davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1916-06-15

year round office buildings Of fire
proof or slow burning construction are
among the things that one by one have
supplanted the earlier makeshifts. Over
a quarter of a million dollars Is just
now being expended to present the as
sembly to 1916 visitors In its new
character as a permanent institution.
definitely come to stay.
The Chautauqua assembly at Chau-
tauqua, N. ", will this summer offer
to the visitors view two important
and striking improvements In two ap-
proaches-the water gate or pier, where
will enter the visitor coming by steam
boat from other points on Lake Chau-
tauqua, and the land gate. where will
enter the visitor coming by trolley
from any direction or by motorcar over
the excellent highway which connects
with the great east and west thorough
fare at westfeld, N. Y.
Chautauqua's New Land Gate.
The general highway Improvement Is
the most extensive enterprise now IN
der way Mt Chautauqua, n. Y. This
has been secured by generous co-opera-
ton with ChautauQua Institution on
the part of the State of New York. the
county Of Chautauqua and the Chau-
tauqua Traction Company operating
the electric railroad from jamestown
10 Westfield II comprises a modern
passenger station. double tracking Of
the trolley line. a new brick paved
highway and important changes In the
boundaries OF the Assembly enclosure
Plans were made In 1913 by the State
for the Improvement Of the highway.
A magnificent new state road is now
open through Mayyille to Westield,
connecting with the great roadway
east and west known to all automo
bilists. The line OF the highway at
Chautauqua was changed and straight
ened and paved with brick. This
change has made possible the addition
OF considerable acreage to the lot and
park space Of the Institution II In
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1916-06-15

loading and unloading. Work has al
ready been begun so as to assure COM
pletion before the season opens. The
cost OF the structure will be some $780,
600 and incidental improvements by
the Traction Company perhaps $4,000
additional
The Institution has expended for land
and buildings and for the improve
ments made over $4,000. The special
piece OF brick highway has cost the
state and county $4,000, while the
Traction Company expenditures, as Just
indicated. will aggregate at least $40.-
600.
For a quarter Of a century the water
gate was the principal and almost the
will be remembered for its natural pic
turesque beauty by every one who has
visited the assembly during the past
forty-two years. More recently, since
the development Of the electric railway
and since the automobile has become
SO important a factor. the roadgate has
received the larger share OF visitors.
YET III mas ndu uOtnluB 10 susBtSt thc
real character Of Chautauqua. II has
been like the railroad approach to
many a town. a back door entrance.
crowded and comfortless. without char
acter or convenience.
The change in the highway and troll
ley line has made available TO the In
stitution a tract about 1900 feet long,
varying In width from 10 to 300 feet,
or nearly thirteen acres, and brings the
total area within the enclosure up to
about 300 acres. The new section is laid
out into eighty-eigh lots and into park
ing. The lots thus made available for
lease are somewhat larger than the
older Chautauqua lots. Two, OF the
new streets formed are named Harper
and Massey avenues. TO commemorate
services 10 Chautauqua by DIR. William
X. Harper Of the University OF Chica-
go and the Massey family OF Toronto
In this extension about two acres have
been added to the present playground
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1916-06-15

cent OF Chautauqua Assembly. is an
impressive enhancement OF the natural
charm Of "the point" The new pier
building, which will cost about $4,000.
will be another added ornament
The new pier building will be a two
story structure Of 40 by 100 feet with
concrete columns and red tile roofing.
The first floor win contain the Institu-
ton ticket office, steamboat ticket Of
fee, waiting rooms, check room, bag
gage room and refreshment booth. The
second floor will be entirely devoted to
a covered promenade. A most attrac-
tive building is promised by Green &
wicks of Buffalo. the Institution archi-
tects.
For the past two years there has been
a marked improvement In this entire
section of Chautauqua, In ground, park
and cottage betterments. to which the
new boat landing and water entrance
will give final emphasis.
Summer Schools Growing.
The growth OF summer schools
throughout the country is being large
ly shared by the pioneer summer
schools at Chautauqua, N. Y. This
years addition TO the Chautauqua Sum-
mer Schools on College Hill will be
In the form OF two sixty foot ends add
ed TO the sides OF the rectangle already
well defined. When completed all the
classes. comprising 5000 students, win
be provided for In this building, with
the open end Of the quadrangle toward
the lake and the old chestnut tree"
a venerable Chautauqua landmark In
the center.
II is 10 be hoped that friends OF
popular education win come forward
TO make possible In the immediate fu-
ture the completion Of this unique
group Of buildings which will serve a.
classrooms. laboratories and dormi-
tories.
The Chautauqua Summer Schools
themselves are unique In having al
ways been self supporting. They arc
the oldest summer schools In the coun-
CONTINUED ON page Severn
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1916-06-15
NAUTAUQUA ENTERS NEW PHASE
Permanence Parent Institution Of Chaauqua Movement Now
Definitely Established


