davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1916-10-19
TOnopah Miners
Request Increase

At Tonopah last Sunday two
meetings Of the mine and mill work
ers Of the district were held. Eighty
seven enrolled themselves at the aft
crnoon meeting and 100 at the one
held in the evening.
A communication was read from
the Tonopah Mine Operators asso-
ciation in answer to the request OF
the mine and mill workers for an in
crease of 50 cents per day wages.
The first OF the reply was that in
asmuch as wages were not reduced
when silver was at its low cbb, there
was no reason for raising them at
this time.
The communication was tabled un-
til the organization of the Mine
Workers union can be perfected,
which will probably be accomplished
at a meeting to be held tomorrow
evening.
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1916-10-19
Personal Mention

Burt Smith Of Reno was a Carson
visitor yesterday.
Mrs. Frank Wi,des returned on the
morning train from a visit on the
coast.
George Sanford was an auto ar
rival in Carson this morning from
Reno.
Mrs. Will Brougher and daughter
Nellie were arrivals on this morn
ing's train from Oakland.
j. A. Miller, field engineer in the
State engineers office, returned this
morning from a three months trip
in and around Galconda on business
connected with his department.
Judge and Mrs. p. A. McCarrar
returned this morning from Reno,
where they went last evening to at
tend the Leslie Johnson and Edith
Mack wedding, which took place at
the home of the brides father, Judge
{. +. Mack.
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1916-10-19
Chance for Boys to
Enter Academies

Nevada youths who have a pred
Election for military service and an
ambition to become officers of the
United States army ard navy. should
communicate with Major H. l.. APP
rlewhite at the University of Nevada.
There are two chances for Nevada
boys to become naval cadets at An
~rapolis and four 10 become military
cadets at West Point.
Competitive examinations will be
conducted at the university the mid
die of January. The exact date will
be announced later. The six boys
rating highest in the competitive ex-
animation with three alternatives FOR
each of the six principals. will have
the privilege of taking the govern
ment examination for admission to
the two academies. Major Apple
white will conduct the examinations at
the university.
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1916-10-19
Republicans Have
Big Slush Fund

Fifty thousand dollars have been
turned over to the Republican party
of the state Of Nevada by the ma
tional Republican committee. At
least this is the story that is going
the rounds of hotel corridors and
Hobbies. The report seems to bear
every mark of authenticity and there
is undoubtedly much truth In the
yarn, say the Sparkle Tribune.
Fifty thousand dollars does not
seem much, but it is S. for every vote
that is cast in the state of Nevada. 1t
is a half 4 dollar for every man, wo-
man and child within the state. 1t is
a large sum to do politics with and
will make quite a ripple when thrown
into the stream.
1t would seem that the SUN was
too large If it were not for the signs
Of Republican profligacy on all sides
Humboldt Star.
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1916-10-19
Clark County Out
for Good Roads

At a meeting of the Lincoln coun-
ty commissioners last week the tax
rate was fixed and. was, with the
exception of Almo district where a
new schoolhouse is to be built, lower
this year than last. The general
county tax was fixed at 90 cents and
the state at $500, making a total of
$1.3S6.
The commissioners also issued an
order authorizing the bonding of the
county for 100000 for the purpose
of road construction and bridge
building. This will be submitted to
the voters of Lincoln county at the
coming election.
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1916-10-19
Especial to The Appeal.)

TONOPAH, Oct. l9.-The party
of Democratic candidates, made up
OF Senator Pittman, Z. L. Game,
nominee for congress-; Judge Sand
ers and William Kennett, left Gold
field late yesterday afternoon, where
they had received a warm welcome,
for Millers, where they later had a
rousing meeting.
At Millcrs they had to wait to Sc
cure possession of the hall until Miss
Caroline Lowe, who was making a
talk for the Socialists, got through
with her address. In the course OF
her remarks Miss Lowe bitterly at
tackled Senator Pittman and the land
bill.
Senator Pittman, in opening his
address, reviewed his labor record
and showed that he had been the
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1916-10-19
by United Pressl

CHICAGO, Oct. 19.-Enormous
crowds greeted Wilson this after
noon, lining the streets to the hotel
cheering the president as he passed
on his wa to address the Press
club. He said hat recent changes
i'll business methods had resulted i'll
inevitable progress, and said that
progressive action had come to stay,
and we must thoughtfully accept and
guide it rather than resist.
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1916-10-19
AUTO SERVICE

