davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-09-11
Wilson Hurries to
Bedside of Sister

LONG BEACH. y. J Sept ll-Can.
ceiling all engagements, President Wi
son left here carly today to 20 to In.
bedside OF his sister, Mr., A T. Howe
who i, critically III at her home IN New
London. Conn
The president arose before O'Clock
after restless night He appeared
,greatly concerned over his sisters con-
ditlon
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-09-11
Submarine Sinks
Norwegian Ship

AMSTERDAM Sept 1.-THE Nor.
wegian steamer lindbore. bound from
london for Rotterdam, has been sunk
by submarine, according to the Al
gemeen Handelsblad The crew OF the
submarine stripped the steamer OF all
copper before blowing her up. The
crew Of the Lindborg has been landed
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-06-11

ings. The immature stages develop
In the accumulation OF dust and veg.
etable matter In tho beds Of these
animals.
The sticktiEht lea. or southern
chicken flea. is probably the most i'm.
portant Of the livestock infesting
species. This form attacks IA mum.
Der OF different hosts. including poul.
try. dogs. cats and some Wild ami
mails.
On dogs and cats they arc largely
found on the ears. particularly along
the edges. In the case OF poultry in.
iestatlOns leas are most common on
the heads OF the hosts. where they
are to be seer in groups or pal ches.
This habit Of attaching in clusters
seems to be well marked, and nj in
tested fowl often may be recognized
at n considerable distance by the
dark nea-covered areas about the
eyes, comb and wattles.
The stIcktight flea is most comm on
and Of greatest Importance In the
southern and southwestern states. 1t
mas been reported as injurious to
poultry as far north as Kansas. III 9
injury is most marked in young
chickens. which when fairly heavily
infested often die.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-06-11
owScience FIGHTS the FLEA.
the SUMMER PEST of MAN
By F. C. BISHOP.
I'm a BuHctin nj the .. s. Department Of AgriculturcJ

FLEAs are OF importance in two
ways, first, as disease carriers,
and, second, as parasites or an.
meyers OF man and animals. The
dread disease OF man known as bu,
bonic plague, has been found TO be
transmitted largely, II not entirely,
through the agency OF these insects.
a disease known Rs infRntile kalR
Azar IL probably also transmitted by
them. and a species OF tapcworm
which infests dogs and occasionally
people has been found to Ass at
least n stage in the dog flea. then
gaining entrance to n new host by
the swallowing Of crushed or living
leas,
AS parasites Of man and animals
doas arc Of considerable Importance
aside from disease transmission.
They have been known to render
houses unlnhRbitRble for a time. and
certain species cause considerable
loss among poultry as well as annoy.
Ance 10 other animals.
There are a great many different
kinds OF feas. Most OF thoae are OF
no Importance to man, as they feed
on various wild birds and mammals,
Nearly all species have some one
host upon which they prefer to live.
but they may feed upon other ami.
mRis and often thrive upon them.
As examples may be cited the dog
neR, which normally feeds on dogs
and cats, but which when excessively
numerous may prove a troublesome
pest to man. The human nGa nor.
mally attacks man, but may he found
on a number OF other animals. Rat
fleas. in the absence OF their usual
hosts, will bite man, and 1t is in this
instance that fieas are responsible
for the incubation OF man with bu.
bonic plague.
There is a marked variation in the
habits Of fleas in regard to the init.
macy with which they are associated
with their hosts Some kinds remain
upon host animals practically all OF
the time. In fact, the chLgoe Aea
normally burics itself in the skin OF
the host and there develops its eggs
and dies.
The sticktiGht flea. or chicken flea,
has this habit of intimate association
with the host, but does not bury itself
in the flesh OF the animal,
Dog feas ordinarily remain upon
the domestic animals almost continu.
ousIy throughout their existence. but
are not attached. feeding only at in
~tervals.
Tho human flea has adapted itself
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-06-11
The SENSE of SMELL in INSECTS

