davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Huttig news., 1916-03-04
FERTILIZERS AND HoRTiCUL
 TURF.

The fruit and vegetable growers are
 always leaders in the use of plant foods for their crops This is espe- cially true of the vegetable growers. What they wish is rapid growth in their produce, so that they will get the vegetables on the market in the shortest possible time from the time of planting. This is the secret of success with vegetables, and the only way to. meet such conditions is to ap- ply fertilizers in large quantities. In the next paper we shall tell about the home garden" and how to fertilize it. In the present paper we are to tell more particularly about fruit trees and other horticultural plants.
 The relation of apple growing ,o fertilizers has never been very care fully worked out. We know that the especially apples, pays, but we have not yet worked out the best formula for the various kinds of trees, nor the amounts which pay best Brisbin says, in his book on Trees and Tree Planting," that in planting young trees large quantities of manure should be used in preparing the place for planting. These manures should be rich in plant food clements if the trees are expected to make rapid growth. The best way to increase the plant food in manures is to add tn tha 111o ha mi, oIa ,+e in various forms, and mix with leaf mold and manures. Brisbin also rec ommehds that weeds should not be al- lowed to grow around the apple trees, as they will take up the plant food which is put down for young trees.
 The best method of producing fruit is to keep the field or orchard clean by growing other crops which require constant attention and eulti- vation. Most farmers and horticul- turists fertilize the crops that grow in the orchard, and in this way save the expense of fertilizing the fruit trees again. In many instances le- gumes are grown as cover crop, and, incidentally. to furnish nitrogen The orchard cannot be cultivated too deeply, or injury will result. It needs to be cultivated shallow, and manures or fertilizers applied in reasonable quantities. While it is necessary to put fertilizers near the trunk of the tree, yet the roots scatter pretty well over an orchard, and the plant food that happens to fall further away from the trunk is not lost
 large crop of apples or peaches
The Huttig news., 1916-03-04
For sale at Union Saw Mill Go. Store.

kansas conditions to the growing of legumes should make the production of beef cattle profitable
 The proper wintering of the beef COW is an important matter The prac tice of allowing the COW to rough t vision of feed by the owner is utterly wrong. An unthrifty condition Is bound to result and the COW comes out of the winter too thin, in many cases, to give birth to a strong calf, much less provide an abundant flow of milk which is so necessary to start the calf off right, and keep it growing until 1t is old enough to utll- ize pasture. The ration for breeding cows need not be expensive. In fact. if silage can be provided. and there is no reason why it cannot, on a large majority of Arkansas farms. ana some dried roughage, preferably one of the legumes, can be given. no grain will be necessary to bring cows out in the spring in splendid condition. If the
 
 as the sorghums, Sudan grass. or na- tive grasses. a few pounds of cotton seed meal will supply the protein re, qHirement very cheaply.
 If the calf is given plenty of milk by the COW on pasture. and pastures are abundant, it should come in in the fall at weaning time in excellent and from early spring calv- ing, should weigh between four and five hundred pounds. The first win ter is the critical time in the life of a beef calf At weaning time it should be eating sufficiently well so that the loss of milk will wosk little hardship Instead of the common practice of let ting such weanlings go through the winter trying to make an existence on some poor unpalatable dried roughage, it will be found economical to feed quite literally on more wholesome ration. Where calves are roughed through, they generally lose as much as hundred pounds Tn weight, which
The Huttig news., 1916-03-04
Growing Animals on the Farm Eight Studies In the Growing of
 Our Own Live Stock.
EDITORS NOTE.

The Extension Division of the Uni versity of Arkansas, in cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture, will offer this year. through this paper, a free correspond enee course in "The Growing of Farm Animals" These lessons will appear In this paper at intervals of six weeks. Those who wish to take this course should write to the Director of Exten- sion Division of the University of Ar kansas. at Fayetteville, stating name, age, occupation, and stating that he Cor she) proposes to carry the work through for the eight lessons farm CTS bulletin will be sent to supplement lesson No. l, and later for each lesson If the question blank be returned for the preceding lesson. These question blanks will be sent With each bulletin. Preceding lessons may be had on re- quest. The additional lessons on The Growing of Fam Animals will be: (4) Growing and Feeding Beef Cattle;" 15) Hog Raising" t6) Growing Horses and Mules;" CD Sheep and Goat Raising" (SJ Stock Farm Man agement."
The Huttig news., 1916-03-04

