davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Putnam County herald. (Cookeville, Tenn.) 1903-1922, 1916-10-26
CANNING CLUB NEWS

The canned fruits, vegetables and
jellies displayed in the courthouse
on Agricultural Day by the various
Canning Clubs of Putnam county
caused much favorable comment.
Many pretty and useful articles were
exhibited BY the ladies Of the county.
Following is list Of the prize win
ners:
Best club exhibit, Maple Shade
Club. first prixe, $1,000; Cookeville
Club, second prize, $500.
Best canned vegetables. Oda Ma
bors, Baxter, $500 Lavaliere.
Best canned fruits, Dorothy Grego-
ry, Cookeville, $500 fall hat.
Best collection jellies. Dorothy
Gregory, trio White Wyandotte chick
ems.
Best tin can tomatoes, Jane Nash.
Bald Hill, $500; second best tin can
tomatoes, Lille Brown, Maple Shade.
$1.00.
Best collection pickles. Dorothy
Gregory, 500.
wOMAN'S DEPARTMENT
Best loaf cake, Gladys Ford.
Best canned fruits, Mrs. Joe Wright.
Best preserves, Cora Lee.
Best canned tomatoes, Mrs. Joe
Wright.
Best apple jelly, Mrs. Joe Wright.
Best beet pickles. Beulah Hayes.
Best embroidered centerpiece, Lau-
ra Bullock.
Best crochet centerpiece. Mrs Frank
Richmond.
Best hand made towel. Mrs. Mag
Wright.
Best baby cap, Laura Hunter.
Best shirt waist. Beulah Hayes.
Best corset cover, Laura Bullock.
Best two yards tatting, Mrs .Huldah
Jernigan.
Best two yards crochet lace, Lena
Wilhite.
Best pillow cases, Laura Bullock.
Putnam County herald. (Cookeville, Tenn.) 1903-1922, 1916-10-26
RURAL HEAlTH-AMERICA'S
FIRST DUTY

The estimated economic loss
which our nation suffers each year
from typhoid fever and malaria alone
aggregates 92S,234, $50, leaving out
of entire account the sorrow, the un-
happiness, the misery, and the inef-
f1ciency which follow in their train"
Senator Joseph e. .Ransdell of, Louis
lana today addressed the. Senate on
the subject of Rural Health-Amer-
ica's First Duty" "The greatest as
set which our country can have" said
Senator Ransdell, lis the healthy
American citizen. and valuable as it
may be to increase the health of live
stock and vegetation, it is Of far
greater importance that we throw ev-
cry possible safeguard about the
health of the man who is responsible
tor that livestock and vegetation.
Over 900 million dollars lost every
year! A sum which is sufficient to
put our country into state of pre-
sparedness equal to that of any nation
In the world, enough money to give
us the largest. navy af1oat and the
most efficient army which the world
has ever seen, is annually offered up
as sacrifice to two diseases which
are entirely preventable. Enough
money to pay the annual expenses of
every college student in the United
States is absolutely throwns away ev-
cry year." Senator Ransdell esti-
mates the grand total loss from ty-
phoid fever at $271. 1928 per annum
and the loss from malaria at$694. 9O4.-
750 per year; the total per capita loss.
from these two diseases being $9.46..
BY comparative estimates it was
shown that the United States govern
ment appropriated, $5.016.175 for the
investigation and prevention of the
diseases Of animal and plant life and
only $1.917,566 for the investigation
and prevention of the diseases ofman.
Putnam County herald. (Cookeville, Tenn.) 1903-1922, 1916-10-26
CITY SCHOOL NOTES

Nearly all the pupils are back. af-
ter being scared on by scarlet fever
Miss Bessie Selby is out Of school
on account Of sickness in the family
We are glad to have Mrs. Carlisle
with US. She is so nice to teach for
Miss Selby.
Lillian. Young is back with US after
the sickness of her little sister
We had with US Amy and Ada Car.
penter Monday and Tuesday. They
ere the visitors Of Julia Neal.
wore lots of people here Fri.
Jay. more than we expected. but ev.
erything was carried out nicely City
School won four prizes.
We are going to have examinations
next week. Every one had better
study.
BY Alta Carr, 7th Grade.
Putnam County herald. (Cookeville, Tenn.) 1903-1922, 1916-10-26
DENTAL PREPAREDNESS

