davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1916-07-02

other sections of the country. The mine
owners at Cananea. however, did not
lay their troubles to this source SO
much as to the Industrial workers OF
the World. who undertook to operate
from Arizona and California.
After Carranza acquired nominal con-
troll In Mexico City there was strike
on the public utility enterprises, ana
the Carranza administration. which had
taken over the operation OF the com
panies came to agreement with the
strikers. This agreement was said TO
be based on the fundamental prin-
ciples OF the revolution. 1t assumed
the ultimate operation of all utilities
by the state
The Mexican labor unions have been
for the most part products of the politi-
cal anarchy rather than distinctively trade
union organizations.
There is one factor IN the future OF
Mexico which offers some hope. 1t is
an industrial factor. and Is found in
the cotton mills.
The cotton factories were a part of
the economic program of Diaz and
Limantour. They were based on a far
reaching policy of developing national
Industries. and protective duties were
given them for this purpose.
The striking feature of the Mexican
cotton mills was that they were largely
financed by Mexican capital. While
foreign Investments in railroads and
mines were encouraged during the
Diaz regime, there was no effort to oh
tain capital from abroad for the cotton
mills. The investment might not have
appealed to foreign investors anyhow,
The cotton mills were developing what
has been one Of the great deficiencies of
Mexico. and that is a middle class.
Their organization was largely native,
and the profits from them remained in
the country, so that the communities
in which they were located began to
show a well-to-do laborinR population
with ambition for further industrial!
development.
Diaz and Limantour never got credit
for this step in making a Mexico that
was for the MeXicans. When the United
States faces the appalling economic
problems of Mexico recognition may be
accorded the dictator and his great
minister of finance.
Evening star., 1916-07-02

Colross is one of the most beautiful
of the old colonial homes in Virginia,
its purely classic architectural fea-
lures a reflection of the period of the
Georges, when British designers kept
largely TO the purest Grecian lines. Its
doorway is a perfect example of its
period.
The pillared hallway Of the house, the
wide mahogany finished staircase. the
drawing rooms, with their chasIa cary
inss and their furnishings Of the period.
and the stately dining room. with its
old mahogany sideboard arrayed with
an antique set of blue India china
made doubIy valuable by reason of the
family tradition that Lafayette dined
from IL: the old vine-hung offices" of
the past. and the pi1lared brick laid
yeranda at the rear OF the house. all
speak of colonial days. when Alexan-
dria. the market town and voting place
of Washington, was the center of rich
hospitality. as well as being very
hotbed OF revolutionary principles and
practice.
Among the interesting treasures con-
tanned in this charming colonial home
is a Copley portrait of Fielding Lewis
the house. Its companion. that of his
wife. Betty Washington" was recent
ly purchased for $1,000 by the Mount
Vernon Association and placed among
ually converting Mount Vernon into a
treasure house that is a worthy me-
mortal to its august master.
Other possessions of historic value
owned by this family and seen at the
home of Mrs. Smoot's son. Lewis Eyer
ton Smoot of Washington are a let
ter from Gen. Washington. 10 his
ssr~. -
Evening star., 1916-07-02

les. and not peon's hand was raised
to save a. remnant of his property.
His hundred thousand sheep were
wantonly slaughtered, and 1t was said
that not a flock of 100 was left.
The Arrieta brothers, who still con-
tinue the bandit lords of Durango, gave
him no help, although they pretended
to administer the haciendas in the
name of the state. Calixto Contreras
and Orestes Peyrera, minor military
chiefs, grew fat off Don Migueis prop
critics and enrolled many of his farmer
poems in their ranks.
The last I heard of Don Miguel he
was in Mexico City vainly seeking, If
not restitution, at least protection
from whatever government happened
to be in control there. 1t may have
Evening star., 1916-07-02

servedly sharing in the glory of his re-
nown.
Then there was Lady Washington's
brilliant friend, Mercy Warren, who
warmly espoused the cause of her
country, and whose letters of cheer to
her husband on the field sustained him,
while her dissertations upon politics
of the time made her opinions sought
by the greatest men. Thomas Jeffer-
son, John and Samuel Adams and
other of the great spirits of that day
were among her correspondents. Her
home was the rendezvous of much COM
pany, and she herself said: BY the
Plymouth fireside were many political
plans discussed and digested
elisabeth Schuyler entered warmly
into her husbands plans and sympa-
thies when she became the wife of
Alexander Hamilton; and Susan Living
ston, the eldest daughter Of William
Evening star., 1916-07-02

