davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-03-16
IOWA MAN KNOWS
GERMAN PRINCE

Webster City, March 14.-Probably
HE only person in this part Of Iowa
tho ever personally met Crown
Frince William Of Germany is Julius
EDermann Of the firm of Oppenheimer
M Bermann This fact is very inter.
Sating Just now as it is the crown
rince's army that is making the big
hive around Verdun in France-the
most momentous drive since the great
European war began.
INA Mr.. Bermann went back to Ger
1Any In 1908 for visit with his par
41nts and other relatives. He was
ight seeing one day with an Ameri-
IN acquaintance in one Of the towns
~ Germany where the crown prince
IAintains summer residence and his
tables. They met Crown Prince Will
Nam on the street one day and the
1sh and impetuous young American
6hed up and introduced himself.
e. Bermann of course followed The
Own prince was very courteous and
|nvited Mr.. Bermann and his friend
yer to his stables, showed them
hrough and offered them cigarets.
hey spent q very delightful after
ION as his guests
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-03-16

Pop was rseding the paper last mite
end he sed to ma, Whoever rote that
article moo wat he was tawking about
snxeestion is mightier than the truth
md wen your father comes In I'm 60
ing 10 try It ON him. se.
Don't b rash, sed ma.
Nun but the rash associate with the
& rave, ssd pop. WITCH jest then the
1 loor bell rang, and 1t was grandpop
ma he came up in the setting room
sayinK. Hello, everybody, how is every
body, II your all feeling like me your
an rite. I'm getting younger every day
That's odd, sed pop.
i How do you meen, odd seq grand
spop, and pop sed, meen l never saw
sycu look verse, was jest going to
sinkwire weather enything serious was
the matter with you.
Serteny not, wy never felt better
I'M nv life, wy, how do l look, sed
Sgrandpop.
Pale, sort Of, and weak, sed pop.
Nonsents, sed grandpop. And he sat
down and started to think, and pr1tty
soon he sed, Pale, heb. #--
o. lets forget it, sed pop.
NJ How pale, sed grandpop, and Pop
ned, O, about like the average sheet,
hut don't let it brother, you, Its prober-
nv nuthing
I'm feeling dizzy, sed grandpop,
SAident wunt to say enything about it,
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-03-16
LITTLE BENNY'S NOTE BOOK


but felt touch of sumthing peculiar
as I was coming up the stares, think
Ill lie down vile. And he got up and
layed down on the sofer, and ma eed
Nonsetns, father, nosents, Willyum IL
jest up to one of his tricks.
Its very nice of you to try to make
me feel all rite, but no wen I'm sick
cover me with sumthing Pawleen, sed
grandpop.
O come on, get up, was meerly
joaking, your the pickture of helth, sed
pop.
It's no use, Willum, wen I'm sick I'm
sick all over, sed grandpop. And he
kepp on laying there with his ayes
closed, goin, Oh, oh.
Cut out that grooming, your all rite,
tell you, sed pop.
Amt you got eny hart, Willyum, sed
grandpop And he layed thare for
about an hour going, Oh, oh, and pop
kepp wawking up and down looking
mad as enthing and telling him he was
all rite, and after vile he sat up and
winked at pop, saying, Sure I'm all rite.
and the next time you play eny village
joaks on old man, try sum luther old
man. = &T
And he started to laff like enything,
and the madden pop looked the more
grandpop and me and ma laaffed. and
pop sed, A joaks joak. but don't per
pose to stand this bedlim all mite. And
he went out and slammed the door.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-03-16

