davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-02-01
OBJECT TO WENDENBuRC
COMPENSATION BILL
Manufnctnrcrs Favor Adequate Leg
iSlation on This Subject Pro-
tcCting All Interests.
DISCUSS PENDING MEASURES
Levy Advocates Exemption of Stock
OF Corporations Which Pay Fran
elise Tax To Statc-Opposc Mini
mum Wage and Eight-Hour Laws.

Manufacturers desire q wo,liman's
compensation act which is fair and i'm
partial both to tho employees and to
the manufacturers, bat are opposed to
such u bill as that introduced by Sem
"tor WcndcnbUrt, which is pcndini, be-
fore the General Assembly. ;tccovdin:, To
c. IL. Levy, chairman of the executive
committee Of manufacturers. who spoke
last night before the Chamber of Conn
mcrce Legislative committee The
meeting was for tho purpose OF dis
cussins tho bills that arc pending be-
fore the General Assembly which will
affect tho business interests OF Rich
mond No action was taken bv the
committee.
Manufacturers are not opposed to
adequate compensation for employees"
continued Mr.. Levy, FOR II is becoming
more apparent every day that such
provisions should be made in tho State
law Knowing that such n law is nee
cssary and how vitality il affects the
industry of Virginia. believe that tho
subject should be given careful con-
siieration.
WOULD HAVE COMMISSION
TO STUDY WHOLE QUESTION
"A commission appointed by tho Gov
crncr should make "a careful study OF
the laws that are in operation in the
different States covering compensation.
The best features OF all the bills could
be picked out. All sides could be heard.
II is out of the question for a legs
lativc body sitting for Il few weeks
and considering hundreds Of bills TO
give the bill careful enough attention.
II am opposed TO the section In the
Wcndenburg bill which provides for an
Industrial act board. because there Is
no appeal from the decision OF the
board. Then, too. the clause which pro-
vidcs for minimum payment OF 50
week in case of injury. is bad fea-
ture. There arc boys or men who
would deliberately injure themselves
to get s. a week.
Then tho payment Of salaries 10 the
members OF the board is an unnecessary
tax on the citizens OF the state.
hope to sec tho Wcndenburg bill de-
fcated as it was defeated in 1874"
W. l.. Clack said that compensation
for employees was necessary. The fea
lures OF the Wcndenburg bill were per
niCiouS in more than one way. He be-
lievcd that the state should take charge
OF the insurance features and collect
small fee from the manufacturers OF
the state. The compensation act that
is in operation in Washington State
would be acceptable to him. He was,
however, opposed 10 the Wendcnburg
measure.
OPPOSES MINIMUM WAGE
AND EIGHT-HOUt LAW
MIR. Levy then spoke as he explained
IL as representative OF the American
Can Company, against Senate bill No.
l33 introduced by Mr.. Allen providing
for minimum wage of 81 day, and
the bill introduced by Mr. Cannon, pro-
vidinr for an eight hour day for en-
p!oyees OF mercantile and manufacture
ing establishments.
q
said, because they work hardship
on the Industries of the State. If
there was n Federal law II would be
different. Then ncighboring States
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-02-01

II "a bill introduced yesterday By
Senator Drcwry, of retsrsbrra. !" on
acted into law, n bureau OF settlements
viii bc operated In connection with INC
state Department OF Agriculture, This
bureau viii take care of immigrants
who desire To settle in NirgiuI&.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-02-01

The House Committee on Insurance
ahH bhnkinS VIII hold a public hearing
~ o'clock Monday afternoon on the
h!Ils introduced by Delegates Shumate
ana Stephenson designed to prevent in
surhnce companies from joining in an
agreement 10 maintain certain fixed
rates.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-01-04
UNDER SHERIDAN
DURING THE WAR
Was For Many Years Engineer Of the
City Water Works at Sa-
vannah, Illinois.

