davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-02-19

Lacross. Wis. Feb. 19.-Mr. and
Mrs. Isaac ". Groves. age rs and 7E-
of Springville. Wis, were drowned to-
day when the bridge over a creek was
swept away by high water as they
were crossing il. In the buggy with
them was their daughter, Mrs VIII
Mills, and the latter's 4-year-oid
daughter, who were almost dead from
exposure when they were taken from
the icy water.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-02-19
Dismiss Election Cases.

Guthrie, Okla. Feb. 1s-Cases
against Norman Pruitt, Hugh Lemas-
ter, Isaac Askburn, Davis Otto and
Joe Vesey, election inspectors, were
dismissed here today by an order is
sued by United States Judge CotteraL
The men were charged with violation
of the federal statutes in upholding
the grandfather election law
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-02-19
TEETH NOT CAUSE
Infants Stomach or Weather
Makes the Trouble.
Slight Disturbance Often While
Cutting Double Teeth.
DON'T GIVE dope" To BABY
Soothing Syrups Containing
Soothing Syrups Containing
Opium Bad for Infant.
Care of First Teeth Is Import
ant to Second Set.

(F'ifth of a series of six articles on
care of babies prepared for the State
Journal by the Children's Department
L. :. Department of Labor.)
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-02-19

Probably the worst fooled men in
the country today are those who are
running for office and basing their
hopes on the theory that the unpleas-
antness of the past is entirely forgot
ten
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-02-19
SATURDAY

some new material, but the old stuff
still seems to stay on. The only wo-
man candidate for a state office is in
the race Ut the earnest solicitation of
her many friends.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-02-19

run away clad in mems clothes just
about equals the number of men who
thaw dynamite over an open fire.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-02-19


the country today are those who are
running for office and basing their
/ hopes on the theory that the unpleas-
antness of the past is entirely forgot
/ ten.
The most thrilling story is the one
depicting the captain escaping from
his burning ship by climbing hand
over hand down a rope.
/ We know a man who refuses to
| clean the snow from his sidewalks
for what he terms biblical reasons
As evidence he quotes the words,
What God hath Joined let no man
put asunder"
Men who have been hiding their
orange colored Christmas neckties can
now bring them forth. A young man
/ arrested in Chicago for wearing noisy
/ clothes was found upon investigation
/ to be the missing heir to a half mil
lion dollars.
We have been trying for week TO
I think of something to write about the
I Kansas town which reports an cpl
derlic of seven-year itch, but give it
up
/ A Kansas farm hand went to bed
while loaded and with his pipe in
/ his mouth, and was found burned to
3
/ be drawn from this seems to be never
4 to go to bed with q lighted pipe in
your mouth while drunk.
When the mixup in the Blind
Boone-R ryan, Hutchinson, date
squabble is sifted to the bottom it will
likely be found that it is i Democrat
trick engineered for the purpose of
drawing a crowd TO hear the Cor
/ merly) great commcner.
This column tries to avoid anything
| that savors of instruction to its read
ers, but how would you like to an
swer this one; put TO Hen Martin at
a hearing before congress? Suppose
we had an international agreement
| with Japan. Germany and Great Bri-
/ tain to maintain the independence of
the Philippines, do you think the
Z Philippines would still be difficulty
in case of war or likely to provoke
war;"
Then suppose an Englishman and a
Filipino should get to shooting at
I each other and a German and a Jap
should take sides in the fuss. Then
what?
-Stenographer who I'M
derstands music Probably to take
| dictation from one of those phono-
graph things.
! The case of the man who was cleo
trOcuted in a bath tub Thursday, in
4 Oma ha, will probably be introduced
into the evidence by the Saturday,
niGhters-
/ To show that the old wounds are
/ healed and the old quarrels forgot
I ten and that this column harbcrs no
rancor toward the Bull Moosers of
/ years past we are willing to let them
name a candidate for the office of
Khedive of Egypt, lately vacated
J. To show that there is no semblance
I or odor of pork connected with the
( Democrat preparedness plan we cite
( H. of R. resolution 4739, by Mr.. Hud-
( dleston, of Alabama, which appro-
/ PIRATES 100000 for the construction
/ of government armor plate and pro-
/ jectile factory 10 be located near
I Birmingham, Alabama
/ is to be located in his home town
does not influence the gentleman
I from Alabama His only thought is
/ safety First
! We contend that no man who wants
+ to dig his own grave in advance
/ should be compelled to speak into the
! cemetery at night and do it by the
/ light of a lantern
The foolishness of humans seems to
be about equally divided between the
| sexes The number of women VINO
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-02-19
TUESDAY