What it the most important attri-
bue OF soldier?
Good feet? No.
Good eyesight? MOI
Good brains? No.
What then? Good teeth.
A soldier may have good feet, good
eyesight and good brains but il he
has bad teeth. he can't eat. II he
can't eat he can't march near enough
to the enemy to see him and use his
brains TO fight him.
& How does a soldier get good teeth?
BY having good teeth in childhood.
How do children keep good teeth?
Through being taught by their moth
er how to keep heir teeth clean and
having their teeth looked after while
they are growing This makes good
teeth for future soldiers.
ii would seem then as though the
first patriotic duty of mother was to
keep her children's teeth, in good con-
dition? It is.
Putnam County herald. (Cookeville, Tenn.) 1903-1922, 1916-10-26

Auction sale of i've tracts of land
at Netherland Nov 10.
Putnam County herald. (Cookeville, Tenn.) 1903-1922, 1916-10-26
BEAUTIFUL HOME WEDDING

The marriage of Miss Frances Ford
to Mr.. Edward Francis Neal at the
home of the brides parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. Thomas Draper Ford, on We'd
nesday evening at nine o'clock was
one Of unusual beauty. The bridal
music was rendered by Mrs. w. A.
Howard, Mrs. Herbert Carlen and
Miss Mary Jared.
The ribbon bearers. Rosalind AL
good, Julia Neal. Walter Fowler, Jr.,
and William Neal, formed an aisle
down the vine wreathed stairway.
through the reception hall, under the
white and green arch that led to the
floral altar in the parlor Through
this aisle came first Miss Eliza Nc
Donald, of Nashville, and Sam Jared.
of Cookeville, followed by the maid
of honor, Miss Alice Keith Ford, then
the bride and groom, who were met
at the altar by Prof. w. B. Boyd, Dean
of Milligan College. who performed
the ceremony that bound these two
hearts as one with beautiful solem-
nifty, while softest, sweetest music
was played by Mrs Howard
The brides costume was white sat-
in and lace, with pearl trimmings.
uC NC4 Wdo t006ht Win Va
ange blossoms and pearls, and the
of the valley.
pink taffeta with bouquet of pink and
yellow roses.
Miss Alice Keith Ford's costume
was of yellow net over pink silk with
corsage bouquet of pink and yellow
Inn 4
nant in the elaborate decorations OF
the entire house with background OF
green formed by Jackson vines and
ferns.
Following the ceremony was an in
formal reception until one o'clock.
when the bridal couple left on the
East bound train for Florida and
Cuba.
The brides going away costume
was of blue velour with hat to match.
Among the many anu beautiful gifts
was a handsome bedroom suit tsof ma
hogany furniture. given by the
Gainesboro Telephone Co.. with whom
Mr.. Neal has been connected. for
many years; chest Of silver given
by the brides family; silver tank
ard sent by Mr.. and Mrs. Percy War
ner and DR.. and Mrs. McPheeters
Glasgow, of Nashville; and silver
sandwich tray by Mrs. Samuel J
Keith and Mr.. and Mrs. Walter Keith.
of Nashville. The collection of gifts
| in silver. cut glass. china and linen
was very elaborate and beautiful, tes-
tifying to the popularity OF the bride
and groom.
Many pre-nuptial affairs were ar
ranged in honor Of Miss Ford, among
them linen shower given by Mrs.
A. Algood and Mrs. s. s. Neal. mis-
cellaneous shower by Mrs. Robert
Lowe, a luncheon by Mrs. Robert
Maddux, a reception by Mrs. William
A. Howard and Mrs. John A. Epper-
son, toast to the bride" reception
by Mrs. Oscar X. Holiday and Mrs.
Elisha Conger.
Among the out of town guests at
the wedding were Mr.. and Mrs.George
Birdwell and Mrs. Alice Herod. Of
Whitleyville Mrs. Carpenter and
Miss Eliza Mcdonald, of Nashville:
Mrs. Thornton and Mrs. Walter Fow-
Ter, Of Oklahoma; Prof. and Mrs. W..
B. Boyd, Of Milligan College.
Putnam County herald. (Cookeville, Tenn.) 1903-1922, 1916-10-26
EASTERN STAR BANQUET

