

Miss Ruth C. Shipley, OF Wyoming,
o., is visiting Professor and Mrs,
VIM. J. Baird for a few days.
The REV. George Davis was in
Berea over Sunday visiting his
daughter, who Is a student in the
Foundation School.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1916-10-05

Nothing furnishes so great an inspi-
ration as the love of Jesus Christ.
The meetings of the Y. M. C. A. are
increasing in interest and many
young men are receiving great good
from them. The room is not yet full.
If you have been missing this great
opportunity. it is good time to start
next Sunday night.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1916-10-05

BEAUTIES OF NATURE

BEAUTIES OF NATURE
These October days, with frosty
mornings and warm Moons, wheu
corn is being gathered and chestnuts
are ripening, are ideal ones for
country life and the country school
Now, IL ever, the rural teacher
should be working at high speed and
with greatest efficiency.
The writer wonders IL the Berea
Normal memers who are in the work
over this and other states are max
ing full use Of the season. Fields
are full Of goldenrods, purple and
white asters and many other flowers
now. Are these beauties Of the
fall being brought into your school
room to make IL cheerful and at
/ tractive, even though its walls may
be dingy and its floors rough? II
they are not. encourage the child
rem to bring them and you will have
an abundant supply. filling wide
mouthed bottles and glass fruit jars
on the teachers table, and in win
dows.
Autumn leaves. too. are becoming
painted. and should be brought in to
liven up dark corners and teach
their lessons of beauty. Each grade
may take part in gathering and
studying these rich treasures OF the
season,-some mounting them on
sheets Of paper or cardboard for the
wall, others drawing and coloring
them, while the advanced ones can
find in a description Of the trees
which are the most richly colored
subjects for language themes.
While everything is bright and
beautiful. is the time To have the
schoolhouse and grounds thorough
ly cleaned. il this matter has not
Deen attended TO before. as il should
Rave been Have your windows
been washed this fall? II not they
are IN sad need Of IT, Call for the
assistance of the mothers and a;g
sisters Of the district. but in case
they do not respond organize your
pupils into working squad. Heat
water in a borrowed kettle over a
fire in the school yard and let the
children learn the joy Of helping
make their schoolhouse more at
tractive and healthful.
Woodwork and furniture, too,
should be scrubbed with hot water
and soap, and the floor, in case IL
is not oiled, treated to good supply
Of the above plus a large amount
Of elbow-grease.
Whatever you do, please make
your house clean so as TO conform
to your book-instruction in the
physiology class.
As to the yard, see in IL an edu-
cational opportunity. Are there
waste papers scattered about IL?
Have them picked up and burned.
Do weeds and briars interfere with
the play and make the corners I'M
slightly? Recognize that you can
teach no lesson that will be Of
greater value than the one result
ing from removing these evils by
cooperative effort.
Bring the children TO recognize
that the schoolhouse and grounds
are theirs and extend the feeling OF
proprietary interest 10 the commun-
ity so far as possible.
Do not for a moment rest content
when you have taught the lessons
Of the day. Go the "uncompleted
mile" and render service for which
you are not paid.
Look to the hills, fields and forest
for inspiration 10 better work.
Beauty is everywhere in nature.
Bring il into your schoOlhouse as
fully as possible. Let every Berea
school be known from afar for
cleanliness and felt everywhere for
its teaching Of the higher things OF
beauty, truth and service.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1916-10-05
Academy Column

Misses verna and vergie Engle
visited friends in Berea Monday
and Tuesday en- route TO their home
at Mckee. after visiting in Lexing-
ton, Cincinnati and other northern
points.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1916-10-05
THE MOUNTAIN VOLUNTEER
BAND

The Mountain Volunteer Band
met Sunday morning and elected
officers for the coming year. Oscar
Wilson of North Carolina was chosen
President, Berlie Winton of Tonnes
see, Vice president and Miss Mar
garet of Kentucky was reflected Sec
rotary.
Plans for Mountain Conference and
for the work of the year were dis
cussed and committees were appoint
ed 10 suggest definite things 10 do.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1916-10-05
College Column

