davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1916-09-28
INTEREST IN ROAD BUILDING
Until Farmer; Becomes Owner Of Mo-
tor Car He Is Apt to Be conserva.
tive on Highway Question.

Never, perhaps, has there been so
much interest taken in road building
as is being taken now. This Is
caused largely by the automobile. Just
in proportion as the number of auto.
mobiles increases the interest in road
building increases.
Until he becomes the owner Of an
automobile the farmer is apt to be
mighty conservative on the question
Of roads, says the Farmers Mail
and Breeze. Often he objects OF the
ground that making good roads in
creases his taxes and only affords a
pleasure way for the automobile Joy
riders. AS soon, however, as he be-
comes the owner Of an automobile, he
becomes a gooo roads booster and
has little patience with the man who
talks against good roads.
We are, however, learning q lot
about building roads and still have a
good deal to learn. It looks now as
II the concrete road might be the last
word in road building and prove in
the long run to be the cheapest road
that can be built. Finally, however,
1t is quite possible that the flying ma
chine will reach such a state Of perfec-
ton that flying machines will be as
common as automobiles are now, and
the need for roads for pleasure riding
will be greatly lessened.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1916-09-28
SUGGESTIONS MADE
FOR TESTING MILK
Sample Should Be Taken Quickly
in Order to Get Correct Test
Plan Outlined.
(By C.. p. UNwIN, Oklahoma Expert.
ment Station,)

10y ~ Z. CEN I'm, ohAoiiOIiAo CApGih-
ment Station.)
Testing milk Is the process Of find
ing the amount Of butterfat it con-
tains. In order to make an accurate
test a correct. sample must be taken
in this manner: The milk should be
poured from n vessel to another and
the sample quickly taken, for II the
sample is not taken at once, more or
less cream will rise, and a sample
would not be correct.
After getting the sample for testing
the next step would be to measure IT'S
&C with the milk pipette into the milk
bottle, and then add about the same
amount of sulphuric acid, depending
or the strength of the acid. The spe-
,cifc gravity Of the acid should be 1872
to 1888 for the best results.
The acid should be added with the
acid cylinder, revolving the bottle
while adding the acid. Mix acid and
milk by rotary motion. Place them in
tester SO that the machine is balanced.
Run the machine for about five min.
utes. Then add hot water until the fat
rises into the neck of bottles. Then
run the tester about two minutes and
add enough water so the fat has risen
above the zero mark on the neck Of
the bottle. The bottle may then be
read by using a pair of dividers to
measure the fat column.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1916-09-28
CULTIVATION OF TREES
Henry Ward eeeeher, Fifty Years Ago,
Sought to Awaken New England
To- to Its Possibilities.

Henry Ward Beecher in Norwood"
so years ago, said: II have often mar
veled that, in a time Of such taste and
liberality, 10 little should be done
with trees. New England might be a
magnificent park, with but a slight ex-
pense, II only one dedicated himself to
doing good through the love of beauty.
Every great road, every by.road, con-
Meeting towns and villages, or neigh
borhoods, II concert was secured,
might not only be ,judiciously plant
ed, but, by a little study and care in
the selection, all the fine trees might
in time be employed until every
ty would become an arb0retum. Such
is the spirit Of emulation that II a
single town should perfect this work,
other towns would catch the inspira-
ton, and the work would go on with
energy until all unclothed road would
become a r%eproach."
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1916-09-28

and pour some oil on the roads the
thing would be. done and our trouble
would be over. While We are Of the
opinion that, If rightly done, oiling
would be a great help. we are equally
Of the opinion that II not rightly done
it will simply be a waste of money,
writes T. T. Smith Of Montgomery
county, Illinois, in Farmers Review.
To begin with, the road must be
SO shaped that water cannot stay on
it; It must be SO graded up in the
center and the bitches so opened at
the sides that the water will run of
quickly, and it must be kept in this
shape, or oiling will be Of very little
use. In fact, II we would only do the
work necessary to fit the roads for
oiling, we would have fairly good
roads-such roads as could be used
by an automobile most Of the time.
We haven't read, of or heard Of an
expert on the oiling question but who
says that before oiling the roadbed
must be put in proper shape and after
oiling it must be kept in shape. II
this is not done we will be disap-
pointed in the Job. While we yield to
no one in the desire for better roads,
we are not very sanguine about oiling
under present conditions. Judging by
the work done by the majority Of COM
missioners of highways, we have grave
doubt about It's advisability and we
wish to repeat If we will only put the
roads in proper condition and keep
them in that condition, we will have
good roads without oiling.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1916-09-28
RAISE RAPE FOR PAsTURAGE
Splendid Feed for Sheep and Hogs
Good Use Can Be Made Of the
Temporary Fences.

