davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-08-26

Two Treatments OF Roadway During
Season Keep 1t in Excellent cendi-
ton.
blades on either side; as the machine
passes along, these scrape on the sur
face OF the road At the sides, bringing
the loose earth to the center. The
scarifier cuts of the hummocks in the
center OF the grade, which is then
packed down hard by the action OF
the roller. a feature OF the rollers
work is that the crown OF the road is
as nicely rounded as if done by hand
Drainage is essential in road main
tenance, but It IS impossible where
there is a thick growth Of vegetation
at the sides OF the road. Three trips
over the road during the spring and
early summer not only place il in good
condition, but keep down this Eegeta-
ton for the entire summer.
The apparatus will make roadway
so feet wide or may be adjusted to
one-half that width. While its work
Is most effective In rejuTenating an
old road it may also be used for build
ing new roads in connection with an
ordinary tractor-blade grader.-POpu-
lar Science Monthly.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-08-26
/ POULTRY
IRlGljGITg1I
Itm XII
LEGHoRN is POPULAR BREED
Fowl is Hardy and Prolific With Alert
Style and carriage-They Are
Great Producers.

The Leghorn may be said to be the
smallest of the practical and popular
breeds of domesticated chickens in
America. They originated in Italy
but have been bred in this country
for many years.
OF this breed there are nine recog-
nized varieties, several of which were
created in this country. They COM
prise group of useful fowls, char
acterized as being rather small in
size and graceful in conformation.
says Wisconsin Agriculturist They
are hardy and prolific with alert style
and carriage. The modern Leghorn
is rather long in back and body and
well upon legs. The concave sweep
OF back to tail without any decided
angle at juncture of tail is a charac-
teriStic peculiar to the breed. The
tail should be well spread and car
ried. at an angle of 40 to 40 degrees
above the horizontal The neck should
be rather long, gracefully arched. and
rather slender, especially in the fe-
male. The comb should be rather
small in size, the females dropping
slightly to one side. The eye should
be reddish bay in color, the shanks
and the skin yellow.
The Leghorns are very popular with
the operators Of egg farms on ac-
count of their white sheIled egg and
also because they are nonsitters. The
white egg is very desirable for sup
plying fancy egg trade. but on the
common market, no extra price is
paid for them.
The cockerels grow rapidly to broil-
er age but are nuisance if kept on
the farm to maturity. and on many
farms it is preferred to do the hatch
ing with hens rather than with the
incubator. In such cases the larger
breeds should be selected. However,
the LeghOrn rightly bred, is a great
egg producer and an active forager
and if one prefers them to others
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-08-26

by the crops, or net earnings, for one
year or for five years By devoting
the larger part of the farm to clovers,
feeding the clovers to dairy cattle and
spreading manure over the land he
averages more than 20 bushels Of
wheat per acre, and has averaged, IN
good seasons, as high as 80 bushels.
He averages more than so bushels OF
corn per acre, and has averaged as
high as IS bushels.
This farm raises teamwork stock
for home use and to sell. The colts
are raised to prevent the spending Of
money for teamwork stock and to be
sure of having enough horse power for
the most economical production OF
crops.
Can't Afford GeIdings.
Six head of work stock are kept on
the farm and two mares bring colts
each year. Mr.. Doyle figures that he
cannot afford to keep all geldings and,
for this reason, keeps two brood mares
actively engaged in light work and colt
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-08-26

and it is washed out after each milk.
ing, leaving it as clean as the ordinary
living room. The COWS are brushed,
the udders and the mixers hands
washed before each milking and very
clean milk is produced.
Clean MiIkhouse.
There is a clean miIkhouse near the
dwelling. It is IL by Is feet inside, is
four feet in the ground and five feet
above the ground. It has concrete floor
and walls. The floor is six inches and
the walls eight inches thick. There
are shelves at one end Of the room for
butter and other things. There is a
window on each side having six 10 by
IL lights. It has an eight-foot extern
sion and steps are built to enter. The
steps are concrete and are covered
from the outside. The whole house is
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-08-26
SHEEP BUSINESS OF COUNTRY
Generally in Healthy and Prosperous
condition-More Mutton and
Wool Are Demanded.

