davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-03-14
PRESIDENT ASKS HOUSE
TO SPEED UP NAVAL BILL
Padgett Says 1t Will Be Ready Prob
ably by April

WASHINGTON. March 14-President
Wilson today urged Chairman Padgett,
Of the House Naval Affairs Committee.
to speed UP the naval bill as much as
possible. MIR Padgett told the President
the bill would be ready to report out
probably by April |. He said there were
sufficient members Of the committee ia
vorable to th' kind Of bill the Pres-
dent wants to insure it's containing the
navy increases deemed necessary
There will be no shortening. however.
of the hearings preparatory 10 the intro
ductlon OF the bill II is Mr. padgett's
belief, and also that Of the President. that
the more free the hearings the more salts
factory the bill in its final form
Tomorrow Thomas Edison and num-
Der Of other inventors. who are advocating
a Government Laboratory, will appear be-
fore the committee
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-03-14
|llET GO TO HEAVEN
|eTHOUT PRAYER, SAYS
DARBY EVANGELIST
..,.,olson Begins Fifth Week
If His Campaign
With a Stirring
Sermon
4 ,tn 1000 CONVERSIONS

,over pray you'll go TO hell
n you -. dhcIoration made this after
n - was ..,a,oellst w william =. Nicholson
4 - g ~, before a good-sized audience
. + be se.shy tabernacle when ne was
me u, "Prayer, It's Power.
s. ps'en"e scored church members who
4 ns sefeie - and entertain the belief
"A tlfer "a "perfectly good Christians
II fst tney ., all times to fly away on the
. ,id feaay sngels 10 eternal salvation In
/ arss 2, prayers read from books by
. Fegeh were also assailed, and the
4 dss1nas..s rcferred TO them as graphic
."s ~ canned goods
4, Nicholson Hemminger party; ,Vt WIN
~ y. Nicholson as the preacher ana frol'
s,s" ! ,ismminger in charge OF the music,
4 ! =. Z besan It's fifth week IN a slN-wees
The campaign leauers anu
,,rs esFs Of the is churches M Darps' ,
81. Philadelphia and neighporlng De.a-
\ NsA i..,,ptv towns are enthusiastic over
rin oy ~. More than 1000 persons have
. ne Isus conversion in the tabernacle,
pos'.s. po'sss' so,nisters assert that the influence
90 -. r,anv men and women to join
~ ~ without first hitting the trail
r..nssIonp on Prayer will be given
!. ~ reylyalist each afternoon this Week
y. M possible exception OF trlday. his
''rson this afternoon was lntTouuc.ory oI
80 In speaking OH "Prayer-Its
. " ~ ~ noctor Nicholson said in part:
IMPORTANCE OF PRAYER
.x.,Alce ia more important than prayer.
= ,bs most important thing in the
'h.,rn We are apt to become so
-ii,ap with IL as to lose our sense of
= ,A'al.. sa.nortance. There are three reasons
~ believe in prayer.
rr,ss, II Is the doctrine Of the revela-
Nh of God. You don't learn prayer from
Y. 10 of nature. but in the Word YOU
MAI God is love and that he dN
~ ~ n communicate with his creatures.
~ ~, d no such thing as the universal
.'.ssrhood In of God He is Father only
I, ~ saved. God desires to satisfy my
,.,,rss II is as natural for a Christian
J. r,,v as for a child to say Father
Isysr is an instinct.
acscond believe in prayer because
:, M teachlngs of Jesus. Christ prayed.
n IA needed It, why surely we do. BY
.,,mple Christ taught the need of prayer.
~ by precept Christ would not mock
I, snd ,ell us bundle of lies. He means
,,tttly what He says
sThird. | believe in prayer because of
a, experience of Gods saints all through
~ AGES Moses prayed and divided the
rv,t Elijah prayed and bottled up the
eouds for three years. Muller prayed
IN millions came to him to support the
,ruAanage in England. Christ prayed,
|ud Is praying now.
CAN'T BUY A REVIVAL.
There never was revival without
|trsyeF You may say, Here, Lord, is
t,n millions of dollars, give me a revival.
You can't get It that way. But pray God
10 giye US a revival and God throws 1t at
yu The trouble is we want to carry on
lbs business as Christian gentlemen in.
itpendent of God. The biggest power is
nt man who can grip God In prayer.
II you never pray you'll go to hell. On
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-03-14
PHILADELPHIA!

