davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-25

While I was in California last sum-
| mer l saw almost everywhere, cool
ers or refrigerators which were used
to keep milk sweet. butter firm, and
to cool water; all this being done
without the use of ice. l made one
of these coolers myself, land most of
those I saw were made by local car
/ penters, although they are kept on
sale in some Of the towns.
| am not an expert with tools and
in the remote place where l happened
to be, tools were scarce, but with only
a square, saw and Ratchet, 1 made the
cooler and 1t worked just as well as
any other one I ever saw
We kept butter perfectly firm In it.,
and fresh meat cool and sweet. All
sorts Of stewed fruit was kept in it
much longer than it would have kept
outside. as the temperature was above
100 degrees for weeks at a time and
went as high as 10 more than once.
We would put glass fruit cans full
Of drinking water in this cooler, and
it was kept cool and refreshing, and
probably much more wholesome for
drinking purposes than 1t would have
been had it been iced.
To make one of these coolers,
skeleton frame made of 2x2-inch
posts, joined by 1x3-inch strips is set
up. In this, shelves are put at con-
venient distances apart and the four
sides are covered with burlap. 1 used
barley sacks for this purpose.
The cooler I made was three feet
square. Ordinarily, a water-tight box
eight or ten inches deep, the size Of
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-25

of at least one foot a handful of sand
under each bulb If the soil is inclined
to be stiff. and planting SO that the
crown of the bulb will be at least four
inches below the surface of the ground,
are the general requirements.
While lilies may have partial shade,
they should never be planted near or
under trees The shade or protection
Of tall-growing, herbaceous plants is
sufficient. In fact the best results,
both as to growth and effect, may be
had by planting amongst low shrub
berry or border plants. Most kinds
are the better for remaining undis-
turbed for a number of years; but If
they are taken UP and divided, or
moved to other quarters, they should
not be allowed to become dry.
The Madonna lily is one we are
familiar with from seeing it painted
In pictures Of the Annunciatton. It
was the special favorite of the early
italian artists. It Is pure white, beau
tifully chaste In form and bearing. It
grows from two to three feet high, and
blooms in June. Its flowers show to
advantage when they have a back
ground of dark evergreen.
The Turks Cap is stronger grower,
often reaching seven feet in height.
1t bears three or four dozen flowers
orange petals, tipped with red and
spotted with black. It likes half
shade, but grows very we'll in the sun.
A clump Of these gorgeous lilies In
bloom attracts great deal Of atten-
ton.
The Bellflower lily blooms in June
and grows two or three feet high. It
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-25

Drawings for a hay shed whfcn Il
to he part of the permanent farm
eouipment have been prepared by the
Office Of Public Roads and Rural In
gineering Of the Agricultural Depart
ment, Washington, D. c., and work
ing drawings, with a bill of materials,
NAV be had upon application to that
o1Iice.
The construction of this shed 1s
such that it may be built In as many
sections, each Is feet long, as are need
ed to meet the different requ1remnts OF
individual farms. The width IS 20
feet and the height to the caves ~
feet, with a quarter-p1tch game rooi'
If the building is more than three seo-
lions. or 4S feet long, there shoulo
he a hay door in each end. Each sec
ton. it is calculated, has capacity
of about 20 tons of average nay, the
exact capacity varying, OF COURSE
with the kind Of hay and its conoltioii
when put in. With good al1alla II
NAV be possible to put as much as 20
toms into each section. In case the
building Is used for alfalfa lean-.o
for storing baled hay may be oulit
on one or both sides.
AS planned, the shed is OF the maxi
mum width consistent with ease IN
moving away the hay, ana the III
terror has been left clear OF braces III
order that the hay may be gotten IN
and out without interference. In the
drawing prepared by the department.
the top I feet at the sides are covered
hit if desirable the whole building
may be inclosed.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-25