takes from the soil much plant food, such as nitrogen, potash and phos- phoric acid, and unless this is sup piled from time to time, the trees will prove less fruitful and finally bear very little fruit, and what they do bear will be of poor quality The ar gument that old trees in pastures bear good fruit is not sound. be- cause conditions prevail in many iso- lated places this way that cannot be duplicated in the orchard Many times it is the natural leaf mold, woods earth, droppings from animals, and other materials carrying available plant food that make the fruit on such trees. Besides, such fruit is rarely ever as excellent and delicious as that grown in a well-kept orchard. Fruit, like all other kinds of field and garden crops, must be forced more or less to measure up to a high stan dard. To force the fruit, and at the same time keep the land fertile. We must apply to the soil as much fertil- izer as the crop takes from it.
 Fruit trees demand in their growth a fertilizer rather rich in potash and phosphoric acid, but not very rich in nitrogen. It was found that the citrus trees in California at the Riverside and did better every way with a com plete fertilizer than with any single plant food element, or any incomplete combination. It was also found that the acid requirements of these trees were more completely supplied with sulphate of ammonia than from any other nitrogen source.
 Many of the experiment stations have secured good results from fertil- iZing orchards, but none quite so good as the Ohio station F-~ H Ballou, in charge of work with apples. says:
 ITO sum up the results in increased frdit production from the use of chemical fertilizers on the very thin orchard land in southeastern Ohio, taking into consideration all our diff ferent plots at the various places GOV ering Sc miles of country, we have the following:
 Average per acre, per year fertil- ized. 100 barrels.
 Average per acre, per year unfertil- ized, A barrels.
 Gain per acre, per year, from fertil- ization, 56 barrels.
 Cost of gain per barrel, per year, ITS cents.
 This is the strongest endorsement for the use of commercial fertilizers in orchards that we have yet seen. and shows how it is possible to in- crease the incomes from an orchard by the wise use of the proper kinds of Fertilizers. Prof. Maurice A. Blake of the New Jersey Experiment Station recommends an application of 450 pounds of fertilizer per acre with peaches. Prof. Starnes of the Geor- gla Experiment Station tried many formulas at the Georgia station sev- eral years ago on peaches, and found that in every case the fertilizers paid.
The Huttig news., 1916-03-04

it takes them half the following sum- mer to regain, besides losing quality which can never be regained The ration fed should be conducive to growth rather than to fattening. Here again the succulenee of sllage is very desirable as well as the legumes to supply protein and mineral matter Instead of cottonseed meal. oats is ex- cellent when not too expensive The requirement of grain should be gauged by the results desired. Cotton seed meal is not safe for feeding small amount of corn if legumes are used for roughage could be used If crowded too much during the first winter the gains on pasture the fol- lowing summer, however, are general ly disappointing.
 The fattening of beef cattle in Ar kansas has thus far been successful only to a limited extent. Our class of cattle and feed available have made the short periods of fattening, say ninety days, more profitable than the long periods of say one hundred and eighty days. The grain rations necas- sary for the long periods has proved too expensive although the Arkansas feeder has very cheap and efficient concentrate in cotton seed meal How ever, it cannot be fed in large quan- titles for only the short period and the corn-fed finish cannot be attained with cotton seed meal alone As the growing of corn becomes more gen eral, the time will come when the finishing of cattle can be done as we'll and as profitably in Arkansas as it IS now being done in the corn belt states and perhaps even more so.
 The greatest needs of Arkansas TOT the profitable growing and fattening of beef cattle are the eradication of lie fever tick so that cattle can make l normal growth, the introduction of better blood through good sires, which Will quickly follow tick eradication. and a better understanding of stock growing so that the favorable condi- lions which pre- ail can be taken ad- vantage of to the fullest extent.
 What the Duke Said.
 The duke of Wellington of course, never said Up, guards. and at em," at Waterloo. but is it generally known how near he came to saying it? Sir Herbert Maxwell in his biography of the duke, points out what is the prob able origin of the pleasing legend. Late on the afternoon of that memorable June 18 the First and Second Battal ions of the Third Chasseurs were foremost in the attack on Mont Saint Jean. They had reached a erossroad, unaware that the British troops were lying behind the wayside banks, ac- cording to orders, to remain prone when under fire. but not actually en- gagged. Then. at the proper moment, Wellingtonss voice was heard, clear above the storm Stand up, guardsl It was Maitlands brigade of Guards that thus stood up,>' and, with vic torious rush. swept the chasseurs out of the eomb bat--Mancheste Guardian.
The Huttig news., 1916-03-04
 LODGE DIRECTORY.

