davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1916-05-19
JUDGMENT IN SHAPING TREES
Care Should Be Exercised Not to Cut
Away Any Portion Which May
Affect Appearance.

In shaping the trees, the orchardist
must use his own judgment largely.
Where the trees are very small care
should be exercised not to cut away
any portion of the tree which may af-
feet Its appearance in the future. Be-
ginners should not start on young or
small trees, for mistakes on them are
always costly.
II you observe q serious fork in the
young tree, 1t should be remedied at
once by cutting away the one which
you think will not make the best pro-
Queer. II such defect is remedied
early in the lifetime of tree it will
scarcely be noticeable later. but to al
low 1t to remain for any length of time
is to injure and deform the tree per-
manently.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1916-05-19

treatment, and its value was en-
HANGED at least four times within six
months after 1t had been sold.
A loss of appetite is frequently OBJ
served in horses caused by irregular
tiles of the teeth. Such trouble may
be located by the presence of un-
crushed grain in the excrement The
teeth should be examined from time
to time in order to detect the presence
Of sharp points or other irregular
tiles, especially on the grinders. II a
horse cannot masticate his food prop
erly, loss of flesh and weakness is
bound to result 1t is a good plan to
look at the teeth frequently.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1916-05-19
POINTS OF FARM EFFICIENCY
Success on Great Majority Of Farms
Primarily Dependent on Three
Important Factors.

There are certain factors on which
the success of q farm business usu.
ally depends. From these II is usu-
ally possible to determine not only
the good points in system Of farm
ing but also its deficiencies. The lat
ter being known. the method Of Inn
proving the system becomes evident.
On a great majority Of farms. sue
cess is primarily dependent on three
important factors. These are ID the
sire Of the farm business: (2) the
yields of the crops and the returns
per animal, representing the quality
Of the farm business: and (s) the d.
versity OF the business. or course
many other things have their infiu-
ence, but the farmer whose business
Is efficient in these three respects il
generally successful. Those farms
that are excellent in none OF these re-
spects almost universally fail. Those
deficient in one or two may succeed.
but their chances Of success are great.
ly lessened.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1916-05-19

way, the weed ordinarily will not
make seeds again that year. Moving
does not eradicate the weed, because
tho plant is perennial: that Is, Its
roots live over from year to year.
Moving merely prevents one patch
from infesting a whole neighborhood.
The only way to exterminate large
area OF hawk.weed is to pillow and cul.
tivate the ground. using rotation OF
corn-two years-followed by wheat
or buckwheat, before reseeding. I'm.
fortunately, most of the mountain
fields are too steep to pillow without
danger Of serious washing, and fur
thermore, the people have not the
equipment for either raising or util-
izing any other crop than grass.
The chief dependence will probably
have to be placed upon the grass It.
self. II properly encouraged. the
grass win usually hold its own with
the hawk-weed. Generally speaking,
hawk-weed is most prevalent where
the soil is either poor or worn OFT.
Sill that is naturally poor can hardly
be remedied, and as such soils will
only support poor stand of grass at
best, and will grow a better crop OF
wood than anything else, they had
better be allowed to grow up in trees
again, putting the time and money
that would be spent on their improve
ment on land that is naturally more
fertile.
There is considerable popular In
terest in the use of chemicals to kill
the weed outright without injury to
the grass. The department is now
experimenting with this method, but
1t does not hold out much hope in
this direction, except for the use Of
salt on small patches. as described
above. While there Is a number Of
chemicals that will kill the weed,
most of them are also poisonous to
live stock, and the expense and DIFF
ficulty Of applying any chemical to
such large, billy areas makes the
method impractical,
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1916-05-19
CHEAPEST GAINS ON PASTURE
Feed Cost for Brood SsW With Litter
Cut In TWO by Turning Them on
Alfalfa or Glover.

Pigs make the cheapest gains on
pasture. Trials at the North Dakota
experiment station indicate that brood
sows running on good pasture and
nursing filters will do as well when
receiving one to one and half pounds
of grain per 100 pounds live weight of
SOW as sows in dry lot receiving two
and half pounds grain per day per
each 100pounds live weight. The pas.
ture Just about cuts the feed cost In
two. The pasture alone does not fur.
nish enough feed for either the brood
SOW with litter or for the weaned pigs.
They should be fed some grain, so as
to make a rapid grown. In this way
the spring pig can be ready for market
before real cold weather sets in.
Alfalfa, clover, bromus and winter
rye make the earliest pastures. When
these have not been provided, early
spring seeding OF such grains as oats
and barley or rape are the next best
thing.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1916-05-19
PULLET TROUBLES IN SPRING
Many Young Fowls Lost From Ever.
sion of ovIduct-Wateh for Bloody
Eggs In the Nests.

