davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-09-19

Native species of the grape are found
in nearly all parts of the world, and
no country is blessed with greater
number Of them than our own. 1t Is
| therefore reasonable to conclude that
grapes can be successfully grown al
most everywhere in the United States,
results with them depending largely
upon the selection of varieties of the
species suited to the respective con-
ditions.
Grape vines are propagated from
seed, from cuttings, by layering, or
by grating
Cuttings for propagation may be
prepared at any time after the vines
have become dormant. Other things
being equal, and if they are after
wards well cared for. the sooner they
are prepared after the vines have be-
come dormant the better. The length
Of the cuttings may vary from to 20
inches. depending on the climatic and
other conditions of the locality in
which they are to be planted. Usually,
the hotter and drier the climate the
longer the cuttings will need to be.
They should always be made from
erably from medium sized, short
jointed wood.
All varieties Of the craps may be
propagated by layers. In layering
choose canes OF the last seasons
growth. preferably those that start
near the base of the vine. 1t is WELL
the summer before, to leave on the
vine for this purpose some shoots
starting close above ground and. allow
them to grow as long as possible. In
pruning these canes all the well-de-
veloped buds are left. The ground Is
made mellow, a trench about 2 inches
deep is drawn from the vine with the
hoe. and the cane Is bent down and
fastened in it. Each bud on the cane
will usually produce a shoot, which by
this process Is made to grow upward.
When these shoots are well started
the trench should be filed with soil.
Each of the shoots then takes root at !
its base. Canes may be layered at any
season Of the year. but most frequently
in midsummer, when canes of the
same seasons growth are used These
are bent down to the ground and
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-09-19
The Farm Woodlot
Value of Forested Areas Frequently
Overlooked Timber In Some
Cases the Most Profitable Crop.

A permanent woodlot Is an essential
part Of well-equipped farm. IN
heavily wooded States especially.
farmers are likely to overlook this fact
and recklessly cut, misuse, or cleaf'
up their forest areas 1t does not
occur to them that it may be advisable
! to allow thrifty, immature timber to
! mature rather than to remove 1t 1T 4.
loss; and that it is often better to
practice intensive agriculture on areas
already cleared than to clear addi.'
tional areas which are In growing
| timber r.
There are a great many Indirect
considerations, however, which justify
the maintenance of permanent
woodlot on the farm. The important
ones, number Of which are usually
active In any particular, case, are: (1)
For convenience Of home use for fuel
posts, and other farm needs; (2) as
windbreak for buildings or crops;5
CD as a shelter for stock; (4)' for
protection OF land from erosion; (6)
to furnish work for men and teams
during spare time: 60 for purely
esthetic reasons and for recreation
purposes, for which reasons alone q
farm with well-located grove of
trees, however small. will sell TOR
more than one without. Thus al
woodlot may at the same time In
crease the general prosperity Of the
farm, add to Its comfort as q home
The farmer too often considers only 4
the local and immediate uses of a.
woodlot, overemphasizlng them and
disregarding other functions that
might ultimately prove to be more i'm Z
portant For example, where agri.
culture Is entering heavily wooded re-'F
gions, timber is likely to be considered
only an incumbrance. In long settled
farming regions. where most Of tho
timber has been cut and only few
trees are left the farmer may prefer to
save the remnant for the shade 1t
gives to stock or buildings or because
1t improves the appearance OF the
farm. In prairie country, protection
to grain crops, orchards, stock, or
buildings, together with service as q
convenient supply of wood for farm
consumption, may cause owners to
place a high value on their woodlots.
In mountainous regions near thickly
populated manufacturing centers tho
woodlot may be valued for its wood
producing capacity alone. The tempta-
ton Is to forget or underestimate
those functions Which are not OBJ
viously and Immediately beneficial.
AS a. matter of fact, the less obvious
functions are often the very ones
which are likely to prove Of the great
est value In the long run. Many
farmers who totally cleared their
lands would be glad to Have their
woodlots back again for protective
and other purposes; and farmers in
the Central States already regret the
abuse which has robbed their wood
lots Of the capacity to yield wood
crop of increasing value on the poorer
soils of the farm. It is, therefore, I
greatly to the interest Of all farmers
to consider not only the present but
the possible future usefulness Of q
farm woodlot.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-09-19


