davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-20

Vast stores are said to have been
taken by the Russians before the Turks
could destroy
Uoe4 C+orae them. limitations
are that the cap
Reported Taken. lures in men will
reach 100000, but this seems hardly
likely. as the Turks and Germans had
ample means of escape from ErZerum.
The number of heavy guns captured. IT
is reported, amount to more than ii
thousand.
The Russian victory is complete. ac-
cording to all reports. Even Berlin
admits this. but declares that the Rus
sian losses in the most recent lighting
have been tremendous. There is no
reason to believe the Russians escaped
lightly because of the nature oil the
,u III p,id1ooo smu sul pun YoBllB
last hand-to- hand struggle.
With the Turks fleeing i'll All diTec-
lions as dispatches state, there are
two immediate possibilities open TO the
Russians. They may press on to
Trebizond. on the Black sea coast, and
there establish a base for operations
toward Constantinopie. on they may
pursue the main forces OF the retreat
ing Turks toward SOFAS. which is 23o
miles 10 the west Oh FbTZeFuH, OF tileS
NAV do both. Either of the two posi-
tions, If taken by the Russians, could
be used to an advantage as bases for
the future domination OF the near east
regions.
Should Grand Duke Nicholas. how
ever desire to press on to CONSTANT
nople, the possibility of which has
been strongly limited from Petrograd
II is considered that the establishment
of the TrebiZond base would be the
dx-.ar IA fro mil far I
and strategical standpoint. The Rus
sian fleet now is said to dominate the
Black sea. only last weeks reports
being received of the silencing of sew
eral Turkish batteries at this point by
war vessels. Continued successful
operations OF the fleet. in conjunction
with land forces. who already are re-
ported at Baiburt. seventy-iiye miles
northwest of ErZerum and on the road
to Trebizond. would make the capture
of this Black sea port comparatively
easy. Then it would be possible for
the Russians to move large supplies of
MUNITIONS and military stores from
their own soil directly across the Black
sea. The transportation OF such stores
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-20
NEAR EAST AND AFRICA.
Chronological Events.
SUNDAY.

l.
Turks report sever, defeat for the
British in battle near Koina, on the
Nesopotamia front: 1000 British re-
ported lost.
Kut-elAmara bombarded by Turkish
fiers.
Large Turkish forces moved to near
east regions.
MONDAY
British reported badly defeated near
Alden. Arabia, and near Meyale.
Russians report capture of one fort
at ErZerum.
TUESDAY,
Capture of Erzerum by the Russians
is reported.
WEDNESDAY.
Petrograd announces taking of gar
rison of 100000 and more than 900
guns at Erzerum. Turks reported to
be fleeing before the Russians.
THURSDAY
Russian forces reported to have
reached Baiburt. seventy-five miles
northwest of Erzerum. on way to
Mutiny Of Hindoo troops in Egypt re-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-20
Storm Delays German kilograms.

AMSTERDAM. February 10, via Lon.
don, 1905 p.m.-Thousands OF teis-
grams from Germany have been delay.
ed twenty-four to forty-eight hours on
account of damage to land wires by the
storm in northern Holland. Many Ut
these kilograms have reached Ams.er.
dam by mail and are now being dig
tributed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-20
NEAT EXPECTED TO BE LUXURY
FOR EUROPE AFTER THE WAR
Belligerents Have Lost Heavily in Animals
Through Overconsumption and Capture,
and 1t Will Take Decade to Replenish.

