davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Norwich bulletin., 1916-04-19

ia. So 70. m.-The fall of Trebizond to
the Russian arms is confirmed in an
official communication issued late to-
day.
The statement says:
"Trebizond has been taken. The
united energetic effort of our Cauca-
sian army and Black Sea fleet nave
been crowned by the conquest of this
fortified town, the most important po-
sition on the Anatolian coast.
Our valiant troops after the san
culinary battle of the fourteenth on
the Kara Dere river, pressed the
Turks without respite and surmount-
ed incredible obstacles, everywhere
breaking the fierce resistance of the
enemy. The we'll action of
the fleet permitted the execution OF
most hazardous landing operations
and lent the support of its artillery 10
the troops operating in the coastal
region.
Credit for this fresh victory also is
partly due to the assistance given the
Caucasian army by the troops Oper-
ating in other directions in Asia Mi
nor BY their desperate fighting and
| heroic exploits they did everything in
their power to facilitate the task oi
the detachments on the coast"
! 1T6D1ZOnu is d CITY VI asia 4hllAOl
on the Black Sea, SIS miles east OF
Constantinople and 100 miles north o1
Erzerum the town stormed by the
Russians on February 16. Trebizon6
| has a population of about 10000, in
cluding some $4,000 Christians.
! The Importance of the Black see
port was due to it's command of the
point where the chief trade route from
Persia and central Asia descends u
the sea. 1t is separated from the res
of Asia Minor by a barrier of rugged
mountains, 1000 to 5000 feet higi
which the Russian armies had to ira
verse.
Aided by the Russian fleet the in
vaders pushed past the last series o
natural obstacles along the cOas
when on Sunday, they occupied
strongly fortified Turkish position ol
the left bank of the Kara Dere.
miles outside the fortress.
Since the fall of Erzerum and tn
capture three weeks later OF stills
the Turks are said to have increase
the Trebizond garrison until 1t con
tanned three complete divisions, o
about "a, 900 men and to have don
everything possible to strengthen tn
Black sea port.
Norwich bulletin., 1916-04-19
Delaware Delegates Instructed for
Wilson.

Dover, Del, April 1S.-The demo-
cratic state convention which met here
today to select six delegates and al
ternates to the national convention,
instructed the delegation to vote for
the denomination of President Wilson,
whose administration was endorsed.
Norwich bulletin., 1916-04-19
rcuaton Double Other Paper, Circulation
CahInL.,,1s.s,suu0o DhS
of Lords TO Adjourn.

london, April IS, 6.4S p. m-The
house of lords tonight agreed to the
motion of the Marquis of Crewe TO
adjourn on the ground that the cabi-
net ministers were not in a position
to make a statement on the question
of compulsory service for all eligibles.
Norwich bulletin., 1916-04-19
SPEAKERS BUREAU OF THE
NATIONAL SECURITY LEAGUE
Eighty-fiVe Lawyers and Business
Men Have Voluntarily Enrolled,

New York, April 1S.-EEhty-five
lawyers and business men have vol
UNFAIRLY enrolled with the speakers
bureau of the National Security
League to conduct noon day ana ev-
ening meetings in the interests of pre-
paredness, it was announced tonight.
The speakers will invade manufactur-
ing plants and other institutions en-
ployins large numbers of persons, as
well as the public service CORPORATIONS
and various political organizations.
Norwich bulletin., 1916-04-19
$500 MORE TROOPS
FOR GENERAL PERsHINe
Three Troops of Cavalry and One
Battalion Of Infantry.

San Antonio. Texas. April 1s.-Gen-
eral Funston issued orders today that
will place at the disposal OF General
Pershing $500 more troops.
General Funston has ordered to pro-
ceed to Columbus, y. NJ. the Sixth
Cavalry from the Brownsville district
the Seventeenth Infantry from Eagle
Pass, the First Battalion of the Twen-
ty-fOurth Infantry from Eagle Pass
and Troop L from the Tenth Cavalry,
Fort Apache.
Norwich bulletin., 1916-04-19

Movements of Steamships.
st. Michaels, April 17.-Sailed:
steamer Dante Alighieri, (from Ma
ples) New York.
Norwich bulletin., 1916-04-19

Petrograd, via London, April IS,
Norwich bulletin., 1916-04-19
Condensed kilograms

No session will be held by the su
preme court on Good Friday.
Norwich bulletin., 1916-04-19

Southern fruit growers are alarmed
at the shortage of refrigerator cars on
the railroads, which win prevent the
movement north of their products.
Norwich bulletin., 1916-04-19
rREB1ZOND HAS FALLEN
TO RUSSIAN ARMS

The Most Important Position on the
AnatoIian Coast.
Norwich bulletin., 1916-04-19

