Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-07-02

If a community of farmers will COM
bine what they are annually paying
for scrub bulls and purchase a pure
| bred they will lay the foundation ior
an increase in the average production
| of their herd, provided they raise their
heifers as they should. Only by Sc
lecting out the best producers and
, mating them with the sires and sons
| of other best producers can the steady
| Increase In productive capacity, which
| has marked the success of breeders
OF pure-bred cattle. be accounted 1or
| This is the advantage of the pure-bred
| bull over the scrub. He comes of a
long line of carefully selected ances-
| tors, accurate record of the breeding
| and performance of each of whom has
| been kept. Every time that a high
! producing COW or the son or sire Of
| hlgh-producing cows appear in his
| pedigree the likelihood of his string
| hign producing daughters is increased
By one. Furthermore, he becomes so
| thoroughly reinforced along lines of
| high production that his breeding
| pcwe: to impress his own inheritance
in high production upon his calves be-
| comes so strong that he is actually
| more than half the breed-that is, his
calves viii inherit more from him
| than from the cows to which he is
bred. This would be equally true of
I
| one calf, while a bull NAV be the sire
| of fifty in a season. the latter is
| mucn cheaper and more convenient
| means Of securing the increased pro-
auction that comes with pure blood.
| A grade is an animal only one of
| whose parents is pure bred. and the
! mating of common-bred cows to a pure
| bred bull. always of the same breed, is
| called grading up. Since. with each
| generation the proportion of pure blood
| to common blood increases. until after
| five or six of these top dresses of pure
| blood 1t predominates to such an ex-
| tent as to render the cattle practically
| as productive a s pure breds, although
of course. they are not eligible to regis
| tration. They are termed high grade.
| In order to keep pace with the i'm
| provement wrought through the use of
| better blood. more liberal feeding must
be practiced. but feeding can never
/ compensate for the lack of breeding.
| improved blood endows the COW with
greater capacity to produce. which in
| turn requires a liberal supply of the
! raw materials provided in the ration
| out of which to make milk and fat, but
| 1t is as unreasonable to feed an abund-
ance of high-priced feed to low-bred.
unproductive cows as to waste good
| seed in poor ground It's economy to
increase the ration as long as the COW
responds with a corresponding increase
in production, but the limit to which
TINS response may reach is altogether
By fattening dry cows the fat con-
tent is temporarily raised when the
cows come fresh.
1t is well to fight shy of the dairy
COW that is offered for sale cheap these
days At best she is probably good
only for beef
The thermometer must be used as
regularly in the dairy during the sum
mer as during the winter.
The value of calf depends on the
productiveness of it's mother. especial
ly in grade cattle.
Cow testing helps to build up a
profitable herd quickly, because heifers
can be selected from the best cows.
1t is improper to catch a sheep by it's
wool: Butchers know what it means
10 the poor animal, for 1t leaves a
black or blue mark or bruise on the
| carcass. which interferes with the sale
or IT; Catch sheep either by the
hind leg or by placing the hand under
meath the jaw or neck. When using a
crook. aim to catch a sheep above the
gambrel joint as there is danger of in
1uring the leg when catching it below
this joint.
A horse that is offered for sale will
! bring better price if he is in good
u glossy
Contrary to general opinion, sheep as
well as any other class of farm animals
! require clean. dry shelter. 1t is espe-
! cially important that the feet and
| fleece be kept dry If their quarters
are dry and clean the sheep viii stand
| very cold weather without discomfort
| or disease. There must be ample ven
| tilation, for sheep. if closely crowded,
| sweat badly and quickly use up the
N q a ir Int he.
| drafts. as sheep are easily subject to
| colds. In the ordinary climate the
sheep barn may be constructed of one
thickness of matched boards. 1t should
| be large enough to house the entire
| flock without crowding Windows
| enough to permit lots of sunshine to
enter and clean. dry bedding under foot
are necessities. The Landing pens
should be of warmer construction than
! the general shed.
pigeons are responsible for about 20
| pN cent of tho spread of hog cholera
ac'\ riding to the authorities who are
dea \ q with its eradication. The farm
! er v \, owns or harbors pigeons should
! either confine them at home or dispose
| of then. Pigeons fly from farm to
farm In search of food. which they
generally find in the feed yards. In
! dying long distances and visiting many
yards they easily get the germs on
their feet and infect whole neigh
orhood before people realize that
/ ,'nolera is in their herds. In 1915 the
! toss from hog cholera in the United
states was estimated at $3.50. 900, 900.
and If one-fifth of this can be attribut-
ed 10 pigeons they viii have to go.
MIX heated to near the boiling point
and allowed to cool 10 normal temper
ature before feeding viii relieve a per-
sistent cas< of scours
Sailing the butter is nice operation
which requires considerable knowledge
and care To be done properly. In the
| first place. the butter must be washed
until entirely free from buttermilk be-
fore the salt is added. The salt should
be as near absolutely pure as can be
purchased, and the finer II is the better.
One ounce Of salt to one pound of but
ter added to the butter gradually and
well worked in, is the rule 1t is ad-
visable TO permit the butter to stand
after sailing for twenty-four hours if
possible, then work it over and put it
IN prints or pack it for market as do
sired. Salt is added to butter with a
twofold purpose. First as fiavoring
, element and also as preservative
Waf hat in. sol,