A number Of hens, and especially
pullets. are always lost in the spring
from the trouble known as aversion
Of the oviduct. II you see one of your
birds walking about with a hating
gait, and upon closer examination find
the lower portion of the oviduct pro.
jecting from the vent as mass of red
or purplish tissue, you can recognize
1t as the above trouble. II you no.
tice many bloody eggs in the nests,
watch for 1t. If you see other hens
following another and picking at the
vent, look out for this trouble.
1t may be caused by extra strain of
the muscles and tissues of the walls of
the oviduct, in the laying of double
yolked eggs, or very large eggs, or
due to an obstruction in the oviduot.
Unless discovered Immediately after
1t occurs the best treatment is to kill
the bird.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1916-05-19
MANAGEMENT OF BROOD soWs
Properly FED and Handled Mature AMI
NAL VIII Keep Better II She Has
Two Lltters Yearly.

Two filters q year mean two divi-
dend periods for the hog raiser each
year, instead Of one. Properly fed
and handled. a mature SOW win keep
in better breeding condition and win
give her owner more years Of profit
able service IL she has two filters q
year than II she has only one.
To do this. she must be fed while
pregnant full supply OF bone, blood
and musclemaking feeds, in order
that the development Of the unborn
pigs win not weaken her BY taking
thsss IaAterials from her own body.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1916-05-19

prepared by the United States Depart
ment OF Agriculture)
Hawk-weed, which has made its ap-
pearance in western North Carolina
and Virginia, and in West Virginia, Sc
riously threatens the native pastures,
which are the chief source OF liveli-
hood Of many people In the mountains
OF the southern Appalachian high
lands.
The field hawk.weed, which Is now
known to be in this section, belongs to
a group Of plants that includes the or
ange hawk-weed, or "devil's-paint-
brush" and the king devil-weed. two
of the most destructive weeds known
in pastures in this country. Until re-
Gently the various hawk.weeds were
not known to be troublesome south Of
Pennsylvania, but tho field hawk
weed appears to have suddenly found
very congenial location in the south
ern mountains, where II is now spread
ing rapidly. While confined mostly to
the high attitudes, the weed has APP
peared in some Of the lower valleys,
and is liable to spread into the high
parts of the Shenandoah valley and
eastern Kentucky and Tennessee. 1t
will probably not become troublesome
In the lower and warmer portions OF
these districts.
The weed first appears as a few
scattered individuals, but these multi
ply with amazing rapidity. Almost
before the farmer is aware of It's pres
ence, the weed is occupying several
square rods Of his grass land. and
quick action will then be required to
prevent the weed from taking COM
plete possession of the field. In
stances are by 10 means rare where
whole mountain sides that were once
fine grazing land are now nothing
but barren mass of hawk-weed, and
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1916-05-19
FEED COWS FOR MILK
Production and Size Are the De-
termining Factors.
Each Animal Should Be Given as Much
Roushase as She VIII Eat Up
clean-AvoId Increase In Body
Weight Above Normal.

In the management Of the modern
dairy It should be the aim to surround
the COWS with conditions most con-
ducive to a large and economical pro-
duction of milk and butterfat in each
individual case. Each cow should re-
ceive as much roughage as she will
eat up clean and portion of this
should preferably be of succulent ma
ture, like grass, silage, soiling crops
or roots. or concentrates it has been
found good working rule to feed
as many pounds of grain feeds per day
to each COW as she produces pounds of
butterfat week, or one-fourth to one
third as much grain as she gives
pounds OF milk daily the amount de-
pending upon the per cent of butterfat
in the milk In the case of cows pro-
ducing milk with a low per cent of
fat, one-fourth would be required. Care
should always be taken to avoid an In
crease in body weight above the nor
NAL for each COW, since the milk secre-
ton, as a general rule, is likely to
suffer when cows commence to utilize
their feed for the formation of body
fat.
II follows from what has been said
that no two cows In the herd can be
fed exactly alike under this system of
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1916-05-19
THICK CREAM is PROFITABLE
More sklmmllk Left on Farm TO Feed
TO Hogs, Calves and Poultry,
Sayr Ohio Bulletin

