davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Milford chronicle., 1916-02-04
. country Should bear in mind

e country should bear in mind
THAI when the present revenue system
waS inaugurated the ordinary expendi-
lures of the Government for that fiscal
year (19l2) amounted to 1854 ,553 693.
Every year since that time the exigencies
Of the Government have required in
creased expenditures, until today it is
estimated By the Secretary Of the Treas
ury that for the next fiscal year 1910
the ordinary expenditures of the Govern
ment, exclusive Of any additional pre-
paradness for war purposes, will amount
to S741 ,S91 600 or Ss7 1888, 057 in excess
Of the ordinary expenditures of the Gov
ernment the year the present revenue
law was enacted From Senator Oscar
Underwood's speech in the Senate, de-
Tending his tariff law.
I'VE denounce the prohigate waste Of
The money wrung from the people by op-
pressive taxation through the lavish ap
of recent Republican Con-
crosses, which have kept taxes high and
reduced the purchasing power of the
peoples toll. We demand a return to
hat simplicity and economy which BELTS
Democratic government and reduc-
ion in the number of useless offices, the
alaries of which drain the substance Of
he people. From the Democratic plat
orm of 1912.
Milford chronicle., 1916-02-04
CAULK CLUB NOTES

lhe Caulk Club Minstrels will ma
ltlVely appear in the Armorv Hail on
/ Friday evening, February II 1o1e
Owing to the fact that number of
the troupe intended being away on
the date previously set for the min
;. slrels, II was necessary to postpone
II. Every indication points to an eT-
celIent performance and evervbodv is
assured an evening Of entertainment
sueh as the Caulk Club is noted TO-
The lineup follows:
lnterlocutOr-Chas. Esbam
End Men-Messrs. Revbold Tsnk
murphy Collins, Nutter and Dennev
DouDle Quartet-Misses Esther and
Mildred Walls, Agnes and Esther Cib-
son Messrs. Shaw, Viereck. CounsaI-
man and Wharton. OOuiis ei-
Chorus-Messrs. Smith. Hammond
Johnson, Wagner and Holston Missos
ans. '0Aiiu ana bV-
Specially Artists-Nressrs Do
i,o noia' Esham, Murphy, Viereck. Col
Evans. anu Myrle
Presbyterian orchestra
s,a.,. 'y pc. cent. OF the net proceeds
.som .lo tne Minstrels viii be devoted to
-, Tue ,Il,t interests Of the Milford Emergen-
cy Hospital. This is not done fo, fo,. En- an
sake OF notoriety. but from a sanso an. ~, nS
uuty' The Club has never bea,, ~. -
ca 70 contribute a cent to the bosnitaI
cause but the idea develoned anaon1
-ne members, and We ave DELAYED IN
saIIylng az out our idea TO do sooetb;ns
W or, llis cause, awaiting an onnortnne
-llle, me we believe that this is fbe on ono
poItune time and it is bv tbe nToft.
'ptalhed by the use of our severei e-.
alents that we hope to make tbie nc q -
lucIion a success fnanciaIlv Tbo
AUX Club is a self-supportino cInb
5 not controlled by "a clioue and f'So Te
'elleye-if we may seem co1oaita s.Hu we
benefit TO Milford 1oHeeited-
Milford chronicle., 1916-02-04

successful in the State. Mrs. Benson
and Mrs. Lewis sang a Y. P. B. song,
"The World is Moving On" Mrs. Kill
len, Mrs. Benson and Mrs. Lewis told
of the progress of their branches and
improvements that could be made for
further advancement. recommending
the study course, parliamentary drills,
social and literary programs, work in
the Sunday Schools and every member
given something to do.
Miss Sutton urged all unions to send
reports of their meetings to her, in
order that they could be published
regularly. The treasurer of Kent re-
ported a balance of S36.63 in the treas
ury. A joint letter of sympathy was
ordered sent to Mrs Messick. State
president, on account of serious ill
ness in her family
Milford chronicle., 1916-02-04
KENT LEVY COURT.