IL is the duty OF ~everyone 10 keep
themselves In good health. but II the
stomach is deranged it affects the
liver. kidneys and intestines. and Il is
impossible for these organs TO perform
their proper functions: the result is
Indigestion. dyspepsia, headaches. bill
~iousness, sleeplessness, lassitude.
pains in the back and sides, coated
tongue and a general rundown condi-
ton.
Many people are daily testifying to
the efficiency OF Plant Juice. Only
recently the following signed testimo-
NAL was received rom Mr.. Franklin
Larkin. who lived at Savannah. Ill.
and now Is in the National Soldiers
Home, Milwaukee. Wis, and who was
"a veteran in the Ninth New York
Cavalry. He stated:
i have been troubled with my stom.
ach for a great many years. My food
used 20 distress me after eating, caus
ing bloating and b%elching OF gas. l
was also restless and v and
did not sleep well at night. | was
troubled more or less with constipa-
ton, dizzy spells and headaches. l
had doctored for my troubles but did
not seem 10 get any relief. NY room
mate told me about Plant Juice and
how much good it had done for him
and | decided TO try IL. | can now
t%ruthfully say that 1t has cured me,
for l can nov digest my food: have
no more constipation or headaches.
| sleep all through the night now.
whereas before taking Plant Juice,
could hardly sleep any. / can rec
ommend Plant Juice to all stomach
sufferers"
Plant Juice is sold in Wheeling by
all druggists.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-01-04
Benwooh Rrnrt.t..

William McNann. who broke his arm
while playing football. sunday, Is i'm
proving.
This week n meeting OF IN. stockbois-
er5 OF the G~asolinc-On supply company
VII be held here when plans FOR re-
hrc viii be discussed.
WORK on account OF the Indictment
N'tL urr mas been suspended for several
Ererfru Sc
or ~ thihs met last eveuIug lu the Mo
Mc.hen building IN reEulur meeting.
councilman l.. = Morgan o. expected
20 arrive home thlH week from WIZ.
chester. Va. whore De has bsan lie
guest OF his mother
on Friday evening tho Union hI-r
basket ball team vIl ulay the Whr.I.
Inr .irN team on f.r local 0uUr tl4. r
sanders who tae been absent from no
CITY Cor % week IaH r.rlmcI rrIrt.r
fHr fN. game.
blazing Arrow Tribe SO 90 r...
proved order ~ HrHmrr VIII f... f.
regular meeting This evening
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-01-04

Misses Nell and Beatrice Mcconnell
left for Fairmont on Monday to take up
their work in the Normal after spending
the holidays az their home here.
ON Friday afternoon Miss Beulah sne-
dcker was hostess 60 the T.. ID. l.. Club
az her home at at Ollvet. Miss Helen
Garvin g. Ul
Miss Ruth McCombs. Miss Edna Nc
Cleary. Cecil Riggs and VIII Snedckef
have returned TO MorEantown 20 resume
their studies IN the University after
4rending the holidays at their homes
here.
J. D. ScuEowalt Of Wheeling. was VS.
Ting relatives here on sunday.
Miss Hazel Sonierman and Miss LII
liam snedeker OF at. Olivct. have return
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-01-04
Eaetorles Resumed.

The ompIOyes OF The United States
Stamping company. Fostoria Glass
company and the Wheeling Metal Man
ufacturing company and other plants
here resumed operations yesterday
morning after n shut down for the
New Years holidays. other business
in general which was suspended for
the occasion was resumed again yes.
terday morning.
School resumed following the an
nual midyear vacation. Reviews viii
be taken in OH branches and the *
aminations will be- taken previous 10
the second semester which starts Jan
uary Il
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-01-04
after a visit with friends and relatives

after a visit with friends and relatives
here.
Miss May Stidger has returned TO
her home at Cameron after a visit
with friends and relatives here.
Harry Postelwate has returned TO
his studies al Washington, Pa. after a
visit with friends here.
Justin Cox left yesterday for Chi
cago. H.. to resume HIS duties after
a visit with his parents on Second
street.
Mrs. j. \. Layfield has returned to
her home on Jefferson avenue after a
visit with friends az Akron. O.
Earl TaEg and Roy Woodward re-
turned TO Akron. o. yesterday to re-
sumo their studies after a visit with
their parents here.
Misses Mary and Hazel Woodruff re-
turned 20 Delaware. o.. yesterday to
resume their studies.
Miss Pauline RhoadCs has returned
to her home a. Butler. Pa. after a
visit with friends here.
Miss Mary Russell Of Fairmont. f.
spending several days here visiting
with friends and relatives.
Rev. J. n Criswel. pastor Of the
Baptist church. left last evening for
Loudenville. whore he viii conduct
a revival campaign.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-01-04

ed home after a visit with friends in
C~annonsburg.
All the schools in this vicinity .e.
sumed work on Monday after the Christ.
mas vacation.
Miss Ora Frazier OF shor Creek e.
visiting friends at Mt. Olivet.
Mrs. c. s. Helsley OF Martins Ferry 81,
a few days at the home OF Mr.
and Mrs. r. X. Ashton.
Mrs. r. c. Snedeker OF Bethlehem fl,
Ill.
Miss Nellie Kittle returned to Bethany
on Monday after spending the vacation
at her home here.
ID. NJ. Garvin and son Hadden, and @
W McCombs and son George. are visit
ing IN Morgantown.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-01-04
Get Hearing Today.

