davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1916-01-27

In l~oosening shale and rock to facili-,
tate hand or steam shovel work dyna-
mite is also very effective. while stumps
may be blasted from the roadbed just
as though they were being removed
from a field to be cleared and cultivated.
y Boulders also are easily shattered by
suitable loading and when of hard rock
may be crushed into s%urfacing stone.
The side bitches as we'll as the long
outfall bitches can also be blasted IN
keeping with the nature of the ground.
In fact. there are no limits practically
to the many uses and advantages Of
dynamite for road building when care
full and thoughtful attention is given
to the work. &.
Incidentally the planting of shade
trees for roadside Improvement and at
tractiveness Ii greatly Facilitated by
the judicious use Of q little dynamite.
1t is 4 recognised fact that trees plant
ed in blasted. holes grow much moHe
rapidly and progress more fav0rabE
than those planted In the average spade
dug ground.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1916-01-27
BurrOwerS===Beware!

Gophers and prairie dogs are the
bane Of western farmers, while in the
east wOodchucks are the type Of bur
rowing animals that cause the tillers
Of the soil to forget some of the things
the dominic tells them on Sundays.
Don Leonardo Ruiz. a California
rancher. says dynamite is the proper
medicine to give ground squirrels. 60
piers. prairie dogs. etc."
Take an inch and a half or two
inches of dynamite. Put it in a bit of
cloth or several thicknesses Of paper
to form a small round cartridge. Tie
the cloth or paper firmly about one
end of a piece of fuse twelve Of four.
teen inches long. but do not use a cap.
Insert n Of these charges well into
the mouth Of every hole and pack
loose dirt around the fuse, leaving
enough of the end outside to light cas-
lily. Light the fuse and go on to the
next hole. There will be no explosion
There being no cap or other deto-
nator, the dynamite will simply burn.
filing the hole with dense. poisonous
fumes that will almost instantly stife
and then kill every living thing inside.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1916-01-27
Digging a Ditch In a Flash

Things move quickly nowadays. The
village Of yesterday ia tomorrow's
metropolis. Speed is a requisite, and
newer methods that smack of rapid
ty and labor and money saving are in
demand.
bitches that once consumed many
days Of hand or machine labor are now
being blasted out in almost the twin.
king OF an eye. By degrees man Is
learning to adopt some of natures sim
pie. but mighty forces. And the gull
lies and valleys that old Mother Earth
aas created by her natural %upheavals
md eruptions are being duplicated In
II smaller way by some Of the more
progressive and up to date farmers.
Digging bitches with dynamite is
simply q newer and more improved
method Of trench building. The meth
.od employed in wet work is simply to
punch holes from eighteen to twenty
four inches deep along the line desired
to ditch and then load each hole with
"a charge of SO per n straight dyna-
mite.
Long stretches Of ditch can be loaded
and Hred at q time. One cap placed
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1916-01-27

in a cartridge Of dynamite in the mid.
die hole Of the line Of charged holes aud
fred will do the work.
A single row Of holes can usually b
depended upon to excavate . ditch from
seven to nine feet wide and about thir-
ty to forty inches deep. Where larger
bitches are required the holes cal be
made deeper and loaded heavier. or
two or more lines Of holes. spaced from
three to four feet apart, can be used.
Incidentally the holes can b made In
the toughest kind Of swamp or in food
muck beds. where other methods u
ditching are practically impossible.
When the soil is dry or the weather
is too cold to use the propagated meth
cd of blasting described above low
freezing farm or stumping powder II
used in holes spread farther apart,
often In large bitches as far as four
or Eve feet In this al each hole
must be primed with an electric cap.
as the explosive shock will not propa-
gate in dry ground.
The cheapest lineaI foot of small
ditch II obtained by using the electric
firing method and farm Or stumping
powder.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1916-01-27

