davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1916-05-19

at cents pound, is 13 cents at this
writing. Save it!
Here are the figures in tons of re
covered" metal from Uncle Sans junk
pile for just a year: Brass, $4,000;
copper, $4,000; spelter, $4,000; lead.
$4,000; zinc, 1914; tin. 10000; anti
mony, $500; aluminium, 5,400 The
recovered" metals totaled $57, 039, 706.
True, indeed, the statement of bust
ness genius that our next great for
tunes will be taken from the junk
heap!"
With crude rubber at 81 a pound
now and all the warning nations COB
bling every ounce they can beg or
seize or buy, no wonder there is a
steady demand for old garden hose,
rubhers, tires, arctics, tubes, auto peel
lngs, wringers, car springs, horse
shoe pads, mating and packing, air
brake hose, fire hose and tubes. Prices
in these discards of life f1uctuate daily,
just as stocks and bonds do. All 20
to the melting pot at from cent to 10
cents a pound and come back brand
newt
You haven't pound of old anthony
lying around the shop, perhaps? The
foxy Chinese have cornered it because
of it's great demand for munitions of
war-to say nothing of type. Once it
was worth 1925 ton; now you pay
5000 gold a ton for the same. Why?
Because 1t is mixed with steel for
shells, making it more brittle. Thus
it breaks into smaller pieces when it
explodes. Nice thought for the men
in the trenches; what?
So they are working over old, worn.
out type, here and abroad, and explod-
ed shell fragments, to get back this
near-precious metal.
Tungsten is used in making tool
steel, for which there is an enormous
demand. Before the war it brought
60 cents a pound. Today it is S. a
pound, and ton of ore brings $4,000.
So precious is this metal that even the
assay offices are being secured for spe-
cimens, and every ounce of it is being
reclaimed that can be found. Brokers
do not sheer at a trade in one-pound
lots, and to quote the Waste Trade
Journal, the purchasing agent of the
Crucible Steel company is very CRATE
full if somebody can give him one hun.
dred pounds"
And, says the editor, there's an
overnight fortune for the man who can
reclaim it from old tools and such" A
lot of clever men are trying, but moth
ing doing yet.
Rags are the Bethlehem Steel of the
Junkman's trade. Two million dollars
worth have just gone to England to
make shoddy. Rags that brought four
cents pound now bring IA; tailors'
clippings, once quoted at cents. are
now q cents. Black worsteds, aristo-
Gratis Of the species, fetch 80 cents a
pound England alone can use up 21O,-
100000 pounds of rags a year! This
country imports s2.000,O00 worth of
waste rags every year just to make
writing paper
About 100000 tons of fax straw
have been burned or allowed to 90 to
waste in this country every year. Not
for much longer! Specialists in the
employ of the department of agricul-
ture have shown that it can be used
for making paper and fiber board. Al
ready demand for s1,6OO.OOo worth of
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1916-05-19

