davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-04-14
,tiIlery Sweeps French
o,s;tions from Dead Man
Hill TO CumiereS.
Used TO BRING
10 REINFORCEMENTS
...,.pay Engagement Ends with
c,,eral Petaiu'S Main Posi-
tons Unimpaired.

A., 70 "Thc lombard
"''y" nan eo4 and ou~ front from
- ~ In, 20 ~umiares contin-
= AoI' .sts bricf sentence
ID" pism''S'H 800. Mo-
| !. laws activities oasl OF inc "'U''
=. French official report con-
r''sn' -, ... .Ao German gen.
i--s the beiI'' c.-,.A.
m attack whic'.oeS'h on u''D"'
-, successfully repuised ana 'hH'
lens arc rcycrti0C 20 artillery
- 's' ''''''' .,o ,~oviors relatively
,,,riiions anu ''' A..
,-,u ALLEVIATE siroN'S "N"'''''
- ,ositicrs on both sides OF the
''' German attack on Hill No
f's'' " .4 b,,. did not material
W., - .bc steady curtain OF FIRE
is. oNlns Lr..-.-
.rntsined ny mo
Vh,n .he French projections along
-. Prook had been Strengthened
i"s,' -. v.oro .blc N engage
O., me Deii'"
-, principal Inc 20 ihe "VSV oi '"'
s-o-, Avocourt Dy Hill No. 2O4
W. ,,,--.- tf.l 20 Curieros Only
I'd DeSu 'i"'' -. -;
irs,,sl st;scAs uhaer o'''''uI' .o','
.,,s we're possible. except al pea9 MAJ
ELL where The 'ermailS were Aolv ~
stack through me- r"'l'lt~'
Trey tried 90 force q passage ne,
seen Dead Nan lif.' ana tumieIes ano
"a wor. around tho south OF the NIL
/, order 10 crvc opc II. After two
,rv. n hard lighting this manPuvre
i,lsd and with o. is believed 70 have
,,iispsed the main idea OF that p2rtic-
.isr German attack. The small gam
ssi,h the Germans made northeast Of
~ hin Is not regarded as OF q nature
= modify tho situation.
petain's Fame Enhanced.
-. .t..-..-- ,o;r. o,. 10.
All.s'! 49,. t, s,,ccoodcd orcc
5'lflal eau '9 -. -,
. s.,s. W.. ~ e o 49, lo.s tLS sdver.
w-vs s,scs thereby increasing the
-s,.'s ~ tho army and enhancing his
,sn reputation. ne is said to be quite
.fissed as long as the Germans 20 on
l,s.rs three Zines as many men as tho
French for m7ortaut results, as no
.-evs that nc fss ample reserves n
r-sss counter attack on a large scale
,fs, the on1or,ure time comes, as
ssn a. practically inoxhaustible stocks
o. srrunitor.
Since ,he rr,f month OF the war che
c.,r1t o. -rree-inch shells On France
-c-eased 90 f-3 times. Of larger shells
"A tines Iwerty-three times as many
'ir.limetre guns arc being made r.
81 August. 1914. and the manufacture
q heavy guns has increased IN the
ere rst.o
Ire present luil on tho Nerdun bat
'sfs.d IS undoubtedly due 20 the fact
"a. tbs Germans have been Obliged
. rsuse In order 20 fU up the gaps
r. their rams. 10 replace damaged guns
al TO bring up munitions preparatory
e i1rther orslaugnfs.
Night Passes Quietly.
ar,..t. --.5 -. III -.
-, KY paa''el f..e',y j." S e. ny
...l-n region says TO-DAY / Tei.C,I
= .s men. a reinah a.,acA "n icn
''' oelng prepared yesterday eFenlng
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-04-14
Mss Delapenha to Wed in May

Aonielsr. ~ j.. April l3.-The
ssecing o. Miss Viva Delapenhs,
e11gh;er o. VI. and Mrs. Rudolph Del
.psa,s, o. 90 Upper Mountain avenue,
ye FREDERICK Walter Pollock. Of New
.sis VII take place IN the ball room
ias Hote. Mo1tc.air on Wednesday,
~ 10 Ire ceremony will be per
srntc D. the Rev. Gabriel Hirsch. Of
.sf lorl Nss Ruth Delapenha will
nzic q honor. and the best man will
o..Sens-or Henry ". Pollock. Of
.sT iors, brother Of the bride
irolrr
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-04-14

