davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-05-02
NOVEL WAY TO -.. ...,. -
WARM HOG FEED.

A resourceful Minnesota farmer re-
ports that he has solved the problem
of warming the slop-feed for his hogs.
Two barrels are placed near the feed
ing troughs and a days supply of feed
is placed in each. The barrels are
heavily banked with fresh manure
from the horse barn. The heating of
the pile warns the feed in the barrels,
as each days supply stands for twenty
four hours before using. Whenever
necessary the banking is hauled away
and new supply packed about the
barrels. .E ... s.
Opinions differ as to the relative ef-
ficiency of slop-feeding and dry-feed-
ing. but disregarding the matter of
efficiency, some hog-raisers prefer
slop-feeding for brood sows In Winter
for another reason. In Winter. hogs
do not drink enough water unless the
water is warm or supplied at frequent
intervals. BY mixing water with the
grain the feeder controls the amount
of water consumed by his hogs.-R. c.
Ashby. -.-
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-05-02

The Secretary 81 Agriculture has
authorized the granting of permits to
import potatoes from Canada, subject
to the new regulations. which became
effective January LIST and the Canadian
government has officially accepted the
conditions and issued an order that
potatoes offered for export to the
United States must be free from in
furious diseases and insect pests.
With this understanding the Ca
madam potatoes will be exempted
from the requirement Of inspection
and certifcation before shipment,
which still applies to European pota-
toes.
The potatoes from Canada will.
however, be inspected on arrival in
the United States. and entry will be
refused to any shipment of potatoes
badly infested with disease, even
though the disease is one which may
already occur in the United States,
such as common scab, dry rot, pow
derby scab, Fusarium wilt. and black
leg. A negligible percentage of these
common diseases will not bar admis-
sion, as it Is recognized that the ship
ment of potatoes absolutely free from
some of them Is not commercially
practicable. &c..
Under this arrangement those de-
string to import potatoes from Canada
must apply to the Federal Horticul-
tural Board, at Washington, for a
permit, stating in the application the
name and address of the exporter,
the locality where grown, the port of
departure Cor port Of consular in
voice., the proposed port of entry,
and the name and address of the i'm
porter in the United States to whom
the permit should be sent
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-05-02
BY G. VROOMAN.

you have tested your seed you know
that your crop will grow II conditions
ara right--that If you have to replant
or reseed it will not be your fault,
Just before planting time, germina-
ton tests should be made of each ear.
Six kernels are usually tested in MAX
ing single-ear tests for termination,
taking two kernels from opposite
sides Of the ear ne the tip. two from
the middle, and two from the butt.
Many forms Of terminating boxes are
used which are satisfactory. The seed
should be kept moist and at about
room temperature, not above 90 de-
grees F. or below so degrees F.
A simple tester may be made as
follows: Take a shallow wooden tray
about III inches deep inside. This
tray is divided into small squares by
a checkerboard lacing of Irvine across
the top. These squares should be
about n inches on each side. The
tray should be filled level full Of oose
sand. and in each square is planted
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-05-02
HOW no AID INJURED PERSONS.

The patient should be made as com.
Portable as possible in a safe place
He should be insured plenty Of fresh
air.
Do not try to do too much; keer
cool.
Do not let the injured person know
1t, II his condition is serious.
Hot coffee or hot tea, or even hot
water. is a better stimulant than
whisky. In summer a glass of cold
water may be best. Remember there
ID some shock with even the slightest
injury.
If the patient vomits, turn him to
one side; keep the head low.
Supply external heat If the patient
is cold and clammy.
Clothing should be cut away. Do
not tear or pull, it of.
Do not touch an open wound with
the fingers or with anything not sur
gically clean.
Never wash away blood clots: bind
them up. Open and bleeding wounds
should b. covered with a piece of
sterile gauze or freshly laundered
linen. ..4-. -
When a physicians services are ap-
parently needed, promptness in getting
one there is the most important first
aid measure.-Dr. J. ]. Murphy, Min
nesota. '..'..
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-05-02

had taken Is adults, another so, and
three others 81, 4s. and SO, respec-
lively. g.. .,- *. ......
Other animal food Is important,
as the largest single item was cater
pillars. amounting to nearly % per
cent Ground beetles amounted to
about one-eighth Of the food.
During May an increased consump-
ton of caterpillars appears to explain
a decrease in the percentage of
weevils. A male bird had destroyed
81 of the weevils, another had made
away with over 70 larvae and 80
adults, while third ate 40 larvae and
10 adults, but the whole comprised
only about II per cent of the total
food. Caterpillars occurred in nearly
all of the stomachs. and frequently
composed the major portion of the
food. Ground beetles were found in
al but two stomachs. b. s...s
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-05-02