their flow. Numerous irregularities
u them to meander about in ap-
parently wasteful ways, and mans
carelessness has added to these trou-
bles by allowing driftwood and loose
earth to form dams and sandbars.
All Of these things help to hold the
food of waters back and cause either
flooding Or swamps, which not only oc-
cupy land that could be more probably
used for farming, but also form fine
breeding places for mosquitoes and
other obnoxious pests. Incidentally
they cause an annual loss running into
millions of dollars per year.
In this day of enlightenment such
things arc both wasteful and. one
might add, criminal, especially SO in
view of the fact that almost instant
relief may be had by a few well placed
charges of dynamite. Not only will
these blasts straighten out the kinks
and bends and remove lodges and
sand bars, but they will deepen and i'm
prove the channels as nature has real
~ intended. incidentally by straight,
ening the winding course of a creek
much area of tillable land can be OBJ
tanned and farm operation In many in
stances made much easier.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1916-01-27
Deepening the Farm For Bigger Crops
Factor to Greater
The Tn Third Dimension u the Farm an important
Crops and Bigger Dividends.

Of the lower soils u released and
utilized. A reservoir for tho storage q
water = created, and = good home Tor
the roots y produced. Good roots
are essential to good plants. Men
who look below the surface realize
these. facts. They know also that =
plant produces only In proportion u
the extent Of air, water and nourish-
ment given it, roots. Thus is tue new.
er method Of vertical farming both
logical and profitable.
This method Of farming vertically p
in itself easy, simple and labor saving.
A half cartridge charge Of Farm pow
der placed well down into the tight
subsoil 1t intervals OF about J rod.
tamped properly and fred carefully
will do the work quickly and econom-
ically. Subsoil blasting. however. car
be done successfully only when the
subsoil is dry.
Few tools are required for tho WORK.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1916-01-27

taking care Of increased horizontal or
surface acreage are al right IN their
way. but to 60 deeper into tho farm.
to increase its fertility and productive
ness BY increasing it, depth. Il : mat
ter that the practice Of vertical farm
ing accomplishes quickly and econom,
=ically. and very often q single car
fridge Of explosive will convert several
yards Of otherwise useless subsoil into
half an acre Of new root feeding u
face. Thus. instead Of spreading out
aud embracing more territory, vertical
farming enables the farmer to really
concentrate and by intensive methods
in both labor and expense.
At the same time the resulting in.
crease In crops emphasizes the profit
able features Of the process.
And there Is a practical reasou for
this. BY breaking up the subsoil oxy-
gen Is admitted into the ground. and
the pent up natural fertilizing elements
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1916-01-27

the stump out Of the ground. 10 re-
cure best results the charge should be
placed In the soil well under the base
Of the stump at the point where the
resistance offered to the force of the
explosion will be equal on all sides.
Where the soil IL OF q heavy clay or
plastic nature q slow acting powder is
preferable, such as farm powder or
stumping powder. Where the earth is
sandy or loose and Is apt to permit
the easy escape of gases a fast expIo-
sive, such as 40 to 60 per cent dyna-
mite should be used. The condition of
the soil with respect to moisture also
has a great influence upon the amount
Of work that q certain quantity of pow
der will do. After heavy rains when
the soil is saturated to the base of the
stump and the subsoil is just damp is
a most favorable condition.
No set rules as to the amount Of
powder necessary to blast 4 certain
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1916-01-27
Strengthening Streams
E With Dynamite

The ancient Egyptians were noted
for their crops because, as history
states, they "sowed their seeds in the
Nile" This does not mean that they
actually cast the seed in the river. At
certain aso of the year the Nile
over1ows it's banks, depositing on either
shore a rich silt or earth that is highly
conducive to bumper crops, and the
wise ancient Egyptians. realizing this.
pr0fited thereby.
Water is a necessity. The tiniest
brooks up to the largest rivers play an
important part in the scheme Of things
inasmuch as they are natures way Of
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1916-01-27
Explosives In Road Building