tenn, differs from the foregoing in
that no canes or spurs are left at the
lower wire. the trunk Of the vine ex-
tending directly to the top wire, where
the growth Is annually cut back to
two canes and two spurs. one on each
side, which are fastened to the top
wire. 1t is best to tie the trunk to
both the upper and lower wires to
prevent violent whipping Of the hang
ing shoots. Some growers dispense
with the lower wire.
This system Is thought by many
growers to be an Improvement on the
four-cane system. The absence of the
two lower canes lnsures good up
right trunk, and the renewal of the
fruit-bearing wood to one head makes
the vine more easily pruned, leaves
less old wood. and results in cleaner
and better ventilated vines.
The Overhead Caywood System.
In the overhead system. which has
been used to some extent in New
York the vines are carried upon a
canopy or overhead arbor s feet above
the ground, consisting Of three hori-
zontal wires stretched at the same
height. The center wire is fastened
to posts which are placed at regular
intervals, and the side wires are at
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-09-19
BY G. G. HUsMANN.

| c, canes, called shoots when green and cane.
when mature; Sp., spurs, canes cut back to one
to four eyes; 7, trunk, the main stem or body o.
the vine; 4, B, {, D, arms older than two years
grow. The first and secondary laterals
bear the so-called second and third
crops Of grapes.
The treatment given vines during
the first years Of their growth largely
determines the profit and pleasure to
be derived from them. If Improperly
cared for during this period, satisfac-
tory returns are not obtained after
wards.
In the matter of pruning and train
ing. not only do different countries
have different methods Of doing this
work, but methods often vary in the
several districts Of the same country.
The inherent peculiarities Of the va
rieties themselves often require spe-
cial methods to obtain the best results.
OF the many styles of pruning and
training a few will be mentioned here:
The Four Cane Kniffln System.
On the trunk of the vine at the
lower wire Of a two-wire trellis, about
80 inches from the ground, two canes
and two spurs are left of last years
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-09-19
VALUE OF A FRUIT DIET

Apples, oranges, pears. peaches,
lemons, strawberries, blackberries,
raspberrles-in fact, all the various
acid fruits-are, according to "Physi-
cal Culture exceedingly wholesome
in character, ana are capable of fur
pishing a very large amount of jnour-
ishment in ones daily diet. Strange
as 1t may seem to the average indi-
vidual, almost any one of these fruits,
lemons excepted, would fully and
completely nourish the body for a
prolonged and even an extended per-
fod If one were for any reason COM
PEELED to secure nourishment entirely
from food of this character although
Of course, it would require a consid-
cradle period for the organs of assimi-
lation to acquire the habit of absorb
ing all needed nourishment if radi-
cal dietetic change of this nature was
made.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-09-19

tached to 3-foot cross arms Of wood
, fastened to the posts. The head of
the vine Is annually cut back to five
canes and five spurs. The canes are
fastened on the wires. two in one
direction and three in the other, this
division being alternated each year.
The Cross Wire System.
The single cross-wire system Is used
In the vicinity Of Marlboro, N. Y. In
this system posts are set s feet apart
each way and made to project 61a
feet above the ground single wire
running on top from post to post in
both directions. A single trunk vine
Is trained up each post, four canes
being run from 1t at the top Of the
post and one cane is fastened to each
of the radiating wires. These canes
are renewed each year. 1920
The Fan System.
In the fan. system the vine growth,
which is trained to an upright trellls,
is annually renewed to within a short
distance from the ground. The vines
are cut back usually to four canes
and is many spurs each year; the
canes are spread out and tied to the
trellis, giving the vine the shape of
a fan.
The advantages claimed by the ad-
vocates of this system are G) that
most Of the old wood is dispensed
with each year. CD that the vines
can be easily laid down and covered
in winter when needful In the extreme
northern sections, and CD that If after
pruning the canes are tied and spread
n-shaped on the trellis, as they
should be, the young upright owing
shoots fasten themselves by their ten
drills and need practically no tying
This system has the disadvantage of ]
bearing the fruit too low and is not
now so generally in use as formerly |
In towns and around homes where |
there is room for only a few vines,
grapes are often trained on porches, |
fences, outbuildings. etc. Where
there is sufficient space. an arbor is a |
good and attractive support, making |
the vine furnish a shady bower or
walk as well as fruit In vineyard !
practice some growers use only
stake or post on which to train each
vine.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-09-19
A DEEP SOIL USUALLY NECES
SARY FOR ALFALFA.