The Kent County Levy Court me
last Tuesday to organize for 1916
President Benjamin Donoho was re
elected unanimously for the third yea
and thanked the members for the hon
or.
William Watson Harrington of Dow
er. was elected attorney.
For janitor and custodian of the
county buildings there were two nom
nations. James A. KERN, incumbent
for several years, and James V. Boy
| err both OF Dover. KERN received
seven votes and Boyer three.
DR.. John w. James of Dover was re-
elected Jail physician. Trustees of the
poor were chosen, as follows: Second
district, Benjamin H. Moore; Fourth
Isaac l.. Johnson; Sixth, John o d.
Cooper; Eighth. James X. Hurd /;
Tenth, William Hall.
A resolution offered by Mr.. Ford,
authorizing a bond issue of $4,000 for
road improvement, remainder of S25,-
900 authorized last year, was adopted.
Commissioner Hufnal asked to sell
one acre of ground in West Dover
Hundred near Hartly, which the coun-
ty bought several years ago for the
clay used in road improvements in
that district. The clay had all been
used and nothing remained but sand.
As an offer of $10O had been offered
by the owner of the farm adjoining,
the court authorized the sale.
County Comptroller Grieves sub
mitted the error and delinquent lists
Of Evans Cook, collector of the sew
enth district, and w. r. Webb of the
Fourth district, the former being
S91.19 and the latter s5202.
Comptroller Grieves also reported /
axes uncollected for 1914, amounting
10 $19,S4705. From this amount the
error and delinquent lists of eight dis /
ricts will be allowed
Commissioner Fold offered a reso- (
utiOn that each commissioner notify
he county engineer before February
% of needed road machinery in his
district for the coming year and that
my machinery needed be purchased
rom the Good Roads Machinery Co.
# Philadelphia, as per prices sub
nitted Adopted
County officers reports were sub
nitted showing the amounts of fees
by each Office during Janu-
ry, as follows: Register of Wills
oshua Smith, s525.2O Recorder of
leeds W. r. Peters, S5O1.53; Prothon-
tary Wilbur d. Wilds, $142.23; Clerk
( the Orphans Court and Register in
hancery j. Thomas Lowe, S46.62;
heriff Thomas A. Kirby, 1892;
lerk of the Peace S. S. Sarde. S14.41.
Collection of fines by justices of the
eace and constables for the month
ere submitted as follows: John B.
Dover, $3.50; E. F. Wood,
over, $23.65; Frank Postles, Smyrna.
].20; George R. Jones, Harrington, II
100; Constable Frank Vansant, of II
over, $41.50; D. H. Robbins of Fred
-ica. 1910 II
Bills amounting to $4,57S.72 were
lowed.
Because of the frightful accident oc-
lrring to a young boy near FELTON, II
st week by the climbing an electric
ght pole and grabbing a heavily iii
larged electric light wire, which
lrned his hand off and badly burned :
5 head, Commissioner Murray and
-torney Harrington were appointed
committee to confer with the owners
the electric light system in that To-
lity. with view to having the step m
ng pegs taken from the poles for a n
rtain distance from the ground. h,
Milford chronicle., 1916-02-04

The Roumsuian Government is making
arrangements to place a contract in this
country for 5000, 900 horse-shoes, of two
pounds each in weight, which will require
5000 tons of steel to make up. This will
give additional labor to American work.
ingmeu and help along the steel industry.
Secretary Redfeld has not yet credited
this order to any Of his commercial at
taches.
Milford chronicle., 1916-02-04

THE police Of Milford are earnestly en-
forcing the laws, and discharging their
duty which results in better civic condi-
tons, and goodly sum of ready money
paid into the treasury as fines for disor-
derly conduct. This is very pleasing to
the people who respect and obey the laws.
Milford chronicle., 1916-02-04

The nomination OF Philander c. Knox
for the United States Senate from Penn
sylvania should serve as a further cemen-
tation of the Progressive and Republican
parties in that State. Mr.. Knox was one
of three mentioned by Colonel Roosevelt
as an acceptable candidate for the presi-
dency.
Milford chronicle., 1916-02-04

LOOK at your pocket knife. If it has
Germany stamped on it, it is an argu-
ment for a protective tariff. Formerly
Germany bought pocket knives in Shelf
field, England, but put on tariff and
thereafter not only made them in her
own factories but shipped them all over
the world.
Milford chronicle., 1916-02-04