OF the intermediate grades This rec
those Of the American teachers who
still remained in the islands free 10
conduct the higher branches Of instruc-
ton, including industrial. commercial
and normal courses.
The primary courses cover four
years, and comprise reading. writine.
grammar. arithmetic. spelling. drawing.
geography. music. calIsthenics, hygiene
and sanitation. government and indus
trial work. The Intermediate courses
cover three years and they are six IN
number, as follows: The general course
for those pupils intending 20 pursue
their studies through the secondary
school, the course for teaching. the
course in farming. the trades course.
the course IN Housekeeping and house
hold arts. and the business course.
The early specialization Of the inter
mediate work IS distinctive feature CT
the Philippine intermediate course Of
study and was introduced into the first
year Of tho work 10 enable the pupils
who have TO leave school AZ the end Of
the course to prepare themselves 10
play a creditable part I'm the life 70
yond the school room.
The difference in the courses lies m
the number or hours devoted to the
special or vocational training The
academic branches are so chosen that
should a pupil IN a special course final
ly decide 10 continue his studies he
could enter upon secondary work with
out loss Of time
The secondary course. Of four years,
comprises algebra. geometry. history,
civics. biology. physics. economies,
commercial geography. Eng ish. litcra-
ture, composition and rhetoric. etc.
Industrial instruction.
The industrial instruction in tho
Philippine schools is unquestionably Of
a much higher standard than that usu-
ally found in America. II begins with
tho pupils first day I'm school, with
recreation exercises. which lead by
regular steps 10 tho more advanced
courses in minor industries. gardening.
domestic science and manual training.
Special vocational courses IN the inter
mediate grades carry the work IN the
native arts and industries, such as
lace making and embroidery. hat weav-
ing, basketry, dyeing and loom weaving.
gardening, farming. manua. training.
Improvements 10 school grounds, and
the trades courses, Housekeeping and
household arts.
The American ownership of the ISL
ands has thus given 10 the Filipino
youths a system OF education especial
~ adapted to train them to meet with
success the changed conditions 81 life
in the changing Orient. That II is a
system Of popular education may be
seen from the following figures:
Twelve years after the inaugural
OF tho present system the annual on
rolment in the public schools was 30
sos pupils. taught by a force Of $500
teachers. or one teacher 10 SO pupils.
The total population for March, 1912.
was 7.53O,35l. The $3.50 teachers in
the service Of the insular government.
therefore. provided one teacher TO every
900 inhabitants. as contrasted with the
one 20 every $500 inhabitants esti-
mated under the Spanish regime.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-04-14
CAPTAIN WHO SANK
SUSSEX KNOWN
Continued from page I

son 10 obtain some satisfaction from
Germany before the anniversary Of the
Lusitania massacre. three weeks hence.
The Administration. in its note. is
expected 20 declare that tho recurrence
Of mistakes" by submarine command
ers is the stronges. argument against
the continuance Of under sea warfare
on commerce. The Arabic was tor
pedoed by mistake" as was the Nc
braskan.
The United States is disposed to con-
slider that Germany, in the latest sub
marine note, virtually has admitted ono
Of her submarine commanders is guilty
of torpedoing the Sussex.
Unless Germany should without
eQuivocstion admit attacking the YES
sci. which had aboard more than q
score of American citizens. infict ade
quate punishment upon the commander
Of the submarine and in other ways
show evidences Of good faith. action OF
a drastic nature, u is asserted. un-
doubtcdly will follow. Details Of the
policy 20 be pursued are expected 10 be
formulated AZ the meeting of the Cab
met tomorrow
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-04-14

The assumption Of Gcrmany's ad-
mission Of guilt is founded upon the
marked similarity Of the circumstances
surrounding the explosion which dam
aged the Sussex and the attack uron a
steamer in the Channel described in the
German note.
The date. time and locations arc
practically the same The damage done
by the torpedo fired by the submarine
and the explosion which wrecked the
SUSSEX are Identical The course being
followed by the Sussex and by the yes
sci mentioned in the note arc i.sr.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-08-06

