davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The labor advocate. [volume] (Cincinnati, Ohio) 1912-1937, 1916-04-22

lStration, while the last was recon-
mendcd by eight OF the nine members
OF the immigration Commission as the
best single method OF restriction. 1t
would exclude about one-third.
"Thc opposition to restriction is
sentimental, or superficial, or selfish
The sentimentalists want America to
be kept haven for the oppressed, but
charity begins at home. and we want to
keep it genuine haven, instead OF de-
keep it an example OF genuine democ-
racy and of better distribution of
wealth than exists in Europe Thus we
can serve humanity better than by en-
abling comparatively small proportion
of the oppressed OF Europe to better
their condition very slightly.
"The superficial objectors find fault
with the literacy test because it does
not guarantee character. something
that it was not meant to do. 1t is pri-
marily a method of affecting quantity,
not quality. Others denounce it as the
outcome of bigotry, but this factor is
relatively unimportant in the move
ment; besides. the device ought to be
Judged on its merits. 1t is regrettable
that Catholics will not consider more
the economic argument for restriction
Others object that the country needs to
be developed. Ii that means that a
large group will be worse off than be-
fore, the objection is baseess. All the
rough work generally done by unskiled
foreigners would be done by Americans
il they were paid sufficient wages. The
immigration Commission declared
there is a constant ovcrsupply OF un-
skilled labor.
"The selfish persons are those who
wish to increase production and profits
through cheap labor. at less than liv-
ing wages. They would prefer Chinese
and Japanese laborers ii they could get
them. They do not deserve seriou,
consideration
The labor advocate. [volume] (Cincinnati, Ohio) 1912-1937, 1916-04-22
Cleric Economist Fauors
immigration Bill; Says Opponents
Are Selfish and Sentimental

Washington, d. C.-Rev. John A.
Ryan, D. D., formerly of Minnesota,
but now professor OF economics, Catho-
lie University, this city, has declared
in favor of the Burnett immigration
bill. If this legislation is adopted by
Congress, he says, 1--WE shall have suf-
ficient legislation to improve the quail
ity, provide for assimilation and protect
the standard of life that is required for
decent living"
Rev. Ryan's statement, which in
cludes history OF immigration legis-
lation, has been published by the Week
ly Press Service OF the Social Service
Commission, American Federation OF
Catholic Societies, and is, in part as
follows:
"The lowered standard OF living is
the main justification for restriction,
and it is probably the reason behind the
greater part of the agitation. Between
two-thirds and four-ffths of the adult
males of the country receive less than
$3.50 year, and real wages have de-
clined from 10 to Is per cent since 1890
The great ma ority OF the new immi-
grants go into the unskilled industries,
thereby overstocking the market for
that kind of labor, and bringing down
wages. They do not become farmers, as
so considerably occurred with the old
immigration. The supply of unskilled
labor should be reduced. The immi-
grafton Commission was unanimous on
this point.
"Among methods OF restriction sug-
gested are The requirement OF a con-
tract enabling the immigrant to com
mand living wages: the restriction of
the arrivals from any country to a
certain per cent OF the average cmigra-
ton from that country during the pre-
ceding period OF ten years: the division
of the immigration countries in groups,
and the granting OF the privilege OF
sending immigrants to only one group
in one year; and, the literacy test
The first three are difficult OF admin
The labor advocate. [volume] (Cincinnati, Ohio) 1912-1937, 1916-04-22
SELF EDUCATION
Is Better Than That Received From
Your Teacher.