Miss Margaret Todd Of the Class
of i6 writes that she is pleasantly
located at Somerset where she Is
teaching.
Miss Grace Engle Of the Glass Of
'i6 is teaching this year in the high
school at London. Miss Engle was
one of our best students and sue
cess for her in her new work Is
confidently expected by her friends.
Moss billiard, student of the
College Department last year. is
spending a few days in Berea with
friends.
Charles Mccall, a graduate Of the
College two years ago, is in school
in Atlanta. Ga. where he expects
to complete a three year course.
Prof. Robertson has gone to Ind
annapolis to read a paper on The
Relation of Kentucky to Indiana" be-
fore the Ohio Valley Historical So
ciety which meets as part Of Ind
iana's celebration Of her tooth ami
.....u,-. ~ Clotn hnaI
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1916-10-05
How to Wrap Papers For Mailing

In using q homemade paper wrapper
for mailing purposes cut a triangular
section from each end OF II before ap-
plying the paste or mucilage. says the
Popular Mechanics This prevents the
adhesive from oozlng out at the edges
and sticking to the paper II incloses.
This also permits the easy withdrawal
Of the paper.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1916-10-05
EXCEPTIONAL PROGRAM

Saturday evening Phi Delta Liter
airy Society gave an exceptional pro-
gram in Phi Delta Hall, the entire
evening being devoted to literary
criticism of the greatest English po-
cts. The program was entitled, AN
Evening with English Poets" Shake
speare, Milton, Chaucer, Wordsworth
and Tennyson were discussed by
Messrs. Hoskins, Ambrose, Smith,
st. Clair and Osborn. The entire
prog "am was of high literary ma D..
ture and was a great encouragement
To- those who desire to see more such
work dore by our young men.
Tombstone epitaph., 1916-11-05
CUTTING CROPS FOR SlLAGE
Most Plants Reach Full Feeding Value at or Near Maturity, Accord
 ing to an Expert.

Silage crops should not be cut until they are well toward maturity. Most crops reach their full feeding value at ur near maturity. To make silage of them before this stage Is wasteful. The siiage will be low in feeding value; 1t is usually sour and may spoil. According to John NJ. Scott. ani- maj industrialist to the University of Florida experiment station, more poor silage is made from immature than from over-ripe crops.
 Corn should never be cut when the ear is forming, because most of the food is made after that stage. II should be cut when the grain is in the hard dough stage and beginning to dent, or when the outside shucks on the ears are drying and turning brown Sorghum makes the best sil. age when the seeds are in the hard dough stage. Some of the lower leaves may be dry at this time but water can be added if necessary.
 A crop is never too dry to be put into the silo as long as there are some green blades on the stalks. The farmer is more apt to cut his silage crop too soon than too late. If IL Is too dry to make good silage, water may be added at the cutting box or al the fan.
Tombstone epitaph., 1916-11-05
GOOD ROADS
EXPERIMENT IN GOOD ROADS
Government Constructed Over 4so. 900 Square Yards of Different Types
 In 1e12-1913.

Over 4S0,O00 square yards of differ ent types of roads for experimental and object-lesson purposes were con structed during the fiscal year 1912 1913 under the supervision of the of fee of public roads, United States de partment of agriculture, according to Bulletin s of the department, making total of over 100000 square yards of road constructed under the super vision of this office since 1905.
 The types of roads built were brick, concrete. oil-cement concrete. bitumi- nous concrete, bltuminous-surfaced concrete, bituminous macadam, sur face treatment, macadam, asphalt-slag, oil-asphalt-gravel, oil-gravel, oil-coral! inc, gravel-macadam, gravel-slag. sand clay, sand-gumbo, burnt clay, shell and earth. The object lesson and expert mental work during the past year was done at cost to the local communities of S139. .S41.s9. This does not include the salaries and expenses of the de. partment engineers.
 The road work during the year was done in Arkansas. Florida, Georgia Kentucky, Maryland. Mississippi, Ne braska, North Carolina, South Dakota Tennessee. Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin and the District or Columbia.
Tombstone epitaph., 1916-11-05
IMMENSE VALUE OF PASTURE
Acres Is Related by Arkansas College of Agriculture

