davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1916-09-17

canal at Panama, but men could hardly
have lived in that pesthole II Gen: Cor
gas had not cleaned the place up, got
ten rid of the mosquitoes and enforced
hygiene among thousands of laborers
from all parts OF the earth.
The expense of fighting yellow fever
in New Orleans and other southern
cities was enormous. Thanks to the
how to prevent outbreaks of this dis
ease. 1t has been stated that in the
southern states and Cuba the economies
effected by the elimination of this
scourge have given thus far saving
in money far in excess of the cost of
the Spanish war. something over $780,
100000. In time of peace 1t paid to
have an army medical corps.
THE cost to the country in pensions.
always willingly paid, from the civil
war to date. has been enormous. Most
of the pensions are based upon sick
ness rather than wounds: camp sani-
tatfon and preventive measures have
made certain. where these precautions
occur again. Many pension cases arose
because men physically unfit were ad-
mitted to the service. Under the aw-
full pressure OF war process OF selec-
tion cannot be maintained and men
cannot always be held in camps to be
seasoned: but by the exercise of care
and the maintenance Of regular army
standards OF admission 1t Is believed
that the foundation has been laid Tor
reducing the number Of pensions al
lowed on the claims which are bound
to result from the present expedition
to the border.
ITO illustrate this point. recall that
in 1898 the death rate was Freeter in
the concentration camps Of the militia
and volunteers than among the regu-
lars and militia in Cuba and Porto
Rico. while in the present mobilization not
more than half a dozen doubtful cases
of typhoid fever have been reported
from nearly 10000 men; and the gen.
eral health OF all the troops has been
excellent. Thus on this mobilization
the Medical Corps will in the reduc-
ton Of pensions and the care Of the sick
repay the government many times
over for its maintenance.
But it may be asked how tho Ma
Evening star., 1916-09-17

glad, for they are of infinite use for
reference.
I'VE have a very complete file of the COM
mercial reports of the United States
and of foreign countries. Our consuls
are on the outlook all the time for for
eign statistical matter. and thereby
greatly enrich this library. A fair pro-
portion of our material is acquired by
exchange. as we have established a
system by which we receive domestic
and foreign technical and economic
journals in return for the publications
Of the bureaus of this department.
The library is intended primarily for
the use of the department, but many
special students use it, and business
men come to it for helpful trade sta
tfstics The books are conveniently
available, being in a small area. and
their contents are brought out in the
Evening star., 1916-09-17

card catalogue In . manner to make them
most readily useful.
Since It's organization, two years
ago. we have kept before our minds
the fact that this is special library,
for the special student, and II is cata-
logued with this in view. To further its
usefulness we catalogue through our caru
system not only book titles, but spe-
cial articles and chapters in books
which we believe will be of service to
the statistician and the student Our
headings fit in with the inquiries of
the bureaus.
We find this subject catalogue OF in
finite service In placing the Investigator
in touch with desired subject in a
few minutes. whereas II he had to re-
sort to a general catalogue it would take
both time and labor to find the same
information. The periodicals are most
useful in giving up-to-date informa-
tton. and many are regularly circulated
through the bureaus
AT the time Of the organization Of the
library it looked like a hopeless task to
make an amalgamation of the books from
the individual bureaus which would form
cohesive and coherent whole. as many
OF them were uncataiogued. unclassified
and a large number practically useless.
The work could not have been accom-
plfshed as rapidly and ais thoroughly as
II has been done had 1t not been for the
splendid cooperation Of all bureaus and
Offices, as well as that Of tho library force,
the successful organization and carry on
uninterruptedly the current work Of the
library. The books are now coming to-
gether anArbeing shelved In a way that
Evening star., 1916-09-17

TRAIN FOR tt

he may be called upon to meet the
highest responsibilities OF his profess
sion.
Having won his colonelcy, but one
higher honor in the corps is possible,
his appointment by the President to be
surgeon general OF the army, the head
Of the corps.
This Is the general history of the
officer but the corps is striving. as a
body. to accomplish big things for the
army. Its spirit is worthy Of that pro-
fession in which its members were edu-
Gated: their effort is to save men from
disease and suffering, preferably by
preventive measures.
They search for the cause of the
disease and, having found it, apply the
prevention remedy. Often they hnd the
means of prevention before the causa-
tive agent of the disease is known.
Army surgeons traced the cause OF yell
low fever to the mosquito, developed
the prophylaxis for typhoid. found the
cause Of beriberi, and have done other
valuable work in tropical medical hy-
giene. Army engineers constructed the
Evening star., 1916-09-17
~ " run THE