max straw has sprung up. Once 1t was
clear waste. Now it is-gold!
Time was when yellow brass turn
ings were entirely unstable. Now
they average IL cents a pound Old
tinfoil brings 80 cents and siphon tops
are worth a quarter a pound. When
Tony gets through with his shoe rags
he can sell them for cents a pound
and you may see them next n some
fine bond" writing paper. Bones
fetch $25 a ton after everybody's
picked EN-.
Now hear Arthur d. Little of the
United States Chamber of Commerce:
We waste 100000 tons of wood
year. 1.O0O,OOO,0O0 feet of natural gas
a day; 100000 tons of flax straw a
year. Our coke ovens fame for miles
in Pennsylvania, wasting precious am
monia and exciting no comment, while
the burning of $1,000 house would
draw a mob"
Some experts have got the waste
down finer than even Mr.. Little. We
waste 100000 feet of lumber every
year in old lead pencils by throwing
away the stubs. Two girls earn for
the government 100 times their sal
aries just by going through the waste
paper baskets in the treasury depart
ment at Washington. Their prize find
was $4,000 United States gold bond.
Old corn cobs are now made into
fuel briquettes and railway ties. Pot
ash, mighty useful for war. is made
from the moldering heaps of seaweeds
tossed upon our Pacific coast. OIL Is
now pressed from used cotton waste,
renovated and used over again.
1t has been figured out by junkman
expert that this country loses $50 ,O0O,-
600 year in cotton wastage alone,
after the last shred of the fiber has
been saved that can be. And this is
how:
Wrapped in jute bagging and strapped
with hoop iron. last years bales aver
aged 500 pounds apiece. Just 5,649 900
of these bales went to American mills.
Actually there was spun into cloth and
yarn the equivalent of 1901 $50 bales.
because of 10 per cent loss. This is di-
yided into two classes, raw material
waste and manufacturing waste. The
first counts the bagging and iron
straps, included in the weight, the
shrinkage and three pounds torn off
in transit for samples. The second in.
cludes flying cotton lint, cotton dam
aged in processing and the quantity
that remains that is not spinnable.
The latter is one Of the new savings
now Suppose a two-inch length is
required; some is not that long. This
goes for a coarser yarn to another
mill, and the residue there goes to
still another for even coarser products,
and in the step-down from mill to mill
the final residuum lands in a factory
making wicking, mop yarns, etc
Actually, though there is a Is per
cent Theoretical waste in bale of cot
ton, the total loss is reduced to a mini |
mum and only per cent goes to the |
junk dealer to sort out and sell. In all |
the processes through which a bale |
goes but 2 per cent is irrecoverab)y |
lost in flying lint Added to the PEI |
cent which is the junkman's share
there is per cent lost in manufactur
ing and 10 per cent in raw material
In other words, the manufacturer loses
just 1916 to the bale.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1916-05-19
WORTH KNOWING

There are 1000 islands in the ter
ritories comprised by the empire OF
Japan.
An inventor has patented guard
to be fastened to the back of mans
head to enable him to shave his neck
accurately and safely.
In a Paris aerodynamic laboratory
for testing model aeroplanes wind
speeds up to seventy-one miles an hour
Aze produced by ingenious machinery.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1916-05-19

In an Illinois inventors double-act-
ing churn turning the handle reyolves
the paddles in one direction and the
barrel in the other.
by new French process aluminium
can be so substantially nickelplated
that the metal can be hammered and
bent without cracking.
Production OF copper in the United
States is more than Is times what it
was in 1880.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1916-05-19
Miuht Save His Chin.

Once Gladstone was cutting a tree
on his estate. Two yokels each took
up a chip to treasure. when / die
lads" said Sandy. this chipll go in
my coffin!"
Sandy" said an old wife standing
near, IF thou'd worship thy God as
thou worship Gladstone, thou'd stand
a better chance of going where the
chip wouldna burnt"
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1916-05-19
HEAL SKIN TROUBLES
That Itch, Burn and Dlshgure by
Using cutlcura. Trial Free.

The Soap to cleanse and purify, the
Ointment to soothe and heal. Rashes,
eczemas, pimples. dandruff and sore
hands yield to treatment with Cuticura
Soap and Ointment. Relief is immedi-
ate and healment. in most cases, com
plete, speedy and permanent.
Free sample each by mail with Book.
Address postcard, Cuticura, Dept. L.
Boston. Sold eVerywhere.-Adv.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1916-05-19
Center of Area.

The center of area of the United
States, including Alaska, Hawaii and
other accessions. is in northern Kan
sas, ten miles north of a place called
Smith Center in Smith county. in lati.
tude 1886 and longitude $3.50. The
center of population is 657 miles east
Of the center of area--that is to say,
around Bloomington, Ind.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1916-05-19
Important to Mothers
plenty.

