davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Freie Presse fuÌˆr Texas. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1865-1945, 1916-09-26

llniere 6euerpebr bat iidh mi

= l1niere S%euertpebr bat ii6, pie
i1on friiber, altb BET Der am Mon-
tage orobenoen l1eberi6memmllng
pieoer ritbmli6it atsge5eidNnet. Gbef
8rigbt ldifte feline 2ellte iofort al
Die batptid6li6 beorobten Ylabe,
mo- oieielben NIT fraftieer Sono Die
I'M Sluiie Ihpimmenoen 8aunl-
ltantme, 8alfen uip. mel6e oic
griiden beorobten ul1o oas @aiier
aufitaltetl biitipeg roltnnten. &api.
t1n OrIlnig, Der nit ieiner 9on1pag-
1tie nad Dem grafenrioge Barf
fommtalloiert NOR, ml1r0e beim Gin
brl1d zines geiles Der am 9abeplas
erridJteten Bride in oas @aiier ge=
i6leuoert nn6 etfpa 100 SUB bon oen
6luten fortgeriiIerL ebe es ibm ge-
lang, oas retterbc llfer 5u errei-
dlen. Cine anoere &ontpagnie, Die
an ben lfern bes alsgetretenen ala-
5an 8ades arbeitete, rettete cine
jutlge Werifaiterin, bie iid allein nit
Der @eife elmer n6breno Der Nadt
peritorbenert sSrau in einem BON oell
Sluten umgebenen Smlie befono;
alld Ser &orper ser @eritorbenen
mltroe aitf bas trofene 2ano ge-
braf)t. an Der gI Yalo uno San
Marcos Strabe mlroen orei 5rauen
uno 5tpei franfe Ginoer BON Den
SelierpebrIeuten in Siderbeit ge-
bradyt uto an Der Saflonb StraBe
murben einige gauieno SUB Sol5, Die
CUR &onltruftion elmer neuen Bride
p~ertpenoet meroen iollen, ben wiiten=
ben @etpaiiern entriiien.
Gbemalige Stltoenten Ser au=
! timer l1niperiitdt baben in elmer im
Srapis Club abgebaltenen @eriamnl-
lung Die San Antonio's l~lniueriitp
Of Seras gr-Stlloent's Niiociation"
geeriinoet. Mls 8eamten Der neuen
, @elelldaft plrben erpdblt: 9. ..
gerrea, Yraiioent; &. 5rolt @ooo-
buff, /. @ice : Yrdiioent; SRI. 9ucille
gea, 2. 8ice : Yrdiioentin, s. q.
Yfeiffer, Sefretdr : S1aemeiiter.
@ie 9err Ienniger aus 6rieo-
rifsburg Serrn 6. 81. @oetb, benz
ErGiioenten bes .ariegsba5ars~,
mitteilte, bat man in 3rieoridsburg
Elm sllitomobil gefauft, INN es Der
9a5arleituna 81 i6enfen, oamit Die
es gum 8elten Oes 8a5ars p~erlole.
Sn gerar Gountp lit burd bas
ii6 am Wontng friib entlaOenoe. BET
tige 8etpitter 5ienlid) betrddtliher
/ S6aoen allgeridtet; Die gabcof urto
Gulebra 2anoitraBen ipitroen ourf
ben foloiialen Hegen arg 5ugeriftet
rno man gIailbt, bob es 5miiden
$4,000 biz $4,000 foiten miro, Inn
oieie &~erfebrsmege mie0er in einen
einigermaBen gliten 3ultano 81 brin-
gen.
Yoli5iiten uno Wptorcpcle.
poli5iiten baben am Sdrnitaq bon
na6mittags A llbr bis Mitternoft
"a Ilttonlobiliiten uilo Su6rlellte
fuegen ltebertretungen Der @erfebrs-
Sroinan5en perboftet. 0as 8oli3ei-
gerift belt am Montag morgen cine
reide grtite.
Ger WfaDor BON Corpus Gbri-
It'll uno cine @iirger +, Population
baben General Siiniton gum geItd,
Der @oIf Staot, iopie CUR 9febtc
Der iebt bort fompierenoen terani.
Ifen Weili5.S olooten eingelooen.
Freie Presse fuÌˆr Texas. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1865-1945, 1916-09-26
9uf mad Der alien 9einat.