The sheep business OF the country
IS generally in a very healthy and
prosperous condition. The ranges and
farms are not crowded; in fact, there
is a scarcity OF sheep to supply the de-
mand. Sheep owners find there is as
much clear money in raising sheep
and producing wool at present prices
as there is in most other live stock op-
erationS.
The evidences Of better bred sheep,
whereby more mutton and wool are
produced, is the argument that counts
in these days. The demand is for
mutton first, then the largest fleece OF
good merchantable wool. The ability
of man to increase both mutton and
wool qualities by selection of breed
ing stock is a plain and workable
proposition.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-08-26
VIRGINIA FARMER REALIZES FACT
that LIVE STOCK ENRICHES SOIL
Larger Part of Crops Grown Are Fed to Good Dairy
Yates Only Ninety Acres of Land but Is Fertile and Always
Produces Good YieIdS-Farm Work Stock Raised for
Home Use and for Market

sown on a part OF the corn land about
September Is. This is cut and fed in
the dough state the following spring
A bushel of wheat and ten pounds of
hairy vetch make a very satisfactory
mixture. This mixture usually follows
peanuts and is cut in the dough stage
for feed in the spring.
OF course there is a silo on the
farm The 60-ton silo provides a cheap
and convenient place to store all the
corn grown on five or six acres. The
silo takes care of ali the corn crop
early in the fall; insures succulent
feed for winter and in long dry spells,
when pastures fail; provides a bal
anced succulent ration when fed with
such protein feeds as cowpeas, peanut
hay and cottonseed meal; and makes
it possible to properly feed more dairy
cattle on the small farm.
The 6O-ton silo holds enough siIage
to feed the 10 milk COWS for six months
feeding about 80 pounds per day to
each cow. The silage is fed with pea
vines or peanut hay and some cotton
seed meal. The grain ration consists
of about six pounds per day of a mix
ture of 300 pounds of cottonseed meal
and 200 pounds of corn and cob meal
On an average, Is cows are MIXED
the year round. The main source of in
come is the money obtained from the
sale of cream, milk and butter. TWEEN
ty per cent cream is sold at Peters
burg, 25 miles away, for rs cents per
gallon the year round. A small guam
THY Of ice is used in the summer time
to cool the cream when it is separated.
Cream Is Sold.
One fiVe-gal1on can of 20 per cent
cream is sold from the Is COWS every
day in the year. They have check
rate of II cents for a f1Ve-gallon can,
but this makes it necessary for the
buyer in Petersburg to meet the train
to receive the can, whereas the ex-
press rate will deliver it, and In small
quantities the express rate is cheaper
in the long run.
An average Of SIS worth OF butter
is sold every month, to regular Gus
toners. The cream and butter sold per
month brings in about $125. The in
come from the sale of young cattle
amounts to about $500 per year, and
the profit from feeding hogs on skim
milk is about 5000 per year, making a
total income of at least $3.50 per month
from the cows.
There is running water in the barn
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-08-26
SUBSTITUTE FOR GAME BIRDS
Flesh of Guinea Has oany Flavor
and Is Gaining Popularity in Some
of Eastern Cities.

The flesh of the guinea has a gamy
flavor and is coming into use as a
substitute for game birds in some of
the eastern cities. The young guinea,
tWo-pound size. is quoted by some
commission merchants ut from 40 to
SO cents each. while old guineas are
quoted on the same market at %
cents each. Guinea eggs sell at the
same price as hen eggs and have the
advantage OF having much thicker
shells and are not so liable to get
broken in shipment.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-08-26
az g. A. CARRoLLl

L. q.
Livestock farming, is diversified
farming and calls for a system OF crop
rotation with legumes. It returns fer
tiIity to the soil. 1t adds interest to
the work OF the young people and final
ly it is the best insurance OF an income.
Each farmer should make a business
OF growing his own beef as well as his
own vegetables. Also his own protein
feed for his stock, and stop buying
bran, cOttonseed meal and other high
priced protein feeds.
The dairy business, too, calls for in
tellectual activity. Such exercise is
good for the boys and the girls. The
dairy business evenS up things on the
farm. 1t gives steady employment. 1t
is a cash business. A man feels indie
pendent when he knows that his in
come is steady. Dairying builds up the
farm. 1t requires fewer acres and con-
seQuently leads to more neighbors.
There is always an air Of prosperity
about well-handled dairy farm. The
dairy business adds permanency to the
community. The success OF the man
engaged in it depends upon keeping
milk records. 1t costs but little and
returns a hundredfold. There are good
cows and poor COWS. A farmer should
find out which are the poor COWS and
which are the good ones. This can be
done by marking down what they pro-
duee each day and using the BabcOck
test. Milk the good COWS and sell the
poor ones for beef.
The feeding Of crops and returning
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-08-26
strip Sandwiches.

