davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-02

compeller forms q new crowd. or gives
new direction to an old one The ex-
ponent II q leader made by h crowd
which soAne one before him formed.
He expresses the crowd to itself. Tho
author adopts Mr.. Lloyd George as
the type to-day of his "crowd ex-
ponent." HE is the visible and audi
Bile incarnation of popular tendencies.
His emotions respond as sensitively
to those of q crowd as ever a barome-
ter to changes In atmospheric pres
sure. Ho has never manifested any
trace Of an Individual mind or OF In
dependent thought. He has added
nothing to the stock Of political ideas.
but he has perfectly voiced the ideas
Of the crowd" In addition to COM
pellers and opponents. crowds have
representatives. A constitutional mon
arch is me-: fortunate II he be also a
crowd exponent. a marvel among men
II ~ be in addition a crowd compeller;
a true leader Of his people. Such. the
author says. Is the present King
Of Belgium. A Judge % the
bench is u crowd representative:
his voice IL the voice Of the
people administering Justice. Expo
nent voice the emotion OF a crowd.
because they cannot do otherwise;
representatives are selected n
hedged about with conditions. to give
Official expression to the settled opin-
ion Of tho crowd. president Wilson'S
idea seems to be that the head OF a
nation has no business to do more
than voice the already formed opinion
OF his people" Crowds dea with each
other through crowd Representatives.
in diplomacy.
acknowledgment Of national crowds
Every crowd desires expansion for IT.
self, which implies restriction for
others. When the internal expansive
force and the external resistance are
In equilibrium there is peace. That
old friend balance of power" has q
1elative' here. A restraining force OPP
posed to the expansive force Is in the
action of individuals. impeding crowd
passion. II the individuals organize
y peace crowd" in time of peace they
may appear influential. 'but when the
national crowd makes for war It swal-
lows up all contained crowds Of what
ever sort"
This IL he philosophy OF Sir Martin
Conway. 1t II not an addition to the
stock Of ideas. perhaps. so much as a
new formulation Of old ideas. In the
new clothing they may gain renewed
attention. The result Of the examina-
ton into "crowd" relations. between
the mass and Its units. and between
masses. in Government. education,
morals and religion, with endeavor to
Ak upon the Just mean" between in
dividualism and socialism. IN a stand
ard Of individual conduct, in which
personal judgment Is kept free from
the effect Of crowd passion-and that
Ia Just what intelligent people have
always upheld as q rule OF conduct.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-02
AIMS TO ABOLISH AMT
WORD Relic of Childhood, Says
WeAtern ORGANIZATION.

An organization that liz TO wage war
upon such verbal m~onstrosities az "a,n',"
mas peen born In Kansas. and no douh,
VIII spread over the land. Iowa needa
u. keokuk shSuld have one. The Du.
Duque 1eieyrdph-Hcrdid has the follow.
Ing on this subject:
haiisas. which produced Sockless
SIMPSON. carrie Nation and William
Alien White 10 lea the nation into ,ruor
channels OF life. has now evolved a Co.
ciety which will fight for the purity n,
the English language. IS It's long wills.
kered citizens once fought for the purity
OF the home on the Prohibition t,cke,
Kansas has given birth TO the Ana.
amt Association, "a society whose oh.
ject is admirably set forth I'm It's alll,.
erative title. and promises to dazzle ,he
world with Kansas culture, as mani.
Tested by opposition to Americas great.
est grammatical error. an error which
custom and long usaRe have nlmos,
justified Into correctness.
Thefe are perhaps not 100 men and
women In Iowa who have not Mt soma
time been guilty Of using "ain't" when
they should have si<S "isn't' or aren't"
The number Of Americans who daily use
amt with reckless DISREGARD to thu
scattering OF conventions and good Eng
lish would probably fall not much short
or 100000. 600. while those whose respec.
for language leads them TO forbcar such
an abhorrent practice will he found
chiefly In those seats ~ learning which
have become famous Tor their rect!tude
OF conversation through good fortune
In being the birthplace of master poets
and essayists.
It Is no easier to say "ain't" than 20
say isn't or aren't or the other cor
rect forms for which 'ain't" IL 80 IRE.
Quently substituted. Good diction, like
good manners, ., a matter OF custom and
OF practice. and one who let's himself
comfortably relax from either soon finds
himself slackly committing errors at the
most embarrassing moments.
"Aint' IL a solecism OF childhood,
easily acquired. but like all childish
mannerisms and tricks Of speech. ex-
ceedingly dihicslt TO be rid of when
maturity bids correctness. To permit
the child TO say "ain't" II To do irre-
mediable harm. for, in direct proportion.
the adult will find difficulty In eradicate
Ing the error, IL. indeed, 1t Is ever pos
sible TO 10 so.
For the Anti-ain't Association TO con-
ine its endeavors to eliminating "ain't"
from tho vocabulary of the srownups
will be a useless discharge of energy.
Tho pernicious seed of childhood has
grown TO the pestilent dandetion of ma
turity which II is impossible to uprGot.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-02

