The Dermott news., 1916-02-10
ORCHARD AND GARDEN CROPS
No. 4. Fighting Insects and Diseases
BY J. S. knox. Extension Horticultur-
list. University of Arkansas.

BY j S. knox, Extension Horticulture
list. University Of Arkansas
The man who expects to grow
first class crop of fruit under pres.
ent conditions must be prepared to
night the various kinds OF insects and
diseases that attack the crop. Every
year there are thousands of orchards
over the country being killed or dam
aged 10 such an extent that they Will
nevey yield a profitable crop to the
owner. just because he has not used
the proper precautions to keep these
diseases and insects under control.
Kinds of Insects: All of the or
chard insects come under one of two
heads First there is a type of insect
which takes its food supply from the
plant by means of a sharp beak or
proboscis like that Of the mosquito.
In order 10 control insects OF this
type il is necessary TO spray with
some strong solution which when 1t
comes in contact with the body OF the
insect will stop up the breathing pores
and thus cause death. Insects belong
ing to this scale are San Jose Scale.
Aphds OF various types. Oyster Shell
Scale. Harlequin or cabbage bugs and
some OF the Squash bugs. rhe sec
ond kind OF insects take their food
supply by eating portions of the fruit
or leaves and this type of insect is
killed by spraying with a poison sucn
as lead arsenate or Paris green. This
kind OF insect is much more apt to be
noticed than the other because the
damage II does is much easier seen
than - that of the sucking insect.
However. either type Of insect can
and often does enough damage TO pre-
vent the growing OF first class fruit
This is especially true in orchards
where no effort is made to control
them Among the insects which take
their food by eating the fruit or the
leaves are Cooling moth. canker
worms. webb worms. caterpillar. cur.
culos and others.
dreds OF different diseases that attack
the different kinds Of plSnts. but only
comparatively small number do any
serious damage TO the fruit crop and
often two or three OF these can be
/ controlled by the same kind Of spray
material Among the most serious
4 diseases attacking the fruit crop are
blotch. scsb. bitter rot. rust brown
rot OF stone fruits. and black rot and
mildew Of GYApes The most serious
/ diseases OF the tree itself are oAnksrs.
rust blight. leaf spots, crown gall.
root rot.
I Spray Materials: There are a.
many different kinds OF spray ma
t terial on the market as there are dis
eases to control. vet there are COM
partively few OF these which are used
/ to any great extent In our orchards.
/ Lead arsenate either IN the form OF
paste a. powder 10 the principal poi
son used, However, Paris Green Is
used to a considerable extern In some
4 instances Bordeaux mixture. which
i is solution made OF lime and cop
/ per sulphate or blue stone, is one Of
/ the best fungicides and lime sulphur.
a solution OF lime and sulphur OF DIFF
ferent proportions, Is used both as an
insectitude and as a fungicide Coal
+ oil emulsion is solution of coal oil,
soap and water OF varying proportions
is also quite commonly used as an
+ insecticide as we'll as are various
/ kinds OF tobacco preparations
Spraying: For best results spray
/ ing must be thoroughly done The
/ spray is only preventive at best and
4 does not replace or cure damage al
ready done. II protects only the part
OF the fruit or tree which liz covered
by the solution. hence the Importance
/ OF thoroughness, II one leaves only
portion OF twig uncovered when
spraying for San Jose scale this
! small limb will be the means OF
spreadng the scale over the whole
/ tree before the year 10 over and pos
sibly get Il started on other trees
Sometimes several sprayings may be
necessary in order 10 eradicate dis.
ease or insect and this Is not infre
ouently the case with the most com
mon OF the orchard pe@ts. Some OF the
! orchardis,s spray from Ave to eight
times each year for scab. bitter rot
codling moth. etc. In order to have
the desired effect, the spraying must
he done at the proper time often n
DAYS diferer"" in tine makes biz
dinranc obtained so
J r-.romptness LUX pheHs
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