vous to stand in the front row tonight,
and"-with sly look under his frown-
ing eyberows-"Fred Markham has
got a smashed roadster, bruised
head and some broken rigs as memen-
tos of his heroism.'
Fred Markham! Daddy, tell me
what you mean" There was no lack
of eagerness now in Betty's big eyes,
! as she sprang from her chair and put
a hand on each OF her fathers shoul.
/, ders and looked up into his eyes.
"Well, Fred was driving along in
the park and he saw Larrys little red
and white raver come shooting toward
him like a cannon ball and on the
same side Of the road as he was
There was a small embankment slop.
ing down from the road, and Fred
tried to turn his car down the EN-.
bankment before the racer hit him
but it's front wheel struck his back
one, and his machine turned turtle
and Larry's went smash"
ooh, daddy"-almost in whisper
'is Fred badly hurt? What made him
try to Jump the embankment? Why
didn't he cross to the other side Of the
road?" ...
Betty was puzzled at the question.
ing look that passed between her
mother and her father before there
was any answer to her questions.
Because, Betty said her father
slowly, there was chance that Larry
also might go that way, and as Fred
saw there was a girl with Larry he
took no chance because he, thought
the girl might be you
At that moment, Betty's brother
Jack came bursting into the hall and
up to the library door.
"Gee, Sis he blurted out, with the
air OF one who has big news to tell
MARKHAM came deuced near being a
scrambled egg instead of hard
boiled one In spite Of Betty's wall
of protest, he added, But instead OF
staying in the hospital, he made them
take him to his own apartment and In
sisted he was all right, notwithstand
ing his broken ribs"
Betty vanished up the stairway the
next instant, and when Jack went uI
a few moments later she was at the
telephone 81
\ "And, Fred, do be very careful
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-03-16
CLAIMS HE FORGED
CHECKS WHEN DRUNK

Centerville, March 14.--Charged with
forging some checks VIM. Bennett of
Exline, is in custody of the officers.
He signed another party's name and
passed one at the Keck-Davis cigar
store in this city and another at an
Exline restaurant He claimed to
have done this while under the inf1u-
ence of liquor, which led to his telling
where he got the liquor at Shawville
and a search resulted in the discovery
of 157 bottles of beer, twenty-five
pints of whisky and eight quarts of
wine
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-03-16
LARGEST GAS WELL
IN 81 YEARS DRILLING

Herndon, March 1.-THE largest
gas we'll struck In the Herdndon field
in the twenty-one years of drilling
hereabouts has been brought in on the
Anton Leber farm near here. The
well Is under control, but when light
ed burns brilliantly at height of
about twenty-five feet in the air.
Numerous small wells have been
located about Herndon in past years.
but the development Of the field has
been cratic. Recently a more deter
mined effort to find gas in paying
quantities has been made.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-03-16
,OUPLE MARRIED
AT PRAYER MEETING

Greene, March 14.-At prayer meet
hK at the Presbyterian church Ralph
Beal and Miss Nettie Dede were
5nied in marriage. It was not known
hat they were to be married at that
line and there were not many pres
Ill.
The groom is young farmer and
~ grown to manhood in this vicinity.
The bride has been successful
sbhool teacher in this vicinity for sew
sfnl years, and has made her home
nth her uncle, John Dede.
They will begin housekeeping on a
sarm west Of town, owned by the
sbDOm's uncle.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-03-16
FREAKS QUARANTINE;
GETS GOOD BEATING

nj 1faef, March IA. - The Clutter
ayor enforced the quarantine law In
hat city, after gentler methods had
glled, by physical force. When the
<lfender had been given a good
6unding, he was put in Jail, where
Sf twelve hours he nursed his num-
eUus good sized bruises and reflected
- the wisdom of law enforcement. He
ncluded to be good and was taken
0me, where he promised to stay until
S9AlIy released. He is one Of numer-
{lns smallpox victims. The prevalence
II: the disease has caused the closing
re schools, church. picture shows, res.
Surant and two billiard halls.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-03-16

dear" she was saying, land are you
sure you have forgiven me and that
your happiness is greater than your
hurts?' After the briefest pause, she
added, timidly, And, Fred, just want
to say that, after all, Mr.. Morda,mt's
picture machine fooled on the picture
they took at the fancy dress ball.
Then she hung up the receiver with
lingering touch.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-03-16
PARENTS TEACHERS
CLUB HOLDS MEETING