COLONEL ROOSEVELT has ordered his
name of the primary ticket in Michigan,
too. The Colonel, you see wants Will
son beaten. And the Colonel is prac-
tical man.
Milford chronicle., 1916-02-04

ARGENTINE exports of beef for the
week before Christmas were 40, 563 quar-
tiers, of which the United States received
p ,64e. and from which the Federal
Treasury received not a cent Of revenue.
Milford chronicle., 1916-02-04
Card Of ThsnL..

a., 100 10 Gun . KIND friends and neigbbors We
=. eealu + Iur Inanks for their Kindness and
sympathy during the last ''is,,sss HES anI a,5
% usaln OF our husband. caleb Ii5fsS WIN. snu
Mps VIZ uSepafted this life Jaluarv 2atb
nlNs' CALEB WILLIAMS AsD SON ISs,i, EI .-rv
Milford chronicle., 1916-02-04

AFTER a cut Of 40 per cent in the tariff,
by the Underwood Act, and with 6S
per cent Of all goods now coming in free
~s duty, the Bureau finds that On $40
ative commodities there was
"A balow 1918 of nearly
he cost, and even this
,orne out by the reports
statistical bureaus on
Milford chronicle., 1916-02-04

fERAIs-INCLUDING POSTAGE
Zone Year, Cash In Advance, 100
I Six Months, In Advance ....... 0.50
r One Year. Not Paid In Advance. l.50
Milford chronicle., 1916-02-04
MAGNOLIA.

The series of meetings continue with
increased interest. Several persons have
been converted.
The Ladies Aid Society will hold their
regular monthly meeting on Monday
The place and hour will be announced
at church on Sunday.
The Women S Christian Temperance
Union will be entertained by Mrs. J.. w
Wright OH Thursday afternoon at two
o clock text word Wisdom "
John Roberts moved his family and
household goods to Wilmington this
week
The Loyal Temperance Legion will
meet on Friday afternoon, Immediately
after close Of school. All members and
those who will join are urged to be
present.
Through the courtesy of James H.
lester, delightful auto ride to Harrington
was enjoyed last week b Mrs. c. NJ
Mensch, Mrs. c. S. VaDBurkalow and
Mrs. J. F. Faulkner. Mrs. Mensch was
the guest of Rev. and s T. E. Terry;
the OILERS attended orkers Confer
ence of the Womer stian Temper
ance Union here Y.
Mrs. c. S. rned to her
home in Cur on Wednes- |
day afterta her daugh- |
ter, Mro
Rel Prices
mod IS 6, Son,
Mil 1t
y were
cath of
,Ps;- PeG-
Hart
three
wed
It it
n.
Milford chronicle., 1916-02-04

bill was proposed
war conditions, -
der of President
ownership mea-
1mT.lY passed a
.or swould
tell US what
are not now
hat is idle
freight if
z. Please
ting his
bile all
ing for
good
mail
our
III
ur
The weekly messenger. [volume] (St. Martinsville [i.e. St. Martinville] La.) 1886-1948, 1916-10-28
FALL FLOWING HAS
MANY ADVANTAGES
Improves Soil Texture; Kills Weeds
and insects; Saves Time in
the Spring Rush.

Fall blowing improves the texture
of the soil and causes a greater libs-
ration of plant food, due to the &C
ton of the weather than spring plow-
ing. BY turning under the organic.
or vegetable, matter In the fall it has,
Of course, more time to rot and to be-
come thoroughly incorporated into the
soil.
Fall blowing causes many weed seed
to terminate and the weeds to be
killed by cold weather. Many insects
are brought to the surface, also. to be
killed by the frosts.
The time for fall blowing should be
largely a matter of convenience. The
heavier soils may safely be plowed
first. Land with a great deal Of vege-
table matter on it to be turned under
should be plowed early in order to give
this matter more time to rot.
There is not always sufficient time
in the spring for proper preparation
of the soil, especially where the crops
are to be planted early. hence it is
good farm management to make u
part of this preparation in the fall.
1t is not always best to pillow sandy
lands and hill lands in the fall unless
they are also seeded to a cover crop.
otherwise there is apt to be much
loss from teaching and erosion.
j. l.. HERS,
Extension Division. Louisiana State
University.
The weekly messenger. [volume] (St. Martinsville [i.e. St. Martinville] La.) 1886-1948, 1916-10-28
Crop Rotation Has Many
Advantages.
Prnes Bulletin.

