davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1916-06-04

while third arm. with finely grad
uate,l scale, and corresponding on the
board to the location of the gun. gives
the distance of the target from the
point of fire
The observers at the telescopes
thirty seconds later. at the next ring
ing of the bell. give the new angles of
sight; the plotters make new location
of the target on the board, and that
gives the general direction in which
the vessel at tfor that is the ex
pected target is moving. few more
tests, made every thirty seconds, con-
firm or correct the first work The
plotting is usually quite accurate since
n heavy ship, one which provokes
shot from a fourteen-tnch gun. cannot
make a sharp departure from her course
in half minute.
Having determined the distance and
the course the plotters must now re-
solve themselves into prophets and de-
termine not only where the ship Is, but
where she will be a certain time
thereafter That time will be a GER
tain number of seconds used in elevat-
ing the piece to it's firing position and
training or laying it upon the target,
plus the time of night. e., the inter-
val between the discharge of the pro-
iectile and it's arrival at the target
sometimes half minute or more.
The gun before put in position is
pointed as nearly as possible In the
right direction and is given the eleVa-
ton or angle which will carry the pro-
jectile the required distance.
The station of the gun pointer is on
platform so located that when the
gun is in firing position he takes posi-
ton at the telescopic sight which IS
attached to the side of the piece, and
is nearly parallel with its line OF hre
BY motions of the hands he directs the
gun crew who traverse or move the
gun to right or left until the exact
direction Is secured. But certain con-
ditions affect the flight of the pro-
jectile and adjustments have to be
made to compensate for them. One
is the weather condition. The air may
be dense and humid or light and dry.
In one case the passage is retarded.
in the other the projectile flies easily
through the atmosphere to the tar
get. AS this is question of dis
tance the elevation must be heightened
or lowered, as the case may be, to an
extent shown by carefully prepared
tables.
The gun is always fired from higher
level than that of the ship. and the diff
ference varies with the tide. At some
places this is a trifle; at others, where
the rise and fall is thirty or more feet.
it is a serious matter. Correction for
it is made, of course, in the elevation.
No matter how well manufactured
and carefully protected powder may
be- there is a slight difference in the
power of the propelling charge. AS
Evening star., 1916-06-04

target. provided weather and light
conditions always remained the same;
and knowing these things. if the guns
remained absolutely true, and powder
never changed the artillerists would
never miss.
A base line nearly parallel to the
shore. as long as desired. 1000 yards
more, is laid off and measured to
the last fraction of an inch and at
each terminus is placed telescope.
with scale measuring in degrees and
hundredths of degrees its angle in
q. horizontal plane to the base line.
If the two telescopes be simultaneously
pointed at the same object there will
be formed triangle with IL known
base included between two known
angles, and it is a very simple
Evening star., 1916-06-04

bear directly upon the target the gun
itself is pointed slightly to the left or
right, as may be required, of the target.
All the allowances having been
made. the gun having been set at the
right elevation. the gun pointer hav-
ing moved the vertical line in his tele-
scope to the right or the left to make
corrections. the projectile and powder
charge having been sent home. the
breach closed and the primer inserted.
the order is given to put the piece in
firing position. The enormous counter
weight is freed. the bearing arms in
the gun platform begin their move
ment and the gun smoothly mounts to
position. the gun pointer finding the
target through the telescopic sight.
Now, although the telescope is point
Evening star., 1916-06-04

E1HE report of the naval commit
tee of the House of Representa-
tives favors the expenditure of
q $4,000. 600 in new ship con-
struction as a partial preparation for
the defense of the coast, and this
amount would have to he increased by
many more hundreds of millions if it
were not for the coast fortitications.
which constitute the second line of ma
tional defense.
These works at an expense. thus far.
of about $500. 900, 600 have a double pur-
pose-first. the protection of great
coastal cities such as Boston, New
York. Philadelphia. Charleston. New
Orleans Puget sound. Hampton roads
and San Francisco. and of the great
waterways harborS and sheltered land
ing places. and. second. by virtue of
the superiority Of land artillery over
ships they SO thoroughly protect the
weak points that the feet. which other
wise would he dispersed to guard them.
NAV act at sea with its concentrated
mower as the first line of defense
Evening star., 1916-06-04