FICTILys
never saw such lot of old shoes
as they threw after the bridal car
rage when Miss Ann Teek got mar
ried."
Wen you know, Ann was the only
girl In the family, and they've been
saving up shoes for long, long time"
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1916-05-19

There was a time when thlmbles
were an important part OF woman's
jewelry.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1916-05-19

DIR. Pierce's Pellets are best for liver.
bowels and stomach. One little Pellet for
laxative-three for cathartic.-Adv.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1916-05-19
The Facts In the Case.

Surgeon-I found the ball In the
patients shoulder was encysted.
Patient-Of course you did. Twas
me that insisted it,
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1916-05-19

Instead of speaking his own mind
many a man echoes his wifes.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1916-05-19

When two men are talking, each
tries to work in his hobby first, so as
to head the other off.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1916-05-19

Pride often gives truth a sewers
jolt
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1916-05-19

FITS, EPILEPSY, FALLING STCKNrss
stopped Quickly. Fifty years Of uninterrupted
success OF Dr. klne's Epilepsy Medicine iDstIres
.asting results. LARGE TRIAL BoTTIE FREE ID n
AL1NE COMPANY, Red Bank, II. J-Adv
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1916-05-19
Rut Sc pldnlt knom h

She-Before we were married you
told me you were well off.
lt-Well, / was.-Judge.
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1916-03-31
vAELES MINES

Mrs. w. H. Bunt visited Mrs. Geo
Turlay Friday.
Mr.. Otto Heaton visited his uncle
w. Z. Heaton, Wednesday.
Mr.. S. A. Sykes and son Arthur
were Bonnie Terre visitors Wednesday
Mr.. and Mrs. John Thurman of St
Louis visited his parents Saturday and
Sunday.
Misses Ethelyn and Lizzie Watt
visited Misses Myrtle and Anna Hea-
ton Saturday and Sunday.
League was well attended here Sun
day night. Clara Meyers was leader.
Miss Mary Stephens, Messrs. Geo.
and Will Whitezel, RUDE Cole, Bryan
Thurman and Lon Moore visited at the
home of Mr.. and Mrs. w. E. Heaton
Sunday.
Miss Sally Semar visited her aunt
at Frankclay Saturday and Sunday.
The Ladies' Aid Society is going
to give box supper and ice cream
social April 9Th.
A party was given at the home of
w. E. Heaton Saturday night. Those
present were, Misses Helen and Liz
zie Rowe, Lizzie and Ethelyn Watt,
Edna and Alice Armbruster, Cora
Busher, Bertha Wills, Pearl and Rosa
Whitezel, Dora and Hettie Nussbau-
mer, Blanche Sykes, Mary Stephens,
Mr.. and Mrs. John Burns, Messrs.
Riley and John Saffel, Bill Doe, Walter
and Clifton AuBuchon, Geo. Barber
of Hazel Run, Tom Metcalf of Desc
to, RUDE and Sterling Cole, Andy
Stated, Geo and Lon Moore, Arthur,
Clarence and Earl Sykes, Lee Doug
las, Henry Nichols, Bud and Albert
Riddle, Geo. and Press Burns, Oscar
and Geo. Frazier, Alfred and Felix
Nussbaumer, Tom Horne, Willie Bell
vile Geo. and Will Whitezel, Ed Hen
roid, Shelf Richardson, Charley and
Tom Turley, Henry Harmon, Charley
Busher, Charley and Jake Rowe.
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1916-03-31
PRIMROSE