$3.50 nsW Dut n. IN ! forsl9n ooun-
trys 4svsr-strtcken land. TO fa1l " dis-
800, to suffer with thirst, TO want In
hunger. to be victim Of the stsaithy
murderer, to be shot at from noun
tain fastnesses, surprised and besisged
from hidden places impossible Of dis
covery. On they moved, many TO fall,
never to see their homes nor their
kindred. Yet with this enemy before
them, hidden or around them, inspired
by the enemies OF the United states
who, for political purposes. melted
their own countrymsn TO the hatred
an American administration headed by
a Democrat, these soldiers had at the
rear of them the Awakened resent
ments in America, the withdrawal of
sympathy, the Withholding of APP
prevail. because in every public place
and from every press that could be
misled through misinformation. the
soldiers were charged with being on
an unholy mission and an unnecessary
one. and the country began ringing
with the charge made from Republi-
can masters that America was inter-
fering.
as invaders. 1t was educated by these
masters OF the Republican party;
these captains of the Republican
army. They were assured by these as
sailants of America--who for political
purposes were dishonoring their own
country-that America did not ap-
prove the movement OF the soldiers.
the object of the mission, but indict-
ed the proceeding as one of injustice
and wrong. Naturally. these Mextcans
took license and felt encouraged, as
they now knew that in America there
was still political party that ap-
proved OF every assault they mado
upon anything. anywhere, that was
directed by Democratic President.
Quite boldly did these bandits and as
sailants accept the Invitation OF these
Republican masters and befan their
assaults anew, Reinforced with cour-
age drawn from the applause for their
depredations that they received from
these masters OF the Republican
party, who sleefully snickered with
delight that at last they had awaken
ed an Issue" though they were writ
ing IL in the trickling blood of the
murdered sons OF their own country.
Here let us remember tire contras. OF
an administration Of President Nc
Finley WREN he was called to serI his
punitive force to Cuta- The De-
mocracy, which had been cursed and
defiled. end in the South oppressed
and abused, in the West ignored and
denounced or held up as unworthy
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-08-06

- unuAtraetfA - 49, - y6AsG
iaid shsir grisvunoss a1tdA fersot
their wound. the son OF the man who
had worn tho gray linked arms with
the SON Of the soldier In blue. and en-
rolled themselves under the nag OF
their reunited country. and 70 the cry
OF my country. and nothing but my
country. and my country forever"
they moved on. though thsy knew It
was to sicken. to fall. to die. All over
tho nation the leaders OF the democ-
racy Joined in ono union Of echo In
support Of tho President. . vindication
Of America From no point in the
nation was a Democrat to be found
30 despicable in character, 90 want
ing in patriotism. and so low In In
trigue as to open backfire upon the
President that he might accomplish a
political object at the expense of tho
defeat Of his country and tho dishonor
of his nation. All were q union then:
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-08-06

CONTINUED on Second Page, Second
Section.)
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-08-06
CANCER CUIg1D AT -
KEI1r4AlG HOWxEAx

Tho record Of he x1fI
Hospital IL without pasa1l1 T.
history. having cured WftA4
the use or tho KNIFE, Acids =
Ray or Radium. Ovor ~ ~
cent Of the many hunAroGD e.
sufferers from Cancer wl,lcls &
has treated during the Do1G
eighteen years We want Uvo4T
man and woman In the Unleol
States to know what Ne ore -
ing. KEIILAM Hospitals 1g1a
w. Main st.. Richmond. Va.
Evening star., 1916-11-27

THE OAKLAND" 20Oo COLUMBIA ROAD
Five and seven rooms. ami:
Apply as(.Oakland." Write call for de-
sctfptire pamphlet and prices.
OSCAR ". WHITE. Real Estate Trust bldg
Evening star., 1916-11-27
FARMS.
FOR ~ALE-Continue1.