AARS. WILLIAM A. .SMOOT, a Daughter
1'1 of the American Revolution, Gives
Sketch of What Women Have Done for
American Observation-Disclosures Me-
mentos of Colonial Days in Her Posses
sion-Little Known Heroines of the Revo-
luton.
Evening star., 1916-07-02
GEN. MERCADO,
A former Huerta commander.

been Carranza's. He was described to
me by friends in Durango broken
old man, viewing a lifes work in the
effort to improve the condition of his
own people as failure, and utterly
hopeless of Mexico for the Mexicans
as a means of betterment to the mil
lions Of submerged.
This does not mean that the Mexican
revolution in its beginning was not
fundamentally an agrarian one. and
that the land question is not still the
basic one. 1t merely shows both sides
of the shield. And on both sides there
does not seem much that is either gold
or silver so far as any immediate i'm
provement in the condition of the peo-
pie is concerned.
The American consuls view that
Mexico for the Mexicans is the solu-
tion of the problem, although that So
luton must be postponed for a century.
may be accepted, and the United States
Evening star., 1916-07-02
The True View.

sHsHE late James J. Hill was man of
buoyant optimism.
Failures" he once said in an. address
to railway men, "are always pessimists.
Successes. on the other hand, are opti-
mists. Which is right?'
He paused, then added:
It's easier to slip down. hill than to
climb up. but the view. remember. is at
the top"
Evening star., 1916-07-02

Durango Had This Form With Native Guidance
- Cleaned Out Consul
Should Country the Nlecans Run
What the Centuries May Bing-Appaling Economic Problems
Evening star., 1916-07-02

the Washington administration help
against Huerta, and was not in any
way based on friendship to the Ameri
can people.
He was sure that when Villa or any
other chief who was the product of the
revolutionary conditions became In
trenched the anti-foreign feeling would
come to the surface violently, and
Mexico would be no place for foreign
ers, particularly for Americans.
Under Diaz. when the local officials
and the local tribunals failed to pro-
tect the foreigners. the appeal was
made to Mexico City direct. and usual
ly Don Porfirios iron hand was stretch
ed out for their protection. This was
one cause of the revolt against Daz,
in the consuPs opinion.
&H
Under a genuine Mexican government
of Mexico for the Mexicans. the consul
foresaw that the local officials would
be strongly against foreigners. There
would be no appeal higher up, because
the man higher up would owe his
power to his Willingness to let the To-
cal communities have things their own
way.
The consul also thought that foreign
ers should seize the first good oppor-
tunity, where they were landholders, to
sell their lands and get out of Mexico
for good. His unofficial suggestions to
Americans that they take this course
made him unpopular. but he doggedly
held to his advice. He based 1t on what
he said was the certainty that the
Mexicans wanted the land and were
bound to have 1t.
The consul, in his philosephic mood.
took no account of twentieth century
civilization. He held that if Mexico be-
longed to the Mexicans, and no one con-
troverted this general proposition, it was
their own affair whether civilization went
back a century or two before getting a
forward start again, which would save
the country to its people. On the main
point, that the revolution was basicaiiy
an anti-foreign one, and that foreign in
fluence would have to go. the consul
never yielded an inch. Observers now
have a chance to determine how far his
conclusions were correct.
The experiment of Mexico for the Mexi-
cans under native guidance had some
thing of a try-out j. Durango. A few
years ago Don Nigu Garcia was one of
the great land owners of that state. He
was not of the patrician class. None of
his big haciendas came through Spanish
Evening star., 1916-07-02

grants or favortism of the Diaz govern
ment
Don Miguel sprang from the peon class.
Unborn capacity enabled him to make
breach in the feudal system and even
dispossess, by purchase, some of the
feudal lords When the revolutionary
troubles began he was probably the larg-
est land owner in Durango.
Don Miguel did not lose sympathy for
the class from which he sprung. His
peon laborers were well provided for and
were helped to acquire small holdings OF
their own. He even sought to establish
agricultural training schools, and to put
into practice some welfare notions which
were in advance of the movement in the
United States for the improvement Of
farm life.
No peon on any of Don Miguers prop
critics was denied opportunity. There
really seemed to be some feeling of affec-
ton for him.
The revolution came. Durango was
sacked by the different bandit bands
who called themselves soldiers of con-
stitutional liberty. Foreigners who
owned ranches in Durango and who
themselves had tried to do something
for the poems. though they got no
credit for it, took their own losses with
rather bad grace and rallied pretty
strongly against their government.
They could understand why some of the
Mexican feudal lords should suffer at
the hands of the peon serfs, but they
thought that a native like Don Miguel,
who was not feudal baron and who
had done so much for his own people,
might receive some measure of pro-
lection from them. These Americans
were wrong.
La Purisima, Don Miguers finest
ranch, was ravaged by the bandit arm
Evening star., 1916-07-02

