davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-23

bania and effect IA union with the Serb
ians and devote their chief military
effort to assisting the entente powers
in other parts of the Balkans rather
than remain at home and strive to
eject the common enemy.
:. =
of the present Balkan situation King
Constantine is
King Constantine hourly finding
Position Difficult. an. '1 ~ rstair
his position of neutrality, in fact. it is
rumored he is finding it difficult to so
steer his course that he will be en-
abied to keep his throne
The allied nations are reported to
have made a demand upon him during
the week-a demand savoring of an
ultimatum-that Greece expel all rep
resentatives of the Germanic ullies
from Greece. The allied blockade has
been frightened about the Hellenic
ration and allied forces occupy Lem
nos, -Imbros, Mytilene, Castelloriza.
Corfu. Saloniki, including the Chali-
cidiCe peninsula and n large part of
Macedonia. Neither France nor Britain
have hesitated about violating the neu-
trality of Greece. claiming that all ac
lions have been occasioned by military
necessity. King Constantine has APP
pealed to the American people as his
court of Judgment and protested bit
terly at the encroachments. He de-
clares that fully so per cent of the
Grecian people. who formerly would
have been glad to assist the allies, now
are their bitter enemies.
This statement however, does not
agree with the dispatches which 'have
come from points in Greece and Italy
during the past week. 1t is declared
that the followers of former Premier
NeniZelos. aided and abbetted by the
French and British, have inaugurated
strong movement for the overthrow
of the king and queen and the estab-
lishment of republic. 1t is declared
anti-dynastic uprisings have been fire.
quent. Even though King Constantine
would personally have liked to pro-
claim martial law. the already great
economic burdens of the people, which
would have been made heavier by such
action. have prevented this step. The
king is said to have increased his per-
sonaI guard, and seldom appears in
public.
The future action of the entente
powers toward Greece is shrouded in
darkness. Their purposes undoubtedly
will not be known for some time, but
from all actions it may readily be per-
ceived that the allies do not intend that
the Saloniki affair shall become
fiasco They are taking every step
and hedging themselves about with
every precaution that future intentions
may be realized.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-23

vances near Schlossberg and on the
middle Stripa.
Capture of section of Austrian posi-
ton near RarincZle is reported.
FRIDAY.
Russians capture German aero near
Nileika. Teuton balloon eXplodes near
Ia borash.
Enemy attempt to recapture hill Oc-
cupied by Russians near CZartorySk re-
ported repulsed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-23
Heads Naval Academy Band.

Special Dispatch TO The Star.
ANNAPOLIS, Nd, January 22.-Supt-
Eberle announced today the appoint
ment of Adolph Trovosky as leader Of
the Naval Academy Band to succeed
Fthe late Lieut.. Charles 4. Zimmerman.
who filled the position for twcnty-"i e.
years. Prof. Trovosky served as
sistant leader for a number of years.
There were more than "A dozen app
cants for the position
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-23
INFLUENCE OF SEA POWER ON PRESENT WAR, f.
USEFULNESS IN CONFLICTS OF PAST YEARS
AND IT'S PROBABLE VALUE IN THE FUTURE
Frank H. Smons Declares That in the Greatest Struggle
Recorded in History, the Navy Has Achieved All ;
. That Was Expected, and More.

By FRANK II. SIMONDS
Author of "The Great War"

before the pesen conflict % d mira OF SCI p IN
and
is t the fern
o war
n ADMIRAL Nlan
m "a great length and 0
los the end because the una lcto ca e
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-23
Old Napoleonic Problem.