drawn his inspiration from the Eng
lish Pre-Raphaelites and also from
Walter Crane and Kate Greenaway,
This is an example of the way in which
Mr.. ETHEL deals with the plays: "As
to The Blue Bird opinions differ
strangely. To some 1t Is a charming
allegory, full Of the deepest meaning
and Of truths f%orcefully conveyed ever
to simple minds; to others II Is a
hodgepodge Of commonplace and obese
complacency. 1t Is at all vents a
~palatable epltome Of the doctrines
elaborated by Maeterlinck in his es-
says, spun around the main theme
that the blue bird of happiness. often
sought in the distances OF romance. Is
only to be found at home" II Is
clear that Mr.. Bithell cannot forgive
Maeterlinck for violating his precepts
that the FIemings are brutal and
that no true poetry can be popular
or remunerative.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-02

Designed 10 enlist our sympathy for
a suffering people. The JeUs OF Russia
and Poland, by ISRAEL FRIEDLANpER
'Putnams). does not altogether sue
coed. The volume la based on a
course of lectures. delivered before the
Dropsie College for Hebrew and Cog.
nate Learning In Philadelphia. Now
that half the world IL at war upon the
territory which Is officially designated
as the Pale OF the Jewish Settlement.
a sketch Of Russian and Polish Jews
is particularly timely. Tho author
says he has tried in making such a
sketch to bring out tho larger bear
ings Of the problem without becoming
~entangled In lesser details. The VOL
ume Is written frankly from the stand
point of a Jew without any attempt
to disguise sympathy with the Jews
in the Slavic lands who still at tho
beginning Of the twentieth century
continue to endure all the agonies Of
the Middle Ages. The author asserts
that without attempting to DO indlf-
ferent, he las yet remained unbiased.
Naturally the question that arises In
the lay mind is. why on earth, with the
world before them. the Jews should
insist upon inhabiting that particular
corner of the globe where they are
least welcome and least considered.
The author speaks CT his race as one
which has never surrendered It's iden-
tlty FOR yet sunk to tho level Of gyp-
sizes, in spite Of uninterrupted and
unparalleled prosecutions, but has
managed to preserve it's mental and
moral vigor and remained a powerful
factor In the life of civilized humanity.
There is, says the author. no apology
necessary for II. Tn, Jews, he said,
have never been told to love their
enemies. but they have suffered too
long from the human habit of gen.
erallzation to indulge In any elaborate
condemnation of entire peoples. Tho
Jews. he says, hate wrong but not
wrongdoers.
The title OF the volume calls for
some explanation. The Jews of Rus
STA. in the specific sense Of the geo.
graphical term. do not constitute tho
problem generally associated with that
name. The Jews In Russia proper, that
Is, outside the actual Pale OF Settle
ment, are a negligible quantity. They
form but a fraction of one per cent. OF
the population and though harassed
and veXed by an urfriendly Govern
ment are too few In number and too
scattered yer a vast area to claim
particular attention. The bulk Of
what generally goes by the name of
Russian Jewry, constituting not less
than half the Jewish people through
o,,t Tho uyprid lNao In tI,a IDcI. - G..
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-02
Psychology OF the Crowd.