Eddyville, March 14.-The parent.
teachers club held their regular meet
ing on Monday evening at the assem-
bly, room of the high school. The sub
ject under general discussion was
consolidation of Schools and many
excellent ideas were expressed by
those present. A short musical pro-
gram was given.
President Geo. Hartman appointed
Mrs. N. A. Thayer, Mrs. F. E. Vance
and H. G. True as members Of the
program committee for the year.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-03-16
FORMER DIVISION
AGENT HERE is DEAD

Word has been received in the city
Of the death of w. C. Parker, former.
ly division freight and passenger
agent for the Chicago, Milwaukee G.
st. Paul Railway Co. here. Mr.. Park
err went from here to Cedar Rapids
in the same capacity. He has been i'll
for some time and went from Cedar
Rapids to Chicago some time ago. He
died in hospital there Monday.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-03-16

violate the law They are Steve Vol
ick,. Ernie Johnson, Steve and Katie
Papich, Lee Jordan and Sherman Lee:
While still in Jail serving out their
sentence for the violations of last fall
all of these but Katie Papich were
fined 500 and costs each in federal
court at Ottumwa for selling without
a government stamp.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-03-16
UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
MAN IS FORTUNATE

Iowa City, March 14-Leo J. Brueck.
ner, third year graduate student in
the University of Iowa, has been ap-
pointed research assistant in the De-
troit public schools. He will work
under S. A. Courts, who is nationally
known in educational circles for his
work as dire ctor of the bureau of edll-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-03-16
catiOnal research.
BY C. A. vOIGHT

catfonal research.
The position will give the Iowa man
an opport nifty much coveted amcng
educators 20 do important research
work in connection with one of the
most progressive school systems in the
United States.
Brueckner is a member of Sigma M
and of Phi Delta Kappa, the honorary
educational fraternity. He was form.
erly superintendent of schools at
Lowden.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-03-16
JANIToR FOUND DEAD IN CHURCH

What Cheer, March 14.-Robert
Hueston of this city, janitor Of the
Church of Christ, was found apparent
ly dead in the basement of the church.
How long he had lain there can not be
declared but he had not been seen for
some time. 1t is supposed that the
cause was a stroke of paralysis.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-03-16
AURORA BoREALIs VISIBLE.

Dubuque, March 14.-Dubuque resi-
dents who happened to be on the
streets last week witnessed the most
magnificent aurora borealis display
that has been witnessed here in many
years. The light was SO bright at
times that persons with good sight
could read ordinary newspaper print
without any other light.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-03-16
APPANOosE DEALERS MEET,

Centerville, March 14.-Implement
dealers from Appanoose, Wayne and
Lucas counties are holding meeting
here this afternoon and tonight. The
meeting was called that they might be-
come better acquainted and discuss
the problems they have to face this
spring in greatly increased cost OF
farm implements. s..
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-03-16
That Dandruf Scare

"Chat" on the care Of white hair issued
- March 7.
Pleos0 tell me- Of Q cream 10 keep my
hands tohite and soft. read ths "Chats"
Zach morning before begin my household
tasks. It u lt1sS . pleasant eorly morning
caller.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-03-16
RAISING SHAFT FOR ERICSSON

Des Moines, March 1.-THE Swed.
ish-American society of Iowa plans to
erect memorial shaft to John Erics-
son, builder of the Monitor 1t is to
be erected on the capitol grounds in
this city. A campaign is now on for
raising fund of $4,000 for the pur-
pOSe Ys... 49, et t.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-03-16

1t the first sign OF the t0h5te po10dery
dandrx1 yoH vjsioa q bold Ae0d and
s0rjnaeles, but it u not hard to cure
Reply-Thank you 90 much for your
pretty compliment. and I would be pleased
to include that formula right here, hut
must ask you to send me 4 stamped, ad-
Gater .nd aau. 70 make
good lotion for all around use. following q
hand scrub, in between the household
tasks. It dries off imm ediately. '.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-03-16
.cNTEMPT OF COURT CHARGE.