The Eastern Star of Cookeville will
have their annual banquet on the
night of November 2, at the lodge
hall on the square. A very elaborate
menu has been arranged, and the
general public is invited to attend.
Following is the
MENU
Oyster Cocktail
Spanish Olives Celery Hearts
Roast Turkey, Cranberry Jelly
Oyster Dressing
Fruit, Nut and Celery Salad
Baked Ham. Apple Sauce
Potatoes au Gratin Cucumber Pickles
Sweet Potato Puff with marshmallows
Angel Food Fruit Cake
Brick Ice Cream
Cafe au Lait Cream Cheese
Nov. 2. 1916. Plate. 81 90
Putnam County herald. (Cookeville, Tenn.) 1903-1922, 1916-10-26
HELENWoop. rENN.

Dear Editor and Herald ReaderD-
Just thought would jot down few
lines from this little place for We are
always so glad to get the Herald and
read the letters from one and all, but
think it would be best II we could
get two copies ,at time, for mama
won't ever let me see it i'll she looks
1t through, and can hardly wait
Mr.. and Mrs. Tom DeLong and fam
lily have been visiting the writer for
the past week and we sure had good
time while they were here. We went
to Oneida horseback riding one day
and out for several rides in the auto.
They are at their new home now In
Oneida and seem to be well and happy
Mrs. p. Smith will leave this week
for visit to Chattanooga, Monterey
and Livingston.
James Griff1ith is in Nashville this
week ON business,
Tom DeLOng is able to be saving
this week at the new band mill
o. C. Conatser and Grant Grinhth
are in Wartburg this week looking
after business.
Mr. and Mrs. Wyatt are visiting this
this week at Latwill, Ky.
Hello, Laura Kimes and Mamie
Countiss Of Cookeville, why don't you
write to the Herald? We would like
to hear from you. Sister Ret ", OF
Texas, we sure enjoy reading your
letters in the Herald. We are all
well and will answer your letter
soon Come again with another good
letter. And Mrs. Brown, of Eago,Ar
we certainly do enjoy reading your
good letters. Sorry to hear OF so
mucb sickness out there. hope sis
ter and all the rest are better. Hell
10. Abe Kimes, why don't you try
writing back home SOME time?
PEARL GRIFFITH.
Putnam County herald. (Cookeville, Tenn.) 1903-1922, 1916-10-26
FIELD DAY

Last Friday was Field Day for the
school children of Putnam county.
Owing to the stormy and disagreea-
BILE weather the attendance was not
as large as expected, and the exercis-
es were conducted in the Courthouse.
The athletic contests were held on
the City School grounds. Below Is
q list of the prize winners together
with the name Of the schools they
ronroaanfad
Putnam County herald. (Cookeville, Tenn.) 1903-1922, 1916-10-26
PICTURES AT T. p. I.

A very interesting, and entertain
ing. as well as instructive feature at
T. P. L., is the motion picture exhibit
ton given every Friday evening in
the main. building beginning at 1880
o'clock. No admission is charged and
the general public is invited Last
Friday night about 300 people enjoy
ed the pictures. The program for to-
morrow night, Oct, 27, includes the
following three pictures:
Spirit of the Flowers Yuma
Dam" and "A Workman's Lesson"
Putnam County herald. (Cookeville, Tenn.) 1903-1922, 1916-10-26
X. J.FARLEY FARM SOLD

The H. J.Farley farm on CaneCreek
was sold at auction last week and
brought fair price, selling for $5,704
p. G.. Farley bought the place as an
w. o. Gloster & Co., of
Watertown, conducted the sale.
Putnam County herald. (Cookeville, Tenn.) 1903-1922, 1916-10-26
POLYTECHNIC FACULTY HONOR
g EE9