Here IS something little out OF thsF
ordinary in the sandwich line. but very
simple
Cut the crust from loaf OF brown
and also white bread. having them the
same size Cut three halfineh slices
Of each and spread With = mixture q
peanut butter and devaed ham Press
the six slices together. alternating
White and brown REt under n weight
o. some ki1d and press EEfle preraz-
inz next st shea fhe cubss and t.
zssdHiehes Ioek hks Is7er caks
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-08-26
CARE FOR CALVES IN SUMNER
Chase Young Animals Out to Craze
Early in haorHing and Keep In
Barn During Day

By chasing the calves out to graz
ing early in the morning; then driv-
ing them into a semidark building
during the excessive heat OF day, they
viii escape much OF the torture usual
y inflicted on them BY the flies. at the
same time, avoiding the exposure TO
the giaring sun.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-08-26

the manure to the land is a very i'm
portant means Of maintaining the nj
uogen supply as well as the supply Of
other plant food elements
One OF the most valuable assets OF
farm is the manure produced upon it.
1t represents fertility which has been
drawn from the soil by crops, and must
be returned to it If prOductiveness is
to be maintained. It not only adds to
the store OF plant food in the soil by
returning g large per cent OF the nj
trogen, phosphorus and potash re-
moved by crops, but it also renders the
native plant food OF the soil more
available. It adds humus to the soil,
improves its physical condition, makes
it warmer and enables it to receive
and retain more moisture.
No substitute at present known is
capable of completely filling the place
Of farm manure. Notwithstanding its
great value, there is probably no ma
teriaI on the farm in which so great
and needless waste occurs. 1t is a
common sight in almost any section to
see stables and feed lots situated upon
the bank Of a stream or ditch where
the most valuable portion OF the ma
nure VIII pass into the stream.
There is no soil SO fertile that its
producing power cannot be eventually
reduced by continued cropping which
takes away fertility and returns moth
ing. 1t must be understood that every
crop, whatever it may be, removes
from the soil plant food which must be
returned in some manner.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-08-26
TIME BETWEEN CHICK FEEDS
1t Can Be Shortened by Feeding Early
and Late-MalSe Youngsters
Scratch for Grain.

The time between night and morn.
ing feeds is, at best, rather long and
can be shortened by feeding early and
late. This is as essential as it is to
feed little and often.
Chicks must Be induced to exercise.
Cover the floor with a thin layer OF
chaf or fine litter and feed the cracked
grain In the litter. The chicks scratch
for the feed and exercise In this way.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-08-26
LIBERAL FEED AFTER HATCH
Hen Should Be Encouraged to Remain
on Nest with Chicks for First
Forty-Eieht Hours.

It is a good plan to see that the
hen is fed very literally Immediately
after Matching. as it Will tend to keep
her quiet and brood the little ones
very closely the first 4S hours. Do
not allow her to start on through the
meadow or plowed field stringing the
little ones after her to become lost or
injured, when q little feed, such as
whole corn. fed Immediately after the
hatch is over. viii retain her on the
nest.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-08-26

One is the cage vat used for a few
cattle. 1t consists OF cage in which
the animal is placed and then low
cred into the vat Of solution. But
where a large number of animals are
TO be dipped, the swimming vat is de-
sirable. In this type the animals are
forced to swim through the vat and
thus become immersed in the solution
when they plunge into it.
The coal-tar dips advertised are
made from some Of the products Of the
distilIatiOn of coal tar. When mixed
with water they form a milky emul-
sion having a strong odor Of coal tar.
Most Of these products have sdecid-
edly deadly effect upon parasites, and
In addition are used as disinfectants in
hospitals, barns, poultry yards, hog
houses. etc.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-08-26
LIQUID MANURE IS VALUABLE
Fertilizer Worth About $50 Yearly.
Based on Elements contsine6-
Usually Total Less.

A dairy COW weighing 1000 pounds
voids about u tons OF solid and liquid
manure in a year. worth on the basis
OF the elements OF fertility contained
about $50. The liquid manure is worth.
so per cent Of the whole. and Il usual
II total loss.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-08-26
Ry G. H. AFFORD State Demonstration
Agent, Maryland.)

