davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1916-01-30
C0IorS of the Seas.

I'd DoETS have sung from time TO time
U of the deep. blue sea-" but the SEA
is not always blue There are any num-
ber of colors to be observed in the oceans.
and many interesting facts have been
gathered with respect to them.
The Mediterranean and Caribbean seas
present the true blue color. The extraor-
binary blueness of the first named has
been assigned to two causes One is that
very few large rivers of fresh water enter
1t, the other is that the Mediterranean.
practically landlocked and exposed to
powerful sunlight, has the greatest evap-
Grafton of all seas. BY actual test it has
been ascertained that the Mediterranean
water is heavier and saltier than the
water of the Atlantic ocean, which Is an
important circumstance in the considera-
tion of the cause of its color
Aside from blue and green. other colors
are to be seen in the worlds seas and
oceans. In January. 1909. river of yell
low water. three miles wide and of enor-
nous length, was observed running paral
lei with the gulf stream. 1t stretched
from Cape Florida to Cape Hatteras and
was undoubtedly caused by some sub
marine upheaval. probably of volcanic
nature. 1t endured for some weeks.
In 1901, off the California coast, the
sea turned almost black. The whole OF
santa cruz Day assumed This eNtraorui-
nary nky hue and fishing came to an end.
In this case no definite reason was ascer-
tained for the phenomenon.
The dull reddish tint that is seen in the
Red sea, and which has given that body
of water its name, is said to be due to
the presence Of millions of microscopic
algae.
The Yellow sea of China is supposed
to owe its color to the floods of muddy
water that the great rivers pour into it,
but many scientists are of opinion that
the color is 10 be ascribed to the living
organisms that flourish in the water
Generally speaking. the blueness OF the
sea water is in constant ratio to its salti-
ness. In the tropics the evaporation in
duced by the blazing sun causes the water
to be much more salt than ii is in more
northern latitudes. For about thirty de-
gress both north and south Of the equator
the waters are Of an exquisite azure Be-
yond these latitudes the blue fades and
the color becomes green. In the Arc
tic and Antarctic oceans the greens are
almost as vivid as the blues in ths
tropics.
Evening star., 1916-01-30

ditiopal miles. There are now a num-
ber of these Seeding miles.
Schoolyards along the route will vie
with each other in making themselves
as. attractive as possible and beautify-
ing themselves in every legitimate
fashion.
The highway will be used for COM
merce and for every sort of travel.
Many predict that it is bound to be-
come to the United States what the
Appian Way was to the Romans. In
times of war it could be used for mill
tary purposes. for the transportation Of
troops and provisions.
The south has been aroused to a state
of interest and a new energy has shak-
en- her since the Lincoln highway has
become more than a dream Road
planting throughout the south has been
the result of agitation. Daughters Of
the Confederacy have recently stated
their plans for Jefferson Davis high
way" which is to begin at the Potomac
and end at the Rio Grande.
1t has been said that the germ of the
Lincoln highway idea is as old as the
nation. In fact, George Washington
was a loyal supported of all good roads
and a stanch advocate of better roads.
Evening star., 1916-01-30

will nod its welcome from state border
to state border. Pines and cottonwoods
will also mark the highways trail in
Utah
Nevada presents difficulties. There
are $50 miles of the Lincoln highway
in that state. Forty or fifty of those
miles run through desert wastes, grim
fats of sand and alkali and the oc-
casional treeless butte. Many high
way enthusiasts advocate doing moth
Ing with 1t, others think 1t advisable
to seek the aid of experts from the
forestry department of the state uni
versity. There is no water in the
vicinity of the desert and no feasible
plan for irrigation, so it is likely that
even experts will be unable to success
fully combat the barrenness. Cedars,
jumpers and pines grow in the noun
tain regions of the state and along
the banks of it's rivers.
California will be unique in that she
will have lane of California poppies,
blue lupines and many snowy vari-
colored flowers. The graceful. feathery
California soil. will be used in pro-
fusion along the route of the highway
in that state. Other native trees will
be represented, though the pepper tree
will have the preference
The highway will have many feed
ers." or branch roads. and among those
that are best known is the one into
Washington. The Federation of Wom-
ems Clubs in the District has many
plans, but as yet they are but germ
plans and have not been developed.
Large shade trees will be the vogue
for this section of the country. Nut
trees may be used because they are
both ornamental and useful. 1t is
practically assured that Quick-grow-
Ing vines. like the honeysuckle. will
be utilized in covering up the ugly OF
Evening star., 1916-01-30