bears clusters Of bell-shaped flowers
Chence its name) which are yellow.
spotted with black, or red, spotted
with black. They like the sun. Dig
the lily-bed deep. two feet at least.
They like well-drained location,
therefore, put in a layer Of broken
stones, unless there Ia a gravel subsoil.
One Of the lovliest flowers grown 10
the Madonna lily tilium candidum).
1t should be planted in August, as il
makes leaf growth in autumn. Set
the bulb ten or twelve inches deep In
weEl-prepared soil. in little pocket
of sand. ...,.
Lilies prefer muck and leaf mould,
and dislike manure unless 1t IL thor.
oughly rotten. Protect the lily bed
during winter with leaves and other
litter. The American Turks Cap, and
Canadian bell-flower lily also demand
August planting.
Lilies ltke light, rich soil, and detess
heavy, poor earth, and cannot stand
heavy manure near them unless It IN
old so that 1t crumbles and mixes with
the soil readily. "
Plant the bulbs ten to fourteen IN
ches deep, and give each a pocket Of
sand. When the cold weather APP
proaches cover the lily-bed under q
warm blanket Of leaves or other litter.
In potting lilies. set the bulbs two
inches or more beneath the soil: Tho
larger the pot, the larger will be the
plant. Auratum, Speciosun. Longi-
forum and BrownM are all suitable for
pot-cu1ture. After pokting, water and
set in q dark closet or cellar, keeping
the soil moist until roots form and
the tops start, when tho pots may BE-
brought to a cool window, say In Jan.
uary or February, II early started.
The lilies named arc not suitable
for window blooming, but win bloom
In the spring IL treated aseS,ggssted-
The Amazon lily (Nucharisl may b
similarly 'oaeed for. but yeQsztnes moro
heat, as II comes from = warm
country.
Spotted calla I1s~a summer blooming
plant, and should be rested In wanters
In the fail set the pot tn faost-pgoo4
cellar or room, and wzsn3soad water
from it until spring. Then, when
danger Of frost is past. bad It oa1a IN
a rather sunny place. and -n,s1srh fhe
soil abort it ON tho apptoRch ofshos
weather with stanAe-aatteR Or. i
preferred, report II. sivsnP NJ. lsIse
Dot. and rich, poEons sofi. n either
case the pIant WITH almost h11sEay
bloom during summon as
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-25
BY f. Fl. HUGHES, Missouri Agricul-
tural Experiment Ttation.

BY f. II. HUGHES, missouri Agrlcul-
tural Experiment Ttation.
then ate it when her feed was re-
duced, but soon after had to be taken
out Of the experiment because of dis
temper and Indigestion. The horses
that received silage were more thrifty,
and their coats were in better condi-
ton and cost less to feed than those
which were fed exclusively nom
silage rations.
One of the breeders. with whom t e
college has kept II touch, has been
feeding silage t" about 100 draft
horses for twenty-five years without
any sickness which he thinks could
be directly charged to silage. During
the breeding season he feeds silage to
the mares as usual but gives none to
the stallion, because he has difficulty
in getting the mares In foal when the
stallion was fed on silage At other
times he feeds eight pounds of silage
at each of the three feeds per day to
his aged stations in addition to some
hay and grain. His two-year-o stall
lions get 20 pounds of silage day,
and the yearlings about Is pounds in
addition to some hay and grain, while
the mares with foals at side receive
20 pounds At weaving tine this
amount is divided and about 5 pounds
is given to the mare and pounds to
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-25

stand the heat, cost less to produce
and seldom decay from any trouble
In the interior of the egg. Kill, sell
or conflne the mature male birds as
soon as the Matching season is over.
s.. Keep the eggs in a cool place.
A dry, cool room. or dry, cool base
ment or cellar, will prevent shrinkage,
mold and chick development.
8. Don't let eggs come in contact
with bad odors such as paints, kero-
sene cabbage or decaying vegetables
or meat.
10. Held eggs deteriorate. They
shrink in weight, evaporation takes
place and they lose their flavor and
freshness. Market the eggs twice a
week in hot weather
II. Keep one variety Of poultry
, and produce eggs of one color.
IL. Market your eggs in clean, 30
dozen cases. or in cartons holding one
dozen eggs, depending upon the de-
mand
13. Don't expose eggs to flies and
dust and dirt and thus spoil their ap-
pearance.
IA. Confine broody hens or remove
them at once to the Matching depart
ment.
Is. Never expose market eggs to
the direct rays of the sun, to extreme
heat or to rain.
49, Keep the poultry houses free
from vermin, clean and sanitary.
II. Feed wholesome food and pro-
vide pure water in clean vessels
IS. Sell your eggs only to buyers
who buy loss-off and who are willing
to pay you for quality.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-25

