davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-12-21

The report Of the death of Mr.
Ferd Miller which occurred at his
home six miles north west Of Scot
land, was a great shock to the PEG.
pie of this community. He had
been having q severe cold for sew
eral days. but his condition was
not conaidered serious until Sat.
nrday when larynpial ~diphtheria
developed and he took to his bed.
A doae of antitoxin was adminis
tered Sunday and two more on
Monday. Tuesday morning the
Doctor called and found his throat
cleared of membrane, but while
sitting up 10 bed talking with the
doctor be suddenly fell back and
expired. Death was caused by
heart failure due to diphtheretic
poisoning. MI. Muller came here
from near Miiledgeville, III, five
yeara ago aud moved onto the
GreenawAh 8 Knox farm one mile
northeast Of town. After living
there for one year be took charge
Of another large farm owned BY
She same parties northwest Of town
S5Ae. ESFf
where be engaged extensively Ia
the live stock business. At the
time Of his death he was feeding
one hundred head 81 cattle.
Mr.. Miller was So years, s mos.
and II days Old s the time Of his
death. Heleaves . wife and one
fttle boy, Forest, aged five years
IHeEalso leaves ! mother. four bro
|thsrs and three sisters, all living
ezH+ xNE
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-12-21

-ontfolled by Great Britain The
United States holds second rank with
80 per cent. In pig iron and steel the
United States easily holds first rank
with an average production Of about
40 per cent Of the total. Germany
follows with about t25 per cent: Great
Britain is third and France and. Ruszf
STA divide fourth place. The United
States stands pre-eminently in The. pro
ductioni of copper, lead inc zinc. or
late years we have produced about SIS
per cent Of the worlds output of cop
per. We produce about8one-third Of
the total lead and about SO. per eenti
OF the zinc in normal times.-MataL
lurgical and Chemical Engineering.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-12-21

premier rank among the WORLDS metal
producing countries has been accentu-
ated by the war. To both belliger-
ent and neutral nations the control Of
the output Of any metal has become
an important asset, either through sup
plying domestic needs or by increasing
revenue through sales to neighbours less
fortunately situated. The international
scramble for metals has directed at
tention most forcibly to the sources
Of the worlds metal supply and has
brought into prominence some Of those
that hitherto have been obscure or
relatively u~nimTsartant.
Among precious metals 60 ger Ger
of the worlds production of gold
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-12-21
AMsfry Christmas to all Of our
TELEPHONE NC. SO

AMsfry Christmas to all Of our
readersHs
Marshal DeSilva has been con-
fined tothe house this week with
: bSd !!. case Of grippe.
Mn. Albert Fergen, Of Parkston,
visited heyethe fret Of The week,
andEEher brother, JOS. Sternhagen,
accompanied her home Tuesday.
II il tshSss Intention of the editor
% rlise Tie subscription rate ct
The Cisize1sRepublioaD IRON 81 10
9 a4a.60 per- annum. This is no.
: mpney- making proposition at all
bnt is sasastep thst il absolutely
nec(ssargafSr the existence Of this
papSB-dus.@sostke enormous ad.
vance il Rtisagof printing material
Ihi4 raise takes effect January i.
A. aoaisgyl Il an Old SUBSCRIBERS
ends3he nsNsonss who may come,
- IA going 10 allow them 10 pay
M III bsok subscription and as
Ak adysncs il' y !, wish at Inc
satsIet S1soosper year, il they do
sehayAJ xeHysg i A number
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-12-21
HOW TREES BECOME FREAKS
Many Grotesque Shapes, It Is Now
Known, Are the Result Of
Heavy Shows.