Every man who rises above the COM
mon level has received two educations,"
says Gibbon. the first from his teach
crs, the second from himself
Upon a thorough investigation it will
be found that, practically without excep-
ton, it has been this second education
that is the personally acquired one
which alone has possessed the real lift
ing power. Moreover, we shall find that
there are powerful physical and psyche
logical factors behind these facts fac
tors at least very similar to, if not COM
pletely identical with, those which we
find constantly operating in all the It's
sues of all organisms, whether it be in
the gum and teeth, the heart, or other
organs of man.
We shall find, too, that this keen in
sight and observation of Gibbons rests
on perfectly sound and fundamental BIZ
illogical law; namely, that every organ
ism must abide by its own functions and
be that what it may. Arbitrary interfer-
ence with functions inevitably tends to
destroy them, because functions and
structures are correlative only-neither
being able to exist in the absence of the
other
In the first place this primary educa-
ton represents something which is in the
nature of a gift; something that is done
for the individual, too often in direct
opposition to his real desires and in re-
turn for which necessarily no really ade-
quate compensatory adjustments are
achieved. Under these conditions it is
perfectly obvious that there is failure
to function, and this tends to defeat its
purpose, for the reason that it contrib
utes toward an atrophy OF the reaction
actually sought for.
The education acquired by oneself has
proven to be the most benefcient, be-
cause in its acquisition the individual fol-
lowed his desires, and consequently there
was normal functioning of organisms
both physical and mental 1t is only by
this process that the highest development
can be attained. This is proven by the
achievement of some of the greatest men
in history who became great only after
a period of self-education.-United Mine
Workers Journal.
The labor advocate. [volume] (Cincinnati, Ohio) 1912-1937, 1916-04-22
CONSTITUTIONALITY OF LAW
Limiting Hours of Labor To Ten
Hours, Taken Under Advisement.

Washington.-The Supreme Court re-
Gently took under advisement at the con-
clusion OF oral arguments the constitu-
tionality of the Oregon law limiting the
hours of labor of men in mills, factor
les and manufacturing establishments to
10 hours day at regular wages or at
13 hours with time and a half for the
additional three hours.
The statute, the first of the kind ever
brought before the Court is being tested
in the case of Frank Bunting, mill en-
ployee convicted of violating it, His
counsel, W. Lair Thompson, attacked
the law chiefly on the ground that it was
an increased wage rather than health
measure.
The statute was defended both as ne
cessary for the health of the citizens and
as required to enable workmen to per-
form their duties to the State, particu-
larly under the initiative and referendum
system of legislation. Attorney-G General
George NJ. Brown. of Oregon, and Felix
Frankfurter, of Boston, argued in sup
port of the validity of the law.
The labor advocate. [volume] (Cincinnati, Ohio) 1912-1937, 1916-04-22
URGE INCREASED WAGES.

Washington. - Increased wages for
charwomen and laborers in the custo-
dian service of the Government was urg-
ed by Secretary Flaherty of the National
Federation of Postoffice Clerks and
President Answorth of the a. +. of l..
Federal Labor Union of Civil Service
Employees of San Francisco, before the
house committee on appropriations. The
unionists asked that each of the S52 char
women, who now receive $500 yearly, be
increased SO monthly, and that an $50
yearly minimum be established for GUS
todian laborerS and janitors There are
5000 employees in the custodian service
now receiving less than $50. 1t was
stated that the government was most
liberal in fitting up federal buildings
with ornamental doors and expensive
furnishings while employees doing the
humber tasks are neglected
The labor advocate. [volume] (Cincinnati, Ohio) 1912-1937, 1916-04-22
BIG WAGE INCREA Sc
Granted by Three Steel Concerns at
YoungstOwn-AnO Hinted.

Youngstown. Ohio.-President James
\. Campbell, OF the Youngstown Sheet
and Tube Company, announced gen
eral ten-per-ccnt increase in wages OF
all employees, excepting those on sal
aries, effective May i. Nine thousand
men will benefit
President Campbell said that bonus
which had been promised employees
would not be affected by the wage raise,
provided there was sufficient profit at
the end of the year to make its payment
possible. He said the increased cost OF
living had made it necessary to give the
steelworkers more money.
Later in the day President w. \.
Thomas. Of the Brier Hill Steel Com
pany, and J. w. Detrick, general man
ager OF the Republican Iron and Steel
Company, made announcement that a
ten-per-cent increase in wages would be
granted employees of these two COM
panies The Brier Hill Company en-
ploys about 5000 men and the Republic
Company 1000. 1t is understood here
that the Carnegie Steel Company, sub
sidary OF the United States Steel Cor
poration, will make similar announce
| nent
The labor advocate. [volume] (Cincinnati, Ohio) 1912-1937, 1916-04-22
BIG PLANT CLOSED
when Strikers Stone Building and
Battle With Deputy Shcriffs.