Correspondence 0. the Associated Press
VIENNA, January 31.-None too plenti :
full before the war. meat is likely to
become real luxury in Europe after
peace is declared and remain so for a
considerable time, until stock breeding
has progressed on an immense scale.
The central power group believes it
will find itself better off than the en-
tente group in this respect. but both
groups will certainly find it serious
problem. At the expiration of two
years of warfare-which period will
entente powers will be short $4,000
head OF meat animals, while the CEN
trail group. owing to the territories oc-
cupied by their armies. would In that
time lose only 100000 head through
overconsumption due to the war.
Commenting upon the situation, the
Paris Revue des Deux Mondes points
out that France lost 20 per cent OF its
meat animal stock by the OCCUPATION
France lost through this 100000
horned cattle. 14.s04,31o sheep and
s14.S19 pigs. This means. says the
periodical, that France is deprived OF
an annual meat, production of 4l1,00O
tons.
The live stock of Belgium also was
lost by the entente, this being est
mated to amount to about 2,ooo.ooJ
more than 1000, 900 pigs. Germany
gained thus the meat production OF
roundly 100000 animals in the west
ern theater alone.
Russia Saved Much of Hers.
Though the Russians saved much of
their live stock in Poland and the in
vaded Russian provinces, nearly 40,
100000 meat animals fell in the hands
Of the Germans and AustrO-Huh.
garians. Against this must be charged
the losses sustained by the central
powers in Galicia and East Prussia.
said to amount to about 100000 head,
because in East Prussia much OF the
the Galician live stock had already
been drawn on heavily by the Austro-
Hungarian troops.
The live stock found in Serbia is es..
timated at about 100000 head OF
meat animals, SO that the central pow
ers have in their favor a balance or
about 100000 animals. This means
meat production of roundly 100000
tons per year.
This cannot be looked upon as an
increase altogether of the central pow
ers' food supply. In the territories
from which this live stock comes lives
population Of about 35.ooo.ooo. whose
wants must be met of course. Never
theless. the meat production of the ter,
ritories occupied by the German and
Austro Hungarian troops being some
3s.21S, 100000 pounds annually. which
is 1892 pounds per capita, a large sur
plus is left for the occupying troops.
A daily meat ration of eight ounces for
each inhabitant of the districts held
would place at the disposal of the Ger
mans and Austro- Hungarians 2O.70O,-
008. 600 pounds per year. Even in view
of the fact that the meat consumption
of the central powers armies Is 456
pounds for each man a year. this guam
tity would go, far toward maintaining
the men. In the field
That pork and pork fats are hard
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-20

ported by Berlin Khedive reported
disconnected and change is said to be
planned by British.
Turks report killing of 5000 Rus
slams in three-day battle in the eau
caSuS
FRIDAY.
Russians reported to be- pursuing
Turks fleeing from Erzerum and an
initiating Moslem rear guards.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-20
VESSELS FROM BALTIMORE
ARE SEIZED BY BRITISH

LONDON, February Il delayed by
censo-). The Norwegian steamer
Fordalen, Baltimore, January %, for
Gothenburg. and the Danish steamship
Tyskland. Baltimore. January %. for
Esbjerg. each carrying cargo of
maize, have been taken into Eir 81
by the British authorities for exam
nation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-20

with Difference. but severely.
You should have told at once.
| sir. he said. that you were carrying
dispatches. II you'd only shown your
credentials. we'd had you safe on board
to whours ago
The kings messenger blushed guilt
/ ilN He looked as though he wanted to
Don't tell me- l cried. you've lost Il
your credentials. too
Don't be an ass" cried the X. NJ. 8
I've mislaid them, that's all" =.
The detective glared at him as though
he would enjoy leading him to the
moat in the Tower.
They've been stolen he gasped.
Have you looked ] asked "in the ,
unlikely places"
Il always look there first" explained
the K NJ ~
Look again." urged the detective
lnhappily. the X. NJ. put his hand in
ms inside coat pocket, and with intense =
surprise. as though he had performed a,
a conjuring trick. produced a paper
That creaked and crinkled. .,-'
| That's it, he cried.
You come with me- commanded
Scotland Yard, before you lose 1t ~
again.
Meets an Old Friend. ST.
! Two nights later between the acts ara
a theater l met a young old friend. - 7
To my surprise, knowing he was never m
Stacker, he was not in khaki, but in =
white waistcoat and lawn tie and tail .
coat He looked as though he had Oh
his hand nothing more serious than
money and time. ] complained that We 81.
mad not met since the war ..,
It's a chance, our meeting tonight"
he said, for ! start for Cairo in the
morning. 1 left the Dardanelles last
Wednesday and arrived here only this 'a
, morning. ::
Wednesday," 1 exclaimed How
could you do it?'
! Torpedo boat from Moudros to
Malta" he explained, transport to
Marseille troop train to Calais and -
there our people shot me across the :.
| channel on hospital ship. Then got :,
a special to town"
you are swell!" I gasped. What's
your rank" 'ns
Captain. --,s
That did not explain it. :.
What's your job?''
Kings messenger"
1t was not yet $3.50. The anti-t-eat.
ing law would not let me give him
drink. but led him to where one was
! For he had restored my faith. He had
replaced on his pedestal my favorite
character in fiction.
Copyright 1916. by Richard H'rd:nS DayisD .
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-20
ing such as has been going on for the
past fortnight