Eleven prominent young men OF this
city will be arraigned in police court
this morning before Mayor Evan G..
Roberts TO answer TO a charge of dis.
turbing the peace, preferred against
them by Officers Kidder and White.
The men were a~pprehended in the East
early yesterday morning, and were
raising considerable noise. according
TO the officers. They arranged to APP
pear for a hearing this morning.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-01-04
Y. M C. A. COMPANY FORMED.

NEW YORK. Jan. 3-One hundrct
members Of the East Side Branch OF tht
Young Mems Christian Association hnv,
enrolled in n company for military train.
Ing. 81 was announced today. 1ni- Of,
the first step In a plan initiated by this
branch 10 have the more than 300. 900
NJ. e.. a. member throughout the coun-
try formed into an army reserve.
The general plan for the reserve has
been passed uron by Major Genera
Leonard a. wood. commander Of the De
partment Of the East.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-01-04
Union Prayer Services.

The ministers and congregation or
tho churches hero have arranged 10
hold q series Of union services in the
church this wook Last evening the
s]oryeces we're held in tho Christian
church This evening the service VIII
be- held az the a.. ID church: Wcduor
day evening st the rirst so. D.. Thurs.
day evening off the Baptist church and
1n Friday evening lf tbo Presbyterian
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-01-04
BENWO0D


Yesterday morning all the schools in
Union district resumed after a ten-day
granted for the Christmas
holidays. But few absentees were re-
ported for the FIRST day. The second
semester will start on January Il. and
n number OF pupils from the eighth
grades Will be admitted to the high
school. The first semester examinations
are now being prepared and the schedule
will be within "A few days.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-01-04
A. g. Of NJ. Elects.

The local organization OF the Amer
lean Federation OF Musicians has elect
ed the following officers for the en-
suing year: J. r. Kimberly. president:
George Callahan. vice president: Didon
Riley. secretary; Joseph Garbesi. treas
urer: Floyd Martin. sergeant-at-arms;
Cecil Bonar. William Bryson, A. F..
Siverson. trustees; board of directors,
J.. +. Nudge, Lee Spencer. Carl Buz-
Yard. Hanson Garbesi and Thomas
Nudge.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-01-04
TO INVESTIGATE EP1DE1uo.

CHARLESTON. W. Va. Jan. $50.
the purpose Of learning the cause Of ~.
phoid fever at Piedmont. Mayo Tolman
state sanitary engineer will make an ga.
spection this week OF the water PLAN
there. After an inspection made a sho-.
time ago be advised several changes bon
the C~lorinating plant. but there has been
no abatement ln the typhoid epidcmi.
since. so the health department has been
advised
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-01-04
Mine suspends Operations.

The Panama mine Of the Ben Frank
lin Coal Company viii suspend opera
lions today on account OF the high wa
ter. The water covered the switch TO
the mine yesterday. and the b. & O.
a refused 10 run their trains
through the water 10 get cars TO the
mine. The mine will be put in opera
ton as soon as the water recedes.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-01-04
To Attend Meet

Mrs. Louis A. Bennett. of Weston, is
in the city and 5 stopping at the New
Willard. Mrs. Bennett came 10 attend
the series of meetings being held by
the Woman's National Democratic
league. she is the only one from the
state TO make the trip especially for
this convention. but other West Vir-
ginia women. who are residing here
and are in sympathy with the league.
are attending the sessions.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-01-04
Woman's Club Meets.

The Woman's Civic club. Of this
city. will hold it's first meeting of the
year next Friday evening at the home
OF Mrs. A. T. Arnold of Morton n
The program is as follows: Roll call,
New Years Resolutions" New Years
story. Mrs. Carrigan; Selection. Club
quartet.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-01-04

wood is now running In fun capacity.
Riverside works Of the National
Tube company. and the Wheeling steel
and Iron company. which was closed
Tor New Years. rcEumcd yesterday
morning on account Of many rush
orders at the resent time the mills
were closed but one day. while hereto
fore a week has been taken IN the OBJ
ervan Of Christmas and New Years.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-01-04
Union Meetings.