ROWLAND LODGE No. 594 F. & A. M.meets every second and fourth Satur- day evenings at z:5O o'clock Visiting Masons always welcome.
 L. M. Despair, W. M. c. A. Berry, Sec'y.
 HOWARD CHAPTER, No. l22. R A. M.-meets every first and third Thurs day evening at Masonic hall Visiting companions welcome
 L.G. Gibson. E p D. F, Collett, Seoy
 HUTTIG CHAPTER No. 32o. Order of the Eastern Star, meets every first and third Friday evening at z.5o o'clock. Visiting brothers and sisters welcome.
 Mrs. J. A. Brigaao W. M Mas. L. G. GIBSON. Sec HUTTIG LODGE Nc 548 L 0. 0. meets every Tuesday evening V.sHaf orethern cordially invited to attend.
 E. L. Ware N 6 Harlan se4eA secp. a5TTlG RL56##5 L5DC asets every M3a-a5 #Ht Visitors are invited.
 Ms Lou affstzs a. Miss Murray Pii5t ton, so3 SWEET BAY CAMP Nc W meets every first aatea1d 5a-Ir.4y eve nings. Visitors made welcome.
 c. A. Mccormick, c. c. J. c. BRIDGES, GIerk. Sweet Bay Circle No. l4s, ". L.. meets every second and fourth Thursday night at z5o o'clock. Visitors are cor dially invited.
 Mrs. w. R Dickerson. Guardian. Mrs, C. A. Mccormick, Clerk.
The Huttig news., 1916-03-04
GROWING ANIMALS ON THE
 FARM
No. 4. Growing Beef Cattle.

By H. D. Dvorachek, Professor of Ami
 nal Husbandry, University of
 Arkansas
 The growing of beef cattle has al- ways been at it's best where pasture Is plentiful, so that cattle can feed themselves a good share of the time. Besides pastures, the growing of for age crops is essential to cheap produc- tion. Of the forage crops the legumes are especially desirable The long pasture season on nutritious, native grasses and the adaptibility of Ar
The Huttig news., 1916-03-04
The Uses and Abuses
 of Fertilizers

A Series of Six Articles Which Should He of Valuable Assistance to i AGriculturists and BorticuItur- ists of Srkansas-By Prof. R. J. II. De Loach, Director of Georgia Experiment Station.
The Huttig news., 1916-03-04
RAILROAD TIME TABlE.

ST. LoUis. IRON MOUNTAIN & SOUTHERN
 LITTLE ROCK & MONROE RY.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1916-05-10
National League Standing.
Lightning Wrecks House.

During the first electrical storm of
the season about 4 o'clock Sunday
afternoon lightning played queer
pranks and did hundreds of dollars
damage at the home of G. L. Colburn
in Mount Holly, two bolts striking
the house. Mrs. Colburn and her
guest, Mrs. A. w. Cook, also Allen
Burton, who were in the house, es-
capped injury though all weer severe
ly stunned. The first bolt entered the
top of the chimney and made it's ap-
pearance in a chamber by leaving
the stovepipe at a tee. From the
chamber the bolt passed downward
to the living room where it demol-
ished a gasoline lamp which stood on
a table, tore rugs and carpets into
shreds and splintered the floor, leav-
ing the room by way of the telephone
wires which were broken by the cur
rent. The second, and most severe
bolt struck tree west of the Colburn
home and jumped to the house, COM
pletely tearing away the northwest
corner Of the building. The bolt fol-
lowed a cross sill in the cellar for
about 10 feet when it divided and
tore up carpets and floors in two bed
rooms on the first floor.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1916-05-10
MAY CALL NATIONAL GUARD.
More Soldiers Wanted Along the
Mexican Frontier.