STOCK. DAIRY. FRUIT. POULTRY FARMB;
suburban homes: all sections: city bonss and
Investments for sale and exchange. any kind
real estate sold and exchanged
ARTHUR NJ. CONNOR,
..ci oxford bldg. 726 18th NV.
Evening star., 1916-11-27
FRANCIS b. MoRIARTY. Attorney.
OFFICIAL NOTICES.

OFFICE OF THE COMMISSIONERS OF THE
District of Columbia Washington. November
"a 1916. Ordered: That Section 32-a Of the
Euildinr Regua tions OF the District Of Colum-
hi, designating certain streets business
streets for the purposes OF light and ventilation
he and the is hereby amended by addins
thereto the following: q street. northeast. from
First street lexington place. OLIVER Y.
NEWMAN. LOUIS BRowNLow and CHARLES
W EITTZ CoTarn Ss onors II. &.
OFFICE OF THE COMMISSIONERS OF THE
District of Columbia. Washington. Novem-
ber a. 1916 Ordered: That Section l.. or
Article MI OF the Police Regulations of the
district of Columbia be. and the hereby
Is amended so TO read follows: Section l..
A vehicle shall not be left in such position as
TO prevent another vehicle from moving up
close and parallel to the curb In front Of
trance to a building nor to prevent anotL-
er already stopped near the curb from moving
away nor within Eve feet Of a fire hydrant ia
the northwest section of the city bot tnded by the
north line of I street the nOrth on the east
by the east line Of Third street. the south
nv the south line of street. and the west
by the west line of 18th street; shall a We
hicle be stopped in any other section of the city
within five feet of fire hydrant located upon
a street corner OLIVER p. NEWMAN LOUIS
BROwNLOW and CHARLES W. KUTZ, Com
miss;oners d. c.
Evening star., 1916-11-27

INSPECT AT ONCE.
OPEN ALL THE TINE
1902 IRVING ST. NV.
Close TO 14th st. cars and CENTRAL
HIGH SCHOOL. Only NEW houses in this
part Of Mt. Pleasant. Large lots. Paved street
and alley. BEAUTIFUL IHoME.
ALSO
oo3 R0Ck CREEK CHURCH ROAD
II sold; left; 7F.: large lots: highest ele-
vat ion; facing park: at end Of Soldiers Home
cars. AND
3J46 NEW HAMPSHIRE AVE.
Living room plan: open fireplace; beaned cell
ing: q fine home for a low price.
Il. II. GRUVER owner
Phone NJ. 16s. 6I6 Union Trust bldg
Evening star., 1916-11-27
FARMS
FOR SALE.
FOR SALE.

FOR SALE.
FARM OF 90 ACRES. 2 MILES FROM BELTS
Vile Nd, Prince Georges CO., II miles from
washington. s-room residence; chicken house:
.ooI Lo:se; stable; fine orchard; price, $3.50;
easy terms JOSEPH C. ZIRKLE. 203 Colorado
ldg
SEVERAL ACREAGE TRACTS, CLOSE TO
city, Improved and unimproved: nve (5) to 30
acres at bargain prices.
Main 76d. sth ~. Woodward building.
Evening star., 1916-11-27
FOR sALE-HoUsEs.

FOR SALE
AN UNUSUAL" HOME BUY
In what is one Of the prettiest and most desir-
able spots in the northwest west of Sixteenth
street. High elevation, refined surroundings.
House. which 10 practically new. contains o
spacious rooms. tiled baths. hardwood trim.
double floors. hot-water heat, electricity and
gas. hotwater heater. rcomy pcrches. pantry,
large, well ventilated kitchen and every addi-
ticn that you could possibly desire In q home.
Brick garage.
PRICE. $500. CONVENIENT TERMS.
n. L. sANSBURY CO., NC.
721 18th st. NV. Phone NJ. 1904.
Evening star., 1916-11-27
WANTED-To BUY.

WANTED TO BUY STORE AND DWELLING.
dwelling that be remoGeled for
business purposes. Address Box l6l-A. Star
office
Evening star., 1916-11-27
FURNISHED OR INFIKNISuED.