armor. and will be falling at such an angle
that its point will bite" the hardest pro-
tective deck making thes hell detonate
with serious il not fatal damage to the
ship.
The artillerists know when gun shoves
it's nose over the parapet exactly how
high that point is above the sea level:
If they knew also the exact distance of
the ship they would know the exact ele-
walton of the gun required to throw the
projectile to the target. If they knew
the exact direction of the target they
would know exactly how many degrees
to the right or the left to point the
gun to make the projectile hit the
Evening star., 1916-06-04

against any expeditionary force which
may be dispatched against these shores
with hostile intent
The Importance of power in the first
and second line of defense is that II
they are sufficiently strong the ex-
peditionary force will never start If
they are not so formidable either to
prevent or to defeat threatening force
they may with the help of the mobile
force of the regular army Withstand IN
vasion until armies can be improvised
from the militia and volunteers to
make at least show of resistance
1t is true that there are many places
along the coast where, once the fleet is
overwhelmed, force can, under the
guns of the successful fleet, make
landing: and the scheme of coast de-
fense which does not take TINS INTO
consideration is incomplete
In almost every contest between
land works and ships, unless the for
mer are weak and the latter in over
whelming numbers. the ships are
beaten off. nor are the reasons hard 10
find.
The shore guns are well protected
and concealed. the gun platforms are
steady, the length Of the base used IN
range finding is practically unlimited
.
ships, are employed in the land bat
teries, and with the most destructive
effect Although they will not be dis
cussed in this article. mines and tor
pedoes menace the ships, but cannot be
used against the land works. The only
advantage resting with the naval force
is its mobility, which enables it to at
tack when and at what distance 1t
pleases.
The general scheme of the shore for
tifications of the Atlantic coast is to
place at carefully selected places OF
strategic value such units of coast ar
tillery as will make il impossible for
any hostile naval force to occupy wa
ters within their range of fire.
The fortifcations are of concrete be-
hind earth or sand. impregnable to the
direct fire of the heaviest naval guns
known. The big coast defense guns.
except for a few seconds a firing, and
the nortars remain behind these
works. in positions absolutely protect
ed from the shots OF any guns that can
he fired from shipboard. Zeppelins or
other aircraft might drop bombs upon
them. but. generally spea aking, they are
as safe from shell fire soldier al
the bottom of a trench is from infantry
fire The big rifed guns, which use di-
rect fire against their target, are
mounted on disappearing carriages and
exposed only at the instant Of dis
charge
Evening star., 1916-06-04

telescopes at the ends Of the base line
are concealed carefully so that the enc
mys fire may not search them out. At
each end is a telephone connecting with
the plotting room. and two men are
stationed at each terminus When a
vessel which is to be made a target
appears, each telescope is trained upon
some selected point. perhaps the con-
ming tower, the first smokestack or
turret.
If the observers. who are enlisted
men, have been properly trained they
will follow that vessel perfectly, keep
ing the cross lines in the telescope con-
Evening star., 1916-06-04

far as this can be determined from
occasional tests and its records, this
must be allowed for in the degree of
elevation given to the gun.
The rifing. or spiral grooves within
the lining Of the gun, gives the pro-
jectile a rotary motion which carries 1t
point first and with longer range and
more accurately than it would get
from a smooth bore. but gives it a
slight pull from the direct line. In the
United States guns this pull is always
to the right and must be allowed for
in pointing the gun.
The wind affects the flight, and
must, therefore, be measured to
force and direction. If it blows di-
rectly across the line of fire, it must
be allowed for by the gun pointer; If
Evening star., 1916-06-04

Defense Has Double Supposed Protect
Well
RangeWe
Condition Play otant Part.
Evening star., 1916-06-04

problem in trigonometry to calculate
the distance of the object from any
point of the base line. But the
calculation could not be completed in
the time required to load and point the
gum meantime the target would have
moved.
However, the application of this prin-
ciple in a very practical way enables
the artillerist to determine distance and
direction accurately and in a few sec
ondS. The measured base line passes
Evening star., 1916-06-04

heating. as is the case In many parts
of the country where hatcheries are
located In Washington il is perfectly
feasible to utilize the water as 1t comes
from the city pipes. The water supply
comes from large tank.
Evening star., 1916-06-04

