davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-30

Germans attack French lines in
Artois district. French claim to have
driven enemy back.
Germans penetrate French lines near
Newport, but are driven back, accord :
ing to Paris.
Heavy artillery action about Loos.
British claiming successful lombard
ment of enemy trenches
TUESDAY.
Cathedral at Newport destroyed by
German fire
Berlin claims capture of another
French trench near Newport and re-
pulse of several enemy counter at
ckS.
German fiers attack allied military
esta blishments at Nancy and factories
at Baccara.
French biplane falls near Benoit.
WEDNESDAY.
Berlin reports capture of additional
French trenches at Newport and
desperate hand-to-hand fighting.
French admit occupation by Germans
of mine craters northeast of Neuville-
st. WAIST.
French fire skaters enemy works in
region of Roye.
THURSDAY
Allied fire damages German trenches
in front of Borsinghe and between
Steenstraete and Het Sas.
French report repulse of Germans in
their effort to retake craters lost
earlier to the enemy
French claim advantage in Argonne
mine fighting.
FRIDAY.
Germans by concerted attacks gain
footing in French trenches south of
Givenchy.
Teuton attacks on Melville road re-
ported generally repulsed.
| French claim repulse of enemy attack
north of Roclincourt.
Germans forced back after attack on
ST Laurent-St. Nicholas road
Heavy artillery action between
Somme and Disc, in the Eosges, near
Loos, on the La Bassee canal, east of
Armentieres.
British repel enemy surprise attack
northeast of Loos.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-30
NEAR-EAST CAMPAIGN.
Chronological Events.
SUNDAY.

L
Turks report occupation of Hangover
Assadabad and Chakparkam in the
Caucasus.
Russian attacks near Miandaah AND
Urumiah reported repulsed.
Russia reports continuation of Turks
preciptate retreat near Erzerum.
kurd detachment reported annihilated
south of River Charianson.
Russians claim occupat ton of Sultana-
bad in Persia.
British reported to have defeated Sen.
ussi tribesmen in western Egypt.
MONDAY.
Russians lombard Erzerum forts
kurdS defeated at several points in
region of Melazghert
Russian and British forces reported to
be nearing each other. the British at
kut and the SlavS at Hamadan.
Floods along Tigris interfere with mill
tary operations
TUESDAY,
Turks report defeat of British reinforce
mentS for kut-el-Amara January 81
Turks report defeat of British west of
Roma.
Russians claim continued pressing of
enemy near Erzerum.
WEDNESDAY.
Berlin reports British loss of $4,000
killed and 10000 wounded in southern
Arabia campaign. London denies claim.
Russians report check of Turkish often
sive in Erzerum region and successful
encounters at Melazghert
THURSDAY
Russians crush large Turkish force
west of Melazghert and in subsequent pur-
suit of foe enter khynynsskala.
Gen Townshend reports withdrawal Of
!urklsh forces from land side of Kut-el
FRIDAY
turkish army routed by Russians at
aMeiazghert reported to be continuing
flight toward Musk. s
russians report severe defeat for Turtle
and kurds south of Lake Urumiah
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-30
AUSTR0-ITALIAN ARENA.
Chronological Events.
SUNDAY

SUNDAY
Italians repulse enemy advances on
slopes of Nozzolo and north of Mort
ltallans lombard Calldonazza and
Jarvis as reprisal for enemy aero at-
tacks on Dogma and Borgo.
Austrians claim repulse of enemy On
Rombon slope.
MONDAY.
Italian advances in Lavarine district
ana on Rombo slope reported re-
pulsed.
Austrians driven from Moos by Italian
artillery.
Italians report silencing of enemy
batteries on Monte San Michele
TUESDAY.
Italians report repulse of Austrians
around Mort in the Tagarina valley.
Austrians hurl incendiary bombs on
Borgo and Roncegno.
Two Austrian attacks on Italian Santa
Lucia positions reported repealed.
WEDNESDAY.
Violent artillery duels in Monte San
Michele region.
Austrians report capture of 1,1s7
enemy soldiers in occupation of po-
sitions near Oslavia.
Italian attacks near Podora reported
repulsed.
Austrian fliers again lombard Borgo
and Ala.
Italians claim to have gained ground
toward San MARITIME.
THURSDAY.
Heavy artillery action over whole
front.
Austrian offensive in Gorilla zone re-
ported halted.
FRIDAY.
Austrians reported repulsed in three
attacks on Italian positions on the up
per Isonzo.
Italians gain enemy trench near San
MaYtino.
Heavy artillery action on Carnia from
tier.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-30
DURHAM MINERS VOTE
TO SUPPORT CONFUSION