Here's a story about you-a
story pulsating with the
vigor of your present-day
activities. The principal
characters are Philadel-
phians, Most of the action
is placed in your very midst.
And the hero is the last of
the line of a fine old Phila-
delphia family, Doctor
Hoch meis ter, the distin-
guished looking foreigner,
and Coun tess Zeda, the
woman of vibrant blazing
beauty, play prominent
parts. The story starts in
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-03-14
SHOOTS MANTCURIST
WHEN SHE DARES' HIM
Salesman Finds Woman Talk
ing to Another Man
on Phone

BOSTON. March ti--After he had ac-
cused her of being unfaithful TO him.
Irving T., Olmstead, wool salesman for
william Whiteman & Co, Of 7s Chauncey
street loaded an automatic pistol and
fired several shots at Mrs. Violet Mooers.
a manlcurist, in her store. at ~ Winter
street
The woman is at the Boston Relief
Hospital where the physicians say she
may recover, and Olmstead Is under ar
rest, awaiting the result Of her injuries D,
Olnstead, who has a wife and three
children living in Newtonvlle, where Mrs
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-03-14

Cornelius c, FELTON,. the son of Mr.. and
Mrs. Edgar c. FELTON,. of Haverford, has
been brought home from Boston. suffer
ing from "A fracture of the leg. He was
thrown from an automobile when it
crashed into another. Mr.. FELTON,, who In
student at Harvard, was accompanied
by his fiancee, Miss Maria Dallas Agassz,
of Boston, on his return yesterday.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-03-14
Judge Stakes 18th Anniversary

This is the 4sth anniversary Of Judge
Stakes admission to the bar. A num-
her of lawyers extended congratulations
Since 1906 the Judge has been a MEM
Der of Court of Common Pleas No. 5.
lie is an indefatgbale worker and last
night toilcd until ~ O'Clock in the prepara-
tion of an important opinion
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-03-14
unidentified Man Hit by trolley

A man who was struck by a trolley
car at 61st street and Woodland avenue
today Is in a serious condition in the
University Hospital He is unconscious
and no marks Of identification have been
found on him.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-10-03
HELD VALID
". s. viii Recognize Proteee as Pres
Ident Of Nicaragua Despite
Opinion Of Opponents.

Washington, D. c.. Oct. Election
of Gen. Chamorro as president Of Mic
aragua, forecast in reports of the vot.
ing which ends today, state depart
ment officials say, will be recognized
by the United States government as
valid, despite refusal Of members of
the liberal and progressive parties to
register or vote and regardless of pro-
tests from other Central American
countries. These protests, more OF
which arrived today at the depart
ment, are regarded as inspired by pro-
fessional politicians and revolution.
lists,
No disorders nor attempts to pre-
vent absolute freedom at the polls
have been reported.
Distribution of the $3.000.000 Mica
ragua receives under the recent treaty
with the United States is being ar.
ranged between the present Nicara-
guam government and the state depart
ment. OF the $S,000,000. about 81 $780,.
600 will be paid to claimants, approved
by the Nicaraguan mixed claims com.
mission.
Reports that American bankers hav-
ing investments in Nicaragua had de-
manded payments on certain loans by
October Is were not confirmed today
at the state department. 1t was stated
that the American bankers loan had
been extended several times and prob
ably would be again.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-10-03
APPEAL MADE FOR
PROHIBITION RULE