Die nd6iten neutralen 9ampfer,
Die goitiahen fir 0eutidIan0 uno
Seiferreif-llngarn BON Nem Yorf
nlitnebmem, limo:
Oscar II" G~openbagen, Dom
aeritag, %. geptem6er
uGriitianiafjoro1, Bergen, Cams
tag, Z. Sftober.
u9eaig 9Iao", aopenbagen, 9on-
neritag, 12. Sftober.
ustofboInt gotbenburg, Sans
tag, IA. Sftober.
uSreoerif VIII aopenbagen,
@fittnod, Is. Sftober.
nllniteo States~ aopenbagen,
9onnerftag, 26. 9ftober.
ugergensfioro" geraen, %. 9f-
tober.
Sc lit nottpetiorg, Den Narrert oes
betreffenoen Campers groB unb
oeutlid auf benz 8riefumff)lag su
permerfen. Sober grief folte ber-
art marfiert. merben, oa er ion5t piel-
Ieidt auf neutralen 9ampfern befor-
bert miro, Die englilde @dfen anIuu-
fen.
Freie Presse fuÌˆr Texas. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1865-1945, 1916-09-26
L.okdIes.
@abrideinlides @etter.
Sir San @1ltonio uno nmsegellO
Sellte a6ero uro Mittuod, beoeft.
Mns Ser Staot6aGe.


Die Sroinaft5, melde Ser @. u.
Self & Terminal &ailpap Company
nno oaour6 Der sc. s.. & &. 8abll
erlaubt, geipiIle StraBen 81 benuBen,
UNI gum Depot in Der Siio-Slores
StraBe 5u gelangen, puroe enogiiltig
angenommert. Die sc. s.. & e.
Bubn garatttiert in ibrem 4ontraft
nit Der Terminal &ailpap fir allert
Sdaoen enlightenment Der ben An-
ipobnern Der @eltfaa ape. onraus
erwadlen mag, oaB Die 3iige our1
jbre StraBe laufen. Die Mnnobner
Der StraBe iino aber ni6t oamit 5u-
frieoen; tie balten Ole @orantie nidt
fir geniigen0 unb meroen perluden,
einen @inbaltsbefebl gegen Die 9e-
satueuBa ihrer strnke gu erlangen
opsleid Der S~taotanualt periiderte,
0aB tie p~oaitdnoig gelbiitt iino.
Der Stuotampalt miro Die Sroi-
ilarl8, ponad) Die 90. S.. & e. 9abn
BON ibrem @aiiptgefeiie aus 9tebele
geleiie naf Dem Sort Sam Souiton
Iegen oarf pofiir tie auf 5ebn Sabre
Die Miiaabfilbr BON innerbalb Der
Staot iibernimnlt, in Der ndfiten
Sieling porlegen. Ger 4. Sftober,
an peId)em Gage 10000 Wonn
Eruppen aaer @attnngen our6 Die
Gtaot marihieren, miro als Seiertag
erfl1rt. Ser Steuerfommiidr s. s.
@arlano, Der Dem @eiet nad ge-
5tpitngen lit. 8itraldaft i'm 9etrage
BON $100, 900 81 itelelL mill Die linn
0aralis eripadienoen llnfoiten bon
$500 per Sabr mif Die Staot a6la-
ben. gr iaet, oas @ebalt zines ieben
&ommifidrs lei auf $4,000 per Sabr
firiert, fpenn er $500 oapon a6ge-
ben miiB, bleiben ibm nur $500
uno er itebt binter ieinen GoGegen
5uriid. Ser Staotantpalt miro oor-
iiber fem @utad)ten abge6eit, Oh bie
Gtaof Den Gommiiidr 5t ~entihGbigen
bat ODER nidt. Sir 6rei aranfen-
marterinnen fuuroen $500 bemiGigt
9reihnnoert 9oaors tr1gt bas Conn
tn uno $3.50 loQen onrh freipiGige
geitrdge auf9e6radt weroen. DDS
@elo reiht Bis gum /. Sanltor 1917.
Die 3. 90. 6. q. erbGlt grIoubnis,
Elm leeritebenoes @rrnoitiif in ser
3. StraBe ais Sahrraoplab sa be-
nuben. Sic Tflaiterling ocs 6rend)
8lace mo Moin 9(pe. bis Srmmit
apenie miro entgegengenonmen
9ommiii6r &eariin empfieblt ben gn.
fauf zines @~ritnoitiids, ode Soutb
Yreia un6 ShooI Strabe fir $500,
bos Mug. Miiggc gebort. Gearnp
iogt penn Miigae oas @runoItilf
fiir ben @erfebr abihIieBt, Ser @olt
einer Bride iiber Sen SluB notipen-
Dig miro. Gas Suniet @opertiiilQ
Spitem erb6lt cine Tiid5ablunq bon
$7f.24, Die linn inter Der reuen Or
oinan3 sufonmeii. Die 8etition BON
8iirgern, oaB elm &eflomei6iIo on
Der gde BON Noro 2dreoo uno On
preB StrGBe entfernt tperoe, miro a6.
getpieien, oa es Den 8orifriften ae-
NAB oufeeitellt mur6e. Sir oie 3n-
riidiebung oes Sprisenbaules, gfe
bon Wain Mpenrte uito @oma1to Ctr.
iperoen $1,000 betpiaiat.
Freie Presse fuÌˆr Texas. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1865-1945, 1916-09-26
Ssirntsidciuc. - Wcbnrten.
Sp6eSf6ne.
Setrutsidei II e.