young plants and not be allowed to
fruit. In setting out a new patch it
is only these young plants which
should be used. They are recognized
by their smaller crowns and bright
fibrous roots
Renewing Old Beds-Stra " berries
are rarely profitable for more than
one crop. If the patch is to be re-
fruited, NOV off the old vines after
picking is over and burn them, and
then pillow out the old plants, leaving
the runners to renew the patch. Sub
sequent treatment consists of clean
cultivation as for a new patch.
Manure or green crops such as soy
beans, coW-peas or clover should be
turned under whenever possible. Very
heavy and frequent manurlng Is not
desired as 1t is not a balanced fer
tilizer, being deficient in phosphoric
acid. In conjunction then with fifteen
to twenty-five tons Of barnyard ma
nure per acre, acid phosphate should
be added at the rate of 200 to 600
pounds.
A complete chemical fertilizer 10
of value on poor soil or where an
application of manure was not given.
The materials can be purchased sep
arately and mixed at home in the
following proportions:
1874 lbs. nitrate of soda and $50
lbs tankage.
572 lbs. acid phosphate.
100 lbs. muriate Of potash
If the patch Is burned over after
harvesting the crop every year, ro
tated every two or three years, and
varieties resistant to leaf spot planted,
very little trouble from insects or dis
eases should be experienced.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-25

by rings along the edge which are
slipped over nails partly driven in.
This constitutes the door through
which access Is gained to the inside
Of the cooler. Once in a while I saw
one with a skeleton door over which
the burlap was stretched as screen
this was considered rather elaborate
for most people.
For a time / hesitated because
could not contrive how to make a
water-tight box with the tools at my
command. At last 1 happened to
think of a superannuated galvanized
iron Wash-tub and I used this with
perfect success, punching the holes in
it with a wire nail.
This sort Of a cooler could be used
anywhere during the hot weather and
Is a real boon to those who live where
ice is not procurable.
Any carpenter can build a nice one
in a few hours. The principle on
which 1t works is a well-known one in
physics-that evaporation extracts
the heat from the air.
The water, seeping down through
she loose burlap sides of this cooler,
evaporates as rapidly as it drips from
the box and thus cools the interior
many degrees below the outside tenn
perature.
Such a cooler requires that the
water-box be filled once or, twice a
day, rarely more than once, and the
benefits derived from it much more
than compensate for the labor in
YOlYed.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-25
GOOD ROADS.

Road construction is bound to be
slow because of it's great cost. Fig
ures show that the average cost Of
sand clay roads in the United States
is 500 a mile, of gravel roads $4,000,
3of macadam $1,000 and of asphalt
macadam 500 mile. 1t has been
estimated that the States are spend
ing about s250,00O,0OO year on
roads, and the expenditure Is increas-
ing every year. Europe has a great adj
vantage over us, because the old coun-
tries have handed down to them the
best kinds Of roads for centuries.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-25
GOOD CREAM PAYS BEST.
BY l.. G. Rinkle.

The American farmer who sells
cream should insist that the creamery
grade his cream. This will tend to
Gull out the poor quality Of cream and
make possible a better grade of but
ter. Give the creamery good grade
of cream and they can make good
grade of butter. Good butter sells fo1
a high price, therefore top prices car
be paid for the cream. Better cream
prices stimulate the farmer in obtain
ing better dairy cattle and increase
the desire for a more careful study of
economical milk production.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-25
DESTROYING NICE.