Washington, D. c., Oct. 2.-Early de-
termination by the supreme court Of
whether railroads may be required to
transport liquor into large section of
Minnesota, In which the government is
seeking to prohibit the traffic on the
ground that it Is Indian country Is
requested in an appeal on file today.
The court has been asked to advance
for hearing test case of Milwaukee
brewing company against the govern
ment and the Great Northern Railroad
Co., which refused shipment of beer
The territory involved, formerly the
Chippewa Indian reservation, en-
braces 1900 square miles and has
100000 white Inhabitants. It includes
the towns Of Brainerd. Grspd Rapids.
Cohasset and Bsmidjl
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-10-03
FILM PROP. IS TAKEN
British Cruiser Captures Submarine
Being Used In the Production
Of q Movie Thriller.

New York, Oct. IA wireless mes
sage from H. H. van Loan" a passen-
ger bound here from Nassau on the
steamer Monterey, declares that Brit
ish warships patrololing in the vicinity
Of the Bahama islands have seized a
Submarine owned by moving pic
ture company while ION its way from
New York to Miamiy Fla, under the
belief that it was German craft. The
submarine was OF Abaco island in tow
Of yacht when 1t was captured last
Tuesday.
Those in command OF the yacht and
submarine, the message says. were
compelled to return to Nassau, where
the British officials took control of the
submarine and warned Mr.. van Loan,
who was In charge of the expedition,
not to move her without permission.
The American consul, according to the
message. identified Van Loan and he
was permitted to leave on the Monte
rey, which Is due here today.
The message states that the Amer
ican consul is taking the matter up
with the state department at Washing
ton to obtain the release of the prop
erty submarine.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-10-03
TEN AIRSHIPS MAKE
RAID UPON BRITAIN
TWO OF GERMAN zEPPELlNs At.
TACK LONDON AND ONE OF
THEM IS DESTROYED.

London, Oct. 2.-Ten Zeppelins took
part in last nights raid over England.
Two Of them attempted to attack Lon
don. One was driven away and the
other destroyed. No reports of casu.
alties have been received. Following
is an Official account of the raid:
Ten airships crossed the east coast
last night between 9 o'clock and mid
night. One airship appeared north OF
London at about 10 p. m. but was driv-
en-, off by gunflre and pursued by aero.
planes. She attempted to return from
the northwest but was attacked by
guns and aeroplanes and brought to
earth In flames In the neighborhood of
Potter's bar shortly before midnight.
IA second airship attempted to at
tack London from the northeast and
was driven of. Bombs were dropped
No reports of casualties or damage
have yet been received.
"The remaining airships wandered
aimlessly over the eastern counties. In
Lincolnshire bombs were dropped pro-
Most Of them appear to
have been dropped In open country
without doing damage
'The airship destroyed was Of the
latest type"
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-10-03
WAR SUMMARY.

Successful resumption by the Rus
rvians OF their offensive in Galicia
draws attention anew to the eastern
war theater in which the operations
have been apparently Of comparatively
small Importance since Brussiloh's $
drive was held up some time ago.
Berlin and Vienna concede that ad.
vantages have been gained by the Rus
SLAMS, who are attacking from both
northeast: and southeast Of the Gallo.
Ian capital and have gained ground
south OF Brzezany in the latter district
and along the Brody- -Zlochaff road In
the former.
On the southeastern front In Mace
donia the British have beaten on Bull
garian counter attacks, retaining the
two villages captured Saturday along
the road to Seres. On the westerly
Macedonian front, the long continued
struggle In the Kaimakcalan district
has resulted In the Serbians not only
securing possession Of the principal
heights on the region southeast Of
Monastir but in an advance Of more
than . mile north Of the main peak
where the village Of Kotchovie has
been taken.
The British left wing between the
Ancre and the Somme rivers in
France has advanced on nearly two
mile front capturing several German
positions and throwing their line to
within about four miles Of Bapaume.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-10-03
KNIGHTS TEMPLAR
IN GREAT PARAu

