davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-04
GERMANS ABANDON
EQUATORIAL COLONY
British Take Capital Of the
CamcrOOns. Ending Years
Severe Campaign.
STILL HOLD EAST AFRICA
Special Ca6ie Dsspafch to TnE Sus.

Special Ca5'e Despatch to The STU.
LoHpoN. Jan. "A statement issued
by the War Office tonight says
"On Saturday Col. Georges occupied
Jaunde Gin Kamerun). The enemy re-
treated south and southeastward and
We are in contact with the enemy's rear
guards. The German officials fed
: This announcement, indicates that the
Germans hav been defeated AZ their last
stand In the Csmeroons. German "qua-
torial Africa.
From the seacoast the British forces
have been lighting their way into the
Cameroons for more han a year and the
French have been advancing from the
east. from French Equatorial Africa.
on October Q the British took YUM
biagas after n thirty hour engagement.
on October 25 the French CAPTURED the
pos, OF send. OH tine Durda -jaunde rail-
road. and on October 80 they took t.seka.
The railroad which the Germans had al
most destroyed was repaired.
Since November 20, according 20 the
War ONCE in London. there has been
considerable fighting wes, OF Jaunde.
where the British e~xped''ionary
foI ces under Gen. pobell have been ad-
v%ancins along the road and roadway
from Edea. The British had then pene-
NA"A'' w ~
French had occupied Makondo In the
south. Thu German centre OF resistance
was Mt Jannde, where the Government
OF the colony VAS esta blished
Late In November a despatch from
Cape Town said that Gen. j. c. SHIFTS,
then commanding the expedition again I
German East Africa. had asked for more
recruits and had declared that It was
the duty OF the Union to drive the
German fag from South Africa"
on December II II was announced IN
the House of Commons that Gen. Sir
Horace smith, orrien had been ap
pointed commander In chief of the Brit
ish forces In East Africa, This ap
pointment was taken 10 mean that Gen
Smith Dorrien, because of his eNper'
enoe In African ara Asiatic campaigns
: was regarded az a valuable leader of
| the new campaign which was to he
! opened by the Union OF South Africa
against German East Africa.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-04
GER MANS ATTEMPT
CHAMPAGNE DRIVE
Make Attack on French Line
Near Tahure. but Are
Beaten Back.
BELGIAN FRONT ACTIVE

LONDON. Jan. 3.-The official com
issued by the French War o.
Ace o-nigh, shows tina the Germau,
renewed their offensive IN Cham
The communicate say the Te'-
tons launched n hand grenade attack
westward Of Tahure which. however,
failed.
The Frenoh night communicate fol.
lows:
In Belgium the Franco-British ar
,iilery effectively bombardsd an enem'
battery eastward Of 81. Georges. in
the direction oS Boesinghe. In tn
region OF Steenstraete We successfully
shelled the nnmy org anizations
Southwark OF the Sommc the Ger
man first lire trenches next t. Com
pierre were bou barded \ supply con.
voy IN the region of Nallu. southwark
OF Chaulnes. IA dispersed
In Champagne the enemy failed in
hand grenade attacks westward u
Tahure.
In the vosees there was intense ar
tlll-ry action ~ tn" Hirzsten sector.
The afternoon French communicate
In Champagne, near the road from
Tahure to Somme-Py, a German hand
grenade attack was repulsed.
In the Argonne, near lie -Four dc
Paris. our trench mor'ars launched
an effective Are against the enemy's
earthworks. The Germans fleeing
from their shelters were cut to pieces
by the sweeping fire Of our 10 MILL
meter guns.
The German War Office issued the fol
abatement tonight:
successful explosion north OF the
La Bassee- Rethune o blew up some
enemy trenches. The fleeing occupants
were caught by our infantry and ma
chine gun fire. We made "A surprise
attack on the adjoining trenches on a
wide front. The occupants sought
safety by flight.
ON the rest OF the front nothing i'm
portant occurred.
One girl was killed and n m
and three children were injured when
leaving church in 1.utterbach on Janu-
ary /, when the tow was shelled.
The British official statement ISSUED
tonight follows:
During the night we made a sue
cessful boinh attack on the southern
mart of our front. To-day our ar
til,ery effectively bombarded portions
of the enemy's line. The eneiny's ar
tillery has been active northeast OF
Loos and eastward OF Ypres.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-04
BLACKWELL'S DOCTORS WED
J. &. WilIiam ms and Miss Alice
Lewis Married In July.