Miss Beulah Moon was a guest Of
Miss Eta Lawson one night last week
Dan Pettis made trip to Bonnie
Terre Saturday.
Rev. r. G. Ramsey of Flat River
filled his appointment here Sunday
morning.
Charley Lawson spent Saturday
and Sunday in Bonnie Terre.
Miss Nellie Moon of Bonnie Terrc
spent Saturday and Sunday with her
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. VIM. A. Moon.
Miss Ethel Douglas and Burl Will
burn of Bonnie Terre attended church
here Sunday morning.
Lass Cash was Bonnie Terre Wis
itor Saturday evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. Thos. Douglas of Des-
loge were guests at the home of ia
cob Matthey of near Melzo Sunday.
They attended services at the T. M.
B. Church Sunday morning.
Those from Prospect who attended
the T. M. B. Church here Sunday were
Mrs. Neal Cole and daughter, Miss
Myrtle, and son, Raymond, and Err
vim Whaley.
Uncle Archie Stephens of Bonnie
Terre spent Saturday and Sunday
here with friends and relatives.
Those who were entertained at the
home of VIM. A. Moon Sunday ev-
ening were, Mrs. Ida Jones and little
daughters, Messrs, VIM. Snyder, Lass
Cash and King.
Mr.. and Mrs. Jake Pettes of Bonnie
Terre were guests here Sunday.
Will Goldman and wife were in
Bonnie Terre Friday,
VIM. Snyder was in Bonnie Terre
Friday.
Mr.. and Mrs, Jacob Mattkey Of
near Melzo were guests at the home
of Willis Moon Saturday evening.
Jake Murphy of near Big River
attended B. Y. P. U. here Sunday
night.
Willis Moon transacted business in
Bonnie Terre one day last week.
John and Albert Forshee of near
Coonville attended church at the 7.
M. B. Church here Sunday morning
Ernest Meyer of Bonnie Terre was
visitor here Sunday.
Miss Annie Moon was a guest of
Mrs. Rose Baker of Bonnie Terre Fri
day.
Bryan Jones of Melzo was in Bonnie
Terre Friday on business.
Mrs. Meyer of Bonnie Terre was
the guest of her mother here one day
last week.
Rev. James Applebe1y of near
Wales Mines attended church here
Sunday morning.
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1916-03-31
ELVINS

John Criteser sold his residence on
Second street, south of Main street,
and purchased the w. j. Smith res
idence of Mrs. VIM. Webb.
The new Federal mill, No. 4, east
Of Elvins, is being rapidly constructed.
1t is reported they are working three
shifts.
1t is rumored on the streets of our
city that Frank Heaton of Jonesboro,
Ark, has notified has notified Isbell
Store Co. to move at once as he wants
to put a store in his building himself.
Jack London commenced the cree
tion of two new residences in Maurer
this week.
Geo. Clemens purchased the resi-
dence of Chas. Richardson on Third
street, north of Main.
Grace Sebastian of Charlottesville
arrived here Sunday for an extended
visit with friends and relatives.
Tom Williams of Joplin spent Sat
urday' here with friends.
Mrs. Lizzie Auerswald of Desloge
visited friends here Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Fritz Kleppsattle of
Desloge visited Mrs. Kleppsattle's
brother, John Madrer.
Theo. Shannon spent Saturday and
Sunday in Desloge the guest of his
uncle, Mr.. Masterson.
Mrs. Dr.. Hull of Marquand is the
guest of her daughter, Mrs. |. L.
Gray, this week.
Louis Maurer of Flat River spent
Sunday here with friends.
Mrs. Estes of Flat River spent
Thursday here with friends.
James Layne, Gilbert Polite, Jas.
Polite spent Sunday in Doe Run with
friends.
DERRICK Langdon and wife of Bonnie
Terre spent Sunday here with rela-
tives.
Mrs. E. Panel Of near DeLassus
spent the first of the week here with
her daughter, Mrs. John Alexander.
Martin Latimer spent Monday in
Bonnie Terre with friends.
Gene Brannon of Bollinger county
is visiting friends here this week.
Miss Cecil Wolfe spent the past
week with her sister, Mrs. J. L,
Scowden, of Cornwall.
Frank Hale has sold his household
goods and will depart for Joplin soon,
where he has employment.
Rev. H. P. Grove of Pennington
preached at the M. E. Church Sunday
night, the pastor, ]. L. Gray, being
unable.
Cecil Maurer has accepted posi-
ton with G. L. Rogers Grocery. He
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1916-03-31
MISSOURI CONVICT
CAUGHT AFTER 10 YEARS