How to destroy injurious mice Is
difficult question. The owl and the
hawk are the natural enemies Of mice,
as Is the cat. and to some extent the
dog, the weasel, the mink, the otter,
and the beaver perhaps. but these
suspected enemies Of the mice have
been killed There are few of them
remaining, thus mice have increased
rapidly and 1t seems necessary to en-
ploy strychnine, which may be mixed
dry or otherwise with crushed grain
or whole grain, wheat or oats. How
to place this deadly poison within
reach of mice without destroying other
useful creatures Is a question difficult
to decide. . ..-.. ...s .. ....s....
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-25

spoils the bloom and spells the keep
ing quality. The last thing a hen does
before laying an egg is to deposit a
fluid about it which seals 1T, as 1t
were, and acts as a protection.
7. Produce infertile eggs. They
stand shipment better than fertile
eggs; they do not develop germs, with
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-25
MARKETING POuKnHXRRoC
UC1A

Unifonm p4ouutts cpsnan6 ~
h.s+ nrfces Pure bred 1ovvA be-
uniform products.
Begin marketing <1e oouso -
soon as they weigh FIN poo.>
tain a marlretahas Wei9&
When selling the eggs to39'9 enns,1
try merchant op'oasn huycs ~
the transaction be on .
After ono lot Of ofssdasan6 = ~
moved from the p1ouds3 tpnA 800
thoroughly and srEa8 Win dsssA
fectant. +. ...,a.. -. d. sa Z
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-25

1t has been said that the lily has
no poor relations" each of them be-
ing perfect in itself. Many of the
choicest kinds are comparatively I'M
known although easy to cultivate. In
fact almost all lilies may be grown
with comparative ease. A light, rich,
we'll drain soil, mellow to the depth
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-25
FOREIGN BUTTE II COMPLETES
WITH OURS.

The close grading Of cream has be-
come absolutely necessary. Within
the last few years creamery butter Of
the United States has been meeting
with greater competition from foreign
butter Butter from Siberia Austria
liza, Denmark, and South America has
come to our shores by the shipload and
sold in our large markets alongside
American made butter. 1t has poured
into the United States on both the
eastern and western coasts.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-25
DIPPING AND SPRINKLING
SHEEP

For sprinkling. sheep are penned
together and the solution applied to
the fleece by means of watering pot
with hose attachment; but this plan
is not to be compared with Individual
dipping for efficiency.
For the protection Of wounds. oxide
of-zinc ointment, to which 10 drops of
carbolic acid have been added to each
ounce, or a mixture of flowers of sui
phur and carbolized oil is very useful.
The sulphurated oil can be carried in
a can and applied with a brush after
stirring.
There are a large number of agents
that will destroy the maggots, but
most of them are of a poisonous char
acter.
Tennessee Is moving in the front
line OF the turkey procession.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-25
TO Keep THE BOY ON THE FARM.

Every lad who As worth his salt on
the farm or elsewhere sometimes mas
visions of a broader life than the
deadening daily drudgery which comes
to too many farm boys. Farm work IS
hard work, but it can be made allur-
ing by sympathy, variation and prom
Use Of reward. Next to the home the
place to teach the boys the real value
and opportunities Of farm life is in the
market place. Make him partner IN
the business, give him share or the
proceeds to use as he pleases, and ne
will quickly learn where his buttered
bread comes from. Any boy worth
anything at all will not long be con-
tented to work hard and get no share
in the profits of the farm.
Keep the soil loose and mellow
around tl1e celery plants.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-25

the top, is made and set on top of
the frame. Around the box, near the
bottom, row Of gimlet holes is
bored and these are fitted with plugs.
The box is filled with water and
the plugs in the holes are loosened
until the water seeps out just enough
to run down through the burlap on
the sides and keep it wet all the time.
The burlap on the front side Is fast
ened to only one post; the top, and
the other side being kept in place
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-25

The Smaller Blossom, A, Is Pistil-
late or Imperfect. Varieties Bearing
Such Flowers Must Be Set With
Those Bearing Perfect or Staminate
Flowers, as Shown at b.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-25

Much may be done toward improv-
ing the quality of fruit at picking time
by removing as soon as possible all
fruit that shows defects of any kind.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-25

When you get ready to buy a set Of
dairy scales do not let few dollars
difference In price stand in the way
and lead you to buy an inferior article.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-25
HANDLING OF EGGS ON THE FARM

In EsenialThoe
Line Business Are Those Who
the Best ManagesThe
Marke o. Quality.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-25

Unless eggs are kept in a cool place
they 80 bad very quickly in the hot
weather.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-25

There Is no need for any farmer to
keep on farming in the same old hap
hazard way.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-25
AN ARlSTOCRATIC PLANT FAMILY

Would Be Hard Find
Flowers-Taken WhoeThan the
standing Prevailing Contrary Lovely
Are All Difficult %
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-25
GROWTH OF TURKEYS.