The man receiving the messages sits
before a plotting board. which is mere
ly table with pivoted arms that are
moved along an indicating scale to cor
respond with the measured angles tel
ephoned in from the terminus. The
point where the arms meet gives the
location of the target on the board.
Evening star., 1916-06-04
Sure.

g ECRETARY DANIELS said in a re-
~ cent Y. NJ. C. A. address on indus
try.
Success means hard work, but, then,
failure means harder"
Evening star., 1916-06-04

ed exactly at the target, the gun is not.
1t is elevated at such an angle that the
projectile, if its line of flight were
straight, would pass mile or two
over the object, 1t is not aimed at the
ship, but at the point where 1t is ex-
pected to be half a minute or so later.
with allowance for DETECTION by rea-
son of rife twist and the force of the
wind.
Yet, so accurately do the men plot
the course. so carefully are the allow
ances for detection made and SO skill
ed are the gun pointers, that within
$4,000 yards a miss in direction of a
steamer coming bow on is seldom
made. Nearly all the misses are in dis
tance, not on account of errors in CAL
culations or adjustment. but due to the
physical fact that no sunfire is con-
stant in this respect.
An elevation of As degrees gives the
greatest firing range to gun. and the
fire from that or any lower elevation is
called direct fire. because the smashing
power of the impact comes directly
Evening star., 1916-06-04

stantly on the target. At signal
given by the ringing of a bell, each
stops his telescope and his assistant
reads on the scale before him the angle
which the line Of sight forms with the
base line. and telephones it to the plot
ting room.
Evening star., 1916-06-04

From the shore the artillerists have a
whole ship for a target, and while the
ships have the whole continent to fire
at. about the only military damage they
can accomplish is the dismounting Of the
guns. II they adopt range close enough
TO fire with accuracy upon them when
elevated to firing position. they must ex-
Evening star., 1916-06-04

directly toward or from the gun the
elevation must be increased or les
sened, and If it blows diagonally
across the range there must be COM
pensation in both elevation and direc-
ton.
But the most important allowances
for distance and direction are yet to be
made. After the course of the ship has
been determined they plot her prob
able course for a period usually some
thing less than a minute ahead. Know
ing the velocity Of the projectile and
the distance Of the target atblet gives
the time Of flight, to which is added
the time necessary to put the gun in
position, aim and discharge it. perhaps
ten or fifteen seconds Compensation
in both elevation and direction must
he allowed to meet the movement of
the vessel up to the instant the pro-
jectile reaches it.
These allowances or compensations
Evening star., 1916-06-04

against any expeditionary force which
may be dispatched against these shores
with hostile intent.
The central record. (Lancaster, Ky.) 18??-current, 1916-11-23

guests OF Mr and Mrs Emmit Long.
Saturday night.
Mr. and Mrs Otto Simpson and little
daughter. Juanits. were guests of Mr.
and Mrs Tom Chestnut.
Mrs n. X Bogle and her mother. Mrs
Sebastian, were guests Of Mrs T.. Il.
Ray and family. Sunday.
Messrs W. b. Grow and f. b. Ray
were guests Of Mr. Joe PIERCE and fam
lily Thursday and Friday.
Mr. and Mrs c. j. Ray and daughter,
Lorraine. spent the day with Mr. and
Mrs Luther Rainey. Sunday.
Quite a number from here attended
the surprise party given in honor Of
Mr. Everett Sebastian at the home OF
his father near Nina Monday evening
The central record. (Lancaster, Ky.) 18??-current, 1916-11-23