Sagebrush Automobile and Stage
company, between Reno and Carson
until after the election. will leave Ap-
peal office every day at 3 o'clock.
Leaves Overland hotel for Carson at
9 every morning. O19-tf
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1916-10-19
Out of a Job
II,,ifaI D,.,cc1

BERKELEY, Oct. l9.-The Pres
byterian synod today struck the
name of Rev. B. II. Cleihenccau of
San-Anselmo from its list of minis
tiers owing to his alleged activity
against the prohibition amendments.
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1916-10-19
OUTSIDE REGISTRATION

At Lovelock S25 have so far reg
istered and of that number 233 are
women.
At Elko l,l5O have registered, 35G
being women.
At Tonopah 2,OD voters have reg
istered, SEQ being women 8.
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1916-10-19
O1S-30d
Masonic Meeting

Carson Lodge, No. l, f. ard a.
", will hold its regular meeting to-
morrow, Thu sday night. Work in
the third degree. All sojourning
brothers are cordially invited to be
present. By order OF w. M.
ED. VANDERLIETH, Secy.
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1916-10-19
$4,000 to Poor

by Unlted PrcSSI
SAN FRANCISCO, Oct. 19.-Ac-
cording to Henry Miller's attorney.
his will bequeathes $4,000 to Gill
roy's poor to be distributed at Christ
mas; also sums to charity and to
old employees of Miller & Lux. Land
bequeathed Miller's daughter, as
trustee, sets aside $25,OOO for prep
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1916-10-19
Improvement Club Tonight

The regular semi-monthly meeting
of the North. Side Improvement club
will be held this evening at 7:3C
o'clock in the Hotel Arlington par
lor.
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1916-10-19
Feeding Stock

According to the Review Miner
III carloads of cattle were unloaded
during the past ten days at Love
lock, to be fed and fatted in that
valley.
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1916-10-19
By United PressI

NEW YORK, Oct. 10 Cunard
officer announced this afternoon
that the Cunard steamer Alaunia,
mined in the English channel this
morning. had sunk. All passengers
aboard and most of the crew were
saved. The vessel was $40 feet long
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1916-10-19
[By United Press1

WASHINGTON, Oct. 10. - The
British embassy discredits the re-
port that a submarine was sunk off
Nantucket. Another station picked
up the alleged wireless from a Brit
ish cruiser.
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1916-10-19
FRESH BREAD

The celebrated "Holsum Bread"
received fresh every day, wrapped in
parahne paper, absolutely sanitary in
its handling. every loaf guaranteed to
weigh 20 ounces Price 10 cents per
loaf. At Goodies opposite post
office. al7-tl
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1916-10-19
Fall and Winter Suits and Coats

Ever notice the perfect fit of our
garments? Slowed away in your
head is an idea of what your next
suit or coat should be. W. have
it. New goods arriving daily, the
latest styles and patterns at
MRS. ED SWEETLAND,
liz w. Second ST, opposite Park
hotel. o6-tf
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1916-10-19
Lou Dillon Mining COMPANY

Holders of stock in this company
should communicate with the under
signed regarding the matter OF reha-
bilitating the company affairs. Send
lis; of holdings.
H. H. WEIR,
OlS-3Od Goldheld, Nevada.
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1916-10-19
FOUND

Gold locket, containing pictures.
Owner can obtain same by calling at
this office and paying charge.
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1916-10-19

Several dollars expended toward
the newspaper that boosts your inter
ests would be a fair exchange.
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1916-10-19
Hot TamaleS

Fine fresh hot tamales, made by
Art Maish, none better in the city, at
Goodies, opposite P. 0. sl6-tf
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1916-10-19
Hats for Women
Sacramento Saloon
FOR SALE

Automobile, completely equipped,
$3.50, or best offer, if taken this week.
OFT A. H. BORDEWICH.
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1916-10-19
) O'CLOCK BULLETINS
Cunard Vessel Sinks

aration of his burial place on Mount
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1916-10-19
See Bath

For hauling away your trash, ex-
press work of all kinds. Phone
GAL. s18-tf
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1916-10-19
Annual Halloween Dance

The Women of the Woodcraft will
give their annual dance on the night
of October 3Oth, Halloween eve.
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1916-10-19

Read the Appeal. It's a good habit.
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1916-10-19

