davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1916-03-11
SPRING SEASON
STARTS PRUNING
A FEW SUGGESTIONS ARE OUTLIN
ED ON THE CARE OF ORCHARDS
AT THIS STAGE
Some Valuable Data Relating to the
Subject is Given by an Expert
From the University
BY C. C. VINCENT

KAs pruning is one of the most i'm
,=ortant operations connected with the
growing of an orchard, it might be
we'll at this time to offer a few sug-
gestions on the subject. During the
past few years, the orchardists have
met with many discouragements, with
the result that many are inclined to
neglect their trees. Some have gone
4so far as to say that it is not nee
,essary to prune 'Tis true, pruning is
not essential if we wish to grow brush,
but if we desire to grow fruit and es-
pecially good fruit, we must thin our
trees properly. The only way to get
good marketable apples is to prune the
trees Systematically. Trees alternate
ly neglected and then heavily pruned
are kept in a condition of unrest and
if treated in such way do not bring
about the desired results. To my
mind there is no orchard operation
that requires more knowledge, eXper-
ience and thought than pruning.
The ultimate aim or object in prun
ing should be:
l. To keep the top open by thin
ing out the smaller branches. This
insures a free circulation of air which
is essential for the proper coloring of
the fruit.
2. To preserve so many of the fruit
spars as possible. Many q good ap-
pie tree has had it's usefulness cur
tailed simply because the man who
pruned it did not realize the value of
these spurs. 1t is absolutely wrong
to cut all the fruit spars off the SCOT
fold limbs, because by so doing the
bearing surface of the tree is reduc-
ed to a. tassel
3. To remove all superfiuous and
interfering parts, crossing and brok-
en- limbs.
A. To take out all water sprouts
that are not needed Those needed
should be shortened back for from
them so fruit spurs can be develop
ed.
5. To cut out all dead, diseased,
and broken branches.
g. To maintain a size and shape to
the tree which will admit of easy
spraying and fruit picking. This will
necessitate then a shortening back of
some of the terminal leaders that are
going too high or spreading out too
far
The ideal tree for this locality is
the open center type. By following the
program outlined above, this type can
be maintained. Now is the proper
lne to do the pruning. If the work
~ None in early spr.nG before the
buds begin to swell, the wounds will
heal much quicker. If large limbs are
removed the wounds should be paint
ed over A cheap, durable water
proof dressing, can be made by using
white lead and raw linseed oil. To
this a little raw sienna should be
added to make the paint about the
color of the bark.
If we wish to increase our produc-
ton. and secure higher color to our
fruit, the trees that have been prun-
ed this spring should be summer
Summer pruning consists in
pinching back the terminals, and
opening up the center OF the trees
The proper time to summer prune is
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1916-03-11
PROMINENT MAN DEAD
By the United Press Associations

WASHINGTON, Mar. II. - Henry
Gassaway Davis, former United States
senator from West Virginia and vice
presidential candidate on the demo-
cratic ticket in 1904, died here last
night after a brief illness, aged SO
years.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1916-03-11
Total Dead is IS

Carranzistas are preparing to aid
the American forces. The death of an
other wounded soldier at Fort Bliss
made the total American dead in the
Columbus raid as IS. Villistas raided
ranch at Malpais, New Mexico, last
night. Troops have been rushed there.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1916-03-11
Mexican Prisoners Killed

COLUMBUS, N NJ, Mar. 11.-Six
Mexican prisoners who were released
by the 18th cavalry yesterday were
found dead today mile east of town.
Their bodies were riddled with rifle
bullets. When freed the prisoners
were ordered to leave the city Some
are alleged to have been among the
Villista raiders. The civil and military
authorities are investigating.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1916-03-11

II think your husband dresses so
nicely and quietly"
Really? You should hear him when
he loses a collar button"
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1916-03-11
Make Villa a Hero

COLUMBUS, N. NJ, Mar. 11.-FThe
American invasion of Mexico will make
General Villa a national hero" Cap
tain Farias, a wounded Villista who
was captured in Thursdays raid, de-
c1ared today. villa will be strength
ened a hundred fold. All Mexicans
will resent the invasion"
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1916-03-11