Setratsideine.
Bernard 5. 2otbringer urlb Marp
Ignes See.
Or. Senrp 2eonaros nno s(gnes
@ielede.
gilbert e. @allanoer ulo Sobanna
Solgeriobn.
Senrp 3ieeler mo Bertha @ller.
rero.
Charles %. eunwig uno matbiloe
2ailr.
2eslie @ollratb mo 6rances @eIt-
faG.
o II IT e
IS. sc. Shoenfelo un0 6ra1l, Elm
anabe; Soc Siepers uno Srm1, elm
&nabe;; Gus. &id)ter uno 6rau, elm
Wf1b6en; 81. 6. Soiepb unb Srou.
ELM &nabe; Gbeo. Gngelbarot uno
Sral1, Elm Mdbden; g. g. 2obnlann
II. Sran, ELM anabe; 8. q. @noerle
nnb Strait, Elm 8nabe.
Eobesf6IIe.
2oren3 8. Oefer, "a Sabre; Slide
Slider, 10 Sabre; Sontes 81. Sitter.
ling, IA Wonate; emma Soas, SO
Sabre.
Freie Presse fuÌˆr Texas. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1865-1945, 1916-09-26
Nns 8albingtpm.
(6ortIebung BON Seite p

CS%ortiebung pom Seite p
Sabersperiammlllng abhdlt, geiibt,
inoem er iagte: u9lmerifa lit tatiadt
lif nod nidt aufgeipodt. 9as ome-
rifmii6e 8olf lit nit Gei6peroen
belddftigt. Seine @eiebgeber BADEN
&~ir6turm=8olitif III rationale N1lge.
~legenbeiten bineingetragen, iid nit
fleinen ger~beiierungen 6ei0aftigt
uno lid unberllfener8eiie in gelddft-
lid)e Ingelegenbeiten BON &iirgern
eingemiidt. obne iib ben Shaoen,
ben iie anridten, FLAIR SIT MAIDEN llno
obne Die @eltz5ragen al perIteben,
Die i6rer 2oinng barren"
9as uerlangte 4l1sfubr : 8erbot fir
@ei5et uuo Mebl.
Die BON Seem gorf ausgebenoe Be-
meguna, melfe our1 Die 8adermei-
iter int gan5en 2anoe aufgenommert
meroen ioa uno Die Elm 8erbot ser
Iusfubr bon @eiaen nto Mebl per-
langt, Der ipdter elm Ioldes fin atl-
oere Sebensmittel folgen ioa, bat Der
Administration cine i9mierige Srage
sur @oiulg %anfgegeben sic BON ibr
gebieteriIh nidt idone @orte ionz
oern Saten foroert. Man meiB lebr
mol, oaB Die b~eitdnoige Steigerurlg
Der 2ebenSmittel : Yreile ltnbaltbare
3ult0nbe geldaffen bot. Die 2obne
Der Irbeiter iteben, trotbem Nuf,
b%eiiernngen itattgefunoen baben, in
feinem &erbaltnis 81 BEN Soften Der
2ebensfiibrltng. @eroen lebtere nod