Rape is q splendid feed for sheep
and hogs as we'll. 1t is usually pas,
tured. but when the acreage is small
and one wishes to get the most from
the crop, it is cut and fed to the
stock and then when it grows up
again, is pastured.
Rape is generally broadcasted in the
early spring on well prepared ground
at the rate Of five pounds of seed per
acre. When the plants r about eight
inches high turn the sheep into the
field. Most pasturage a be OBJ
tanned if temporary fences are used
to allow only a part Of the field to
be pastured at q time.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1916-09-28
lEARMk
Sn0QK
GIVE BOAR GOOD ATTENTION
Az He Natures, Litters Will BE Strong
er and Iarusr-kesp Him Sep
arated From the SoWa

It Ia not best to let the boar run
with the rest Of the herd. 1t is too
common = practice to sell the boar
when the seeso is ove This IL
largely the cause OF SO many small
filters and weakboned pigs. 1t is best
to get a good boar, and keep him for
q few years, and as he natures his
pigs will be stronger and filters larger.
Have a small yard Of grass II possi-
BILE. hog.tight and away from the sows,
so he will not be worried. A quarter
of an acre will afford plenty OF exer-
else in the open air. When grass IL
not available, give him cut clover or
any other good green feed that he will
eat.
Feed sparingiy of fattening feeds.
but give him feed that will keep him
growing II he is not fully developed.
Mill stuff. skim milk. clover. alfalfa
or anything that furnishes protein Ia
advisable. At all times keep a supply
of ashes, salt and charcoal where. he
can obtain It at will. 1t will do much
toward keeping him In good health.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1916-09-28
POINTS IN SEEDING
ALFALFA FOR STAND
Soil Is Flowed in Spring or Fall
and Lined If Necessary
Keep Weeds Down.

For the beginner seeding the alfalfa
alone gives the best results. The soil
Is plowed in the fall or early spring
and lined II necessary. Then the field
is disked and narrowed often enough
up to the list of June or July to clean
the land of weeds.
On average fields this weed killing
process need not be continued later
than the first week in June, but with
a weedy soil 1t is we'll to harrow and
disk until July or August. The field
is then inoculated and the alfalfa
seeded at not less than 20 pounds per
acre.
With q favorable season one crop
or two crops of hay are sometimes
secured before September I, but this
is entirely dependent on the rainfall
and soil conditions.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1916-09-28
Robin
(Pianestieus misratorius)

Length, ten inches.
Range: Breeds In the United States
Except the gulf states), Canada,
Alaska and Mexico: winters in most
Of the United States and south to
Guatemala.
Habits and economic status: In the
North and som parts of the West the
robin is among the most cherished OF
our native birds. Should 1t ever be-
come rare where now common. its
joyous summer song and familiar
presence will be sadly missed in many
. homestead. The robin is an omnivor-
BUS feeder. and its food includes many
orders of insects, with no very pro-
nounced preference for any. 1t is very
fond Of earthworms. but its real eco
nomic status is determined by the
vegetable food, which amounts to
about IS per cent Of all. The prin-
cipal item is fruit. which forms more
than 81 per cen Of the total food.
The fact that In the examination OF
over 1900 stomachs the percentage
Of wild fruit was found to be Eve
times that Of the cultivated varieties
suggests that be%rry-bearing shrubs. il
planted near the orchard. will serve
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1916-09-28

1A&S
oI@S
FIRES AND TOWN PLANNING
Many Instances May Be Cited Whore
Little Foresight Would Have
Saved Much Money.