To the person who is not versed in
forest lore the grotesquely bent tree
trunk that are to be found in almost
all woods are mystifying md wonder
Is often aroused as to the cause, says
Popular Science Monthly. Foresters
tell questioners that in the case Of trees
IN mountainous country and other sec.
tions of where the snowfall is
heavy, the weight of snow is RESPONSE
bic IN many instances for the queer
twists they assume. When a tree is
Young, the weight OF snow that falls on
It's branches often bends the trunk over
until it is hattened to the ground.
sometimes it is buried under six or
eight feet of snow and held in that
position so long that when warm
weather comes the tree fails to spring
back into its normal position. The
summer sun causes the tip Of the
soung tree to turn upward and If ii
manages to withstand the weight Of
the snow Of the next winter, that por-
of the tree will, rule.
continue to grow in q normal way.
sHairpin" bends and other odd shapes
result.
AZ curious tree stands on the top OF
Tunnel hill, Johnstown, Pa, about four
miles from town. It is a sugar maple
about one hundred years old, which
has prolonged its own life by grating
q branch into q much younger tree.
ss
rf1 Ep5fff:lfsES THE. METAL 90
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-12-21
gHo PRODUCES THE METALs7

Some Figures That Are Interesting III
Vie. Of the rfssent Great Wcrld
con ration.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-12-21

Iha lalonal Qdsuaiage Of holdiug
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-07-29
CHINESE MAY
KNOW A CURE
Think InfantiIe Paralysis Might Be
Disease Once Prevalent In
Orient

NEW YORK, July 29.-Medical ex-
perts studying the infantile paralysis
situation turned back into ancient
Chinese medical lore today in the
hope of achieving their objective a
preventive or cure for the scourge
that has killed more than hundred
New York babies a week for seven
weeks.
Five Chinese physicians applied to
health officials today for permission
ii study with United States experts.
They believe infantile paralysis is the
same disease which harried China for
hundreds OF years before a. cure was
discovered in the juice of a plant that
grows in the orient. They probably
will sit with the twelve noted experts
who are coming from various Sec
tfons of the country Thursday to con-
fer with local and United States off
Gals.
DR.. Paul A. Lewis, Henry Phipps in
stitute, Philadelphia; DR.. Joblan, Van
derbilt university; DR.. Victor c.
Vaughn, University of Michigan. and
DR.. Milton J. Rosenau. Boston, have
accepted invitations to the conference
Among others who have been invited
are Ludwig Hektoen, Chicago, and
Charles G. Bass. New Orlean&
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-07-29
POPE is PRAYING DAILY
THAT THE WAR MAY END

1.-THE above translation Of the mes.
sage transmitted by the papal secre-
tary of state, was made by Mgr La
vale CT st. Patrick's cathedral who.
on behalf Of Cardinal Farley, added: !:
''His ,eminence Cardinal Farley is
not at home but his whole heart
re-echoes the sentiment Of the holy
father.
by the CARDINALS direction al the
priests are praying for peace every
day. at the altar. They are constant
" urging to the same pious practice
all the people, and especially the in
nocent children, so toucMngly allud-
ed to in the papal telegram."]
The message from the pope ap-
peaiing for peace through the prayers
of the innocent children Of the world
was in response to cablegram sent
by the United Press from New York
slrpplementing a request made at the
vatican by John H. Hearley, United
Press staff correspondent, for q state
meuk on the second anniversary OF
the war. The cablegram requested "a
papal statement to the American pee
pie ana through Ameraca TO the
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-07-29
DEUTSCHLAND is AS NERVOUS
AS A RAT IN A TRAP

trip to the long private pier to which
press tugs are tied, after discovering
that private telephone line had been
installed there. The press men saw
to it that no step was made to re-
move the wires, for they knew that
German influence had been operating
along the water front for several days
to clear away newspaper men and pre-
vent their obtaining boats. The time
for the Deutschland to depart is still
an unolved-an apparently unsolv
able-mystery. All the talk is that
she Is going out within few days.
but the truth is not in the rumor mon
gers that swarm the Baltimore water
fronts. Indications with vAe Deutsch-
land promoters are that thoy are not
unduly alarmed about the fate of. the
Deutschland sister ship. the Bremen.
though. they will be If she does not
appear in the next few oaax
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-07-29
BRITISH
FRONT IS
UNBEND|NG
sosznsns' Mort Powerful A.
taclD Arc Unable 70
Make Dent In the
Line.
VIOLENT OPPOSITION
Two or Three Regiments Wers Ami
hiIated by Ensllshmsn In
tho DslviIis
Woods.
[By Ed. i. Keen. United Press Staff
Correspondent