History the Movement Since 1874
Of No to
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1916-06-15

Continued ON page severn
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-06-16

and beat until light; add two cupfuls
of flour, sifted, with two teaspoonfuls
Of baking powder and a half cupful
of water, beat two minutes; flavor
with grated lemon rind or orange
rind and bake in sheet.
Ribbon cake.-Put two tablespoon
fuls of butter, cupful and half OF
sugar, an egg and two yolks Of eggs
into warm bowl and beat until light;|
then add two and half cupfuls Of
flour, cupful of milk, and three tea
spoonfuls OF baking powder; beat
again hard for two minutes; flavor and
divide. pour into three tins, and re-
serve the amount for the last tin to
add a tablespoonful of cocoa, tea
spoonful each of cloves, nutmeg and q
half cupful Of chopped raisins. Pour
the layers together with the dark one
between; spread with boiled icing,
Chocolate Gems.-Take two table
spoonfuls of butter, cupful of sugar,
two teaspoonfuls Of cocoa, a fourth
Of teaspoonful of cinnamon and two
eggs, not beaten; one and half cup
fuls Of -four, teaspoonful of baking
powder; beat we'll and bake in gem
pans; frost with powdered sugar and
cream
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-06-16
KEEPING WEEDS OUT OF LAWN

II one gets good set OF grass In
the beginning and keeps the ground
fertilized by a coating of stable ma.
nure or commercial fertilizer every
spring there will be little trouble with
weeds in the lawn, If the lawn is kept
properly moved.
Some claim that there are weeds
that cannot be clipped with the lawn
mower. We have found this COM
plant true where the revolving mower
was used, for 1t will bend and not cut
wiry stems, as Of crab grass and
some other troublesome plants.
The only way Of getting these is by
clipping of with a mower that has q
sickle similar to a hay mower. The
guards Of these machines raise up the
stems and the sickle cuts them on
without mashing down or pulling.
There IL no need Of uEing the hook.
30 much II one 10 careful, when GET
ting ! mower, to yet one that cuts
ahead 81 the wheels, ana q vide %
the extreme distance apart ~ The out
side of the wheels This VIII not leaysa
tie strip aione ~ bor1e that =
"a d0JH ~ VI III Sss sl
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-06-16

the day and night he would not have
destroyed as much money as Mr.. NC.
Kenna is adding every fortnight to the
national debt"
Selling Their Estates.
Mr.. Hirst's view is fully borne out by
the men who are in close touch with
the landed gentry. A member of IA
nous firm of estate agents through
whose hands most Of the sales of prop
erty of this description pass told me
that hardly week goes by that he is
not called on to arrange the sale of
some large country estate and that the
smaller estates are being placed in his
hands for disposal by the score.
"The country gentlemen of Eng.
land" he said, simply cannot live un-
der the new conditions. Most of them
are dependent absolutely on their rents
for their income. A man has a couple
Of thousand acres which have been in
his family for centuries. He let's the
land out to farmers, many Of whom
have been on the land as long as him.
self. The rents were fixed years ago
when agriculture was depressed and,
although times are good for the farm
ers now, it is too soon to raise rents.
"No one knows whether the present
high prices for agricultural products
will last, and at any rate the farmers
have a good many bad years to make
up. The squire simply cannot raise the
rents and he cannot live on his income
in the old style. The taxes now take
more than quarter of it, and the
death duties, If the property should
happen to change hands two or three
times in quick succession, as may we'll
happen and has happened recently in
many cases in these days of war, eat
up the capital. What is the man to
do but try to get rid of the property.
which instead of source of income
has become burden to him?
$50 far there has not been much diff
ticulty in finding purchasers, for there
are many people in this country who
have made money out of the war, and
the Englishman who makes fortune
is always IN a hurry to acquire a coun.
try seat. There have been a good
many American inquiries, too, and
some purchases by Americans, but not
so many as one would have expected.
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-06-16
PLANTS AROUND THE HOUSE
By LIMA r. ROSE.