Paris, Tex, which recently jumped
into notice because fire destroyed the
greater part of the town, is busy with
plans for rebuilding according to a
Systematic town plan. A town planner
has been imported, and when Paris
rises from its ashes It will be q better
built and more convenient town to get
around in than 1t yer was before. If
what is accomplished comes up to the
expectation of the people.
The people of Paris show a remark.
able spirit when they are able to sur
vey their ruined town and still have
mind and foresight left to think Of
town planning along modern lines; but
the chances Of success would have
been better If the plan had been
evolved before the fire, when Paris
had more time for deliberation and a
gradual u%pbuilding of public sentiment.
When the village Of Detroit was re-
planned, more than a century ago.
after a fire that burned every building
in the place. mistakes were made that
plh6Ao lilo Cily ", lAAo udy. Suu cAoA-
cisco ignored its great opportunity q
decade ago. II Chicago had had q
town plan back in the seventies Chi
Cages present planning problems
might not be half so formidable, and in
this country of big fires any city may
have its melancholy chance to make
new street lines or lay out new parks
over its ashes.
The remoteness of the chance that a
conflagration will visit any city may
seem to make this consideration but a
weak argument for town planning, but
1t is not necessary to burn a whole
town down to give the well-matured
town plan a chance. In Cleveland not
many years ago the burning Of q sin.
gle building gave the city an oppor-
tunity to make an extremely valuable
street extension in the downtown dis
trict. If that particular extension had
not been in the public mind for a long
while the chance might have been
overlooked and a heavy bill for a
wrecked building would have been the
result when the street was finally
Npened.-Chicago Herald.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1916-09-28

Not infreQuently, indeed, its song ID
taken for that Of its o famed cou.
sin. the mocking bird. 1t Is partial
to thickets and gets much OF its food
from the ground. Its search for this
Is usually accompanied by much
scratching and scattering OF leaves;
whence its common name. Its call
note is 4 sharp sound like the smack.
ing of lips, which Is useful in identity.
ing this ~long-tailed. Understanding
bird. which does not much relish close
scrutiny. The brown thrasher is not
so fond Of fruit as the catbird and
mocker, but devours a much larger
percentage of animal food. Beetles
form one-half OF the animal food,
grasshoppers and crickets one-ffth.
caterpillars. including cutworms, some
what less than one-ifth, and bugs.
spiders, and millipeds comprise most
Of the remainder. The brown thrash
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1916-09-28
Practical Breeding Crate.

county, Ohio, in Farm and Home. It
meets these demands with but slight
adjustments.
The bridge serves as we'll to close
up the real end in combining an ami
NAL and by inserting in varied slots
readily admits the use Of different
sizes of animals in breeding. The
false floor which hangs upon hooks
over the Stats makes a support for
small animals in the crate and also
is used as a top in shipping. Hook
and eye devices hold the top and cal
bridges together in transportation.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1916-09-28

By A. 8. NEALE, In Charge Of silo Con-
struction, Extension Division. Kansas
State Agricultural College.)
During the past year a great many
pit silos have been built in western
Kansas. This type Is suitable only to
semiarid or arid sections. There Is q
large proportion of the territory lying
between the ninety.ninth meridian and
the Sierra Nevada mountains that Is
suitable for the construction of these
silos. East OF the ninety.ninth meri-
dian they should not be built except In
very rare locations, where the land Is
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1916-09-28
FEEDING THE IDLE HORSES
High-Prieed Feeds Should be Avoided
In Order to Keep Animals In
Best Condition.

In the feeding of idle horses the
hfgh.priced feeds should be avoided
in order to keep them in proper con
dition at the lowest cost. It has been
found that idle horses do very we'll or
a winter feed consisting Of all the
hay. oat straw, cornstalks or sorghums
they will consume. SO that little grain
Is necessary. Idleness also permits
Of a more thorough mastication Of the
feed, thus ~insuring proper digestion.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1916-09-28

resistive capability. and. as It were.
lets down the ~drawbridge and makes
way for the enemy. In seasons Of cpl
demic, therefore. 1t is necessary to cul-
tiyate tranquility and cheerfulness. to
learn not to fear, and to surround one
self with an atmosphere Of personal,
mental. and physical defiance Of dan.
gers.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1916-09-28
sHehtIy Repaired.