[By Ed. J.. Keen. United Press Staff
Correspondent
LONDON, July 29.-The British
front is withstanding Germany's most
powerful attacks. Artillery hammer
Ing and massed attack with hand to
hand fighting has so far failed to
dent the lines advanced by the recent
British offensive.
General Haig SO indicated In his re-
port today. Usually sparfng Of de-
scriptive adjectives, the British COM
mander in chief embellished his brief
statement Of today with such terms
as hand to hand struggles continu-
ing without -intermission," violent
opposition" by the Germans and 'des-
perate enemy attempts"
It Is the belief of military experts
here that the kaiser is now utilizing
the great reserves concentrated in
front of the British line from Verdun
and other points on the western bat
tie in a bitter endeavor to wrest
back from the Britons the land they
have captured in the last few days.
Despite this, Haig reported continued
progress today.
His narrative indicated particular
ly violent engagements beyond
Pozieres from which newly captured
point the British are endeavoring to
push on toward Bapaume. There the
combat was marked by unceasing
hand to hand fighting.
Just north OF Longueval at Delville
wood, British positions are under in
tense pressure from the German lines.
How sanguinary this fighting along
the line from Thfepval to Longueval
has been, was confirmed in Haig's
opinion that two or three German reg
iments-presumably the Brandenbnrg-
ers- were annfhilated in Delville
woods.
! The Russians have made further
gigantic strides both in the eastern
battle some and the Caucasus, ac-
cording to Petrograd. From Tarno-
pol. Russian forces under General
Leczich, chief Of staff to General
Gilinski, of the Fourth Russian army
CORDS. have overwhelmed the Austrian
lines and forced them back to south
of the Dniester towards StanislavL
Presumably, the Russian advanc-
ed along the railway which winds
from Tanopol down and back up to
Lemberg. The army OF the Grand
Duke Nicholas which has already
achieved some records for speedy ad-
vance. is still hurrying along, accord
ing to Petrograd, and has captured
Ezerzany, thrown back the Turks op-
Dc.sine pressure towards KhyAput and
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-07-29
Fields Are All Right 30 Far In
Spite Of the Two Weeks
Of Intense
Heat.
EIGHT FEET IN HEIGHT


nD6 MONIES, Iowa, tufy 2o-TV0
veeks Of record breaking heat has
not injured tho Iowa corn Drop. sx-
cept In few places in tho opinion
Of Weather and Crop Director Chap.
pei, but unless the heat wave IL
broken. tassels VIII be burned. pollen
destroyed and the crop injured. IN
height and all danger of early frost
is over and should tho heat wave be-
broken in forty-eight hours, the dam-
age will be nominal. Wheat. oats and
hay have been . hne crop, but ber-
ries have suffered from the heat and
garden truck and melons and even
grapes are In danger.
shortage Expected.
ST. LOUIS. No. July 3s.-A seri-
Gus shortage in tho supply Of fresh
vegetables and fruit and Increased
prices will result should the present
drouth and heat continue, declared
commission men here today. Preca,i-
tions In the handling Of live stock.
poultry and eggs from within radius
Of 100, miles has failed to prevent
big losses.
Kansas 10 Worried.
TOPEKA, Kansas, July 29.-Pros-
poets Of . bumper Kansas corn crop
hava gone glimmering. A month Of
drouth and high temperatures have
seriously injured all crops. With theI
largest acreage in years, the state
faces half crop unless the rains
come soon.
Water Supply Low.
DENVER, Colo, July 29-The REL
cent hot, dry spell has had a bad
effect on ranges and water supply I'M
the Rocky mountain region, accord-
ing to Forecaster Brandenburg here
today. In some sections farmers are
cutting grains for hay and the nat-
ural hay is poor, An exceptionally
good crop of cherries IS promised.
however.
Not Injured Yet.
LINCOLN, Neb., July 29.-Nebraskat
crops have SO far not been injured
by the drouth and tho hot dry
weather of the past few weeks will
have proved good corn weather pros
vided rain comes within the next
week or ten days.
The corn situation over the state
has been very good so far this year
and the crop outlook is good, pro-
vided the dry weather does not con-
tinue too long and hot winds are
escaped In some parts OF the state,
principally along the Kansas line,
some firing has been reported and
some farm ers are alarmed. but others
declare the damage will be small, If
any, If rain comes within few days.
There has been no general rain over
the state for two weeks, though
there have been scattered local show
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-07-29
Fear Of Spies and Plots Makes
Trivial Things q Cause
for Worry.

