davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24
VILLA SUCCESS
TO CAUSE FLIGHT
OF FIRST CHIEF

WASHINGTON. Oct. 24.-The con-
tlnued victory Of Francisco Villas ar.
my over tho troops Of tho de facto
government Of Mexico was reported
to Washington today IN dispatches
which forecast the recapture by villa
at an carly date Of Chihuahua, chief
city Of northern Mexico.
Carranza, according to today's re-
| port is in serious straights. His troops
under General Trevino. worn out By
two days lighting around Chihuahua
with Villas forces victorious, have
shot away practically all Of their am.
munitiou.
Asks Relnforcements.
Worsted in the lighting and without
sufficient troops or supplies. General
Trevino has been obliged to appeal to
Juarez for reinforcements. It seems
probable now that Trevino will be cal.
led upon almost any day to make his
last stand to hold Chihuahua against
Villas attack. Meanwhile, informa-
ton accumulates OF the strained re-
Iations between General Trevino and
his chief in Mexico City.
Reports reaching here today declare
that with sufficient ammunition, Ire
vino could have beaten Villa and his
followers back. But General Carran-
"a, doubling the loyalty Of his Chihua-
hua commander. has resolutely re.
fused to send him the aid necessary
to save the city, it is declared.
First Chief May Flee.
Hard upon the report that the wives
Of General Carranza and Obregon, his
minister Of war, had come to thu
United States, came a dispatch today
saying that the First Chief himself and
Obregon were in Queretaro. These re-
ports are puzzling to state department.
officials, who up to the time Of the
arrival Of Senoras Carranza and OBJ
RECON on American soil. had denied
they intended to leave Mexico.
That Obregon and his chief intend
staying considerable period in Quere-
taro is indicated by the fact that sixty
carloads Of munitions as well as other
supplies have been sent to the latest
refuge of the first chief and his war
minister. The return to Mexico City.
as commander of the forces there OF
General Pablo Gonzales, adds an ele.
ment of complication to affairs In
southern Mexico. Gonzales has long
been at odds with both Carranza and
Obregon.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24
BLANK PETITIONS
GIVEN BOY CITY

~ NISS NnARN 0nSNIE.E5

Blank petitions for nomination of
Boytown officials were distributed
early this week and today is the last
date on which they can be filed.
The petitions were distributed by
Superintendent Giles to the principals
of each of the city schools. They were
then turned over to the candidates
who circulated them and received
enough signatures to have their names
placed on the ballots for the Novem-
Der election. The number Of sigma
lures required has been specified by
each Of the principals. The number
varies according to enrolment.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24
AMERICAN DOLLAR
REPLACES ENGLISH
POUND STERLING

INDIANAPOLIS, Oct. "a. - The
American dollar Is ousting the English
pound sterling from its place as the
most stable unit Of international pay
ment. But the United States faces a
gigantic financial struggle after the
European war to maintain its present
position as the leading nation in the
world of finance, said A. C.. Miller,
member of the Federal reserve Board,
In addressing the Indiana Bankers
Association here today.
Mr.. Miller discussed the financial
problems that will face the American
bankers following the war, particu-
larly the management of our gold
supply to meet the foreign drain. He
emphasized the parts the Federal re-
serve system will be called upon to
play.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24
GOODMAN MANAGES
EM-R0E QUINTET

Under the leadership of Dan Good
man, an old |. U. basketball man, the
Em-Roes of Indianapolis. state title
holders for several years, have again
organized and are about ready to take
to the hardwood for the fall and win
ter campaign. The Em-Roes, the only
Indiana team to defeat the Richmond
Quakers last year, will lineup the same
as usual, with Behrent, Babb, Smith,
Kline and Schoenman back in toys
The Em-Roes will be booked for a
game with the Quakers later In the
season.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24
MORE STEADY TO4E
SHOWN BY MARKETS

CHICAGO. Oct. 14.-Wheat news was
more mixed today and an increased
disposition 10 take profits was in evi-
dence early. Reports Of the Argen-
tine were conflicting. Some said there
was little rain while others said the
draught continues. Az q result the
opening was unsettled with prices y
higher to 4 cents lower.
Corn was steady to = lower.
Oats were stronger to = higher.
Provisions were stronger and higher.
New high prices we're again made In
Chicago wheat today. December sold
between $173ss and $1.79A, May be-
tween 31.73A and $1.7Sh and July
from $1.41 to $1.44. The buying was
largely by investors during the last
hour Of the session and everything
available was picked up with the price
no consideration.
Resting spots for the day showed
wheat as ~ to 2h cents higher.
Corn was about 2 cents better. Oats
was higher.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24
CHARLES 7. ESSiC
GIVES HIMSELF UP

