davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1916-02-03
NAMES LIVE IN HISTORY
Brilliant Array of Fearless Seafaring
Adventures Belonging to
Norway.

sThe ice party this year consisted OF
Storkensen, Andreasen and Thomson
all Norwegians except myself" wrote
Vilhialmur Stefansson in the opening
sentence Of the account of his polar
expedition. Apparently he classes him
self as American or Canadian, as he
is, and gives no credit to Scandinavia
for the part he played in the narrative
of what happened. It was more than
coincidence that his companions were
"all Norwegians" The annals OF arc
tic and antarctic exploration are filled
with the exploits of Norwegians and
few explorers have been more modest
than they regarding their achieve
ments.
The Norsemen have been fearless
seafaring adventurers since the days
when the vikings, in their little ships,
overran the west coast of Europe and
time after time raided the British
Isles. They reached out into the I'M
known north seas to Iceland, then to
Greenland, and nearly a thousand
years ago. Lief Ericsson and his crew
visited the land they knew as Vinlane
and what we know as New England
The old tower at Newport is there as
evidence of their coming centuries be-
fore Columbus had sailed on his mem
orable voyage.
Within the memory Of all of us Capt
Fridtjof hansen brought new luster
RI Noruav's fame in eyn1OrafiOn VIII n
he navigated the northwest passage in
his ship Fran. Capt. Road Amundsen
brought back to civilization the FIRST
definite scientific data on the magnetic
pole, which he located in the far
North. A few years later he was first
to reach the south pole, having ar.
rived only few weeks in advance OF
the Inflated Scott expeditioz.-Indian.
apolis Star.
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1916-02-03

ing the steps in the ice through the
Trough. My fears were we'll founded.
More than half Of the steps were not
only filled but entirely covered and
obliterated, so that it was impossible
to locate them. There were several
places from fifty to a hundred feet
wide or more between the powders
along the side Of the Trough where
there was no sign of any footing, and
if one should start to slip it was hard
to see just where one might expect to
stop. The only certain place appeared
to be down near Glacier lake, some
1000 feet below.
I'm these places I made steps by re-
peated Kicks with my heel, at the
same time making hand holds higher
up with my hands in the crusty snow.
Fortunately, was able to find the
steps in that portion of the side of the
Trough that was covered with ice. In
one place attempted to go down over
bowlder by lowering myself feet
first, but after getting so far that l
swung freely below the chest I found
it impossible to find safe footing and
had to climb up again over the bowl
der. AS this bowlder was located in a
position with steep crusty snow
slope below it, the climbing up was at
tended with some danger, and espe-
cially so as the first part Of the climb
ing consisted of a series Of kicks and
wriggles in an attempt to lift my
clothing clear of the rough bowlder
and to move forward at the same time
until I could bring my foot or knee
into action.
"The trail was very dim after get.
ting out of the Trough. Several times
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1916-02-03
Isllar,d Of the
> (.JnC| lean

TT IS Philippine island, Culion-
with the accent on the on-and it
is the place of happiness for the
a unclean. or course in its great
work Of making happiness it has had
the cooperation of man-the American
man. While Americans have been find
ing and using much in the Philippines,
perhaps they have never levied upon
nature for finer service than that
at little Culion. The people whom it
makes happy are the lepers.
Making lepers happy-the phrase
seems anomalous, because we have
never thought of happiness in connec-
ton with lepers. We know that a
leper colony means isolation, one of
the grimmest things we can imagine,
and it never would occur to us that
isolation under those particular cir
cumstances could by any possibility
be other than terrible and dreadful.
When the Americans went into the
Philippines they discovered that the
Filipinos were not taking proper care
of their lepers, says writer in the
New York Evening Post. The bureau
Of health, under DR.. Victor G. Heiser,
set aside Culion, one of small group
Of southern islands about days sail
from Manila. It had three or four fish
ing villages on 1t, of which the largest
was Culion village. Its inhabitants
were transferred to nearby islands
and the site of the old town Of Culion
was taken for the new leper colony.
One Of the interisland boats of the
bureau of navigation, fitted out for this
particular work, collected the lepers
under the supervision of the director
of health. During the year several
trips are made about the islands. The
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1916-02-03
W. ROPER of Chicago recent