John r. Doyle of Dinwiddie coun-
ty, Virginia, realizes the fact that live
stock farming enriches the soil. He
grows many crops to enrich the soil
instead of growing only crops that i'm
poverish it. He feeds the larger part
of the crops grown to good dairy cat
tie. He knows that the success of any
system of farming cannot be judged
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-08-26
white piarrhea Preventive.

It is hard for the white diarrhea
bacteria infesting the intestinal tracts
of little chicks to live in the presence
OF sour milk on account Of the acid
which it contains. Feed plenty OF
soar milk to chicks Of all ages.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-08-26
PLANS FOR DIPPING CATTLE
Solution May Be Applied With Scrub
bling Brush or Animals Can Be
Immersed in Tank.

Where the animals are few and
easy to handle, dip may be applied to
the animals. To do this use q scrub
bling brush, sponge, etc. and apply
the dip. All parts should be rubbed,
and care taken to see that the dip is
evenly applied.
The second method is to immerse
the animals in the dipping solution.
There are at least two kinds OF watts
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-08-26
PROFITS IN ROAD DRAGGING
Transportation 70 Market Is Cheap
ened and Strain on Horses Re-
dueed-Aiso Save Time.

Good roads save money, because:
They cheaper transportation to the
markets.
They reduce the drain upon capital
invested in horses.
They prevent waste OF time. and
time is money"
They add to the Joy OF living, and
Joy adds to the effectiveness OF life.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-08-26
WHEN MATING LARGE BREEDS
Use One Male With Every SIX or
Eight Femaies-With Leghorns
One e Ten or Fifteen.

When mating the larger breeds, Ike
Brshmas. Cochins and L.angshans, use
one male to every six or eight females.
II medlnm-sized breeds. Ike Plymouth
Rocks, Rhode Island RAIDS, etc, ans
male 20 eight 70 twelve females. With
smaller breeds. lfks Leghoras, cEs
malls q ten g afEezn zszs1es
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-08-26
vTIne Esus OF Rge,rer.

Sometimes. especially In wet wealth
er. the mower gets spattered with
muddy water. II put away with that
on it, when # is next used 1t wiz be
badly stained Be proud enough Of the
appearances OF your farm tools to wipe
on every bit OF that water. and soon.
700.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-08-26

there is no reason why they should
not take them up.
The various varieties are designat-
ed by their difference in shape of
comb or color of plumage, the same
shape description applying to ALL 1t
is generally recognized, however, that
the S. c. Whites are a little in ad-
vance of the others in shape.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-08-26
NItrnnen IL chean-

Nitrogen obtained from the air and
plOwed under In clover, costs less than
three cents per pound. while purchased
nitrogen VIII cost very much more per
pound The nitrogen that is grown has
the additional advantage OF adding 70
the humus supply in the soil
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-08-26
To Feed- InfeIIioenfIv

No man can feed intelIigently IN
less he understands the nature OF
foods and the requirements OF the
animals at the different periods OF
their development.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-08-26
Good Weed killers.

Sheep are good weed killers. The
fleece wiz more than pay for the feed
eaten The lambs are clear profit.
Buy a few head as an experiment.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-08-26
ROLLER MADE OF OLD BOILER
Weight Of Iron contrivanes sufIeient
20 Pack Very Loose Soil to Make
Solid Roadbed.

One of the old-style boilers without
an attached frebox, or an upright one,
makes a fine road roller In building
roads in a southern state, one Of these
boilers was used. a hole was drilled
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-08-26

Lie is too short and time too val-
liable for one to waste tine pulling
sway at TIE shors-tezked dazzT CIV
Hhen sthe other Kid" en- % lad e
No krsater s
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-08-26
HANDY AS WATERING TROUGH
Substantial Device constructed Out of
Old Boiler by California Farmer
Fitted to Barn.

A substantial watering trough was
made by a California farmer OF an
old boiler fitted to the side of the barn,
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-08-26

Wien tie pea Tlnes are through
beazznE. fed the tender ba1eh@ 20
tke eeIs4 ard cfg undeE the reEt fsr ne
tnct e ts ssh
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-08-26

Pigs in aIfalaf mean alfalfa in pigs
Ia good illustration OF the right thing
IN the right place.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-08-26

as shown in the sketch, writes John
Hoeck Of AIamada, Cal, in Popular
Mechanics Magazine The, openings
were plugged and a section was cut on
three sides and bent back to form a
support, giving an opening at which
the animals could drink.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-08-26