is to supervise the construction OF
bridges, monuments, arches and other
highway structures. State universi-
ties have volunteered their assistance.
Prof. Wilhelm Miller, head of the land
scape extension department in the
University Of Illinois. toured the high
way through that state with sub
committee, and later submitted an in
teresting and comprehensive report on
the subject AS result OF this the
landscape extension department has
offered to furnish drawings. without
charge, for the planting Of trees along
a mile or two of the state route.
The Order of Moose has constructed
a nursery of considerable size and
propagating house for the growing of
plants and trees. They will sell what
they grow at cost. which is slight, for
planting along the highway.
The highway has many spots of vivid
historical interest. such as Trenton.
Valley Forge and Gettysburg. and
farther west there are places along the
route which mark the sites of Indian
fights and massacres. The old trail of
the eyer-advancing pioneer is richly
historic. These places are sacred to
history, and authorities agree that they
ably marked with tablets, monuments,
etc.
The roadside planting 10 in itself an
extensive enterprise. The General Fed
Grafton Of Womens Clubs, whose mem
bership includes more than a million
and q half women. has undertaken the
supervision of the planting of trees,
shrubs and flowers along the highway
The conservation branch Of this fedora
ton has direct charge of the work. This
organization is now complete from New
York to California.
Many miles Of the highway abound
Evening star., 1916-01-30
Recovering Radium.

wv HAT is known as "radium' 10 q
v" radium salt, usually either radi.
UNI bromide or radium chloride. some
times radium sulphate. Tiny grains OF
these salts are extremely precious. and
are usually sealed up in glass bulbs.
The radium in one of the first bulbs
that were received in London had q
curious history. A physician in Port
land place was applying the bulb to q
patient when he accidentally let 1t fall
and a moment after crushed 1t under
his foot.
The value Of the radium to the physi-
clan was very great He removed his
shoes and cut out a square of his VAL
liable carpet. He had shoes and car
pet burned, and out of the ashes re-
fined the original radium salt. 1t was
placed in a new applicator and is in
use today.
Evening star., 1916-01-30
Through Thirteen

ing the transcontinental road. Trees
that are to play an important part are
the elms, occidental planes. hardwood
naples and sycamores. Golden glow
and roses will be freely interspersed.
The prairie rose especially will grow
profusely at entrances to cities and
will be cultivated on historic ground.
The next state along the great route.
Illinois. plans a Lincoln motif" This
motif will be emblematic of well known
characteristics of Lincoln. For in
stance, the Towering dogwood will be
used to remind the highway traveller Of
the rail-splitting days of Lincoln. The
pioneers used the dogwood extensively
for making their wedges. The white
oak which grows east and west, north
and south, will be prominent in this
motif scheme as Significant of Lincoln's
wide appeal The permanence of his
fame will be typified by the planting of
an evergreen. the red cedar Illinois
will use the prairie rose at city en-
frances and also to indicate spots of
historic note, as Indiana and Ohio pro-
pose to do.
The June berry, wild grape and silver
bell tree are all illustrative Of Lin
coins personality his love Of beauty
and of wild life. These will be scat
tered along the way. as well as the
Kentucky coffee tree. which calls to
mind his birth state.
Fresh young cottonwoods will grace
the highway for long distances on the
western side of the Mississippi river
Across the Mississippi valley the eye
will meet acre upon acre Of fiat, rich
cornfields.
Wyoming expects to plant a variety
of trees--cottonwoods, pines, cedars,
quaking aspens and box elders. Pleas
ure seeker or business man will have
no difficulty in determining when he has
crossed the boundary line into Utah.
Evening star., 1916-01-30
A Surprise.
E BERRY WALL, apropt

E BERRY WALL, apropos of a mo-
LIDO torious divorce, said, in New
York:
THE morals of our upper ten! The
morals of the people who occupy the
horseshoe tier at the OPERA
Two chorus girls were talking be-
hind the scenes at the opera one even
ing:
"-Oh,' said the first, with a shocked
air-'oh, look who Mr.. Van Astorbilt
has got in his box with him.
THE other girl looked. and her As
constituent was also marked.
Goodness gracious she said. III II
isn't his 5ife.
Evening star., 1916-01-30