Grand rally and business meetings
of Rexan druggists, from various
parts of Kansas.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-02-19
MONDAY

Visiting Masons began to arrive for
weeks conclave, and are cordially
by Topeka liners
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-02-19

The most thrilling story is the one
depicting the captain escaping from
his burning ship by climbing hand
over hand down rope.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-02-19

Arrival of vanguard of Independent
Telephone operators causes some
heart-flutter among local masculines.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-02-19

THINK SO.
AFTER dinner
GOT out the
BARGAIN AND WE went through the
PARK SYSTEM.
had planned to give
THAT GIRL q surprise
AND I Pu..posely
TOOK 4 drive that brought
Us suddenly out into
FULL view of the Lake.
THAT TOPEKA lady
GAVE OLD MICHIGAN look.
FOR the frs. time in her
LIFE she was gazing
AT OUR BIG Aquarium.
THERE WAS
SEA on
AND the waves were dashing
AGAINST the
FOUR MILE crib in a
SPECTACULAR WAY.
THE girl from Topeka
"a GOOD title for a play).
GAVE A
CASUAL LOOK GEE" said
SHE. Then she
ADDED: DO YOU
KNOW THAT last year
WHEN THE KAw river
OVERLOOKED there was
WATER in the second
FLOORS Of the houses
IN TOPEKAs"
THEY had to hire a man
TO drive them home.
1 WENT HOME on the car.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-02-19
MR.. ONEL INER
The Girl From Topeka. BY Henry Clay Onener.
(From the Chicago News.)

MRS oNELINER,
RAINBOW
OF my prosaic existence.
HOME THE OTHER night
EXCITED ABOUT a woman she h
MET at a
BRIDGE PARTY
INFORMED me
THAT SHE HAD INVITED her
TO spend "
SUNDAY with us
GOOD NIGHT" quoth
I, ito my little
PLANS TO paint the attic
AND clean up the cellar"
--OH. of course" said
CRITIC OF my being.
Il THOUGHT you'd
GET THE runabout in
COMMISSION and we'd
TAKE HER over to
LINCOLN PARK
THIS WOMAN
TOPEKA. Kansas. and she's
NEVER SEEN THE Lake.
WELL, THE WOMAN CAME.
SHE WAS A
NICE little thing
WITH a drawl and she
THOUGHT TOPEKA. Kansas.
WAS the garden spot of
EARTH. So we let her
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-02-19

We know man who refuses to
clean the snow from his sidewalks
for what he terms biblical reasons.
As evidence he quotes the words,
What God hath Joined let no man
put asunder"
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-02-19

Men who have been hiding their
orange colored Christmas neckties can
now bring them forth. A young man
in Chicago for wearing noisy
clothes was found upon investigation
to be the missing heir to a half mil
lion dollars.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-12-10
Marietta Booze Special" i,
Taken Off and Parched
Throat Epidemic is Due.

/ PARFIERSBURG, Dec q Etrec-
/ tive tomorrow when the winter schcd-
ule goes into effect on the Baltimore
and Ohio. the late train on the Ohio
I and Little Knnawhu division which
has been operated between Marietta
4 and this city will be dropped from
4 the schedule. This in way Will
i prove quite an inconvenience FOR the
I thirsty ones from the interior OF the
| state who Journey to the oasis to get
| their supF IL. OF booze and return III
time TO Leave here on train No. . at
1:10 o'clock in the morning for
i Clarkshurg and other points.
The claim Is made that the train
! has not been Il paving proposition but
4 there is IN opinion that the proposed
abandonment or this train may be for
the purpose Of getting rid or the
booze traffic THAT is generally quite
heavy.
II is alleged that this class Of traf-
lic from that train which goes to train
No. . for the East from here. has
been responsible for much complaint
from through passengers from the
I Vest on the latter train and whether
or not this is in any way responsible
for doing away with the train Is not
definitely known. However lit is al
legged that moro trouble is expert
enced on train No. > from intoxicated
i persons than any other train Lowing
here.
The opinion prevails in some quar-
tiers also that a number or beiated
passengers from Marietta who take
Etllls train east from PETERSBURG are
engaged in Illegal liquor traffic for
1.-THE reason. it is alleged that many of
the same persons. including a NUM-
| Der of foreigners, make the trip every
night or two. which gives rise to the
belief that they are not consuming
the amount of liquor they transport
from Marietta to Clarksburg and oth-
or points in that section.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-12-10
SEbLS ON SALE.
Daily except Sunday until
Christmas lin the Corridor
of the Postoffice.
red cross Christmas

Red Cross Christmas seals were
placed on sale In the corridor of the
postof1ce Saturday by the Clarksburg
Woman's Civic Club with Mrs.
Charles II. Harding and Mrs. Wayne
Harding in charge Of the desk. The
first days sales are reported as graf
flying. y
except Sunday until Christmas, the
opening hour being 9 O'Clock and the
closing hour O'Clock except on Sat
urday when the closing hour will be
later.
Mrs. o. H. Burgham and Mrs. John
Ruhl will have charge Of the desk
Monday.
The club has 10000 seals to otfer
this year.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-12-10
MRS. ERUSH PASSES ON
Aged Woman Succumbs to In
firrnities# at Home of Daugh-
ter on Jackson Street.