highly specialized body OF medical Of
dcers Is indispensa BILE, but X they ac-
complish It the cost OF maintaining
such a corps is insignificant when COM
pared with the result.
However, to meet the demands upon
them. distinct class of medical men
must be created-men trained to meet
army needs, familiar with army ad-
ministration and especially skilled in
dealing collectively with soldiers,
their ills, wounds. diseases and health.
Nowhere else than in the army can they
be trained adequately for the respon-
sibility put upon thenl-the mante-
nance of the fighting men in fit condi-
tion to fight.
While the militia organizations como
into the army with their own medical
officers and organizations. the surgeon
generals office must assume control of
the organizations and furnish medical
supplies. all Of which involves details
in administration as we'll as RESPONSE
bilities. In view of the ends to be gained
1t is clearly a matter of common sense
cal officers.
"valuabl a may be the assistance of
the practicing physician and surgeon,
vigorous intellect is not required to
perceive that his education and expert
ence, without further training, are not
snch as make him a specialized military
surgeon; nor can he fit himself for mill
tary work by a few weeks Of intensified
training. Therefore, it cannot be said
that because there are thousands Of
clever operating surgeons and skillful
practitioners in the country it is a sim
pie matter to improvise body of medi-
cal officers for war needs. That has
been tried before and the results have
been fiat failure.
Thus it seems that reinforcing the
present medical corps of the army is a
wise measure. but Strengthening 1t
comes from two sources; the addition OF
numbers of men suitable by character
and ability for such work. and by the
continuance of a rigid and progressive
Evening star., 1916-09-17
tn the Army Medical Corps Along Mexican B0rde

tropical medicine. sanitary chemistry.
X-ray work and kindred subjects. He Is
also taught military exercises. and to
ride a horse.
"At the end Of four months he Is ex-
amined upon the work which he has done
thus far, and IL he passes nothing hap
pens; but II he fails, so that it Is apparent
that he will not win his appointment, he
is retired to the medical reserve having
had the fine training and four months
pay as an Offset to his disappointment.
II he passes, which with his preparation
he ought to do, provided he has worked
like horse. he has the privilege Of
continuing his work. like team Of horses.
for another four month period. He then
comes up for the crucial examination. to
show whether he has capacity for hard
work and is fit and entitled to receive the
commission In the Army Medical Corps,
and along with it the pay and emotu-
ments 1t brings.
+
THE mark given in his examination,
which is impartial. is added to his en-
trance mark, and the sum divided by
two; the result. compared with those Of
his classmates. determines his number in
the grade and has an important bearing
on his future.
Having received his commission, he
viii be detailed for duty to one Of the
many army posts. where he will have op-
portunitiea for specializing such as sell
dom come to the young physician. His
routine work Is interesting and RESPONSE
BILE; he is encouraged to specialize along
lines OF his own selection. He Is well
provided with books. x-ray and labora-
tory apparatus, and has time, IL near the
city. to attend the hospital clinics. He
may take up work in bacteriology like
Reed and Russell and others: or in sani-
tation. like Gen. Gorgas. But he is ex-
pected to take up something worth while,
for at the end Of five years he automat-
ically comes up for his captains COM
mission. bringing increased pay, respon-
sibility and opportunity.
''On this occasion he may elect his own
speciality. as a basis for his examina-
tion, but he must show that he has done
something and is qualified for the higher
grade II he fails in this examination.
which is oral. he takes written ex-
animation: and il he fails in that his
papers are sent to board Of review,
which acts as q sort Of appellate court to
approve or reverse the decision below. If
it approves. the officer retires with a
years pay; il it reverses. he receives his
promotion.
After one reaches the grade Of cap
tain his promo otion goes by seniority.
and here he realizes the value of the
grade earned in his entrance examina-
tions, for the higher this rank the soon
er he reaches his majority. Then, after
further examination. lieutenant
colonelcy and colonelcy. As a captain
he is usually sent to continental post
for q period of service, and then to
Panama. Hawaii, Porto Rico or the
Philippines for three years.
1T is customary during the last year
Of a mans service as captain to station
him in some city, where he will have
every facility to bring himself thor
oughly up to date in the practice of his
profession, for when he goes up in rank
Evening star., 1916-09-17