peiter binaufgetrieben, 10 iino 9fot-
ltaitoe uI1altsbleiblidl oenm leI6it
oeliti6e gbemifer, oenen befunntlid)
aaeS mogli1 lit, baben bisber oas
8ebeimnis nod nidt ergriitoet, pie
MOI bon Der 2uft leben, obne &J-
item iid fleioen itno ales bas obne
oas NOTICE aleingelo li6 beridaffen
fam, mas SIT oes 2ebens Hotourft
gebort. 9oB Die Irbeitslohne me-
ientIi6 geftiegen iino, ldBt iidj mol
bon betlen Ginger alaiien bon SIR
beitern 6ebaupten ni6t aber BON
Der groBen Waiie. Sil einem v8ul-
letin" bes uuniteo States &ublic
9ealtb Serpice" miro erflGrt:
uObne ben @erluit bon arbeits5eit
aus irgeno eillem @rurloe in Sin.
ldlag 81. bringen lit ermitteIt NOR
oenL oaB in Den leBten Sa6ren in oen
Saupt : Srouitrien Der Ser. Staa=
ten etipa eit Siertel bis Elm 9rittel
Der mannliden Mrbeiter I'M Glitter
bon ann1berno a6t5ebn Sabren mo
oarii6er peniger ais $40 pro ISOLDE
%uerbienten, 3mei-9 ritte[ bis 0rei=
Giertel %peroienten meniger als $15
u1o MIR ettpa elm 3ebntel peroiente
itber $50 pro ISOLDE"
Sn &erbinoung NIT Der Sornerlng
eilteS Mltsfitbr : &erbots fir @eisen
uno Mebl lit Die Srage aufqeporfen
iporoen, OF Der Yrdiioent Die Mad)t.
pollfommenbeit gum GrlaB zines
lol6en beiitt. Gs miro eingetparot,
oaB oo3u Die grmd6tieung ieitens
oes &ongrelies notmenbig lein mir
De. Gin Brdoeoen5faQ mar am Iu.
fange oes ariegeS nit Spunien 51t
ber5ei6nert, ais Der &ongreB 8rGii-
bent MfcGinlep cine oerartige Or
madtigutq ols &riegsmoBnabme En-
teilte. @s miro b%ebollptet, oaB oieIe
@rmadtigung nit 8eenoi9ung oes
arieges erloid, aber Der &on9reB
ipitroe iiderIid nidt 5ogern, Elm
oerartigeS &erbot gut8ubeiBea, foate
es %nottuenotg erI6einen.
Die @abrunesmitteI : Srage oiebt
Der Administration 5t ernIten @e-
Iorgniiien @nlaB. Ole grnte lit in.
folge Der anbaltenoen Diirre ldIed)-
fer dltSdefaQeu n[s felt SSohrpn N,.
Freie Presse fuÌˆr Texas. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1865-1945, 1916-09-26
0runOeiaeninms : tlcbertraamnaen.