Subscribe for the Appeal.
Carson City daily appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1907-1930, 1916-10-19
FOUND
Sacramento Saloon

Fresh, cool Fredericksburg beer
always on tap. Billiards, pool and
card rooms. Give us a call. a291tf
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-08-07
.BEMIDJI LOSES
Two GAMES TO
AIBBI|hC nine
Defeated in Range Village Saturday
Afternoon by 9 Score Of
z to @.
"sMOKY" WHITE PITCHES
GOOD GAME SUNDAY
Local Team Defeated bya Z Score Of
3 to O in Sabbath Contest;
Games are Good.
"SMOKY" WHITE PITCHES
GOOD CANE SUNDAY

! The Bemidji baseball nine went to
Hibbing Friday night and was de-
feated in two games there Saturday
and Sunday. This is the fourth
time this season the range village
team has defeated the local men.
The game Saturday resulted in a
score of z 90, the Hibbing team get
ting eleven hits. Kannerberg pitch
ed for Bemidji and Wilson for Hib-
bing. Fautsch Of Hibbing knock
ed three-bagger and Randall got a
home run by poor fielding.
The score in Sundays game was 8
to 0, with Smoky Sam White in
the box for Bemidji and Ingersoll for
HibBing. Smoky allowed but
three hits, these being scratchy sin
giles, and coupled with costly errors
by Bemidji netted the range team
three runs. The Bemidji team made
five errors and Hibbing three.
In both games Bemidji pulled off
a double play. In Saturdays game a
double play was made by Diedrich to
Boudreau to Ericsson and in Sun
days game one was made by Bailey
to Frank
The hOx scores.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-08-07

= = = = = = = = y y y - =
Topeka, Completed returns
show DR.. Eva Harding, first woman
ever nominated for U. 8. senate.
gained Democratic nomination.
Philadelphia hundred street
car men have struck for higher wa
ges and recognition of the union.
New York-Grimly determined.
leaders of 100000 railroaders have
completed the counting on the bal
lots of the strike. The ballot will be
announced tomorrow.
Washington-There was optimism
in the threatened railroad strike to-
day when it was learned that the
switchmen would probably sign an
agreement accepting arbitration be-
fore night.
New York-There are indications
that the street car strike here may
end tonight. Mayor Mitchell today
said that the strikers and employers
had listened to his suggestion Tor
settlement.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-08-07

Minneapolis, Aug. IA begin
ming upon what speakers said some
day may become $25,OOO,OOO pro-
ject to redeem the millions of acres
of swamp land in Northern Mime
sofa, was made at a meeting at the
University club late Saturday. It
was decided to raise $4,000 from
whatever sources possible, to make
an battle-ground ''reconoitre" of
northern swamp land. This inspec-
tion is to secure facts upon which
request to the state legislature for
much larger sum to pay for COM
prehensive. Typographical and soil
survey can be based. The fund was
given start by promise from Gov
ernor J. A. A. Burnquist that some
thing will be given from his con-
tingent fund.- ,-.r
By Development Men.
The meeting was at the invitation
of A. l.. Crocker, recently appointed
chairman of the committee on state
reclamation Of the All Minnesota De-
velopment association, which met in
June in St. Paul. Among those at
tending were Governor Burnquist,
Theodore Void, governor of the Fed
eral Reserve bank, Dean Albert F.
Woods of the agricultural college of
the University of Minnesota, Samp-
son r. Child and F. W. Sardeson, for
merly professor in the geology de-
partment of the University of Min
nesota now with the United States
geological survey.
Canal From Red Lake.
Mr.. Sardeson proposed that Red
lake, now natural reservoir for the
northern country, should be connect
ed by a 100-mile canal with the
headwaters of the Minnesota river.
streams into the Red river. His plan
would mean that the lake waters that
now go into Hudson bay would be
converted to the Gulf of Mexico.
The millions of acres to the north,
east and south of Red lake can be
easily ditched and tiled by farmers
who settle them and the water turn
ed into Red lake, Mr.. Sardeson said.
RED lake can be drained to flow the
way it does now," he continued. But
already the Red river has too much
water. At the Fargo state fair
grounds this year motor boats were
able to around the race track. Red
lake can be drained by bitches to
Rainy lake. But this is open to the
big objection that it would mean the
flooding of land to the north and the
unredemption of great area that
could be drained by canal to the
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-08-07
ENGLISH TROOPERS
WIN VICTORIES IN
LAST TEUTON COLONY
Russian Drive on Lemberg Continues;
German Resistance il
Stubborn.
GERMANS RECAPTURE
TRENCH NEAR POZIERES
French Fire Checks Two Violent
German Attacks on Northeast
Verdun Front.
(By United Press)