THE seat OF smell in insects has
been singularly elusive. and in
the prolonged and unsystematic
search for 1t. It has been referred to
at least a dozen different parts OF the
body. The recent tendency has been
to regard the antennae as olfactory
organs. Various structures on these
have been chosen. but difficulties
have been found in the fact that
these structures are shut in by cuti.
Gle. and that they are absent In some
insects.
Spiders. in fact, have no antennae
at all. though they can smell. Expert.
ments have shown that the n Of
smell ann possibly he located in
the a%ntennae of ants, bees and wasps
Though this may not be true Of all
InsectsJ. and that most insects
breathe by pores discovered by Hicks
more than half a century ago on the
wings and the legs. Each pore has
the form Of an inverted flask, with
n nerve-ending exposed TO the air.
When the pores are covered with
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-06-11
BREAD Without GRAIN FLOUR

of gluten. The dough is raised with
Yeast. a be made from all kinds OF
starch. and looks like ordinary white
bread. The bread has been found
edible at the army front when sew.
eral days old, The substance discov.
cred is not yet announced
The famous chemist. Wilhelm Ost.
valid. has proved that the albumen
OF gluten is COagulated by heat dur.
Ing baking and has used egg albu.
men instead with or without n gas.
producer, as yeast or baking powder
With good results. but the process
is too costly. Walter OSWALD and
a. Riedel have substituted thick
starch pastes for the various albu.
mems in the dough. These pastes re.
semble gluten in rhe qualities Of elias.
ticity and impermeability to gas and
are also cheap. The leaven is made
Ct potato flour, milk and pressed
hops; baking powder can also be
used. The inner friction OF the starch
paste produces in baking the neccs.
sary pufincss and p~orosity OF the
dough. and the loaf shows an elastic
porous crumb OF fair thickness.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-06-11

By rugs or oiled bare floors. This
permits frequent sweeping of the
floors and makes the destruction OF
tho immature stages easier II an
infection becomes established.
There seems to be some virtue in
the use Of lights at night for attract
ing the adult leas. A small lamp set
in a pan of water covered with a
film Of kerosene may be used for this
purpose.
1t has been determined that the
greatest horizontal distance heas a
jump is about 10 inches, and they can
not jump more than one.hGlt OF the
distance vertically. 1t is therefore
possible to prevent them from gain
ing access to a bed by placing sticky
fly paper about l3 inches wide on the
floor around the bed. provided ieas
are not breeding out under 1t. BY
keeping the bedding from reaching
near the floor It is also possible to
keep fieas out by placing the legs OF
the bed in a pan of water covered
with a film Of kerosene.
When feeding, the neas inject a
salIvary secretion which tends to pro
duce Inflammation at the site Of the
puncture. Usually the bites result in
small inlamed spots. but occasional
ly, where the pests are very numer.
Gus and in cases where individuals
are susceptible to the effect OF the
bites. more general Inflammation
may occur. sometimes followed by
swelling and occasionally, especially
after scratching. by liberation.
Those who are especially annoyed
by the bites will find that various
cooling applications will give relief.
a , per cent. solution Of carbolic
acid in water applied to the bites will
be beneficial, and such substances as
menthol, camphor and carbolated
vasellne will be found to allRy the
irritation. Iodine in the form Of q
tincture, II applied TO the bites. will
alleviate the irritation. but should
not be used by persons afflicted with
any form of eczema or applied to the
tender skin OF young children, as 1t
may stimulate the eczemIc eruptions
or blister the skin, causing undue an.
noyance.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-06-11

- INCE the beginning OF the war
European chemists have been
trying to produce a substitute
for grain -four in making a palatable
and nourishing bread. The recent
potato harvest being large, most re-
search workers have sought to use
-four from grain in place Of potato
starch. Tho difficulty is that when
bread contains an unusual proportion
Of potato starch. or even OF rice o
tapioca starch, 1t lacks the spongi.
ness produced in ordinary bread.
In an article on the subject in
Umschau some account is given of
the experiments made to overcome
the objections TO the use Of grain
-four substituted 1t had been proved
that the defect in pure starch flour
for bread making is the lack OF GU,
I en-, for the elasticity and toughness
Of ordinary dough are caused by the
albumcn contained In gluten.
A chemist named Fornet claims TO
ha We found a substance which. when
mixed with dough from starch flour,
produces the physical characteristics
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-06-11