General Funston has been given or
ders with complete power to act. He
will make his own plans and probably
will dash across the boundary at sew
eral different places. General Funs-
toms movements are guarded with
secrecy. Congress has obliterated
partizanship and has promised to keep
it's hands off.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1916-03-11
Go Through French Line

BERLIN, Mar. 11.-Making AN unex-
pected attack on Rheims the Germans
penetrated the French line for two
thirds of a mile along a 1400yard
front, Headquarters announced today.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1916-03-11
CONGRESS BEHIND
PRESIDENT WILSON
WILL BACK HIM UP IN HIS PLAN
TO COPE WITH THE MEXICAN
BANDITS
Funston in Complete Charge of the
Details-NIuch Secrecy Maintained
Troops Move Monday
By the United Press Associations.

By the United Press Associations.
WASHINGTON, Mar 1.-THE sem
ate foreign committee today unani-
mously approved the presidents ac-
tion with regard to Mexico after Sen
ator Stone had submitted the official
news. The Carranza foreign minister
has telegraphed Washington without
definitely approving an expedition to
pursue Villa. In turn he asked per-
mission to send Mexican troops to
American territory in case of repeti-
ton of the raids.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1916-03-11
Believe Troops Have Gone

Representative Hay after confer
ence with Secretary Lasing declared
it his belief that American troops
were now well across the border in
pursuit of Villa The ministers of
Argentine, Brazil, Colombia, and Peru
conferred with Secretary Lansing this
afternoon
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1916-03-11
NEUTRAL VESSEL
WAS TORPEDOED
CLAIMED NO WARNING GIVEN
WHEN NORWEGIAN STEAMER
SILIUS WAS SUNK
Americans Aboard Administration is
Investigating-G Germans Make
More Gains
By the United Press Associations.

By the United Press Associations.
WASHINGTON, Mar 11-Dispatch-
es today said that the Norwegian
steamer Silius had been torpedoed
near Havre. The vessel carried seven
Americans and was sunk without
warning. Three members of the crew
were drowned but the Americans
were saved.
Lansing Will Act
Immediately on the receipt of the
dispatches the state department an
nounced that America would hold to
strict account the nation whose sub
marine made the attack provided the
original report was confirmed. This
case may be the most serious confront
ed with during the submarine disputes.
Germans in New Coup
LONDON, Mar 1.-THE sudden Ger
man thrust in CordbeauX woods has
imperilled the French five-mile front
west of Meuse, dispatches said today.
The Germans are reported wasting
lives recklessly in the attempt to ad-
vance to the Forges- -Cumteres road.
Success would force General Joffre to
evacuate the trenches at Goose hill
and Bethincourt Paris admitted that
the Germans had gained but declared
that counter attacks had recaptured
the positions. The reports are contra
dictory regarding the results of the
intense fighting at VauX last night
The French admitted that the Germans
occupied few houses in the village
of Vaux.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1916-03-11

None are so deaf as those who re-
fuse to hear when money talks.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1916-03-11
Nav Admit Mexican Troops

General Carranzas proposal to al
low Mexican troops to enter American
soil in pursuit of the bandits will
probably be granted. 1t became known
today that the administration favors
the plan.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1916-07-28
WORLDS WEALTHlEST MAN

The Car Of Russia is the wealthiest
man in all the world, far richer than
John D. Rockefeller. His civil list
alone amounts to something like
s12 500 900 a year, and more than
half Of this is available for his own
private use.
In addition, the Car owns land in
European Russia equal in area to the
whole Of ireland and derives from it
the colossal revenue of $25 900, 900 per
annum. And then he also owns land
in Siberia which, even in it's present
undeyeloped state, brings him in we'll
over 100000 a year
The Cars annual income, includ-
ing the interest on his savings, has
been estimated at s37500,OOO.
Seeing, therefore, that the Car
puts aside every year large sum
of money for each Of his four daugh-
tiers, the Prince who contracts a mar.
rage in that quarter is likely to do
extremely we'll for himself from a
worldly point of view.-Answers
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1916-07-28
ARE YOU A YESSER?