London, Aug. THE British have
won victories in south and east, Ger
man East Africa. They are rapidly
closing in upon the kaiser's last coll
ony. The British have occupied San
dani, Kilmatinde, Dodoma, Kikombo
and Vandeventer.
Several small German counter at
tacks against the British positions at
Pozieres have been repulsed.
Turks Driven Back.
The Turks, whom the British rout-
ed east of the Suez canal, have been
driven back 18 miles.
The crest of the important ridge
west of Martin Puich is firmly in the
British hands. Bapaume, the imme-
diate object of the great British Of
fensive, is less than seven miles
away.
Three vessels have been submar-
lned and sunk. Two of the vessels
were English and the other Danish.
Recapture Trenches.
Berlin, Aug. by successful
counter attacks the Germans have re-
captured portion of the trenches
near Pozieres.
Paris, Aug. French fire has
checked the violent attacks on the
northwest front of Verdun. The
Germans have been repulsed in the
Chapitre.
Petrograd, Aug. Facing stub
born German resistance, the Russians
are continuing their advance upQns
Lemberg and have captured fortified
enemy positions near Brody.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-08-07
"DOC" RuTLEDGE VISITS
FRIENDS IN BEM|DJ|

A. G.. Rutledge of St. Paul, known
as doc" to his many Bemidji friends,
is visitor in Bemidji. He is accom-
panied by his wife.
doc" is secretary Of the Northern
Minnesota Editorial association and
he attended the annual outing at
Cass Lake Saturday and Sunday. He
is we'll known in Bemidji, having
lived here for a number of years and
having been editor of the Pioneer.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-08-07
DEAN OF MINNESOTA
EDITORS VISITS HERE

Irving Todd, ST., dean of the Min
nesota editors, publisher of the Hast
ings Daily Gazette, Hastings, Mimi,
is a visitor in Bemidji today. Mr..
Todd began the publication of the
Gazette 54 years ago. He was in
newspaper work in Wisconsin fol
several years before starting the Ga
zette.
He attended the Northern Mime
sofa editorial outing at Cass Lake
Saturday and Sunday. This after
noon he went to Itasca park
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-08-07
OPTION ELECTION IS
ONE WEEK FROM TODAY

The Beltrami county option cleo
tion will be held one week from to-
day. Reports from different points
in the county indicates that there
will be large vote.
The "drys" held meeting at Tur-
tie River Saturday night and the
talks were we'll received.
A meeting will be held at Puposky
tonight and a meeting will be held
at the town hall in the town of
Northern tomorrow evening.
A number of Bemidji men are
planning to attend the meeting to-
night.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-08-07
Scoop Wishes Nobody Any Hard Luck

de. N.Y. ~ a1 con a4>. :. thao4 aee tn.aa =
W n..r,>;,>1 sot'e ka.e an,4 f4eor
oc4~lr h.t.Q4n a>;,4 haea-- @ io cha~ehtr~ Seek
bes.?5.s ~ AZ e. .. e,r4 h..4;.
e@e ff.4n g !. q ohar>t -. s.,,;r,~~.
n~~ ogr>.- %Q4a urse~Q. -, 1>1e er1s e+1 Il
fou t.. 5.,Q pr., uf.QQ R.s*44- f. Ao.ao1 b..
eklt ar> AoeAi1 d<e -a.1e the es&I
os n ae< = ~ e0 = S e'aT &
Z IL h. k.e..s t l >s.s> a..s s..leS i;nf
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-08-07
FUNERAL OF GIRL IS
HELD THIS AFTERNOON

The funeral of Margaret, daughter
of Mr.. and Mrs. Carl Gustavson of
Winton, was held this afternoon from
the Christian Science church. Inter-
ment was made at Greenwood ceme-
terry. .,
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-08-07
STATE LAND SALE TO
Be HELD WEDNESDAY