Farmers viii make more money By
separating reasonably thick cream
than a thin cream, according to dairy
department, Ohio state university.
Skimming highest cream leaves more
skimmilk on the farm to feed to the
hogs. calves and chickens. Skimmilk
utilized in this way has q feeding
value Of about IS cents per hundred,
while. IL the milk is left in the cream,
nothing is realized.
The buttermaker usually wants 9
cream testing around IS or 40 per
cent butterfat In the winter, II the
cream Is above 40 per cent. II is
rather dinhcult to get the cream all
out OF one can into another or into =
vat Cream testing about IS per cent
in the winter and 40 Per cent in the
summer is right for bufter-naking
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1916-05-19
SUCCESS IN GROWING CLOVER
Add Lime, Phosphorus and Potash to
Soils Needing Them--Glve the
Seed a Fair Chance.

The principles Of successful clover
growing may be summarized as fol-
lows:
Give the clover a chance TO make a
healthy plant by adding lime, phos-
phorus and potash to soils that neeC
them. In some way add vegetal e
matter to the soil and keep up the sup
ply by turning under clover often
enough.
Give the seed fair chance by plac-
ing II In mellow soil and covering 1t
from one-half TO one inch deep.
II sown with a nurse crop, Itve
the young plants chance by not seed
ing the grain crop too thickly, by top
dressing with manure IL practicable.
and by cutting the stubble as high az
possible.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1916-05-19
TAKING CARE OF TEETH
Horses Mclars Should Be Ex-
amined for Defects.
Elongated and liberated Grinders
often Prevent Animal From Prop
erIy Mastleatlnu It's Food
Weakness Follows.

If your horse shows difficulty in eat
ing. or loses flesh without apparent
cause, 1t is time to examine the teeth.
Very often elongated teeth prevent
horse from properly masticating its
food, thereby rendering 1t impossible
to obtain much benefit from it.
liberated teeth also are a source
of great trouble and prevent horse
from eating well. Sometimes broken
teeth cut the sides of the horses
month and form painful sores, which,
of course, interfere with mastication.
1t is good plan to examine the
teeth of all horses two or three times
a year, and in the case Of broken or
elongated teeth treat them with a
file. If the teeth Of valuable animal
are badly affected II should be treated
by q veterinary surgeon,
A man living in an eastern state tells
Of a six-year-old Virginia mule which
almost starved to death because of
bad teeth. II was sold for a nominal
price and the new owner, after hay
ing the animals teeth treated, found
that he had a mule that was capable
of doing almost as much work as any
other on the place. The animal picked
up flesh amazingly Immediately after
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1916-05-19

crop. The seed will grow the same
seaSon and the young plants will be
killed in the preparation of the seed
bed and the cultivation of the crop.
Digging by hand and removing from
the field all portions of the plant,
smothering with tar paper, and spray
ing with a solution of sodium arsenite
are best for the complete eradication
of quack grass on small spots.
All methods Of eradication on large
fields are based on thorough tillage.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1916-05-19
BIG WASTE IN FARM MANURE
Estimated Value Placed at $70o, 900 900
AnnuaIIy-As Much as Total Of
Wheat Crop.

By PROF J. q. HUTTON, Associate
Agronomist, South Dakota State Col
lege)
1t has been carefully estimated that
the value of the farm manure which
is allowed to go to waste is s700.00O.-
900 annually. The wheat crop for
1919 has been estimated at 10000, 1000
bushels. 1t is seen from these figures
that the value of the manure going
to waste on the farms in the United
States is worth as much as the total
wheat crop of the country.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1916-05-19
PROFITABLE GAIN FROM PIGS
Suitable Pasture With Enough Grain
to Stimulate Bony Growth VIII
Produce Results.

Pigs make profitable gain on any
kind OF suitable pasture with enough
grain to stimulate the bony growth.
They need grain, even with alfalfa e :
o forage crop.
Even when grain Is high and pork
comparatively low, as at present, we
cannot afford to stunt the pigs by rely
ing on the pasture altogether.
One pound Of com for each so
pounds of live weight will prove
enough II the forage is plentiful.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1916-05-19
DISPOSAL OF DEAD ANIMALS
Burning Large carcasses Is Difficult
and Laborious and Requires
Large Amount Of Fuel.