A Yesser is a guy who says You're
right, old top" every time some &C.
tive chinned boob expresses an os-
seocephalic opinion.
Universally agreeable to whatever
is said, he hopes 10 win favor by play
ing the Greek chorus TO All Creation.
But all he wins is few drinks and
classification under Parasites" in
his friends list of acquaintance.
Nobody has any use for the yesser
not even the chap who sets EN- up
under the momentary spell of his
salyy Eattery.
federation is not popularity-and
all the yesser gets is liberation.
AS between the two extremes, the
noer is preferable-for sometimes it's
spelled know-er.
II you're yesser, quit!-New York
Call.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1916-07-28
A SINGING INDICTMENT

New York-The New York World
says that the ladies' garment manu-
facturers who have locked out their
employees have rendered their posi-.
ton more and more inexcusable in
the eyes of disinterested observers.
They deliberately violated their
own written agreements and business
engagements when they made waste
paper of the protocol In their AFRO
gance they ignored the mayors ap.
peal to them for mediation. Their
one plan has been, through hunger
and suffering, to reduce their EN-.
ployes to yield absolutely on their
terms. They have had no decent de-
Tense to offer at any stage for their
faithless and oppressive methods.
They have relied entirely upon the
hope that they would be able to break
down the courage and will of men and
women workers dependent upon daily
earnings for existence. And they have
failed"
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1916-07-28
MAKE Discomfort A CRIME

Admission, Ala-Several years ago
this state invented a principle and
passed a law under which an employ
er could hold any person, once enter
ing contract, to serve as long as
the employer pleased. The United
States supreme court said the prin-
ciple was wrong and the law was I'M
constitutional.
The Admission city council is now
singing the old song with new tune,
and has fixed things so that one man
may quit, but that's the limit. The
city council has awakened to indus
trial unrest, and has passed a law
covering the question.
Hereafter it will be illegal for two
or more persons to conspire for the
purpose of preventing any other per-
son, firm or corporation from carry
ing on any lawful business or interfer-
ing with same. To stop some Judge
from applying this law to other than
workers, the city council provides
that nothing herein shall prevent
any person from soliciting trade or
business for competitive business"
It is also unlawful for any one to
"entice, decoy or persuade any APP
prentice or servant to leave the serv-
ice or employment of his master"
In their love for peace and har-
mony, and to give fair warning to all
fomenters of discomfort, the city
fathers provide that any violator of
this peonage defender shall be sen
fenced TO six months hard labor on
the streets of Admission.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1916-07-28
PERTINENT AND
IMPERTINENI
BY EMANUEL JULIUS

The cost of living started our quite
nominal, but the capitalists soon
made it phenomenal.
The most ideal system which man
will ever create is one in which the
persons who do the work of the world
will get the product of their toll The
most odious system is capitalism, for
under it the toilers are exploited and
the parasites are rewarded.
When we were children we were
taught to scatter seeds of kindness"
But the copybook maxims have been
changed. Today the children are
taught to scatter dum-dum bullets"
They are instructed in capitalism's
favorite bit of ethics: Let no day
pass without hoping to bayonet some
person who happened to be born in
a foreign land
The jingoists settle" the unem-
ployed problem by sending the out-of-
work to die on the battlefields. When
they are all lat rest the unemployed
problem is Settled" Very simple
logic. Do you get it?
We are told that war prepares men
for good citizenship The fiber is
made all the finer and firmer by the
hammer of Mars" says a newspaper
writer. Take a healthy man and tap
one of his arteries. Let the life fluid
trickle from him. Will that strength
en- his fiber and make firmer his be.
ing?
Climbers-porch and social-are
he result of the capitalist system.
They are the extremes of monopolism.
A scientist claims that goldfish
have brains. Well, the first thing we
know scientist will come along and
say he has discovered a set of bra ms
in the Uranium of a working man who
votes an old party ticket
Prof. Pickering says he could talk
to Mars if he had $4,000, 900. Most
of the parasites who have that much
money can talk to Venus. We always
heard that money talks, but it has
been our impression that 1t takes
more than $1O,O0O,OOO to talk to Mars.
In Europe they are talking to Mars
to the tune of $9O.00O,O0O day. Some
talk.
Capital recognizes no flag or nation.
1t goes beyond all frontiers. 1t ex
poets the workers to be patriotic, to
wor hip Tags and die for countries,
because that is the way to continue
in power. Capitalists are believers
in solidarity for themselves and com
petition among the workers. A d.
vided working class means a power
full moneyed class
Lefs booze and more books-that
is pretty general among the Soc al
lists.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1916-07-28
MUNICIPAL FEEDING
PLAN INTERESTS
AMERICAN LABOR