The Polytechnic faculty and their
wives were the guests of honor at a
very large reception Thursday even
ing given by the Parent Teachers
at the home of Mr.. and
Mrs. Jere Whitson. About one hun
dred and fifty guests called. Mr.. and
Mrs. Whitson were assisted by Mes
DANES Walter Carlen, C. e. Wilson,
Sam Pendergrass, Algood Carlen.
Rutdedge Smith, Robert Lowe. and
Miss Bessie Alcorn. The guests Of
honor were President Early and wife.
Dean and Mrs. Daniel, Prof. and Mrs.
Lowry, Prof. and Mrs. Sheriff.. Prof.
and Mrs. Kirkman, Prof and Mrs.
Sisk, Miss Hawkins. Miss Griffith,
Miss Martin. Miss Hanger, Miss
Brandewie, Prof. Netto. Prof. Bar
nett and Prof. Smith. Misses Mata-
lee Barnes, SalIie Claiborne, Willie
Alcorn, Mary and jamie Lowe, Doro-
thy Anderson and Alice Keith Ford
assisted in the dining roonh, where
n ice course was served.
Putnam County herald. (Cookeville, Tenn.) 1903-1922, 1916-10-26
BRYAN IN NASHVILLE

w. J. Bryan spoke in Nashville last
week for the Democratic ticket. A
large number of Cookeville people
went down to hear him, and were well
pleased with the speech.
Putnam County herald. (Cookeville, Tenn.) 1903-1922, 1916-10-26
AGRICULTURAL DAY

Last Saturday was Agricultural
Day In CookeVille. The farm products
displayed were numerous and of a
high grade, better than last year.
The exhibits are now on display in
the Arcade Block, they having been
placed in the hands of the Cookeville
Commercial Club.
The exhibits in the woman's depart
ment were splendid, and those of the
canning clubs were a revelation to
visitors. In another column the win
ners in this department are given
The boys corn and pig clubs made
a fine show and attracted much at.
tention.
All in all it was a great day and
brought out many people.
The winners Of the agricultural
prizes. and the boys pig and corn
clubs will be given next week.
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1916-10-04
Everyone Should
Drink Hot Water
in the Morning
Wash away all the stomach, liver,
and bowel poisons before,
breakfast.

To feel your best day in and day oft.
to feel clean inside; no sour bile to
coat your tongue and sicken your
breath or dull your head; no constipn
ton, bilious attacks, sick headache,
colds, rheumatism or gassy, acid stom,
ach, you must battle on the inside like
you battle outside. This is vastly more
important, because the skin pores do
not absorb impurities into thel blood,
while the bowel pores do, says well!
known physician.
10 keep these poisons and toxins
well flushed from the stomach, liver,
kidneys and bowels, drink before break.
fast each day, a glass of hot water
with a teaspoonful Of limestone phcs-
plate In it. This will cleanse, purify
and freshen the entire alimentary tract,
before putting more food into the
stomach
Get a quarter pound of limestone
phosphate from your pharmacist. It
is inexpensive and almost tasteless,
except sourish twinge which is not
unpleasant. Drink phosphated hot
water every morning to rid your sys-
TEN of these vile poisons and toxins:
also to prevent their formation.
To feel like young folks feel; like
you felt before your blood, nerves and
muscles became saturated with an ac-
emulation Of body poisons, begin this
treatment and above all, keep it up!
AS soap and hot water act on the skin
cleansing, sweetening and purifying, so
limestone phosphate and hot water be-.
fore breakfast, act on the stomach.
liver, kidneys and bowels.
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1916-10-04
CORTLAND.