6rau Charles 8iebl an s. 8antapa.
@rlnbftiif an Der San anita StraBe;
$25.
@mif @ronle unO Sron an ebfparr
8 Srono, 1872 6s100 Ider 9anb;
Suiirs 6. @ueeae an 6. areiO.
@rlnbftiid IN Ga giaa @~uabalipe;
1925.
s. 8. 8ettp an 6. s. uuo s. e.
@alm, @runoltiif an Der Gulebro 4be.
un0 Wc2eob Ctr; 800.
@. s. @ammentbaLer on @alter s,
Sran3, @rnnoitiid in alamo Seiabts
1915.
Freie Presse fuÌˆr Texas. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1865-1945, 1916-09-26

Gin fodbreho 6es @etpitters am
gfortna frib IN &unnels County ee.
faleter itarfer Sagel bat Die Baum.
tpoaen : Grnte Inn ettud 100000
~geidabigt.
Freie Presse fuÌˆr Texas. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1865-1945, 1916-09-26
Observation-Disclosures perIamat.

Sin s~eluanbter 3eitnngs-Reiienoer
oerlanst inter b%orteilgaften 8eoin-
enhsen. Mnk quite Gmpfeblnnsem ba.
ben. applifationen sn ridjten an bic
Sreie Greiie fir Seras.
Freie Presse fuÌˆr Texas. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1865-1945, 1916-09-26
Ser urermiiitlide gand)o @ian.

XII ur0llbttlttD fuituJo Stuu-
Die 5ortldritte, pelfe Hanho
8iGa, Der 6ei u%uierer &egiernng 10
idledt angeidrie6elre merifaniI6e
8anoitenfiibrer, i'm norolihen Meri=
co n1a6t, o~iirften Elm 3uriif5ieben
Ser amerifaniiden Sruppen unter
Sen. Yerlbing 5ltr Solge baben. 0as
nuroe id)on ieit Ginger 3eit beab=
Iiftigt, aber imnrer nieoer binaus-
geid)oben. Gin ldngeres 3oeern
ibeint nidt angebra1t, oenn ELM lam
ceres 8ermeflen amerifanilder
Soloaten in Werico miirbe BEN onrh
omu6Iames @arten" bisber bernie
oenen &onflift NIT unierer Na66ar=
Hepltblif nmpermeioli6 MAIDEN.
@em es 5tpiihen Ben alnerifaniihen
Srnppen uno Sen W~erifanern, gIetd)=
piel inter meiien 6ii6rung iie fte-
ben, gum Sample fommen iollte,
10 miiroe cine IeraQgemeinerltng
uno @usbebnung Ser Standardization
nift p~erbinoert iperoen fonnen.
8eribing nl1b feline 2ellte iino Ieit
8iaa's grfolaen piel nottpenbiger
gum S6nbe Ser @renae ais in Meri-
co.
@s bat Sen ani6ein, ais Of sic
&egierung 81 ibren bielen Misgrif-
fen in @ebanbluttg Der merifaniiden
Srage eiilen nellen nno folgenidue-
rem bin5ufiigte, als tie einen eroBen
Seil Ser Staatstruppen bon Der
@ren8e 5uriif5og nno Ser politiiden
@irfung meaen nad Saule ianbte.
Dab inter Sen obpaltenoen lint
itdnoen giinItige Grgebniiie Der in
Nep 2onoon, Cont, g~efiibrteit Ser
banolungen amerifanilder urlo meri-
fmiifer @ertreter falim gu ertpar-
ten fem merben, lit einlelidtenb.
&iln's grfolge beeintrddtigen nod
mebr Serrn 8ilon's Mnsiidten anf
@ieoerernq6lunq. Seinrict.
Freie Presse fuÌˆr Texas. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1865-1945, 1916-09-26
Y1aret Beribt.
8ammipoqe.
San Intonio, Ser, Is Cts.
@albeIton, geitern, 1866 Cts