A sale of state land will be con-
Quoted at the court house next
Wednesday morning. It is believed
that there will be a number of land
buyers present as a large number of
inquiries have been received in re-
gard to the sale. .. 49,. -,.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-08-07
FARMERS
have BIG MEETING

The Equitable Farmers club OF
FROM held big meeting Saturday
at the Nels Willett farm. There were
$50 persons present.
B. M. Gile, Bemidji school agricul-
turist, gave talk on the state and
county fair exhibits. The Frohn
club appointed committees and de-
cided to enter an exhibit.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-08-07
NAVAL MILITIA IS
ORDERED TO MEET

The Bemidji naval militia is or
dered to meet at the city hall at 1880
O'Clock this evening. Every member
is ordered to be present and no one
will be excused
Several members of the Bemidji
militia will leave Thursday on q lake
cruise.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-08-07

Totals .36 z IL 27 10 2
Summary: Three-base hit, Fautsch;
home run, Randall; base on balls off
Wilson 8, off Kannerberg i; struck
out by Wilson z, by Kannerberg 1;
double play, Diedrich to Boudreau
to Ericsson.
Bemidji -. % o o 0 o 0 0 0 90
Hibbing % 3 3 o 0 0 1 o x-7
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-08-07
TO ORGANIZE BOYS
BAND SATURDAY

L. Burchard, director of the Be-
midi band, has called a meeting of
all the boys in Bemidji interested in
the organization of boys band. Mr.
Burchard plans to have about 25
members in the band. Anyone de-
string to join the band should meet
with Mr.. Burchard Saturday night at
the city hall.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-08-07

Totals .......28 3 8 27 Is 8
Summary: Base on balls off White
2, off Ingersoll /; struck out by
White 1, by Ingersol1 s; left on
bases Bemidji 9, Hibbing 2; double
play, Bailey to Frank.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-08-07
CITY COUNCIL TO
HOLD MEET TONIGHT

The city council will hold q reg
ular meeting at the city hall tonight
beginning at eight o'clock. Bids
will be opened for the installation ct
a white way" system.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-08-07
EDUCATION BOARD
REFLECTS OFFICERS
AT ANNUAL MEETING
Janitors and Manager of School Farm
are Retained; Bonds are the
Same.
IMPROVEMENT IN
FINANCIAL CONDITION
Steam Pipes in High School Building
are to Be Covered With
Asbestos.

The annual meeting of the Bemidji
school board was held Saturday night
at the office of J. P. Lahr, clerk. Of
ficers for the year 1861 were elect
ed, and reports of the secretary and
treasurer were heard.
In the presentation of the boards
treasury report, comparative state
ments were given, showing that the
financial condition of the Bemidji
school for the year just passed was
better than for the previous year.
The report was accepted and a COM
mittee composed of DR.. E. H. Smith
and K. X. Roe was appointed to audit
the accounts and books Of the treas
urer. .-... 49, .-.... ...
Clerk Reports.
An incomplete report was made by
the clerk in order to give the mem
bers of the board an idea of the
schools work and expenditures. Up
on motion it was decided to hold the
acceptance Of the report until com
pleted.
Following a suggestion made by A.
J. Ritchie, janitor of the high school
building, the board decided to fur
nish asbestos covering for the steam
pipes throughout the high school
building. 1t was estimated that in
case this was done, one-third Of the
fuel consumed previously could be
saved.
Officers Reelected. >
Officers who presided for the school
year during 1916 were reelected
Bonds for this year will remain the
same. 49,
Standing committees will be ap'
pointed at a later date:
Janitors and the manager. of the
school farm were also chosen to sue
ceed themselves.
j. P. Lahr, clerk of the board, was
instructed to advertise for the boards
printing and publishing.
In compliment to her guests, Mr.
and Mrs. Richard e. Cook, Mrs. D
Wilcox entertained at dinner las,
evening. The guests were Mr.. and
Mrs. A. Lord and daughter, Mar.
garet, Mr.. Lord, ST., Mr.. and Mrs
a.. N. Gould and Mr. and Mrs. Cook
e. L. Dorsett of St. Paul is in the
city today on business.
Mrs. Dan O'Connor left this after
noon for a two weeks visit at Nc
Intosh, MINI.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-08-07
FIVE MOTORISTS PAY
!. FINES FOR VIOLATIONS

Five men paid fines in the muni-
cipal court this morning on charges
of operating their automobiles with
out ''tail'' light. The fine was 81
each.