LONDON, January 90. - The Durham
miners unions took a ballot today on
the question whether they should sup
port the military service bill and the
vote resulted in a majority Of 1886 in
favor of the bill. The totals were:
For the bill. Bats; against the BILL
26,819.
twenty thousand miners refrained
from voting, while thirty thousand
were unable to cast ballots because
the men were in the army.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-30
Wear Shirts Over Uniform.

Correspondence Of the Associated Press.
BERLIN. January 7-Russian
general staH reports have fire.
quently mentioned night attacks
in which the soldiers wore their
shirts over their uniform coats.
A majority of the readers have
pu.sled In vain for an answer to
why this should he done, and have
assumed that IL was to help make
the attackcr invisible against
the snow.
Capt. BerthoId Walter of the
German army now comes for
shirts are worn. not to conceal
the weaFers, but rather no that
the attackers may be able to dis
tinEuish each other in the dark
ness and the conflict of battle.
The custom also IL not new, but
historically old.
1t was begun centuries ago by
the French, and was called "cami-
aade,o from the Latin "cAmisian
or shirt. The term gradually be-
came more general and was used
to designate any kind of . night
nght. whether the soldiers wore
their shirts inside OF outside of
their coats.
The frat recorded "camisaden
took place at the capture of
P0int0tse in 1410. The last one
Of Importance was the stOrminK
Of LieGe BY the troops Of the late
Gen. Won Emmieh.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-30
Pasteboard Coins in France.
of the Associated Press.

Correspondence OF the Associated Press.
PARIS, January 1s.-Paste-
board sous and pieces represent
ing denominations up to FIVE
francs are being used in some Of
the occupied cities owing to the
scarcity of small change. The
pasteboards are of many different
colors and shapes-square, round.
octagonal, oval and diamond
shaped.
At Roubaix, Tourcoing. Roncy
and Croix the money is guar
anteed by the municipality and
good only for use in transactions
with merchants of the town.
where the money is issued. At
Lille the pasteboard sous were
issued by the Bank of Lille.
The city of Valenciennes issues
a new denomination of small
change in the form Of a four-sou
piece GO centimes). guaranteed
by the communes of the arrondis-
sement and redeemable four
months after the conclusion Of
peace.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-30
invasion OF MESOPOTAMIA BY BRITAIN
FIRST GIVING PROMISE OF GREAT SUCCESS,
TAKES ON CHARACTER OF GAMBLERS THROW
Frank H. Simonds Reviews the Advance Bagdad Whc
eliminated in Failure When Union Jack Seemed
About to be Raised Over City of the Caliphs.
By FRANK H. SIMONDS,
Author of "The Great War;"

Copyngh ine)
Mespotani o
of bulletins
eBntshw
Bdd and the Union
LOT the o
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-30
WESTERN ARENA.
Chronological Events.

SUNDAY.
Allied aeros lombard Metz. Germans
shell stations and military establish
ments behind enemy's front.
British lombard German positions at
Monchy and rockingham.
Artillery and mining operations over
large part of front.
MONDAY.
Nancy and Newport bombarded by
Germans.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-30