gaitmiDDlle.
Smn antonio, Ser, Is Cts.
@albeiton, geiterH. 1856 Cts
Gpttoniamen= Hroonfte.
San NntDnio, Seq, 26. Sept 1916
Erime CRUDE Cotton Seeo Oil, 60
Cents EEL @nfIone
gleu gOrf, &c. Sept. = Spot, s1O.45
bib; Sanuar, $10.28 unb 5000,
Sebruar, $1O.40 uno $fO.44; Mdrs,
$10.52 nno $10.53, Mpril, $10.55 1tno
5000; September, $10.45 uro
$11.00; Sftober, S10.46 n1lo $10.49;
Hopember, S10.26 unb 5000; 9e3ems
Der, $10.24 uno $10.25
Tarm-4rponfte.
San 4ntonio. Ser, 26. Sept. 1916 -
Butter .:...... 21c per EfunO
gier INN friide) SO. i, 3Oc per 0bo.
go. 2, 15c Der 9bo.
5ihner ......... 15e-20c per Gfo.
Surfeps 15e per 8funo
8ei5en 1881 Der glifel
aorn' .......... $1.00 per 8nideI
9afer ............ SOC per 8ulheI
Sen ....-. ...... S14.00 per Sonne
Wemiie.
90 aartoffeln, California, $2,65 uuo
@iiBe aartoffeIn, @bite garn. s1.75:
Hiimpfin gam, $1.75 uno $500.
3tuiebeln, California, $2.75 IL. $500.
2piebeln, grim. per 9bb. 9inbe[ 45c.
Bobnen, Crime, 1925 Der BuideI.
9faoieshen. 40c +. / Dbb. sNiinbeI.
8lnrnenfo6l, &c urb 7c per Tfo.
aohl, $500 per Crate.
@riiner Hfeffer, 81 per gnideI.
GeHerie, Csc uil0 75c per 9liBeno.
Reteriilie, 35c Der 9bb. @giinSeI.
Somaten, Serns, a &1rbe, 85c un6
Meerrettia>8 nrseiu. per Yfo. 12ht
8rrfen, Der Crate $500.
Gopfialnt, $500 per Crate.
@elbe @nr5eln, 40c IL. SOC per 9b6.
Snuai6. soc II. Doc Der 8uiHel.
Spinat. 75c Der guIfel.
Ora, $1.00 fir guIfeI.
Veetcn. 40c per 9bb. S8iirbeI.
@attnloupes, Gtanoaro, $3.50 Der
Crate; Gonb. $1.25 per Crate.
@ierpflan8en, $500 per gnidel.
gieb Warff.
San 4ntonio, Ser, 26. Sept. 1916 -
&ihe 1915 bis $3.50.
adlber $4.75 big $3.50.
Sdien $500 Bis 1926.
gu0en $4.75 Big $500.
ct. 2ouis. 26. Cert 1916. - Ninbs
bieb. SeraszGieh. $3.50 Bis $3.50.
Sdfpeine $500 bis $ff.25.
Sditte.
Gdtpere uoni ghIahter ......22 gts.
9eihte btm S6Inhter ........22 gtS.
Vriin geidlaene ..........18h gta,
Seize.
Wolf utio Studs 30 Gts
ungorasSieeen, per gfb. ......10 G2.
Tneoras 8ieaeu befhdbiat 49,. 8 ca
Freie Presse fuÌˆr Texas. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1865-1945, 1916-09-26
6ams Ill uerrentem.