~ YsTEMATIC Identification Of =
great national highway some
NJ s.sss miles in length. s5 feet in
~ width and running through thir-
teen states. from ocean to ocean. pre-
sents a problem of no small dimensions
First and foremost IL the question OF
expense. II has been estimated that
one mile of this road costs $1,000, and
that at least $4,000. 900 must be had
before the Lincoln highway can bs
completed. Large sums Of this have
been raised hy individual states. ooun-
ties and private contributions. Sup
porters of the project believe that
eventually federal aid will be OBJ
tained
The cement used along portions OF
the way, which are paved. was given
by large cement companies. Citizens
who are so fortunate as to live on or
near the highway are aggressive in
their work for the road. The rich do
q great deal and the poor do what they
can, and both are allied in their en-
thusiasm and support. Those whose
homes lie along the route are keenly
alive TO the commercial advantages
tina. are bound to come upon the compile
ton and perfection Of the highway.
Not only states and cities have their
Lincoln highway committees. but there
are countless subcommittees. and cer-
tain national organizations have
pledged themselves actively to sup
port II and to fulfil assigned tasks.
The American Institute Of Architects
Evening star., 1916-01-30
WITHOUT EArTDs HE.
AB1CYcLE

can make If they prefer to stay at
home, and where they can sell what
they make.
In the back of each number is a long
list Of advertisements of positions
Evening star., 1916-01-30

where the arm is gone. for bullet
wounds twist the fingers in all sorts
of strange shapes. One soldier had
been horn player by profession and
his hand was so wounded that the f1n-
Evening star., 1916-01-30

phlets are called From War to Work
in Peace" and they contain every
thing possible that would interest a
wounded man. It tells them of trades
they can pursue. and Of things they
Evening star., 1916-01-30

with natural beauties and require no
further adornment. Even those who
advocate the most lavish floral decora-
tions agree that the scenic effects along
Evening star., 1916-01-30

do not return to war but settle down
to peaceful labors. One soldier, a shoe
maker by trade, found that he could
make just as good shoes with one leg
as with two, but he lamented the fact
that he could no longer ride a bicycle,
a sport Of which he was very fond. His
friends induced him to try riding and
within a short time he could ride as
well as before he was hurt. Another
case was that of a soldier who had
lost both his legs at Liege. He was an
engineer by trade, and now he is
running the fast train between Co.
logne and Brussels.
An older man had been a roof fxer
by trade, and all the time he was in
the hospital he mourned the fact that
he could never AK a roof again. Today
he is mending roofs in Steglitz and
he can climb a ladder as well as any
one. tailor had both his legs cut
off by the Russians in East Prussia.
The new feet that were made for him
were very large, and now he can tread
his sewing machine as well as before
The loss of the arm is much more
serious than the loss of leg, and all
sorts of hooks and screws must be
provided so that the men can do more
than one thing. In the sad cases OF
both arms being gone. implements
knives, forks. cigars, cups and, indeed,
everything, SO that the man Will not
be helpless.
One young locksmith had lost both
his legs and arms: now ne has been
provided with new ones and he can
make as good locks as before.
Sometimes a case of crippled fingers
is quite as hard to deal with as one
Evening star., 1916-01-30

the highways route in Yellowstone
Park. the Rockies. the Grand Canyon
of Colorado. Yosemite. sierras and Cas-
cades cannot be improved upon.
The planting will be native to the
different states. as far as possible. A
standard method Is now being discussed
for planting at bridges, road crossings,
danger spots and culyerts. 1t is be-
lieved that the adoption and recognition
by the nation of certain trees to dis
place the old and ugly signposts would
result in distinct Improvement; For
example, 1t has been suggested that
white birch be used along the entire
highway to designate road intersec-
tions.
states have selected the trees, flowers
and shrubs which they think are the
most appropriate. The state of New
York has chosen white birches. naples,
hemlocks and the white oak as espe-
cially reminiscent of the career of the
great American.
New Jersey has focused her attention
on the decoration of town and city en-
frances and historic spots. Masses Of
laurel and fruit trees won the final
favor.
Across the length of the Keystone
state stretches forest of laurel. vari-
Gus perennials and hardy vines, and
the highway runs through beautiful
spots in this garden of nature Also,
in Pennsylvania. stress will be laid on
the best preservation of the states
vegetation.
Ohio has decided to adopt the plan Of
continuing the charming effect of the
untamed garden, with the prairie rose
growing as markers on historic points
and at city portals.
Variety is to be the watchword of In
diana's conservation committee A half
dozen varieties Of plants will be used
to carry out her scheme of beautify-
Evening star., 1916-01-30
WHAT GERMANY |SDO|NG
c|6r Her Crippled Soldiers