First of all in the British reckoning
was the German ambition to make the
Bagdad railroad the avenue OF ap-
proach to India. and more Immediately
to Persia Before the war Germany
and Britain had almost reached an
agreement on the Bagdad railway.
Throughout it's whole extent it was to
be under Teuto-Turkish direction, save
only a short section from the delta to
the town of Korveit, upon the Persian
gulf
British and German statesmen had
initiated an agreement as to the baS
dad railway. German-B British relations.
largely because of this agreement, were
reported greatly improved; Germany
was to have her place in the sun IN
the near east. Then came the war
With the war it became Immediately a
British policy to seize as much OF tne
country as possible in Mesopotamia
before Germany, having completed the
Bagdad railway, was able to use 1t to
send troops to Mesopotamia.
The Arabs Considered.
But there was another consideration.
The Osmanli Turk is only a compare
lively recent ruler in Islam. He sue
ceeded the Arab after wholly dubi-
Gus performance in Cairo, and his title
to primacy is not only shadowy, but IS
challenged by the Arabs, whose con-
tempt for the Turk himself is very
great
1t was the hope of the British that
once British army had penetrated
Mesopotamia and reached Bagdad the
whole Arabic world would stir; that
not alone Mesopotamia, but Syria,
where the demand for autonomy has
been great and the Arabic population
are strongly French in their sympa-
thies, would welcome the invader, de-
clare themselves free and join with the
possessors of Mesopotamia and of
Egypt in restoring the ancient callph-
ate.
tainly have been reduced by almost d
half in area and by third III MoSlem
population. All chance of an invasion
of Egypt by the Hedjaj railroad. which
toward Mecca. would have been abol-
ished. Beyrut, Alexandretta. jana
would have been open to allied armies,
and the great German plan OF an en-
pire from the Elbe to the Euphrates.
from Bremen to Basra, Wouio nave
gone glimmering.
The pa rtition of Turkey would nave
begun. had the British succeeded ana
the Arab responded, long before any
German troops could have been sent by
fields, because at the earliest the tun-
mel through the Taurus cannot be nm
ished before next summer
Once an Arab state was created IN
Mesopotamia and Syria, the remote
danger of German attack upon India,
of the now pressing peril of Teuto-
Turk drive to Suez, would have been
removed. The Turk would have lost
not alone territory. but the possession
of Mecca and the primacy in Islam
Chief Incentive to Campaign.
AS the campaign developed the posi-
bility of cooperating with the Rus
slams who were endeavoring to drive
the Turks out of Persia was realized,
and perhaps supplied the chief incen-
tive to push the campaign as far north
as Bagdad.
From Bagdad there runs north and
east the main highway to Central Per-
STA, the route by which arms, ammuni-
ton and agents were sent to stir up
activity among the Persians, which
made itself felt in very annoying fash
ion upon the Russian frontier.
Could the British take Bagdad, they
would not merely get hold upon the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-30
HANDS TIED, BELGIAN SPY
is FOUND DEAD IN LAKE

LONDON. January 2s.-An Amster-
dam dispatch to the Exchange Tele-
graph Company says the body Of Fritz
Norden, a Belgian who was suspected
of acting as a spy for the Germans,
has been discovered in Ixelles Lake.
near Brussels. The hands were tied
behind the back.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-30
Three Engagements Prevail
at Many Points Along the
Western Front.
NEWPORT AND Melville
Chief STORM CENTERS
Allies and Germans Struggle Hand
to Hand as Artillery Plays
Strange Medley Of Death.
BY OLIVER OWEN KUHN.

While great artillery forces have been
constantly playing their resounding med
lev of death, tens of thousands of lives
have been offered up on the altar OF the
war god Mars by French, British, Bel
gians and Germans on the western pat
tie front reaching from the Nosses 10
the regions of Belgium during the past
seven days From one end of line
stretching through riddled country 10
a point more than 200 miles away the
allied and Teutonic armies have been IN
a death grapple practically every moment.
During the daylight hours attack after at
tack has been launched and counter o.
fensiyes planned and carried out. Wneh
day has faded the blackness OF night mas
been made day again by the countess
rockets sent up by the contendlns forces
that they might better see thelr way "
kill. tear and rend.
The Germans are reported 10 nave
initiated the present great struggle. EdIiy
in the week the huge German cannon
which have made vast sections OF france
and practically the whole of Belgium
shambles, began hurting their missiles OF
destruction into the allied lines NIeu-
port and Neuville ST Vast were the nrst
points to feel the terrible effects OF the
sustained fire AS has been the case in
previous periods of the present CONNECT
this heavy artillery fire itself gave warn
ing to the allies. who in recent months
have been enabled to thoroughly prepare
for an offensive of any character. The
big British cannon answered those OF
the Germans. The Belgian artillery kept
Up a murderous fire lin the direction OF
the enemy, while the French were forced
to make a reply from the Flanders front
to the southernmost point on the western
front. These artillery duels are said to
have cost both forces millions of dollars.
it being declared that at Newport alone
10000 shells were expended by the Ger
mans in a comparatively few hours.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-30

Zeppelins drop bombs in Dvinsk region
Russ artillery disperses German force
in Sventen region.
Skirmishes on the middle Stripa front.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-30
Austrians Hold
Montenegrin Cities.