Mr.. and Mrs. G. W. Schlottmann,
Mrs. G. Kruger and Mrs. F. Bobsin, Jr.
attended the Redwood fair last Friday.
Peter Hippert returned from Max,
N. D. on Saturday. He reports heavy
frost in that part of the country.
About score of men called "strippers"
are at work in the gravel pit. They are
taking off the upper layer of dirt in
readiness for the steam shovel. It is
said that they will be here about month
or six weeks.
Mrs. John Schroeder returned to her
home in St. Paul Tuesday after spending
two weeks with her parents Mr.. and Mrs.
Fred Bobsin.
Barney LOOMS is visiting friends at
Madelia.
Lille and Alley Schlottmann and
several of their friends spent Sunday
with Bertha Strelow at St. Peter.
Mrs. Theo. LANCE is visiting with the
family of Rev. Bode at Good Thunder.
The Lone Scout Boys enjoyed target
practice last Saturday morning.
Miss Ida Geska of Wabasso visited
with Esther Hunziker from Saturday
until Monday.
Mrs. Arthur LANCE and children are
visiting at the LANCE home this week.
The Camp Fire girls were entertained
at "Wiener Roast at the river last
Saturday afternoon.
Mr.. Redman and Mr.. Poehler spent
Sunday at Lafayette.
Messrs. Hunziker and Meyer have
completed a dwelling house for Mr..
Geska of Wabasso and this week they
are building barn on the same farm.
Mrs. Zimmerman's new house in New
Ulm is now completed and she will move
to that city this week.
The families Of C. Ginkel, C. Menks
and Albert Ginkel of Nicollet visited at
the VIM. Ginkel home Sunday.
The CORTLAND school has an enroll
ment of thirty-six.
Each week there will appear in this
column the names of those pupils who
are on the Honor Roll for department,
attendance, or good marks in written
lessons.
History test: Jennie Alkire SO, Sylvia
Fechner SO, David Williams SO, John
Alkire 81, Frank LOOMS 80.
Grammar test: Jennie Alkire So,
Sylvia Fechner 80, Esther Hunziker 80.
Perfect attendance and spelling:
Beatrice Frederick, Sheridan Young,
Garnet Schlottmann, Edgar Fechner,
Laurence Arndt, Milton Vomhof.
Department.: Alvin Holzerland, Rose
Viking, Myrtle Zimmerman, Frank
LOOMS, David Williams, Grace
Bobsin, Lenora Schlottmann, Sylvia
Fechner, Luella Ginkel, Jennie Alkire,
John Alkire.
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1916-10-04
COMB SAGE TEA IN
FADED OR GRAY HAIR
If Mixed with Sulphur it Darkens
so Naturally Nobody
can Tell.

Grandmother kept her hair beautifully
darkened, glossy and attractive with a
brew of Sage Tea and Sulphur. When
ever her hair took on that dull, faded or
streaked appearance, this simple mixture
was applied with wonderful effect. By
asking at any drug store for "Wyeth's
Sage and Sulphur Compound" you will
get large bottle of this old-time recipe,
improved by the addition of other ingred-
tents, all ready to use, for about so cents.
This simple mixture can be depended
upon to restore natural color and beauty
to the hair.
A well.known downtown druggist says
everybody uses Wyeth's Sage and Sui
phur Compound now because it darkens
SO naturally and evenly that nobody can
tell it has been applied-it's so easy to
use, too. You simply dampen comb or
soft brush and draw it through your hair,
taking one strand at time. By morning
the gray hair disappears; after another
application or two, it is restored to it's
natural color and looks glossy, soft and
beautiful This preparation is delight
full toilet requisite. It is not intended for
the cure, mitigation or prevention of dis
ease.
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1916-10-04
GOOD BUCK AND WING DANCING

The modern stage darby is so thorough
ly identified with ''In Old Kentucky"
that it is scarcely necessary to refer to
the origin of this novel feature Prior
to the advent of this successful play it
is doubtful if half a dozen of these
frolicsome youngsters had ever set foot
beyond stage door. But with "In
Old Kentucky came the now world
famed Piccaninny Brass Band, and the
widespread interest these dusky COM
edians created can best be judged by the
statement that there are now, perhaps,
no less than five thousand colored actors
struggling for fame. 1t has remained,
however, for ''In Old Kentuck's'' cele-
brated Band to first introduce the Buck
and Wing dancing, Cake Walking, and
other diversions peculiar to the race,
and maintain against all competitors the
proud distinction of excelling in the
execution of each accomplishment. SIN
Old Kentucky" will be seen at the Turner
Theatre next Sunday, Oct. 9Th. Adv.
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1916-10-04
CAMBRIA.
Mr.. and Mrs. Will +Neitzel and Reuben
Fletcher attended the show "Rebecca
of Sl1nnvhronk farm, at tho onara house