Already Those Maim-
ed by Shot and Shell
Are Being Helped to
elp Th elves.
Mechanical Arms and
Legs - Many Cripples
Return to Their Former
Trades" From War to
Work in Peace"-Ex-
hibition of Crippled
Dolls-Hone for Blind
Soldiers - Govern
ment-Built Houses and
Apartments for Grip
piles.
Evening star., 1916-01-30
GERMAN SoLDIER WORKING AT
HIS TRADE, OF Jo1NER AT TER
HAVING LOST ANARM- .....

where they want crippled men. The
advertisements tell the kind of a posi-
tion it is, the pay, and whether a man
with one eye. arm or leg can fill it.
Some of the positions are for armless
men and others for legless men. The
government of each province tries as
much as possible to make positions
which crippled men can I'LL.
In the reichstag building they had
an exhibition of doll soldiers that
were crippled in every possible way.
These dolls were run by electricity and
they were shown doing all sorts of
work. The people were tremendously
interested in this exhibit, for Germany
is like every other country at war, and
has many crippled men, but her per
cent of armless and legless men is
lower than that of any other country.
Many booklets have been written on
the subject of what cripple can do.
One German doctor has written a lit
tie pamphlet on the care of the Grip
pie. and already more than $4,000
copies have been sold.
The kaiser and kaiserin are going to
build a home for blind soldiers, where
they will not only be cared for, but
taught occupations as we'll Many of
the blind soldiers have already learned
to typewrite and they are filing posi-
tions in many offices and public build
ings. Many others have become tele-
phone centrals. and it is wonderful
how they can work the telephone key
board.
Z
The German government has also
drawn up plans to build houses for the
men. Sites have already been selected
and plans completed. The houses are
to be built near factories in which
work will be carried on that a crippled
man can do. The factories are to be
built to suit the men, and each factory
will manufacture a number of things.
SO that the men can pick the kind OF
work that they wish to do.
The plans of the homes of these
workmen look very attractive. Some
of the homes are single houses, little
cottage effects with slanting roof
and little garden. Then there will be
number of larger apartment houses,
where a number of families will live,
and. last of all, there will be one very
large house in each community. like a
hotel, where the unmarried men can
Evening star., 1916-01-30

gers had to be rebroken before he
could hold his horn.
Every province in Germany now is
sues each week a little pamphlet to
help the crippled men. These PAM
Evening star., 1916-01-30

Special Staf Correspondent.
BERLIN, January Is. 1915.
ENIE word cripple" Is a word that
hurts. and in Germany when
the people speak of the men
q who have lost arms, legs or
eyes they say 'krie iegsbeschadiete
which has a softer sound and means
hurt or damaged by the war.
To be happy man must work. and
when the dismembered men come back
from serving the fatherland the future
would look very black indeed if they
thought that they and their families
must be dependent upon some one else
for the rest of their lives.
The German soldier will never have
this to fear. for even now, with the
war only a year and a half old. many
plans have been carried out for these
unfortunate men. and many other plans
are being made. Germany does not
wait; she acts.
Skillful doctors and artificial limb
makers are contriving all sorts of ways
10 make various kinds of arms and legs
that are suited for all kinds of work
that the crippled men may wish to do.
For instance, a man who wishes to be
a carpenter must have a different kind
of hook on his new arm than a man
who wishes to be a blacksmith. Also
a man who has lost his arm at the
shoulder must have a different arm
from a man who has lost his at the ell
bow
All this means an enormous amount
Of experimenting, for there are so many
hundreds of trades in the world. and
the crippled man wishes. if possible. to
follow the same trade he had before
the war OF course. in many cases 1t
is not possible to do this. and for these
cases there have been mapped out fifty
one new trades which are easily car
ried on by men without arms and legs.
Also the government has schools where
these trades can be learned without
charge These are not merely occupa-
tions for the laboring man, but also
for the man of education, and a man
may study art, music and literature
there.
II takes great amount Of practice
to manipulate the new mechanical arms
Evening star., 1916-01-30

and legs with skill, but after a few
months Of practice they become as ex
pert as an uncrippled man 1t is quite
a task for a man who has lost both legs
to learn to walk. He must first learn
to balance himself on a little, short
pair of legs, using two canes. After
while he is given longer pair and
full sized limbs. He must use one cane.
The artificial legs that the doctors
are inventing are most wonderful. One
army captain who had lost his leg at
the thigh was able to mount his horse
nine weeks after his leg had been am
putated, and two weeks later he join
ed his regiment in the field. another
chap. just nineteen years old, who had
been in the infantry and had lost a leg
enlisted in the aviation squad. and he
is now one of the best fiiers in the
German army.
Evening star., 1916-01-30

