davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1916-10-20

in which there were rifles at inter-
walls, and the sapphires and iron py-
rites, being the heaviest portion of
the lead matter, caught in these riff
files and were recovered by the simple
process of taking the RIFLES out of
the sluice boxes and washing the riff
file contents with a slight flow of wa
ter to eliminate as much light mat
ter that had lodged there with the
gems and the iron particles as pos
sible. Then the remainder was
shoveled into boxes with handles On
either end so that they could be car
ried to the panning tanks. Here the
sapphires were "panned out" in es-
pecially contrived sleeves. First, how
ever, the matter carrying the precious
stones was placed on a rocker and
run through graded sleeves so that the
different sizes of sapphires could be
taken out separately.
In the early days of the industry
the washing was done in a careless
manner, with the result that a consid-
cradle percentage of the gems were
washed over the rifles on to the
dumps below. To recover these stones,
as we'll as the many which also went
over the rifles in Jumps of undis-
solved corundum and clay, dams
were built across the coulees which
retained practically all of the solid
lead matter. The following year,
when the corundum had had time to
d~isintegrate through the action of the
heat of summer and cold of winter,
these dams we're sluiced out and
many more of the sapphires were
caught in rifles.
In those days an effort was made
to fork out of the ground sluice the
bigger Jumps of corundum and the
space between the sluice boxes and
the sides of the cuts were usually fill
ed with these boulders, which, after
standing fo' a year or two until they
had softened to a crumbling point,
were again shoveled into the rifle
boxes where they readily dissolved
and dropped their sapphires into the
rifles.
In the course of a few years the
available hill sites for hydraulic min
ing had been exhausted, and in the
meanwhile tunnels had been run into
the lead under the open cuts, and a
vast quantity of sapphire "dirt,"
was extracted from the lead in this
manner. But finally the available
tunnel sites were exhausted and it
then became a necessity to sink a
shaft and follow the lead by means of
drifts run at various levels from the
shaft.
Under this method of mining the
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1916-10-20
What About Pat Patten.

&ASNou CIV = 0OoSA'
"What about Patrick Patton q"
some M asked.
Now all these years Pat Patton had
been caring for his sheep and attend
ing to the pleasant business of making
money. He had acquired land in ev-
cry direction. 1t became apparent to
the committee early that he owned
thousands of acres In what is now
Saltwater county. His consent would
make the landowners practically unan-
imous. His refusal to give sanction
to the creation of the new county
would be its death knell.
A committee was sent to interview
Patton. They found him at his home
ranch, caring for his flocks. They put
the question squarely up to him.
Would he consent to the division?
1t Looks Black for Saltwater
Patten was wary. He said he did
not approve of new counties. They
meant more taxes. On the spur of
the moment he would not consent. He
wanted time in which to think the
matter over. The committee did not
have much time to spare, because the
life of a legislative assembly is lin
tied by law to 60 days. They urged
the necessity of their case, but the
sheep king was obdurate.
The committee withdrew to consult
and consider ways and means. A
bright idea came to n of the sup
~plicants. Why not bait their propos-
ais with an offer of first state sem
atOrship of Saltwater county. The
idea found instant favor. A second
conference was held with the man Of
many acres.
Senatorship as Bait.
"Mr. Patten, if the new county Of
Saltwater is created, will you accept
the honor of being its first senator,
as a token of the esteem in which you
are held by us, your fellow citizens"
asked the committees spokesman, a
man not without guile.
81 WILL" replied the sheep king.
There was not an instant's hesitation.
"Then do you consent to the creation
of the county - continued this Still
water Warwick, whose thoughts evil
IDENTIFY ran deep, and who was follow
ing up his advance.
"I do" said Patrick Patten. That
settled it. Saltwater county was
created. At the next session of the
legislature the Hon. Patrick Patten
took his seat as the first senator
from Saltwater.
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1916-10-20