Mrs. Mary E. Frush passed away
at IS o'clock Saturday evening at the
home of her daughter, Mrs. Elmer
few weeks Illness OF infirmities. She
was 81 years old
Six children survive Mrs. Frush, as
follows: William Frush, Of Weston;
Wesley Frush OF YOUNGSTOWN. o..
Albert Frush. OF Chicago Junction,
o.; Paul Frush. OF Brilliant. o.;
George Frush, barber, OF this city,
and Mrs. Elmer Baxter.
Mrs. Frush was an excellent wom-
an and many friends Will be panied
to learn Of her death She was a
faithful member OF the First Meth
odist Episcopal church.
The funeral will not be arranged
until the children are all here.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-12-10
NEW CABINET is not
READY TO ANNOUNCE
AS Some of the Appointments
Have Not Yet Been Fin
ally Arranged.
tsY AssoctsTEo PacssI


LONDON, Dec. 9.-The expected an
nouncement Of Premier Lloyd Georges
cabinet has been postponed until to-
morrow, as some of the appointments
have not yet been arranged. The lat
est reports give the. constitution OF the
war council as Mr. Lloyd George, An
drew Bonar Law, Lord Curzon, Lord
Miner and Arthur Henderson. Lord
-Ntilner will be minister without port
folio an5 Lord Curzon lord prtyy seal
a. y Ralfour probably Will follow
The example of Viscount Grey in taking
a title TO enable him to be spokesman
for the foreign Office in the House Of
Lords, while Lord Robert Cecil will
continue TO represent the department
in the House of Commons. None of
the Liberal members Of Mr.. Asquithts
council Will hold office under the new
prime minister.
After the publication of the full
cabinet the next important proceeding
will be the meeting of parliament on
Tuesday when it is expected that Mr..
Lloyd George Will make a speech out
lining the policies of his administra-
tion and the new ministers Will be
asked many questions concerning con
ditions in Greece and other vital mat
tiers.
The new war council is considered
an extremely strong body. Lords Cur
ION and Miner are considered Two Of
the ablest and most experienced adj
ambassadors Of the Conservative party.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-12-10
new PEACE
Movements before the Federal
Council of the Churches of
Christ in ST. Louis.
snr Asaee,.1ep rnssr,

ST LOUIS. Dec. "a new peace
movement was before the Federal
Council or the Churches OF Christ to-
night in the share Of suggestions from
William Jennings Bryan and former
Congressman Richard Bartholdt OF st.
Louis, that churches Of America send
IA delegation TO Europe in mn effort
to end the war. Mr.. Bryan launched
the suggestion and Mr. Bartholdt en-
dorsed It, adding that Mr. Bryan
should be sent as head OF tho deleEa-
ton. The council has not yet acted
on tho plan.
The publicity committee Of the coun-
Gil, 1t was announced tonight. plans n
nationwide publicity campaign to nd
vertise the churches. a bureau to
handle news and advertising is
planned.
The committee reported that It
would study Systematically the matre,
of promoting church interests through
paid newspaper advertising and OK
.pected to show the value OF such I'D
yertising TO religious effort
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-12-10
GAS RATES.
Are to Be Raised at Several
Places in Southern Part of
the State January II.
tar aaaoe.ArEe raEes,

HUNTINGTON, Dec. Industrial
gas rates in Huntington and Bar
louisville and domestic and indus
trial rates ut Kenoya and Ceredo viii
be advanced on January by the
United Fuel Gas Company. an order
permitting such an increase having
been entered by the public service
commission at Charleston. The basic
rate for domestic gas as furnished by
this company at Ceredo and Kenoya
is to be twenty cents per thousand
feet instead Of fifteen cents as at pres
ent, while the manufacturing rate in
the four municipalities is Jumped
from an eight to a ten cent minimum.
/ The. petition did not seek to alter do
Emestic rates in Huntington and Bar
boursville, for which the minimum
rate Will continue to be fifteen cents.
Omcials of the Huntington DeveI-
Eopment and Gas Company, a compel
tive concern with Offices here. state
that there has been no movement
Hooking toward an..tncrease of its
rate on gas for either domestic or In
dustrial purposes, which, in Hunt
ington, is fifteen cents for domestic
and a five cent minimum for indus
I trial gas.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-12-10
MRS. Best DEAD
Mother Of Fred Best, Who
Works Here, is=Dead at0His
Home at MorqantoWn.