French and italian writer's founded
the fashion Of "crowd psychology" In
this country it was treated In "popu-
lar" style by Mr.. Gerald Stanley Lee
"Crowds." 1919. and now I'm The
Crotcd IN Peace aud War CLongmans,
Green and Company Sir MARTIN Con
WAY ~endeavors to ascertain tho nature
Of collective as differentiated from in
dividual psychology. Objective obser.
walton OF the conduct Of men in groups
Is much more entertaining than the
scientific measurement OF mental &C.
ton and reaction and has a bearing,
which the author brings out clearly,
upon practical institutions. Does So
ciety gain or lose. and In what way
and how much when its government
In various phases is controlled by
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-02

followers declared he had made 1000
conversions in the United States in
the first two years of his PROSECUTING
campaign. The names Of his asso-
ciates are not Anglo-Saxon.
In the winter OF 1s9S-ss pilgrlmages
were organized to visit the shrine and
leaders at Acca. Two converts whom
DIR" Kheiralla had married, Mr.. and
Mrs. Getsinger, were in one party.
whose way was paid by an American
lady. The holy household" was
found suffering from Internal dissen-
sions and the pilgrims took up the
quarrel. The generous hacker of the
party became Disguised with some
financial Irregularities" OF it's MEM
bers and weakened in the faith. When
they returned TO America Mr.. Get
singer declared himself the true rep
resentative OF Abbas Effendi and there
was civil war between his adherents
and those Of Kheiralla. An emissary
from Acca tried to put II the fires Of
dissension in the American assem-
blies." but he was not an adept at rom
citation. In one address he said: 20
violator. thou spotted snake. thou shalt
| NC SSiSCu "bth " ehNot toituic anu
thou, . sister serpent. who art way-
ging thy sinuous way and trailing thy
deceitful slime over another region,
know thy fate" He declared ne would
call down the vengeance Of God on
Eheiralla. This was hardly the
vocabulary Of peace: the emissary
brought a sword.
In 1912. after IL visit to France and
England, Abdul BAHIA (Abbas) came tn
America. and stayed from April IL to
December 8. America has not lacked
its own prophetic product. as wit
ness Joseph Smith. Mary Eddy. John
Dowie, Crowdy and Indian medicine
men. But Abdul BAHIA. except for
Hindu swaInis. was the first Asiatlc
revelator America has received" The
prophet was not stoned. A grave old
man, with long white hair and beard.
and clad in flowing Oriental robes and
white tui,oan, he was treated with re-
spect-and did not create any special
sensation lie was patient with in
reviewers and photographers. posed
for the movies" and talked into the
monograph. lie spoke in the East. in
California and in Canada. Wiser than
his f%orerunners, he made it a point in
addressing audiences not Bahaistic
TO speak about things upon which we
agree and say nothing about things
upon which We differ" Thus. says
the author. he dwelt upon the father
hood OF God, but neglected to pro-
claim BAHIA Uilah as the Manifestation
OF Him. He spoke OF brotherly love,
but did not report the Quarrels Of
which Bahai history IL principally
composed. lie discoursed of relig-
ious unity. without reporting the
tendency OF his religion TO split up
into hostile sects. He praised the
principle OF arbltration-but he had
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-02
MARK TWAIN AT NINETEEN.
Read II Bed and smoked . Ions
Stem pipe.

He read more han any ono guessed.
says Albert Bigelow Paine writing o:
Mark Twa!n at ~ in tho 81. Nicholas.
At night, propped up in bed-a habit
continued until his death-he was likely
to read until a late hour. lie enjoyed
smoking at such times. and had made
himself a pipe with a large bowl which
stood or the loor and had a long ruhrer
stem. something like tho Turkish hubble
bubble. lie liked to MI the big bow.
and smoke At case through the ou'rr'
evening. But sometimes u" pipe We.
out, which meant that he must s%,rit"
n match and lean far owe. tu apply T..
just when he was mos; comfortable, SJw
Clemens never liked unnecessary 'N~"-
ton. One night, when the pig" hui
gone out for the second tire. Hc Dos be-
pened to near the young hook - T.
Rrownell. passing NJ to 10 ,"ou n
the top floor. sam called to him;
ed. corne herc"'
Browncll pukod his head IN the "'."
Tie two were great chums.
'What Viii you have. sam nc asN.'
com" in. Ed IIcury's asleep, and
In trouble. | want somebody 10 '=.t
my pipe"
"why don't you light II yoursc.se'
BroNnct, asked.
II would. only I knew you'll 70 along
in a few minutes and would do il 'or
me"
Brownell scratched = match. STOPPED
down and applied Z
"What arc YOU reading. sam
"Oh. nothing wurh-a -"-oallcd funny
book. ono or thes" days I'll vrlte a
unnier book myself
BroNnell iauEucd.
mo. you wont, sam he said You're
too lazy ever to wr,te a book
Years later, TN the course - a 'no-
ture which n" delivered IN kcukuk Mark
Twain SAID that he supposed tho mos'
untruthful man in the world l!ycd right
there in kcokuk, and that his name was
Ed Browncll.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-02