A deep, permeable soil should be
chosen. If possible, as alfalfa Is natur-
ally deep-feeding plant that usually
sends it's roots down many feet to
obtain the plant food materials and
moisture which are out of reach Of
the shallow-rooted crops. If the soil
lacks depth the alfalfa plant Is un-
able to utilize it's deep-feeding root
system and is less likely to withstand
the inroads made by the surface
feeding, weeds. The roots can. how
ever, penetrate rather stiff clay soils,
and even some Of the soils underlain
with hardpan. Instances have an,
been observed in the limestone set
tions of the Eastern and Southern
States where alfalfa was growing
successfully on soil underlain at
depth of but eighteen inches with
limestone lodges
Flowing up the poultry runs ana
yards Is a SeaSOnable lob now
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-09-19
To Make a Double Gate

The making of the double gate on
the farm is a task that for some rea-
son or other is usually neglected. The
double gate gives much better service
than the large, single gate, for the
reason that the hinges have only half
the weight. to bear that the single
gate does.
An easy way to make the double
gate is here described. 1t is presumed
that a 16-foot gate is to be built, and
to do so we build the gate Gas shown.
all In one piece. 1t is then set in
place and the four hinges are made
fast, the post well tamped, and the
gate is then sawed in two In the
center Gas shown at Al.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-09-19

40 cents a pound. A pound in the
900 to l,ooo-pound period costs 90
cents and in the 1.400- to ], 500 pound
period it costs 1914 cents.
1t is believed that when less grain
Is fed and more roughage given to
beef cattle the production Of beef will
become more common. Heavy grain
feeding is wasteful and increases the
cost Of tie cattle without making the
product any bigger or any better.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-09-19
THESE TEN RULES MEAN BETTER CHICKENS

Here are ten cardinal points in rails
ing young chickens:
s@i L.. First feed the chicks when
thirtysiN hours Old Provide sharp
sand or clean grit. Give them dry
bread and sweet milk, mixed with
9hopped boiled eggs and dry bread
~ cracker crumbs. Feed this once
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-09-19

suits than heavy gains for few
weeks that could not be maintained.
The cost of producing additional
gains increases as the cattle become
heavier. The tests show that the cost
Of feeding calves to weight. Of 100
pounds is about 10 cents a pound.
From 200 to 800 pounds the feed costs
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-09-19
The Double Gate.

This method will bring both gates
on a line, and they will be sure to
close evenly. 1t Is a good plan to
place the two center side pieces about
one-half inch apart, and make two
saw cuts, cutting out the extra half
inch which will prevent the rain from
swelling the gate, which may prevent
its closing evenly. , .:- A.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-09-19
GROWING THE CURRANT

The currant Is one of the easiest
plants to propagate. A fresh green
cutting placed in the ground in the
spring and given little cultivation
and attention during the summer will
at the beginning Of the next year have
a fine root system developed, and be
ready to plant In the permanent bed.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-09-19
RINGWORM CURE EASY.
University Man Favors Iodine and
Acetic Acid Treatment.

Ringworm appears most commonly
in cattle as round, slightly raised,
bald patch, being seen especially about
the head and neck of calf or year
ling. Older cattle, other animals and
men are subject to the trouble. 1t is
caused by minute vegetable parasites
which grow under the skin, some
thing like mildew in grape leaf
RingwoTm can be rather easily cured
by giving the spots a good scrubbing
with soft soap and water, then treat
n ing them once each day with equal
SSparts Of tincture OF iodine and glacial
celtic acid. The treatment may be
b sntinued for several days, as appears
..ne;essary.-M. H. Reynolds, veterin-
I'm, University Farm, St. Paul.
4. bu
sS quicker one disposes of all but
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-09-19