IBy Carl D. Groat, United Press Staff
Correspondent
BALTIMORE, Md, July %. = Fear
of spies had grown to an obbsesseness
with certain members OF the crew of
the German subsea Deutschland today.
With two additional British tramp
steamers in the harbor for cargo and
the Ardgryfe making no move to load.
the Deutschland watchers developed
an unusual nervousne.
Even trivial things worried them.
An expedition from the tug, the Tim.
Minis. for instance. made q hurried
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-07-29
ANOTHER
AIR RAID
By GERMANS
Three Zeppelins Floated Over
Norfolk and Lincoln olnshire
EARLY in the
Morning.
80 BOMBS DROPPED
official Statement Says No Material
Damage Was Done
- Result Of the
Raid.
. BOMBS DROPPED

LONDON, July pa German air
raid in the early hours OF today over
Lincolnshire and Norfolk caused mo
material damage" according to off,
cial statements today.
Three airships at 1880 this morn
ing dropped thirty-two bombs over
Lincolnshire and Norfolk without
material damage" the war Office as
serted. There were no casualties"
"At one place." the war Office state
ment continued, "anti-air craft guns
drove off the air craft from their OBJ
jective. Fog hampered the raiders"
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-07-29
Message From Rome in Reply
to Question on Second Ami
versary Of the War.

tCopyright 1915 by the United Fress.l
NEW YORK, July 3S.-The United
Press today received the following
message from, Pope Benedict, through
the agency OF Cardinal Gasparri:
Rome
TO the United Press, Associations.
New York, U. s.. A.
81 have presented your telegram to
the holy /. father. His holiness is
grateful for your respect and conf
dence In the holy see.
'fHe prays that the Lord of mer-
cies. moved by the prayers OF inno-
Cent children imploring peace on this
eecond anniversary OF the terrible
conflict shall deign to end speedily
this awtol carnage. :
(stgned) ssCnEdfna1 0neDosx1s
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-07-29
WHY AMERICANS
join MILITIA
Interesting Interviews With
Various Members Of the
Companies From
New York.
OFFICERS AND PRIvATEs
Colonel Vanderbilt says Hs Joined
In Gold Blood and
Was Always
Interested.
IoFT1oERs AND PRIvATEs