NfORGANTOW1S, Dec. u Mrs. Charles
Best, aged 81 years, is dead at the
home Of her son. Fred Best, 40 stew
art street, this city. Mrs Best had
been in falling health for, several
years past and her death was not en-
tirely unexpected
The deceased is survived by two
children, Fred Best, former police Of
flcer here and now employed at
4Clarksburg, and Mrs. Carrie Ray, OF
Newark, o. Two brothers, Jesse
Ritter and James Ritter. and two
.half-brothers, Charles Evans and
Frank Evans, all of Kent, o., also sur
@ytve.
Funeral arrangements have not.yet
been completed but 1T Is probable that
services. will be. held at the Best home
here. and that the body viii be taken
to Kent, o., for interment.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-12-10
SIS TER.
Of Residents of This Section
Dies at Her Home in
Wood County.

News or tho death OF Mrs Laura
Strndcr OF Belleville. Wood county,
was received here Saturday afternoon
by her sisters and brothers, ana
Lucion Ward, N this city: Porter
Ward. % West Milford and tho Rev.
;lthrn Ward. 81 Bridgeport nil broth
ers. left Saturday evening for Belle
VILE.
Mrs. stradcr. who was about 4O#
years old. died Friday night OF ty-
.phoid fever. She was the wife or
tho liev. Perry Strader. n minister
of the United Brethren church, The
body will be taken to Weston. where
funeral services will be held Monday
afternoon. She is survived by her
husband. several children and
number OF brothers and stters Rela-
.tives living in this section are Lucien
Ward. or this city; the Rev. Ithra
Ward. or Bridgeport; Benjamin and
Porter Ward. or West Milford. all
brothers: and Mrs, Potter Walker, of
this city. sister.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-12-10
GERlNANY'S ssTANI[S''
DOING "A FINE WORK
From German Standpoint in the
Successful Ronmanian Cam
paign Of the Teutons.
IIuv &aNoe1ArGn rasaal

At GENERAl4 Won F4NI.ISEN-
FfAfN'S HEADQUARTERS IN ROU-
MANIA. Dec. 9.----via London 1 +. NJ.
Quo OF the most interesting fea-
lures OF tho Roumnniau campaign
from IL German standpoint has boon
the Spectacular work or tho new ar
morcd automobiles evolved soon nf-
ter the advent or the British tanks
on tile SomnC front hut which the
Developments In Roumanla have
shown 70 be n vast Improvement III
efficiency over the British machines.
Even in the brief tests 1t has Ind
y Che Germans crossed thu III oun-
tains into tho Rounanian pIalrs tho
II SHtIl#n afmorcd car has shown
Itself an efficient auxiliary to the cav
airy III patrol work. aS 1t frequently
can inflict Infinitely more damage
than II whole squadron and Is fur
mnrr@ditliCult to destroy than, tho
English invention. Its achievements
so far include MI attack on Rou-
mRnian infantry IN which 300 men
were killed
The cars nrc twonty- i've feet IN
length. with wheels foot widc and
oncaasd in solid rubber They carry
crew OF ten men including the ma
chine gun operators. the chauffeur
and one substitute and ono officer.
The machine guns can be operated In
almost any direction through narrow
Sits. Al one end under the custo-
mary hood is a 1O0-horRcs power mo-
tor and Mt the other end under n sim
liar hood is n gasoline tamil Each
man in tho crew Is mn export mcchan-
iclan and chauffeur. so. IL Ly nny
chance. n stray bullet flies through!
tho slot through which operate looks
IL . /, -
competent TO take tile injured mans
place.
The automobile engine IL borh air
md water cooled. The car shell ii
imperyious to machine gun and rifle
fire. Whom no opponent Is in sight
the top or the turrct can he opened
so TINT n man can get his shoulders
out and make observations. Whom
the turret is closed perlscopeA are
placed In position, which permits n
view OF the surrounding landscape
from all angles.
The grent usefulness or the auto-
mobiles has been most apparent IN
Roumanin where the character OF the.
warfare makes it possible to slip be-
hind the opponents lines. On res
cent exploit Of this kind the com
mander worked his way to tho rear or
u &DodY OIL #ltpuIlnnlHnsl ntunIFy WHICH
was entrenchinE and almost before
the Rpumanfans were aware or tho
cars presence ii had swept the
trenches with machine gun nre and
driven the defenders out in disorder
None Of the German automobiles
or this type used III Rnumanln Inns. MS
yet been disabled or destroyed BY OPP
ponents. The bullets thus far en-
.conntered have hardly denied the
shells OF the machine.
The chief advantage or the new au-
tomob'le in contrast with tho British
machine is that 1t can run at an nv
erago speed of twenty-five miles per
hour rs contrasted with thesnail like
pace Of the Entente cars. It's speed
frequently enables It to scout even
ahead OF tho cavalry ana Il can make
It's way over any road or even q
field.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-12-10
HEALEY RESIGNS !.
AS Chief Of Police and Sunday
Closing Ordinance is to Be
Strictly Enforced.
tpy AseocIA4rp Parss,
CIIICACO- lnec d --1,he. d 3