w. ROPER OF Chicago recent
ly made an unusually danger
GUS ascent Of Longs peak,
the giant of the new Rocky
Mountain national park, and has
given details of the exploit in a letter
to friend.
Longs peak, which is 1926 feet
high, was considered unclimbable for
many years. It's summit is reached by
passing from Boulder field, which lies
10000 feet up, through an, opening in
the rocky wall known as Keyhole out
upon the side of a sharp-angled slope
covered with perpetual ice and snow,
which slants from near the summit far
down the mountain side to end in
nearly precipitous drop of good deal
more than a thousand feet into Gla.
cier gorge.
This is called the Trough and it is
Rscended by steps cut in the ice and
snow, which are frequently obliterated
by fresh snowfalls and must be re-
newed continually. So far, none of
the hardy scalers of the summit,
which include, by the way, an in
creasing number of women, has lost
control on this dangerous slope,
though stories are whispered of occa.
sional slips caught just in time.
Mr.. Roper, while ascending the low
or levels, met four young men, two of
them with frozen feet, who had been
held overnight on the summit by
snow squall obliterating the steps too
late in the day to enable them to cut
new ones on their descent.
In the Face Of a Gale.
GAS there was heavy snow on the
summit of Longs peak the night after
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1916-02-03

sides Stunned by their 1ellowmen, but
they will be living with people.
Town a Scene Of Activity.
Yes, it is town that receives
them, a town with civic life, a social
life, amusements, and, above all, occu-
pations For, contrary to the general
idea, while at the present time there
are about 5000 lepers in Culion COM
paratively small number Of them are
kept in hospital at any one time-per-
haps about 400. OF these a number
are usually in for pneumonia, dysen-
terry, malarial fever and other Illnesses
to which leprosy does not immunize
victims.
It Is decided surprise TO find the
colony scene of such activity and
the effect is naturally Immediately
salutary for the incoming citizens. And
from the moment they leave the quar-
antine buildings their entire life as
sumes new aspect. For many and
many leper It is the very beginning
of life, even though 1t comes toward
the end. That is Culion colony.
The island is fifteen miles long and
nine or ten miles wide. Both the
island and the town are divided into
two unequal parts called the clean and
the unclean. The clean is merely the
portion reserved for the headquarters,
and for the workmen employed, of
whom there are about 200.
In the unclean district the lepers
are. But in the transition from the
clean to the unclean, one has no i'm
preston that there is CHASTITY con-
trast between the two districts. Con-
trary to the general notion that lep.
rosy is a disease whose symptoms are
the dropping off of fingers and toes
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1916-02-03
People to Wear
more White Clothes
By A. D. ANDERSON. Providence. r. l..

people white clothes The introduction cottop shoes
helped the problem Of the shoe and there
od clothes and
supply Of fast dyes almost reaching the vanishing
point because of the European and this has caused
makers study how bring about change the demand OF their
toner's
have trying produce substitutes for the
imported dyes while have discovered fast coors blues
blacks instance they have failed far to produce dyes OF all shades
their color the cheaper grades Of goods particularly
that the dyes have failed.
Some manufacturers refusing to make goods without the
dyes cutting their working hours keep their operatives
condition probably will the wearing greater
quantity white clothes If the isn't by next
spring be impossible to out much else than white goods and
we shall have to wear them whether like it
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1916-02-03