One Of the newer methods OF road
building that is fast winning the In
dorsement of the better versed contrac-
tor Is that of employing dynamite for
reducing the heavy work.
Grading through hard ground or rock.
for instance. is tedious and requires
time and labor. The use Of dynamite
for blasting such material is a welcome
relief. Both rock and hard clay may
be loosened in the cut by well placed
charges Of explosives If holes are drill
ed into the ground a little way up the
bank and loaded. Careful spacing and
loading for electrically fired blasts viii
result In bringing down both classes of
materials in the best possible n
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1916-01-27

kind Of size Of stump can be given,
since different conditions govern all
cases. Two stumps Of the same size.
kind and age Of cut, when one is grown
on well drained soil where the roots
must penetrate a great depth for water
and the other is grown on soil where
there IL always water near the surface,
will demand different treatment for
extraction. The older stumps, especial
ly II from timber free from resin, re-
quire less powder. The exact amount
necessary for set conditions can. how
ever. be readily determined with q lit
tie experimenting. #
Few tools and supplies are required.
A one and One-half inch wood auger
with q shank about four and one-half
feet long, a medium sized crowbar. a
round pointed shovel and a wooden
tamping stick. together with the pow
der. fuse and caps. will serve to I'LL
the bill.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1916-01-27
Getting the Dollar From Under the Stump
How Up to Date. Farmers Are Easily and Economically Realizing
on Land Hitherto Impossible Of Cultivation

ABOUT 400yO0O,000 acres Of land
included in farms throughout
A the United States are unim-
proved. Figuring that each
acre could be made to produce at least
$26 worth Of produce per year, there
= approximately $10.O0O,OOO.OOO pro-
duction being lost annually. Quite q
tidy figure. And when we take into
consideration that in many cases 1t re-
Quires only the removal OF sundry
stumps and boulders to make this land
profitable, 1t certainly looks as though
something might be done to save the
waste. stamping with dynamite" is
both an economical, quick and labor
saving method Ii well a. one that IL
growing in popularity daily.
The method involved In the blasting
Of Il stump Is to confne q quantity Of
explosive In such a manner that when
exploded The expanding gases will lift
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1916-01-27

TATlsB farmers ars beginning to
farther than length and
breadth. Depth y 4 vital
factor. and incidentally this third di.
mension has q clearly identified infu-
nce upon the producing value OF the
earth's surface.
Thus vertical farming 4 newer
method Of agriculture. IL rapidly de.
veloping. Merely to scrape the bris
ties from 4 hogs hide is moi enough.
Deeper cutting ts essential in order to
reach the bacon. And experience has
shown that TO simply plow or turn the
top soil is very often only the scratch.
ing Of the surface when It comes to
bumper crops.
OFTEN the productivity Of 4 farm is
limited by the tight clay or hard pan
underlying the top soil. Costly impIe-
ments for filling this upper soil and
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1916-01-27

Blasting for tree planting is best done
In the fall. because at this time of the
year 1t is easier to catch the subsoil
in dry condition. Blasting in the spring
for spring planting. however. is much
better than planting in dug holes. not
w~ithstanding the fact that the subsoil
is apt to be wet or damp.
If the holes are blasted in advance of
the time of setting the trees they are
left without further attention until
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1916-01-27

difference in growth between the un-
dynamited tree and the tree planted
in blasted ground being 20 unmistak-
ably in favor Of the latter that no ad-
equate comparison could be made.
Furthermore. there are SO many sane
and logical g for this method Of
tree planting that ven the most skep-
teal could not fail to be convinced.
Obviously when q tree. has to use a
large part of its energies in forcing It's
roots through the hard soil It can
not be expected to make the same
rapid growth and come into such
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1916-01-27
Blasting Ground For Tree Planting

Much has been written on how to
plant a tree or trees, but If the expert
ences Of scores of famous orchardists
have any weight on the topic. then the
practice of using dynamite preliminary
to planting young trees has fully
proved its merits.
The writer has personally seen ,spe-
cific examples Of the value and excel
lence of tree planting with dynamite
on a private orchard in Delaware, the
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1916-01-27
THE BLAST THOROUGHLY CRACKS THE SOIL, BUT USUALLY
LEAVES A CAVITY OR PoTHoLE AT THE BOTTOM - THIS MUST
AZ FILLED. s #@@s &

tree planting time, unless 1t II desir-
able to add some manur Dr. fertilizer
to be difused through the soil. This
Is an excellent practice, especially in
poor soil. II the earth Is sour. sticky
clay . Few pounds OF lime scattered in
the hole will materially assist in fioc-
culating the clay and keeping it per
manently granulated and sweet
Immediately after the blast the soft
blasted ground should be dug out down
to the location of the charge, where
4 hole will usually be found about
the size OF q bushel basket. This
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1916-01-27