CHICAGO, Oct. 24.-Charles r. Els.
sig, indicted with Chief of Police
Charles c. Healey and the latter's Sec
rotary, William Luthardt, today SUI.
rendered to the states authorities.
They are charged with conspiracy.
Chief Healey is charged specifically
with permitting law-breaking by sal
oons, gamblers and disorderly houses
and with making false reports on sal
oons. The others are charged with
conspiring with him on the same
charges. Essig Is secretary of the
Sportsmen's Club Of America.
Mayor Thompson announced today
that he would not suspend Healey.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24
indianapolis

INDIANAPOLIS. Oct. 24.--Hogs-
Receipts. 10000; market, higher; best
hogs, $10.55: heavies. S10@55; pigs,
$7G9.40; bulk OF sales. $10Q25.
Cattle - Receipts, 1850; market,
steady; choice heavy sters, $3.50
1850; light steers, $6.25QS.75; heifers.
$4.504S00; cows, $5@650; bulls,
$4506650; calves. $4@10.
Sheep and Lambs-Receipts, 200:
market, strong; prime sheep, $6.75;
lambs. $6@975.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24
Pittsburg

PITTSBURGH, Oct. 24.-Cattle sup
ply, fair; market. slow; prime steers
sS.7599.00; tidy butchers, $7.75Q8.00:
fair. s6.75q700; common. $5@6; com.
mon to fat bulls. S4.50@i00: common
to fat COWS, $3.00G65O: heifers, $500
Q7.75; fresh cows and springers, SAC
QS5; veal calves. $10.50@11.00.
Sheep and Lamb supply. fair; prime
wethers. $725G50; spring lambs. 500
Q$1050.
Hogs-Receipts, $50 DID,; market
slow: prime heavy. $1040; mediums
$10.35; heavy workers.. $1025; light
workers., S9.75@S5: pigs, $9.25@50;
roughs, S9Q75; stays, $3.50; heavy
mixed, $10.40@45.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24
TREvINO READY
FOR EvACuATINC
CHIHUAHUA CITY

SAN ANTONIO, Oct. 24.-denernl
Trsyino, Carraaka leader In northern
Mexico Il preparing to svacuate Chi
huahua City, according to confidential
reports to military headquarters here
today. Villa, victorious In an all-day
battle with the Constitutionalist
troops yesterday, ID now on the out
skirts Of the city proper.
Trevlno is reported wcefully short
OF ammunition.
All foreigners IN the city have left
for places OF safety fearing to remain
II villa gets control Of the city. as 1t
seems he will.
A decisive tight between Villas vic
tor!ous bandits and the remnants Of
Trevino's forces !s imminent, says the
dispatch.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24
LIVE STOCK
Chicago

UNION STOCK YARDS, Ill.,, Oct
24.--Hogs: Receipts. $4,000; market
sc higher: mixed and butchers. 1910
Q1060; good heavics. $9.70@10.45;
rough heavies. $9.7O@9.s5; light. 1910
d10.40; pigs. $725@9.40; bulk OF
sales, $9.95M10.35.
Cattle: Receipts, $4,000: market
weak; beeves, $6.7O@1160: Texans,
$7.10ds.20; Cows and heifers, $1,000
$3.50; stockers and feeders, $4.750
$7,75; calves, s7.00911.60.
Sheep: Receipts. $4,000; market,
steady; natives and western, $1,000
$S25; lambs, SS25@105G
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24
COLOREO ORATOR
MAKES SPEECH

Gurley Brewer. editor of colored
newspaper published in Indianapolis,
and c. r. Richardson, colored attor.
ney Of this city. spoke to large crowd
of colored Republicans at the court
house last night. Both speakers de-
clared that there was only one ticket
the colored voters could rightfully sup
port--the Republican ticket.
Brewer asserted that the colored
people had been most unjustly discrim-
mated against by the Democrats and
that under the Wilson administration
the big majority Of colored office hold
ers had been turned out Of their po-
sitions.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24
Coal Quotations

