Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1916-07-30

III tue HoTtn Dut 10 the south Genera
Brussiloff swept with irresistible fore,
through the Austrian defenscs. tear
ing a great gap about 100 miles in ex
tent Through this the Russians
poured, capturing Czernowitz. the cap.
ital of Bukowina and overrunning tn,
Crownlaud The Austrian losses are
declared TO have been enormous. 9
month after the offensive began In,
Russians making an official an.
nouncement that over 100000 prison.
ers has been taken and AT least an
equal number killed or wounded.
As the offensive developed the
| Russians won new successes further
north and at the close of the war ye
are engaged in a mighty struggle for
! Lemhere, the capital of Galicia. The
| nghtlng has also extended to the eN-
/ IRENE north, in the Riga Dvinsk re-
gion. but here the Germans have held
/ their own and no decisive result has
as Yet been gained by either side
Russian Successes.
In another theater of the war the
/ year was marked by other and inn
| portant Russian successes. Follow
/ ing the disasters on the eastern front
! in the closing months of 1915 the
/ Grand Duke Nicholas was removed
! AS COMMANDMENTS hief of the Russian
| armies and sent TO tae charge of the
! operations against the Turks in the
! Caucasus. After months of prepare
/ ton he began a great drive across Al
/ menia in January, 1916, which result
| ed in the capture of Erzerum and the
| port of Trebizond and expelled the
/ Turks from the greater part of Ar
menia. After a comparative huh of
some months the grand duke resum.
ed his advance simultaneous with a
serious uprising against the Turks 10y
the Arabs in Arabia. The Arabs too
the sacred city of Mecca, Jiddah and
Taft ana heseged Medina, the city
where Mohammed was buried and
one of the hottest spots of the Mo-
hammedan world. In the meantime
the Russians took Mamakhatun ana
Baiburt, but these operations have
not yet reached a definite conclusion.
! Reverse for Franco British.
In connection with the Turkish
campaign the year saw a serious re-
verse for the Framed British arms and
less important, but highly dramatic,
disaster for the British. The disas-
trous attempt of the French and
British to force the Dardanelles and
seize COnstantinople was definitely
abandoned in November, 1915, and the
allied troops withdrawn from the Cal
lipoli peninsula About 10000
troops had been used in this venture,
supported by a mighty fleet. SIX
hdttleships, five British ana one
French, We're sent to the bottom as
well as some minor craft and the cas-
ualties were unoffiCiallv reported to
be almost equal to the original num-
Der of the expeditionary force. This
was the result of six months of some
OF the most sanguinary fighting in
the war
The second disaster or the British
was the surrender of 10000 troops
under General Townshend to the
Turks at Kut- El-Amara on the Ii
gris. This expedition had made a
sensational dash more than 800 miles
Bagdad. 1t was within ten miles of
the city when it was deCisively defeat
ed by the Turks and forced to fall
back 100 miles. Here it was sur
rounded and forced to surrender af-
ter a relief force had made several
up the river in an attempt TO seize
vain efforts at rescue.
Two New Nations Enter.
Two new nations entered the ranks
Of the belligerents during the year.
on October 10, 1915, Bulgaria threw
in her lot with the central powers and
on March ., 1916, Germany declared
war on Portugal after the republicI
had seized all German ships informed
in her ports.
The entrance of Bulgaria into thcI
arena was signalized by a combined
assault on Serbia by Austria, Germany
and Bulgaria which resulted in the
complete overwhelming of the hope
lessly outnumbered Serhians and the
subiugation of their country. The
remnants of the Serbian army were
driven across the frontier into the will
derness of Albania whence they were
rescued by the British, French and
Italians. They We're shipped to Cor
fu where they were FeorganiZad and
re-equipped and later, to the ngmbcrl
of about 100000, Joined the Franco
British forces at SalonikL The sur
vivOrs of the Gallipoli campaign were
also gathered at the Greclan seaport
as well as a large British army from
Egypt. This combined force Is es- |
tmated at 100000 men and is pre-
being held for an attempt TO
wrest Serbia from the Bu'gauJns.
The principal success won by Aus |
TRAN arms during the year was a !
great offensive undertaken against
Italy in May. The Austrian forces |
swept the Italian invaders back overI
a wide stretch of country in thel
southern TyrOl recOnquered about go
square miles of Austrian territory and |
carried the battle into italy The |
Italians rallied, however. and ~ incl
close of the twelve months tad re-
gained a large portion of ground and !
were vigorously pressing . counter
offensive in accordance with the
plans of the entente for concerted ac-
ton.
Naval Battle Is Fought,
on the sea the year witnessed an
event of surprising interest the
German grand fleet, steImlng out
from its mine fields ana impreSnlhleI
harhors at Kiel and Wilhelmshaven,
engaged the British fleet in the nigh
;ls"; naval battle of history.
The battle was fought off the coast
of Jutland on May 81. It's results are
so Obscured by the conflicting claims
of the combatants that they will pro-
badly not be definitely known until
the war is over, if then. The Cert
mans assert that the British losses
were far heavier than theirs and ont
that ground claim the victory The
British, denying greater losses, point
to the fact that they stll control the
seas as the basis OF their right to
the title Of viCtors London also
claims that since the battle 200 Brit
ish ships, which had been tied up IL
Baltic ports since the beginning OF
the war. have been able to make their
way to English ports unmolested by
German warShips
Losses Are Disputed.
MI of thf.