Certain general principles regard.
Ing the control Of neas are applicable
to nearly all species. It is at once
apparent that two steps are neces.
Bary TO cope with the pest: % The
destruction n44 the host OF the adults
which arc producing the eggs, and
(2) the clearing out OF the immature
stages which are breeding in or un.
der the house.
One OF the most successful meth.
DDS OF killing tieas On cats and dogs
is to wash the animals thoroughly In
a tub containing the proper proper.
ton Of a sapOnincd coal.tar creositc
preparation, OF which there are n
number on the market. known as
stock dips" The animal should he
thoroughly scrubbed, making sure
that the iieaB on the head are vol
soaked. as many rush there to got
away from the parts that are covered
with the solution. After the animal
has been in the bath for about five or
ten minutes It may be removed and
allowed to dry. In the case Of cats.
especially II tender skinned. the
preparation may be washed out OF
the fur with soap and warm water
soon after the animal is taken out
Of the solution.
In addition to tho destruction OF
all Neas present. this accomplIshes
tho cleaning and deodorizing Of the
fur and also aids in the healing OF
n wounds which are p~resent.
Among other methods for destroy.
ing tho Acas in houses the following
have been tried and accommodates:
Scatter Ave pounds OF fake naphtha-
lene over the floor OF an infested
room and close tightly the doors and
windows for Is hours. After this time
.he n~aphthalene may be swept into
another room, and so on, thus making
the treatment inexpensive. The free
use OF alum. both in the powdered
form sprinkled over carpets and rugs
and by dipping papers in an alum
solution and placing them under the
rugs, is said to give satisfactory re,
suits.
In nea-infested regions It is advis.
able to avoid the use of mattings and
carpets. These may be ]supplRntcd
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-06-11
Detecting DISEASE by SOUND

aid to PusculatIon. but yet not likely
entirely to supersede the use Of the
stcthoscopc. II may also be found
useful In class demonstration. since
It would be easy by means Of
hranchcd tubes to enable several per.
sons to listen at the same time.
1t is claimed that the phoncndo.
scope will be particularly useful for
tho following purposes: % The
sound Of the respiratory organs. Of
the circulation OF the blood and OF
tho digestive organs In the healthy
body as well as in the sick subject.
"a The sounds made by the muscles,
joints and bones. t3) The sound Of
the capillary circulation. 90 The
slightest sounds produced in any dis.
cascd condition OF the body: hence It
is possible to draw on the body dl.
mansions. the position or any altera.
ton in the position Of the various
organs and OF the fluids which have
gathered in the most important cavi.
ties Of the body. C5) The sounds in
the ear, the eye. tho bladder, tho
stomach and the %intestines.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-06-11

"' ''' 80"
"''" maj ""t nue. oe'hs 'Feo IN"
grenier portion OF tho tmG.
There nre four different stageS in
the lie Of ileas, as is tho case with
many other Insects, these are the
egg ihrva. pupa. and adult,
a number Of eggs are deposited by
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-06-11

weather are an upper atmosphere
charged with positive electricity and
a negative charge upon the earth's
surface. Much. he says. could be
uone by placing a copper rod round
the earth parallel to the Equator and
discharging millions OF amnere'
'units) from this rod. Sir Olive,
points out that we have spent mil.
ION on building railways. and why
not invest capital in controlling thu
weather by this means?
Meantime, while We arc tbirpIDs
about the copper rod. much might ho
done by electricians. Sir oliver Lodro
suggests that they should ascend a
nigh mountain. erect a powerful rsr.
Grating station. and discharge nj, ~
positive electricity they can prodnco
into the air. By this means much -,
the abnormal weather from which M
suffer at times might be avoided and
Nature be induced to provide us with
regular seasons.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-06-11

NHE newly invcnCod phonendo.
scope is designed to he used by
physicians and surgeons for do.
tecting the presence OF disease by
sound. The instrument, consists OF
a circular fiat metal box or tympa.
mum, having two a]pcrturcs for tho
attachment Of rubber RAJ tubes. while
the other surface is formed by n thin
disk which is readily thrown into. vi.
bration.
The best results are obtained by
simply applying this disk to the sur.
face to he examined. BY an ingenious
contrivance a second disk can be
su"pcrimposed upon this one and a vul.
canite rod attached to the former 80
that the area OF auscultation may be
extremely clrcumsCrlbcd. Tho con.
duCtiou OF the sounds Is only SLIGHT.
~ diminished by the use Of this rod,
which thus combines tho principle Of
the solid stethoscopc with that of the
tympauum.
The instrument Is described as be.
inG highly ingenious. carefully and
compactly constructed. useful as an
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-06-11