Washington, May 9.-Recommend-
ations from Major-Gen. Funston
looking to a redisposition Of forces
for the better protection Of the Amer
lean border from badit raids are un-
derstood to have been discussed at a
conference at the White House last
evening between President Wilson
and Secretary Baker.
Both the White House officials and
the secretary declined to disclose the
purpose of the interview. Mr. Baker
also refused to say whether Gen.
Funston has recommended the utiliza-
ton of all or part of the National
Guard as a border patrol. 1t is un-
derstood, however, that such a sug-
gestion has been made.
With the. exception Of 1000 to 5000
memb of cavalry, field artillery and
infantry all the regular modified
army Of $4,000 men, including 5000
recruits enlisted under the Hay reso-
luton are now on the border or in
Mexico. The force actually on the
border numbers approximately $4,000
and with this force, army officers de-
clare, it is impossible effectuaIIy to
protect the border.
Gov. Ferguson Of Texas is report
ed here to have summoned the Ma
tional Guard Of that state to the col
ors and to have sent several COM
panies of state militia into the Big
Bend country to cooperate with the
regular army.
Members of the Texas delegation in
Congress are receiving kilograms urg-
ing that some action be taken and
sentiment in favor Of calling out the
National Guard is said to be growing
generally among members of Con-
gress from the border states.
Secretary Lansing, while admitting
that Carranza in his note demanding
withdrawal of the American forces
had repudiated this governments un-
derstanding that he had agreed to
the pursuit of the Columbus raiders,
insisted that so much of the original
agreement as referred to raids that
nigh follow that at Columbus was
still in effect. Thus, he indicate. the
United States would be acting entire
ly within it's rights If a new expedi-
ton were sent on hot traiI' after
the Glen Springs and Boquillas raid
ers.
Formal representations informing
Carranza of the attacks ON the two
Texas towns, but demanding nothing
particularly in the way of redress,
were sent to Special Agent James
Lynn Rodgers in Mexico City last
night, Secretary Lansing says.
Secretary Baker has received no
information that any troops have been
sent across the line to pursue the
raiders. He said last evening:
1.-The situation is wholly in Gen.
Funston's hands. His orders are to
protect the border. All the troops in
Mexico and on the border are under
Gen. Funston's immediate command,
and he can do with them as he sees
fit"
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1916-05-10
French And Germans Unable To
Make Amy Change In The Reg
ion of Verdun
RUSSIANS SUCCEED
Are Smelling the Germans at Ikslxull
and Driving the Turks in Mace
dOnia-TurIxs Preparing to
Advance Upon Egype-
Meat Shortage.

The French and German forces ap-
parently are deadlocked on the front
in the Verdun section. The Ger
mans seemingly are unable to ad-
vance and the French are unable to
expel them from the positions they
Verdun there are respectively artil
lery battles and bombardments An
intermittent cannonading is going on.
The only infantry engagement report
ed today was launched by the Ger
mans against the French trenches
around the foot of Hill 304. The
French brought into play their cur
tain of fire and the Germans were
unable to debauch.
The shelling of the German posi-
tions at Ikskull by the Russians on
the eastern battle line is still in prog
ress. The artillery activity on the
other sectors Of the Russian front are
not important. The Russians in Ar
menia have put down the Turkish at
tack to the southeast in the region of
Mush and driven their entire line
from the mountain chain. In addi-
ton Russia is operating westward
from the Persian fort at Bagdad and
have dislodged the Turks from five
positions and driven them to Gorilla
bridge head around San Martino.
On the Austrian-Italian front there
are heavy bombardments. At San
Martino the Italians suffered heavy
losses from the explosion of mines.
There is also bombarding on other
sectors.
A dispatch to Paris from Saloniki
says that vigorous artillery battle is
going on on the Macedonian front.
An Athens dispatch says the German
Bulgarian forces are bombarding
Nayada, their shells causing much
damage.
Semi Official advices from Berlin
state that the Turks are constructing
railroad across the desert prepara-
tory to an advance on Egypt. Five
battalions of sick and wounded Brit
ish soldiers from Kut-El- Mara con-
sisting of 1,073 men have reached
Bridgehead.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1916-05-10
Closing Session Of Annual State
Convention at St. AIbrns Yester-
day
OFFICERS ELECTED
S. Nj. DriscoH of st. Adams at Head of
the Order-Meet Next Year at
AT Bellows FaIIS-A Total
Membership of 1852
Reported.
Especial to the caledonian)