Dead animals on the farm should be
buried deep enough to prevent them
from being dug up again. or they
should be burned. To burn large CIR
cases like those Of dead horses and
cattle is dificuIt and Iaborious and re-
CURES . large quantity Of fuel. In
most Instances II Il more economical
to bury them.
All animals which have died OF in
fectious diseases and are buried
should be covered with q heavy lara
Of lime before the graves aFs closed.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1916-05-19
TO ERADICATE oUACK GRASS
Young Plants Are Easily Killed If At.
tackled Before They Have Formed
Underground Stems.

Young quack-grass plants, If at
tackled before they have formed un.
derground stems, are as easily killed
as plants Of wheat or other grains OF
the same age.
Manure containing quack-grass seed
may be applied on plowed ground be-
fore preparing the soil for cultivated
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1916-05-19
MOST USEFUL AS FUNGlcIDE
Fornalin Solution ls Easy and e.
fieient Treatment for Several Dis
eases Of Cereals.

By W. W. ROBBINS. Colorado Agricui-
tural College. Fort Collins. colo)
The formalin solution is one Of our
most useful fungicides. The formasin
sprinkle or dip Is an easy and Efficient
seed treatment for the following Ger
cal diseases: Blunt or sinking smut
Of wheat, covered smut Of barley. all
SHUTS Of oats. kernel smut Of sorg.
huns, and all smuts Of minets
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1916-05-19
THE CORN YIELD
Result Of Interesting Experiment Con-
Quoted With Alfalfa by North
Dakota Station.

At the North Dakota experiment sta
tion, where manure and alfalfa sod
preceded corn. the yield was 1873 bush
els per acre in 1915 and $50 bushels
per acre in 1914, while the yield
o. corn following corn in 1913 was 50
bushels per acre and in 1914 was 3s.7
bushels per acre. This made an In
crease Of 209 bushels in 1913 and 1872
bushels In 1917. or an average m
crease OF 1876 bushels per acre due to
alfalfa and manure preceding the Germ
crop.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1916-05-19
MAKING START WITH SHEEP
Any Of Breeds Suitable 70 Local condl-
lions Are Good-Western Ewes
Make Cheap start.

How many or what kind Of sheep
one should buy TO start with depends
on how one is situated, and whether
the idea is to raise lambs or to feed
out at once.
II the beginner wants TO raise lambs,
fifty or one hundred young ewes would
be plenty for first trial. Any Of the
breeds suitable to your conditions are
good. Western ewes make a cheap
start when bred up with good mutton
rams.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1916-05-19
FARM LEVEL is NEGLECTED
Implement IL Quite Useful In Laying
on Terraces. bitches and Other
Similar Werk.

A farm implement that Is too little
used Is the farm level There is
hardly a farm anywhere in the South
that does not frequently need = level
In laying OF terraces bitches. tile
drains. building sites and other sim
liar work.-The Progressive Farnsr
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1916-05-19
POULTRY BUSTER is USEFUL
Fowls Dust Themselves With GermI-
eide as They Enter or Leave Hen
house-How Il Works.

When in use, this duster is mounted
above the door Of the henhouse or
coop and the hens dust themselves
with germicide as they enter or
leave. There is slot in the bottom
of the hopper which is covered by
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1916-05-19
Poultry buster.

a v-shaped wire mesh funnel. in.
side Of which there is strip Of wire
mesh, extending up into the germi-
eide. When the back Of the hen
moves the funnel, the germicide Is
busted among the feathers iscon-
sin Agriculturist.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1916-05-19
Motor Vehicle for Farm Work.

work and has for its object the provi.
sion of simple. inexpensive vehicle
Of the character specified, having
means adapted to support cultivating
mechanism, and adapted to be driven
by the same motor that drives the
vehicle.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1916-05-19

Production and Size Are the Factors
Determining the Food Requirements
Of Dairy cows-The Amounts Of
Dry Matter and DlgestlbIe Protein
Should Increase In Proportion to
the Production Of Butterfat.
feeding. Each COW must receive in-
dividual attention and be fed accord
ing to her special requirements. 1t is
possible, however, to lessen the labor
incident to regulating the feed supply
in accordance with the requirements
OF the individual cows by adapting a
general grain mixture which will serve
the needs OF most of the cows in the
herd. This may be placed in a cart
and weighed or measured out from
the same to each COW in the stable.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1916-05-19
MOTOR VEHICLE FOR A FARM
Device Invented by Louisiana Men
Has for lie object Simple and
inexpensive Implement.