city Of Scutari having been taken dur
ing the week. The taking of Scutari
was difficult task. however. The
combined Montenegrin and Serbian
forces battled for three DAYS before
retiring further to the southwark.
From latest reports Gen. Vukotich and
several of his Montenegrin generals
have surrendered to the invaders, and
II these leaders have actually given
in there is but little chance of further
Montenegro success, although it is be-
lieved guerrilla warfare of varying in
tensity will be continued until the very
end. Vienna declares that each day
sees further surrender of Montenegro
soldiers.
Although Italian forces sent into AL
bania at the time the Serbians were
forced out of their own realm were
supposed to be holding several points,
one of the chief of these being Durazzo,
1t now is declared that the main body
has been centered at Avlona, and that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-30
Russians Continue
Caucasus Advance

declared to be hemmed in at Erzerum.
Fully 10000 Turks have been forced
to find refuge in this famous old fort
ress, which. it is believed, will greatly
reduce its power because of the heavy
drain on supplies. The Russians, in
addition to inficting terrible losses on
the Turks, are said to have taken 1000
prisoners during the engagements i'm
mediately preceding the falling back
of the Turks to Erzerum
Even though the Russians continue
to advance, they will not be permitted
to join hands with the British along
the Tigrls II the military plans of
Germany and Turkey are carried out.
feet of 5000 automobiles, il is said,
has been assembled in Constantinople
and these machines will transport
German, Austrian and Turkish troops
to those Mesopotamla regions where
they are most needed. Their strength
is expected to be pitted against the
Russians, because of the success of the
Grand Duke Nicholas in pressing for
ward. haZarding Teutonic aspirations
in these regions Field Marshal Won
der Goltz, who years ago reorganized
the Turkish army and who is consid-
cred one of the shrewdest military
leaders ever in the service of the
kaiser, will lead the Mesopotamia ex-
petition. it is said.
With the complete overrunning of
Montenegro and Albania by the Austri-
an forces, the war in the Balkan arena
soon is expected to enter upon still
another phase, for ii is believed that
by the complete conquest of these
countries the Gcrmanic allies can then
turn their fun attention toward the
Saloniki front, where they are expect
ed to begin their long-expected drive
upon the Franco British forces in the
near future.
K
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-30
Aero Activity
Points to Struggle

where bombs were dropped on the city
Nancy also has been visited by the
shells of the Germans. Renewed and
persistent aero activity on the part OF
the Teutons would lend color to the
claim that the present engagements Oh
the western front, even though severe
in character. but preface more de-
termined Teutonic drive toward Calais
their present activity being largely
for the purpose of reconnaissance. II
the present engagement is part OF
that plan and the Germans attempted
TO break the allied lines in the pas,
week they failed. although holding d,
least two saltents in the French po-
sitions. II is not believed by militia
experts that the Germans will at the
present juncture cease their activities
and particularly inasmuch as the
weather for the first time in weeks Is
propitious for extensive military opera
lions.
While the conflict on the western
front has been watched with the closest
interest. II having some time ago been
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-30
Problem Before
British Serious One.

OF determined character. Should the
Cairo-Berlin dispatch in reference to
the Arabian situation be entirely ac-
square miles of territory, deemed neces-
sary to the defense of the Suez canal.
has fallen into Turkish and Arabian
hands. the problem which must be solv-
ed by the British in case they success
fully repel further incursions is in
deed serious
In other sections of the near east the
tide of battle is fuctuating, but the in
tensity of the engagements is not mini
mlzed by either OF the belligerents in
this field of operations. Gravest fears
| have been expressed in London for the
safety of the forces of Gen. Townshend
at kut-el-Amara and those of Gen.
Aylmer. who is endeavoring to reach
his belea CURED countrymen. Turkish
forces have directed their chief atten-
ton to Gen. Aylmer. and seemingly
have been content to let lack of water
and provisions force the surrender of
Gen. Townshend at kut-el-Amara. Gen.
Aylmer last week was reported to have
! been successful over the Turks in sew
eral engagements. but at the present
juncture he is farther away from his
objective than at that time, Constanti-
nople declaring that the Turks met
Gen. Aylmers forces about twenty
miles east of Kut and inflicted losses
on the British totaling 5000 dead. The
British were forced back. A subse-
quent attack at Menlarie is also said
to have cost the British troops dearly.
The situation for both Gen. Townshend
and Gen. Aylmer is considered critical
and is expected to continue so, because
the forces of these generals are vastly
outnumbered by the cooperating Turks
and Arabs.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-30
Fierce Struggle in
Melville Region.