nNE hot day in the middle ZOOS, a
sheepherder was lettering idly on
a slope of the foothills Of Little Belt
mountains, some Is miles west of the
town of Utica, in Fergus county,
while his herd grazed in the rolling
country near him. He stopped to light
his pipe, dropped the match and
stopped down after it. As he did so
his eye was attracted by a blue, trans
parent pebble, which he took at first
to be a piece of blue glass. He picked
it up, wondering how it came to be
there, but a glance convinced him it
was not glass.
In that idle moment that flockmas-
ter had discovered the only sapphire
mine in the world; a property which
in the twenty odd years that have in
tervened has yielded millions of dol
lars in values; a mine with such in
exhaustable possibilities that it can
be worked for a thousand years, turn
ing out enough to supply the worlds
markets, without draining it dry of it's
wealth.
A few weeks before sapphires had
been discovered a few miles away in
Yogo creek, which, 1T afterward was
found cuts the lead that the sheep
man had found. The discoverer of the
gems in the creek bottom was Jake
Hoover, an old-time hunter and pros
pector, who had been grub-staked by
S. S. Hobson, now a resident of Great
Falls, to placer mine for gold in Yogo
creek.
Hoover, while panning along the
banks of Yogo creek, had found some
of the blue stones in his pan. He
showed them to Mr.. Hobson and told
him he thought they were gems of
some kind. The latter took them to
Helena to a Swiss ~lapidarian, who
went into transports of joy when he
had examined them. He pronounced
them sapphires of the finest quality.
1t happened that Mr.. Hobson, to-
gether with DR.. ]. A. Bovett, a re-
sident of the Judith Basin, had just
completed the construction of a ditch
which carried water from upper Yogo
creek out onto the foothills which
were cut by the sapphire lead. The
ditch had been built for placer mining
for gold.
A thorough examination of the sap
phire lead showed that every portion
of it could be reached with the wa
tiers from the ditch.
Mr.. Hobson and Matt Dunn of
Great Falls then proceeded to stake
out every foot of the sapphire lead ex-
cepting one claim on the west end,
and buy the one or two claims along it
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1916-10-20
MontaaaS heepherder Fo1n1dO Only Sapphire
Mine IN World; 1t Has Yielded Millions
Fergus County Gem Property G AN Be oIed or Thousand Years WHhotD Draining 1t Dyd Wealth. When First Oph
ed 1.-The owners Usdh Throw Always mns mmr@ shat AeU @d Tnyt for anhJ Jewels sand Mechanical rmnt

sapphire bearing matter is brought
to the surface and run out on tressels,
forming a dozen or more dumps, and
these, according to the hardness of
the part of the lead matter that is be-
ing worked, are allowed to stand until
they have had time to disintegrate
from the action of the weather. Then
they are run through sluice boxes
and over rifles as before, but in a
thoroughly precise and scientific
manner, so that there is today prac-
tically no loss of stones as in the old
days.
The sapphire brine is under the
management of C. Y. Gadsden, who
has had charge for Is years.
Mr.. Gadsden has made exhaustive
experiments with the processes of
recovering the sapphires, and has
worked out the detail of the equip
ment so carefully that practically per-
feet results are obtained in the min
ing and washing of the stones.
In the first days of the sapphire
mining all stones classed as culls,
which were beneath a certain size and
weight, were thrown away as value
less. Years ago, however, these were
all gathered up again to be used for
watch jewels, mechanical instrument
manufacturing and other purposes,
returning a big revenue to the COM
pany. Some years back Mr.. Gadsder
installed a concentrating plant on the
property which eliminates most OF
the matter which is caught in the riff
files with the sapphires. After the
gravel containing the tiny sapphires
has been washed and put through the
concentrators, it is shipped to Eng
land and sold there.
The larger sapphires are pickec
from the gravel by hand, and thes,
also are shipped to England. Nom
of the precious stones are marketed
in the United States by the company
Those that come back to this countr,
to be made up into jewelry in on
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1916-10-20

miles, appearing at the eastern end
on one side of a coulee and running in
a westerly direction to Yogo creek.
The lead is we'll defined all that dis
lance, averaging perhaps a dozen feet
in width. In some places it widens
out and in others is narrower. There
is nothing on the surface of the
ground to tell the casual observer of
the presence of the sapphire bearing
lead beneath, but a careful inspec-
ton makes the lead easily ~traceable,
as the gophers' holes at intervals
along the surface show, where the
ground is disturbed, a different char
acter of soil on the lead from that
along the sides. In places, also, a
slight depression in the ground shows
where the lead runs.
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1916-10-20