The Union evangelistic services Of the
Pleasant Hill Methodist church and the
Allen Grove Presbyterian church COM
menced on sunday evening at the high
school auditorium. Services viii be held
every evening at 1880 o'clock and Rev.
Henry r. Nicklen viii preach during the
week.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-01-04

For the third time whit, ,.,
Weeks. the river Is again rising. This
iule according to Weather Eorecasrsr
= eHn VIII II will so thirty-four feet
~ wheeling. Should the river rise fhtt
hlEn a number or the streets in the
LoWAhds viii be oodeid and tho subway
~" nave several inches Of water. None
or tho mills will be affected in this
pAce By The high water. 10 D. SAD.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-01-04
"a Arrerta ovnr W. rnd.

Not ono arrest was made by the Ben
wood police over the week end. And
az result no police court was held last
evening Tn various sections OF The
town. especially Iu the foreign quart
srH. booze ran freely over Saturday and
sunday. and quite "a number. o. o. said.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-01-04
Mrs. Davis Ill.

Friends OF Mrs. John W. Davis. the
gifted wife of the solicitor general OF
the United States. will be sorry TO
hear that she has suffered an attack
Of la grippe and has been forced to
cancel all her social engagements un-
I'll she has fully reclaimed her health.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-01-04
Back on the Job.

eral John W. Davis and Tracy l.. JET
fords have returned from ClarksburT
where they attended the West Virginia
Bar association.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-01-04
CONDITIONS NORMAL IN MEXICO

WASHINGTON. ID. c.. Jan. g.
Normal conditions are being restored
rapidly in the Yaqui Valley. Mexico,
according to advices to the Navy De-
partment today from Admiral Wins
low. commanding the Pacific fleet.
The message said the Indians who
%terrorized the region recently appar-
emily had Withdrawn north Of the va.
Qui river.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-01-04
10 lnsnect CompanX.

Major William Wallace has peen
ordered by the war department to go
TO Huntington and inspect the newly
organized machine gun company. Sec
ond infantry w. Va y. G.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-01-04

The house was r~ansacked, but no other
~valuables were missing. The police
wer" r fed of the robbery late Sun
DAY no. and during the day yester-
day lated several clues that will
likel lead TO arrests soon.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-01-04
Hid sneclaI se..lnn

Marshall county court viii convene
this morning in special session called
by President j. b. McMcchen. Action
will be taken on tate Licenses and
other business items OF interest will be
given attention.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-01-04
InInrah KnAa.

Thomas Burkhart. an employs OF the
baltimore a. ohio railroad here met with
"a painful accident yesterday while at
work He was walking from one part
OF the yards and ia crossing the track
stumbled In falling he struck his knee
upon a steel rail Hurkhardt was as
sisted 20 his home. where 70 f. reported
that he o. unable 20 walk.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-01-04
Watch Party.

Don Friday evening the High Flyers"
gave u watch party at Marsh's hall. Dur
ing the evening various diversions were
enjoyed and at a alte hour an oyster
supper was served.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-01-04
SHERRARD


Mrs. Joseph Archey will entertain the
Ladies' Aid society Of the Pleasant Hin
NJ. +. church at her home on Thursday.
The a will be spent at quilting and
dinner will be served.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-01-04
OHIO DEMOCRATS
OPPOSE WILSON
ARE NOT IN LINE WITH HIS MA
TioNAl PROGRAM FOR
PREPAREDNESS.
Gen. Sherwood OF Toledo VIII Fire
Opening Gun Against Program.
Stand Causes Surprise.
-rntelugencsr Bureau.
Columbus, o., Jan. 3.