A great deal of discriminating care
should be exercised about the plants
located close to the house. Those set
in such manner as to hide the foun.
dation Of the house and relieve the
baroness should be plants that do not
grow much higher than the wall.
Some of the best plants for this sort
Of adornment are the herbaceous spt-
reas, dicentra and perennial phlox.
Such ANIMALS as ten weeks stock, as
ter, nicotiana, nasturtium and core
opsis can also be used effectively.
Gladioli furnish a brilliant display
in midsummer and the tuberose Is a
fragrant plant that also should have
place near the house.
Scatter bulbs for early blooming all
through the lawn and close to the
path. Old-fashioned plants are always
a happy selection because they pos
sess genuine merit and have been
proved.
Make homes instead of houses by
the good taste exercised in your plant
ing around the home grounds and dis
play your originality along conserva-
tive lines and make your planting ar
rangements artistic.
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-06-16

would have been dead by now" the
surgeon told him.
Early In the war an officer who wore
protection Of this kind would have
been frowned on by his fellows as
unsoldierly. A type Of corselet OF
small plates of highly tempered steel
Joined together by steel wires is De.
Ing more and more worn by officers.
Its structure adapts itself to the
movements Of the body, 1t weighs only
few pounds, and, fitting snugly as
vest, 1t is not cumbrous. II the son
OF Lord Shaughnessy, president of the
Canadian Pacific, who was killed re-
Gently, had been wearing one, HE life
would have been saved. Since then
Canadian commanders have strongly
urged all their officers to buy corse-
let's. This is at any rate better
than no protection against bullets, un-
less they are spent. Such is their
power Of penetration that they go
through the thin steel, mushroom
ing and making larger wound than
If nothing had been in their way. But
IN the trenches, unless one shows his
head above the parapet and in moving
about in the shell zone in the rear Of
the trenches, one is rarely exposed to
bullets. When an officer goes into a
charge in face of machine gun and
rifle fire he takes off his corselet.
On average days in the trenches
the main danger is from shrapnel bull
let's and fragments from shell explo-
sions. which may in1lict ugly and fatal
wounds preventable by comparatively
thin protection to such a vulnerable
substance as human flesh. Together
a corselet and steel helmet pretty we'll
shield vital parts from missiles of low
velocity.
The use of the corselet is practical
ly limited to officers, who pay for
them out Of their own pockets. The
expense and labor of supplying all
ranks OF q great army with them
would seem out of the question.
But gradually all the British SOL
diers are being supplied with the
steel helmet after their successful use
by the French, who first introduced
them. The French pattern is quite
graceful beside the British, which is
round and somewhat the shape OF a
toadstool. The British is heavier
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-06-16

several. thicknesses Of. paper under
the cups. Put boiling water into the
pan until it reaches half way up to
the cups. Set into moderate oven
and cook gently until the custard Is
firm. Serve ice cold with small choco-
late cakes.
Vanilla Souffie.-Scald q cupful OF
milk, seasoned with fourth of tea
spoonful of salt in double boiler and
mix in two tablespoonful of -four and
two of butter, creamed together.
Cook while stirring for ten minutes.
Beat we'll the yolks of four eggs and
three tablespoonful of sugar; pour
over the mixture in the double boil
or. Flavor with orange rind and set
away to cool. Cover closely and q
half hour before serving time fold In
the stifly beaten whites Of four eggs;
bake in a moderate oven 30 minutes.
Serve with chocolate sauce.
Cream Of Almond Puddlno.-Cook
together two tablespoonfuls Of corn
starch, three teaspoonfuls Of sugar,
three cupfuls of milk and a dash OF
salt; cook ten minutes. Add fourth
of q pound Of almond paste, rubbed
smooth with little of the hot mix
ture; add the whites of three eggs,
beaten stiff and pour into buttered
mold; set in water to bake in q mod
crate oven about 80 minutes.
Sponge Pudding.-Take a pint OF
milk, fourth of a cupful of sugar,
a cupful OF -four, tablespoonful OF
butter and three eggs. Mix the sugar
and flour together, then add a little
of the milk while cold; stir 1t into the
remainder Of the milk boiling hot,
and let it cook five minutes. Cool and
add the butter and egg yolks; fold In
the beaten whites and place In Q
buttered pudding dish set in water to
bake half an hour. Serve with q
creamy sauce.
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-06-16