herman ln1dntry
Fierce Sfrnco1e in forces launched
their advance d
and machine gun fire greeted them
Despite this. however. Berlin de-
clares that three lines of French
trenches were captured over a front of
about FIVE hundred yards. Eight sue
cessive counter-attacks by the French
are declared to have been repulsed.
The men at this point engaged for
hours in vicious hand-to-hand fighting
Countless times the soldiers of each
the murderous machine gun fire. caus-
ing fearful casualties OF dead and
wounded. French say that much OF
the territory in this region has been
retaken from the enemy. but tins Is
denied in Berlin. Both are agreed.
however. that no fiercer fighting has
been witnessed in the present war
than that at this point
While the infantry lighting has been
most marked at Newport, severe but
shorter engagements have been fought
at other points. The artillery of the
allies has been particularly active
along that section of the line held
down by the British. Severe damage.
il rs declared. has been done TO the
German works over practically the
whole of the User canal region, par
ticuarly in the vicinity OF Boesinghe,
Het Sas and Steenstraete.
In the Artois west of the highway
from Arras to Lens. there has been par
ticularly heavy fighting of all kinds.
the French claiming TO have been uni
formly successful in repelling the at
tacks of the enemy, which have been
numerous. Trenches of the Teutons
to the north of scissors have been
wrecked and in the region of Rheims
artillery fire proved to be very de-
structive.
Although the most strenuous effort to
break the allies lines. up TO the pres
ent has been directed toward Melville
St. WAIST and Newport, the Artois is
expected to be the scene of great
battle of somewhat decisive character.
This is the region that has been re-
peatedly bathed in blood since the
great struggle started
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-30

conceded that the present war would be
decided in either the eastern or western
arenas. possibly the most startling in
formation was the announcement that
the Turks, in conjunction with the
Arabs. up to December 80 had inflicted
casualties of $4,000 on the British forces
sent 10 southern Arabia to guard the
approaches to the Suez canal. Alden.
known as the Gibraltar of the east
because of the strong Notifications
placed at this point by the British, was
declared to have been completely sur
rounded by the Turks and Arabs. Con-
siderable uneasiness has been manifest
in England over the fate of 10000 men
at this point. despite the official denial
of all claims of the enemy. The Cairo
dispatch indicating Alden was in peril
was sent the latter part of December.
Just what has transpired in the inter
vening time is not clear. Alden may
have fallen and the British completely
overwhelmed, or, on the other hand. for
tune may have turned in their favor.
Owing to the poor means of commune
cation in these regions at the present
time the Cairo-Berlin dispatch report
ing the disaster for British interests
may be discounted somewhat.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-30

Russian armies in the Caucasus con.
tinue to advance, according to Iates,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-30

Many aeroplane battles took place
during the week, the Germans crossing
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-30
Military Operations in Balkans
Expected Soon to Take
on New Phase.
ATTACK ON SALONIKI
BELIEVED imminent
British Situation in Mesopotamia
and in Southern Arabia Deemed
Critical-Peace Talk Heard.

the Austrians are pushing toward this
point hoping to join hands with the
Buigarians moving westward through
81 Bessan district. Avlona would be
Of great Importance to the interests of
the allies in future operations in the
Balkans. and 1t is expected that a
strenuous attempt will be made to
hold this. the last remaining Adriatic
port not in the hands of the enemy.
Continued tenancy of this position.
however. will be fraught with diff
Guilty, for In addition to a severe land
attack 1t also would be constantly
menaced from the Adriatic. The Aus
trian fleet at Cuttaro might be used
In connection with the land forces in
an attempt to compel a surrender.
Such action. however. would be accom-
panied by danger for the Austrian
fleet, inasmuch as the allies are said
to have a tremendously strong squad
ron in the southern Adriatic.
The movements of the Austrians and
the Rn1par{aps in Alb, h,1,o o,reod
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-30

AT the present juncture Austrians
are in control of all the chief cities of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-30

AT Neuville st. WAIST. the French
anticipated the attack, and when the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-30

At any odds the report but further
strengthens the German contention tina t
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-30

1t also is reported that GERMANY
will make peace tenders to Belgium
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-30

Hidden enemies of the skies now are
holding certain sections of England in