As the tourist walked along q quiet
Highland road he saw q cottager chop
ping wood with a very ancient looking
az. That's surely an old Ratchet you
have there" he began. "Ay. It IT," re-
piled the cottager. pausing in his Ia
bors. Aimee It belanged to the great
Sir William Wallace himself" I'm
deed" exclaimed the tourist in u /.
prise. Il should not have thought It
was as old as that" "Aweel." came the
cautious reply. "ye ken it's had twa
new heids and Tower new haun'les sin
then."-Answers, London.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1916-09-28
Roses for Oregon School Yards.

ROSES TOT oregon ochoot Yaroos
Many Oregon school yards that have
been without flowers will blossom
with roses in a year or two. and others
that have not been altogether stran-
gers to roses will have more Of them,
II $500 hardy little bushes that are
to be sent out from the university gar
dens this spring manage to survive
the trials Of being transplanted. Each
spring at pruning time thousands Of
rose slips cut from the bushes on the
university campus are planted for dis.
tribution the following spring to high
schools Of the state, to public build
ings, libraries, hospitals and other
suitable institutions. From twelve to
twenty bushes are sent in each pack
aQe.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1916-09-28
ROADS IN PROPER CONDITION
oilIng, II Not Rightly Done, VIII Sim
ply 30 q Waste Of Money-Muss
Be Cared For.

On nearly every hand we hear the
cry, "Oil the roads" why doesn't
someone oil the roads and get rid Of
this terrible mud and slush that we
are compelled to travel through so
large a part OF the year," There
seem to be some who think that II
our roads were just oiled mostlof u
troubles, so far as the roads are con-
cerned. would be a thing of the past.
Many of them seem to think that II
the road bosses would only 60 out
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1916-09-28

The garden house illustrated here is
complete and needs vines only for en-
bellishment. A skeleton roof of rafters
only, no sheeting or shingles, could
be put up and covered with vines, max
ing an arbor rather than a house. Seats
may be built in or movable benches or
chairs used.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1916-09-28
Crow BIackbird
I0ulaealua auiseulal

Length, twelve inches. Shorter by
at least. three inches than the other
grackles with trough-shaped tails.
Black. with purplish. blush. and
bronze reflections.
Range: Breeds throughout the
United States west to Texas, Colorado.
and Montana, and in southern Can.
ada: winters in the southern half Of
the breeding range.
Habits and economic status: This
,blackbird is a beautiful species, and is
well known from its habit Of congre-
eating in city parks and nesting there
year after year. Like other species
which habitually assemble in great
docks. It is capable Of iniicting much
damage on any crop It attacks. and
where it is harmful a tudicious re-
duction Of numbers is probably sound
policy.
It shares with the crow and blue jay
the evil habit OF pillaging the nests Of
small birds Of eggs and young. New
ertheless it does much good by de-
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1916-09-28
FIRST INDICATION OF scouRs
Feed Should BE Immediately Cut to
one-Halfthe Usual Amount-GIvs
Dose Of FormaiTn. .

The nrs sign Of indigestion scours
is q fou1-smelling dung. The feed
should be Immediately cut to one.half
the usual amount. For two or three
feeding periods add a tablespoonful
per pint Of milk fed of a mixture OF
one.half ounce formalin in 1876 ounces
water. After two or three feeding pc
RODS the milk may be again increased
to the regular amount.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1916-09-28

depth desired, keeping the wall per.
pendicular and smooth, and plastering
with cement plaster to a thickness of
three.fourths to one inch over the
dirt. These silos can in most cases
be built at a total cost of not to ex-
coed 800 per ton capacity for labor
and materials, and when properly con.
structed In suitable locations, are per-
>manent.
They cannot be constructed accord
ing to the above plan where the soil
is so sandy that 1t will not stand up.
In such cases 1t is necessary to put in
q retaining wall Of masonry, the ex.
pense of which will usually be as
much as the construction of a silo
above ground.
These pit silos are not only very
economical to build, but they can be
filed very cheaply, as only light en-
gines and cutters are necessary for
this purpose. They are particularly to
be recommended for the small isolated
farmer Of the great plains region, who
wishes to own his silo-flling machin-
cry. and whose available capital is linn
tied. To take the silage out a hoist
ing apparatus, either a swinging crane
or an overhead track is used, lifting the
silage in a container with a hinged
bottom, so that the feed may be Dump
ed into a wagon box or silage distrib-
utor, as desired. In cases where an
overhead track is used, the feed may
be taken directly from the container
and placed before the animals. The
experience Of farmers who have been
using the pit also is very satisfactory,
and this will undoubtedly be the prin.
cipal type Of silo built in the future
in the semiarid sections.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1916-09-28
Value Of Good Roads.