Washington, July 27-American
Federation of Labor officials have re-
ceived a copy of a report from ST.
Etienne, France, describing methods
of cooperation between municipality
and labor unions to afford cheap and
wholesome systems of feeding the
populace. The report came through
United States consular agents.
st. Etienne, following the example
of large cities in Belgium, has placed
at the disposal of the Exchange of
Labor (Bourse du TravaiD a building
in which the unions have installed a
depot to dispense food products to
their members as nearly at wholesale
cost as possible.
This arrangement is considered of
more than passing interest, because
of the admission, no less pregnant
with meaning because it is not given
openly, that the Labor Exchange rep
resents the working people of the
French city and is entitled to the re-
spect of the city administration as the
spokesman of the organized workers.
This action is entirely apart from
any idea of cooperative stores, so
much in vogue in other cities, of
which there are many in the st.
Etienne district, operated by the en-
ployes of various large concerns.
City and departmental officials
have also conferred with large en-
ployers of labor and with union Of
ficials regarding the comfortable and
sanitary housing of workmen and the
hyg'enic lodging of the great influx
of workers brought to the city by the
extension and increase of its manu-.
factures. Plans pertaining to this
project that were about to become
operative at the beginning of the war
We're held in allegiance and will now
probably be carried out. These meas
ures are cited as illustrating the re-
gard for the welfare of industrial
workers by the civic authorities.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1916-07-28
LABOR CANDIDATE
FOR PRESIDENT FINED

Butte. Mont.-Arthur E. Reimer, of
Boston, Mass. Socialist labor party
candidate for president of the United
States, was fined $40 in the municipal
police court here today for violating
the city ordinance by speaking in a
downtown street. The fine was sus-
pended by Magistrate Witty.
Retmer was making political
speech on a street corner when the
police arrested him on charge of
obstructing the thoroughfare. The
candidate for president conducted
his own defense. He declared he was
the victim of discrimination as he
had not blockaded traffic and had
sought perm ss!on to address an au.
dience
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1916-07-28

We should like an answer from
competent medical men to this Ques-
ton: If there were no exploited
workers, no slums, no enervated wage
slaves driven always to the point of
physical exhaustion, none of the ac-
emulation of filth that comes always
with low wages and long work days,
what chance would ANY disease have
of becoming epidemic?
We should like an answer to that
question from some of the health au-
thorities that stand helpless before
the epidemic OF infantile paralysis
New York Call.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1916-07-28
RICHEST COUNTY
NEEDS UNIONS

Bakersfield. Calm an address
ITO the OIL Workers in Kern County
published in the Union Labor Journal,
it is stated that conditions in the
Kern river oil fields is unbeara BILE
and that the solution IL a strong oil
mems union, formed under the dircc
ton OF the American Federation Of
Labor.
II is further stated that: Every
where the organized worker is com
Ing In hie own except In Kern county
the richest county in the world.
where millions In money are taken
out OF ne ground each year
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1916-07-28
LABOR QUIZZES
THE CANDIDATES
Philadelphia Union Men Per-
sonally Ask Attitude of
Would-Be Legislators
(From the CalD