A. j. Rice and family who attended
the Baptist Association have returned.
The Teachers Training class will meet
at the church Saturday morning at 10
O'Clock, on account OF Rev. Mahsn hav-
ing an engagement with his church at
Mt Hebren.
Mrs Betsy Kemper Of Kansas City
will arrive soon 70 make an extended
visit to XIV. friends. She will be the
guest most Of the time Of Miss Susan
X. Sutton while here.
Master r. T.. the bright son of Mr.
and Mrs Edmond sutton, recently re-
ceived second prize, STA, on new
piano or n player, from the Peoples
Magazine for working n puzzle.
Miss Lula Simpson accompanied by
Miss Elizabeth Simpson, left Monday
for ousvile for consultation with
her physician. The friends Of Miss
Lula are glad to note the Improvement
in her health in the last few weeks.
A most beautiful life was closed last
Tuesday morning, November l4th,
when Mrs Thomas O'Hearn passed to
her blessed reward at her home on the
Lexington road A life Of faith. hope
and charity was hers in the highest
sense. Her untimely death fell as a
crushing blow on her loved ones. for
altho she mad been a sufferer of rheu-
matism since last May, and during the
summer her recovery was almost de-
SPARED Of. but for the past few weeks
her condition seemed so much improved
! that loved ones thought and hoped her
place in the home would be filed for
| many months TO come. Mrs. O'Hearn
was born Dec %. 1853. at Maysville
where she resided until her marriage
Feb. %, 1873. To this union were born
twelve children, six sons and six daugh-
tiers, alfof whom she saw grow into
beautiful manhood and womanhood.
Two of the daughters have preceded
the mother to brighter home. Be-
sides her husband and ten children, Mrs
John Steele. Tim and Leo O'Hearn Of
Louisville, MrsWm. Hickey of Maysville,
Margaret. Nellie. John. Thomas. Chas,
and Bernard who are at home with the
father. she is survived by her mother,
Mrs Katherine Desmond of Maysville,
two sisters. Mrs. Will Jobst and Mrs.
Patrick Peters. and two brothers, ID.
l.. and j. b. Desmond She was truly
Catholic. was most patient in her suf-
ferings and prayed Gods Holy will be
done. She received all Rites of the
church After funeral services at home
Thursday morning by Father Shuttle Of
Richmond. she was laid to rest in the
Lancaster cemetery.
The central record. (Lancaster, Ky.) 18??-current, 1916-11-23
MARkSBURY

Mrs Jas Turner was at the bedside of
her sister. who is III. last week.
Mr. John Rovston has been visiting
Mr. Jonah Marsee on Stanford pike.
billy, the two year old son of Mr.
and Mrs Frank Higgins has been sick
Mr. Luther Burdette and family spent
Sunday with Mrs Bryant at Lancaster.
Miss Dooin Of Somerset is the at
tractive guest Of her cousin. Miss Ola
Doolin.
Miss Margaret Dotv has returned
from recent visit 10 Mrs Rout of
Paint Lick.
Rev and Mrs j. w. Mahan and Mr..
The central record. (Lancaster, Ky.) 18??-current, 1916-11-23

Mrs Mary Burton and Mr. Jas Burton
are visiting Mr. and Mrs Carl MAY in
Cincinnati.
Messrs Ambrose and George Calico
were at Gilesd Saturday for the call
meeting Of the church there. Rev. A.
c. Baird was called as pastor for the
coming year.
Miss Jessie b. Ray was guest at a
party gwen in honor Of Mr. Evarett Sc
bastian at the home Of his father. Mr.
Thompson Sebastian. near Nina last
Monday evening.
Mr. and Mrs Ebert Calico, MIR and
Mrs Forest Calico. Misses Hazel and
Clara Calico. Mrs Davis Sutton. Messrs
VIM Stormes and Frank Conn were
guests af Mr. Ambrose Calico and fam
ily Sunday.
The central record. (Lancaster, Ky.) 18??-current, 1916-11-23
TEATERSVILLE

Miss Jewel Prewitt was the week e., nj
.uest Of Mr. u l. rrcwltt.
Mr. and Mr. Crede simpson were WIS.,
ltors Of Mr and Mrs Sam Schooler.
Mr. u. s. Long and family were
guests % Mrs Susie Broadus. SATURDAY.
Mr. Kemp Walker and family were
the guests Of Mrs Julis Walker Sunday
MIR Lee pendleton and family were
nguests OF Mr. and Mrs Bronson Locker.
ndaY.
Misses lnez and jessie B. Ray were
Mssts Of Mrs Walter Grow last Mon
day night
5 Mr. and Mrs Flute Turner were the
The central record. (Lancaster, Ky.) 18??-current, 1916-11-23
9th day of Nov 1916

n rnE CLOSE or BUSINESS on THE
The central record. (Lancaster, Ky.) 18??-current, 1916-11-23
GUMS CHAPEL.