As to the value of pasture for live stock q circular from the extension department of the College of Agricui- ture of Arkansas says:
 "A farmer near Forest City has n l2-acre permanent pasture on which he pastured from April l. 1915, to Oc- tober 15, 1915. 90 COWS, 5 horses and l2 sows and their pigs. This is one of the greatest pasture reports ever sent to the extension office of the University of Arkansas and United States department of agriculture al Little Rock. This statement was veri. fled by many neighbOrs. The pasture has Bermuda grass for its base, with bur clover, white clover, hop clover and lespedeza, thus giving pasture for practically the whole year. Stock had been kept on this particular pasture every day for seven years. The farmer stated in public meeting recently that these F acres had produced more money for him than any 90 acres on his farm.
Tombstone epitaph., 1916-11-05
CONCRETE ROADS IN HAWAII
Fine System of Highways Being De- veIoped on lslands-Paradise
 Offered to Motorists.

A large increase in visitors to the Hawaiian Islands this year has brought prominently to the front the vital question of good roads. The sec ond city of the territory, lilo, has led the way, and has already constructed handsome concrete bOulevards leading from the wharves throughout the busi- ness section. The outlying districts, under the management of progress sive local government, have put their highways in thorough order, and auto mobiles may now enjoy on the big island, some hundreds of miles of per feet macadam surface through the most magnificent scenery. With a choice of every variety of climate. from the fully tropical to the eternal snows of the high mountains, the island of Hawaii offers a motoring paradise without a peer in the world.
Tombstone epitaph., 1916-11-05
HARM BY BLACKBERRY BOXER
Spraying Is of No AvaiI-cuttins and Burning at Time of Regular
 Pruning Is Favored.

The blackberry cane borer has been seriously troublesome in many parts of the country recently. killing the canes and thus ruining the chances of the crop. No spraying is of any use. but find cutting and burning does the trick, says a writer in an exchange. There are two ways of doing this work. One is to look for, cut or and burn all the swelled parts of the black berry canes at the time of the regu- lar winter or early spring pruning. There is no mistaking these swellings. because they are fully double the dl- ameter of the cane itself. It is not necessary to bother with the whole cane-just the swelled part with an ing The crt pieces may De easily carried in a basket.
 Where a very serious attack has occurred. and where other blackberries are growing in the neighborhood. l have found it good plan to cut of all the young shoots produced before the end of June, so as to destroy the young grubs in them. By that time all the adult beetles will have died, so the canes produced during July will be free from the borers. There is no use saving 'galled" cane, for 1t can't produce a decent stand of berries. The sooner it is burned the better. It is not necessary to burn the green shoots. because the borers, being footless, can not crawl to new canes, and are also unable to live on dead wood.
Tombstone epitaph., 1916-11-05
Explosive Property of Dust.

The inflammaDiiity or explosive property of the dust is a matter of de gree. depending on purity, fineness, dryness. quantity, volume of air and many other conditions. Coal dust In creases the violence of an explosion when present with small percentage of firedamp, and under certain condi- tons 1t is capable of initiating and ex- tending an explosion by itself. In the opinion of A. Nj. Henshaw. as given In royal commission evidence, coal-dust explosions are generally the result of irregularity or carelessness in the use of explosives or safety lamps. If the ignition of firedamp thus caused can be prevented he thinks the dangers of coal-dust will be minimized.
Tombstone epitaph., 1916-11-05
PEAR NEEDS GOOD DRAINAGE
Surplus or Stsonant Water Detri- mental to Health of Tree-Under-
 ground pitches Favored.