Mr.. and Mrs. Will Neitzel and Reuben
Fletcher attended the show "Rebecca
of Sunnybrook farm" at the opera house
in Mankato one evening recently.
Several motored from Mankato for a
picnic at the Indian Mounds near Cam
bria. Prof. Nickerson explained some
of the Indian customs about six hundred
years ago, the supposed time when these
mounds were built, 1t is a picturesque
spot, being surrounded by bluffs and a
creek running near by. Among those
who attended the picnic were Attorney
and Mrs. Thos. Hughes, Attorney and
Mrs. Evan Hughes and MIR. and Mrs.
Peter Lloyd. They all ate supper there.
Rev. E. W. Grifiths preached at
Woodman Hall week ago Sunday after
noon. Miss Ruby Harbo was the
organist.
Rev. c. G. Holm of New Ulm will
deliver a sermon at Woodman Hall
Sunday afternoon, Oct. 9Th. There
will be special music and service is to
commence at 2 o'clock.
Aaron Seibert of Plainview, Mimi;
and Mr.. and Mrs. Hugh A. Jones Of
Judson were guests of Mr.. and Mrs.
Henry Nichols last Wednesday.
Tudor Jones and family are having
their household goods moved to Mankato
where they will reside. There was a
farewell party for them one evening last
week which was largely attended. A
supper was served. Although we are
sorry to lose Mr.. Jones and family from
the community, their many friends wish
them success in their new home.
Miss Mary J. Bowen is visiting with
relatives in Colorado.
The receipts of the Harvest social
for the benefit Of the C. Els. of the Con-
gregational church, at their parsonage,
last Friday night were about $1,000.
Miss Winnie Hughes of Lake Crystal
was a week end guest of Miss Nellie
Grifiths.
There is a great scarcity of potatoes
throughout this vicinity. VIM. J. Evans
and Sons had carload shipped to them
last week. 1t is an uncommon occurrence
to have car of potatoes arrive as the
farmers always raise enough for their
own use.
There is chicken thief working in the
neighborhood and if he is apprehended
there will no doubt be serious trouble.
Farmers having large focks of poultry
awake in the morning to find that there
are but one or two dozen left, the balance
having all disappeared during the night.
Mrs. McCan Sundayed in Garden City
and her cousin accompanied her back
and is guest at Harry Mathews place.
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1916-10-04
FIRE PREVENTION DAY.

Many of the cities and towns of
Minnesota will observe the fifth annual
Fire Prevention Day on Monday, Oct.
9, in accordance with a proclamation
issued by Governor J. A. A. Burnquist.
State Fire Marshal Robert W. Harga-
dine suggests that the mayors of the
various cities also issue proclarhations
urging local celebrations of the day
freless celebrations.
Civic and commercial organizations
will arrange meetings to plan to make
the home town fre-proof.
Schools will have appropriate exercises,
which will include talks on the danger
of the small boy and the match and
similar combinations.
Mr.. Hargadine calls attention to the
fact, in circular letter he has sent
broadcast throughout the state, that the
nations fire toll is 5000 lives and
millions of dollars in property every year.
The actual loss, he says, is an average
of $500 a minute in the United States.
eff Minnesota people will stop to
think what this MEANS ~ he says, ''every
person in the state will join in the move
ment because sickness and fire are
nearest to them-liable to strike home
any day.
General observance of fire prevention
day in the past five years is given credit
by the fire marshal's office for gradual
reduction of fire losses in the state.
No arrangements have been made so
far, for the observance of the day in New
Ulm.
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1916-10-04
M. & St. L. Time Table
SOUTH BOUND.

SOUTH BOUND.
No. 60-Ex. Sunday. -. $3.50 a. m.
To Estherville. Local freight.
No. Sex. Sunday: .......7 :45 a. m
To New Ulm only. Time freight
No. 110-Ex. Sunday ..... .8:45 o. m
St. Paul, Mpls. to New Ulm. Passgr.
No. 28-Ex. Sunday 1925 D. m
To Storm Lake. =
NORTH BOUND.
No. 123-Ex. Sunday ..... .5:15 a m
4. Leave New Ulm to St. Paul and Mpls
No. 29-Ex. Sunday ....1 :O8 p. m.
To st. Paul, Mpl.
No. Sex. Sunday. .2:3O p. m.
New Ulm to Winthrop.
No. 61-Ex. Sunday. .3:45 p. m.
Baskerville to Winthrop.
All passengers thru trains with no
change of cars between New Ulm and
Twin Cities.