Hastings on Hudson, n. Y.-The plant
of the National Conduit and Gable COM
pany was closed recently after striking
employees and their sympathizers had
stoned the factory buildings and battled
with Deputy Sheriffs few hours earlier.
About 900 men who had remained at
work will be thrown out of employment.
The village authorities are in charge of
the situation.
Officers of the company, which en-
ploys between $500 and 5000 persons,
announced tonight after conference
with members of the State Board of
Mediation and village and county Of
iicials that the plant would remain closed
indefinitely or until the strikers agreed
to accept a compromise offer.
The labor advocate. [volume] (Cincinnati, Ohio) 1912-1937, 1916-04-22
BLIND WORKERS "STRIKE"
BrOOmmakerS Demand Steady En-
pIOymcnt and New Foreman.

Five blind broommakers, who are on
strike at the Cincinnati workshop for the
blind, 1906 Bremen street, said recently
they were demanding steady employ
ment new foreman and reinstatement
of one of their workmen who was told
not to come back to work. The men,
who are paid by piece work, said they
are supposed to work nine hours day,
but during the last four years have lost
a number OF hours day by being laid
off or have been forced to sit idly in
the shop because the sorters. whom they
call the seeing persons" did not give
them material.
Under the present conditions they
said they have been able to make only
$50 week. whereas il they were
given steady employment for nine hours
a day they would earn at least So a
week. They said they became sick and
tired of the treatment and went on
strike Monday morning, when they re-
ported for work at o'clock and were
ordered to start to work at Q.
The blind men said they highly appre--
ciated the generosity of the Cincinnati
public, who through their donations have
provided for the upkeep of the institu--
ton, and thought that the shop should
be run for the benefit of the blind only.
There are eight blind broommakers en-
ployed at the shop,
The labor advocate. [volume] (Cincinnati, Ohio) 1912-1937, 1916-04-22
NEWS FROM FALL RIVER.

Fall River, Aass.-The Carpenters
District Council and a committee from
the Builders Association is comforting
on a new wage scale.
Painters and decorators will ask for a
wage increase to - cents an hour. Re
fusal to grant this increase caused a
strike. two years ago, which was never
officially declared off These workers
have strengthened their union and de-
clare the new rate must take effect
May l.
Striking iron molders employed at the
Kilburn-Lincoln plant are standing firm
in their demand for wage rates con-
ceded by other employers.
The labor advocate. [volume] (Cincinnati, Ohio) 1912-1937, 1916-04-22
BREWERS GRANT BOOST.

St. Louis. Mo-Wage increases have
been granted to 1000 or 1000 brewery
employees here, it was learned. as re-
suit of negotiations between the brew
ers and the allied brewing unions. The
amount OF the wage increase was not an
nOunced
The labor advocate. [volume] (Cincinnati, Ohio) 1912-1937, 1916-04-22
GET EIGHT-HOUR DAY.

Alliance, Ohio-Notice was posted
in the Alliance Machine Company shops
that beginning May l all machinists
would be put on an eight-hour basis
with wages 50 cents an hour. This is an
increase of 10 per cent: 50 extra ma
chinists will be needed to man the shops
as result of the readjustment OF hours.
The labor advocate. [volume] (Cincinnati, Ohio) 1912-1937, 1916-04-22
REST LAW INTACT.

Albany, n Y.-An attempt to amend
the e-day-of-rest-in-seven law by eN-
empting creameries and other industries
of a similar nature from its provisions
has been defeated by the State assembly.
The labor advocate. [volume] (Cincinnati, Ohio) 1912-1937, 1916-04-22
GAINS by BREWERY WORKERS

La Crosse, Wis.-The Brewery Work
ers Union has increased wages $l.50 a
week and secured improved working
conditions
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-07-21
QUESTION PREACHERS
SANITY IN WILL CASE
Witnesses Say The Rev. T. F.
Clark Acted Oueerly.