Sas mntere nnb obere Stodmerf
BON @r. 218 Cit-Gpmmeree Gtrafe
lit at berrenten. @abere gusfunft in
ser Office Der .Treien Ire''c"
Freie Presse fuÌˆr Texas. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1865-1945, 1916-09-26

gs lit Ieidter, ettpo1 Sdlim-
mes 81 oerldlimmerL els epas
@attes at berbefern. .-.slLL
Freie Presse fuÌˆr Texas. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1865-1945, 1916-09-26

54 fomlnt, oaB oie IN Speidern anf=
beuabrten 0abrltngsmittel 8or=
rite ourd) Maiienzausfubr na6 ben
2droern ser 4aiierterl in beangitl=
GENDER 8eiie permiroert moroen
lino. Gtmas muB gei6ebert, oariiber
lit man iid in &eeierungsfreiien pol=
Zig flar, oern cine ueitere Steige-
r1l11q ser 2ebensmittel : 8reiIe miiB-
te notgeorungen Die IdlimmIten Sol
gen uno 9(rbeiter l1nruben i'm Sc
folge boben, Die III ibrer Nnsoeb-
nlng uno @efualttdtigfeit aQes bis
fer 9agemeieile in Ben Sfntten tel
len fDitroen.
Freie Presse fuÌˆr Texas. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1865-1945, 1916-09-26
Nan urlaubntsI6etue

2innars & Sreb, 2aserbaus, 9afota
Ctr; 5000.
The Topeka state journal., 1916-05-04

Paris-Nancy line. When the Germans
took st. Mihiel in September 1914,
they cut the latter line In the retreat
from the Marne the Germans halted
at Varennes and Montfaucon. and
from these towns their heavy artillery
commanded the Paris-Verdun line by
indirect fire and it ceased to be avail
able. There was left to the French,
then, only one narrow-g gauge line COM
ing north from Barbecue, a light
railway. incapable of bearing heavy
traffic because of the grades. Prac-
tically, then, Verdun was isolated, so
far as railroad communication was
concerned, and the army defending
the Verdun sector was dependent al
most entirely upon road transport,
upon automobile trucks, or, as the
French say camions. This transport
was sufficient as long as Verdun was
held by a relatively small force and
was only a fraction of the great front,
but would it be sufficient when the
main attack was directed at this sec
tor and the Germans massed two thou
sand guns and a quarter of a million
men on a narrow front? Could France
munition or supply an equal number
of men and sufficient guns to meet the
storm? The Germans believed not.
The Topeka state journal., 1916-05-04
Earth's Had Many Ice Ages.

Everyone with intelligent interest
in the history of the world on which
he lives has heard of 1.-The glacial
epoch" or the ice age. The inhabit-
ants of the northern portion of the
United States have no doubt gem
hills and ridges and the huge powders
with which they are familiar are due
to an irresistible invasion from Can
ada by the great ice sheet at a
date just preceding that which geo
ogists term recent" yet many thou
sands of years ago.
1t is, however, not strictly correct
to speak of the lice age or the
glacial epoch for there have been
many of them. 1t is now known that
even this latest or Pleistocene glacial
epoch has several important divisions,
and in the Rocky Mountain region it
appears that important changes in the
form and height of the mountains, due
to wearing down by erosion, took
place between the glacial subepochs.
More than so years ago it was recog-
niZed by English biologists that GER
tain masses of gravel and breccia and
certain planed and grooved rock sur
faces in rocks of Permian age in India
indicated glacian epoch vastly older
than that OF the Canadian ice Sheets
but it is only within the last 80 years
that biologists have learned that gla-
cial conditions have required at many
different times in the earth's history.
The evidence of this has been found in
all continents, in Europe, Asia, Africa,
Australia, South and North America.
The formation of great ice sheets took
place at different periods in the larger
divisions of geologic time back to the
Proterozoic-that is, to the age of the
oldest known sedimentary rocks, a
great many million years ago. One
OF the most recent discoveries of old
glacial deposits is that made by Pro-
fessor W. W. Atwood, of the United
State Geological Survey, in 1913. in
southwestern Colorado. Near Ridg-
way Professor Atwood found typical
glacial till, containing pebbles and
powders showing well preserved
scratches and other markings, occur
ring beneath Tertiary lavas of the San
Juan Mountains and upon Upper Gre
taceous beds. From the conditions of
occurrence 1t is clear that these Ridg-
way gravels are of early Eocene age.
Professor Atwood's report of this dis
covery has just been issued by the
United States Geological Survey as
part B of Professional Paper 95, under
the title "Eocene glacial deposits in
southwestern Colorado"
The Topeka state journal., 1916-05-04
WHY VERDTN