OF COURT CHARGE.
Centerville, March 14.-Several of
VIZ liquor law violators arrested here
DIT fall through the work of the state
vents have now been put under in
s}nction and will have contempt of
strt hAAginS over them If they again
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-03-16

The WORST THING that can be said
about dandruff is that It looks I'M
tidy, as it is not unhealthy and
should give no alarm. The condi-
ton in itself does not call for tonics,
or any treatment other than getting
a cleaner and better ventilated scalp.
The danger to the hair only comes
when tho dandruff remains on the
scalp long enough to got sour.
II It were possible to keep the
scalp as clean and exposed to the
light and air as the rest Of the body.
the scalp would not have the chance
to accumulate this dead matter.
Dandruff 10 only dead particles OF
skin that have not had the chance
to be sloughed of tho scalp. No ono
is ever alarmed over the scales Of
skin that a convalesoent throws of.
It ID precisely the same condition.
In normal health the wearing ap-
parel disposes Of these skin particles
BY friction from wear. In conva-
lescence, nature ID very active, max
Ing these skin particles more notice
able. A very thick head Of hair may
make It Z greater task to rid the
SCalp u k04S COlICCSAOA. Nv0A ~ q
Quent washing will not always do #;
but Z good brushing nightly. with .
stiff bristled brush, will keep 1t NOV
Ing, and In a little time the scalp win
be entirely freed.
After the scalp Is cleared Of these
dead particles of skin, the only care
necessary is to keep the scalp free
by regular brushing, which means to
go after the scalp as we'll as the hair;
also keep up good circulation In
the scalp muscles. Keep the whole
head clean and well ventilated, and at
the first sign of this accumulation, re-
move it from the head before 1t gets
putrid and likely to weaken the hair
follicle.
Questions and Answers
had beautiful white hair, and hdve
turned Il yello,o by using q patented tonic
on It. Can restore 81 am 50 ,oorrled
over it.-Mrs. II.
Reply-1t will take some little time,
but with q new growth it will come out
the same lovely shade as before. See.
The Denver star., 1916-12-16
LEWIS G. JORDAN, D. D.

Corresponding Secretary Of the
National Baptist Foreign Mis-
sion Board-Hsads Commits.
sion Of Inspection Of Foreign
Fields, Which Sails From New
York on Saturday, Jan. 6, 1917,
For West Africa.
The Denver star., 1916-12-16
FORGET YOUR ACHES.

Stiff knees. aching limbs, lame back
make life burden. If you suffer
from rheumatism, govt. lumbago. neu-
ralgta, get bottle Of Sloan's Linz
ment, the universal remedy for pain.
Easy to apply: it penetrates without
rubbing and soothes the tender flesh.
Cleaner and more effective than mus.
sy ointments or poultices. For strains
or sprains, sore muscles or wrenched
ligaments resulting from strenuous ex-
ercise. Sloan's Liniment gives quick
relief. Keep 1t on hand for emergen-
cfes. At your druggist. CSC.
The Denver star., 1916-12-16
By N. BARNETT DoDsoN.