The final arguments in the contest
Of the estate of the Rev. T. F. Clark,
archeologist and late pastor Of the
Methodist Church at Richmond Hill,
were presented yesterday TO Surrogate
Noble, of Queens, who reserved de-
cision.
Many witnesses we're called by the
contestant, Mrs. Grace NJ. Johnson, Of
Westfeld. y. j.. a daughter of Clark
by his first marriage, 20 show that he
was lacking in competency at the time
ne made his will in 1912.
The bulk of DR.. Clark's estate, which
was appraised at about $4,000, WIS
left to his third wife, Mrs. Jennie VI.
ClarH the bequest including curios and
objects of historical value accumulated
by DR.. Clark.
DR.. Edward Hicks, an alienist, ex-
pressed his opinion at the conclusion
of the trial yesterday that from the
wear 1884 until the time Of his death
he regarded DR.. Clark as victim OF
progressive paranoia.
DR.. Samuel Browt, medical examiner
for a life insurance company and a
friend Of the minister, testified that as
far back as 1883 when he first met DR..
Clark the latter was accustomed TO
act in unconventional manner.
Mrs. Eva Gould, who attended the
church in Syracuse over which DR.:
Clark presided, testified that he had
frequently worked in his garden
dressed in nightgown.
F.. R. Volume, represented Mrs.
Clark in the contest, and Harold u.
Aron was counsel for Mrs. Johnson.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-07-21
FINDS NONE TO BLAME
FOR DEADLY ACCIDENT
Brooklyn Coroner Acts on Ex-
plosiOn Which Killed Five.

No evidence was produced before
Coroner Ernest c. Wagner that would
fix responsibility for the explosion OF
an ammonia refrigerating plant in a
building on Sumner Avenue, Brooklyn,
he said last night, following expert
testimony at the hearing yesterday.
IL find that the accident which cost
the lives of five persons a week ago,
including Martin Schmidt, the owner
of the butcher shop, was due 70 the ex-
plosion of the refrigerating plant, and
there is no evidence by which we can
lay blame on any person." said Coroner
Wagner. He did not impanel jury.
The principal witness heard was An
drew Lyons, Of 1876 Putnam Avenue,
who was in charge of the plant for sew
eral years, but was off duty the night
of the accident. He said he thought
the explosion was due to the water
not being turned on after the gas had
been burning for some time.
Edward +. Howe, assistant inspector
in the Bureau of Combustibles Of the
Fire Department, said he had inspected
the refrigersting plant which exploded,
and thought the machine was safe
proposition"
Another inspector, Paul Rohrberg,
said he had inspected the machine
after it exploded, and believed the ac-
cident was due TO an internal explo-
sion.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-07-21
Allies May Protest
Submarine Clearance

Washington, July 2O.-Althougn no
formal objection 10 the clearance Of
the German submarine Deutschland has
heen interposed in advance by the en-
bassies of the Allied nations, there
were indications tonight that after the
American government had granted
clearance papers the informal repre-
sensations MADE by the British and
French ambassadors might be supple
mented by more definite protest.
A merchant ship, it is held by Allled
Diplomats here, is presumed IN inter,
rational law to be so constructed ana
navioated that she plainly discloses
bor character, is capable OF BENG
stonped by warning shots across her
how and can be boarded for examina-
tion of her papers. These structures on
the merchant status Of the Deutscniahu'
connled with the declaration that SUP
marine operation in itself constitutes
an evidence of extra legal character
such as warships assume, are uhdeI-
stood TO be crystallizing at the bt.ti i.l
and French embassies into denhi'c
outline Of joint note OF protest loi
presentation to the State Department.
Reports that another German supha-
rine has been sighted near the Bananas
have heightened interest in the SUBJECT
among the Allied diplomats.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-07-21
DE MARCO KILLED
BY MYSTERIOUS 10
Continued from page I

was a sober, industrious workman. He
was employed as an elevator operator
by Brooklyn firm. The police believe
that he was drawn into Little Italy's
hidden politics, perhaps unknowingly,
through his friendship for De Marco.
IL was De Marcos name that brought
police on the jump. They have had an
eye on him for some time. ANY man
daring enough TO take the place of the
Galluccis is a potential storm centre.
Detectives said last night that for
months De Marco had not stirred with
out a bodyguard. IL is supposed that
lombard filled this position yesterday.
AS detectives familiar with the his
tory of the Galluccis. Zopo the Gimp
and the murder stable on East l0Sth
Street, reconstructed the scene, De
Marco had probably selected the James
Street house as far removed from the
dangerous territory farther uptown and
used il both as a meeting place, for
the men who were TO help him achieve
his ambition, and as an unsupported
den where they might gather and gam
Bile when no plots were in the air.
Deputy Commissioner Scull, in fact,
was inclined 10 believe that the whole
affair was the result OF a quarrel over
cards.
Detectives familiar with the trail Of
murders which marked the fight for the
hidden kingdom of Little Italy and its
treasury doubted that matter-of-fact
explanation. Their theory was strength
ened by the surprise evinced by other
tenants of the house that the rooms
should be in use in the daylight.
De Marco, accompanied BY his guard,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-07-21
100000 IN GOLD NAY
GO BACK ON SUBMARINE
Arrangements Under Way for
War Risk.
IBy Telegraph TO The Tribune