A. Arms or ramifcations of the branches,
usually of wood two or more years old; B,
branches which are of mature wood, being sew
era years old; c, canes, called shoots when green
and canes when mature; l., lateras, the Sec
starting below the ground from the main body;
T. trunk, the stem main body of the vine;
w. s., water sprouts, the shoots which start
above the ground from wood older than one
year; I, ,, 3, 4, 2-year old arms.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-09-19
IRRIGATION DID TT.

thousands OF. farms as rich as the
world has ever known have been
created during the past few years
through irrigation upon what were
regarded as desert plains.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-09-19

- every three hours for two or three
~. u, u days, then once day for ten days or
$3.50 ,swo weeks.
O IN, tn, 2 Don't overfeed. Give only what
..,.. the chickens will eat up eagerly in a
I $3.50 few minutes. sa@
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-09-19

"A lemon a day
Keeps hot weather at bay"
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-09-19

Y TO raise cucumbers you must be a
good bug fighter.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-09-19

quicker one disposes of all but
rs and hatchers, the less ex-
md care will be needed.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-09-19

Flowing UP the poultry runs ana
yards Is a seasonable job now,
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1916-08-08
THESE MEx|CANS
WERE COURTEOUS

IN the Woman's Home Companion
Katherine Holland Brown gives the
following interesting description of
some Mexican soldiers in story
dealing With old Mexico as it is to-
day:
This afternoon my beauteous
guest met up with another phase OF
the Mexican situation. All our men
folk had driven into town to an in
ternational Committee meeting. I'm
known to me, Miss Eleanora saddleG
Israfil, Jim juniors donkey, and
rode off down Tlalpam Road to ex-
plore. Presently she cafe pelting
back through the gates, her serious
face flushed and eager, with band
Of 40 Zapatistas galloping at lsra'
nrs heels. These soldiers were en-
,remely tired, she explained, dashmS
into the patio, where | sat, aghast
Could they not halt few minutes
for a drink of our icy cold well wa
ter. and dulce or so, perhaps?
well, was simply scared plue'
There was not a man on the place,
except the servants. And Jim has
given most stringent orders that no
soldier shall be allowed inside the
gates on any pretext whatever. But
I said yes. quaking. With all the
country side wells poisoned, 1t seem
ed too inhuman to deny them and
their poor beasts. Anyhow, they
we're already shouldering inside.
81 need not have been such a
'fraid cat. They rode UP the drive
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1916-08-08

MS majestic as SO many barefoot hi
dalgos, and Saluted me with dignity
then swarmed around the well, and
drank, and drank, with a frenzied
thirst. Never have I seen men snatch
at water like that. IL was the de-
|vouring thirst OF men who have
fought. Very decorously, too. they
partook of the lemonade and fresb
baked bread which Annina and my
tiuttering maids brought out. Very
courteously they bowed to me again.
and set forth. | drew a long breath.
1t had been a shaky quarter hour!
But right then Emily Ann came tod
ding down the steps, all pink and
dewy from her nap.
The whole troop stopped dead ana
stared at her. The leader put out a
big hairy arm and picked her up, ana
! wondered over her fluffy white dress
and her fat little legs in pink stock
ings. and her fiaxen hair which he
touched cautiously, curl by curl Ac
last he set her down. Little Madon-
ma, he said, very gravely and gently
Then. at gallop he and his ragts-
mullins were up saddle and away.
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1916-08-08
RICHMOND Department
Nevs From the Lively 7own up North

Richmond, Aug. Tit is worth
your while taking peep into the
State Bank of Richmond and you
will discover that 1t is second to
none in the whole world as far as
having all OF the up to date convent.
ences and little contrivances so es-
sential to tighten labor and carry on
this banking system in the most
scientific and accurate way. Nor
is our banker, G.. G. Hendricks one
Of these "rut" fellows that says 1T
Is good enough, let 1t go at that" but
is ever wide awake to the inventions
Of the day and is willing to give
those inventions fair trial. His Ia
test addition to the bank fixtures is
q $3.50 automatic adding and subtract
ing machine. This is quite novel
ty and while you see 1t operate you
again come to one OF these stops
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1916-08-08
THE ELEVATOR BOY PROTESTS.