By N. BARNETT OOOSCN.
When a person who has a definite
aim sticks to his guns In spite of criti-
cisms and brings things to pass for
the good Of humanity he deserves cred
it. For more than a score of years
the Rev. Lewis G. Jordan, D. D., has
been the corresponding secretary of
the national Baptist foreign mission
board now located in the Ewing build
ing on South Nineteenth street, Phil
Jordan was a comparatively young
man Of forty-two. In his position as
secretary he has done ten mems work
and has done It well. He has won in
ternational recognition and favor as q
true promoter of missions.
The national Baptist convention
through the foreign mission board car
ries on mission work in west, south
and central Africa, the West Indies
and South America. 1t publishes a
monthly paper, the Mission Herald.
which is devoted to foreign missions.
The man who has the executive han
ding Of all this work in giving infor
nation, raising funds and making
plans for the going. coming and as
signing workers to the various mis-
sion stations is Lewis G. Jordan.
At the annual meeting of the nation
al Baptist convention held at Savan-
nah, Ga, the convention adopted the
Recommendation of the board to send
4 commission to visit its foreign sta
tons. especially in west Africa. The
missionaries assigned to South Africa
are the Rev. and Mrs. Herbert A..
Payne; West Africa. the Rev. Daniel
r. Horton. The above named work
ers, accompanied by members Of the
commission. among whom are Core
spending Secretary L. G. Jordan, DR..
c. H. Parrish of Louisville, KY, and
DR.. Elizabeth Sykes, will sail from
New York on the steamship St Louis
on Saturday, Jan. 6, 1917.
The Rev. and Mrs. Herbert A. Payne
will join the Rev. J. E. East, superin-
tendent of missions in the Cape Colony
district. DR.. Jordan and the Rev. Mr..
Horton will 60 to the west coast to
visit and strengthen the workers in
that section and to be present at the
dedication of the Emily Sanford hall.
Secretary Jordan will also attend the
meeting Of the Native Baptist associa-
ton. The Rev. Mr.. Horton will re-
main ON the west coast to assist in
the work now being carried on by the
Misses Taylor and Davis, pioneer
workers in that region.
The denomination throughout the
country should show its loyalty to
Christ and these noble hearted men
and women who are doing so much
for the spread of gospel truth in for
eign lands. Every state convention,
individual church, person and society
should send a contribution to the for
eign mission board at 7O1 South Nine
tenth street, Philadelphia, toward the
expense Of the commission and for the
support of the missionaries. The Bap-
fists of New York city and vicinity
will be at the dock on the morning Of
Jan. Q. 1917. to bid the commission and
the missionaries bon voyage.
The Denver star., 1916-12-16

euOscRIDG and READ the STAN
ter aviation service END esomeesne
prieeo. Let W ~ yeS SWINE.
Corpus Christi caller and daily herald. [volume] (Corpus Christi, Tex.) 1911-1917, 1916-11-19
Rates.
1c Per Word
-
the first issue,
lie thereafter
DISPLAY
AID YER Using

open Pat rate per inch. per column
eide see
same supdaya
standing display Advertisements
open rate per incn per month. ttaa
Reading Sotlcet.
pure readius matter each Insertion
Per 'nc l0c
L.cNn per line. each insertion. I've
Contracts t1r large amounts ~ a.
ur.ruF space o. application al thl.
f'fca
Corpus Christi caller and daily herald. [volume] (Corpus Christi, Tex.) 1911-1917, 1916-11-19
POSITION ~-sTEo
Miscellaneous

1872 UtaTDE DF riIyI eIHhCTIr
ifare ffHa ronrsf ~ fFrrfs fta
irsr.r. ~ fI hH lfr lfinan tf.rapfa,.
fIr fAffar fe efcenlna mofe rapifaf
write o. rartrlIafs $50
frH HcH fssiif 500 mes hsrunf
fu'-offn snf respected doctor iff-
saua lr Eneilsh ar -farift as Desired
lnter aHrraf srhaH ~ rhuerfnrf.e
reariarn Hdr ron Artnla Trsar
tt-
Corpus Christi caller and daily herald. [volume] (Corpus Christi, Tex.) 1911-1917, 1916-11-19