Crop rotation is the foundation
on which permanent; agriculture is
built. Below are six reasons why
the one-crop system is unsafe and
why it should be abandoned and
diversified farming practiced :
|. Because the system depends
upon the market and crop condi-
tons affecting the one crop alone:
failure of either brings serious
disaster
2. Because it does not provide
for the maintenance of soil ferti-
lily.
3. Because it does not provide
a sufficient live stock industry to
consume the waste products of the
farm and make its waste lands
productive.
4. Because it does not provide
for Il system of farm management
under which labor, teams and tools
may be used to the fullest advan-
tage.
>. Because it brings returns in
cash but once year thereby fos-
tering a ruinous credit system.
6. Because it does not produce
the necessary foods to supply the
people upon the farm.
The weekly messenger. [volume] (St. Martinsville [i.e. St. Martinville] La.) 1886-1948, 1916-10-28
NEGROES Hold Farm Meeting.
SHOW LIVE STOCK AND d.
VERSIFIED CROPS.
Parks. La, Oct. %, 1916.

Parks. La, Oct. 90, 1916.
Special to The Weekly Messenger.
In response to we'll organized
plan, more than three'hundred ne
groes turned out here today to hear
talks OIL good farming and proper
methods as advocated by the L. $.
Department of Agriculture. A
large number of agricultural pro-
ducts were on display and num-
Der of farmers brought in live
stock.
Local arrangements were under
the direction of D. H. Butler and
a committee.
The following persons were on
program Prof. Craitain, of the
Agricultural department of The
Holy Rosary spoke Oh Forage
crops. Talks were made on Oats
as a money CROP Fall Plough
ing. Drs. L. l.. WEIGH of New
Iberia and l.. A. Butler of Breaux
Bridge spoke on Good Health OH
the Farm.
The meeting was under the di-
rection of }. NJ. Burr as agent fol
the U. S Department of Agricul-
ture and University Extention
Burr told of the work being done
throughout the state 10y the depart.
ment and the University.
The key note of the meeting wal
to show that by proper methods az
advocated by the department, there
was a living Oh the farm for those
who would work. That the south
ern farm land offered the best
possible chances for making a com
Portable living.
The weekly messenger. [volume] (St. Martinsville [i.e. St. Martinville] La.) 1886-1948, 1916-10-28
Chansing Seasons Bring Colds

"Stuffed-up head" eloggedup nose,
tight chest. sore throat are sure signs
of cold, and Dr. Kings New Discovery il
sure relief. A dose Of this combination
Of antiseptic baIsams soothes the irri-
tated membrane. clears the head. lOOs-
ems the phIegnI, you breathe easier and
realize your cold is broken up. Treat a
cold persistently; halfway measures
leave lingering cough. Take DR..
Kings New Discovery until your cold
Ia gone. For AZ years the favOrite rem
edy for young and old. At your drug
gist. SOC,
The weekly messenger. [volume] (St. Martinsville [i.e. St. Martinville] La.) 1886-1948, 1916-10-28
LOCAL NEWS.

Mrs. Arthur Theaux of Brous-
sard was here Wednesday.
Mr.. L. j. Gardemal made a trip
to New Orleans this week.
Mr.. f. Z. Soulier made visit
to New Orleans this week.
Mr.. and Mrs. f. S. Broussard of
Broussard were here Wednesday.
Messrs. Waldo Liable and Dan
Olivier of Broussard were here
Sunday.
Mrs. w. ID. Roussel and little
son Allen, of Patterson, are here
visiting at the home of MIR. l.. j.
Gardemal.
MIR. Roman Barras who was
working at Port Arthur, Texas,
came home this week to make the
grinding season here.
DR.. p. H. Fleming attended a
meeting of the Columbian Wood
men in Shreveport this week, re-
presenting the local lodge.
The weekly messenger. [volume] (St. Martinsville [i.e. St. Martinville] La.) 1886-1948, 1916-10-28