jefferson City, Mo-, March a.
Warden D. c. McClung of the Missou-
ri Penitentiary announced tonight the
capture today at Minot, N d., Of John
Franklin, an escaped convict, whom
the prison authorities have been try
ing to apprehend. for 10 years.
Edward Hardin, an officer of the
prison, was sent to Minot some days
ago, as was W.. A. Curtis, the factory
foreman under whom Franklin work.
ed They are positive in their identi-
fication Of Franklin, who will be extra
dited.
Franklin and Teddy DAILY escaped
from Deputy Sheriff of Jasper coun-
ty at the door of the Jail in Carthage,
January 16, 1906
They had been taken to Joplin from
the Penitentiary to testify against
Estile P. foot and a Half) Butler.
AS they were being returned to the
Jail in Carthage preparatory to being
brought back to Jefferson City they
escaped.
Daily and Franklin were each serv-
ing 50-year sentences for killing Po-
lice Officer Calvin Brice in Joplin,
December 81, 1904. DAILY was cap
tured and has since died.
It appears that Franklin has been
at Minot several years, has married
and has family.
"Foot nd Half" Butler, who was
convicted on the testimony of Frank
lin and DAILY, for participating in the
murder of Officer Brice, is now serv-
ing a 55-year sentence.
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1916-03-31
OAK GROVE

Mrs. James Womack is on the sick
list at present.
Summer is coming and everybody is
preparing for a good crop year.
Oak Grove has five more weeks Of
school. Miss Thompson, the teacher
is getting along nicely with the
school.
Mr.. John Simpson of Libertyville
IS teaching a very successful term
If vocal school at the Pleasant Hill
church in this community.
Burle Gordon, who has been work
ing in the Lead Belt, is spending a
few weeks at home.
On the 10th inst, box supper was
given at Oak Grove school. The pro-
gram was very good and the school
house was crowded with people from
al directions. The amount taken in
was s22.S5, which will be used as
school money. Miss Elvie Wampler
received the box of candy which was
sold for the most popular lady in the
house. And John Wampler received
the pipe, which was sold for the ug-
liest man-and think he deserved it.
Miss Thompson was pleased with the
good behavior and attention.
Miss Viola and Burle Harter, who
are going to school in Pennington,
spent Saturday and Sunday with their
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Harter,
and family.
Isaac Donoho OF Illinois spent a
week recently with his sick daughter,
Mrs. w. B. Bowling.
Born, to Mr.. and Mrs. Harrison
Bowling, the oath inst, girl.
Mertie h-uze Of this community is
working in Flat River.
A box supper and entertainment was
given at Chestnut Ridge church of this
community on last Saturday night,
the 25th inst. The church house was
crowded from one end to the other.
People came from all directions, being
here from Flat River, Pennington,
Weingarten, Salem, Sprott, Coffman,
Avon and many other places. Not all
of them could get in the house. The
program was excellent and everyone
seemed to enjoy it and the boxes sold
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1916-03-31
NOTICE OF TRUSTEES SALE