In June the meadow lark main
tains about the came relation to the
weevil az during the preceding month.
BY July the abundance of other in
sect food caused the meadow lark to
greatly reduce the proportion Of
weevirs taken. Grasshoppers and
ground beetles were the most i'm
portant Of tho other food items.
After Weighing all OF the evidence
for and against the meadow lark the
results are highly In favor of the
bird. As a weevil destroyer the west
ern meadow lark renders most val
liable service during the early days Of
spring. when many breeding adults
fall prey to its diligent search
It's fondness for ground beetles and
caterpillars. especially cut worms. has
a tendency to reduce the percentage
Of weevtls eaten during the following
months. The good It does in the de-
struction of caterpillars more than
offsets the harm arising from the eat
Ing Of ground beetles. As the latter
are usually quite abundant throughout
alfalfa fields, and as many are of
species Of doubtful economic value,
the meadow lark should not be
severely Judged on this score. Exam
nations show that at least from
April to July. this bird IL not a menace
to grain. in the districts where the ex-
periments were made. On the other
hand, its being a resident the year
round makes 1t valuable asset as a
destroyer Of alternating insects, es-
pecfafly the alfalfa weevii. Without
doubt, the meadow lark should receive
the fullest protection.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-05-02

u II Is easy to test seed OF all kinds,
sotll fc. termination and for purity.
si5tr the termination test you need
$ofs i hc: that YOU can make in an
a 70 The purity test, you need
niit Il Decent microscope that will
.,,.lU . count the weed seeds in
Il: number of clover or alfalfa
~ ear CT seed corn will produce
aau&t55 bushels - if all the grains
grow. II none of the grains grow
and corn is so cents a bushel-that
dead ear is a dead loss of 49, If you
catch but one bad ear in testing, you
save a good days wages-if you find
the average number Of bad ones you
can save a weeks wages in an after
noon. Still there are farmers who
think testing seed is Just foolish
scientific frill.
Testing takes only odd hours and it
may make the difference between a
big crop and a crop that does not pay
for the labor of cultivation. When
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-05-02

the seeds to be tested from an indi-
vidual ear. The sand should be well
moistened when the seeds are first
put in the tester, and the tester kept
in warm room. Sprinkle on enough
water from day to day to keep the
sand moist, and after six or seven
days examine the sprouting seeds, and
save for planting only those ears from
which all the kernels gave strong
sprouts.
II seed corn Is taken care of in this
way, and every ear tested for ger
mination, the result will be the best
stand 1t is possible to obtain under
weather and soil conditions at the
time Of planting. Before testing ger
mination, the farmer should exam
inc each ear and throw out all the
ears which do not look right or which
have several withered or damaged
kernels. He should strive to make UP
his seed from ears which in size and
appearance seem to be normal for
ba shelled by hand to avoid the risk
Of damage by mechanical Smelling.
Before Smelling. the owner should
pick out peculiar looking kernels and
separate the seed into sizes so as to
make certain that the corn drill will
plant regularly. .o.a
Under ordinary circumstances. I:
may not be absolutely necessary to
test every individual ear. If large
number of typical ears show ger
minating tests as high as 81 per cent,
the seed In general may be considered
good. Under conditions at all un-
usual, especially in sections where the
last years crop did not ripen normally.
1t will we'll repay a corn grower to
test every ear that he intends to use
for seed.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-05-02

