Fulton County tribune. (Wauseon, Ohio) 1883-1925, 1916-12-29


huTs
The photograph shows the most c
many centuries of time, in the deveiopm
trated by models gathered by the Smi
mans evolution from the state of bur
The flying machine shown is the first {
Uncle Sam has gathered in the
Smithsonian institute at Washington
several hundred models which show
In a graphic manner mans evolution
from a burden bearer to master of the
air.
Man was his own burden bearer for
long time before it occurred to him
to use domesticated animals to relieve
himself. The early models in the series
show how he finally developed the idea
Of using animals as carriers. The llama
was the first beast of burden, then
came the dromedary, the elephant and
the horse.
At first goods were simply piled on
the animals back and it was some time
before anything in the form of pack
saddles was evolved. One step in this
direction is shcwn by the panniers or
baskets which hang on each side of the
llama. An advance in the general evo-
luton of transportation is illustrated
by the American Indian ''travois" or
travail" comprising two long poles
or shafts, which were attached to a
dog or horse and allowed to trail
IL ~ T.,
and colonists Piled thier game, fuel and
! forage and even used such conveyances
| to transport people. A primitive sledge
made from the 1orked limb of a tree
and covered with cross sticks was prob
ably the next step. This was attached
to the animal by something similar to
traces and permitted to drag on the
ground. Simple straps like the Eski-
mo dog traces were primitive forms of
the modern trace. Rough parallel
runners were soon found to make the
sledge slide easier and before long O
platform was built upon the runners
Thus the sledee was developed and
used by most peoples, whether there
was snow in their country or not.
Enter the Roller.
Having first transported burdens or
his own back, OF that of his animal
and then dragged them along the
ground, man seemed to have realized
that cylindrical objects might be rolled
History relates that rollers with 6
small diameter were used as such By
the ancients of many nations, under
sledges, and for moving large blocks o.
stone with the assistance of a lever o.
an inclined plane. Another method il
illustrated in the museum by a mode
of short stone pillar attached b.
pivots in the center Of each end to .
frame which, when pulling, caused tn
pillar to roll, method said to hav'
been adopted by Ctesiphon when trans
porting the columns for the temple O
Diana at EphesUs. In Virginia and tn
neighboring states hogsheads Of tobac
co were rolled along much the same a
the above stone. Two barrels couple
in tandem within a frame were trans
ported in this manner from the forest
to the shipping point, as shown by tn
next model in tie series. Another mini
ature illustrates scheme of Paeonius
who built cylindrical crates aroun
; marble prisms IN the first century, I
: c., when moving stone for the base G
| the colossal statue Of Apollo.
! It is believed that the roller, or thi
rolling crate, was the forerurner c
the wheel, which was the f1rss grea
step in the art of land transportation
although the advance was vesY slO'
with the ages. The idea of making th
( axle and wheel separate was fhe se'
ond great step and no greater disco
cry has ever been made. The invel
3 ton of the fellce and spoke soon fo
r lowed and eventually a complete cal
: or carriage was evolved. The first "
s hicles were equipped with nut tw
a wheels, made of wood. Examples (
early Egyptian chariocs nodded aftt
s originals dating back to the Ptolema
j era, 300 B. c., are to be seen in tt
s miniatures exhibited. From here o
many models illustrate the "apid a
vances. Among them are "carrets
o or ox-cart created in Spain and use
e in New Mexico until recently; a Pc
sian farm cart of 1870; Red Riv
cart, common in the United States al
Canada; chnestoga or "prair
s schooner" said to have Travelled fro
L. Pittsburgh to Philadelphia in 20 day
il an example of the famous coloni
r 'one-hoss shay" celebrated
g, Holmes; a stage coach used betwe'
y, 1925 and 1860, and modern exampl
IS of tip-carts and farm and army wa
'e Ons, besides other model equipag
le