THE BURLINGTON
APARTMENT HOTEL.
Vermont and Thomas Circle.
Phone North -.
UNFINISHED
Doctors once .................. s2s 90
j room and private bath. q. 50
] room -ecep. hall and bath. $50. 90 IS. 90
2 rooms, ba ath and reception hall. 46. 90
3 rooms. bath. kitchenette and pantry. 90. 90
q rooms, kitchen and bath .....--........ g. .UU
43I Rooms-IeI Baths
ABSOLUTELY FIREPRooF.
Largest snest lobbies and
reception In che city.
Dining room, seating $50 at individual tables.
will be open December l.
Suites In the addition-72 rooms. 90
baths 80 bsIcones-are ready for lease; Army
and Navy clause.
single rooms with private hath. newly fur
uiShed-hotel service.
$I.so-S2.oo Per Day.
Evening star., 1916-11-27
NEW YORK REAL ESTATE.

AT $50 DOWN AND ~, MONTHLY FOR 2
years. New York city real estates the best In
vestment In the world: Inspection, trip free
satisfied or money back See WOOIt HARMON
4 CO.'S local mgr. 2o1 Stewart bldk 4. city.
Evening star., 1916-11-27

FOR RENT-FI.OYD E. DAVIS. 7th & L S.w.
h27 III, sw sto dwS45 90, GIL 7th or sto35 so
21s 9th sw' Or b 50 so 60s 7th sw. .sto. DIV 80 90
99i lath su Or b. 80 col 3O9 7th ,sto, DIV. PC 90
$40 Md ay ne Dr. b. 27 sol 713 l Sc, Or. b.. % so
1901 KENYON NV g. b25 50 7ls F sw, 8r. b. 20 so
so4 Az sw Or b 90 sol 324 I sw. Or, b. Is. so
SIa .w Or b. 20 sol 454 NJ sw, Or, b. Is. 30
1876 5th ne, Or. b. 30 l0lo va aV sw.or.b!d o0
IA + sw' Or. b. 15.5OI 81 sw, Or. IA 80
a54 Al. sw t,r II sol 423 10th sw. Or. IL so
+. ~, ,r IA SOj Z Y Ne, Rr, b.. IL IN
,,,, T. sw Or IL sol $50 4 sw, Or. IL so
IS22 q Can Or h. l3 OOI 44S 11th sw. 5r. IL so
1895 Huntn sw 6r. .12.00l 63S L sc, or-.... ~ 3O
922 sw, Or. IL. DOL 92S sw. 6r.; ~ 90
1918 LIST sc, Ar. .10.60l ll06 9Th sw. Or. DIG %
kRear 427 O sw 4r. .60l 61S g sw, Sr. Q. - 5G
al Lettfe sw, Ar. .30l a02 7th sw, 1r D. 90
For q more conDleto LIST call aI tns omces
The Pioche record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1908-1925, 1916-10-27

ment No. / entitled, Assembly Joint
and Concurrent Resolution, relative
t. amending Sec. Z of Article Of
the Constitution of the State of Ne
vada", approved Mar. 26, l9l3-Feb.
4, 1915. (permitting investment OF
permanent school fund in bonds Of
proposed Constitutional Amendment
No. 2 entitled Senate Concurrent
Resolution, relative to amending Sec
ton of Article of the Constitu-
ton of Nevada, approved Mar, IA.
l913-Feb. s, 1915. (Allowing in
crease of bonded Indebtedness OF
State from 100000 to l per cent
Of assessed valuation of STATED, as
required under Sec. so of an Act en-
titled IAN Act relating to Elections
aputoved Mar. 30, 1915, now on file
and of record in this Office.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, | have
hereunto set my hand and affixed my
Official Seal, at my office, in Phoebe
Nevada, this 23rd day of September
| A. ID. 1916.
SEAL
CUAS. CULVERW ELL,
County Clerk and EXOtticio Clerl
of the Tenth Judicial District Cour
of the State of Nevada, in and TO
the County of Lincoln.
The Pioche record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1908-1925, 1916-10-27
SUMMONS