Training Plants by the Use of Frames
1t is much easier for the gardener to
accomplish this while the plant is
small than when it is large, and be-
cause early fruits are as rule more
valuable than late ones 1t is Of al
vantage to the gardener to secure his
crop as early in the season as prac-
ticable. The season is, therefore.
heightened at the beginning rather
by sowing seeds in hotbeds or green
houses several weeks In advance of
the time when they could be safely
planted in the open.
In the latitude of New York City
it is the common practice to SOW the
seeds of the tomato in hot beds about
March 10, while farther south 1t Is
customary to SOW them somewhat
earlier, from the 10th to the 18th Of
February, and as the more southern
attitudes are approached even earlier
dates Of planting are resorted to. In
Florida and southern Texas paintings
are made In November, so that the
fruits come into the market several
weeks in advance of the earliest
northern-grown fruits. 1t is evident
from what has been said that the
tomato has no fixed period Of growth.
In fact, In climates where its growth
is not interrupted by frosts 1t becomes
perennial plant, but in temperate
regions where seasons are markedly
distinct it Is force to acquire an an
nual habit and to b treated a. an
annual plant.
Since the prejudice in regard to the
poisonous qualities Of the fruit has
been broken down and improved can
ming processes have come into use the
tomato has become a very important
commercial feld and garden crop. It
is fruit which, as before stated, Us
no definite season. 1t IS relished at
all periods of the year In fresh state,
and is equally welcome upon the table.
when properly cooked or prepared,
whether 1t has been freshly taken
from the vines or has been preserved
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-05-02
BY r.. r.. KALNfBACH.

The western meadow lark IL . IA
miliar bird of the Great Basin, and
judging from early records Is becom-
ing more numerous, in this section, as
time goes on. Being resident the
year around, it is a common visitor
to alfalfa fields az soon as snow leaves
and is more frequently met during
April and May than later in the year.
During a series Of careful tests 81
OF these birds were collected in April.
and the weevil. which was found to
comprise one-sixth Of their food, was
present in all but seven. One bird
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-05-02
THERE'S USE AND BEAUTY IN VINES
Said when In De.s What
Shrubs" Gavsv Very Ssund AAvssa
BY JO0ErHuCE Ds1lARR


roses' me s~~sS ogea4 Alo VA
.~ncs' 10 ~ vav sAYso09 A(A
1ne WstasSeS 0&e . leN4 1870
oocons estsOllsned' Dvs ss0ey -
oeeuty ana tns prosussoo -
o.ooms'
nsdesse W0s. 1peqP
seen.so' mas s0ss1ess SoeaS 49,
NOT Marcy. siowo !sss ena saes.se:
screen WIN ~ tnsck. nsoY ~
inc metrmony-vSnA AsneNAM
01ooSns are smai! and 0esespA
grows auaoAay, npoSS4e paAe -
sSosFu' sprays tnSs ee0op ~ ~
s&rSn.
me moon-Vs wsoo rem eay
pIenty o. s0n ana wAsss. II meho
sstohlsnAne CROWN IN seaeoa.
sveI, .os tns Dsse rssass y nsse -
ssssseo IN snS saouse.
THOSE VINO went c~saous ana bqp'A
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-05-02