It is essential to the health of the pear that no surplus or stagnant wa- ter be allowed to remain on the sur- face or in the soil.
 If the natural formation of the land does not afford good drainage 1t should be provided artlficiaIly either by un- derground drains or by surface ditches. The subdrainage method is preferable, because 1t is more thorough. and if ac- complished by well-laid tile, is far more satisfactory.
 Breaking up stiff clay land by double-plow subsoiling will in a meas ure afford temporary subdrainage, but in time the soil will again become com pacted and the subsoiling will neeo b be repeated.
Tombstone epitaph., 1916-11-05
AFTER THE PRUNING IS DONE
Carefully Gather Up and Burn All Branches and Twios - Cover
 Wounds to Prevent Decay.

It is best, after the pruning opera tions are over, to:
 l. Gather up and remove from the orchard all branches and twigs that have been cut off. Burn them. They afford homes for the diseases and the insects that will attack your trees R the rubbish is left on the ground.
 2. Cover the wounds with a coat of good lead paint. This helps to keep out the water and prevent disease and decay.
 3. Spray the trees with a solution of one gallon commercial lime-sulphur to nine gallons of water. Spraying just after pruning reduces the cost of ap- plying the material, as there is less brush to cover than at other times. Moreover. 1t is just the right season for the lime-sulphur spray.
Tombstone epitaph., 1916-11-05
Strength Of Paper.

From an examination of various pa pers. prepared with different propor- tions of rags. sizing and loading. 1t ap' pears that the mechanical properties are improved by increasing the pro. portion of rags. Resin sizing dlmin' ishes the strength. while animal sizing increases it An increase in the pro portion of rags. also sizing of any kind enables a larger proportion of loading material to be retail ed by the paper Loading decreases tie strent h of all papers, the percentage of loss approxi' mating 2.2 times the percentage of loading material.
Tombstone epitaph., 1916-11-05
KEEPING RECORDS OF COWS
Not Difficult Matter to Keep Track of miIk-Test for Per Cent
 of Butterfat.

Keeping track of how well the COWS are dOing-or how poorly-is not such a difficult matter. If the milk is weighed up once a month. taking both milkings for one day from each COW, and then that weight is multiplied by the number of days in the month. the total weight of milk for the month produced by each COW is found. This will be close to the actual production. By testing q sample of the milk. the percent of butterfat can be learned. From these figures can be computed the amount of butterfat for the month from each COW.
Tombstone epitaph., 1916-11-05
CAMPAIGN IN WEST VIRGINIA
"Get Out of the Mud" Is Slogan Used in Behalf of Better Roads-
 Motorists Are Wanted.

"Get Out of the Mud" is the slogan used in West Virginia in a campaign in behalf of better roads. Several counties have recently voted favorably on bond issues for road improvements, and these words played an important part in the activities of good-roads advocates preceding the elections. The slogan was employed as the refrain to a song in one election. Good roads advocates in West Virginia say that satisfactory highways will bring in many motorists, as the mountain seen cry of the state is of rare beauty.
Tombstone epitaph., 1916-11-05
GIVE CHICKENS A LAXATIVE
Lfnseed Meal Mixed in Soft Feed Will Prove Quite Efective-Some Pre-
 fer Castor Oil.

Constipation in chickens often Is no- ticed during the summer and fall months. It has been advised to use epson salts in the drinking water, but this Is a violent purgative. It is bet ter to use oily laxatives and purga- lives. Linseed meal mixed In the soft feed win ect as gentle laxative. Some prefer a few drops of castor oil In the feed. after having the chicken miss one meal to make It hungry.
Tombstone epitaph., 1916-11-05
DAIRY BUSINESS LOOKING UP
High Producing Cow, Electric separa- tor, Milking Machine and SiIo
 Within Reach of Farmer.