I arrived at the inn," writes Mr.. Roper,
81 was advised not to attempt the as
cent for several days on account OF
the danger. I therefore waited until
the fourth day after the snow. Start
ing about seven in the morning, rode
alone and without guide to Boulder
field, where the horse was left. had
some description of the appearance OF
the Keyhole, and it had been suggest
ed that perhaps would find difficulty
in getting by the snow in the Trough
and might do better to climb the bowl
ders along the side. The geological
survey map constituted the rest of my
information about the ascent.
''Walking across Boulder field was
somewhat sheltered from the wind,
which was blowing a gale from the
southwest. On reaching the Keyhole
I found the wind blowing against me
80 strong that could hardly stand.
therefore retraced a few steps, sat
down in the lee of projecting rock
and ate a portion of my lunch. 1t was
30 cold that there appeared to be no
prospect of rain at higher attitudes,
and I therefore left at this point my
knapsack, containing my raincoat, the
remainder of my lunch and few oth-
or incidentals.
Cutting Steps In the Ice.
"After leaving the Keyhole the gen.
eral direction Of the trail was lnol-
Gated by few cairns, but they were
very scarce. The footprints in the
snow of a party that had made the as
cent the previous day were OF consld-
cradle assistance and particularly so
in the Trough, where found their
steps cut in the ice and crusty snow.
I did not have to cut more than six or
eight steps, and as had nothing that
could be used for the purpose except
nv hunting knife this was very fortu-
nate.
.The ascent from the Keyhole to
the summit required an hour and tnlr-
ty minutes. In the Trough 1 was on
all fours about half the time and did
considerable climbing over ana
amongst the powders. would char
acterize the ascent as dangerous rath-
u.
of any consequence except in the
Trough, although the notes in the
register on the summit showed that
the party had found two inches on the
summit the previous day.
IT had taken opportunity to enjoy
the many. magnificent views on the
way up the peak, and it was fortunate
that did so, as I there found storm
gathering, the clouds being about on
the level with the summit Of the peak
ard snow starting to fall. l made a
slight tour of the summit and then
located and examined the register of
the Colorado Mountain club.
Fighting Snow Storm.
seThe snowfall rapidly increased, so
that in twenty minutes after reaching
the summit started the descent, as
feared difficulty due to the snow cover,
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1916-02-03
best Men of Country
| Are Married
By ]. P. DAVIS. Evanston, III.

of this country married. That has been the cas
from George Washington down to the present time.
who talks dparagng about his wife in her absence
worth the snap angels this EARTH and
faults, but be congenial If we want to-
All should take good Of their wives and babies
woman look to, not who burden
TO her. Children honor and not of whom they
ashamed
and big they possibly can Gnu
bring families not spend themselves Let us take
example noble character and not old scamp w
uover get7 through roaming.
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1916-02-03
Poor Cooking Leads
to Much Distress
By SAMUEL C. DIXON. Md. COMMISSIONS. Of
Health for Pennsylvania.

experimentation the acumuave knowledge has not
extensive
Every from early childhood to the grave
depends principally upon cooked food to maintain life
without that cookery called art There IS moth
ing build maintain good health than the proper
preparation food be considered the first essential 1t IS
monty mental task next motherhood is OF the
most important
Improperly quicker distress of body and mind
any Poverty unhappness and dissipation
in many instances be traced to poor cooking.
Among expensive foods find if we'll prepared those
which form noung tasteful diet With the necessity for
omy becoming pressing the population of the world increases
there better worthy of study and attention than
science of economical and wholesome cookery
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1916-02-03

lepers are brought down, as suspects,
from the island districts to the coast
towns, and there kept awaiting trans
portation to the colony Several ply
sicians are with the boat, and also a
bacteriologist from the Manila bureau
of science. Before the suspects can be
taken aboard he must be found to be
bacteriologically positive. When the
work was first undertaken the Ameri-
can doctors and their subordinates
were not overfamiliar with leprosy
except in it's advanced stages. At first
only the advanced cases were taken to
Culion, but as the colony has grown
and the confidence of the natives in
creased, it is now possible to collect
the incipient cases as we'll.
Culion a Coral Island.
The scene as one comes in toward
the island gives the impression Of Sc
renity. The bay is deep and amazingly
blue, and 1t swarms with varieties of
the most brilliant fish. Reaching out
from Culion, crescent wise, is a pc
culiar and fantastic coral formation
called the Coral islands, jagged ana
impossible; within them rises Culion
itself, billy and green and serenely
beautiful. Except in typhoon seasons
these waters are quiet, and as one
nears the ghore one has the sensation
of being awaited by some spirit or
friendliness and peace-an effect new
er lost upon the little throng of men
and wonderland often children-who
stand forward in the vessel looking
with wondering eyes upon this spot
where they are to spend the rest of
their lives. They have been expect
ing prison, and what they are behold
ing has the appearance Of home.
There is the colony. The little white
houses or shacks with their garden
yards cover the hillside, and the larger
buildings showing here and there, the
hospital, the quarantine buildings, the
theater, the church on the headland,
and other. But it is on the wharf that
the interest centers. There all the
able-bodied men Of the colony have
gathered-an eager throng. In the
very vanguard of them trim group Of
erect men in white uniforms, the Gu
lion leper band, already playing wei
coming strains which greet the new
coIners.
These two crowds gaze toward each
ether eagerly-the little crowd on the
boat, the big one on the landing-be-
cause in the colony all the tribes OF
the Philippine islands are represented,
and great is the excitement OF those
who espy members of their own tribe.
On the boat the entire attitude has
changed. The dependency which the
lepers have felt since they were first
taken aboard rapidly gives place to an
astonished and childlike delight. Not
only does the colony appear now to be
a home, but for many of the strangers
it is the first home they have ever
known. They begin to realize that here
they will not be outcasts, living in
avoided huts and amang rocks on bill
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1916-02-03