in cans. As result Of the extensive
both a. q field and as q forced crop
East Of the Mississippi River and
north Of the latitude Of Washington,
D. c.. tho tomato IN handled a. an
annual. tho seeds being sown In hot
beds about the middle Of March. The
young plants. as soon a. they have
developed their first true leaves, are
transplanted to stand about 2 inches
apart each way ana are allowed to
develop in these quarters until they
have attained height Of from I to
inches and the leaves begin to crowd
considerably.
Commercial tomato growing in the
Southern States is almost exclusively
confined to the production of tomatoes
at season when they can not be
grown at the North except in green
houses. On this account the CONNER
cial production of this crop is re-
stricted to areas. where there is very
little. If any, freezing during the win
ter months Florida and Texas lead
In the production Of this crop.
Where tomatoes are extensively
grown for shipment to the North, con-
venience, care, and judgment should
enter into the preparation Of the prod
uct for the market. It is always adj
visable and usually necessary to assert
and grade the fruits as they come
from the field before placing them In
the shipping boxes. If this work can
be done in shed located on the rail-
way over which the fruits are to be
transported, so much the better, but
if it Is necessary to haul the tomatoes
some distance for shipment then the
packing shed should be located at t. -,
most convenient and accessible point
for both harvesting and shipping. The
same precautions in handling the
fruits should be observed at the South
as at the North. ~
The fruits as they come from the
vines should pass the scrutiny Of ex-
perienced sorters and graders so that
tomatoes of q certain size and degree
Of ripeness will reach the same ship
ping case. All leaky fruits should be
excluded. and the stems, If any are
found attached to the fruits, should
be removed. Experience Las shown
that fruits are less likely to be broken
and leaky upon arrival at their des-
tination If all stems are removed than
when this feature is neglected.
The individual fruits are wrapped
in soft brown or white tea paper
and packed In two-layer boxes "or in
six-basket peach carrier. Fruits
packed in this way and shipped by
express are successfully carried from
Miami, Fla, to New York, and from
Corpus Christi, Tex, to Chicago.
For tho long shipments which are
necessary In order to place the Florida
and Texas grown tomatoes in the
markets, tho fruits are picked as soon
as they have reached full development
and show the slightest change in color
The stage of ripeness at which fruits
should be picked and shipped should
b. regulated by tho season as we'll as
by the demands of the market for
which they are intended. During
cool weather, the fruit should be ripper
when gathered than during the warm
season. The most distant shipments
should be filed from the least ad-
vanced fruits. These features would
appear to be self-evident. but they
are worthy of enumeration. for they
are important factors in gaining the
highest success.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-05-02
THE TOMATO AS A COMMERCIAL CROP
Prejudice Regarding the Poisonous Qualities the Tomato
Been Overcome This Has Beoom Al Important Crop.
BY l.. @. CORBETT.

The tomato ID one Of the few garden
vegetables Of American origin holding
\ high rank as commercial crop
which has como into general cultiva-
lion within the last century. This
plant because of its relation to the
nightshade family, was for long
time held in disrepute by gardeners
and people generally. For at least a
century after the tomato was more or
less familiar to botanists and garden
ers it was very sparingly cultivated.
and when grown at all was used chiefly
as an ornamental plant. It's cultiva-
ton was, therefore. markedly delayed,
and it was not until after the strong
prejudice that the tomato was poison
BUS was broken down that it's cultiva
ton began to attract attention and its
use became general .s-... e"
The cultivation of the tomato In
England and the United States came
much later than 1t did in the countries
bordering on the Mediterranean. Gil
-latic conditions undoubtedly had
slIch to do with this. Because of the
Rarm climate and otherwise congenial
.cenditions existing in the Mediter-
rarean countries the tomato flourished
the In England however. because
O. ne comparatively short season and
tsna ! amount of heat during the grow
Ing period. the cultivation of this plant
gained slowly. Even now the cultiva-
uass If the tomato in Great Britain is
sicily confined to house and pro-
i ctad walls. In the United States,
aft the plant was once introduced
enc It's poisonous effects We're dis
credited. It's cultivation grew rapidly,
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-05-02
PREVENT THIS LOSS.

The annual loss of fertilizing ma
terials Is enormous in this country
through careless handling of manure.
This loss can be easily prevented in a
large measure by proper methods of
handling. While many farmers are
getting the most from the manure
produced on their farms, yet many
could we'll exemplify the European
farmer in this matter, who saves care
fully and utilities every pound Of ma
nure available.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-05-02

ing them. When they begin to spin. ~
they will be stunted In growth and
unsatisfactory.
There are SO many beautiful vines
among ANNALS, perennials and hardy
vines that 1t IL hard to decide, II the
choice is at all restricted II you wish
to blot out an old building, cover 1t
with vines. II you dislike the neces-
sary fence. turn 1t into q thing of
beauty by planting vines along its
length. Lot vines shade the porch
and thus make 1t q cool and leafy re-
treat from the summers sun. Cur
tain the shutterless south window with
vines and let them grow about the
home wherever possible.
The grape IL one Of the most useful
vines. It Ia hardy; early in spring
its leaves are ready to cast = shadow.
Its blossoms are delicately fragrant
and its fruit 10 delicious. Attention
must be given it in the way of fertility,
pruning and tying. ... .t
Among wild vines the trumpet-vtne,
Tecoma radicans, wild clematts (vtr-
gins bowsr), and bitter-sweet are
popular In transplanting tho latter
from the woods, be sure that you pro-
cure ono that rs fertile, for some. of
them do not bloom. The Dutchman's
pipe is another desirable wild vine.
but 1t Is not ~ common a. those
mentioned above.
The wild climbing rose has an OK
quisite flower; and, once started, grows
shoots ten to fifteen feet high In one
season. ..a-. 5
The climbing roses are led by tho
comparatively new rose. the rambler.
and its hybrids. However, it, foliage
gets shabby and spoils it's beauty - .
porch plant. It makes q brave show
when blooming. The good old prairie
queen still continues to be the stand
ard climbing rose. All tho Ayrshire
roses are hardy, also the Cherokee
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-05-02
QUANTITY OF SEED TO SOW.