best should never allow herself to get
over-tired, for it is thus many serious
mistakes have been made in caring
for helpless people.
When cooking chicken for broth,
or in fact for any purpose, scrub 1t
we'll with small vegetable brush
with soda and water, then rinse and
wipe dry. Cut in small pieces and
put on in cold water, if to be served
as broth. Let simmer five hours,
strain, cool and remove the fat. This
broth. because Of the gelatin in the
bones and tendons, will make thick
jelly when cold. Reheat and add
boiled rice or barley; serve with a
dash of salt in a pretty cup, piping
hot.
Mutton broth should cook five
hours and strain, then when cold re-
move every bit of the fat.
TripIex Soup.-This is soup that
is such favorite and 80 often recon.
mended by physicians that it should
he found in every home-nursing cook
book. Use equal quantities of beef,
lamb or mutton, and veal; add pint
Of water to each pound of meat. Cut
the meat in small pieces, adding the
bones; cover with cold water and SIM
mer for four hours. Strain and sea-
son with salt. Cool to remove the
fat before using. A beaten egg may
be added to either of the soups, but
not allow it to cook at all, just simply
add to the hot soup and serve. A ta-
blespoonful Of cream, with a sprin-
king of celery salt is liked for variety
when added to the chicken broth.
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-06-16
BULLETS YEARS IN BRAIN
One Was Above Evans Right Eye ant
Ono Was Behind His
Right Ear.

Sacramento, Cal.-Carrying in HE
brain two bullets that were fired at
him by a posse in 1893, when he and
George Sontag, train robbers, terror
lied the people of Fresno and Tulare
counties, Chris Evans, who has been
on parole from Folsom prison since
May, 1911, walked into the county hos.
pital here recently and asked that the
doctors remove the lead and relieve
him of pain.
Accordingly, Evans, who is now sew
enty years old, was operated on by DR..
w. J. Harris, superintendent Of the
hospital. The bullets were causing
his right side to become paralyzed.
One bullet was In the brain above the
right eye, and the other behind the
right ear.
Evans, on obtaining his freedom
from prison, worked for time as
city Waterman at Portland, Ore.
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-06-16

to pound 1t in-then brown It In q
little hot fat, add onions if desired, u
little hot water and stew on the back
part Of the stove or in the oven until
tender.
Spanish Steak.-Take six ripe t01
matoes or one can, four onions, two
chilli peppers and one and q half
pounds of round steak. Peel and slice
the onions, fry light brown. Cut the
steak in serving-sized pieces and putt
the onions on top, then over these
place the peppers and tomatoes, cut
fine; add hot water, cover and cook forf
half an hour, either in the oven or ON
the back part Of the stove
Ranch steak.-Gash thick round
steak on both sides. rub in -FOUR
brown, sprinkle with three chopped
peppers, cover with hot water and
stew until tender.
Baked Round Steak.-Take . tw01
pound steak, cut in serving-sizedI
pieces, score we'll with a knife. Place.
in q roasting pan, season, dredge with
Hour; add Few bits OF butter and q
slice Of onion over the meat. Cover
with water, place in the oven and bake
slowly for An hour until tender.
DeviIed 9teak.-Take one large flank
steak. one-haf onion, two tablespoon
fuls Of butter, two tablespoonfuls OF
-four, one teaspoonful Of salt, onerquar-
ter of a teaspoonful of peDner one
teaspoonful of mustard, three table
spoonfuls Of vinegar, two cupfuls OF
hot water. Melt the butter in a frying
pan, slice the onion and fry in the
butter. Remove the onion when brown,
cut the steak in pieces, dip in -four and
fry in butter. Remove the meat, add
the salt, mustard, vinegar and pepper,
then add hot water Replace the
steak. cover closely and let simmer
until tender. Dish on platter with
the gravy poured over it and garnish
with brown potatoes.
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-06-16