49, HrT hi6ea rrera ~ 3fv sklnt
seaee rare hfass. copper automobile
fiffh innff tgurs uaTariufs and %
PERI Chaflos Lard a CO.. Ga Car.
mo r. 80
Corpus Christi caller and daily herald. [volume] (Corpus Christi, Tex.) 1911-1917, 1916-11-19
OALLER CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING
- "CLEARING House, FOR SOUTH

7. "t'N r Two foons for lisa,
'''i'ns eis nu;faio rbons KS
fft
Corpus Christi caller and daily herald. [volume] (Corpus Christi, Tex.) 1911-1917, 1916-11-19

" NNthN ~ .eN u, na,at n. .e.,
''' ana fr.sotshh rtoa. Isl 49,
tf
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1916-01-15

Nobody knows-nobody will ever
need TO know. And then"
Look" Juno broke in with great
agitation. That man standing on the
walk. staring up at the house,"
Who 10 ho7' asked the nurse quick.
ly, alarmed nj the girls t~repidasion.
"It's Max Lamar--thc crime SPECIAL.
isti"
"A detective! Oh, my p~recious--a
dctectivei"
NO." June's iips curied slightly.
mot n detective. Mary a crime spc-
cialist-there Is a great difference be-
tween the two, you know. He says SO.
himself"
There ain't any difference, lamb,
when they're after you And It's you
he's aftcr-he's found out-he's found
you OUT
Hush" June commanded. placing
her hand over the old woman's mouth.
He couldn't have found out he's com.
ing to @ me. ! asked him to the
other day, Mt the prison. We're imag.
ming things, you and both Of us
and II isn't good to do that. Come
with me-"
Selling her hand June dragged her
over the lawn toward the side porch.
Ia spite Of her attempted bravado she
felt trapped.
Get yourself together. mumsie."
Mary heard June say. gayly, someone
10 coming to see us-to see me-. she
emphasized. DO you remember Mr..
Lamar-the crime specialist that VIC
met ut the prison? He's coming up
the walk now. viii you tell him I'll
he down In q minute"
Pulling at the f~astenings OF her
morning dress she hurried Il her
boudoir. She would put on something
fetching and arrange her hair difer.
entity a hundred ways and means
OF fascinating and woodworking this
very calm and assured young man
crowded into her brain.
Standing AT the door OF her room
was Mary, her eyes wide with fear.
You mustn't go down. darling" she
urged ~neryously.
You dear old foolish June an
swered lightly. come in and help me
dress, Get me n pretty dress. Tho
brown one, | think. And, Mary dear.
make me- fascinating enough TO addle
the head Of even a crime specialist"
She leaned forward and pressed
her laughing face close to the mirror
Of her dessing table. A little. blown
wisp OF hair tumbled into her eyes.
lmpaticntlv. she brushed IL back then
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1916-01-15


stared open'mouthed at her lifted
hand.
Speeches.. she pointed to Il. As
they watched. with unbelieving eyes.
the ring OF scarlet faded TO q deep
rose, then paled TO pink. Almost i'm.
mcdiatcly II vanished. leaving an un.
blcmished white surface.
Al sight Of II June bent and kissed
the spot In a paroSysm OF Joy.
IT'S eone-it's gone," she cried In
hysteric glee, and wrapped Mary In "a
crushing bear hug. That's IA good
sign | believe In signs. don't you,
you poor. nervous, cd thing DO ! look
all right, in this gown DO look pref
~ and fascinating and"
Don't be SO gay" pleaded the old
woman. f%carfuily. somehow. II sceius
so awful for You to be laughing Just
now, and thinking you're going to get
the best on that man. l."
June reached down grasped her
wrinkled, trembling hands and started
whirling her about In a mad. merry
circle, laughing Of her breathless ex.
postulations. the while.
Suddenly. in their wild gy%rations.
her elbow struck a pedesta, In the cor
ner Of the room. Il swayci perilously
for a second. then toppled 10 the floor
the large case upon II smashing 10 u
thousand fragment.
The old woman eyed tho shattered
bits with superstitious r,isgiving.