Decatur. Ill, Oct. 2.-Thee ~
sand Knights Templar, rep1ooe
thirty-six communicates from allsf|
OF Illinois, participated mere t09eG
one Of the largest military spoG11
OF It's kind ever seen In this -
Under command Of Frank r. ~
former brigadier general Of the IL
guard, the Templar companies po1l
pated in brigade dress pAFn1o =
review before a huge crowd.
The spectacle marked the t1gl
opening Of the sixtieth annual e
clave Of the grand commAndezy "a
Knights Templar OF Illinois q (
city. Louis A. Miller Of DecA1Hf
right eminent grand commandefsokl
grand commandery. He win - E.
ceeded In this once at the pre-
conclave by Andrew J. Redmon1s
Oak Park. II
Three special trains carrying
Knights Templar from Chicago
rived here early today. AmoAG 4
other cities represented are: Jool
Freeport. Ottawa. Cairo. UrbanA,
is, Rock Island, Aurora, Mattoon, u
coin, Clinton, Evanston, Englswd
Sullivan. Streator, Mt. Pulaski, Bio
ington, Peoria, Champaign, nanvl
Galesburg. Quincy. Jacksonville. e
Rockford.
Tonight the visiting knights VIII
entertained at reception and ba1l5
honor Of ofIicers and members Of 4
grand commandery, given BY Be1
MANOR commandery, No. 9. Decatu4|
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-10-03
SANTA FE TO FIGHT
THE ADAMSON LAW

New York, Oct. president e. p.
Ripley of the Santa Fe railway system
has addressed a letter to the stock.
holders Of the company informing
them that he believes the Adamson
eight-hour law to be unconstitutional
and that steps will be taken to resist
1t in every lawful manner.
The letter reviews at length the
controversy between the railroads and
the brotherhoods and the action taken
by President Wilson and congress to
avert the strike which had been fixed
for September 4. .e--s.s ~.
The letter continues:
"The result appears to be that, &C.
cording to the view of the government,
It is powerless to protect the public
against any nationwide combination
on the part Of railroad employees to
paralyze by strike all the railroads Of
the country.
"Since the precedent Of abandoning
arbitration aud hurriedly paying the
demands of railroad unions by special
congressional enactment has thus
been established, does it not behoove
you to exercise your influence in favor
Of appropriate remedial legislation
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-10-03
RUSSIANS BEGIN
NEW EFFORT TO.
TAKE LEMbERG.
Advances Are Scored Both
North and South of
Galician Capital
BULGARS BEATEN
ON SOUTHERN FRONT

Petrograd, Oct. .. The Austrians
made heavy counter attacks yesterday
IN an attempt to regain the ground lost
IN the new Russian drive ON Lemberg.
The war Office announced today that
the attacks were repulsed and that
1900 more prisoners were taken.
This fighting occurred on the front
southeast Of Lemberg. where heavy
engagements are still In progress. The
announcement says in part:
ION the western front In the region
sOf the river Narayukva and on the
heights on the right bank of the river
zlota Lipa stubborn lighting Ii con-
tinuing. Enemy counter attacks were
Tepelled. He left in our hands 1000
Of the rank and file.
On the river Bystritza in the region
iof Bogorodchan, our patrols removed
two field sentries and defeated the
enemy advance guards. The total mum.
ber Of prisoners taken by this section
|of Gen. Letchitzky's army during the
battle from September 19 to 28 IN.
elusive in the Carpathians on the front
extending to the Rumanian frontier Is
thirteen officers and 1886 Of the rank
and file"
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-10-03
GREECE in THE WAR
Report 10 Current That Understanding
Has Been Reached But 10 Being
Kept 4 Secret.