why did the Germans choose YER
dun as their objective? asks Frank TT
Slnonos IN one of his illuminating
analyses of the progress of the Euro
pean war. which appears in the Amer
lcan review of Reviews for Nav in an
artlcle entitled 'The Battle of Verdun
as france Saw It," and he goes on:
IN the minds of most casual readers
or history and of war news, Verdun
is accepted as the bulwark of France
the gate to Paris, and the chief for
tress of that great barrier which from
Luxembourg to Switzerland defended
the eastern frontier of the republic. 1t
was, all things considered, the strong
est place in Europe when the war
came Why, then, did the Germans
elect to fight here? The reason is
simple. The first months of the war
utterly eliminated fortresses from the
reckoning. The rapid collapse of
Liege, Antwerp, Maubeuge demon
strated that the fort had failed to
keep pace with the gun. What was
illustrated in the west in the early
days was finally demonstrated in the
east last summer, when the Russian
fortresses followed the path of the
the French after the Marne simply
abandoned the forts of Verdun as de-
fensive positions. They took the guns
out of them; they moved them to new,
concealed positions and the forts
ceased to have real Importance. Yer
dun was only a point in the long
trench line running from the North
sea to Switzerland. The forts, save
that they provided protection for re-
serves, lost all value. They entered
into the system of trenches and Yer
dun was defended by men and guns
and by bitches, precisely like Rheims
or Arras. In the second place, Yer
dun was the most difficult place in
the French line to supply either with
men or munitions. Before the war
two railroad lines of first Importance
met at Verdun-one, a double-track
line coming east from Paris in the
direction of Metz, the other coming
north along the Meuse valley from the
The Topeka state journal., 1916-05-04

pings while hot and stir until flour
is Drowned, then add one-haf cup
vinegar. Stir until this thickens. 1t is
very good over dandelions, endive.
cabbage, potato salad and almost any
thing where salad dressing is used.
HousecIeaning Helps.
To remove putty from windows, use
a little kerosene and soap mixed
To clean white woodwork and ce-
ment in kitchen or bathroom, use
baking soda freely instead of soap. 1t
makes it beautifully clean and does
not take the gloss off as soap would.
To Clean Window Shades-Duplex
shades: Take shades from brackets
and lay full length on floor Take
plenty of good white soap and corn
meal and a small stiff brush Go
over all the shade. Rinse small piece
of shade at time with clean water.
Holland or linen shades require a
as porous as the duplex Care should
be taken to spread papers on the
floor first. Your curtains will look
like new after they are done
Wallpaper Cleane-Take four ta-
blespoons pastry flour, four table
spoons salt, half teaspoon coal oil and
just enough water to make a stiff
dough. Put on fire and stir until it
gets sort of tough, then work with
hands for a few minutes This is
and it will never stick to the paper.
To Preserve Cut Flowers.
Dip them, while fresh, in gum wa
ter. Let them drain for a few min
utes, then place in a vase. The gum
will make a thin coating on the stems
and leaves, thus preserving shape and
color.
Faded flowers may be restored by
dipping them in very hot water half
way up the stems, then lay them by
until the water cools. The portions
of the stems which have been i'm
mersed must be cut off and the flow
ers placed in clean cold water.