ing such as has been going on for the
past fortnight.
German operations have extended
practically over the whole western
front and more
Renewed Effort of determined effort
to break through
Germans Likely. the allies. posi-
tions may be expected shortly. Euro
pean experts, however. express conf
dence that the Germans will fail.
Operations in the eastern arena and
in the Balkans practically have come
to a standstiN during recent days, the
fighting being of a mild character. The
Austrian and Bulgarian forces operat-
ing in Albania are declared to nave
effected a junction and are said to be
in contact with the Montenegrin. Ser
bian and Italian forces at Durazzo,
where the allied forces have chleny
concentrated.
Reports again have been revived that
Rumania is to enter the conflict In
March to assist the entente powers IL
is declared that Immediately upon her
announcement the allies will begin an
advance from Saloniki with the inten-
ton Of pressing the Bulgarian and Ger
man forces out of Serbia.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-20
Entire Leonard Estate Left Wife.

The will of Michael c. Leonard. dated
August 5. 1902. has been offered for
probate. He leaves his entire estate
to his wife, Elizabeth r. Leonard. with
the request that she give $500 to his
brother, Patrick Leonard. should the
latter ever return to Washington.
Samuel H Walker is named Is sxscu-
tor.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-20
WOMEN OF LONDON NOW SUCCESSFULLY
FILLING NEARLY ALL POSITIONS FORMERLY
HELD BY MEN WHO HAVE GONE TO WAR
Men Will Have Hard Time Refusing Them the Vote in Vie.
of Showing Made in Time of Stress-Two Examples
of Activities of the Kings Messengers.
By RICHARD HARDING DAVIS.

\ J field
m C with a
nd a If item miles re
from the ronas Montreal hn nmv her have ff front
oft eenemy'a rshp shavev he tina seems atofh
yea fc o his y II
MI o f O scarlet at
lmpha kenet it
Nor have
nt in London a note
oft tina.
knows.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-20
= EASTERN ARENA.

General quiet has prevailed all along
the great eastern battle line during the
greater part of the past week. opera
tions here being of the minor char
acter. A resumption of hostilities, how
ever, is indicated by the latest official
statements from Petrograd and Vienna.
The Russians report repulse of a Ger
man attack at Garbunovka. in the
Dvinsk sector, and an Austrian ad-
vance near Uscieczko, on the Dniester,
in Galicia.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-20
Russian Success Menaces
German Plan of Dominating
Mohammedan Regions.
MAY FORESTALL DRIVE
UPON suEz CANAL
Seizure of Turkish Base Also Ex-
pected to Relieve Pressure on
British at Kut-el-Amara.
BY OLIVER OWEN KUHN.

Led by military genius, the war s
greatest master of strategy. Grand
Duke Nicholas. Russian hordes defiant
to zero weather and snow-choked
mountain passes have swept down
through the Caucasus and performed
what was considered an impossible
feat-captured the great Turkish
stronghold of Erzerum. The Moslem
forces have been scattered in all di-
rections. The Russians are pursuing
them and inf1icting' dire vengeance.
Slav hosts are pressing on to the por-
tails of Trebizond to secure the great
gateway from Asia to Europe. The
situation is marked by many POSSIBLE
tiles and fraught with the gravest
danger to German plans in the near
east. The allied capitals are rejoicing.
Among the several things possible in
eastern Asiatic Turkey, not the least
of these is the menace to CONSTANT
nople itself. Developments may be ex-
pected to take a turn in any direction.
German plans to invade Egypt may
be delayed, owing to the necessity of
using the greater part of the Turkish
armies to forestall further successes
by the Russians.
Grand Duke Nicholas may press on to
Trebizond, establish 4 base for sup
plies and push toward Constantinople.
One branch of the Russian army may
be sent to pursue and infiict further
punishment on the Turkish armies
fleeing in the direction of Sivas.
With the fall of Erzerum. their chief
base for operations both in the eau
casus and Mesopotamia, the Turks may
be forced to withdraw from the region
OF Kut-el-Amara. thereby relieving the
British. who are seriously menaced in
that region.
German plans for the complete domi-
nation of Persia. Arabia and Moham-
medan regions may be nulled owing
to the moral effect the Russian victory
will have on the tribesmen who were
relied upon by the Teutons to lend
material military assistance.
By further conquest of Armenian re-
gions the massacres which have pre-
vailed there since the earliest period
Of the war may be permanently
checked.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-20