where it touches the American life of
the past, with which she Is SO firmly
linked.
"Since the landing of women in this
country. the Pilgrims in the north and
those who came to the south, the
women of this nation have stood side
by side with the men in the marvellous
DEVELOPMENT of the resources Of the
new world and the advancement Of
modern civilization" she said.
$50 many individual cases stand out
that IL Is impossible to mention the
names Of all the women who did heroic
and noble deeds in tho CAUSE Of Ameri-
Evening star., 1916-07-02
is something pleasir

--HERE is something pledSlnRly
appropriate in the fact of Mrs.
William A. Smoot's being a
q prominent member of the So
ciety of the Daughters of the American
Revolution, for she is in truth direct
descendant of prominent revolutionary
ancestors, who were in the fore and
front of things during the stirring days
of their period. and few women are
better qualified TO speak of the women
who wrought for American independ-
ence.
Mrs. smoot was ESPECIALLY prominent
In the last congress of the d. A. r,
which met in Washington last April.
when as national organizing secretary
general of that organization she was
noted for her marked ability and ef-
ficiency and the unfailing courtesy
which made hundreds of women who
were strangers to Washington feel that
their lines, other than ancestral had
fallen in pleasant places
Betty Carter Mcclure Smoot is a di-
rect descendant of Betty Washington,
the only sister of George Washington.
who married Fielding Lewis, and be-
came the mother of that favorite
nephew and sometime secretary to
Washington. Mai. Lawrence Lewis,
who later married Nellie Custis. An
other son of Washington's sister was
Robert Lewis. and he is the direct an
cestor of Mrs. Smoot. his daughter,
Judith. having married Rev. Edward
Mcclure, who was her grandfather.
Her father was Rev. William Mcclure.
who married Mariette Alexander.
II does not always SO happily follow,
as in the case of Mrs. Smoot. that so
true a daughter of the American revo-
luton should have the good fortune to
call a very charming colonial house her
home. But this is this lady's good for
tune, and colross, in old revolution
airy Alexandria, Va. was the early pos
session OF one of the Scottish Alexan-
ders who gave their name TO the town
when they were among its earliest
settlers.
Evening star., 1916-07-02
BY CHARLES M. PEPPER.

OMEWHERE in Mexico there used
~ to be an American consul---most
~ likely he is in the United States
W now-who saw no hope for Mexico
short of a couple of centuries Of Mexico
for the Mexicans-
Elsewhere in Mexico-in the rich state
Of Durango-there was a native Mexican
who came to look on Mexico for the Mexi-
cans as an utterly hopeless proposition.
The consul was considered somewhat
fossilized and was not popular with his
own countrymen though this was not be-
cause of his failure to perform his official
duties properly. Long residence across
the border had made him cynical. though
he mistook his cynicism for philosophy
He had become a pessimist.
The native Mexican originally had been
an optimist. He had thought that in
single lifetime the peon population of
Mexico might be regenerated. But events
had made him. too. a'pessimist. although
he reached an entirely opposite conclu-
sion from the American consul as to what
WdS necessary lUe VI 1SouH-
try.
1t is more than two years since the
consul. sitting in his office, analyzed the
Mexican social, economic and political
prospects as he saw them. He insisted
that the real basis of the Madero revolu-
ton. and of the carnivals of loot and lust
which followed underst sthe name of revolu
tionary warfare, were based on implaca-
BILE opposition to the gringoes. By
gringoes he meant the term in its broad
est sense of all aliens and not simply
the Americans, to whom it is SO often
applied.
At that time-it was after Villas cap
ture of Torreon-the bandit leaders
star was rising rapidly. The consul
thought Villa actually might become
the dictator of Mexico.
The bandit chiefs attitude was then
very friendly toward Americans, yet
the consul, who knew him well. de-
clared that the anti-foreign feeling was
certain to grow whenever Villa got
complete control. The friendly atti-
tude then shown to the United States
government, he declared. was one of
expediency and of appreciation of
Evening star., 1916-07-02