This was the old Napoleonic problem.
but with difference. Napoleon was
able to get decision on land as abso-
lutte. at the moment as Britains on sea
Austerlitz answered Trafalgar and
Jena and Friedland completed the con-
quest of the continent. But Germany
has extracted no surrender from her
enemies Napoleon made Austria.
Prussia, Russia give over the war and
sue for peace. He made Austria sur
render "a second time at Wagram. He
even swept a British eXpeditionary
army out of Spain.
Beside the Napoleonic, success Ger
manys victories to the present moment
are all victories in territory. not in ma
tons. But when Napoleon had con
quered the continent there was left
Britain, safe behind her sea power and
stu BILE and willing to fight on. He
had gone. in7 his earlier days.>to Egypt
to strike at Britain. and failed. He
bad watched the British" coast from
Eoulogne. TO which the. kaiser has not
come -- se.-s- @4-.-.
s. But in his whole career he failed to
set foot on British soil or TO conquer a
British colony or province which would
so cripple Britain as to compel or per
Suade her to consider peace. So he was
forced to fight on. for British money
and British diplomacy raised new wars
in Spain, in Russia, in Austria, until at
last France was worn out, while Great
Britain. uninvaded, with the whole
carrying trade of the world in her
hands, remained .unwasted and uncrip-
pied.
Thus sea power wore out land power:
it made decisive victories on land of
but passing value. it raised new
armies. new Instructions. new wars,
and II was always immune itself from
injury. In the end it prevailed because
France could NOT forever fight the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-23
History Repeating Itself.

Now, no one can mistake the fact that
history is already repeating itself To-
day Germany cannot make peace can
not rest from her labors or harvest the
fruits of her Victories, because there is
no power in her hands to compel TO
persuade the British to make peace.
She has provinces of France. of Russia
these she might evacuate-she has
the resources to purchase peace from
her land foes, but what shall she offer
Britain?
Above all what shall she offer the
only nation which has actually gained
by the present war, for Britain has al
ready swept up German colonies and
abolished her only rival in the sea-
borne commerce Of the world. Some
day Germany must return to peace, but
she cannot return to normal life While
Hamburg and Bremen, are sealed up,
while the seas are closed to her for
that export and import trade by which,
as an industrial nation, she must live
The war has cost her seven casualties
to one British, and she has only a
slightly larger white population than
Britain and British colonies. In money
it is costing Germany and Great Britain
about dollar for dollar, but Germany
has no such accumulation of capital a
Britain. And some portion of British
trade and commerce is still going for
ward
A war of exhaustion is terribly ex-
pensive for Great Britain, but in men
Great Britain is now better off be-
cause of German losses: in money she
is even more advantageously placed.
She is living on her accumulated CAPT.
tal--her past: German is mortgaeing
her future. In human capital Ger
many's loss has already been stagger-
ing Britains relatively slight. and
then British capacity for recovery is
vastly greater than Germany's-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-23
Forces of Car and King
George Seek to Form Wall
Before GermaniC Allies.
WOULD CHECK SPREAD
OF ENEMY INFLUENCE
Teutonic Hatred of England Be-
lieved Chief Stimulus TO EX-
tensive Plans of Aggression.
BY OLIVER OWEN KUHN.

Reaching out like n mighty octopus.
the arms of the great German military
machine. powerful not alone by actual
deeds but influence as well, have gath
cred in great section of France, prac-
tical1y the whole of Belgium. vast
territory in Russia. the little mountain
Kingdoms of Serbia and Montenegro
and now one of them is reaching more
firmly than at any time since the war
started for the treasure houses of the
near east. that vast dominion lying
farther beyond Asiatic Turkey.
Future domination of this great
dominion. in which reside millions of
souls. is the stake inspiring the ire
mendous battles raging in Mesopotamia
and the Caucasus in recent days. the
very Intensity aud Significance of
which have attracted the attention of
the entire world.
Russians. under Grand Duke Nicholas
are, with tremendous might hurting
countless thousands of men at the Ger
manic allies-the Turks-in the eau
casus region. The battle line stretches
over a territory of 100 miles. British
forces are pushing north from the Gulf
of Persia to the rescue of 10000 Eng
lish troops. surrounded at kut-el-
Amara by the enemy. Their activities
may spread beyond successful fulfill
ment of this mission. A greater part
of the Indian troops removed from the
western front now are battling in these
regions under conditions to which they
are more accustomed.
1t would seem that the growing power
of the Turkish armies. largely COM
manded. ii is said. by German officers
caused the allied nations to agree
some concerted action, in order to draw
a military wall across Arabia and Per-
STA. that enemy influence should not
spread into Russian Asiatic territory
and into Britain'S beloved India, al
ready said to be showing signs of I'M
rest.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-23
Success of Russians
Would Quiet Regions.

