Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1916-07-30
ECOND YEAR OF GREAT WAR CLOSES WITH
TEUTONS ON DEFENSIVE ON ALL FRONTS
crumbled. When the British and
French trOOns advanced they repOrted

crumbled. When the British ana |
French troops advanced they reported
that they found trenches in which
there was not a single survivor, only
the dead guarded the silent rifles
and machine guns. German first
lines were carried over an extent of
% miles and the second positions
pierced at certain points but up to
the present the fighting has been in
decisive in SO far as the forcing Of
the Germans to withdraw their main
lines is concerned. The fighting has
been of the bitterest possible descrip-
ton and the reports of press CORES
pondents at the front TEEN with ac-
counts of the most amazing heroism
and devotion on both sides. Instances
have been recorded of the sole sur
vvor of a company, wounded and
without hope, who manned machine
gun and fought to the last amid the
bodies of his comrades; of isolated
detachmants who STOOD off their foes
for days until succor reached them
or death; of captured surgeons who
| bound up the wounds of their cap
| tors; of heroic rescues of wounded
comrades under fire and of countless
similar deeds that thrilled the watch
| ing world.
| The first move in the great allied
offensive was not made by the Fran
co-British, however, but by the Rus
slams. On June 4 the troops of the
Emperor Nicholas opened a trench
dous assault on the Austro-German
lines on a three hundred mile front
extending from the Pripet marshes to
| Roumania. The Teuton lines held
firm in the north but to the south
General Brussiloff swept with ire
sistible force through the Austrian
defenses, tearing a great gap about
100 miles in extent. Through this
the Russians poured, capturing
Czernowitz, the capital of Bukowina,
and overrunning the crownlannd. The
Austrian losses are declared to have
been enormous, month after the Of
fensive began the Russians making
an official announcement that over
100000 prisoners had been taken and
at least an equal number killed or
wounded.
AS the offensive developed the Rus
slams won new successes further
north and at the close of the war
year are engaged in mighty strug-
gle for Lemberg, the capital OF Cali
cha. The fighting has also extended
: to the extreme north, the Riga
Dvinsk region. but here the Germans
have held their own and no decisive
:, result has as yet been gained BY
,, either side.
:. In another theatre of the war the
0fh
= portant Russian successes. FOLLOW
: ing the disasters on the eastern iron
: in the closing months of 1915 tn
. Grand Duke Nicholas was removed a:
4 commander-in chief of the Russian
a armies and sent to take charge of tn
s operations against the Turks in tn
Caucasus. After months of prepare
: ton he began a great drive acros
II Armenia in January, 1916, which re
r. suited in the capture of Erzerum an
n the port of Trebizond and expelled
= the Turks from the greater part Q
# Armenia. After comparative lul
o of some months the grand duke re
J. sumed his advance simultaneous wit
If a serious uprising against the Turk
II nv the Arabs in Arabia. The Arab
r took the sacred city of Mecca, Jidda
IS and Taft, and besieged Medina, tn
" city where Mohammed was burle
" and one of the hottest spots OF tn
N Mohammedan world. In the NEAR
j. time the Russians took Mamakhatu
at and Baiburt. but these operation
D. have not yet reached a definite cor
l. clusion.
in Serious Reverses for Allies.
;e In connection with the TURKS
We campaign the year saw a serious RI
re verse for the Franco British arm
to and a less important. but highly dr.
matte, disaster for the British. TT
disastrous attempt of the French an
he British to force the Dardanelles ar
It seize Constantinople was definite
of abandoned in November. 1915. and Il
y, allied troops withdrawn from Il
w Gallipoli peninsula. About 1900
NJ troops had been used in this ventur
IN supported by mighty fleet. Six ba
es tleships, five British and one Frenc