/, became known Yesterday hat pr
Alice Baliridge Lewis, who was the f~sr
woman inferno at the Metropolitan Hos
pital on B.ackwell's Island. was married
more than five months ago To- Dr. John
&. Williams, also of the Rlackw wells
Island hospital. The fact was made
public through announcement cards sent
out 10y Mr.. and Mrs, Joseph Gordon
Lewis Of Campbell Hall. Orange county
the parents Of Mrs, Williams. The ce-e-
mony was performed on July - at tho
church OF -. Jean Btptiste, Lexington
avenue and SiNty-siXth street. by the
Rev. NJ. Galdet.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-04
FRANCE YIELDS TO PROTEST.
Releases Enemy subjects Taken
From American vessels.

WASHINGTON. lam. 3.--Respondihg to
the vigorous demand OF the United States
the French Government through Ainbas.
sador Jules Jusserand advised The State
to-day thar II had ordered
the Immediate release OF the German and
Austrian subjects recently removed from
American vessels on the high seas by the
French cruiser Descartes.
The men were taken from ..e steamers
Carolina, COamo and BorinQuen OF the
New York and Porto Rico I.!nc. Several
we're Austrian and German members of
the crews and two were cabin passen.
gers. The Descartes delivered them over
TO the French authorities at Fort France,
Martinique, They have now been turned
over TO the care Of the American Consul.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-04
ARRESTS CAUSE ANGER.
Bulgaria Takes Rcprisals In Com
sulRr IncideHt-POrtr 10 Vet.

LoNpoS. Jan. 3.-There IL n feeling II
deep resentment IN Greece and in the
Teuton capitals and Sofia. against the
arrest Of the German. Austrian, Bull
glrian u Turkish Consuls al Salonicl
10y Gen. Slrrail.
Reuters Athens correspondent tele-
graphs that the Norwegian Consul at
Salonica WAS arrested because of the
discovery at the Austrian and German
consulates Of papers duplicating him
In the Tcuton espionage system. The
Greek Government mas protested against
this arrest a. well as against the arrest
Of Greeks who were said to he impll-
Gated.
Athens Is anxious over the situation.
although II ~ expected that the incident
win he closed by the release of the con-
suls under safe conduct. AS well AS pro-
testing In the matter Of the Consuls.
Greece, IL In said. has filed a counter
protest against the German ~aeroplune
attack on SalOniCa on Thursday.
\ message received from Sofia through
Amsterdam records that a deep impress
sion was caused in the Bulgarian capital.
The message confirms reports that the
Bulgarian Government had arrested the
French Nice-Consul In Sofia ms a meas
ure Of retaliation, and SAYS that the
Cabinet has decided to extend this policy
to all officials remaining in the legations
Of Great Britain, France and Serbia
until the bulgarian official at SalOniCa
and his staff have been released.
TurkeN has also entered protes, against
the action. according 10 Reuters .Nm-
sterdam correspondent. lie sends tho
following:
according 10 a Co%nstantinoplc telr-
gram. the Porte. through the informed b
AIRY Of the American Embassy, has pro-
-. A.rgItlt tho urIttrlYNE ,fzttr ~
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-04
HILL FAVORS TAFT.
Georgia uprem Court Justice
lrges appointment.