Corrected by Hack,,a- g. KIehfoth)
Anthracite nut. $1,000: anthracite
stove or egg, 1915; Pocohontas lump
or egg. (shoveled) $500: Pocohontas
nut. $500: Pocohontas mine run,
1925; Pocohontas slack. s5.75: Jack.
son lump. 5000; Tennessee lump,
Sc: Kentucky lump. $5.75: West Vir.
ginia lump. $3.50; Winifred washed
pea. $5.25; Hooking Valley lump, $5.25
Indiana lump. s4.75: Coke all sizes,
$3.50; nut and slack, $500.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24
RICH MANS SON
FACES LYNCHINC

AMBOY. ILL.,, Oct. 24.-Publtc senti-
ment today still is strong against
Charles Allen, son of wealthy Peoria
contractor, bound over to the grand
jury on a charge Of attacking Mrs.
George Hewitt, sixty-six, after he had
narrowly escaped lynching upon his
arrival here In custody. Angry citi-
zens followed Allen from the railroad
station and were kept from attacking
him only by promise of the officers
that he would not be released even
if Mrs. Hewitt was not able to appear
against him.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24
OFFER HOSPITAL SITE

1t has been learned that the gift
which has been offered county COM
missioners to help in establishment of
a tuberculosis hospital, is tract of
ground on which the institution could
be located
The commissioners refuse to make
public the name of the person who is
contemplating making the donation or
the location of the ground.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24
EJEcTMENT DEMAND
TAKEN FROM DOCKET

Two suits were dismissed from the
circuit court today.
Edwin G. Kemper dismissed his
suit against John A. Banfill and Nora
Banflu for ejectment and 5000 dam
ages. Robert D. johnson, ct al doing
business under the name Of johnson
and company. dismissed suit against
Forest w. Banner doing business un-
der the name Of the Variety store
ard the Emarald Mills company for
the collection of an account of $50.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24
NINE PLACES VACANT
ON COUNTY BALLOT

Nine vacancies will be found on
the Wayne county election ballot this
year.
On the Progressive ticket. there are
no candidates for joint representative,
recorder, sheriff. and commissioner
for middle district. On the Prohibition
ticket there are no candidates for
joint representative, commissioner
for the middle district and commits
sioner for the western district. The
Socialists have no candidates for coro-
ner and surveyor.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24
Feed Quotations

(Corrected Daily by Omer WEeIan)
Paying-Oats, 45c: old corn, soc;
new corn, CSC; rye, $1.10; clover seed.
$7.50NS.50 a bushel; straw, Sc ton.
Sellirg-Cotton seed meal, $4,000 q
ton, $2.10 cwt.; middlings. $1,000 a
ton. $40 cwt.; bran, $4,000 a ton,
$3.50 cwt.; salt, $1.60 Dbl. Quaker
dairy seed, $2S a ton, 81 so per cwt.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24
Cincinnati

CINCINNATI. Oct. 24-Hogs-Re-
ccipts, 4,100: market, steady; packers
and butchers, $10@40; common to
choice. s7.50@9.65: stays, $650@S.75.
Cattle--Receipts, 600; market slow;
calves. $5@11.50.
Sheep - Receipts, 800: market,
steady; lambs. $500 1880.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24
&11ocal and freiq1,
W. Markets

DO seconds. 3s1Sc; dairy fancy. 1shc.
Dsgs: Prime hrsts, $40, Arsts, ss1s.
ordinary. SIC.
Poultry: Broilsrs under ~ lbs,
SIC; flyers over ~ Tbs. lee; roost.
err, 12hc.
Potatoes: Eastern CobblerS, 44.760
500 bbl.; home grown, (4.760S0o.
Lemons: California. 6.5006.00;
Messina. 3.500l.50; lines 2.75W3.oe
box.
Peaches: Ohio solways, $1.6001.75;
Alb, 7501.30.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24
BURNS LITTLE GIRL

NEW YORK, Oct PAT just want.
ed to see big fire." WIS the explana.
ton offered today by eight year old
BENJAMIN Hojarathi for pouring kero
sine on five-year old Veronica Brandes
and pushing her into bonfire causing
the child's death.
The boy is under arrest" at the
children's society home
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24
POSTPONE OPENING
OF PARLIAMENT