have disbanded his peon army and put
his soldiers on lands of their own. So
pleased were they with this realization
of their hopes that they did not care to
go into the fighting again. but one or
another of the factions forced them to
take arms.
The last report about Gen. Blanco
was that he had been executed by Car
ranzas order for disloyalty. And the
poems of Tamaulipas find that the
Promise of farm for every farmer is
again deferred
The military situation should not OBJ
scure the fact that the Mexican prob
lem is honeyCombed with social prob
lens. Clashes of arms cannot obliter-
ate them. They become bigger and
more formidable the near the United
States comes to military pacification.
There is woman question in Mex
leo which surpasses any suffrage prob
lem in the United States. 1t has little
direct relation with the conditions of
Mexican warfare under which the wom-
an camp followers formed the commits
sary department of the Mexican armies
1t also has little to do with the woman
fighters who, in Villas army. used
to get commissions as captains and
colonels.
The immediate problem is to secure
the good will instead of the hatred of
these peon women. When the refugees
were driven across the border, after
Villas victory at Ojinaga. the kindly
treatment given the women and chill
dren was the wonder of an ignorant
people. 1t is not likely that this has
been forgotten.
The labor question, aside from it's
military aspect, also is acute. In ad-
dition to being anti-foreign there has
been much more of an industrial ele-
ment in the anarchic revolution of the
last five years than is commonly under
stood. The vague plans for national
izing the land were part of an even
vaguer notion of state socialism
Villa, when, he got control of Chihua-
hua. undertook to put some of these
ideas into effect. He made the brewery
a state institution. and for while
even undertook to run the department
stores, from which the Spanish owners
had been driven out, in the name of
the state.
In Sonora the program of state social
ism has been more definite than in
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-13
new YORK CITY BILLS
SIGNED BY WHITMAN
Care of Buildings and Bridges
Under One Upad-Sllcriff'S
Fees Cut OFF.

ALBANY. May Ic-The Bow bill
changing the New York city Depart
ment Of Bridges to one Of Plant and
Structures was signed ny Gov. Whitman
to-day. Bridge Commissioner i. j. H.
kracke Will have charge OF the new de-
partment
The Board Of Estimate aud Appor-
tionment is authorized to transfer 20
the new department the powers and
duties Of the departments of Police.
Street Cleaning. Parks. Charities. Cor
rection. Fire, Health and Bellevue Hos
pitfalls. relative 10 the construction, main
tcnance and repair OF buildings and
structures.
Another New York city bill signed by
the Governor aboliShes fees of the Sheriff
OF New York county, which amount
to $50. o00 a year. and gives the Sheriff
only the salary Of $4,000. The law
takes effect on January !. 1918. at tn"
expiration of the tenn Of the prcscn.
Sheriff.
The Governor also signed Assembly
maj Marsh's bill eliminating New y" (
city Aldermen from the list of c~ity~-,f-
icials who may perform the marriage
ceremony aud providing that in New
York city in place Of the Aldermen tn.
ceremony may h. performed by tho CIV
clerk, or one of has deputies. who may
charge of fee OF 81. which must lie
turned over monthly TO the city treas
urer.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-13
ORANGE CLEANED BY POLITICS.
Two sets ~ >wccpcrs Come with
P~ustmnstc Nomination.

OnAHGE y. j.. May i2-This city
was Interested and perhaps a little
amused 70 hca; to-day that President
Wilson had nominated as its postmaster
James H.. Moriarlty. chairman OF the
Essex county Democratic COMMITTEES.
Cntil last Tuesday MUriarlty held the
contract FOR oranges refuse removal.
For two years M"iiaritN held the con-
tract. but much fault was found with
the work and the Board " commission
ers twice fined him 50" Finally Oh
Tucsday the board r-scindrd has con-
tract on the ground that he had not
lived up to II.
The resembling Of tn. contract has
caused a whimsical situation. but one
from which the city has proittrd. The
Board Of Commissioners r"l"t the con-
tract to Frank \. Maloney and Maloney's
men BEGAN cleaning up the city to-day.
To-day also Moiidr.ty ASSIGNED IA" con-
tract, which h. C~ontcnded still was his.
to James Il. Nu--nt OF political fame
and Nugent's men also started out with
biooms and ash carts. The result IL ;ne
clein-st orange Ia years.
Aside from these lighter aspects OF the
case local politicians see In Moriarity's
nomination the throwing Of a sop by
President Wilson To the Nugent forces,
which held out against the Presidents
nomination in the Baltimore convention
In 1872. They point out that the Demo
cratic national convention comes next
month and also that the local Democ.
raCy hopes to unite TO elect q Democrat,
Governor of New Jersey. said Governor
being said TO he Naval Officer H. Otto
Whittpcnn.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-13
SEEKING TO HEAD OFF LYNCH.
Ten National committeeman Oppose
Him A. McCOmbs's Successor.