Burglars ransacked the home Of Mrs
William Nelson at Poughkeepsie. y
Y, and escaped with silverware valued
at more than SO, 900
Norwich bulletin., 1916-04-19

William G. McAdoo and other mem
bers of the American section Of the
international high commission arrived
at Santiago, Chile, from Beunos Aires.
Norwich bulletin., 1916-04-19

English motor boat manufacturers
have under consideration plan to in
stall kerosene burning engines instead
of gasoline engines.
Norwich bulletin., 1916-04-19

SiSty-fiVe Americans and an Eng
hshman. woman and children, refugees
from AIazatlan, Mex, arrived at Sar
Diego, Cal, on the supply ship Glacier
Norwich bulletin., 1916-04-19

The German steel syndicate shipped
31l,6is tons in March, compared with
30l,56O tons in March, 1915.
Norwich bulletin., 1916-04-19

Aeroplanes will be used experiment.
ally at the Norfolk, Va, coast guard
station this week to locate ships in
distress and convoy cutters to the dis
abled shin
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-12-17
CURRENCY STRINGENCY
THREATENED IN CHINA
Melting of Brass Coins to Obtain
Copper Is Cause

A serious situation in Chinese none
tary matters has developed because Of
the export from China, particularly TO
japan, OF Chinese brass cash" the
characteristic coins with square holes
in the centre that have been the basis
of all trade in the interior of China
for many generations. The rise in the
price OF copper has rendered these
brass coins, which usually contain
about SO per cent OF copper, more yalu-
able as metal than as a medium Of ex-
change.
For a time over 5000 tons Of the
coins were exported monthly 20 Japan
alone. A fall In the price OF copper
reduced shipments 10 about half this
quantity, but the export continues,
and now al various points in the IN
terror Of China the number OF cash in
circulation is far below the require
ments OF the people, and difficulty IS
experienced in carrying on ordinary
trade. In parts of South China Chi
nese one-cept pieces now exchange Tor
only s cash, instead Of the 10 cash that
usually is considered standard rate
OF exchange. The cash have been
bringing about s25 local currency. or
something like $3.50 gold, per pieul
OF 1917 pounds. In Japan they have
been valued at the equivalent OF $40
gold. japanese newspapers report
that the refined copper is exported to
the United States.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-12-17
How French Women
Labor 10 Replenish
The Nation S Larder

TIME part played by French
women in agricultural work
during the war is wildly
pictured in report of its inves-
legations made by the Women's
Mission, promoted by the Berkshire
Committee on Women and Farm
Labor" Of London. The mission
visited France last spring. Those
who were members Of it were: Mrs.
Boyce, of Windlesham, Surrey (wife
Of small HOLDER; Miss Chilling
worth, of Barn Elm Farm, Bradheld,
Berks daughter Of farmer) Mrs.
Saint, of High Street, Stone, Stats
daughter of farmer) Mrs. Suth-
erland daughter Of New Zealand
farmer); Miss La Mothe, of the
Board Of Trade; Miss G.. Pott, hon
orable treasurer Of the Berkshire
Committee on women and Farm
Labor" and Professor Salmon, of
University College, Reading.
The party visited the following
villages and towns, most of which
were within the military zone: Cha
teau Thierry, Etampes, Epernay,
Chouilly, Fere Champenoise, Troyes.
Estissac, Thuisy, Chernegy, Langres,
St. Geosmes, Champigny-les-Langres
and Montigny-le- Bretonneux.
The following points were gener-
ally agreed upon by members of the
mission as including the most use
full and practical conclusions drawn
from their various observations an
experiences:
!. The immediate and unremitting
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-12-17
Something Needed
Besides Huge Totals

If this country is 10 come to a posi-
ton Of great influence in interna-
tional financial affairs, if we are
truly to merit a leading position as
world bankers, we must DO a good
deal more than merely create huge
totals. Obviously, we must grow a
generation OF bankers thoroughly
competent to handle the problems Of
international finance. Not all bank
ers will need that training, but those
who are engaged with the response
bilities of developing our interna-
tional position will, in one respect at
least, need the help Of every banker
in the country. We can have no
great international position in finance
unless we have at home bankers who
will rise above sectionalism. There
must be no provincial jealousies of
one section by another, of one city
by another, if we are to exert our
best force in the field Of international
finance. Almost any intelligent man
would recognize the fallacy OF a
community in the interior of the
country Directing to shouldering a
lust share Of the responsibility for
military preparedness because 1t hap
nened that the borders Of the coun-
try were far away from that COM
munity, and the danger Of invasion
e such a community therefore was
remote. In just the same sense, the
banker in the small interior town
should comprehend that he is as
vitality interested in the interna-
tional exchanges as is any great
bank in New York. The truth OF
that seems to me perfectly demon
strable. The state Of the interna-
tional exchanges affects the gold re-
serves. The reserves are related to
the whole credit structure of the
country. There are put in action
forces directly affecting the interests
Of bank in Oklahoma the moment
that a gold demand affects a reserve
in New York.
A purely agricultural community
should understand that it may have
as real an interest in the development
of foreign trade as do industrial cen
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-12-17
Japan's Narrow Railway Gauges