Had We never seen Stevenson's
"Child's Garden OF Verse" or Josephine
Preston Peabody's Singing Leaves"
we should have felt that JAMES
SrEPHENs's Tho Rocky Road to Dub.
lin (Macmilians) was OF q genre all its
own. For this poet too sings blithely
from the heart OF q child. with al a
child's wonder at the beauty and fresh
ness OF life and all q child's meta
physical Questioning. The note is
struck in the FIRST poem. Breakfast
Time:
The sun 10 always In the sly
Whenever I get out Of bed.
And I often wonder why
It's never iate--My sister said
She did not know who did the trick
And that she did not care n BIT.
And I should ca. my porr!dss quick.
! think rs mother wakens Il!
This 10 O real child full Of play and
child's imagin!ngs: a child who meets
"a giant with q big Cub in the orchard:
who sees tho devil walking down the
lane with n soul tied UP in a bag: and
a speck. like a bird In the sky. that
turns out to be an old man on a bit OF
flying carpet rug with q big hole In the
middle. Like Blake. too. an angel
calls on him at night and tells him to
sit bot upright and give an account
OF himself. But also he Ia a child who
Gun play. a happy a. happy a be.
In a wood Of flowers: who loves to
watch the white and silent moon stare
at folks who are asleep. and who notes
and loves each bright hour of his
sunny day. from the ono when he leaves
his bed 10 frolic in the sun 70 the last:
When the whispering wind says Bob.
Little boy" and makes me cry;
BY mv mother I am LED
Home again ana put 70 bed.
There are children whose secrets arc
sung by the wind a. this child's were:
was frightened for . wind
Crept along the srNss 10 say
Something that was In my nina
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-02

have maintained his hold on Mexico
city six months longer. To-day thsy
v turned their ink laden batteries on
Carranza, Telas Allende especially ex.
posing the weaknesses of the new sd
ministration. "
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-02

uated by admiration: in the case Of the
Russian, hatred mitiSated by con-
tempt. From this, an outsider would
naturally gather than the greater
harm Is feared from the Jew. Tho ef-
feet Of the Shlakhta Cor nobility rule
upon the Jews was extremely dis
astrous. The most striking charac-
teristic Of the Sh1akhta Is its love OF
liberty. but this liberty IL not the
Kantian freedom which includes self
restraint. but the morbid liberty which
d~egenerates into an appalling lack Of
self-restraint. The spirit Of miscon-
ceived liberty or license shows itself
in a hostile and contemptuous atti-
| tude toward work. and this Incidence
Is coupled with a tendency toward ex-
travagance and prodigality. Politi-
cally. their lack Of s~elf-restraint re-
veals itself in instability. 0eorg
Brandes sums up the Poles as "obsti-
nate. combative and quarrelsome, rec.
ognizing no higher law than their own
will
The Polish Empire. says the author.
in spite 6f its enormous natural re-
sources. became one of the most desti-
tute countries in the world. In which
the only seeds of civilization wero
planted and cultivated by Germans
and Jews. The whole history of the
Polish nation as given by this author
would lead us to believe that the Poles
had neither character. intellect nor
I'M diligence. No single line i'm the
book gives them credit for any virtue.
or even ordinary sense. One wonders
where all the genius that has gone
into It's music. for example. came
from. II, as the author states. their
whole commercial security depended
upon the Jews in their kingdom. moth
ing could rave been more i'll advised
and futile than their prolonged and
unmitigated persecution Of their only
element OF national prosperity.
A part Of a chapter IL given to the
rise of Hassidism, a sect who followed
peared in tho eyes Of the people as
the embodiment Of an ideal who by his
piety and personality could bring them
near to God.
The author ends by stating that
Russian Jewry. to Use the phrase OF
Ahad Ham. ITS greatest interpreter.
IL now standing at the parting Of the
ways Many roads are open before
II leading out OF the recent chaos, and
many Of them will lave to be trodden.
Those with a pioneer spirit. who arc
courageous enough TO blaze a path
for themselves. will go to Palestine
TO fit the land Of our fathers to be-
come IA land for our children. Others
will remain in Russia and assist in the
regeneration of the mighty giant Of
the North. Still others will wend their
steps westward. toward the h~ospitable
shores of our Own country. It is this
latter portion of Russian .Jewry which
claims our particular attention In this
land. For the future of American
Jewry Is indissolubly bound up with
the future OF the Russian Jews form
Ing part OF it. There 70 no more ur.
gent and no more fruitful task before
the Jewry Of America than that Of
conserving the immense Jewish en-
ergy Of her immigrant population and
Of infusing 1t into tho growing organ-
ism OF American Judaism"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-02