!
elphia.-Unions of every kind
throughout the state of Pennsylvania
have started a new kind of political
campaign that is causing the reaction
airy candidates for the next legisla-
ture. which meets at the end of the
year, no little concern. Under the
new system legislators-to-be find it
utterly impossible to dodge pertinent
questions regarding their attitude on
proposed measures of interest to the
wOrkingman, for the simple reason
that the questions are asked person
ally by members and officials of labor
unions, some of whom at least the
would-be office holder has been de-
pending upon for support.
In former years the usual pre-legis-
lature campaign was handled by the
queries going to the members of the
Legislature by mail Under this sys-
TEN the legislator who didn't want to
answer for obvious reasons, could ig-
more the letter. But this was not
considered sufficiently exact by the
labor men, as many friends of labor
didn't get their letters or overlooked
them because of press of business.
This year James H. Maurer, presi-
dent of the State Federation, mailed
list of questions to all candidates
for the Legislature prior to the pri-
maries on May 16. These questions
are now being put directly to the can
didates for the legislature. They ask
for the attitude Of the candidate on
the repeal of the full crew law on
the attachment of wages bill, COM
monty known as the garnishee meas
ure; on state constitutional conven-
ton on a non-partisan basis; increase
in the NUMBER of state police; old age
pensions for persons attaining the
age of g. adequate mothers pension
appropriations, and a law to make
this act compulsory on the counties;
legislation to prevent the use of ma
chimes in working out stumps and
pillars in bituminous mines; an anti
injunction bill; legislation compelling
employers to insure in the state work
ingmen's compensation fund, and bills
10 increase the scale of workingmen's
compensation.
THE new system has several ad-
vantages," said c. F. Quinn, score
tary-treasurer of the State Fedora
ton. 1T will awaken interest among
the union men in given locality.
1t VIII impress upon the candidates
that their friends and neighbors who
are union men are vitality interested
II what these candidates think; this,
we believe, will be more effective
than propounded by an office some
distance away, and it will help to
keep the locals and central unions
in closer touch with the State Fedora.
ton"
The unions have set October | as
the date on which they would like to
receive replies. The list of questions
mas been sent by the State Fedora
ton to about l 800 locals and central
labor unions throughout the state. in.
GLIDING those affiliated with the fed
GRAFTON and others.
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1916-07-28
LoNGsHoREMEN
AND THE PUBLIC

Many quiet stay-at-home people
who mix little with the actual affairs
of life are asking themselves, who
are these longshoremen? They must
be terrible fellows! They are beat
ing up poor niggers on the waterfront
and won't let them work. Where are
they FROM" People really believe the
longshorement are some new impor-
tation in Seattle. Seventy-five per
cent. of the local longshoremen are
residents of Seattle for many years.
Seventy per cent. are married and
have families, and many of them own
their own homes.
Their neighbors don't know, as a
rule, what their occupation is-they
only know they are working men.
Yet, wonderful to relate, with the
suddenness of a thunderclap, the
daily press becomes filled with the
stories of the brutaltes of these
terrible longshoremen. The daily
papers, however, do not attempt to
tell the other side of the story Have
you forgotten "Wappy"? "Wappy,"
the friend of the white slavers, the
friend of the grafters, the man who
went to the penitentiary for grating
the earnings of the unfortunate wom-
en- Of the streets? "Wappy" is cap
tain of GUNMEN on Pier 2
This filthy, lecherous brute. the
captain of band of professional
gunner and thugs, men of the type of
the murderers of Calumet and Lud-
low. You men anl women of Seattle
take a walk along the waterfront and
look at the faces of these brutal
beasts. Then walk to Pier IA and
take stock of the captain of thugs
there-no less than Louie Lang, of
Tate's Cafe fame. Wappenstein and
Lang-what a marriage that does
make. Both Of these men-proven
to the satisfaction of all clean-minded
people to be men of the lowest moral
guns and heading
gangs of gunner. Not content with
filling the docks with gunner, the
streets OF the city are filled with
the same animals. Men are being
held up by these hirelings of the
Water Front Employers Union
dressed in longshore garb, and
searched by these ruffians as though
they were criminals. Not for any
crime they have committed, but be-
cause they dare to wear a Union
button. This in the name of law and
order. On the docks of Seattle 500
colored scabs are at work-the filth
est type, the lowest type, of south
ern negro-half rattlesnake. half
tiger. These are the cattle Wappy
and Lang are defending in the name
OF law and order. Up to the present
time not a single charge has been
sustained against a single longshore-
man in the police courts of this city.
Who is doing the smuggling and the
butchering in Seattle today? The
professional sluggers and gunner
headed by Wappy and Lang, and the
filthy beasts they are supposed to de-
fend.-Pacific Coast Longshoreman
The labor journal. [volume] (Everett, Wash.) 1909-1976, 1916-07-28
MILITIA READY TO cow
CEMENT PLANT STRIKERS

La Sale, Ill.-F1ve companies of
he Sixth Tltlois I{'antry arrived
oday and are prepared to quell any
dis urhances which may result at
ogleeby, when the cement plants here
attempt to resume operations at their
plants today. Twelve hundred en-
ployes are on strike.