CHICAGO, Dec. 3. The long con-
.tinued strife between Mayor William
Hale Thompson, Republican. and
NfacI1ay Hoyne, Democrat, states at
#torney, Over, Sunday closing Of sa-
looms and other municipal problems
eliminated tonight in an admission
by the mayor that Police Chief
Charles g. Henley. the mayors ap-
pointeei will resign simultaneously
an order was entered to enforce
strictly the Sunday closing ordinance
and arrest offenders on sight.
Major General Thomas III. Barry of
the United States army stationed here
was mentioned as a possible success
#sor to HcaIey Ii he could obtain leave
of absence from the war department.
The rumor had no Official substanti-
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-12-10
CORONER JURY
Will Hear Evidence in Carboni
Murder Case tuesday
Afternoon.

Tho hearing 81: evidence by the cor
Sonel's jury nmpanellcd by DR.. 8. NJ
Mason, coroner. to Investigate the
death OF Louis Carbonl. who was
murdered Thursday evening by Frank
Cnndiloro. will start at o'clock
Tuesday afternoon at the Lyncll-Os
born Undertaking CompnnS's estab
lishmont on West Main street.
The jury met ut 4 o'clock Saturday
afternoon and examined the body OF
the murdered man and adjourned un-
til Tuesday in order to give the pos
lice officers time to secure certain Wit
nesses That are wanted to testify at
the hearing.
The jury Is composed of the fol-
lowing men: j. H. Sommerville CT.
+. hIcConley. David u. Hall, u. 10.
Holden md j. N Young.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-12-10
AMERICA
is Preferred to Germany by
Interned Germans Who Are
about to Be Exchanged.
snY AssoclA1rn rnran,

LONDON. Dec, 9.After protract-
ed negotiations through the medium
OF the United States, arrangements
have been made for the exchange or
German and British civilian prison
ers who are more than forty-tiye
years old. About 1000 Germans are
informed IN the United Kingdom and
zoo British civilians are interned In
Germany. Whether the prisoners will
reach their respective homes depends
upon the success of the admiralty in
finding a neutral steamer on which
to make the exchange. Persons nrc
being made to break up the camps
for Germans on the Isle OF Man and
those established for British civilian
prisoners IN Germany. Only 1000 OF
the Germans interned in tho United
Kingdom expressed a desire to return
to Germany. II the opportunity or
fered. many would prefer to 60 to
America 1T Is said
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-12-10
REDUCTION
Is Made in Power Rates by the
MonongaheIa Valley Trac-
ton COMPANY.

n reduction of from i've to thirty
per cent in the wholesale power has
been announced by the Monongahela
Valley Traction Company, effective as
soon as approved by the state public
service commission.
The reduction effects power con
sumers alone, and Will, it is expected.
prove a very attractive feature to
resident and prospective rcsiden4
manufacturers. The increase in size
OF the central station at Hutchinson
makes for greater efficiency in the
lanufacture OF electricity and makes
possible the lowering OF the rates.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-12-10
PROTOCOL {. ! |.
Is Believed to Have Been Ap-.
proved by Carranza of the
Mexican Government.
tpY aasocIArro sRrsE,

WASHINGTON. Dec. 9The re-
converting OF the. NIexIcan-Amerfcan
commission lately set for Decembe
IL has again been postponed to
await the return of Alberto Pani.s
the Mexican commissioner, who took
the protocol south for General Car
ranZa's signature.
Mr.. PAM will reach Laredo tomor-
row, where the United States. at the
request Of the Mexican government
will suspend quarantine regulations.
to macilftate the nmissioner's pass
age. The Mexican commissioners
viii confer IN New York early next
week and meet here with the Aneri-
can coHlrafsaio ners soon after.
II IS beiifsycsd ri era Carranza has
apployed the protocol.