Athens, Oct 2. Tho negotiations
between Greece and the entente pow
ers are believed in circles close to
King Constantine to be nearing COM
pletion and 1t Is even asserted in some
quarters that military accord has
been already secretly reached but Is
being kept secret pending the arrange
ment Of details as in the case of Ru-
mania.
The refusal Of the entente to recog-
nize the Kalogeropoulos ministry has
been hampering the negotiations and
helping to confuse the situation. Ne
gotiations Of the entente representa-
tives have so far been direct with
King Constantine and are not technic-
ally oficial communications.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-10-03
HENRY FORD JOINS
WILSON FORCES

Long Branch, N. j., Oct. 2.-Henry
Ford, automobile manufacturer and
peace advocate. reiterated to President
Wilson at a conference at Shadow
Lawn today that he was supporting
him for reelection. although repub-
lican In past. Mr.. Ford took lunch
with the president.
Postmaster General Burleson, call.
er at the executive ONCE today, de-
clared he had been convinced that
there was strong undercurrent for
Mr. Wilson in all parts of the country.
which was growing in volume.
The president was up before 6
o'clock this morning working OFT cor
respondence and from 8 to 10 o'clock
played golf. He sent message OF
coincidence to the family Of Senator
Clarke of Arkansas, who died yester-
day.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-10-03
ARRANGE FORb BIG.
TOUR OF C0UNT TY.
Harding and Ramseyer Will
Fill Eleven Speaking
Engagements Friday

When W. L. Harding and G. W.
Ramseyer. republican candidates for
the onices Of governor Of Iowa and
sixth district congressman, respective
ly, arrive in Ottumwa Thursday night
they will face a strenuous day Friday.
County Chairman Homer Roth and
his committee have arranged heavy
schedule for the candidates in their
tour of the county. Many auto loads
will be in the party. music will be pro-
vided and all the county candidates
will accompany the visitors. The trip
is to end Friday evening with big
jolliication at the Grand opera house
when both candidates and others will
speak.
The following>is the route for the
tour:
$3.50 a. m.-Leave Ottumwa by auto.
9:15 a. m.-Arr1ve Blakesburg.
$3.50 a. m.-Arrive Munterville.
1O:30 a. m.-Arrive Chillicothe.
11:10 a. m.-Arrive Eddyville.
One hour and twenty minutes for
dinner at Eddyville.
100 D. m.-Arrive Kirkville.
1:46 p. m.-Arrive Highland Center.
2:20 p. m.-Arrive Farson.
300 D. m.-Arrive Bladensburg.
3:35 D. m.-Arrive Agency.
4:10 p. m.-Arrive Eldon.
500 p. m.-Opera house, Ottumwa.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-10-03
WOMEN FOR HUGHES
sptsyIaI Train Starts Out With Fem
lnine campaionsrs Who Will Seek
To Defeat Wilson.

New York, Oct. 2. Several hundred
women Of New York and other cities
attended a breakfast here this morn.
ing in honor Of corps of twenty-five
women speakers who later boarded the
women's campaign train for Hughes
for months campaign tour Of twenty.
eight states.
The first meeting Of the speakers
will be held on the lawns Of the execu-
tive mansion at Albany this afternoon.
A night meeting will be held at Syra-
cuse and the next stop will be at Ro-
chester tomorrow morning to be fol-
lowed by a meeting at Buffalo tomor-
row afternoon.
The second day Of the tour will end
with an evening meeting at Cleveland.
The party will then continue west to-
ward Chicago.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-10-03
MILK FAMINE IN
CITY OF NEW YORK

New York. Oct. 2.-The first effects
of a milk famine were felt here today
as the result of the deadlock between
dairymen and distributors over the
price the former shall receive for their
product. II was estimated that milk
trains brought to this city last night
100000 less than the usual 100000
quarts.
Some OF the milk now arriving here
Is coming from Illinois, Pennsylvania,
Delaware and Canada.
Contracts of the distributing corpor-
ations with New York and New Jersey
farmers ended yesterday and the H.
900 members Of the dairymen's league
are determined not to renew their con
tracts at less than 3-4 cents quart.
Attorney Geenral Woodbury. has
promised an investigation.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-10-03
oTTU1WA COURIER, TUESDAY OCTOBER
SPORTSMEN'S CLUB
MEDIUM OF CROOKS
s,c CHICAGO ORGANIZATION. IN.
cLUpiNo MANY CITY oFFIcI-
AIS, UNDER FIRE.