The quantity Of spring wheat seed
sown varies with the amount Of
moisture present in the soil, the sise
Of the kernel of the variety used, the
condition Of the seed bed and the date
of seeding. Under ordinary condi-
tions pecks to the acre is best. In
the eastern part Of the area, where
rainfall is high and the soil heavy.
rich. warm, and we'll drained. to 8
pecks give better results. In the
drier soils of the western portions. 8
pecks to the acre are sufficient. Where
durum wheat is sown, as rule the
seeding is peck heavier than COM
mon wheat under the same condi-
tons.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-05-02

and now we find It among the mc-t
generally cultivated Of our garden
vegetables.
The exact location from which the
plants first carried to Europe were Sc
cured is not definitely known, blu. H.
torical evidence indicates that these
plants were taken from Peru.
Because Of the tropical origin Of the
tomato 1t requires long season for
its growth and development, and on
this account 1t Is necessary In the
Northern States In order to secure
paying crops, to resort to methods
which lengthen the growing season.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-05-02

Potatoes will bs inspected BY the
U. s. Department Of Agriculture on
arrival and should it prove that Ca
madam shippers are not complying
with tho regulation Of the Dominion
Government, that Potatoes offered
for export to the United States must
be free from injurious diseases and
insect pests" the permit of tho Of
tending shipper may be revoked.
In view Of the order issued by tho
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-05-02

Vines beautify: they are useful; they
are easy to grow. They shade from
the hot sun; they hide DID, or obnox-
ious features: they encourage the birds
to nest about this house: they are the
drapery nature throws over and about
with a lavish hand to soften and en-
bellish.
When preparing to plant vines, be
sure to spade deeply. manure heavily,
and prepare the soil carefully. After
perennial or hardy vines are estab-
lished 1t 10 difficult to cultivate them.
therefore. do all you can before plant
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-05-02
ESTIMATED MILK YIELD.

The average yield Of milk per COW
for the year is estimated. for the North
Atlantic States 584 gallons; South
Atlantic States 4s3 gallons; North
Central States $50 gallons; South Cen
trail States All gallons; and the far
Western States 615 gallons,
At an average price of 20 cents per
gallon, the years production of milk
is valued at about $2.320, 100000 to
producers.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-05-02
SOWING OATS.

Oats should be sown as early In the
spring as 1t Ia possible to make a good
seed bed. The exact date, Of course,
varies with the season and with the
locality. This does not mean that the
preparation Of the land should be ne
elected in order to SOW early. Better
yields will be produced from seed
sown in good seed bed than from
that sown few days earlier in ground
too cold and wet for the seed to ger
inmate.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-05-02
KEEP. THE BOY ON THE FARM

The best way to keep the boy on the
farm is to prove to him there is
money in it. Put him on tho Job in
the orchard and let him share re-
sponsibility and see the color of some
real money. This will make a fruit
grower Of him. You will obtain an
interested assistant-the boy will ac-
Quire business habits "a mutually
beneficial arrangement. s~. -.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-05-02

A. tsss Daesss snd ~ 81. -
chans,rf. Nd asse - TT
should bs kept On a. A Va9t
1t IL possible. Hfue 1nt 1A %
experienced nookmaG, 6s1sssAs0 49,
things when wsftiD6s
When weeds ~ yo.n9 aO1s4aQR
the sheep are. in . ssnfD. tna6
devoursrs Of tho same. 4ksas ~ Ill
few kinds of weeds tlast tAa&+ eeN -
trim down and consnkns in1n 6npd
mutton IL they have soosss to ~
same at comparatively early stAaA
in the growth OF tho woodA