cursions of the Germans and the Turks.
but at the same time have a wonderful
Quieting effect upon those regions
showing signs of rebelling against
Britain and lending their support to
enemy moves on Egypt and the Suez
canal
The Germans, through the Turks, are
said to have been endeavoring TO stir
up strictly holy war in the Moham-
medan regions of Asia. in order to
further their future ambitions and
strike at their most deadly foe, Great
Britain They would find their cha noes
of complete success practically elimi-
mated byrdecisive Russian and British
success in this region. BY effecting a
union, Russians and British would i'm
mediately be in position to dominate
Persia and the greater section of
Arabia. The moral effect of an allied
victoryTw would be boundless in its scope.
According TO latest advices the Rus
SLAMS. under Grand Duke Nicholas
who was removed from the eastern
front because of alleged military ineffi-
Cheney and who now is called upon to
help decide one of the most important
issues and problems arising from the
European confa gration-have put the
main Turkish army in the Causasus to
Hight. Tine defeat of the Moslems in
the Arasa and mid valleys is declared
TO be a rout. Even ConstantinopIe ad-
rits falling back over wide territory
russians say the enemy has fled in dis
q der over Il distance of sixty-six miles
; iouid the Russians continue their
g "nsfve at the present rate and suffer
{ as temporary reVerses they will
On be in position to absolutely con-
ol the near east. for they will mold
-" roadways 70 India and all those
-ctlons of their own realm in Asia
now menaced.
n Is declared In SONG nuarters To
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-23

In our own War of independence the
decisive victory of Yorktown came
when Britain had temporarily lost con=
troll of the water on American coasts
Yet in ISL all the French supremacy
at sea did not avail to save the French.
because the decision could be had on
land. and WAS had. In our own civil
war, on the other hand. the north used
the blockade to its uttermost, and the
possession OF sea power contributed
enormously to the destruction of the
south.
What SO far has been the new lesson
Of sea power in the greatest struggle
of history; how far has that policy
Which has been Known as Mahanism.
as nataiism. justified itself in conflict
with the rival doctrine of Moltkeism
or miIitariSmr
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-23
Of importance to Germany.

But the present problems are OF more
Importance TO Germany than any flu
ture contingency Were it not for the
British navy she could obtain salts
factory peace today. peace that
would assure her eastern frontier and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-23
Attempt to Cut Suez Canal.

AS last resort Germany has plan.
ned an attack upon Egypt, an attempt
to cut the Suez canal, interrupting
British connection with her greatest
colony and incidentally occupying one
OF the best of Britains native subject
states The Germans have convinced
themselves that once they possess
themselves of Egypt. with the Turks
assistance. Britain will be ready to
talk peace.
Thus the new Suez canal represents
the final bid for Germany for a victory
over British sea power. But there is "A
vast doubt in the minds of military eN-
perts the world over as to whether the
Conquest of Egypt would Actually
achieve the result the Germans expect
II would only lengthen the voyage to
India. since the Cape of Good Hope
route would remain. Britain conquer
ed India when she had only smiling
vessels and had to use the Cape OF
GOOD Hope route; she held it despite
Napoleons descent upon Egypt: She
draws neither men nor necessary pro-
visions from Egypt
In other words, there is "A very pan
eral belief. which | share. that the con-
quest of Egypt would prove merely a
success comparable to the British sue
cess in Southwest Africa, save that il
would be the conquest OF more val
liable colony and that it would not
have a greater effect upon the progress
of the war itself, which will be de-
cided IN Europe, not in Asia or Africa.
Even more interesting is the en-
phatic conviction of most observers
outsid.a of Germany that the inyasio.
of Eg!pt is impossible. The world has
seen thai tie Turks. with only 4 Few
weeks waning were able to ,ra' -
form Gallipplt Into fortress which Pc
sisted all ailiedrattacks. The TURKS
acked all adequate resources in a.u-
nitions and in artillery
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-23
Double Blow
Probable Purpose.