mirror, which throws n beam Of light
upon n selcnium cell. Normally the
beam falls upon a blank part OF tho
cell, but as tho beam vibrates It illu.
inmates more or less Of the sclenium
on each side Of this blank zono, pro.
ducing n variation in the electrical
resistance Of the cell.
An acknowledgement pencil
bearing upon n cylinder OF paper is
controlled by tho variations OF resist.
ance Of the selenlum cell. and thus
a wnvy line is drawn that records
tho speech in the q phonetic char.
acters.
The easo for having n largo
number Of electrical resonator cir.
cults is to allow for variations OF
pitch. An average mans voice has
= pitch lying between So and 100 vi.
brations per second. while n woman's
voice will vary between $50 and 800
vibrations"
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-06-11
CHOCOLATE SOLDIER of Opera a REALITY

1.-THE Chocolate Soldier" who
was borrowed from Bernard
shaw's Arms and the Man" for
comic opera purposes. has now be.
come reality. With millions OF sol.
dIerS all eating chocolate. and a great
shortage in the supply. the prices
have advanced.
In addition to the chocolate and
cocoa supplied IN the commissary
departments Of tho various armies.
chocolate Is frequently ZEN to the
men at tho front by their relatives.
1t is prepared in special packages,
suitable for mailing. and these ara
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-06-11

prano or the haaao ~profundo. My
problem was to find OUT what arc the
peculiar characteristics that enable
MS TO distinguish the various letter
sounds.
u realized that speech Is not dc.
pendent upon the vocal chords. for
words may readily be distinguished
II whispered. Hitherto. speech
records have always been spoken
aloud or sung, with the result that
the curves traced have been compli-
Gated by fundamental tones and over.
tones Of the vocal chords. as well as
the mouth tones.
To &c; a pure curve. l decided to
make records OF whispered speech
10y the use OF an ACQUISITION transmit
ter coupled to an EInthoven string
galvanOmcter.
The operation OF the ACQUISITION
transmitter produces electrical vIbra.
tons corresponding to those Of the
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-06-11

a NEW alphabet is sciences
n latest discovery. It's charac'
1 Aters are not arbitrary symbols
OF written speech. like those OF the
roman alphabet which has been used
for so many centuries, but nature
own letters definitely formed by her
own laws.
Basing his experiments on the ac'
ton Of the photographic stylus
which, in reproducing human speech.
writes its records Theoretically in
strange microscopic characters so
complicated that until now they haye
defed decIphering, Mr.. John B.
Flowers has Just devised a system
Of reeds, which he has successfully
tuned to the different characteristics
of the human voice. BY connecting
these reeds electrically Mr.. Flowers
makes reeds operate the correspond.
ing keys Of a typewriter, SO that
when he speaks Into the transmitter
Of his remarkable device. the keys
Of the typewriter automatically re-
spond and actually write his spoken
words.
Mr.. FlowerB's wonderful invention
promises to revolutionize present
methods OF correspondence. He
SAYS that his machine will produce
n record that would have to he tran
Scribed by a typist into Latin charac-
tiers and English spelling. The record
made by the machine, he says. Is
fully as easy &c dec!pheE as that OF
4 siphon recorder used in cable teleg
raphy. Should such an instrument
come into common use. ii IS claimed
that the dictator would soon learn TO
read the natural phonetic writing.
and II Is conceivable that in time It
might become unnecessary TO trans
cribe the writing into Latin charac,
tiers. In this way the public would
learn a new phonetic alphabet, and
the problem OF SimpliGed spelling
would be solved
In describing his experiments that
led 70 his wonderful invention, MT.
Flowers says:
while tho vowel sounds were
easily detected by the instrument. II
was exceedingly difficult 10 dlstia,
Euish the consonAnts, 30 l concluded
that I needed a more complete
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-06-11