BERLIN, Oct. 24-The opening of
the Austrian parliament has been
postponed indefinitely because of the
assassination of Count Stuergkh, the
Austrian premier, the Berliner Tage-
blatt stated today. Belief grows
stronger here that Prince Conrad
Won e-Schillingsfurst, known
as the "red prince" will be the next
premier of Austria.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24
STEAL MANY JEWELS

NEW YORK, Oct. 24-Between
$4,000 and 100000 in jewelry was
the booty carried away by burglars
who today broke into the summer
home Of Frank Gray Griswold, prom
inent sportsman at Roslyn, l.. l. The
thief escaped after Mrs. Griswold's
daughter, Miss Mary Case Garfield,
awakened and gave the alarm.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24
ChicagOCash

CHICAGO, Oct. 24.-Wheat: No. 2
red. $1.73A OILS; No. 2 hard winter.
$1.TG1.77%.
Corn: No 2 white. $1.021.; No. 2
yellow, $1.O1H 01.03.
Oats: No. 2 white, 63063hc; No. 8
white 51@52hc; NO. 4 white, 60k q
50Nc; Standard. 62@53Nc.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24
REEs REMAINS LOW

Little hope is entertained for the
recovery of Albert w. Rees, Spring
Grove, popular .employe of the
American Seeding Machine company.
who was operated on at the Reid
Memorial hospital, Saturday morning
for relief from an abscess.
Mr.. Rees has been growing gradu-
ally weaker since he had sinking
spell last night.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24
$1o7,153 Is COLLECTED

Payments for fall installments Of
taxes at the county treasurer's Office
amount to $107, 1892.
This was found today when the cash
book was totaled.
Saturday was the banner day for
collections, the amount being $7.663.7L
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24
Produce

Corrected Daily by Edward cooper)
Old chickens. dressed. paying zoo
Csc. selling soc; country butter, paying
30c, selling CSC; country butter. paying
Csc, selling 33c@35c, creamery
butter, selling 40c.; eggs, paying
SOC. selling 35c; country lard, paving
13c. selling 18c: new potatoes. selling
$500 bushel.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24
Cincinnati Grain

CINCINNATI. Oct. 24.--Wheat: No.
2 red winter, $1.75Q177; No. 3, $40
Ola. Sales. cars. Corn: No. 2
white. $1.03G1.3A; No. yellow,
$1O2R@1.O3. Oats: No. 3 mixed, SO
on.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24
New York Exchange Closing
Quotations

American Can, 62%.
Anaconda, 95.
American Locomotive, S21s.
American Beet Sugar. 1917.
American 6melter, rs.
U. s. Steel, CON-, JIG.
U. s. Steel. pfd.. 121K.
Atchison, 10TH.
st. Paul, 81.
Great Northern. pfd., 119A.
Lehigh Valley, san.
N. Y. Central, 1851.
No. Pacific, 112%.
So Pacific, 101h.
Union Pacific, 1925.
Pennsylvania, So.
Bethlehem Steel, $40.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24

A noiseless bowling alley is the in.
vention Of a Partisan, the clash of
falling pins being silenced.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24
Cincinnati Produce

CINCINNATI, o., Oct. 24.-Butter:
Creamery whole milk extras. 38Hc,
centralized extra, 36c. do firsts. 32hc,
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24
D. A. R. DELEGATES
Tcontinued From Page one.l

eral, who will remain in Richmond un-
til $50 o'clock tomorrow night. Mrs.
Story and an intimate friend, Miss
Florence G. Finch, who, with Mrs.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24
GRAIN
Chicago Futures
Toledo Grain

TOLEDO, Oct. 24.-Wheat: Cash,
$181; May. $1.S6h.
Cloverseed: Cash, $10.S5; Dec,
$10s2.
Alsike: Cash. $10.S5: Dec, 5000.
Timothy: Cash, $3.50; March,
$272h.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24

WASHINGTON today
Draper Prince Andrea Rome the
national marriage that has taken in country
a
8
fam
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24
Wagon Market

WdyUU MdTKCC
Timothy hay-$13.00.
Mixed-$12.00.
Glover hay-$10.0C.
Alfalfa-$15.00.
Straw-$7.00.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24
PRODUCE
New York

New York
NEW YORK. Oct 24.--Live poultry,
firm; chickens, unsettled; fowls. nor
NAL; butter. steady; creamery firsts,
33A @351ac; eggs. strong, 33@35c.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1916-10-24
Chicago