The Scientific American in illustrat.
ing and describing a motor vehicle,
invented by e. L. Folse and s. E. Rob
ichaux Of Raceland, La, says:
In this case the invention Is an i'm.
provement In motor vehicles for farm
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1916-05-19
REMEDY FOR A SAGGING DOOR
Old Wagon Rod and staple, Arranged
as Shown In Illustration, Will
Prove Satisfactory.

For door that has sagged. writes
job, Reagan OF Minnesota In Nebras-
ka farm Journal, put the ring Of the
rod at the bottom of door and run
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1916-05-19

almost valueless. Worse still. after
the hawk-weed has occupied the land
for few years, II seems to become
sod-bound or selt.poisoned, and begins
to slough or peel on, exposing the soil
to the ruinous action of erosion.
Warning to Pasture Owners.
A warning is, therefore, given to all
persons in the mountain territory to
be on the lookout for this weed and
take energetic measures to suppress
II. After hawk-weed once obtains a
foothold, 1t Is almost impossible. or
at least impractical, to stamp 1t out
completely, but 1t can be kept with.
in reasonable bounds b. little watch
fulness.
The weed can be recognized by its
cluster OF bright yellow flower heads,
somewhat resembling halfopen flower
heads OF the dandelion. These flow.
ers appear early in June, borne on
the tops of slender, almost leafless
stems, four to twelve inches high.
Each stem rises from the center OF
q cluster Of dark green, pointed. hairy
leaves, and II 10 to these leaves that
the plant owes It's destructive quail.
ties. The leaves lie nat en- the ground
in q compact mat. hugging the ground
so closely that nothing can grow be-
tween them. and as the plants are
usually crowded together in patches,
q dense carpet Of the weed Is formed
in which scarcely q spear Of grass TO
mains.
Methods for Control.
When hawk.weed first appears. one
should ride over the pasture and along
the fences on horseback. locating ev-
cry patch. This is easily done when
the weed Is in bloom. A sack and a
hoe should be carried along and evory
patch Of the weed carefully dug I'D
and carried on to be burned. This
will not take long. and II faithfully
attended to every year. there need
be little fear OF hawk-weed. Another
good plan Is to salt the cattle only on
the patches Of hawk-weed, as a heavy
application OF dry salt VIII nearly kin
the hawk-weed. and the licking of the
cattle viii help to wear II out. Above
ell things. do not let the weed go to
seed. for the seeds are equipped with
feathery plumes and scatter far and
wide. II the patches OF hawk-weed
are too large to be dug out or salted.
they should At least be mown early
IN June. Just as the weed is coming
into full bloom. using q sharp scythe
and being careful TO clip OF all OF the
eower stems. n movn once In this
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1916-05-19
Cure for sasslns Door.

the staple through II. Run the 9TH
er end of rod through a block fas-
tened near the top of the door, put on
the burr and tighten.
The border vidette., 1916-02-05
CATTLEMEN AT ALBUQUERQUE
Panhandle Southwestern Cattemen's S
 Association in March.

Albuquerque, N. M.-"Bring Your Rope and Brandin' Iron, We'll Meet you with the "Bull'' at Albuquerque, March 7, 8 and 9th," is the slogan of the Com mercial Club of this city, which is making extensive preparations for the entertainment of the con vention of the Panhandle South western Cattlemen's Association. Six thousand dollars is available as budget for the entertain ments and accommodation pro gram. It is expected that 5000 visitors will attend the cOnven tion including cattlemen from every state in the west and southwest, bankers. commission men and buyers
 The aSSOcia tiOn has grown in mem bership during the past few years to such an extent that it's conventions are among the most important live stock meetings in the country. Five states are now represent ted among the members and the protective feat ureS are appealing to the cattle men so strongly that it will be but & few years before the asso- citation covers most of the west ern country.
 Smokers, boxing bouts, recep- tions and balls will be entertain ment features together with Al burquerque's renown cowboy band and quartette. The City will throw wide it's doors and will keep open house for the visitors.
 It is expected that Amarillo, Oaklahoma City and Fort Worth will send special trains of boost CTS to make a fight for the next convention.