In the Tenth Judicial District
Court of the State of Nevada, in ard
for the County of Lincoln.
Opal Leota Blackburn, Plaintiff, V,
Clarence Crittendon Blackburn, De
PENDANT.
The State Of NryaGa sends greet
ings to said defendant
You are hereby summoned to APP
pear within ten days after the service
upon you of this summons if served
in said County, or within twenty
days if served out of said County,
but within said Judicial District, aud
in all other cases within forty days
exclusive of the day of service), and
defend the above entitled action,
This action is brought to recover
a judgment and decree of divorce
upon the grounds of extreme cruel
ty, and further, of non-support for a
period of more than one year, all of
which is more fully set forth in the
complaint on file herein.
Dated this 18th day of September,
A. ID. 1916.
lSEAL)
CHAS. CuLVERWELI..
Clerk of the Tenth judicial DIST
riot Court of the State of Nevada, in
and for the County of Lincoln,
9-l5-10-27
The Pioche record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1908-1925, 1916-10-27

is identical with cor. No. 4 of said
Dead Pine lode; thence S GO deg
AZ min. w 1922 feet to cor No. .
of said lode: thence n % deg. "a
min w 6015 feet to cor. No. of
said lode; thence n GA deg OIL min
L 1884 feet to said cor. No. l, the
place of beginning, which is identi-
cal with cor No. l of said Dead Pine
lode, containing a total net area of
9l.527 acres, all of which is claimed
and applied for, the conflict between
the Velma Lode and the missing
Link Fraction Lode being excluded
from said Missing Link Frac-
ton Lode in favor of said
Velma Lode, Said Lode Min
ing Claims Consolidated are a
portion of Sections % and %. T l
n, r &c f. Mt Diablo Base and
/ Meridian.
Each of said mining claims is of
record in the office of the County
Recorder of Lincoln County, State
of Nevada, at Phoebe. Nevada. There
are no known locations in the vi,
entity of said, survey
| direct this notice to be published
in the Phoebe Record at Phoebe, Ne
vada, the Newspaper published near
est said mining claims consolidated
for period of sixty days.
SHOBER j. ROGERS, Register.
N. A. ROBERTSON, Attorney fo
Applicant, 410-l1 Felt Buildin!
Salt Lake City, Utah.
First pub. Oct. 27; last pub. Dee 2
The Pioche record. [volume] (Pioche, Nev.) 1908-1925, 1916-10-27

ton, relative to amending section
three of article nine of the Con-
stitution of the State of Nevada
Allowing increase of bonded in
debtedness of State from $500 .OoH
to I per cent of assessed yalua~
ton of State.
Twenty-siXth Session of the Legisla-
ture, March IA, 1913, Statutes OF
1913, page 5S5, agreed to and pass
ed at the Twenty Seventh Session of
the Legislature, February s, 1915,
Statutes of 1915, page SIC, and SUD
ject to ratification by the people at
the general election of 1916.
Resolved by the Senate, the As
sembly concurring, That section
three of article nine of the constitu-
ton of the State of Nevada be
amended 80 as to read as follows
Section 3. The state may con-
tract public debts, but such debts
shall never in the aggregate, eX-
elusive of interest, exceed the
sum of one per cent Of the
assessed valuation of the state,
as shown by the reports Of the
county assessors to the state con
troller. except for the purpose of de-
fraying extraordinary expenses, as
| hereinafter mentioned. Every such
| debt shall be authorized by law fol
some purpose or purposes, to be dis
| tinctly specified therein; and every
| such law shall provide for levying an
annual tax sufficient to pay the inter
est semiannually, and the principal
within twenty years from the pass.
appropriate the proceeds of said tax
es to the payment of said principa
and interest; and such appropriation
shall not be repealed, nor the taxes
postponed or diminished, until the
principal and interest of said debts
shall have been wholly paid, Every
contract of Indebtedness entered into
or assumed by or on behalf of the
state, when all its debts and liabil
! tiles amount to said sum before men
toned, shall be void and of no effect
except in cases of money borrowed tt
repel invasion, suppress insurrection
defend the state in time of war, or, |
hostiities be threatened, provide TO
the public defense.
State of Nevada, County of Lin
coin, SIS,
|, Chas. Cuiverwell the duly elect
ed, qualified and acting County Clerl
of the County of Lincoln, State o
Nevada, do hereby certify that Il"
foregoing is a full. true and correc
copy of Certified Copy of the Orig
iaal proposed Constitutional Amend