and other portionD of the body, or that
lepers are always unsightly from spots
and blotches, the fact is that this con.
dition prevails only in the advanced
stages, and in the beginning, especial
ly, the disease is marked by changes
so slight that only the expert can iden.
tify them. There Is no contrast, either,
in the general atmosphere Of the clean
and the unclean parts except perhaps
that the unclean is the buster and the
happier.
The colony is organized as town.
Besides the shacks, there are tenement
houses for about 1000 lepers. At one
time there was even a mayor, with his
officials, elected by the citizens from
among themselves, but this system was
not satisfactory, and now the physician
in charge Is the head of the colony. To
him the complaints are hroIght, and
he is virtually the mayor Of the town.
The lepers furnish their own police,
and their band, and they enact their
own plays in their own theater, where
they have, too, of course, motion pic
lures. A special form of money has
been put in circulation for the island,
and twenty centavos per week is al
lowed each leper as spending money.
which he uses for tobacco and candy
and fish, and other commodities.
There Arc Few Escapes.
There is one general store, with
branches In the two districts. The
one in the unclean part is managed
by Chinese leper. It is new build
ing, made Of concrete, and is one Of
the interesting sights of the colony.
Another center Of interest Is the big
kitchen, where the people can bring
their bread and other food to be
cooked in the big ovens, II they are
not well enough to cook in their own
ovens at their shacks. Once q fort
night supplies of rice and staples are
brought down IN a special boat, and
these supplies are distributed to the
lepers. Most Of the yards have flour.
fishing gardens, and the people raise
much Of their own fruit and vege.
tables. They also have the freedom OF
a certain part of the bay for fishing,
using RATS for the purpose.
Almost never do they attempt to es-
cape, and when this has happened, the
fugitives have usually asked to be sent
back to the colony.
Perhaps their favorite amusement
is baseball, with the exception, OF
couTse, of cockfghting. Scarce shack
in the unclean part is without it's
gamecock. This sport is 80 instructive
with the Filipino that II. has not been
forbidden the lepers, in whose favor
various laws have been little
stretched, as, for instance, the mar
rage law. Intern>Arriage is permitted,
on the basis tina. it gives moral tone
to the colony. Few children are born
of these marriages. Even if the chill
dren live otter birth, their lives ara
always tEief, and in ali the years in
which the colony has been operated,
very few of these children have lived
TO- see the zee Of tye years,
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1916-02-03

Just as the scarcity Of
leather compelled the shot
manufacturers to conserve
their supply by introducing
cloth tops, the rapidly de-
creasing supply Of dyet
probably will force oul
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1916-02-03

I found myself considerable distance
above the trail, and nearly descended
through the transom, if there is one,
instead of the Keyhole. The Difficult
ties in the Trough and in losing the
trail resulted in my making the de-
scent to the Keyhole in an hour and
thirty-6ve minutes, or five minutes
longer than the time required for the
ascent"
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1916-02-03
Always Wrong.