ATLANTA. Ga. Jan. 3.-Suprcmc Court
Justice Benjamin II. Hill checked a
movement started to-day ny the At
lanta bar 10 push him for the vacancy
on the United States supreme bench
caused ~ the death OF Justice Lamar.
Il STALL urge President Wilson to
name MIR. Taft" said Judge 'inl.
"rresiden; wilson is II southern man
and this would BE- a splendid manif"Sid-
ton of the appreciation 81 the" southern
people Of the appointment to the SUI
prema bench by President Taft of two
southern men. Justices Lamar and Iur-
ton. and the elevation Of Justice WHIT.
"A Confederate veteran. to the chief Jus
tic.~hip Besides Mr. Taft's legal abil-
ity points TO him as the hest selection. d
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-04

,c,or tho Italian Ambassador left
A. Lansing. Viscount 'hlnda' the Japa-
,esa Ambassador. called 10 Sc" ,h' So
p,-,,r,uent officials declared he
,,araiy asked n there were any fulther
,J.,,ils in rossession OF the pepar''he"'
CONCERNING the attacks on tht japanese
Iir.r yasaka Maru. several GAYS ago
and the kenkou Maru Th'r' were "'
snch details in the p,paf'fh'S''
m. state Department to-day mace
,uh,t, the two dispatches which contain
a,,, reformation OF "A detailed char
oa,or rorccruing the attack on the Per-
a, or these the despatch from 'oNsuI-
,,nrorol Arnold at Cairo, Egypt, Is lh'
o,iy one which declares positively t'h'
tho vessel WAS torpedoed without WARM
ing. This despatch reads
"c,irn January 2--P. and q steamer
Persia torpedoed forty miles southeast
Of crete Thursday at I 'oa /, NJ WIN
an, warning Nationality submarine
as not visible Sank In I've
minutes. About $40 passengers ami
crew. Including many wpm'" ana 'hll'
drau. About -" saved ~SurNlN''
picked M after thirty hours by hrr'N,
5,strny,r Mallard, Reported t4at
A,eriran Consul proceeding to post At
AIcn lost. Details given me by high
cnn,nissh, ner whose secretary, Rlghain,
I. ,urv,yor. Can obtain afidavtts II de-
sired. ""N''"
The Consul was instructed to obtain
tho nttida Wits AT once and To secure amy
other a,idayits available from survivors
nh, official text of tn" despatch from
cousul Garrels AT Alexandria,, u para
phrlse Of which il printed in INV SrN
ms morning. is regarded AZ significant
Ia, yi.w Of the intimation II contains #
,be cousul's belief tina the gun on board
the Persia rendered that vessel liable
TO attack.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-04
GRIP AND PNEUMONIA TAKE 500
Two Thousand New Cases De-
yeiOped IN CITY Last Week.

After comparing last years figures
with statistics compiled last week. the
Health Department renewed It's warning
against grip yesterday. The figures
show that 500 persons died Of grip and
pneumonia, while last year In the cor
responding week only 400 deaths were
recorded. Ave being influenza victims.
Last week ~ died OF influenza.
Pneumonia claimed it0 victims during
the last week ~ 1914, while last week
272 died, There were fifteen times MS
many cases OF grip last week az IN the
last week of 1914 The Health Depart.
ment states that 1000 new cases Of grip
and pneumonia were found In the city
last week and therefore issued the fol-
lowing warning:
Avoid overheated and overc-owded
places.
Dress warmly whom out In the cold.
Avoid alcohol.
he sure 20 get plenty Of rest and
fresh air.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-04
MAY ARREST ANOTHER AS SPY


Lrederal officials reuswe yesterday
Investigation into the German
propaganda plois, preparing 10 present
to the new Grand Juries this week ,lif-
feren' phase. OF the Franz Rntclru and
Paul Koenig cases.
II was limited yesterday that there
Nigh. bs another arrest IN the ko"niC
case this week. \ man who has figured
in the public prints ami who pos
sihlv was acquainted with Rintelen is
said to be the one sought. tie il sad
90 have worked with koenig on "A Scheme
20 misrepresert in this country persons
who are official representatives OF the
Allies.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-04
TAFT WARNS ON CONSUMPTION
says American People would Not
Allow II In Peace Times.