Word came from Washington yestcr-
uay that there IL under way IA move
ment to head or the election of Fred Il.
Lynch OF Minnesota as successor TO Will
lam +. McCombs. chairman Of the Demo
cratic National Committee, who has
announced his intention to retire after
the st. Louis convention. 1t was re-
ported here that at least ten members
Of the national committee from Western
States have called on President Wilson
recently and told him they do not want
Lynch as chairman and that his selec-
ton IL likely to lead to friction during
the campaign.
Mr.. Lynch IL now chairman Of the
executive committee of the na'ional COM
mittee. He has had the backing Of
Secretary Of the Treasury McAdoo, and II
has been generally understood that the
President favored him. Just what the
opposition to him IL based on is not full;
disclosed, but II Is believed to reflect in
part at least the opposition to Secretary
McAloo on the part OF Tho Democratic
organisation here.
Homer &. Cummings. ~vice-chairnan Of
the national committee. has becu sug-
gested for promotion. II is said that
at the time he was chosen vicc-cliair-
man there was an agreement on IA"
part of the committeeman that he shoull
succeed Mr.. McCombs II the latter re
tired. The friends OF MIR. Cummings,
who was one of the hardest working
Wilson men in 1912, say the argument
that this agreement cannot bind TIE
new committee to be chosen next month
will not hold. because there are likely to
be fewer than half a dozen changes
altogether.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-13
OFFICERS HERE FROM CANAL.
Army nspOrt kiIpntrick AisO
Brings Fifteen P~risOnrrs.

The tinted States army TRANSPORT kr-
patrick, which arrived last night from
CIistobal. brought nineteen officers and
their families from the Canal Zone,
Liue;S-siN enlisted men and fifteen pris-
oners. Among the officers were Col.
John =. Mallory OF the Twenty-ninth IN
fantry. tpl. :. W, Miller of the Tenth
Infantry and Major Henry &. Learnard
Adjutant-'iensral of tho troops in the
Canal Zone. al lring on furlouch.
Herbert Warren. a private supposed
t. be harrnlessly insane, who wa-
guarded 10y IA corporal. eiided the latter
while he WAS scasick and went out on
deck. TIE ship vas searched four times
Warren was not found. but a stowaway
Jonn O'Bricn. was and was put to work
He had hidden himself in the hold
among a pi,r II sugar bags
capt. oliver of the Fitzpatrick re-
ported In, the canal Was now admitting
vessels drawing from twenty-ei2ht tt
thirty feet. There were slides still, but
the dicdges were keeping up with them.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-13

nation for many years, together with
his great patriotism II his intense
Americanism and his great knowledge
In all lines OF human endeavOr make
him decidedly the most striking figure
In American life.
Yours very truly.
THOMAS A.. Edison.
Following is what the Colonel sent in
reply to Mr.. Edison:
OYSTER BAY, l.. l., May IL. 1916.
My DEAR Mn. EDISON | am so pro-
foundly touched by your letter on
corning me that I am going to ask the
Roosevelt N~on-partisan League &C. give
II to me. ! wish to hand It over to my
children.
There In literally no one whom I
would be 70 anxious to have say what
you have said OF me.
With hearty thanks, faithfully yours,
THEODORE ROOSEVELT,
While Mrs. Roosevelt IL in New York
norr marching with her daughter
and daughtcr-in-law In the preparedness
parade her husband will not be without
his share Of preparedness ~paeeantry at
Sycamore Hill. :. detachment of boy
Scouts from New York city. headed by
Frederick Trevor Hill. and another de-
tachment from Glen Cove. besides a
Bible class from the local Methodist
church. will march up to the Colonel's
hon, to pay a tribute to him and the
movement for national defence No
doubt the Colonel will review the march
ers from his eranda and make a speech
The storekeepers of the village had a
run on American flags to-day.