The growth of turkeys Is rapid. CIV
plenty of nutritious and easily digest
ed food. For the first five days feed
four parts Of bread crumbs and one
part of boiled eggs. Feed ono meal
a day Of rolled oats and give all tho
sour milk they will drink. Change
gradually and in three weeks feed six
parts of wheat and two parts Of corn,
with rolled oats once day. From tbs
time the birds are ten weeks old until
maturity, give: Wheat, 10 parts$
whole oats, 2 craftsmanship to 10
parts in two weeks; cracked corn, 10
parts.
A single toad will in three months
devour over 10000 insects.
Epidemics of scarlet fever and dlnh.
liberia are caused by contaminated
milk.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-25

Mulberries are very easily grown
from seed and may often be had for
the digging.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-25

Keep the soil loose and mellow
around the celery plants. Sc
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-25

Tennessee Is moving in the front
line Of the turkey procession.
The Washington herald., 1916-02-09

PRINTERS DENY
RALPH Charge
Publication Asks Director to
Prove the Assertion That
They Villify Him.
ALWAYS HIS FRIENDS
Workmens' Organ Says He Cannot
Point to One Instance Where 1t
Has Done Him Wrong.

Vigorous denial of the assertion made
on Monday by Joseph +. Ralph, director
Of the Bureau of Engraving and Print
ing, before the subcommittee on deficien-
cies of the Senate Committee on Appro-
priations, that he has been hsrassed and
vilified by plate printers and by their
official organ, The Plate Printer, is made
in an editorial in its current issue.
Instead of meeting the issue squarely
as TO whether there should be transfer-
red from compensation for employees
$4,000, and from plate printing $45, 900
TO materials and miscellaneous ex-
penses.' making a total of $4,000" reads
the editorial, Mr.. Ralph said he was
harassed and vilified by the plate print
RS in thir official paper and else
where. The director will have some diff
Guilty In making the public believe that
plate printers or then official organ are
guilty OF the charge of viIifying him, or
anyone else, ana he will have TO look
around for some more substantial plea,
for vilification will not do the work.
The plate printers have never done
the director the slightest injury; on the
contrary, they have been his friends
have been subject to his call for assist
ance. and upon the death OF the late
director, Thomas J. Sullivan, called upon
the Secretary of the Treasury in sup
port OF Mr.. Ralph.
1T is very hard to be charged with
vilthcation at this late day, and the
director cannot point to one instance In
which he has been wrongfuIly charged
or Vilified by the plate printers or their
official organ, and we now call upon
him to make good this charge
The Washington herald., 1916-02-09
WILSON WILL attend
LOCAL G. A. R. BANQUET
Labor Secretary and Congressmer
Also Will Be at Tomorrow
Evenings Dinner.

The President. Secretary of Labor Will
son. Senators Charles Curtis. Smoot
Poindexter and Charles F. Johnson;
lingsworth. Russell. Langley and CrsRo
Gen. l.. c. Dyer. commsnder-in-chiei
Spanish War Veterans: Lieut. Gen. Mel
son 4. Miles. Public Printer Ford and
Commissioner OF Pensions Saltzberger are
among those who have accepted invita-
tlons to be present at the banquet given
by the Department of Potomac, C. A. R.
10 Commander-in-Chief r r Monfort. al
the New Ebbittt tomorrow
Col. Charles D. Loefrler. Of the White
House force. has been designated by Act.
charge OF the Presidential flag
1t is not well known. perhaps, that this
flag is never raised excepting when the
President is 10 sit under it. II is a mag
niicent banner OF scarlet silk in the
center Of which is the national coat-of-
arms surrounded by forty-eight stars on q
field OF blue
The department encampnent opens IL
Grand Army Hall at s 2. m. tonight
Commander-in-Chief Monfort will be tbs
guest Of honor
The Department convention Of tn.
Womsn's Relief Corps will open in Kit
Carson Hall at .. m. this evening the
Department president, Mrs. Mamie Palm.
er Dorsey, presiding.
Tomorrow evening at the second session
OF the convention. the full CORPS OF Off.
GERS for the ensuing year will be elected