luediately begin campaign against
the SueZ canal. This, however, seems
Improbable. for the reason that a force
Of 100000 Turks has been assembled in
SYRIA for the drive against the famous
gateway TO the east. Djemal Pasha,
who commands the Turkish forces as
signed 10 the task of crossing treacher-
Gus deserts and completely mastering
the enemy in Egypt and along the
Suez, has left Constantinople TO again
declared ready in every respect to in
sugurate their march. one which has
often proved fatal to ambitious mill
tary commanders.
Careful analysis Of the situation
would lead to the conclusion that Ber-
lin has carefully planned double blow
~ her hated rival. England. with the
idea that Cimpa lgns against Asiatic
points and Egypt, both Waged at the
same time, would enhance German
chances of success by diverting atten-
tion ana the armies OF the enemy. Ger
man military commanders must have
figured that successful operations on
their part would infame natives in
both regions 70 the point of open re-
ish interests.
While IL cannot be said that operations
in either the near east or Egvpt VIII
decide the war which is gripping at f.u-
Wv W. neal L 10 matter " HIch side
- VICTOR, success undoubtedly would
have great effect on the morale Of troors
al The victor lu all arenas one military
writer Of world renown states Germany
IS so obsessed with the idea of striking
at Britain that she is ready to stake fu-
tdre military reputation on any effort
hich has the slightest chance of sue
"eedine and consequently has under
taken the AsiatiC and Suez campaigns
With the aid OF her ally Turkey. In a
hope OF striking England. and England
alone. something she cannot do by win
ming IN any other arena
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-23
Russ Offensive
of Great Importance.

by King Nicholas followers were strik-
ing events of the week-events which
brought gloom. the nsatisfaciion. ito the
allied capitais-the resumption Of the
Russian offensive in Bessarsbis and
Gaiicia is primarily the most important
recent military event. After 8 week $
luli following the great New Year battle
in which the Austrians say the Russians
lost more than 10000 men. the cars
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-23

the defeat was made in the United
States: at least the Germans already
attribute to American help the pro-
traction of the war. This is the con-
tribution of sea power.
Failure of the Submarine.
Against sea power Germany had de-
vised the submarine. or. rather she had
relied upon the submarine. In her
plans it played the part of the old pri-
vateer. it was commerce destroyer.
and what it undertook to do was to
prey upon commerce, upon the COM
merce on which depended the very life
of Great Britain. since without imports
she would starve to death.
Yet, despite all the sensational sue
cesses of the submarine. it has failed
in its purpose. 1t has not isolated
Britain, il has not produced starvation.
it has not even interrupted the flow Of
munitions or of supplies for the allied
armies. 1t has sunk few great and
famous ships. but in the aggregate II
has not cost the British merchant ma
rine the same loss, comparing the per-
centaGe. that WAS suffered in the Ma
poleonic wars s.'
And the submarine as a weapon in
the north. la the narrow seas surround
ing the British Isles. has been abol-
ished as the privateer never was 1t has
cea sed to be a factor in the north, and
the sporadic outburst in the Mediter-
ranean seems already to be on the
wane. In all British harbors ships
continue to come and to go. only the
fact that many ships have been taken
for war purposes restricts the COM
merce and carrying trade of Great Brit
ain, while Of German there is left moth
ing save the tiny fraction that. risking
submarine attacks, continues in the
Baltic. o. u...'- ,,,+-
AS to the war fleets. across the mar
row sea between the Firth of Forth
and the Kiel canal. the great battle
fleets watch each sother. but the Ger
man is too hopelessly outnumbered to
come out: it is at bay, besieged: it can
come out as could Cervera's fleet at
Santiago. but only to face the same
fate.
Never in the whole history of war
has there been more complete deci-
sion for superior naval power. Not
more complete, in fact. was the tri-
-untph of the north over the south.
which was not sea power. SO far as
il : now possible to see. there is no
> nee to challenge sea power on
- er; it can only be challenged upon
la nd-that is, only on land can Ger
my win, and there she must win such
success as will bring power to its
knees.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-23