that had been taken up by the sheep
mar who first found the sapphires ON
the lead. They organized a company
to mine sapphires and sold some stock
to George Wells of Great Falls. Mr..
Wells went to London and interested
an English firm of gem merchants,
johnson, Tolhurst & Walker, who
bought a considerable block of stock.
The company was incorporated as the
New Mine Sapphire Syndicate.
Later Messrs. Hobson, Dunn and
Wells sold their interest to the English
people. The latter subsequently pur-
chased the ground at the western end
of the lead owned by the American
Sapphire company, and now every foot
of the sapphire ground is owned by
the Englishmen.
This is the only place in the world
where sapphires are found in the
ground. In the orient, where the
world IS supply previously came from,
the gems were found in the bars of
rivers.
The sapphire is the crystal of orun-
dunn, a substance which is used largely
in the manufacture of emery wheels
and emery stones for sharpening tools.
The sapphire lead consists of corun-
dunn in varying degrees of disintegra-
ton and deposits of yellow and blue
clay. The stones are found scattered
through the corundum and clay.
The first method of securing the
sapphires was an extremely crude and
wasteful one, and entailed a heavy
percentage of loss of the stones.
The sapphire lead runs through the
foothills for a distance Of about four
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1916-10-20
HOW MANY STEPS DOES
A MAN TAKE TO A MILE?

London.-How man steps does the
average person take to the milef The
pace of British infantrymen is said
to be the longest of any infantrvmen
in the world. The Russians pace is
the shortest, being but 271a inches
the French, Italian, and Austrian
pace is 80 inches, and the Germans
do 81 inches.
But your own pace, what of it? 1t
depends on your height, say scien-
lists. Take your eyebrow height,
halve it., and that represents your
You will find il Ia be some
where between 80 inches and 80
inches, so that you win need between
1000 and 2,100 PAGES to the mile.
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1916-10-20
A. G. M. EARNING
LARGE DIVIDENDS;
$50, 900, 900 THIS YEAR

Butte.-Up to the end of this
year the Anaconda Copper Min
ing Company will have paid out
in dividends SIG, 1913, $50, COM
pared with $4,662, 500 disbursed
in 1915, and So, 1882 in 1914.
The dividend paid out this year
is on a basis of $500 per share
on the outstanding 2,331,250
shares.
Production Of copper, which is
sold up to the end of 1916, is
running at the rate of about
340,000,0 900 pounds annually.
The company is earning at the
rate of between $45, 600, 900 and
$50,000,000 a year, or well over
$4,000 per share.
Anaconda, according to the
best information obtainable,
stands an excellent chance to
earn over $500 per share in
1917, with metal selling at or
above % cents per pound. This
would mean earnings of some
thing like 500, 900, 900, or about
$4,000 per share in two years.
On this basis Anaconda may
pay as much as $40, 000, 900 in
dividends in 1917.
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1916-10-20
ONE IN THREE FOR WAR.

Ottawa.-Four hundred thous-
and Canadian soldiers are eth
er fighting in France or are
ready to go to war. The domin-
ion government plans to raise
another 100000 men.
When it is considered that
there are less than 100000
male adults of all ages in the
dominion, and this number in
cludes the physically unfit,
some idea of Canada magni-
ficent aid to Great Britain may
be had.
It means one man in every
three for war.
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1916-10-20
Patterns WORD
CREATED COUNTY
SALTWATER SHEEP KING GOT
STATE SENATORSHIP FOR
ADOLESCENCE.
Owned Thousands of Acres In Terri
tory of New County and Legislative
Attitude Made His Consent to Gre
alton Necessary.

Patrick Patten looms large in the
destinies of Saltwater county. He is
a sheep baron, who came to Montana
without means, and waxed wealthy by
his own endeavors and the states
wonderful development. He played
his part in the creation Of Saltwater
county.
When it was proposed to carve out
a new county in that section of the
state the business men of Columbus
got together and formulated their
campaign. They found things to their
liking. Within the boundaries of the
county there was sufficient assessable
property to make the proper showing
before the Legislature.
The committee in charge went to
Helena and presented the case to the
legislature. 1t seems that some of the
statesmen told the committee that the
new county would be created provid-
ing that a majority of those holding
land within the county approved of
the creation. The committee went
back to Columbus and canvassed the
situation, found a very large proper
ton of the land wner favorable to
their plans.
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1916-10-20

form or another are bought in Lon
don by American gem merchants.
Due to the wal in Europe, the mar
ket for s~aprhires in England, France
and the other European countries has
been temporarily wiped out, so that
aside from the gems purchased for the
United States and South America,
very few sapphires are being sold to-
day. For this reason the famous
Fergus county sapphire mine has been
worked very little for two years.
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1916-10-20

No Dead Ones Need Apply.
An Astoria, Ore, undertaken adver-
tises for an assistant, who, he says,
must be IN all around live man.
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1916-10-20

The country through which the sap
phire bearing dyke runs is rolling in
character, the lead crossing a number
of fairly deep coulees with steep sides.
The first method of mining was to
carry water to the highest elevations
and, by hydraulic pressure wash the
sapphire bearing lead matter down
through the narrow cuts which were
formed. The sapphire "dirt" in this
process travelled through sluice boxes
New-York tribune., 1916-01-15
Democracy ard Conscription.