new forts erected and to have Installed
several hundred new krupp guns. These
preparations seem to have been in antici-
patton of the very thing that happened,
decisive defeat of the Turks in the Arasa
and mid valleys Here the grand duke
and his Russian armies. inflicted such
tremendous losses on the Turks and so
disorganized their armies that they fell
back on the stronghold at Erzerum. The
Russians. following up their advantage.
Immediately began to surround the
fortress. The German commanders.
with a force of men variously estimat
refuge within the fortress. A relief
expedition was sent out by the Turks
to counteract the Russian gains and if
possible lend aid to the beleagured
troops at ErZerum. This was decisive
Iy defeated by the Russians more than
5000 Moslems being reported killed in
this engagement. Realizing the Russian
menace full well. Turkey is said to
have sent even further large reinforce
ments. Everything was made ready for
resistance to the grand duke
at ErZerum. In addition to the eStab
.lishment of new forts. and new guns,
the trenches We're dug well within the
line of Notifications to be used in the
final stand of the Turko-German forces
defending this point. Turks made sew
eral advances in other sections of the
near east regions in the hope of dis
tracing the attention of the Russians.
The SlavS after more than a months
wait under the guns of Erzerum, began
the assault.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-20
Victory Is Most
Spectacular of War.

their operations in the Caucasus re-
gion. confined themselves to desultory
fighting. The German threat in the
near east became more apparent, and
consequently successful operations in
this section at once became essential
from the allied standpoint. British
forces were dispatched to the Tigris,
pushed to Kut-el-Amara and then set
out for the conquest of Bagdad. Re-
verses were met. Grand Duke Mich
olas. who had just conducted master
" retreat for the main Russian armies
on the eastern battle line. was removed
from the command of the Russian
forces in that region and dispatched
to the Caucasus. 1t was believed that
the move was for political reasons,
the popularity of the Grand Duke with
the people and a certain faction OF
the government having increased by
leaps and bounds from the time the
war broke out up until the time he
was removed. However. there always
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-20
BRITISH STEAMER ON REEF.
Passengers Reported to Have Been
Landed on African Shore.

LONDON, February 10, 12:41 pm
The British steamship Comrie Castle
is ashore on a reef off Mombasa, Brit
ish East Africa. Her passengers have
been landed.
The Comrie Castle was last reported
at Marseille January 10. She is a
5,173-ton vessel owned by the Union
Castle Mail Steamship Company of
London. She was built In 1908 AT
glasgow.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-20
COMMITTED at Kings Request.

PARIS. February 10. 1876 AIM
Dispatches from Madrid say that as
the result of intercession by King Al
fonso of Spain the Emperor of Russia
has committed the sentence of death
passed on German admiral named
Won Mauler to one of imprisonment.
German naval records make no mem
ton of an Admiral Won Maule-, nor
has any report been received here OF
the imposing of the death sentence by
Russian authorities on a German adj
miral.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-20
Junction With
British Is Possible.

from ErZeruH,
Junction With the successful
British Is Possible. s,an. - s,, F"
would be an almost superhuman feat,
owing to the difficult character of the
country over which the Russians would
be forced to progress, there remain
further possibilities i'll the present sit
uatlon. 1t is believed practically certain
that since the Turks have been routed
from their strongest positions, the
Slavs will attempt to effect a junction
with the British in the Kut-el-Amara
regions. $50 miles away. This task
would not be so difficult from a mill
tary standpoint. even though the dis
lance be great. The much desired wall
between the realm of Turkish and Ger
man influence and the British and Rus
sian Asiatic regions would be effective
ly drawn by such union.
1t must not be believed, however
that the Russians will be able to move
almost at will without the stoutest re-
sistance from the Turkish forces un-
der the domination of German leaders.
There is every indication that. with the
reinforcements which are being sent
by Turkey and Germany to the east.
most desperate resistance will be met
by the Grand Duke Nicholas in further
cdTTNlnS out his plans.
Field Marshal Won der Goltz and
Field Marshal Won Sanders are two of
the shrewdest military leaders Ger
m@ny ever has produced. and they may
be counted on to employ every ounce
of military strength and cunning in
successfully combating the enemy.
which. as has been stated. has struck
a great blow in undermining German
influence in the near east: 1t is be-
which. it is declared, has been assem-
bled under Field Marshal Djemal
Pasha at Alexandretta. A1eppo and
HONS for the drive on the Suez canal
and Egypt now will be largely diverted
to combat the onrushing Slavs. Large
Turkish forces which were removed
from the Dardanelles likely will be
dispatched to the near east, and it is
possible, if the situation becomes more
critical. Turkish forces operating in
the Balkans will be withdrawn.
While all is going we'll with the
Russian cause, this is not the case with
the British in the
Rr;+ich Moot Mesopotamia re-
sions and in Per-
With Difficulties. sia The forces of
Gen. Aylmer. pushing toward the relief
of Kut-el-Amara. are said to have been
attacked by the Turks and routed near
Korna British cavalry forces have
been put to flight under strenuous
Moslem attack near Meyale, while
Turks marching on the British port Of
Alden. in Arabia, are declared to have
inflicted severe defeat on the enemy.
forcing the British to fall back under
the guns of their warships.
While the British are meeting trouble
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-20