armies once more are attacking the
enemy in great force. Their terrible as
saultS of late December are being re-
peated but with even greater intensity.
Vienna in reporting repulse of attacks
at various points generally concludes
with statements reading Eight hundred
men We're left before our trenches "A
thousand dead We're counted after the
enem assault We hold 800 prison
cr>. This, however is only a part of
the story.
The Germans, il is declared upon re-
liable authority, have come to the con-
Clusion that if the war is decided at all
not by enonomic and financial conditions
it must be decided on the eastern front
Consequently great reinforcernents are de-
clared to have been sent to this arena
during the lull following the New Year
battle.
The Russians face the greatest re-
siStancc in recent months. Germans
and Austrians are said to have counter
attacked the Russians time and time
again. This Invariably has meant much
ha nd hand fighting, and il is de-
clared that the Germans have suffered
immense losses in these close-range en-
gagements. The Russians now have a
wealth OF machine guns and small can
non, which they are using with deadly
effect. In fact. il is said. the Russian
equipment from the standpoint of arms
and munitions practically equals that
of the Teutonic allies on the eastern
line. An offensive by either side means
battle to the death. During the week
the Germanic allies have attempted Of
fensiv.as at Czartorysk and at Olyka.
Their ranks We're veritaby riddled by
Russian fire, dispatches state.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-23
Gear Has Joined
Troops at the Front.

summer and fall. The car has once
more joined his troops a the front It
is believed that it is the Russian plan
to show no signs of a let-up until severe
blow has been struck and that the
cent lull was largely due to the Slavs'
desire to prepare a line of Qualifications
on territory recently gained before
moving forward farther. Just what
will be the result of the present often
sive movements in Bukowrna and in
Bessarabia of course cannot be even
surmised at the present juncture. but
there is i feeling in London, Petro-
grad and Paris that they portend i'm
portant things from their standpoint
Oppressed she was from all sides,
her beloved Mount Lovcen in the hands
of i Iong-hated enemy and the capital
of the nation, CetlnJe, IN control or the
invader, her armies riddled. separa ted
and hungry, with only antagonistic AL
bania and the waters Of the Adrlatic
affording places of refuge. Montenegro,
through King Nicholas. inauguratcd a
movement looking toward a separate
peace with the AustrianS. The king
was accused of betrayng the cause of
the allies. and his own relatives were
said to have spurneh him for his ac-
ton: he is said to have secretly aided
the Austrians since last October. These
charges il is believed, have been laTG.--
ly influenced by the psychological eff
feet Of the news of Monteuegro's sur
render, such reports invariably coming
from allied capitals. However, hardly
had the cables brought news of the al
legged perfidy of the king and mis- dy-
nasty than other messages were re-
ceived that the peace regulations be-
tween Montenegro and Austria had
been broken off.
The fact that the Montenegrins them
selves have decided to continue their
war against Austria, which by necessi-
ty, owing to conditions. must be in the
form of guerrilla activities. will not
change the countrys desperate posi-
ton. probably not until the European
war has ended. S1ontenegro is over
run completely, and even though her
peoples. despite any action Of the king.
continue to wal= the terrific mountain
warfare for which they have been
famous from the earliest times, there is
little chance that this warfare Will
have one particle of weight in the gen
eral scheme of things. With the main
strategical points of the nation in their
hands. IL will not require d great Aus
trian army TO keep the present stricken
people in subsection. Even though
Montenegrins night on, Austrian infu-
ence will remain predominant.
Coming as they do from a stock Of
fob