CHICAGO. Oct. 24.-Butter: Re.
ceipts, 10000 tubs; firsts, 321s @33c.
Eggs: Receipts 6,792 cases; firsts,
30031c.
Live poultry: Chickens. 13Q16hc:
ROSTERS, 1214c.
Potatoes: Receipts, 75 cars; Wis
consins, $1.30@1.40.
New Britain herald., 1916-06-03

cording to MT. Koh1saat, Amos F. Enc held this against his nephew. Professor Henry Lane Emo, because of building done against the million aires advice.
 Mr. Kohlsaat identified the sigma ture of MT. Enc on several wills made on dates in 1895. 1900 and 1902. in which Colum bia University was not mentioned and which left. practically all of his estate to members of the decedent's family. One of the wills left $50,00O to the late Miss Rena Davis, daughter of Jefferson Davis.
 Numerous letters were introduced by counsel for the contestants, writ ten by MT. Enc to his office mana ger, MT. Barnum. The last one was writ ten in the month he died. and almost all referred to business matters and one of the executors of his last will, who is charged with using undue in fuence on the testator in procuring the instrument which the heirs are trying to break. One letter told of inclosing check. This check was produced and showed that MT. Emo had signed it twice.
 Emo JoviaI, Jolly Man.
 MT. Kohlsaat. when asked to de- scribe Mr. Enc before he went to Flu rope in January, 1914, said: ''He was jovial, jolly man vel met lively, sporty and entertaining. He was physically very strong and an eNqui- site dresser. He was a good story teller and a favorite wherever he went.
 Was he college man?'
 He was anything but.'
 What was his attitude
 He thought college men were use less as business men, that 1t made them lazy and drunkards and that 1t was a worthless waste of time and money to send young men to col lege.' Another time MT. KOhlsaat heard him say, in answer to re- quest that he leave a bequest to Union college, mot a damn cent.'
 Eugene Boissevain, husband of Mrs. Inez Milholland BoisseVain. was also a witness yesterday. He told of 9 visit made to MT. Enc at his office. The man ordered him out, shouting: 1T don't know you, and I will not see you."
 Andrew A. Phippe, a real estate broker quoted MT. Emo as asking, when he broached him about the sale of a piece of property to a client or the witness, Has he got the price of a pair of trousers?'
 Mrs. Grace Allen Hawes, a cousin
New Britain herald., 1916-06-03
ENO A J0KESMITH
 ON ONE OCCASION
Very Seldom Allowed His Risi-
 bilitieS to Gain AsCendenCy

New York, June 3-Several wit the Surrogate's Court to support the contention that Amos F. Emo did not have testam entary capacity when he made his will in June, 1915, leaving the residue of his estate, amounting to possibly a little more than $4,- 100000, to Columbia University.
 Only one of these saw any humor in anything that MT. Emo had said or done. He was Charles w. Kohlsaat, an acquaintance of the testatOr for about fifty years and for six years before MT. Eno's death--in October, l9lo-assistant manager in his office.
 Telling of a talk he had with his friend in 1912. MT. Kohlsaato Vlun teered the information that there was "humorous'' incident. John B. Stanchfield. chief counsel for the contestants. TNo was examin ing the witness, let MT. Kohlsaat tell about it.
 "How would you like to be my re- siduary legatee?'" " the witness quoted MT. Emo as asking him.
 "What did you say?" asked MT. 1 Stanchfeld.
 'I accepted on the spot"
 And that is the nearest you ever came to being the residuary legatee?' ?' | said the examining lawyer. | MT. Eno,' said the witness. "told | me that l would never want for the | rest of my life. and that he would | take care of me in his Will.'
 ''Sore at Clifford Pinchot."
 In 1913. MT Kohlsaat said. his 1 friend and employer was Apparently sore at Clifford Pinchot because of l his adherence to MT. Roosevelt, whom ] he detested. and also Amos PinchOt | for his leaning toward socialistic 1 ideas"
 The Pinchots are nephews of MT. | Enc.
 At this point also MT. Kohisaat gave l some testimony that might explain | comparatively small bequeSt which | MT. Emo left another nephew. Pro- lessor Henry Lane Enc, of Princeton | University, who receives $5O,OOO un- | der the contested will. Professor Emo 1 is the son of the late Henry C. Emo | brother of Amos F. Enc.
 When Henry c. Emo died his es- ] tate was found to be insolVent' Ac-