Whereas, Isaac r. Graham and En-
lily M. Graham, his wife, of the Coun-
ty Of st. Francois, State of Missouri,
by their certain deed of trust, dated
August "a, 1910, and recorded in the
Office of the Recorder of Deeds for
the County of st. Francois, Missouri,
in Book 80 for recording Trust Deeds,
at page 1853, conveyed to Edward
Darcy of the City of st. Louis as
trustee, the following described real
estate situated in said County of St.
Francois, State of Missouri, to-wit:
The surface of lot Of ground in the
Third Addition to the town of Can't
well and designated as Lots Nos. Six
(6), Seven (7), Eight (8), Nine (9)
and Ten (10) of Block No. Thirty
eight 1881 on a plat of said addition
on record in the Office of the Recorder
of Deeds for said county, having a
front of 375 feet on the West line of
Washington Avenue, by a depth of
140 feet to an alley 20 feet wide and
being bounded north by south line of
Walnut Street and south by north
line of High street. Which said con-
veyance was made in trust to secure
the payment of certain note and in
terest in said deed specified; and,
whereas, said note is now past due
and remains unpaid; and, whereas,
said Edward Darcy, the trustee nam
ed in said deed of trust, has refused
to act Hereunder or to foreclosc said
deed of trust; now, therefore, at the
request Of the legal holder of said
note, and in pursuance Of the terms
of said deed of trust, the undersigned
Sheriff of said county will sell the
property above described at public
vendue to the highest bidder for cash
at the South front door of the Court
House in the City of Pennington, st.
Francois County, Missouri, on
Saturday, the LIST Day of April, 1916,
between the hours of o'clock a. m.
and o'clock p. m. for the purpose of
satisfying the said Indebtedness and
the cost of executing this trust.
J. G. WILLIAMS, Sheriff
of st. Francois County, Mo-, Trustee.
Pennington, Mo-, March 9th, 1916.
(1st publication, March 10th.)
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1916-03-31

takes the place Of Leo Smith.
Miss Edna Chamberlain spent Sun.
day at the home Of Mrs. |. M. Blacl,
Of Flat River
L. A. Kenner's store building is
nearing completion in the west part
of town.
The accomplished young daughter
of Mr.. and Mrs. John Maurer>o of this
city was united in marriage, on the
18th, in st. Louis, to Mr.. Harry Web
ster of Columbia, Ohio. The happy
young couple will make their home in
st. Louis. We wish them happy voy-
age through life.
Mrs. Hanson of Flat River spent
Monday here with friends.
Mrs. Ira Black of Flat River spent
Friday and Saturday here with her
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. VIM. Smith.
Della Blake of Esther was the guest
of relatives here the latter part Of
last week.
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1916-03-31
ANNUAL SCHOOL ELECTION

Notice is hereby given to the voters
of School District of Pennington.
also known as District No. "a, Town
ship 35 and SO, Ranges 5 and 6, of the
County of st. Francois, State of
Missouri, who are taxpayers of such
school district, that the annual school
election of said district will be on
TUESDAY, APRIL 4, 1916,
at the following polling places in the
City of Pennington, Mo-, to-wit:
First Ward-City Hall, East side of
Public Square.
Second Ward--Police Judges Of
flee, West side of Public Square.
Third Ward Waters Press Print
ing Office, in Farmers Bank building.
Fourth Ward Henry Manley's Shoe
Shop, on Henry street, one-half block
South of Columbia street.
The polls viii be open for such cleo
ton at 7 O'Clock a. M, and closed at
6 o'clock p. m. Of that day.
Two directors to be elected for d
term of three years. Also there will
be submitted for the purpose of vot-
ing thereon, proposition proposed
by the Board of Directors Of said
District, to-wit: To authorize the
Board of Directors to levy tax rate
of 100 cents on the One Hundred Dol
lars assessed valuation for school
purposes.
By order Of Board Of Directors of
"School District of Pennington"
FRED. M. KARSCH, Pres.
j. p. CAYCE, Secretary.
March II, 1916. 81
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1916-03-31
!" COUNTY CORRESPONDENCE \

well. They sold from $1.5O to $3.50
and the number of boxes was 40
The money that was taken in amount
ed to $4S.S0. Miss Virginia Silvey
received a box of candy for the most
popular lady, at fancy price. VIII
liam Porter received the pipe, which
was for the ugliest man in the house.
We all know Mr.. Porter deserved it.
While the young folks were eating
their supper, Mr.. Chandler gave them
talk on cigarettes. E. S. Womack,
teacher Of Chestnut Ridge school, did
real well, and Mr.. Womack was pleas
ed with the nice large crowd. We all
wish Mr.. Womack many more success
full box suppers and tasks as this
through life.