Arizona republican., 1916-10-22

they procured many relics for the uni versity, relics of that mysterious race of people, the AmasaZZi, who inhabited the state many years ago.
 Prof. Cummings has conducted seV- eral research parties into northern and central Arizona in the interests ot | the university, and has obtained much l valuable and interesting information regarding the habits, characteristics and industries of the cave and cllff dwellers through the relics and imple- ments he found; yet, considering the astonishingly small amount of arch geological material which remains in the museums of Arizona compared to the vast amound which is found here, Prof. Cummings made still one more effort to conserve for the University of Arizona and thereby Arizona, her self, those priceless relics and rem nants Of a bygone people which may some day tell the early history or thls section. Arizona IS rich in this arch geological material, and other states, realizing this, are trying in every way to obtain as much as possible for their several museums. Naturally Arizona should be first considered, and as Prof Cummings and his party were pracu- cally the only representatives Of Arl- zona in the gathering of these mater ials. Arizona should duly appreciate his efforts along this line, especially as all of his specimens will be given to the university.
 Three months ago on the l2th of June, Prof. Cummings, and his party of four, consisting of his son, Malcolm Cummings, l.. L. kriegbaum. Lawrence Whitehead and Karl Rupper left Tue son by auto for their field work for the summer. They intended to explore the ruins in the northern part of Ari- zona around Sagle Canyon which Prof Cummings had been unable to examine on his expedition last summer. when ne worked in the vicinity. The route followed was from Phoenix to Pres cott via Flagstaff to Tuba City, and l then on to kayenta, an important Ma vaJo trading post which they made l their headquarters. After d short rest, | horses and pack burros were procured | and the expedition set out for Sagie l Canyon, a distance of twenty five | miles, where work was carried on the | first month.
 | In this canyon the most important l ruins found were Balcony House, Ter race House, Kitsil. meaning Broken | Pottery" Bat Woman House, and | Batakin, signifying in English Side l Hill House" Of these only Terrace | House and Balcony House were rich in | articles of prehistoric interest. In the former were found several pieces of | textiles, showing the wonderful skill possessed by these early tribes in | weaving cloths out of their native cot | ton and also out of the yucca flores | several planting sticks. which were | used to plant their crops. and a few | pieces of pottery which evidently be- | longed to the early period of prehis- 1 torls civilization, as the specimens were of the coiled or corrugated type.
 This style of pottery was the evolu- ton of the first crude method of pot tery making and was evidently used 1 very largely at the time. because of the ease with which it could be worked into different shapes and forms neces- sarY 10 bowls and ollas. In this style me clay was first prepared and ther rolled into cylinders about eight or siJ inches long and from one half to three | quarters of an inch in diameter Ther the piece of pottery was formed by building up its walls with these smal ropes of clay, and. after drying. coating of clay was applied on botl he outside and inside, giving the whol, a smooth, even shape Sometime l tsItSt RitttS bl pottery were painted and decorated with surprisingly intri cate designs in the four colors whic were at the command of these earl people, namely. red brown. black am white These colors were chief found in nature.-for example the re and white being red and white ochei respectively. and the brown and blac being made from the different root | and herbs
 In Balcony House great deal of in teresting material was found. Thi village was once quite an importar one, having been composed of at leas ob rooms or house, all grouped aboU their common kiva or ceremonis house. The name Balcony House wa applied to this village some years az because of the large balcony or plat form which the early inhabitants bui between two adjacent cliffs back the village, probably as a lookout. Tn balcony is about 2S feet long by fe, wide. and is made of roughly smoothe logs which span the space between tt cliffs. Over these dogs brush Iwa placed, and covering the whole. is
 thick, smooth layer of sun baked cla This balcony is at least 20 feet hig and may be reached only by climbln
 
 driven into the rock
 Balcony House was undoubtedly ir habited by the Cliff Dwellers as di ferentiated from the Cave Dweller and many object found here were unusual interest, because they revealt so much of the life and habits of the. people. For instance. q partly pr, served mummy was found in sma room little apart from the rest.
 was impossible to determine wheth
 the body had been buried or simp sealed in the room. as it was entire in ruins but from the mummy it W; found that undoubtedly it was the GU
 tom of this people to bury their dei
 wrapped in skins, with the le
 crouched to the chest and the arr
 placed at the sides of the body.
 was also found from the remains tn
 he Cliff Dwellers were a small ra
 of people, not exceeding five feet
 height; that they used the baby boaI
 causing flattening of the back of q
 skull, and that they were the precu
 sors or the present Indians. for tn
 possessed the high cheek bones a
 the slightly protruding jaw which nc
 characterizes the Indians of this reggie
 Among the many other articles fou
 in the ruins were a great variety
 manus, or grinding stones, with whi
 the people ground their maize in IT
 tates. stone axes, knives, spear poin
 and other implements of the perit
 One article of especial interest was
 bowl of white caste or paint whi
 was used as a paint and a food
 early times, and is still in use amo
 the Navajos, who find use for it
 working their silver This paste h