[By William G. Shepherd, Omitted
Press Staff Correspondent
M'ALLEN. Texas, July 2s-Men by
the hundreds of thousands whom
have seen in European armies, are
In the army to fight
Why are they In the American
armyI Hit or miss, ! laid about me
with this question in tho Now York
camps today. These are some o8 the
answers:
Colonel Cornelius Vanderbilt: ~
Joined in cold blood. have always
been Interested in tho army and navy
and felt that ought to do some.
thing. 80 fifteen years ago tutored
for neutenancy in tho Twelfth Now
York and passed"
Major General Organ: "As . boy
I always read military history.
wanted to go to West Point but
couldn't. went into law, tut - soon
as could turned my attention from
business. gravitated to the militia
it publicly, but for many years I'vS
paid more attention to military af
fairs than to any other OF my con
cerns.'
Joseph Hearn, private IN Company
II, Twelfth New York, and Major
General Organs orderly: my
brother had q row with my father and
went away from home.> When he
came back after year In a soldier's q
uniform he was so much better and
my father was so happy with the
change that he told mo 70 Join and
! did"
J DR.. ]. w. Abbott, n Washington
Square. North, lieutenant in medical
corps: When 1t looked like trouble
in Mexico last May l Joined. didn't
want 1t to 30 on my record In case
OF. war that had been forced to help
my country"
Major r. L. Foster. 73. West END
avenue, Twelfth regiment: II went
into the militia twenty-three years
ago for the same reason that my boys
are going into 1t. That is, because
all my people in all the -ears back
have been in all the American wars
Sergeant A. v. Park, 555 West
1S4th street, Company f. Seventy
first New York: ri went into the
militia because was q runner and
liked armory athletics"
Louis Cisseu. private in Company
E, Seventy-frst New York: my
brother Roy and l lived in boarding
house at 294 Henry stree:, Brooklyn,
and as we didn't booze, we didn't
know how to spend our evenings un-
til AL Leahy came to Our boarding
house from Rockaway and talked
militia to US until we both joined
AL Leahy, 294 Henry street, Brook.
lyn, private in Company e, Seventy
first: II joined the militia because
Ed McIvor, friend OF niue at Rock.
away, dragged me to drill one night,
and that finished me-"
Sergeant Ed McIvor, Rockaway,
Company E, Seyenty-frst: II was an
athlete and Joined because of ath-
letics. Through the militia I got a
position of teaching athletics to 500
boys in Rockaway.",
Roy Cissell, Battery A, Second field
artillery: II joined because my broth
er did. Four out of five men in our
boarding house came to Texas"
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-07-29
RAISING 100000 Endowme { 1T.

OSKALOOSA, Iowa, iowa, July 20.
The campaign committee Of Penn
college, trying to raise an endow-
ment Of 100000 before August 1.
was made happy today with the re-
ceipt Of $50, 200 from Mrs S. S. Smith,
Of Anes. This makes a total of $45,-
900 for the days work and makes the
amount now pledged $230,000 with
$4,000 to be raised lby Tuesday
night. II the total of 100000 is not
raised, the college will be closed.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-07-29
KAISER AGREED
TO EXECUTION
Is Said to Have Confirmed
Sentence Of Death Passed
by Courtmartial.
OFFICIAL STATEMENTS
ssrlln says RussIans Have Made
Progress, But the Eng
IIsh Have Been
Repuised.
OFFICIAL STATEMENTS

LONDON. July 2s.-That Kaiser
Wilhelm himself confirmed the SEN
tence OF death, found by courtmar-
tial trying Captain Fryatt Of the pas
sengey liner BRUSSELS. for his at
tempt to ram a submarine, was re-
ported in Maastricht dispatch here
today. It served further to inflame
British feeling against what press and
public alike branded as SURPRISING
the execution of Miss Cavell, the Brit
ish nurse, in cold-blooded ferocity.
The Maastricht dispatches asserted
the duke of Wurtemberg wired the
sentence of death pronounced by the
naval court martial at Zeebrugge on
Fryatt to imperial headquarters, ask
ing for confirmation. The war coun-
Gil, 1t was stated, granted this con-
firmation at once, all its members, in
cluding the kaiser and General Erich
Won Falkenhayn, former war minister,
agreeing on the justice Of the death
sentence.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-07-29
Motor Boat Party Safe.