John Land purchased calf from
Mr. Thompson Davis.
Misses Zula and Matte Calico were
guests of Miss Maude Teater.
Mr. Burton Durham of Madison was
a guest of Mr. Ed Daily Sunday.
Thompson Davis purchased three fat
hogs from Mr. Hiram RAY at 81 cents.
The central record. (Lancaster, Ky.) 18??-current, 1916-11-23
Report of the Condition
or THE-
PEOPLES BANK

doing business at the town Of Paint Lick,
County Of Garrard. State of Kentucky,
AT TINS CLOSE or BUSINESS oN THE
The central record. (Lancaster, Ky.) 18??-current, 1916-11-23
Report Of the Condition
OF TIE
Garrard Bank & Trust CO

Bank doing business ~ Lancaster
County Of Garrtrd. State Of Kentucky,
At THE CLOSE OF BUSINESS ON TIE
The central record. (Lancaster, Ky.) 18??-current, 1916-11-23
LIABILITIES:

State Of Kentucky, County OF Garrard set
We. T.. l.. Woods. and K. g. Woods, lresl-
dent aud Cashier Of the above named BANK
do solemnly swear that the above state
ment struc 10 the best Of our knowledge aud
belief r. L. WOODS, President.
RIG. WOODS. Cashier.
subscribed aud sworn 10 before me this lith
day OF Nov 1919.
Clay Rlaktman. Notary Public
Ny Commission Expires Feb, 1915.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-06-20
LAY CORNERSTONE.
COMMUNITY HOME.
Ceremony Will Take Place
Next Sunday Mayor Over
hOISer to Speak.

Nr B D 1or... rr' 0don' NJ in,
DommuH uub or oklahoma rIu NIl
De-. lH, cornerstone 'or the community
Ious. tu 10, rr,rnI through A.. r''oris
On. Boo. Organization HnI &c.. V N H
lun. ur,iu, ~ tuo lI'luw Duua''g1-
Uurd 'Hu.rn The ,srrmnr. N.u take
g. r. u'NI suudH, afternoon .' . O'clock
IH, u,N community home vll ho 'o-
rlrd ~ WBlNr aud N1p'' streets
"aNur u,run'r. vlI dcu,,I 900 od.
uit..
unN irN hundred drIlar. arr NOW
hlNur lp rr.Ur, ,Umrirrru NJ the .''ur-
u'r r. h luus. prominent nn man
r naahami CuN. Ra, onc of ~, mot
IH'Iel .Wuiaulr. foo 'hr nWning uui
goo m. given nnn
Isrt,rI0H lo- INr foundation o. nou
under Nl' .ud ,lr rrrh expects io nave
In' r"W. completed hffrr, Vlutol
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-06-20

motives In Its diplomatic relations NJ
has countenanced the activities OF Amer
icsn symps,hizers and the American
press opposed TO tho d. facto government
| am Glad most emphatically to deny ~
II is, however. matter of common
knowledge that the Mexican press has
been more active than tho press IN th'
United States In endeavoring TO inflam'
the two peoples against each other ana
to force the two countries into hoHIli.
ties
Expresses Regret at Tone
The note At the outset eXnress"' 'ur.
price and regret at the tone Of IN" com
munlcation from the Catan@ govern.
ment and recount' briefly the many
atrocities that have led up to the pros
ont situation
American carrsons loNo ncon o.
tucked ~ night. Nm"uHu soldiers r'll''
and their equipment ana horses stolen
American ranch haze .''n Iiidrd
property stolen and DESTROYED ana
Amen pu trains wrc.n'd nnd plum.
u,r.d the motto HN
Mo Other Recourse.
I'm M, ncc or ur.r d'p.edillons not
only ON American l.ra HUd property "'
Npiran -ou nur ou \m.r.n soldiers
citizens snd huuYs ou NW''l rn '"Hu
tor,. the p,Up'tuiofs u' which Genera
CatranA vas unable. Ur possibly r"n
,dercd inld,ishblo. to Hppr"h"nd, n
punish. tho Tinted states I'D uo te
course other than lo rmplov force ~ dis
pcr-c the bands NJ Nr,'nn outlaws
who we're with n,reasIng OoincHs. ayt
...
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-06-20