The dairy business is looking up. The COW that produces 400 pounds of butterfat Der year. the cream sep. arator that is run by electric power. the milking machine. the sanitary, handy and comfortable dairy barn and the siio for winter dairying are all within reach of the farmer.
Tombstone epitaph., 1916-11-05

The greatest waste of southern soil and soil fertility Is not through the crops sold from the farm or from our one-crop system of cotton farming. Our loss of soil fertility is very much great TT because of the bare condition of our soils during the winter when the rain fall is heavy and through the teaching out of plant foods and the washing away of the finest and best part of our lands.
 One Greatest Need.
 Our one greatest need Is winter legume cover crops, or to keep the land busy; our greatest agricultural asset is the fact that our climate enables us to grow a cover crop that will gather nitrogen from the air and increase the fertility of our soils between the time our money or regular summer feed crop Is harvested and the time for planting this crop the following spring.
 Our greatest need would thus be met by the use of our greatest agricultural
Tombstone epitaph., 1916-11-05
FREQUENT FEEDS FOR FOWLS
Three Times Daily is Often Enough for Young chiekens-keep Them
 Growing Rapidly.

Three times day is often enough to feed the chickens and twice a day Is often enough to feed the grown fowls at this season. but be sure that the chicks have enough to keep them rowing rapidly and that the old fowls rave enough to keep them in good con atson- but not make them too fat.
Tombstone epitaph., 1916-11-05
PRACTICE OF CROP ROTATION
Texture of Soil and It's Productivity Should Become Greater When
 Legume is Used.

If rotation of crops can be prac- feed wherein a legume is used each two or three seasons. the texture of the soil and It's productivity should become greater. It may be necessary. however, to occasionally add lime to correct the acidity. and phosphorus to balance the plant food.
Tombstone epitaph., 1916-11-05
LEAF BLIGHT WORKS INJURY
With Some Varieties of Strawberries lt Seriously Weakens Plants
 Spray Is Favored.

Tron the Missouri Agricultural Experi-
 nent StauonJ
 Leaf blight causes spots on the leaves of the strawberry plants, such ns are shown In the illustration. With some varieties 1t very seriously weak ems the plants. Varieties like Aroma and Candy very largely resist 1t.
 Spray with Bordeaux mixture after the crop is harvested, probably after
Tombstone epitaph., 1916-11-05
HUMUS IS LIMITING FACTOR
Fact Known Even by Fellow Who Does Not Plant Winter lesumes-
 Plant Some Glover.

That humus Is the limiting factor in the productivity of southern soils has long been known by even the fel- low who doesn't plant winter legumes. Now is the time to think about mend ing your ways and plant one or sev- eral of the clovers this fall. Besides being a source of humus. winter le- gumes add from 90 to I5O pounds nitrogen per acre.
Tombstone epitaph., 1916-11-05
Lot of Eunaus Trouble,

There is lot of fungus trouble this season. Blights. rusts, rots, mildews and other bacterial and fungus dis eases are common. There is no use lodging; we must fight them with the proper fungicides or they beat us.
Tombstone epitaph., 1916-11-05
ENHANCED VALUE OF A FARM
Permanently Good So Bigger Loads May Be Hauled.

Do you know how much the value of your farm would be enhanced if your roads were permanently good so you could haul two loads one trip in- stead of one load in two trips?
 Begin the improvement by putting the roads adjacent to your own ranch in good condition, then offer your serv- ices to help in the improvement of other sections Of the road.
Tombstone epitaph., 1916-11-05

asset or by taking advantage of our one special opportunity. Without the loss of single cotton or corn crop the yields of these crops per acre can be doubled in four or five years, be cause the growing of winter legumes will. while preventing washing and teaching, gather nitrogen from the aiI and supply the humus and the nitro gen which our soils need to double their yields
 tegumes on Idle Land.
 There is no section of this country where increased soil fertility Is so needed nor any section where 1t is so easy to obtain. if We would only grow winter and summer lecumes on the land when it is not busy growing oui regular crops of cotton, corn, oats, wheat. etc. Why We do not grow more of these legumes until our soils are made more fertile is beyond all human understanding. Their value is appar- ent-Progressive Farmer.