"Did you ever stop to consider the
feelings of an elevator boy in an Of
flee building?" asks Marjorie Benton
Cooke in the August American Maya
zine in her story entitled THE Bird
Cage"
4" How'd You like to spend your
days in cage, goin' up, comm down.
same bad air, same old shafts slippin
by, never nothin' to see. How dye
like It on a sunny day when you were
dyin' to play baseball?' says the eie-
nator hoy.
Il never thought about 1t at all.
the passenger answered.
Well, | have. thought about IL
most of the time fer years. Even
the fellows in Sing Sing gets out some
times. but we don't When | get to
raeIin' I cant stand it, think of block
after block of office buildings in this
town. every one Of "em with fifteen
or twenty cages, and fellow like me
in every one OF 'em, spendin' his lie
goln' W., comm down, goin' up, comm
on
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1916-08-08
where you wonder how far human in
telligence will finally soar.

where you wonder how far human in
telligence will finally soar.
We are all pleased with having cur
streets so nicely sprinkled but in
connection with this luxury are some
perplexing problems, yet some that
we have to deal with everyday prin.
ciples one of these is, can we afford
1t. Now the question is, can we af.
ford an immediate expense of about
500. The sprinkler will cost $500 and
the running of 1t for the remainder
of the season about $500. But before
that question comes the question have
we water enough to keep a street
sprinkler going and also keep up the
necessary supply for the homes. An.
other perplexing thing arises and
that is, who shall pay and how shall
the money be raised to keep up this
expense? II the principle streets of
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1916-08-08

part of last week in Salt Lake City
on business.
Miss Hazel Lewis spent last week
in Weber canyon in company with
her sister and brother.inlaw Mr.. and
Mrs. Elgren of Salt Lake City.
Mr.. Carl Johnson Is the happy
owner of REQ car.
Edith Merrill. daughter of Joseph
Merrill of Salt Lake, and Bertha Mon.
son. daughter of Hyrum Monsoon OF
Ogden, are visiting with Miss Claudia
Funk.
/ Another new agricultural industry
has lately sprung up among the tar.
mers and now as you enter Uu' fair
city you will often notice a most PIE.
dominant buzzing noise This is caus.
ed by the mechanical process OF fill.
ing silos with peas, oats and corn,
having silos are o. p. Merrill, }. W.
Hendricks, Charles Merrill, l.. Nc.
Carey, Nelson Brothers and Alex
Harris.
Mrs. Addie VanNoy has gone to Hop
kins' Spring where she will remain Il
few weeks with her daughter Cathy.
Mrs. VIM. Thompson with daughters
Evelyn and Nellie have gone to Bull
Idaho, to be gone for two weeks. They
will visit with Mr.. Oline Thompsoi
and family.
Mr.. Oran Merrill has gone To Rex
burg on business.
Mr. Thomas Kerr has bought the
Peterson homestead north west of thu
city and after some remode'ing hat
: been done, will move into it.
The state delegates Went to Ogdei
Monday. Mrs. Lewis McCarrey accoe
panied her husband. She will visit
with relatives while he attends pol
: itical duties.
5 The following mothers had babe
blessed last Sunday: Mrs. A. Fish,
}. son Albert Jr., Mrs. A. Bishop, daugll'
= err Grace. Mrs. Francis Carlson, so
G Glen Leo, MIS-. J. c. Corbett, daugh
e er Nettie, Mrs. C. j. Collet, son E'
. ward, Mrs. A. Atkinson, daughte
: Erma, Mrs. Lewis Sorensen, son TiaC
= Grant.
Mr.. james w. Funk gave very fin
r talk to the young people az mutna
2 Sunday evening. His talk was MANI
!, on the extravaganza of the young pee
y pie and how they ought to save M
e little for a rainy day and not spend s.
n much foolishly. His topic was N
Success without Sacrifice The NUT
g ical selection was a cornet solo b
s Silas Anderson and Paul Monsol az
companied by Elois Thomas.
A Democratic Primary was held sa
: urday evening but the delegates ar
q alternatives are too many to mention