00 9TH the eyes OF the whole
w 100000 .:s:s: s;:::: s';s ;s. ::.::: ;s:
people wont to know whether
Uncle Sam or the forty-eight members
of his family-the states-are RESPONSE
ole for the maintenance Of their health
and the care of those who are sick.
The Medical Corps. United States
Army, furnishes the medicine. hospital
and surgical supplies. including all the
typhoid prophylaxis called for. and its
inspecting officials are attached to the
stan of most of the divisions and some
of the brigades. All the medical Of
iicers of the army are in a general way
under the direction of the surgeon gen.
eral. but tho National Guard medical
organizations remain intact. This
training corresponds to that Of the
militia soldier and Is very uneven.
The development of the medical oflcer
of the regular army is elaborate and
thorough, and the Medical Corps Is one
of the army's best assets.
An excellent measure in the recently
enacted defense bill Is the increase of
this body, SO that hereafter there shall
Evening star., 1916-09-17
MAJ. ROBERT s. NOBLE. q. 8. M. {

be seven medical officers to every
thousand men of the regular army.
However humanitarian this may be in
effect, its particular merit is it's econ
omy, for it is good business to prevent
Illness, restore the few sick and wound
ed to the line, prevent unnecessary
claims for pensions and to help militia
medical officers who seek aid and in
struction.
Maj Robert S. Noble, United States
Medical Corps. himself a specialist in
sanitation. and an expert in admins
rration, outlines the object of the
corps, the education and training of
the officers and some of the things 1t
has accomplished:
The first object of the medical officer
is not to cure the sick, but to prevent
sickness, to remove the sick and the
wounded from the front, to restore
them to health and send them back to
their duty; to admit to the army only
sound men who will not break down,
thus incidentally keeping down the
enormous expense of pensions.
ITO accomplish these economies a
Evening star., 1916-09-17

must bring to it the health which comes
from clean living. His record must be
clean. too, and his Endorsements must be
free from reservation; he must have the
qualifications of an officer and a gentle
man. Professionally, he must show at
least the degree Of his medical college
and service for one year as resident
inferno of a hospital Special studies and
courses will be counted in his favor.
Such men are invited to take the ex-
animation prepared by the surgeon gen
eral and conducted by boards in various
parts of the country. If successful they
receive commissions as lieutenants in the
Medical Reserve Corps. and are ordered
to report at the Army Medical School in
Washington, d. G., where for the next
eight months they have an opportunity to
study harder than ever before in their
lives.
I'm this school the courses are designed
to prepare the candidate for the work be-
fore him, when. in the near future. he will
safeguard the health OF considerable
body of men. Hence he is drilled upon
medical department administration and
the customs of the service. military hy
giene. clinical microscopy and bacteri-
ology, military surgery. military and
Evening star., 1916-09-17
A Sure Thing.

MT B. DURYEA. dog breeder. was
1As talking in New York about bea-
gle that had been stolen.
''once they let him loose" said Mr.
Duryea, smiling. hell come back. He's
like q drunkard without money-hs al
ways comes back home"
Evening star., 1916-09-17

unplauS1Dtllty tn2t annoy anu even en-
barrass the reader.
THE LIFE AND TIMES OF BOOKER
r. WARRINGTON. By B. F. Riley
d. D., LII. D.. author of The White
Mans Burden" New York: Fleming
H. Revell Company.
DR.. Riley's study Of the life of Book
er T. Washington is as fair-minded as
it is sympathetic and appreciative
Against a background of early slavery
and the deepest poverty he traces the
struggles and defines the vision of this
truly great leader of the negro race
The record of Booker T. Washington $
personal achievement Is an eXtraordi-
nary and stimulating record. Even
more appealing than this, however, is
his racefolks. This is the story OF
Tuskegee, created by the genius of its
founder. to preach and to practice the
gospel of work, to open to the negro a
broad and useful field where he may
secure a practical efficiency. 1t is a
great story to which this writer gives
emphasis and detail Of exposition as
the croWning point in the life of this
inspired negro leader. Regardless of
race, one is glad to pay tribute to the
genius fully envisaged here and to
acknowledge, as well. the stirring ef-
feet of this narrative of the life of
Booker Washington.
Matzner Gutenberg, author of The
Child Today and Tomorrow New
York: Henry Holt & Co.
There are significant differences be-
tween this and many other of the nu-
merous studies of children. Like most
Of these others this book is based on
specialized investigation of the subject.
That is to say. it Is backed by author
ity and projected in knowledge Be
yond this 1t parts company with the
average child study book. For be-
meath II is a substantial stratum of
sound common sense that. when occa-
sion requires, lifts even above the most
majestic fiat Of the exponent of the
pure child psychologist. Again, the
study is. throughout. based upon con-
gestions. This plan contributes ef-
fectively to the practical purpose for
which the book is SO obviously de-
signed. From this solid standpoint Miss
Gutenberg makes plain discussion OF
the child in his various relations. The
first Of these Is his relation to himself
as a physical creature. from which the
writer moves out to the open mani
festations of the child with innumer-
able well based suggestions for well
tions in a way to advance.his right de-
velopment. This is an all-around
treatment. particularly well adapted
to the use of parents and teachers
and to other students of this important
subject.
THE PHILOSOPHY OF PAINTINGs A
study Of the Development of the
Times. BY DR.. Raley Hustled Bell.
author of "The Worth Of Words"
Evening star., 1916-09-17
THE PUBLIC LIBRARY.
SELECTED LIST OF BOOKS RE.
GENTLY ADDED.