SYSTEMATIC beautifcation Of =
great national highway some
a.sse miles in length, s5 feet in
-IAsh . M ru.ny-o thrNuDh thir
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1916-12-12
GERMANY PROPOSES
Peace NEGOTIATIONS
SIMILAR PROPOSALS BY AUS
TRIA, TURKEY AND
BULGARIA.

st. Paul, December IL, 1880 p. m.
Special: The following advices
have been received by the American
Press association:
Berlin.-Germany and her allies
today proposed to enter forthwith in
to peace negotiations. Chancellor
Won Bethmann Hollwegg this orn
ing received representatives OF the
United States, Spain and Switzer-
land, and transmitted a note to them
to bring to the knowledge of the hos
tile governments. Austrian, Turkish
and Bulgarian governments are max
ing similar proposals. According to
Won Bethmann Hollwegg, the propo-
sitions submitted are appropriate for
the establishment Of lasting peace.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1916-12-12
CITY WOULD help
COMMISSIONERS COULD NOT
MAKE LEVY UNTIL LATE
NEXT YEAR.

DR.. William Lowe and William
Rowland, secretary of the Madison
Merchants association, who, with
Commissioner Thomas Johnson, COM
pose the committee appointed to look
into the prospects of organizing a
band here, last night took up with
the city commission the matter of a
city appropriation for the proposed
organization.
While no formal agreement was
arrived at, the commissioners let 1t
be known that they would give $25
a month toward the support of a
band. until a special levy for the pur-
pose could be voted on, next spring.
II was pointed out that even Ii the
special fund were favorably voted on.
II would be impossible to make the
levy until next fall. 1t is probable
that the special levy would be j mill.
w. r.. Weide. of washington
Springs. has stated that he would
come here and give a band one les
son a week for SIS a month. To
start the band and engage Mr.. Weide
would mean that at least $50 in ad-
dition to the amount the city would
give must be raised. 1t is said that
the Commercial club and the Madi-
son Merchants association probably
would give a part of the additional
amount required.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1916-12-12
FREE TEXTBOOKS
SENATOR DOWDELL, OF SOUTH
DAKOTA, INTERVIEWS
HENRY FORD.

Chicago, Dec. 12.-South Dakota
would be better off without a legis-
lature, In the opinion of State Sen
ator Robert E. Dowdell, of South
Dakota, who stopped in Chicago to-
day on the way home, after an inter-
view with Henry Ford on the SUBJ
ject Of free textbooks for school chill
dren.
Senator Dowdell is the father Of
the Dowdell plan, which proposes the
adjustment of state legislatures and
the establishment of state assemblies,
fashioned after the commission form
of government for municipalities.
Il hope to make South Dakota the
first state to abolish its legislature"
he said. MY bill proposing hat ac-
tion will come before the legislature
next month. The measure has re-
ceived popular support from the
start"
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1916-12-12
BATTLE in DARK
MITCHELL LAD STABBED TWICE
BUT USES REVOLVER WITH
GOOD EFFECT.

Mitchell, Dec. 12.-Aroused from
sleep by the barking of a dog In IN
other room, Albert Coffel, 16 years
old, sought the intruder and was
stabbed twice before he saw his as
sailant. The boy then jumped over
the bed, found a revolver he had kept
hidden under his pillow and then
shot the burglar.
The intruder escaped, leaving a
trail of blood to testify to the &C
curacy of the boys aim. The boy
was stabbed slightly in the abdomen
and temple, but was able to attend
school today.
The room in which the affair oc-
Cured was dimly lighted by the re-
Election from his bedroom and he
was only able to distinguish the out
lines of the burglar in the semidark-
ness before being attacked. The dog
sounded the alarm before the burg
lar had opportunity to rifle the
house.