The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1916-03-16


Ars the Only Means Of Trsnsperts.
ton Leading From Point Of Prodve.
ton to Point Of consvmptien-Pros.
rsss Of ststs Road Management.
Prepared by United States department. OF
Agricultural
The public roads throughout the
country, which constitute the primary
means Of transportation for all agricul-
tural products. for many millions Of
tons Of forest. mine and manufactured
products and which for large percent
age Of farmers are the only avenues of
transportation leading from the point
Of production TO the point Of consump-
tion or raii shipment, have been I'm
proved to only q slight extent BY rea-
sou Of this fact the prevailing cost Of
hauling over these roads 10 about 20
cents per ton mile.
More than 3J0OO0.OOO tons are haul
ed over our public roads each year. and
the average haul Is about eight miles,
from which II can readily be seen that
our annual bill for hauling Is nearly
$50 O00OOo. The cost per ton mile
for hauling GA hard surfaced roads
should not exceed - cents. II L. there
fore evident that II our roads were
adequately improved q large annual
saving In the cost Of hauling would
result. Railroad freight rates are about
N mills per ton mile.
Under the system Of local manage
ment which succeeded the toll systems
and the road building activities Of the
federal government tax burdens for
road purposes rested almost entirely
upon farm property. Since the cities
ties and burdens. this condition was
inequitable. produced inadequate reve-
nue. and resulted In a very widespread
stagnation In the building Of improved
roads. A further inequity resulted
from the fact that traffic In Its devel-
opment took no account OF county and
township boundaries. 50 that frequent
ly the traffic from one county destroy
ed the roads OF another county. which
In turn found itself unable to obtain
redress. Modern trafiic gave rise TO
| new and difficult problems Of construc.
ton. which the limited skill OF local
ofiicials was unable to solve. Road
taxes were, to a great extent, worked
out by unframed. undisciplined road
hands. Most OF the road work con-
sisted In patching from year TO year,
and little tangible progress could be
shown for the money and labor ex-
pended. These conditions rendered
state action ultimately imperative. and
New Jersey In 1891 was the first state
I To take definite action through legisla
tive enactment. Other states rapidly
followed the precedent set by New
Jersey. and this progress was greatly
accelerated by the advent of the auto
mobile.
OF the progress Of state road man
agement II may he said that forty -four
states have thus far tablished high
way departments for educational or I'D
have made actual appropriations In aid
OF road construction or maintenance.
In all sos. OO0.OOO had been approprf-
ated from state funds between 1891
and Jan. l. 1915, for construction.
maintenance. administration and edu-
cational road work. and a total of
about 81 200 miles OF improved roads
is the evidence TO show that this ex.
penditure was not In vain. These road,
were built for the most part as "A joint
state and local undertaking. so that a
large local outlay not included In the
state total was involved. At the pres
ent time only the states of Indiana,
Mississippi South Carolina and Texas
have no provision for any sort OF state
participation In road work.
Summarized briefly. the essentials
To successful state highway admins
tration. as demonstrated by the expert
ence OF the various state highway de
partments. are AS follows: (1 The
elimination OF politics as u factor In
state highway work; (b) the control by
the state highway department OF al
work ON which state funds are ex
pended; (el adequate appropriations fol
continuous maintenance OF highways
under efficient supervision from the
day the highways are completed; I'd
state supervision as 10 surveys, plans
and specifications OF roads and bridges
constructed under bond issues and su
pervision OF such other road and bridge
work as requires considerable cash
outlay and the exercise of engineering
skill and knowledge.