To the Editor or The Tribune.
Sir. With an duo respect 70 your htorial
wisdom. may venture TO point out ia!i"ey
urdcrlvin. your article Nonsense About
Conscr.ptIou" I'D today paper!
you sneak OF serving and defending ones
co.,n-rv i'm timc of war a. though the TWO
were srnonymout Yet many people inc!uH-
ing certainly many British Radicals hold me
on,oeite view. Moreover. Investigation would
show YOU that both Switzerland and Aus
.raIia which you cite ~ examples of democ-
rocic7 practising compulsory service, only
roouire .hcir citizens 20 serve W'thin tAeIr
own borders: that p. ir case their country
is invaded and DO not compel them 20 serve
abroad. lived in England some eighteen
wears. and am quite sure that there arc very
many honorable EnglisImen VINO would hght
70 the last If England were invaded, and "ho
set would object 90 be forced wil!E-nlly 20
serve .u Egyy. or Flanders or Nesopotamia
ir order TO protect Serbian murdGers from
punfsbment or 10 cztend the Infamous Rus
sian rule over large portions OF Central
ruropc And Tho proposed conscrpuon bii
does no. uult service to home defence.
Perhap, an example nearer home "iil make
my meaning clearer: Suppose at tie tlmc
.ghc. tho ReDublic OF Panama was estahii hed
Colombia had acted in the spirit Of Serbs
or Belgium. refused TO bow TO force msJeure'
attempted to coercc Panama, and had thus
involved the United states "in moan war
rith weak power suppose. further tnat
.h, two povcrfuI empires Of, let us .ay. siam
.rd Aby.siria. rad backed Colombia with
fhcir srmic- and uay'cs. and that 'hc war
s-.s
New-York tribune., 1916-01-15
PREPAREDNESS OR SURRENDER
The Country's Weakness Should BE
Made Strong by Congress.

10 tho Editor Of The Tribune
Sir: "Do not bascly surrender that which
has been gained with 'hc greatest diaiculty
This inscription. in Latin, marks the grave
Of Bradford at Plymouth. on Burial ilill.
where rests that leader Of the colony of 1920
cxiIcs for freedom and Righteousness. among
them two from th, Walloon country the
French Netherlands BOW Belgium
Nearly goo wears OF American history ccho
those words. rhc spirit Of l77G and OF 1861
calls us to consider our country's peril and
make adequate the dcfcnccs OF tho United
States
Our bat,ic lag arc drapcd at West PoFt
at AuuapoIi and at Governor lsl7"d r'
white nag OF surrender ls among thcm
\ nation. guardian Of pa. rrc,"u' aHd
future. has not the right Of olf-lc7'ruc'ior
An individual may. like two American ms
sioraries ir China during the Boxer war. Pee.
fuse to defend himself and perish in hf
home.
Our trained soldiers. according % Gonct"
Greene. are one 10 00O Of population; tho e.
of possible cncr o. are so 20 900 "hc S'i.
plan. recommended by General wood. o',er-
n trained reserve discipiin" and cmploym'nl
Our national defence IS bound up with d..
fence of this continent. oar Nor'oo Doc
trno may bc violated Ouf coast defence
arc inadcuuatc Our coaft artillery ,'csf
mon and ammunitiou We lack ships mon.
national rlard and army reserve.
Fire and lf. insurance cause no death. pi"
psrcdnc.s eau o.. no war When our r''a. ors
with Japan .clc strained. .vo year. ago. '."i.
cral Funston cablcd ,n code from "r"o.al~
10 Washington FOR troops our roor. sailed.
supposedly 'or Manila. but reinforced Homo
lulu, and trouble ceased.
We spared no expense to raise ouf DC
fective submarine "a and bring home her
dead. We have built for other nations the
best submarines in NJ, world. How much
wiser to have better submarines for ou' own
use.
Ant:oua,ed army acroplanes haro caused
serious accidents.
Ordnance officers resign and ca'c- mum
tious corporations a. experts TO gain modern
equipr.cnt o. work -nopa which government
arscnals cannot aford
Bat,lo,hip. maruuvre iu units o' tour. lnc
Nav BOARD 1ainly recommended bu'a.nt
four alike ;rc anne year
\ condition. not q theory. confronis us. nc
prepa~e}ncss granted bv Congress VIII "'
rcctiy reflect popular demand.
Therefore, the point ~ sue lS 'h"' T."
.ocrc,afie- o. organizations and all ciu|cns
,,. rorrcscrtcd by organizations enoui'
,,rito a. once to their Coagrcs sman, demand
i,,- nis vote. regardless of politicians. lo'
,.rc.,.reI,oss. rs recommended by Secretary
Garrison. ov General Wood and by oihc'a'
New-York tribune., 1916-01-15
MILK FOR GERMAN BABIES
cte from Tribune Readers This Appeal for Help Comes
with HI Grace Nation Which Murdered Belgian French
English and American Babes-Fayng the Baby Act