county court, Juass l~ick ,ls,sd this
mnrning no iuy ,ssss rrohsbl, would
n- tiied In me- ,nui prlief hsn SEP.
nmh'' fhr COUNTY pu.r hoslf. -
viI.h Judge Isi'k s member. sl
meet JUS sud hs iu sss.ien most II
~, month
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-06-20
Tabloid News @N
| fer Busy FolkA,H

cAEHAIIs ENTERTAINED ST. bud
Nr T. Richard tsfhau Who sefs ~
cent, mtriird boo N's Norb Hrd lfe on
their hone moon Verc eutsttatned ~ ihc
,ounip club ~ rol,io 4'uh %, Mr md
Mrs T. ~ Harper ON S,turdHs' evening
Mr Hmprr s f.ls. manager ot the
WiIbt.u,sfhui rumr,r, The oclsfiou
vns Nr rirhatis hifthda, and the sf.
hir We uus ~ the .tses' social events
e,ir given ~ m, Toledo ,ouuiN riuh.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-06-20
Littlr.Juden ID. & Go.
SUCCESSORS TO
TheFair
SIZES 3 TO o
SIZES 5 TO n

$3.50 and Snj Palm Reach and
cool Cloth, suit, S2i
$500 Palm Beach and Cool cloth
suit, $3.50.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-06-20

cider nv vsrinur nhlahoms city dosisrs
viii ~ heEuu iod, b, ~" county
Tweut, three samples ~ cider said ~
poufniU hlah psTctuleas NJ alcohol sill
bs used D., Tho count, Js evidence
EnrrAruES pIsMlSSLu Three
NaiI trnuol principals were dismistei
Hrd Nst riut Nc lindss. iindrr-
ssrsu usrurtor dropped from the rolls
NJ the Okluhoris Dii, schools ~ me.i
rg ~ ihr hcsfd NJ education lzsi night
n " Fsr,, was fs.eis,ied sscfs'af, ~
the hoard and Mfs Msrl barr Nsnos'
nphsr
VrprilL FTTrNN, " r"o'h M'
rf ss,issut isdetsl district Huofrs,
hfs returned from . short visit to rs~ .
n. A, ON official busln''s
WEANrR AND EEpWN GONE Roth
rfuds Weaver. ppstmssitr aud ilmor
thrown. "a, t,'sr NJ M, thpirhcr "
Commerce orc in Indianapolis. Ind
.I,, thr, UIl .ppenf sR Vunossef u
federal count pra.r.t o. 70 Rail 'urm~'
Dsshow, CuN f'tl estate man
rrNrlr uIlcIrNcY rilP rN'
Uurfr rfrrrr,, club plll hold %, trs.
uHf rrrlns tonight o. llork W ihs
.ou.'toom ~ tho corporation rrmmi,iinn
Tho o'fl,.u So ugug 900 Wemhef' ID
DO present
urN cNsIs Il>lsuru. WIN rt.t
H,aI. 100 w.v F's dIuo'si ~ in ~.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-06-20
Al silk Shirting 79c

Twenty patterns ~
the dollar grade all
coiurs ~ satin Stripes
on white ground fn,t
cuIur- >cryircIhlc.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1916-06-20
Georgettc Crepe 81 ~

t'UI p'li' 'l'V' SLOW
White. navy Rus
sian lavender gray
rose Copenhagen ~
inches Wide II 90
quality