Baltimore, July 20.-Gold coin of the
Central Powers amounting to more than
100000 may be taken back to Germany
on the Deutschland if Paul G. l.. Hill
ken, American representative Of the
Ocean Navigation Company. of Bremen,
owners of the vessel, can make ar
rangements for the war risk. Mr.. Hill
ken was in Philadelphia to-day, and
while there it is believed he made ar
rangements with Philadelphia marine
underwater to take the insurance on
to 10 per cent war basis.
An official of the company said the
question of returning gold coin to the
Central Powers had been under discus
sion for some time, and that various
sums had been mentioned. Henry o..
Hilken, father of Paul Hilken and a
member of the firm, declared it was
possible that the gold would go on the
Bremen if arrangements could be made.
Several amounts have been mentioned,
but. according to NJ. Hilken, none
reached the 100000 mark, which was
reported from out of town.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-07-21
DECLARE STRIKE
ON PRUDENTIAL
Agents Act to Keep Thirty
of Their Number from
Losing Jobs.

The New Jersey and New York agents
of the Prudential Life Insurance Com
pany, in the first meeting last night OF
their newly organized union, voted a
conditional strike throughout the two
states, to begin next Monday. Seven
hundred men will answer the call.
Immediately after the news OF the
unions action had been wired 10 Phila-
delphia word came back that the Pru-
Dental agents in that city would inau-
gurate a sympathetic strike If the New
York and New Jersey agents walked
out
The strike vote-practically unan-
imous-was passed at the meeting IN
$50 Fulton Street, Brooklyn. II the
company carries out its threat TO dis
charge thirty agents who have incurred
official dispieasure the strike will i'm
mediately go into effect.
Behind the direct issue of the thirty
men. whose positions are doubtful,
there is the larger issue OF the COM
pany's action, announced June 3, COM
pelling agents not only 70 cover
policies which have lapsed with new
policies, for which no commissions are
new policies without commissions for
the paid-up and cash policies that are
surrendered. This rule, the agents
asserted last night, had all but beg
CARED them and was depriying them OF
an ordinary decent living.
Lest nights meeting was called TO
order by Harry Lumpkin, president Of
the new agents union. which has been
named the Prudential Agents Protec-
tive Association.
"The Prudential is afraid Of you,"
Charles Garfnkle, secretary of the
union. told the agents. I'VE have the
great mass of the policyholders with
US. Every policyholder now has a
vote, and If they want, they can change
the officers of the company. They have
never had say so far, but we can
make them have a say"
Lumpkin denied that the agents
union is in any way associated with
the |. w. ". The New York and New
Jersey agents believe their strike will
completely tie up the Prudentials bust
ness.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-07-21
RUSSIA TO SEEK
$l00,000,000 IN U. S.
Plans to Float Bond Issue on
Attractive Terms.
IRy Cable % The Tnhunc ]

London, July pa fnancier holding
high government position. who has
Just returned from Petrograd, told The
Tribune correspondent to-day that the
Russian government is about TO float
500, 900 bond issue in America on
attractive terms.
The issue will constitute the first ef-
fort of Russia TO Systematically attract
American capital, not merely by in
stancing the unlimited possibilities OF
III country, but by asking money for
definite enterprises which offer attrac-
tions as speculative investment. For
instance, instead of the Russian gov
eminent again completing a big deal
like the recent grain elevator purchases,
with its own capital, money will be in
vilcd from abroad.
The Tribune's informant states that
in spite of the war the country is unprec-
eGentedly prosperous, while the new
experiences which an insight into war
has given the peasants are likely to aid
Russia's future development.