Wausau pilot. [volume] (Wausau, Wis.) 1896-1940, 1916-12-26
First Aid Insures Minimum Loss
of Service of Animal.
LIABLE TO MANY INJURIES
Air Kent From Wound Causes Pain
to Pass RapidIy-Stop Flow OF
Blood by Several Methods
Use Antiseptic Fluids.
prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)


sures minimum loss of service OF the
animal, but frequently saves its lie.
Horses are liable ordinarily to sucn
wounds as cuts, decorations, contu-
sions, bruises, punctures and poisoned
wounds. They also may be burned or
scalded. incur troublesome harness or
saddle gals, or be afflicted with ul-
GERS, abscesses, or fistulas.
An incised wound is a simple cut
made with sharp body, like knife,
producing merely a division OF the It's
sues. The duller the body the more
force is required, the more tissue de-
stroyed, the greater the time required
for healing. In cut wound the
edges are even and definite, while those
OF lacerated wound are irregular and
torn. Three conditions are present as
q result of an incised wound: I'D Pain,
(2) henorrhage, t3) gaping OF the
wound. The first pain is due to the
crushing and tearing of the nerve
fibers. The secondary pain is usually
due to the action of the air and Ia
fiammatory processes. When air is
kept from the wound pain ceases soon
after the lesion is produced. Bleeding
may be from the arteries, veins, or
capillaries. In the latter form of bleed
ing the blood ooZeS from the part IN
drops. Hemorrhage from the veins
is dark red and issues in steady
stream without squirting. In arterial
bleeding the blood is bright red and
spurts with each heart beat. This lat
ter variety of hemorrhage is the most
dangerous, and should be stopped at
once before attempting any further
treatment Bleeding from small veins
and capillaries ceases in a short time
spontaneously, while larger vessels,
especially arteries, require some form
of treatment to cause complete stop
page of the hemOrrhage.
Stopping Hemorrhage.
Checking the flow of blood may be
accomplished by several methods, such
as compress bandages, torsiOn, hot
iron and ligatures. The application
of an iron at red heat will cause the
immediate CLOTHING of the blood in the
vessels, and this clOt is further sup
ported by the production of a scab,
or crust, over the portion scared. If
the iron is at a white heat, the tissue
is charred, which makes 1t brittle and
the bleeding is liable to be renewed !;
if at a black heat, the tissue will stick
to the iron and will pull away from
~ Is h. al
ter and ice bags quickly stop capillary
bleeding, while hot water is preferable
in more excessive hemorrhages.
A solution of the chloride of iron
placed on a wound alone or by means
of cotton drenched in the liquid pro-
duces a rapid and hard clot. Tannic
acid, alum, acetic acid, alcohol, and
| oil of turpentine are all more or less
active in this respect. To check bleed.
| ing from large vessels compression
may be adopted. When it is rapid
and dangerous and from an artery, the
fingers may be used for pressing be-
| tween the wound and the heart (digital
| compensatory, but if from a vein, the
| pressure should be eXerted on the
| other side of the wound. Tourniquet
may also be used by passing a strap
around the part and Tightening after
placing pad over the hemorrhage.
The rubber ligature has now replaced
| the tourniquet sand is bound tightly
| around the limb to arrest the bleed
| ing. Tampons, such as cotton, tow, or
oakum, may be packed tightly in the
| wound and then sewed up. After re-
naming there for "a or 4S hours they
are removed. .~
! Bleeding may sometimes be easily
checked by passing a pin under the
vessel and by taking a horsehair and
| forming figure by running 1t above
and below the pin, thus causing pres
sure on the vessel. Torsion is the
| twisting of the blood vessel until the
walls come together and form q bar
rier to the flow of blood. 1t may be
accomplished by the fingers, forceps,
or by running a pin through the YES
sci, turning it several times, and
then running the point into the tissue
to keep it in fixed position.
Legation is another method for stop
ping hemorrhage. The blood vessel
should be seized with the artery for
around it, and tied about one-half inch
| from its end. The silk should be Ster-
ilized by placing it in an antiseptiC
solution, so as not to impede the heal
| ing process or cause blood-poisoning
or lockiaw, which often follows the
legation of a vein with unsterilized
material. Sometimes it will be inn
possible to reach the bleeding vessel,
so it is necessary to pass the ligature
around mass of tissue which in
cludes the blood vessel. Legation is
the most useful method of arrestine
hemorrhage, since it disturbs healing
least and gives the greatest security
against secondary hemorrhage.
After the bleeding has been con.
| trolled and all foreign bodies removed
from the wound, the gaping of the
wound is noticeable. 1t is caused by
the contraction of the muscles and
elastic fibers, and it's degree depends
on the extent, direction and nature OF
the cut. This gaping win hinder the
healing process so that it must be
overcome by bringing the edges to
gether by some sort of sutures OF
pins cor by bandage applied from
below upward. AS suture material
ordinary cotton thread is good, if vel
sterilized, as is also hOrsehair, catgut
silk and various kinds of wire
If the suture is made too tight, th'
subsequent swelling may cause thu
stitch to tear out. In order to max,
a firm suture, the depth of the stitcl
should be the same as the distanc'
the stitch is from the edge OF tn,