There never were mistaken ideas about
his objective. He aimed at Erzerum. that
important cita-
Never a Doubt del. located more
A.. than 5000 feet
- W 1As VoJeSsA's' above the sea,
and considered by Turkish and German
commanders vital well az impregnable.
The line of forts to the east Of Erzerum.
twenty-four miles in length. gave promise
of permanently checking the oncoming
Russians. Field Marshal Won der Goltz
and Field Marshal Won Sanders. both emf
nent German strategists. who were sent
to the near east to prepare for all opera
tons in that region, are said to have had
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-20

In addition to the possible Russian
drive toward Constantinople, SIS miles
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-20
Tickets Can Be Lost.

told him the story of the drunken
bandsman returning from the picnic.
You can't have lost your ticket!' said
the guard
Cant II" exclaimed the babndsman.
I've lost the bass
drum"
Scotland Yard reproved the K N.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-20
Assault Begun
After Wait of Month.

bombarded the Turkish right and left
wings. Believing that the Russians in
tended to bring about flank movement
to the right. a large part of the defend
ing forces, it is sad, were moved to this
section. Then Grand Duke Nicholas
ordered his men to assault the center
of the line. The Turkish left was be-
ing well cared for by the Russians,
couple of forts falling in this region
under the Slav assau lts. Thirty-six-
hour bardment. on the central posi-
tions of the Turks is declared to have
forced the fall of at least nine of the
forts. According to advices the Russian
artillery was slightly handicapped by
the lack of munitions, but. undeterred.
the Slavs launched one of the most
deadly infantry assaults of the pres
ent war The Siberian soldiers who
had so we'll withstood the rigors of
the winter campaign in the mountains
swept through the defles made by the
artillery preparation. They came to
grips with the Turkish forces within
the trenches and by the sheer weight
of bayonet power and hand -to-hand
fighting forced the Turks back. TWEEN
clared to have been killed in the desper-
ate fighting waged for a period of five
DAYS The Slavs vertically hewed their
way through the enemy. The Turks.
probably realizing the futility of fur
Their resistance at this point. began
their precipitate retirement in all direc
tions. The stronghold was in Russian
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-20

Vast stores are said to have been
taken by the Russians before the Turks
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-20

hands and in message to the car the
grand duke announced the victory
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-20

The victory at ErZerum probably is
the most spectacular of any during the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-20

While all is going we'll with the
Russian cause, this is not the case with
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-03-11

ITO Germany's explanation that the policy
l Of torpedoing without warning ALI enemy
merchantmen armed for defense is measure
of reprisa for allied violations Of inter
national law. il is quite sufficient answer.
far this government is concerned to
say that reprisalS may not lawfully be in
hictcd neutrals.
Reprsals in their very nature extra
legal The rules OF civilized warfare justify
them only in exceptional and strictly limited
cases. That the killing OF American citizens
on the Lusitania. the destruction Of which
vessel is held by Germany TO have been an
act OF rcprisa. was illegal. Germany has in
effect admitted. Other rcprisals by which
Americans arc slain, will be equally illegal
Germany must confne her warfare to her
enemies. unless she wishes to add to their
number. With British violations of law
which affect rs, VIC know we'll how TO deal
And We know how to deal with German viola
lions well.