Chicago, Oct, 2-Detectives operat.
ing under the direction of States At
torney H0yne today raided the Sports.
mems Club Of America, of which May.
or William Hale Thompson was for.
merly president, and seized all records
Of the organization.
Subpoenas were served on Charles
T. Essig. secretary, and other attaches
Of the club to appear before tho grand
jury.
Assistant States Attorney Berger is.
sued Statement. that the raid follow
ed investigations which indicated that
officials of the club. including Chief
Of Police Charles c. Healey, were con.
nected with the installation OF slot
machines In Chicago.
The statement also charged that
James A. Push, president Of the club
and reputed financial hacker Of Mayor
Thompson in the campaign leading to
his election; Essig and William H.
Luthardt, secretary to Chief of Police
Healey, with being directly connected
with the installation Of slot machines.
Tho club was used to drive into its
membership persons doing business
with the city hall-handbook makers.
dive keepers, saloon keeper and keep
ers of vicious resorts" the statement
added.
"Our information shows that when.
ever . saloon license was revoked for
violation of the Sunday closing law or
other ofenses, the individual was so
licited to become q member of the
9nnrfamen,a Cluh of America
Chief Of Police Healey denied MI.
Berger's charges and said he welcom
ed an investigation.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-10-03
ENEMIES MAKE UP
AS LOVED ONE DIES

Chicago. Oct. 2.-After a flve day
vigil at the bedside of Mrs. Anna
Erickson Ruggles, who had taken a
large quantity Of slow poison, Glenn
Ruggles, her husband, and Eric Erick-
son, her divorced husband, today made
Joint plans for her burial.
Except for two or three hours sleep
snatched each day, both men were at
her bedside day and night since last
Wednesday when Mrs. Ruggles. d.
vorced from her first husband and sep
arated from the second, decided to end
her life. The men, once bitter enemies,
became fast friends In their common
sorrow.
The body will 0e buried at Syca
more. ILL.,, Mrs. Ruggles' birthplace.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-10-03
UNUSUAL CONTRACT3
TO BE SCRUTINIZy

Washington. D. c.. Oct. 2.-Scru&I
by the supreme court OF an unu1
contract by which Mary n. Gray
octogenarian Of Wayne county. -
sylvania, alleged to be feeble MIN
gave securities estimated ct ~. 7.Oo0
Charles w. Parker. IN return e
monthly income Of $3.50, while she
ed, was sought today.
Parker appealed from . decree
the Illinois federal court ordering1
titution, Of the securities, under "a
ing that the contract With Mr..
was made under undue influenco.
court. however, directed pAynoG
Parker OF $500 cash advanced IL
rying out the contract.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-10-03
OF WOMAN
ENDS IN FATALITY

Chicago, Oct. 2-Seven men fought
with revolvers over the sale" Of wo-
man for 5000, early today with the
result that one Of the men was shot
to death and another was so serious.
ly wounded that physicians say he
will die.
Fifty or sixty shots were exchanged
in the battle, which was fought in a
roadhouse owned by Samuel Harris.
The slain man was identified as Peg
gy' O'Day, saloon keeper. Daniel
Hartman his companion was shot
through the lung.
O'Day. Hartman and two associates
sped to the roadhouse in an automo-
bile. Hartman, according to the story
Harris told the police. had offered to
'selP' a woman to Harris. In antici-
patton Of trouble, Harris armed him
self and two walters. When mem.
bers of the automobile party burst
into the roadhouse. the shooting be-
gan.