II pigs are to be turned into the
pasture they should have rings put In
thelx noses 20 prevent roofing.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-08-26

production. The mares are intelligent
~ handled, do all the light work that
is required, and, in addition, produce
colts every year which rapidly develop
into marketable animals The colts
are usually kept until four years OF age
and the surplus sold for about 5000
each. Mr.. Doyle estimates the cost of
raising a colt at about $25 per year.
There are good meadows and pas
lures on this farm. Every square foot
Of the meadows and pastures is well
covered with nutritious grasses and
clovers instead OF broom sage, briars
and weeds. The land is thoroughly pre-
pared, manured and sown in sapling
clover, orchard grass, timothy and g
small amount of alfalfa The mixture
usually consists Of three pounds OF al
falfa, five pounds OF timothy, eight
pounds OF sapling clover and three
pounds of orchard grass to the acre
The alfalfa seed is put in to gradually
inoculate the soil so he can SOW alfalfa
at any time, on any part OF the farm,
and be sure that the soil is inoculated.
From the above grass mixture three or
four tons Of good hay is usually OBJ
tanned
MIR. Doyle grows what he needs and
feeds what he grows. Only a small
amount OF cottonseed meal is pur-
chased to feed his dairy COWS. The sy-
erage farmer in his section buys the
larger part Of his feed. Many thou
sands OF dollars are sent out OF his
county annually for feedstuffs.
Rotation Practiced.
4 rotation Of crops, including legu-
minous crops, is practiced on MS farm.
The corn is usually followed by wheat.
the wheat by peas or peanuts. The
corn is cut In September or October
and German clover is sown on part
OF the corn land. This clover can be
soWn On his farm as late as October
10. One bushel OF oats and Is pounds
OF blooming German clover are also
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1916-08-26

BeEar Ezst he mars Il eooI bss1ze
BE 8 nzt z5EEh he< colf
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-02-12
AT THE CHURCHES

Sermon subjects and services in the
churches Sunday have been announc ed
as follows:
bold-Morning, PROTECTORS of Christ"
evening, Temptation of Christ"
First Church of Christ, Scientist
Morning, Soul" .n.. H..
Elm Lutheran. Rev. Orlan 90
Ingvoldstad-The morning hour, will
be devoted to a laymen,s meeting. H.
Evening sermon subject by the pastor.
in English, "a Remarkable Promise y
St. Paurs Episcopal, Rev. H. M
Babin-Holy communion at 1880.
Morning sermon subject, Satisfaction
of the Righteous" evening, Mani
featation of Christ in the Last Days
Presbyterian. Rev. James p. Linn
Morning, Heroes Of the Church To-
day" evening, who Is the Winner
Central Church Of Christ Rev.rW. M.
Baker-+Mornins "Honoringa God With
out History" evening" Abraham
Lincoln; the Man and His Religion"
Methodist Episcopal Rev. r. F..
Christian" evening, @"Lincoln's Re
ligion." %'. rye.
Spiritualist, Rev. Eva McCoy-Eve~
ming, Science and Life
Pentecostal Church Of the Nazarene,
Rev E. A. Clark-Mornipg, sermon by
Mrs. Mary Southwick; evening, praise
service. ''''"'
State Street United Evangelical,
Rev E. r. McclellandAtMorn God
Is Our Refuge" evening, evangelistlc
service.
Friends, Rev. I. N. Rich-Morning,
Rev. Jennie Kirby will preach; eve
ming. gospel service.
African Methodist Rev. II. A.
Marang eopa will preach in the evening
on THE Devil Next Door.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-02-12

ture tree. on which were perched blue
birds graced the center Of the table,
while little blue bird holding little
valentine in It's beak. perched on =
glass at each place. The valentine
contained the announcement Of the
engagement. Rose nut cups and rose
shaded candles formed a pretty color
scheme OF pink and blue. Covers We're
laid for fourteen and assisted by Mes
danes Walser and l.. S. Kilborn and
Misses Clara Northup and Alvina An
son, the hostess served four course
luncheon at o'clock. In the afternoon
the guests sewed for the bride-to-be.
Miss Mabel Campbell is the youngest
daughter of David Campbell, living
three miles west of the city. Mr.. Will
cox Is the older son Of Mr.. and Mrs. w.
F. Wilcox. of the same neighborhood.
Mr.. Wilcox is in the forestry service
of the government and Is stationed at
Quincy, Cal, where he and his bride
viii make their home.