NEW HAvEN. Jan. 3-Ex-presideu'
Taft, IN an address tonight at the Irlon
Leagues annual banquet here, said thai
under no circumstances Mould mo Amer
lean people submit 20 consumption D.,
time ~ peace.
The party that proposes "nu~"rlrt''n
Will get plenty Of time afterwt'i go lc-
pert for IL folly" he sad.
Mr. Taft said that he advocated pc
paredness because II would lessen Pm"
temptation OF other nations making W."
against us. He said h" wished 80 h"
understood ms neither ftyur,rg tn" AZ %
,ude of NJ. BRYAN nor tina Of Nj IIuos"-
welt In the matter Of preparedness,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-04
AERIAL AMBULANCE NOW.
Arropinn used tn Tra nspOrt Ser.
binns 10 Bns~ Hospital.

PARIS, Ian, 3-henri Barley. cor
respondent Of the J0nrndi, reports the
use of acroplancs for ambulance work
during the recent retreat from Serbia
This IL their first employment IN such
service,
\ number OF wounded soldiers We're
lust behind the line of retreat and It
was impossible TO carry them on stretch-
ers. col, Furnier ordered thar they he
carried to the Balkan mission at pris-
rrtd BY tho acrop!ancs that the French
still had in their possession.
These were sIN In number and only in
fair working order because they had
been exposed to the rain and snow for
two months. hut they accomplished the
work In safety.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-04
CANTACUZENE A E
lrrs. r. d. Granite sOn-in-law Pro-
NOTED by the Csar.

er4ck ID. Grant. widow of Gen.
Grant, received a cablegr ram to-day from
her daughter. the Princess Cantacuzene.
eAytng that her husband had received his
second promotion for bravery In battle
INC ID now a General on the staff OF the
Gar.
The Princess. who was Miss Julia
Grant q niece Of Mrs, Potter Palmer OF
Chicago, IN with her husband In Petro-
trad, where she has taken charge OF a
large hospital. The Prince, an a Colonel
Of the Csar's Cuirasseurs, was severely
wounded In the Russian drive into East
Prussia.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-04

\ trus, certificate for $50 600. = It.
boob q; the Union National Ban. -
Pittsburg and various receipts wore
found In "a black travelling bag m.r' rl
w. II. w. Griffin, East l.iv l}t4
Ohio" In "A sttteron'u ON TN" sem
Providence of tn" Fan River Lrr u-
Decenher 81. The Police pcpar'm..'
has been asked to lind tho owucr az 2 -
bag, II possible.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-04
Won PAPEN AT FALMOUTH.
Ship Carrying Recalled German
Auache Under Exaninat ton.

Plymouth, England, III 3.-Capt.
Franz Won papen. the recalled German
Military Attache. has arrived At Fall
mouth. on his way to Rotterdam on the
steamship Soordam.
The temporary interruption IN his
voyage was only a natural consequence
Of the landing Of some passengers at
FALMOUTH and the usual examination Of
the vessel.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-04
81, 900, 900 JEWELS ON PERSIA.
MnhHrnjnh of kRpurthaIa Lose.
Fortune Tn Gems.

loSpoN. IAN "A cairo despatch to
the Ersnin1 NeWs saws that the Jewels
OF the Maha'ajah % ktpurthala. valued
AZ $4,000, 600. were lost aboard the
steamer Persia.
The members o' the Maharajah's suit
were aboard the ship, hut the Maharajah
himself intended To join the party at
po.t Sad
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-04
Bu.,n... school for Columbia.

\ school for business will he cstab-
lished at Columbia University next fall.
according To an announcement made yes
terday after the trustees meeting. The
course will No for three years and only
Students who have been two years nj
Columbia COLLEGE. or At some other col
lego Of equal standing. will DO accepted.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-04
TURKS DAMAGE DESTROYER.
Also Repuls~ Monitor In strait
Hydroac rOplnn ne shells Camp.