Columbus, o., Jan. 3
Ohio Democrats. strange as il may
seem. lave taken a firm stand against
President Wilson's program for pre-
paredness and next Tuesday in the
national house Geu- Isaac r. Sherwood
OF Toledo. Democrat and dean OF the
Ohio delegation, will fire the opening
gun In the fight against preparedness.
II Is said that S~herwood's speech will
occupy about an hour and that 1t will
be a bot arraignment OF the presidents
proposition to build up the army and
navy. II is said that IL the United
States Is too proud to fight. as VIII
son recently said. Gen. Sherwood can
not see why the president should try
to build up any big army and navy
and 90 to this expense for no purpose.
Democratic State Chairman w. l..
Finley also has taken a stand against
the presidents preparedness program.
and he says that he has received large
numbers OF letters form all over the
state voicing objections to the Wilson
scheme. However. Finley's opposition
may be largely political because he
Knows that the licking OF war stamps
In times OF peace will not rebound TO
the credit OF the Democratic party.
Form Peace Society.
And another step along this same
line was taken this week when DIR.
Washington GLADDEN.. the widely
known Congregational clergyman. with
other prominent men OF Columbus. or
gained a peace society. The organic
ers include a Jewish rabbi, lawyers,
doctors n others OF much influence,
and steps have been taken TO spread
the organization all over the state,
thus lining up the people solidly
against the larger army and navy for
which Wilson has taken a stand. after
seeing that the too proud to fight"
theory was not particularly accept
able.
The spread of the GLADDEN. peace 30
ciety over the state may be a large
influence In shaping the course of
many Ohio congressman on the prepar-
edness program. That the president
should meet opposition from such
prominent Democrats as Finley and
Congressman Sherwood here in Ohio
has caused much talk in political
circles.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-01-04
WEST VIRGINIA
GOSSIP FROM
WASHINGTON, DC.
(By Charles Brooks smith.)

WASHINGTON. ID. c.. Jan. 3.-Late
items of routine news interest. es-
pecially TO First district constituents
OF Representative Nicely. are found re-
corded or the office press pad. as
follows:
The following pension claims have
been called up at the bureau and are
being investigated upon direct request:
Mrs. Frances Pierce, OF Fairmont,
John Reid. of Cameron: Joseph A. Hin.
OF Fairmont; Noah W. Beck. Jr.. OF
Wheeling. and Isaac Boyee. Of Fair
mont.
The application for parole filed by
Ratfaelo Aiello. OF Clarksburg. who Is
now serving q term in the federal
prison at Philadelphia, he having been
found guilty OF Il white slavery charge.
has been rejected by the board OF
parole. That body notified Major
Nicely, who had interested himself in
The case. that they considered the OF
Tense an aggravated one and declined
TO recommend parole.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-01-04

became hilarious In their celebra ton NJ
christmas and New Years. "
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-01-04

The public library at New Cum
berland has been designated an Off
c al gazette depository and Will hence
forth receive all the publications Is
sued by the patent office.
Mr.. Nicely has endorsed the applica-
ton OF L. w. Petit, OF Clarksburg.
for the position OF assistant national
bank examiner.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1916-01-04
To Prevea.t The Grin

FreNeIt The "Trip
colds cause Grtp-LaNatiVc brOmo Oui-
nine removes the cause. There Is only
one "Bromo Quinine." r. w. GROVES
on box. zoe.
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1916-10-19
Meudon tn Wartime,

Meudon, the gay Meudon Of trysts
and moonlight promenades, has been
transformed into a military camp. The
station platform is crowded with uni
formed soldiers of all branches; men
on furlough in their suits of faded
blue like dirty water, showing with
pride holes torn in their coats by rifle
balls, convalescents wearing the OLD
red pantaloons, used only by those be-
hind the fighting line, often with one
leg folded up; Zouaves, whose baggy
trousers, formerly blood-red, have now
changed to an earthly color; Belgians
in long brown coats, who never smile,
and British Tommies spick and span
as if they had just stepped from
handbook.
The women, in passing, glance at
the war crosses and smile.-Mme. Ber-
nardini-Sjoestedt in Cartoons Maga-
zine.
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1916-10-19
FLUSHING OF, EWES FAVORED
Expert Of Washington Station Recon-.
mends Animals Be Placed in
SuccuIent Pasture.

Flushing is the term applied to the
practice of stimulating the organs OF
reproduction by supplying additional
grain or more succulent pasture to the
ewes. An insufliciency of feed retards
the breeding season, and reduces the
fertility.
10 flush ewes, Prof. VIM. Hislcp Of
the Washington experiment station
recommends that they be placed in
succulent pasture and fed One-half to
one pound per day of two parts oats
and one part bran for ten days previ-
GUS to turning the ram in with them.
1t is equally important that the ewes
be not overly fat at this time.
All the wool about the dock OF the
ewes should be trimmed away before
mating. AS a means of distinguishing
the ewes that have been bred, paint
the ram on the brisket with some color
which will leave a mark on the WOOL
Of the eve. At the end of 81 days the
ram should be painted another color.
In this manner the owner is enabled to
tell whether or not the ewes are re
turning"