Imperial Valley press., 1916-11-27
NEWLIGHT THROWN
I NONLOCAL HISTORY

oxen, plow and other tools, five.
two mares. five hens and cock, and
additional lands were to be given to
settlers who would build water
wheels. The settler must add two
brood sows to his livestock every year,
as they were arpticularly valued for
t.leir services in destroying reptiles
and locusts.
The crown revenues of California,
Calvez provided, should come from:
The sale of dispensations, until his
time unknown in California tribute
fiom the natives, new settlers and
transients; income from the pearl
fisheries, and income from the mo-
nopolies of gunpowder, stamped pa
per, mercury, tobacco and playing
cards. Cigarettes were to be sold at
>ne real (an eighth of peso, or a
"bit') per box, and playing cards at
y reals per pack.
But prosperity was slow in coming.
In single year fevers and measules
laid low thousand Indians. There
V as revolt among some of the Indian
neophytes, who chafed under the re-
strictions of mission life after being
transplanted from their native wilds
o. the north.
The attempt to colonize the Califor-
MAS was full of heroic difficulties.
Luring the $50 years after the time
of Cortez, score or more of attempts
to colonize Lower California had re-
Quilted in nothing, largely because they
hao depended primarily on the hope
of quick riches from mines and pearls.
But Galvez brought about civil popu-
alton and the establishment of per-
ranent agricultural and stock raising
communities. His hopes for large pro-
ductive revenues from Lower Califor-
MIA were disappointed, but his work
resulted in the permanent occupation
Of Upper California, vastly more ia
orable for settlement than the desert
and mountain land of Lower Califor-
MIA.
This account of the whole American
career of the great Spanish minister,
Jose de Galvez, is the fifth volume
Of the important series of "Univer-
sity of California Publications in His
tory" issued by the University du-
ring the past three years, under the
editorship Of Professor Henry Morse
Stephens and Professor Herbert Eu-
gene Bolton. The liberality of the
Native Sons of the Golden West in
giving $4,000 per annum to the Uni
versity of California for the mainte-
nance of scholarships in Pacific Coast
history has resulted in finding
wealth Of new material concerning
the history of California and the whole
Southwest which has had a great
share in making possible the historical
Investigations recorded in these vol
| umes.
Another important volume in this
series, recently issued by the Univer-
sity, is "Texas in the Middle Eigh-
teenth Century," volume of Studies
in Spanish Colonial History and Ad-
ministration," written by Herbert Eu-
gene Bolton, formerly of the Univer-
sity of Texas, and now professor of
American History in the University
Of California. In that 500-page Vol
ume Professor Bolton throws flood
CT light, from manuscript sources, on
the development of the vast region,
from Louisiana to the Pacific Coast,
whose history during the centuries of
Spanish rule is really part Of the his
tory of California. In that volume
Professor Bolton has shown, among
other things, the true nature of the
mission as frontier institution. He
points out that while from the stand.
point of the church the principal work
OF the nilsson father was to spread
Christianity, that the missions were
agencies of the state as well as of the
church, and were supported by the
state to expand, hold, Christianize and
civilize the frontiers, to maintain ex-
rlorers and diplomatic agents among
outlying tribes, to counteract foreign
influences among the Indians, and to
civilize the wild tribes, for the mis-
sion was not only a Christian church.
tut an industrial and agricultural
school.
Within the past two years several
other volumes representing important
contributions to the history of Span
ish-America have been published by
members Of the University of Califor-
ria faculty, including "The Spanish
Dependencies in South America" by
Professor Bernard Moses; "The Found