Special Cabie D~estnfch TO THE SuS.
CoSsTANTiSo9LE. via London. Jan. 3
THE War Office CAV out n statement
Tonight saying that Turkish shells hit
Q torpedo boat destroyer In the Darda-
nelles near Rechike. The statement re-
ports also the destruction by Turkish
batteries of landing places and store
houses used by the Allies troops. The
Statement follows:
In the p~ardanelle3, near bechike.
our artillery repuisej a monitor and
hit n torpedo Dat destroyer. Near
Sedd -cl-iahr there were artillery ac-
lions and bomb attacks. one ~ our
hydio aeropianes threw bombs upon
an enemy camp. our batteries bom-
barded Allies landing places and de-
Otroyed storehouses.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-04
NARs's CANALS CHANGE COLOR.


FLAGSTAFF. Ariz.. Ian at was an
oounced to-day Mt the Lowell Observa-
tory tina observations OF Mars have
shown n striking confederation Of the
theory Of seasonal dependence Of the
planets canals upon the melting OF the
polar cap.
The northern canals are nov very
dark, Indicating increased activity with
advan cing spring, while the southern
canals are faint In their autumnal de-
cline.
The season In the northern hemisphere
Of Mars Is now late April.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-04

HE accompanying map shows the scene Of the operations in Vol
L hynia and eastern Galcia, where the Russians have launched a
new offensive. Czrenowiz, capital Of the Bukowina, the key to the
Carpathians; Lemberg, the big Gahcian city, and Czartorysk, OF the
Kovel-sarny railroad sector, re the chief points now bitterly con-
tested. The battle line, 800 miles long, stretches from Volhynia
through Bessarabia, and is now close to the Rumanian frontier. A
total of about 5000 600 men is believed to be engaged in the fighting.
The heavy black line on the map shows the approximate position Of the
contending armies.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-04
Russians Repuls~ Persian Rebels
In Fisht Near pmmadnn.


Special taIie De.pdtch to TTr srs.
PErRoGRAp. Ian. 3.-The following re-
port was issued by the Russian Wal
once tonight:
In the direction OF Hainadan we at
lacked 900 Persian gendarmes. driv-
lna them back. We KILLED many and
captured some prisoners and auanti-
ties of supplies.
With regard to the fighting IN the
Caucasus the RUSSIAN statement says:
On the Black ga coast on Satur-
day night the turks attempted To APP
proach our positions. They were re-
pulsed.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-04

Germany practically suspended all sub
marines activities asainst merchant
craft.
denly took up this warfare, which grew
in volume until. with the attack on the
Ancona n the destruction OF a score
of American lives. her relations with
the United States reared the breaking
point. Then. Il is pointed out. Austria
also gave assurances.
II now remains to be seen whether
the Persia was ttacked by a submarine
or hit "A mine. and whether. II torpedood.
the submarine making the attack was
German. Austrian or Turkish.
Although the state Department knows
that German. Austrian and Turkish sub
marines have been operating In the Med
iterranean. IL is understood at the De-
partment that all these craft are Ger.
man built and so far as officers go a Z
German AIMED Heretofore the pro.
tests of the United States, the Depart
ment officials said to-day. have been
aimed at the Governments to whom the
submarines belong rather than at the
officers of these vessels.
Germany's assurances were made to
cover only passenger liners. Austria :
assurances were made 30 cover all pr,-
vaic merchant ships From Turb.v
Bulgaria. ~Germany's other allies, the
United safes never has had occasion
before 20 demand assurances. Ohicisis
now believ. h a uniform cxprrssiJr
from al the TeutOnic allies Is desirable.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-04
Turks Report Victories over the
Russian. Near IVamndsn.

Special Cable Despatch 10 Tnn suN.
CoSsrASriSofLE. via Berlin and Lon
don. Jan. 3-Thc Turkish War ONCE
teshikht reported a victory over the Rus.
SLAMS IN Persia. Resides two gins. two
machine guns n an auto wagon the
Turks captured $50 wounded Russians.
The statement also says that the Turks
captured two Russian guns north OF
Hamadan. This indicates that the Turks
are approaching this atty, which was re-
Gently taken hy tho Russians.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-04
MINING CAUSES AVALANCHE,
A~ustrisns Precipitate slide, hut Da
No Damage, Home Reports.
Special Cabi, Despdfch to Tar SIS

Special Gable Despdfch 10 THE StN.
ROME, Jan. 3.-The War Office gave
out the following statement tonight:
In the region of Lagazuoi minins
operaaions by the enemy caused the
fall Of an avalanche. No damage
was done.
Attacks against our Monte San
Michele positions Gin the Goritz
sector) were repulsed with heavy
losses to the enemy.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-04
vISC0UNT MAITLAND WOUNDED.
9ld~st SON Of Earl Of LauderdaI,
War Victim In France.