Corn is selling for higher prices
than ever been known in this pa
IRISH at any time under any condi-
tons, and the same is true over the
entire country. Louisiana produ-
ced more corn that it ever produc-
ed before, and produced much more
than many of the corn states of the
west.
The weekly messenger. [volume] (St. Martinsville [i.e. St. Martinville] La.) 1886-1948, 1916-10-28
Catarah Deafness Cannot Be Cured

by local applications, as they cannot
reach the diseased portion Of the ear.
There is only one way to cnrs catarrhal
deafness. and that is by II constitutional
remedy. Catarih Deafness is caused by
al inflamed condition of the mucous
lining Of the Eustachian Tube. When
this tube 10 inhamed you have rum
bling sound or imperfect hearing, and
when it is entirely closed, Deafness is
the result. Unless the Inflammation
eau be reduced aud this tube restored to
its normal condition, hearing will be
destroyed. Many cases Of deafness are
caused by catarrh. which is AL indamed
condition Of the mucous surfaces. Halls
Catarrh Cure acts thru the blood Oh the
mucous surfaces Of the system.
We will give One Hundred Dollars for
any case Of Catarrh Deafness that-can
not be cured by Halls Catarrh Cure.
Circulars free. ALI druggists, 70 cents.
+. j. Cheney Il Co.. Toledo. D.
The weekly messenger. [volume] (St. Martinsville [i.e. St. Martinville] La.) 1886-1948, 1916-10-28
Office
Office.
DEMAND OF ADMINISTRATION.
In the matter of
Estate of Edward Champagne

Estate of Edward Champagne
Probate Docket No. 370S.
18th Judicial District Court.
State OF Louisiana. Parish Of st. Martin
Whereas. Herziiis Delahoussaye wife
of Edward Champagne. Of the Parish
OF st. Martin. Louisiana. has fled her
petition in this Office applying to be ap-
pointed administrative Of said above
mentioned and entitled succession.
Now Therefore Public Notice in hereby
given to all parties interested to show
cause, if any they have in writiDg,with-
in ten days from this publication. why
said application should not be granted
and said appointment made AS prayed
for.
Witness the Hon. James Simon. Judge
of said Court. st. Martinville, La. this
26th.. day Of Oct. A. ID. 1916.
Date Of order Oct. 70, 1916.
IGNACE BlENvENC.
by. Clerk Of Court. st. Martin Parish La.
The weekly messenger. [volume] (St. Martinsville [i.e. St. Martinville] La.) 1886-1948, 1916-10-28
Price For Sugar Cane Good.

The report is that the cane is
yielding well and the price higher
than it has been since the civil
war. The first payment made by
the Billeaud refinery, the first to
was SIP per ton for
the first week.
The weekly messenger. [volume] (St. Martinsville [i.e. St. Martinville] La.) 1886-1948, 1916-10-28

The Musical Comedy Co., play
ed the week here at the Opera
House, the show was well patro-
nized and the public well pleased.
The weekly messenger. [volume] (St. Martinsville [i.e. St. Martinville] La.) 1886-1948, 1916-10-28

The Progressives will have a
meeting at the Bienvenu Theatre
here tomorrow.
The weekly messenger. [volume] (St. Martinsville [i.e. St. Martinville] La.) 1886-1948, 1916-10-28
FOR SALE.

FOR SALE.
Lot and Stable on Hamilton street
for sale $500 cash or 5000 on l 2 3
years term with interest, address
HENRY CHAMPAGNE,
Abbeville, Louisiana.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-03-31
CHIEF A WITNESS
IN THIRD DECREE
HEARING MONDAY

