The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1916-09-07

the inner city vi LSIlDSlB
w were dismantled In 1871 and
the space which they Occu-
pied was converted into prOmenades
for the prosperous citizens of this
modern GaIician capital of 100000 in
habitants, it was doubtless assumed
by many that, having suffered "the
sling and arrows of outrageous for
tune" for the five centuries of its
municipal existence, fate would allot
it a surcease from siege and capture,
says the bulletin of the National Geo
graphic society.
Lying so miles almost due east of
Przemysl, and more than 45O miles
northeast of Vienna, Lemberg Is sit
uated on the banks of the Peltew river,
an afFluent of the Bug. 1t nestles in a
small valley which opens to the north,
and is surrounded by hills, the
most picturesque being the Wildwood
ed Franz-JOsef Berg to the northeast.
To the east, distance of Z miles, Is
TarnOpol, near the Russian border,
one of the first points of attack when
the Muscovites pushed beyond the
Galician frontier.
A description Of the modern city of
Lemberg as 1t existed in August, 1914,
requires many notifications today, for
the scars of war are to be found in its
many handsome homes; its broad, we'll
paved streets; it's Roman Catholic
cathedral, a handsome gothic structure
completed in 1880; it's Greek cathedral,
completed in 1919; its Armenian
cathedral in the Byzantine style, dat
ing back to 1437, and it's magnificent
monuments to such Polish patriots as
King John III Sobiesh who, after
having saved Lemberg from the Turks
a few years previously, In 1888 saved
all Europe from Mohammedan inva-
sion by routing an army of 100000
Turks encamped about Vienna, his,own
force numbering only 10000.
Nearly 700 Years Old.
Called Lwow in the Polish tongue
and Leopolis in Latin, Lemberg was
founded by Ruthenian prince in 1859
Nearly a hundred years later it was
added to the domain of Casimir the
Great, who bestowed upon the city
the charter and privileges widely
known during the middle ages as the
Magdeburg Right.
Following the fall of Constantinople
Lemberg enjoyed a revival of trade
with the East. but it was caught in thu
maelstrom of rebellion and pillagt
which swept over the Ukraine and )
part of Poland during the last half 9
the seventeenth century, when the Cos
sack hetman, Chmielnicka, was direct
ing the infamies of the "serfs fury"
Lemberg was one of the Polish cite
to fall before the arms of Charles XI
of Sweden when the ill-advised Au
gustus II was drawn into the Grea
Northern war, which devastated cen
tral Europe for the first 20 years Of tn
eighteenth century. In 1772, upon tn
first partition of Poland, Lemberg be
came an Austrian possession, and L
years after this event Joseph II es
tablished the University Of Lember
which, at the time of the outbreak o
the present war, had more than 200
students.
One of the most attractive parks @
Lemberg, and a favorite promenade
bears the name of the Polish patrio
Jan Kilinski, a humble little shoe
maker, who fought bravely in 179t
was captured and taken to st. Peters
burg. After his release he returne
to his shoemaker's bench and In hi
leisure hours wrote his recollectiOns,
valuable record of this period of hi
country's history.
Since the establishment Of the G'
lician diet in 1851 Lemberg has Ell
joyed increasing prosperity. Its mani
features include machinery and iroI
ware, matches, candles, liqueur
chocolate, leather, bricks and tile
while it's commerce is largely in Iinel
fax, hemp, wool and oil.
In 1907 two interesting finds wei
made in the vicinity Of this city b