CHICAGO, July 29.-Fears for the
safety of State Senator George F.
Harding, millionaire power boat en-
thusiast, of Chicago, AMI a party OF
friends who left here yesterday afte--
noon for motor boat trip along the
shore Of Lake Michigan, we're allayed
today when Harding phoned his wife
from Michigan City, Ind, that he had
landed there safely. It was feared
that he had been becalmed in the
lake or met with an accident.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-07-29
Gas Case Remanded,

COUNCIL BLUFFS, Iowa, July %.
Three federal judges here today re
manded the ST. Joseph gas cas- to
the Missouri state courts, following a
hearing yesterday. They held the
gas company, objecting to rates made
by the utility commission, had not
exhausted the state tribunals and de-
clined to take the case now.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-07-29
Six Children Dead.

SPRINGFIELD, H., July 29.-Six
children have died from infantile par
alysis since the disease broke out in
Illinois, according to an announce
ment Of the state board Of health to-
day. There are ninety-nine existing
cases.
Suspected cases were reported to-
day from Beckemeyer, LaPlace, Mount
Erie, Caseyville, Carlysle, Canton,
Marshall and Maroa.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-07-29
R.ther : cold prooo.jtIon

DENVER, Colo. July 299.-Dr. F. A.
Cook left Denver today for greener
fields in his search for $780, 900 back
ing for his scheme to fly to the north
pole in aeroplanes. The Doc en-
listed Congressman Ben Hilliard' s
support of the plan for congress to
appoint a commission to investigate
the rival claims Of north pole discov-
erers.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-07-29
The Hot Spell VIII Continue
Through Monday and Pos
sibly All Next
Week.
Y DEAD IN ONE DAY
Chicago People Cannot Stand che
Weather and Many
Dsaths Ars Being
Recorded.

CHICAGO. July 1D-Davn found
CHICAGO and that section between the
Rocky and Allexheny mountaine stfll
sweltering from tho heat today.
go. =. a1,attans ~ -.ra - 49, ~.
W. % o,,1S .nn.,rn. rr+;i rcr.
49, ia nssthiv al r.u -..L 4
tst., ~ 1nc da.5 .rN ..ver.I fnndr:d
.Usar ,,.n.tr.+ad - -. thn toll tsEan ~ ths
t,aot
Tr.t r.nor4. ~ ..r,on. A.,r.re
rrom tha tnrrid wava fhrousho,t the
cron section of Illinois came pourinr
- tOuay =. W.. ~ l..Hs, S. -
IloM. .nV SvsI .s..s ~ ~. 80. -.
s.s,5s = ~ :. sss
~ ..ssssu q: \ r ~ a.
ls.1...s 2, s...,s ~. X.-.,o,,,,,~
Is ~ -. ra.thS..t' 49, - .,sN- ~ r.
=. s.s.. az 80 h,,rasr ~ +oSsv II h.,G c,,V
trc hcn. thst q nav Aavalnn ann
cient stI0nStn % O.UW ne ncat uon nuN
ing uliou.o ~ noIO
iesiste1e@ % y . ciocN s sn.s I,sn
lns. 4 tnsn ssa.S@ ~, $1,000 ~ ~u1pwsIu .ln. Sl.MC
CnlcAsos oeAtn tol 49, ~ a Alunlsns ~
yesteiuay ana last nlsnt 49, sevonIy-
Two. M ~. uoAeus , iepo1e-
60 outsfuo u Onicse0.
neat we're reported toosy. 1teen
oiea n Cnlcaso 1mu T,,'. ~ sepo1t' Ua'
Gu iro" Auror@' Annos'
Goo, h, N.,. vn.k
Nruy yORK NV % Onlv ,ro,,r.
49,
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-07-29
irrevoeabIe Decision.

WASHINGTON, July 20. = Eng
lands decision not to allow T. H.
Kelly and Joseph Smith and their
party carrying funds for Irish relief,
to land, is "irrevocable." Ambassador
Page cabled the state department to-
day.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-07-29

The man who Is not smart enough
to make enemies is not smart enough
to make money.