early bearing al q tree would that had
had the ground In which II was planted
thoroughly prsparsd ~ dynamiting be
forehand.
No tree should - planted Over hard
pan 81 impActed sabssfl without drst
reserting to biasting, : TIT ths seli
may = MaAe open - poFons. D1eh
bIaleuinsegs ~ Sniy ~saSas sha1nsls. !
li1tt6ls6 ~aH111iEpa a12onoiiilfnulf&ss a2d
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1916-01-27
TIE RooTs ARE FIRMLY EMBEDDED I'M Rlct4 ToPsoiL. SURROUNDED
.@ @ ~ MELLOW, WELL DRAINED sUsSoil. ssMg4

must ~ filled 70 prevent settling Of the
tree after planting. The roots should be
placed II I natural position IA good top
soll1, covered With more top soil and
trsadod down nrmt The hole can then
- 6lls1 n ! ibt3s shove ths snrfacs
witl ssbsSiea.
The fA1t that lsaf1y III seemmese34I
arr1 y - nG1heA ~srnaeoos9d6e
Z np6SSDt'1 5o3T6as16ii
gan1 49, bsAt =
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1916-01-27
Printing a Dynamite Cartridge

To properly prime q dynamite or
farm powder cartridge four things are
essential-the cap, the fuse, the car
fridge and a crimping tool. Tho meth
Cd in itself, Is very simple.
First crimp the printing cap about
the fuse. using the crtmping tool a.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1916-01-27

is. no Immediate danger In handling i
stick Of farm powder II the user wn
uss but IN ordinary amount of ear
and intelligence. Aft
4 common incorrect method Of pefnr
ing p to punch . hole right throuIIh
the cartridge. pass the capped 49,
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1916-01-27

shown in the illustration. Next punch
a diagonal bole In the cartridge with
the end Of the crimping tool. making
the hole deep enough to entirely bury
the cap Insert the cap into this hole
and tie the fuse to the side OF the car
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1916-01-27

Tying Fuse and Cap TO cartridca.
through It, then insert In another dag
onal hole below the first hole. No "
ing is necessary to hold the cap III the
cartridge. This method Is called ''lac-
lng the fuse through the cartridge,
y is unsafe and unreliable. The fuss
Y likely to break At the sharp turns
q the powder train spit IRE through
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1916-01-27

Makins Cap Hole q Cartridge.
fridge securely With ! stout ptscs 81
cord.
Msths 3ob y dons fcarsfully an4 eor~
srsstly tn snttzs oat1t W1l look M
n'sspt1eeNs4 aSa o. pEsn1lg wil
- se4p4p1}es " ..SS N 4,
SSsn 0I1oeonaes 1ae AoG0ooe -
saaopllg.
Arizona republican., 1916-01-24
MRS. JANE NEWMAN
 4 PIONEER IF THIS
 STATE PASSES AWAY
She Lived in Arizona for Many Years, and Was
 Well Known

Mrs. Jane Newman, known to thou sands over the state of Arizona as "GrandmG Newman" died Saturday evening at 10 o'clock at her Phoenix home, corner of Seventh street and Clarendon avenue.
 Mrs. Newman was one of the grand old characters of the west She has been closely identified with the growth and expansion of Arizona for d gener- ation.
 She was born in Missouri in 1S40. Her maiden name was Jane Bennett. In 1859 she started across the plains with her parents. They drove an ON team containing all the family pos sessions. On the way across the plains the caravan with which she and her parents were travelling fell in with another outfit travelling in the same direction. With this caravan was MT. Newman. They saw a great deal of each other on the slow, tire some journey. and on their arrival in California were married.
 In 1866, with her husband and fam fly, she moved to oregon, again mak- ing the long trip overland with stock as the means of locomotion. In Ore gon they lived in what was called John Days valley. They left the val ley in 1877 and travelled overland to Prescott.
 With them on this trip they brought horses, cows and chickens. The de- scendants of these animals can still be traced throughout the northern part of Arizona. The chickens which they brought were among the first of their kind in that part of the state. In 1878 they moved to Camp Verde, where Mr. Newman died that year.
 Not daunted by the loss of her hus- band Mrs Newman started in to
 raise her family of six. By close ap- piication and a keen business insight, she succeeded in keeping her flock together and giving them all an edu-
 cation.
 She is survived by six sons and
 three daughters. Their names are H. i l.. Newman, of Redwood, Cal; J. D Newman, of Los Angeles: Mrs. J. D. Houck. of Cave Creek R. L. New 1 man, Of hOlbrOOk, SherltI or NdNdJu county; Mrs. Frank Leslie, of Flag staff: Mrs. E. F. Taylor, of Camp Verde: w. W. Newman. of HolbroOk:
 E. B. Newman of Holbrook, and G $. Newman, of Holbrook.
 Mrs. Newman has for many years made her home in Flagstaff and vii
 cinity Each winter she was in the
 habit of coming to Phoenix to escape
 the rigors of the intense cold there
 Funeral arrangements will be an nounced later.
Arizona republican., 1916-01-24
WELLTON BRIDCE: IS
 MI HARMED BY FlOOD
New Concrete Structure Near Yuma Withstands
 Onslaughts of Water