Manager-rm Disguised with the
mistakes that new man makes! He
gets everything balled up.
Assistant Manager-Oh, we'll, some
of the best ones are that way at the
beginning. He may bring home the
bacon yet.
Manager-He won't unless we send
him for ham.-JudSe.
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1916-02-03

In the business of bring
ing forclbly home to the
citizens Of the country the
advantages Of sanitation
and hygiene one Of the gov
ernment's few circulating
libraries of lantern slides,
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1916-02-03

A man who is selfish and
lives for nothing else but
his own interests deserves
to run around alone all his
life. This is a cold, bleak
world when one has no
home or loved ones to 90 to
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1916-02-03

Since Our primitive an
cestors squatted around the
cookery pots an inconceiv
able amount of effort has
been expended in the prac'
tice of the art Of preparing
food. Considering the en-
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1916-01-03

that the same Harrison B. Riley who
is head of Chicago Title & Trust Co.
is also chairman of the board of di-
doctors of the Chicago & City Con-
Meeting Railways. Also Harrison B.
Riley is a director Of the Calumet &
S. Chicago Ry. Co.
''The same traction official who is
in part personally responsible for
the failure of his company to build
the Hegewisch extension as promised
in the franchise" said Block, 'fs
president of the title company which
asserts the title of the right of way
is clouded. Let one hand wash the
other. That seems to be the motto
of some of our public utility corpora
ton officials"
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1916-01-03
SAYS OUR YOUNG GIRLS READ
TOO MUCH FILTH

Mrs. Suzanne Dean, millionaire
widow and author, says young girls
are reading too much filth. She adj
vocates, as a substitute for the
trashy noVelse now on the market,
George Elliott, Balzac, lola and De-
Maupassant. Prominent Chicago
ans take issue with Mrs. Dean. They
say Elliott is alright, but the others
are decidedly too French.
Mrs. Dean is writing a book of
stern realism for girls, the material
for which she collected on a recent
trip to the Orient.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1916-01-03

would probably go to Los Angeles to
live with his "only legal wife," Mrs.
Luz Villa.
Gen. Francisco Villa has only one
legal wife and l ana that wife," said
Mrs. Juanita Villa. 1.-The woman who
seeks passports across the United
States border at Ell Paso under the
guise of being the wife of my hus-
band is an impostor. She is assum-
ing that role as an expedient to aid
her in fleeing from Mexico"
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1916-01-03

NEWSIES' DANCE, A SUCCESS
The fourth annual dance and cab
aret of the Newsboys' union, held at
the West Chicago clubhouse New
Years day, was grand success.
$500 was collected for the death and
sick benefit fund. More than 1000
people chowded the hall
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1916-01-03
FLOOD DANGER PASSED

Cleveland, Jan. 3.-Possibility of
serious flood damage in Ohio passed
today when freezing weather set in
and rain stopped. Floods in North
ern Ohio due to melting SHOWS and
"a hours rain caused considerable
damage.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1916-01-03

BLOCK HANDS CITY LUNCHES
ON LAND DEALINGS
Close connections of Chicago Title
& Trust Co. with street car COM
panies were found by Aid. Eugene
Block. They supply argument for
Block that the city should take
these two lunches:
1. Always go to the county record
er's Office and get Torrens title
when you buy a piece of land.
2. Never take the word of the Chi
cago Title & Trust Co. when a public
utility corporation is concerned.
Block has resolution in city coun-
Gil to order the city, to use county
abstract plant and get Torrsns GER
tifcate when buying land. He got
started on this move when he tried to
force the Calumet & S. Chicago Ry.
Co. to keep its franchise pledge to
build an extension to Hegewisch.
Officials of that company said there
wasn't a clear title to streets through
which the extensions we're to run.
These traction officials were quoted
by Aid. Captain and Aid. Lippe, who
asked city council to not forfeit the
franchise.
Documents from the Chicago Title
& Trust Co. were brought in to back
up the claim that land title was cloud
ed. The main leg of all the argu-
ments was that it's not good and
safe public policy to order a street
railway extension built on land which
has its title questioned by the Chi
cago Title & Trust Co.
Aid. Block found that the president
of the big private title company is
Harrison B. Riley. He also found