N0PSC1dl W lnO Sd1COOAAc4AJ
st. AIbans, May 9.-The closing
day of the annual convention of the
Vermont State Council, Knights of
Columbus. was occupied with the
celebration of mass at st. Mary's 8
church. the holding of the convention
proper, automobile trips for the Wis
iting ladies and a ball at the City hall
tonight.
At the business session this morn
ing, held at the City hall the report
of the state secretary showed a gain
of 243 in membership, one of the
largest gains in the history of the
order in this state. The member
ship is composed of TAI insurance
and 1,211 associate, total of 1852.
A healthy financial standing was
shown, with balance on hand May
of $1,498.85. The total increase by
the Supreme Council is nearly six per
cent, while the increase in the Yer
mont Jurisdiction is IA per cent.
Bishop Rice did not enter the sanc-
tuary until the close of the mass,
when he gave a brief address to the
knights.
\ Officers were elected this afternoon
as follows: State deputy, Stephen M.
DriscoIl of ST. Albans; state secretary,
E. J. Howard of Bellows Falls; state
treasurer, A. c. Moore of Barre; state
warden, John E. Smith of Rutland;
state advocate, B. j. Mulcahy of
Hardwick; delegates to the national
convention at Davenport Iowa, Dep
uty S. M. Driscol, Past Deputy G. +.
Mann of Brattleboro, alternates,
Frank E. Grace of Fair Haven, D. J.
Prendergast of Bennington.
1t was voted to hold the next an
nual convention at Bellows Falls the
second Tuesday of May, 1917. A per
capita tax of 80 cents for the ex-
penses Of the state council, was levied.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1916-05-10
GERMAN PLOTTERS GUILTY.
Jury Asked CIemency for an EmpIoye
of Robert Fav


New York, May 9.-The jury which
trial of Robert Fay, a former lieu
tenant in the German army, Walter
Scholz and Paul Daeche, charged
with conspiracy to destroy munitions
shops through bomb contrivances,
returned a verdict of guilty last
night against all of the defendants.
The jury deliberated on the case for
five hours and in reaching a verdict
asked for clemency in behalf of
Daeche who, according to his own
statements and those of Fay and
Scholz, was an employe of Fay and
knew little of the details of the fire
bomb" plots.
The defendants each are liable to
a maximum sentence of IL years i'm
prisonment and the payment of a
$1,000 fine. Judge Howe announced
he would impose sentence this morn
ing. The defendants were found
guilty on two indictments.
Fay heard the verdict unmoved; I;
Scholz Strengthened up in his chair
while tears welled in the eyes of
Daeche. Fay and Scholz were re-
turned to the Tombs. but Daeche was
released under $4,000 bail.
Fay declared his lawyers would ap-
peal from the verdict. 1t was learned
that Fay was found guilty on one
ballot, Scholz, on two ballots, while
there were eight ballots before an
agreement on Daeche was reached.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1916-05-10
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS
Commissioner of Education Stone Ex-
planned Their Purpose to st.
JohnsburY People.

State Commissioner of Education
NJ. S. Stone was in town last evening
and addressed the people at the town
hall on the plan and provisions of the
junior high schools provided for un-
der the new educational law.
He said that under the present law
the elementary course in the public
schools provides a six years course
for boys and girls between six and II
years of age, and covers the last
years of childhood. The Junior high
school course is for four years, de-
signed for children from II to 16
year sof age, and covers the youth
period. The youth period is entirely
different from the childhood period
and the content of instruction as we'll
as methods of instruction are entirely
different In the youth period the
boy grows faster physically than men
tally and should have some vocation
al subject, or physical expenditure.
The state Of Vermont aids the jun
ior high school, but will not aid the
ordinary high school. I'll does this be-
cause the junior high school is an
agency for the development of Yer
mont. while the ordinary high school
is an agency for the depletion of
STLnOuL UluSL up Dy
building up its young men and wom-
en- to see the opportunities and do the
necessary work.
The subjects taught in the junior
high school function not only in the
lives of the boys and girls but in
the life of industry and the COM
munity. The ordinary high school
does not function in either the COM
munity or the lives of the students to
any large degree. The ordinary high
school fits for college but only five
per cent. of the children go to college
The junior high school fits the 95
per cent who do not go to college to
be prepared for life.
The colleges are adjusting their
curriclum to the new system so that
any boy who has compelled the SEN
ior Junior high school period will be
able to find a place in the college.
st. Johnsbury must settle it's own
problems and consider carefully
whether it wants to make an invest
ment or pay tax.
At the close of the address a large
number of questions were asked BY
different members of the audience
which showed their interest in tn,
subject.