Chief " rolif, W " Nichols will b.
sscd by tho state as q witness ng,inft
Charley hskef. tttnt Upk.f aud \ \
Gordon. plain clothes m,mnrrs ~ ,hr
police department nov uni,, Fusprnsinn
Tor alleged use NJ the third degree.
end who will he brought 10 ttIai IN the
county court Monday on charge ~ M
heaiinr l'ofrn Wilson. N, prisoner
a. W. city ian The police chiefs name
vss added tu the nsi ~ the p,oserutinn's
Witnesses Friday d, order of Count, AT.
Sofnet John fmhp
The "thfd drstrr" Trial viii h. .,.,t.,
Mondsy Ms scheduled n va. derls,.i
Hiiay. srcnfdinr io plsn. ~ ATTORNEY,
for the defense and state Roth are read,
J, 'fAi
Several other policemen aud police ~.
f1cial. afo tn h. used as vitnrss-.
against the accused nifirrrf their names
haVinH been indutsrd un the information
fcllowinI the THIRD degree hrsting con.
Auctei bY " y Matthews state rnm
missionpt " charities and corrections
rhp fnllowins is complete Ust vt the
viinsssss for The state,
" = Whnlsn " NJ triW gin,ion.
Captain Douglass nunhsn. Detective Jim
Carter. Huah l., Master and v rprir
eli ~ The rclirc department. tIiflr, iess
isr. Chael,s Peters tltn nuflrsnr. nt 4.
Z Davenport. H. Ichn q Pine. pf Uen
Hntsr ~ = y rsilrf J y yuwdei
NJ Lillian Wallace Mfs stella Rakst
hfs kitlIo Wilson ana Mfs tahgsiins.
The entire Third degree Investigation
which tunk q sensational turn after heins
get,rn well under way resulted directly
tom ~ lcs pieivred IN M, Lorcn wa.
IN cOs
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-03-31
FRENCH NOT ABLE.
TO HOLD VILLAGE
AGAINST GERMANS

LONDON. Nlnr,h 7l-Gomrn pressure
near vcnun hns proved too much for the
French aud they have been forced out Of
Malau ourt village.
The German guns have been violently
nomnardins the Village Tor many hours
after tNo recent sucoo'- of the crown
rrurcS troops In reaching tn" outskirts
Friday uigu, tc infantry was again
brought into pay and charging IN masses
simultaneously from three sides flfio1ty
engaged tHr trcurr battalion holding IN"
yIltg,
Nf,r nn an night struggle the rrcnrh
.uatcI tho village which had been
uii in ruins ht the homhnrdment aud
No. storm ~ battle raging In ~ streets
after the infantry entered u General
T,'lus troops stlll hold the outsk ir's the
.rrUunn Paris bulletin aSScrtS
Tie charge at Malancourt was only
on' Of thr'" operations against the NCr.
duu stronghold which the Germans have
put into motion within the space NJ day
Nurtnesst ~ the fortress they twice A..
tackled ut paumont with liIuid firc bu'
according tp the French war office vcr,
hotr times beaten IN
Thursday night they developed r.
ucvri activity on the edge oi the Woevt,
plain. beginning drive against IN,
French riEht flank and attempting 10 tak,
the fuf'lfiuatinn cast of Haudlunout
about min. miles eaSt n Nerdun The
N,f, Ir.u,rcnfu iu their efforts to ad
tHr,'. Parts announces
In H notable poroplnne bs'tl" neat
Arrns between Germans and Hutish aVi.
| 1t1rs three Rtlil,h h.. planes Vcro brought
/ down lr This nght the veteran German
| aviator Lieutenant lmmclmbun hrough
/ down his thirteenth hnstil, marhlnc
/ Attacks h the Russians In the eastern
var Iuu. have ,rasrd but the German
lines along the fronts ln recent en-
g'gem"n,s are h'.ng subjected io viulon
huWhnfdWrut
I'irugrsd has reported general thnv
hHs r"t in along the 'rtir, front vhipi
luuhi.'-a s impeding operations
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-03-31
BUILDING RECORD
MADE FOR MARCH

with the issuing VI permits iu,a1lnr
more than $1,000 rtlia, mcrnlnr bulld
inr establishes q nsN record since ioin
The total permits issued tot March up
To mon amounted 10 i2iio2i. and lt vas
expected that ", lens, $4,000 mote would
Ne isssd hctor" night
ror tho mpnih ot Mstrh. last ,rat tho
total amount ~ buldlng permits issued
amounted To nnN i,eiil According ~
nuildiNE inspector lin Anderson. the
percentage ~ increase In uklahuma 90,
both tnt last month and the correspond
ing month a wear ago, will probably not
b. epualled IN any other cit, n IN,
tinted Statss
uklnhnms CITY has broken more huiid
Ing records during the past year In prt
cen,sg, oi increase than an, other rit,
listed In the national huiidins teenrds
The phenomenal honm IN residence burd
Ing has already surpassed that NJ the
rsrotd building I-fiod NJ 1903 and tain
the homes nov heins huin costing nnt.
,han twicc 80 much on the averAse. a,
the houses which were built then