The following list. arranged by sub
jects, includes some Of the latest addi-
tions to the Public Library.
The lists which appear in this column
each Sunday are reprinted, at the end
of the month, in the library's monthly
bulletin Copies of this may be obtain
ed free at the library or Will be sent by
mail for Is cents year:
Political Science.
Brandt J. L. Anglo-sa1on Supremacy. JAG
BT36
Eitzbacher. Paul. Anarchism. 1908. JJ-El SIS.
Faguet Emile. lie Cutie de rIncompetencs.
1914. JG-F1s5.
Ludovici, A. NJ. A Defence Of Aristocrac,.
Rose. J. H. Nationality in Modern History.
sellars. R. W. The Next Step in Demoency.
spargo. John MARKHAM Socialism and Religion.
Government at Home.
American Academy Of Political and see.ai
Science. Phil. Public Admiaistrstioa asA Par
tisan Politics. JUs3-AmS7p.
GLADDEN.. Washington. The Forks Of shs Road.
Jo-G469f.
of the United States. JTss- -Mss7.
Sparks. F. N. The Business Of 0svsrnnent,
Municipal. JW-Sp29b.
Steiner. e. A. The Confession Of . Hyyhsn-
ated American. JUssz-sta.
Sutton. J. r. Civil Government in cahfornia.
JT941-Sus7.
Taft, W. H. The Presidency Jvss-rlsSpr.
L. S. Post ONCE Dept. The United States
Postal Money-order System. JVP-UnSeu-
Government Abroad.
cramb. ]. A. The Origins and Destiny of I'm
periaI Britain. JU45-Cs58o.
ia + Tba (,prm m m RGf ~
Kalaw. NJ. NJ The Case for the Filipinos
JU6s1l-Kl2.
sarolea. Charles. Europe's Debt to Russia.
Toennies. Ferdinand. warlike England as Seen
Toynbee, A. J. The New Europe. JUa0-T6e9n.
Ninogradov, =. q. selt-government in Russia.
JW54-v774s.
International Relations.
johnson. ". F. Americas Foreign Relations.
MacCorkie, W. A. The Monroe Doctrine. Jzss-
Mead. Mrs. L. T. A.. ed. The Overthrow of
the War system. Jx-M4e2o.
Williams. NJ W. Ansio-American Isthmi.n
Diplomacy, Is15lsl5. JzL5ws7o.
Bar. Ludwig. 4 History of Continental Grim
Hamilton. Burritt. Practical Law. Revised
edition. kL-H1S4p.
Stone. II. +. Law and It's Administration.
KL~St73 l.
Natural History.
Bergen. ]. Y, and Caldwell. o. W. Introduc-
tion to Botany. 1914 N-B45S4.
Burroughs. John. Under the Apple-tfses. MY
Be4u.
Chamberlin. T. O. The Origin Of the Earth.
MC-C955o.
Hudson. W. b. Birds and Man. PE-Hs6aSm.
Maeterlinck, Maurice. News Of Spring and
Other Nature Studies. 1913. NW-M26Bn.E.
Pergaud. Louis De Gsupu q Margot. P-P4iA.
Tregarthea. J. Q. The Story Of Hare. Pc
T714s.
Evening star., 1916-09-17
Reviews of Books of Early Fall.

significant aspects. To the student the
study would be a text book X 1t were
not so vivid and interesting, SO suG-
sestiye, so corrective of cherished fall
lacies and so simple withal. Since
text book is none of, these, this study
must stand as an animated and attrac-
tive story Of the growth Of painting
from its beginnings up to the present
Evening star., 1916-09-17