Special Gable Despnfch to TEE Sus.
' IoNpoN, Jan. 3--The War orr e an.
Aouned Tonight that Viscount Maitland.
eldest son Of the Earl Of Lauderdale, has
been wounded In France.
Viscount Maitland. who Is ~ years
cid. has served In various regiments OF
the British army since 1886. He saw
actual fighting In the South African war.
IN which he won a medal with four
clasps.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-04

Premier Asquith is expected to intro
duce in the House OF Commons to-inor-
row the Governments consumption bill,
The Premier is pledged to have com
puls.on enforced against single men
known to be 'slackers' and IL In gen
orally exported that the bill will affect
married men as well
The attitude of Ireland toward the
CONSUMPTION issue holds the foreground
OF Interest concerning the outcome of the
nght. John Redmond and his followers
have openly announced in tho House Of
Commons that they would fgnt com-
pulsiOn to the very last. ON the other
hand several Cabinet members have
threatened to resign II the measure Ia
not put through at once.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-04

The tex, Of the despatch is;

The text OF the despatch ~
"~ALENANDRIA, Jam. l.-P, & -. liner
Persia, carrying a ~ gun, sank Ave
minutes past ! afternoon December 80
about 900 males northwest Alexandria.
Presumably torpedoed. No submarine
VAS seen. second officer Bromley seeing
torpedo track, Vessel sunk in about
nye minutes. Two American citizens
aboard. Charles H. Grant, manager
Vacuum oil Company, Calcutta. is safe
at Alexandria. Robert NJ, McNeely, as
signed Consul OF the United States at
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-04

on the other hand, it Is said by high
Officials of the Government. the state
Department has grown seriously doubt
fuI Of It's ability successfully To contend
that merchant vessels are entitled 10
immunity from submarine attacks II
armed The question Is Of imrnediat"
Importance In connection with the case
Of tho Persia. which, as stated IN TIVE
SvS this morning. carried n - e
gun.
Heretofore the official position OF the
American Government, az announced 10
the beliigerents shortly after the out
break of the war. has been that n
merchant ship In entitled to carry. with
,u, fear IL attack. without warning, one
or two guns Of not more than . inch
calibre. FOR defensive purposes.
This rule. as stated IN THE StN tnIS
morning, was enunCiated in cofncctloh
with G.rrnany's demand for the 'n'eth-
mon, ~ armed British liners tourhlns
a, American ports. Although the United
states succeeded IN prevailing on 'irea'
britain to dismount guns IRON such
stips In order TO AVOID conlI'''a'.o's
the rui, itself never mas been inonireu
he This country. Such modification ~
now heing seriously conSld'reu' ~ war
L.aru.d Tonight on highest
When tho rule was proclaimed tn"
submarine had not become "A serious
factor IN naval warfare. The ruii''s
VAS announced early IN the war when
the ferman L boats had not begun the,r
rst Is on British IN IN me North
Sea and OF the coast of England lac
only IN raiders then operatinS
10 any extent We're NJ the cruiser tNP"'
Ike the rrinz Eitel Friedrich ard hron-
pr,nz Wilhelm. Against boats or thls
tvp. merchant vessels. ~ was hel"'
might, usr guns of : inch calihre or les,
,,rsiv for defence. with the advent ~
IA. submarine asa raider oUi-
,i,ls admit conditions changer ma
terially. \ merchant vessel using Il "
inch gun against a German cruiser III IN
,,,.ru,t Ia ri-ist, 4, was pointed out
wo1l1 after all hav" but little cAanc'
whereas 4, single she At the thir. smell
lsa hull Il "A submarine would SEM
such A craft to the bottom.