To the tditor or The Tribune.
SIR: Germany appeals 20 us on behalf or
babies Whnt seems well organized cam
paign with the sanction Of an ambassador
has started. to the ayowcd end that our pres 5
may make pitiful the plight Of dying Ger
nan baby. Impulsivo response on our part
is quite likely 20 foster this campaign. And
j. has all the danger OF any other German
machinston n this country and more. The
ignition Of feeling is more potent among
Americans than the ignition Of a factory.
With the German element assisting, this
blaze could he made certain and widespread.
Now ne have appealed 20 Germany on be-
nalf Of babies for more than year our own
babies stifed in the water about the Lusl-
.ania Belgian babies spitted on bayonet ends,
English babies shattered by lowering Zep-
pclins. French babies not only without milk
but without mothers. To put it most char
itably. the Germans have not shown them
selves sentimental abou: babies heretofore,
end our appeals have had the sanction OF
law Suddenly she asks from u the utmost
OF eentiment, including an offence to inter
national law And on the subiec Of babies
-Nt fltINOultrl|F ilI't tAtt~ W 'It~t- bntDti -
fats. lards md other essential not required
tv babies but suitable 20 the comfort Of
armies aud civilians Is she cndcsvorng 10
treas tho blockade by utilizing our bother
one feeling for humanity, Is il quite fair
that she should ask us 10 oFend international
lsw that Germans may continue the war,
rardly memorable on their part so Tar for
,'s tenderness toward m" very >oung'
I We think we will ,eal ze that Germans
themselves can help their babies best by end
ing the war. England is irving 60 make them
do o The blockade is 'he grip %. bulldog,
Kicked about wounded, bca.ei O. late. il
viii no. be given Gp. The one result oar at
tempt al Intervention would have is 20 bring
as into sentimental conhic, with England.
The ursentime ltal German haidly hopes for
break Of tuat blockade Bu' IN tho head
line. England Refuses German Babies MINI
se sec the possible objec. o. .his propaganda.
A for our action undo thi. 10 idiou5 APP
peal. so self-m.eres.ed, so equ.yocal We
would do well 20 repeat TO ourselves: Re
member the Lusitsnia babies. the Belgian
uabies. the English babies. the French babies.
the miserable lttlc starving being Of an en-
tire war country. and lc. chat war -top who're
IL began" L.
New York. Jan. T. 1916
New-York tribune., 1916-01-15
Not a War with Children.

To tie Editor of The Tribune
Sir: The German people need mills t.l
their babies. Need milk for their babies
Send !, 10 ,hem. Wake. you uao control ar
fairs. Many babies axe starving now; aiteen
twenty thirty minutes a,ca. add. to thcir
suffering. This ie q way .-. ..n .o. chill
dren. There are men vaa e.e'd through
hell backward to feed their cf.It-,~ ft you
have never mot them you a.c ea-. u.at.
4 nation or nations. man or mca. H.o lard
in the way Of the German bab,e- food are
cowards. and worse.
Did yol never mold kid ODD ro.r aaec
Think what it meas, where hc.n.,..acs
suffer- ha"e we not seen enough Of it
ould YOU torpedo a boat with child..n cl
it: You DO far more if you stare tncn.
Do YOU think the Germans would use ,ly
milk sent Tor their babies? Remember. tbc
Germans are men. and f they lc,- .hclI
children rs they love their country hey can
be trusted. AN IRISH DAD.
New YORK Jan. :. 1919