Something that I did not know
Could be found out by the wind.
had buried II so low
In my mind.
In the somewhat more mysterious
second half Of the book It Is impos-
sible not to be reminded from time to
time OF Blake. by such q~uatrains for
instance as these:
when no flower 10 nigh. you might
Spy q weed with deep delight;
SO when far from saints and bliss
God might give . sin . kiss.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-02

lie who locks . gate doth close
PHYS heart against his woss;
Hut who opens one shall md
God 10 standing just behind.
The simmer OF unseen wings. the
faint echo Of winds songs, the I'M
heard tread Of angels feet are in and
through this little volume; one which
all mothers should put on the shelf by
the "Child's Garden" and the Singing
Leaves" and take down at bedtime
and read aloud to tho child to whom
in after years Shelley and Francis
Thompson and Rupert Brooke shall
sing solace. "
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-02

meeting men may cheer wildly for
candidates or platforms that after calm
reflection they may oppose by their
votes. But to tho crowd psychologist
these after events are matters quite
separate from his interest In the col
lectivs phenomena. the formation and
conduct of tho crowd. Crowd con-
tinuity" is realized in tradition, the
permanence Of crceds and party or
g~anization: Fox. Burke. Pitt. survive
in the House Of Commons to-day"
"A newly founded school or univer-
sity canno influence its members in
the same way as an old foundation"
The crowd has two instincts which
largely govern its existence. They
are for expansion and self-preserva-
ton. Every crowd tries to grow, and
here il n explanation Of war. A
prominent characteristic Of the crowd
is intolerance for what does not belong
to II; hence tho tyranny of conven-
ton:
II Is the self preservatlvs instinct.
curiously enough. which at our present
stage of civilization IL the great impede
men, to tho eugenics propaganda. The
purpose OF eugenics 10 OF course to make
the stuff OF . people stronger and the
crowd OF them therefore more eficient; but
at present you cannot get the public to
think so. What the public. Ike any other
crowd. instinctively breads 10 loss OF mem
bership. that Is 10 say tho untimely death
of It's members unless they give their lives
for II. An executed murderer does In fact
part with his life for the crowd as COM
pletely as a soldier slain on the battlefield,
but nc crowd viii realize this.
What Of the organization Of crowds ?
Napoleon and Disraeli were "crowd
compellers'; 80 is the darby preacher.
who sways his congregation with an
ccstatic power Of hypnotism. Glad
stone was a crowd exponent" The
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-01-02

Ellie s'efh'c a!nsi. dergis hie- so!r.
Des hail.ons mou qui pendent
An eiel maussade ct noir.
Ellie s'S,i.e. pa%tientc e. .ente.
Sur les chemins. depuls h!er soir.
Sur les chem!ns Ell les venellcs.
Il. .aI..