Word was received yesterday by F. F. Adams, of the state engineers of flee. that the new Antelope Hill bridge aI Wellton, near Yuma, was apparently safe from the effects of the flooded GHa river There had been some question as to what effects the flood would have on this new concrete structure, but it seems that the high water has not damaged it in any way
 The report received by MT. Adams stated that about 200 feet of the ap- proach on the north side of the bridge had been washed away and that il will probably he some time before traf- fife can be routed over the bridge again. At the time the bridge was completed last fall. there was not suf- ficient money in the engineers fund to build up the approaches IS the state engineer would like to have done ant consequently it was feared that the first flood would play havoc with the approach, and it seems that the en- eineers were about right in their pre- dictions as to the instability of the c;itiseways in time of high waters.
Arizona republican., 1916-01-24
EDGAR 4. bRQWN DIES SUDDENLY.
Telegram Received Here, Conveys Startling News; Was Well Known Over State: Prominent in Pol iticS.

 Edgar A. Brown. former rate clerk for the state corporation commission at one time a resident of Phoenix but for the past year general manager of the Rabbit Brothers interests at Flag staff died in the northern city Friday, according to a telegram received in Phoenix yesterday afternoon by Paul Geary, chairman of the corporation commission. Mr. Geary, accompanied 1 by Jack Gavin. of the commission, left last evening for the north to be present at tbe funeral, which will prob ably be held Tuesday. Details as to the cause of death were not given in the message.
 News of MT. Browns death came as a shock to those who know him ln Phoenix. He had been in excellent health of late. although he had never fully recovered from an automobile accident in which he figured some years ago. l. is known here that he was not i'll one week ago. as letters were had from him of that date Mr. Brown came to this state in 1899, and settled at Flagstaff Prior to moving west he had been identified with the Big Four and Chesapeake & Ohio rair0ads, in Ohio, and Kentucky, his native state. His earliest business associations in Arizona were with Rabbit Brothers, in Coconino county. Later he became private secretary to David Rabbit of that firm. Severin- his connections with the Rabbits in 1909 he engaged in the hotel business. managing at one time the Fl Torar, at Grand Canyon.
 In 1911 he became owner of the Flagstaff Steam Laundry, and con ducted that institution until Governor Hunt was inau@urated in February, 1912, when he moved to Phoenix to
 take the position of rate expert for the
 state corporation commission. He re- turned to COcOnino county about one year ago.
 For the past ten years he had been secretary and member of the board or education of the Northern Arizona
 Normal school at Flagstaff He was
 an active member of the state nation al guard, serving three years as first [ sergeant of Company I. He was a
 member of the democratic state cen
 tral committee, and had been both
 chairman and secretary of that body
 He was an Elk. and Past Grand Knight | De Silva Council. Knights of Colum
 bus. While in Phoenix he was active
 in democratic circles, and made many friends from every part of the state
 MT. Brown was married October 2S
 1901. to Miss Alice Kumsden, at th1
 Fl Tovar hotel, Grand Canyon. He is
 survived by his widow in this state
 and by several distant relations 1T
 Ohio and Kentucky. He was iS year,
 old.