10 the only food taken by the adults,
they may live from a month to al.
most a year. During summer prob.
ABLY the average longevity Of the hu.
man ieR without food IL two months,
OK tho dog flea somewhat less, and
OF the stiektiEht flea still less.
IN the eastern part OF the United
states the dog flea is the species of
tue greatest Importance as a house
mold pest. Many Instances have been
Drought to the attention OF tho bu.
rean OF entomology in which houses.
particularly those vacated for some
time during the summer months.
nave been found literally to be over.
run by these posts.
In portions OF the South and tho
West the human flea il the one pri.
marily responsible for these house
Injections. Although the host rela.
tionship OF these I've species Is some.
what different, the same methods Of
control are applicable. for the most
part. to both.
The conditions which give rise to
outbreaks in houses. particularly in
the case of the dog flea, are usually
these; Pet dogs or cats are kept
about the household during the
spring and early summer. and great
numbers Of eggs are deposited upon
them by the fleaS. These eggs are
scattered about the floors and soon
hatch into minute maggots which
feed upon the vegetable and animal
matter under carpets and mattIngs
and in cracks. During this time tho
house has been closed up and the
breeding allowed to proceed unmo.
Tested, so that at about the time the
occupants return the ieas have
reached the adult stage.
Some infestatIons Of residences
come from breeding places beneath
the houses. The feas in these cases
are usually furnished by stray AMI.
mails which sleep under tho build.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-06-11

voice. which are conducted through
a fine sIlvcr.plntcd quartz thread one
tcn.thousandth OF an inch thick. This
passes between the poles Of an cleo.
tro,magnet, and in response TO tho
electrical variations the wire is com.
PEELED TO vibrate. a beam Of light
shines upon the wire. and It's shadow
Is cast upon a revolving drum fitted
with a highly sensitive Photographic
him. BY a system Of lenses the
slightest motion OF the string is
maEnifed 800 times on the film.
Il used n telephone receiver as a
check on the articulation OF tho
word, In order to produce a tlme
record. the light Of the arc lamp was
interrupted 500 times per second,
thus producing vertical lines on the
hlm at intervals Of O.OO2 OF a second.
with this apparatus ! proved con.
clnSively that It Is the variation of
Intensity in sound waves that pro.
duceS speech. For instance. the
wave recorded by the sound n
would vary in intensity. II b were
pronounced on a lower pitch. this
pattern would be the I'M but II
"ouId contain fewer waves. The nat.
tern usually lasts at least O.OOl OF A
second. when, II the sound continues
II repeats ITSELF
Mr.. Flowers says that he made
hundreds OF records, all Of which
showed practically the same sound
pattern regardless OF the age or the
sex OF the various speakers. Thus n
complete phonetic alphabet has been
worked out by Mr.. Flowers. with the
exception OF certain vowel sounds.
Having discovered the nature OF
speech" continued Mr.. Flowers. the
next thing to do was to design a
machine that would record the
speech patterns when spoken to.
1T viii; he understood that the
machine does not trace sound yibra.
lions, but merely the curve repre-.
senting variations Of intensity.
On talking into the transmittcr,
speeeh.contrOlled currents pass Into
the resonAtor circuits. and the reso,
nator that Is tuned to the main tone
OF the speech at that instant will
respond, and the tuned magnetic
strip Of that resonator will vibratC
powerfully. This OscillAtes a tiny
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-06-11

being purchased in enormous quaint.
Heavy exports Of cocoa beans bav.
been sent from Brazil and Ecua5o,
to Europe. Very high prices arc DaT,
by the belligOFent countries FOR
cocoa products. and the neutral conn.
tries are said TO DO making ARE
profits on the trade. South Amer.
can shippers are also rsapIng their
harvest.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-06-11

months after Matching n silkcn Co
coon Is spun. and in this the larva
Transferring to the pupaI or resting
stage.
The insect remains within the co
coon for n period which may range
from three days to more than a year.
The complete life cycle OF mem.
hers OF this group Of insects may DO
passed in az short a period AZ 10
days. but during cool weather or I'm.
der adverse conditions the total pc.
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-06-11
Making WEATHER to Your ORDER

Is 1t possible to make weather to
orter? In tho opinion OF Sir Oliver
Lodge. 1t is by no means beyond
the powers OF man. He advances the
sugges ton that exploration Of the
upper regions would result in dIscov.
cries which would enable man to
control the weather.
Tho latter. he contends. Is merely
a matter Of electrical conditions. and
the ingredients necessary for fine
The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927, 1916-06-11
The Wonderful INSTRUMENT That Can Actually WRITE SPOKEN WORDS

knowledge Of the characteristics OF
human speech. Evidently. the dit.
ference between two speech sounds.
such as h and ~ for instance. was
not one oI wave frequency. Varia.
tion in the number OF sound waves
would merely raise or lower the
pitch, but the characteristic n and
ID sounds are distInguishahIc
whether uttered by the highest so.