than the French, and there Ia metnod
in It's soup-plate grotesqueness. Thanks
to its form, a bullet which strikes 1t
in front, instead of going through the
head, as Is the case with the French
helmet, glances and follows the inside
of the helmet, passing out at the rear.
Citrate Gets Victoria Cross.
The Victoria cross Is rarely given
even in this war Of countless deeds Of
bravery. The Rev. Noel Mellish, q
London curate, Is the first chaplain in
the British army to receive the cross
since the second Afghan war Of 1879.
On the occasion Of the presentation
the units of the famous fighting army
were drawn up in division, forming q
hollow square on the spring green of
an open field. In the center stood Mr..
Mellish with another officer, who re-
ceived the distinguished service order.
In the front lines stood other officers
who were to receive lesser decora-
lions.
Before pinning the ribbon on Mel.
AAoA Va Cuot IAc 6CkiCLd Oh iCdu q UAAOA
account of the deed of gallantry that
won him the honor. When the cler-
gyman came forward those witness.
ing the ceremony were agreeably i'm
pressed with an extremely slender
and boyish figure scarcely looking his
thirty years, and indeed, looking more
a gentle and reserved man Of peace
than fighting parson.
The general told how again and
again, fighting at st. Eloi under
murderous fire, Mellish had risked his
life to attend the wounded and bring
them to places of safety. Then there
was call of three cheers from the
troops and these were given with q
mighty roar.
AS already told in dispatches, Sec
ond Lieut.. Arnold Whitridge, Yale
1914, son of F. w. Whitridge of New
York, was among those receiving the
military cross for gallantry in con-
tinuing to direct the fire of his battery
in the face of some Of the hottest
fighting recently experienced, and
with the enemy trenches but q few
hundred yards away.
Whitr1dge is one of a group Of
young American college men who
Joined the British artillery early in
the war.
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-06-16
In the Days Of Superstition.

The earliest record of a witch be-
ing burned to death is dated 1875, the
witch confessing that she fed her of.
spring the flesh of babies. At
Toulouse, in 1885, 60 persons were &C.
cused of being witches. eight Of
whom were burned and the others i'm.
prisoned for life. In 1924 Petronills
do Midia was burned at Kilkenny, Ire
land, by orders of the bishop of o.:
sorry. Some rs years later there were
Wholesale witch prosecutions at
Berne, Switzerland.
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-06-16
WAR BREAKS up
ENGLISH ESTATES
Owners Are Forced by High
Taxes to Dispose of
Their Holdings.
FARMERS ARE DOING WELL
Squfres Cannot Raise the Rents and
Cannot Live on Their Income In
Old StyIe-NewIy Rich
May Buy.

London.-"Country life In England
will undergo and is undergoing revo-
luton such as England has not wit
messed since the Norman conquest"
In these words Frank Hirst, editor OF
the Economist and one of the leading
authorities on economic subjects IN
England, summed up one of the most
striking effects of the war. What he
means is that the country gentlemen
of the old school are disappearing,
squeezed out by the high taxation, the
death duties, and killed off in many
instances in the service OF their coun"
try. Their places are being taken by
men who have grown rich in supplying
goods that are needed by Englands
immense armies, or who are making
tremendous profits out of the necessi-
ties of the people by taking advantage
of the conditions created by the war
what will happen to the stately
mansions of England after the war;"
Hr. Hirst asked. He answered his
question as follows:
"In Individual cases the answer de-
ponds on the investments OF the own
ers. A man who has invested In Bra
I'll or Mexico is in a specially sad way,
while the man who has put his money
in ships or coal is very fortunate in
deed. But on the whole the fate OF the
landed gentry and Of the country seats
depends on taxes.
Savings Swept Away
Takes have already risen high
enough to make it certain that most
large houses will be to let or for sale,
for most country people before the
war had places which fitted their In
come, with comfortable margin for
savings or special expenditure. Most
of them will have to move into smaller
houses If they can find tenants or pur-
chasers. The doubling and trebling OF
the income tax has swept away the
margin, and the higher the flood OF
taxation rises the fewer country seats
will remain unsubmerged.
"Evidently there will be wholesale
migration and country life will under
po a revolution such as England has
not witnessed since the Norman con-
quest. Some of the finest estates, ex-
meet. will be bought up by English and
American contractors who have made
fortunes out of the war office and the
ministry Of munitions. Others will per"
hans be cut up by the labor ministry
and parceled out among disbanded SOL
diers whose jobs are gone and for
whom no other employment can be
found.
"The present public expenditure OF
the government is supposed to be
about equal to the whole of the private
incomes of all the inhabitants OF the
United Kingdom. If Alfred the Great
had lived until now and had through
ont his long life of more than thou
sand years burned one Is (s25) note
of the Bank of England every hour OF