The library OF the Department Of
Commerce differs from most other book
collections. in that it is wholly sta
tistfcal and also in the fact that we
acquire our books largely without cost.
This library consists mainly of statis-
ticaI publications of the United States
anG CO foreign governments, of state
and municipal documents relating to
the lines of inquiry taken up by the
bureaus. with selected statistical and
economic works.
We have. as matter of course. some
seemingly uninteresting books to the
average reader. Figures, a rule. do
not appeal, but they are Interesting
reading here. The sight Of new
trade bulletin gives US keener thrill
than the latest novel. and our large
and growing collection of home and
foreign directories makes our hearts
Evening star., 1916-09-17

EFORE a congressional commit
IO tee on appropriations, Secretary
JDO Redfeld recently referred to the
- library of the Department OF
Commerce as "a working tool in use
every hour Of the day. 1t is thing We
go 10 every minute instead of every
hour" he said. "All of our own statis-
teal records, as well as all the foreign
statistical publications TO which We re-
fer when you gentlemen ask US aues-
lions. are kept in that library.
YOU may ask for instance. what
age the actual conditions in Russia with
respect to any question Of trade or
commerce: or. if committee wants TO
l-now what the comparative facts are
about anything, that is where We go
Instead of keeping our official publ
cations of every kind in each service,
ryc keep them concentrated in one
spot
This important tool OF great and
growing department Of the United
states government is welded by a
oman. upon whom devoives the re-
sponsibiIity of seeing that II does IT.
work. with the greatest efficiency. Miss
Anne Gunnell Cross has been in charge
of the library Of the Department OF
Commerce since II was organized un-
der the chief clerks Office in 1914. when
the libraries belonging to the various
bureaus of this department. with three
exceptions, were incorporated as one
library for the greater benefit OF the
whole.
The libraries thus brought together
were those of the bureaus OF the CEN
sus, foreign and domestic commerce.
navigation lighthouses and steamboat
inspection service. Those not included
were the libraries of the bureaus OF
fisheries standards. and the coast ana
peodetic survey. which are situated at
some distance from the Department OF
Commerce. 10 which they belong.
Comprising some 10000 volumes, the
libraries Incorporated were brought to-
-setheF in a spacious room on the tenth
floor of the Department of Commerce
building. Here, by strenuous effort for
the two years of their connection. they
are today one great. useful, well ar
ranged. combined library OF statistics.
which gives Of its information with
the proluptitude Of ii thoroughly or
taUIZcd service
W.. have now about 900 volumes
Jron our shelves" said Miss Cross. in
3, recent interview. with over l.opo
periodicals For every one OF our vol
tnes we have q specific need Numbers
.re by no means our standard here and
sti the time wedding out old
hooks replacing them with up to-da te
material. We aim to carry only use
.ul material on the shelves. and as soon
- "a book becomes useless it. is dis
sArded We like 10 feel that this is a
livc library, which is doing It's full
part as an important. up-to-dat work
sHop Of the department
Evening star., 1916-09-17

training Of the new men after they
have been appointed.
Congress has given the increase. but
this office must keep up the require
ments. The practice of medicine and
surgery is intensely progressive. and
what was new yesterday may be out Of
progress must not stop with the be-
stowal Of the lieutenant's commission,
promotion to a captaincy or higher
office. The surgeon generals personal
of yellow fever and malaria and Of
sanitation, and all the officers are work
ing at something.
THE navy and army medical schools
are the only institutions in this country
where one can specialize in preventive
work as applied to military needs.
Therefore the army school is the best
place whether the young medical man
may be fitted for army work. The Army
Medical School in Washington is under
the charge of Col. William Arthur,
United States Medical Corps-the vet
eran who. in command Of the hospital
ship Solace, fought typhoid fever in
1898: on the medical staff fought small
pox. typhoid and tropical diseases in the
Philippines, and later. when in COM
mand. helped to eliminate those diseases
from the islands. He and his staff of
four officers. assisted by some Of the
ablest specialists in the corps. conduct
this institution for the instruction Of
the men on whom will rest the honor
and success of the corps.
"A ieutenancy in the United States
Medical Corps presents many attractive
features to the young physician. 1t is at
tainable only after thorough preparation.
To be eligible for such a commission "a
man must show that he has physical,
moral and professional fitness. The mat
ter Of health is no light thing. The army
does not want pensioners who have not
earned that right by faithfGl service. and
the man seeking entrance to the corps
Evening star., 1916-09-17

B :::