Most people recognize the value Of
good roads. The only thing that keeps
us from having good roads every
where is the cost and with a few
miles of good roads made each year
this country will SOC be favored with
a system Of roads that will be in keep.
ing with the wealth and prosperity OF
the country.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1916-09-28
BREEDING CRATE FOR SWINE
Device 10 Easily Transported and Ia
Splendid Combination for Carry
ing or Ringing.

A splendid crate for handling swine
and for use as a breeding crate is
made according to the accompanying
drawing. Amy ordinary light material
may be used. 1t is easily transported
and is q combination for carrying or
ringing and adjustable to both large
and small boar or SOW In mating,
writes George w. Brown of Hancock
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1916-09-28

Bile. Fifteen per cent Of the %bobwhite's
food is composed of insects. includ-
ing several Of the most serious pests
Of agriculture. 1t feeds freely upon
Colorado potato beetles and chinch
bugs; It devours also cucumber bee
ties. wireworms. billbugs. clover-leaf
weevfls. cotton.boll weevils. <army
worms. bollworms. cutworms, and
Rocky mountain locusts. Take 1t all
in all, bobwhfte is very useful to the
farmer. and while 1t may not be neces-
sary to remove 1t from the list Of
game birds every farmer should see
that his W farm is not depleted by
eager sportsmen.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1916-09-28
Keen Horse Comfortable.

NSSP EIV'oS
The horse that is compelled to fight
flies continually cannot get in a full
days work, or at least II It does there
Is loss in stamina which eventually
tells on the life-work Of the animal.
Neither can 1t do its best with an i'll
fitting harness. The horse that Ia
comfortable and in good spirits is the
one which makes the record.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1916-09-28
BobWhne
(colinus v~irainianus)

(Coiinus virointanuS)
Length, ten inches. Known every.
where by the clear whistle that sug-
gests its name.
Range: Resident in the United
States east of. the plains; introduced
in many places in the West.
Habits and economic status: The
bobwhite is loved by every dweller in
the country and is better known to
more hunters in the United States
than any other game bird. 1t is no
less appreciated IN the table than in
the field. and in many states has In
questionably been hunted too closely.
Fortunately it seems to be practicable
to propagate the bird in captivity.
and much is to be hoped for in this
direction. Half the food Of this quail
consists of weed seeds. almost a fourth
of grain. and about a tenth Of wild
fruits. Although thus eating grain.
the bird gets most Of 1t from stub
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1916-09-28
Fresh Water for PIGS.

Keeping a generous supply Of fresh
water at hand for the young pigs is
important. This can be easily done
II an automatic fountain is used. The
bedding should be clean and dry even
II the weather is warm. Dipping the
pigs occasionally, and disinfecting the
quarters frequently will prevent dis
ease.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1916-09-28
EArtiIizar

The proper material to mix with
manure is acid phosphate, as this
serves to fix the ammonia, instead Of
liberating it and also re-enforces the
manure with phosphorus. which is
the element most needed by most
soils.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1916-09-28
Brown Ttrasher
(Toxostoma rufUm)

Length. about eleven inches. Brown.
fish red above. heavily streaked with
black below.
Range: Breeds from the gulf states
10 southern Canada and west to Col
orado, Wyoming and Montana; win
tiers in the southern half Of the east
ern United States.
Habits and economic status: The
brown thrasher Is more retiring than
either the mocking bird or catbird.
hut like them Is a splendid singer.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1916-09-28
Fssr Causes Disease.

An eminent medical authority once
made the statement that a great deal
Of contagion Is due largely to nervous
apprehension and fear. Terror causes
radical changes in the secretions and
nerve cells, and while the POSSIBLE
Nv 4 NOT the direct cause Of disease.
a certainly II sufficient to put the per.
. in the proper condition to be at
tackled BY the prevailing maiady. 1t
q : we'll understood fact that exces-
sive nGe infuses . toxic element
into the secretions. Fear destroys the