Probably the largest domss"e W
ten awaiting settlement IN ''T
says the London Times" Is tas' 9"
corning the alteration Of the fs"
gauge from the present nan"'
feet 8 inch) to standard s'ss'
feet Sls inch), the advocates o. W.
have been active for years pssI
the result OF resolution OF the 'PF
house q commission was sppo'hNs
April last TO 60 into the matter
oughly and render a FINAL FepoH
recommendations. ,a.,, q
According TO the yiee,pres'SSsann,s s,.
the commission, Dr. Juiehi soip,.n
who is president OF the lmpeFl..
ways, the estimates Of the eApp",Ily
ture REQUIRED have been very estsii,,d
considered, and IL is now .'nr ~.
that the outside cost OF GOVERNS n,In
whole OF the railways OF the "a
island OF Japan from ShinohoS. .'auId
Aomori 70 the standard gauge s wS
be $50 goo. 00o,and that OF eons ss,,o.
the trunk line from Toxic to s IN A.
nosesi (which in any case 40 49,
done first) would DO s2s.ooo.OoV'
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-12-17

has been a spectacle, but it has not
gripped their souls. They look with
horror on the carnage, with salts
faction on the profits, but with an
unrelated sort of superiority TO both.
and feel that as a nation it is best
for US 10 avoid being involved in any
~ the consequences. Indeed, no
small number Of the people look upon
tie interior of the United States as
the only important section Of the
world that is still quite sane, and
their chief wish is for Us TO proceed
quietly on course that will. keep US
out of trouble. To me, this seems an
utter lack Of Imagination, a blind
ness of vision, complete failure TO
understand the unity Of the indus
trial. commercial and financial
world. Unless | utterly misjudge
affairs. there are going 20 develop
for this country problems Of the
gravest import-problems that VIII
need for their correct solution the at
tcntion Of the most enlightened
minds. This country will need lead
ers with an apprehension of true
principles of action-leaders who
will have decision and force IN for
mulating policies and putting them
into execution, the like of which the
country has not needed in our time.
Those problems that will press on us
for solution can neither be repealed
nor postponed by the pacifist nor by
the advocate of preparedness. Some
Of these questions that must be an
swered will come directly from the
field of the terrible war, but others
will develop within our own borders,
among our own people and out of
our own characteristics.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-12-17

study Of their special requirements
and the reasons for them than bank
ers are in the habit Of making. E.
The Coming
Generation of Bankers
II any one Of US were TO attempt
TO picture what we would regard as
The ideal banker of the future IN
America, we would give such a man
a much larger equipment Of learning
End wider range of experience than
we ourselves have had. The ideal
banker of the future should be well
grounded in economic principles and
in the theory of banking. He Will
need familiarity with international
affairs, and if he is TO occupy one oil
the most important positions that
familiarity should have been ac-
CURED through personal contact with
the problems of finance in the great
financial centres of the world. One
Of the most important things that
branch banking is going TO do for
America is to serve as a school TO
educate the bankers Of the future. 1t
Is going to give new generation OF
bankers an understanding Of inter
national relations and a knowledge
Of international practice. 1t will
give us at least few bankers who
sre linguists, because they will have
acquired practical facility with Ian
euages by residence in foreign CAPT
tails as managers Of American
branches.
The ideal banker of the future will
know the practices and personalities
of the worlds financial centres, and
with that broader experience will
form habits of broader thinking.
With such a wider experience and
broader knowledge will go hand-in-
hand a great nodesty about our re-
lations to the financial affairs of the
world. Our ideal banker of the fut-
ure will not be boastful concerning
the ability of America TO dominate
world banking, because he will better
know the difficulties 10 be encoun-
tered in the worlds banking field and
more clearly apprehend the limita-
tons that are upon us. One OF the
best things about the ideal banker OF
the future, knowing his own country
end the world better than we
do, will be that he will es-
cape provincialism, he will avoid
sectional prejudices, and upon such
a foundation he will develop
such harmonious policies as will
attract to him confidence and friend
ship and repel suspicion and antago-
nism. With such an equipment he
will become more than an ideal
banker and will more nearly APP
proach being an ideal citizen, be-
cause he will have the equipment and
experience which will lead him to
think clearly and on the broadest
lines in regard to the relation Of his
business, financially, economically
and socially, TO his community and
IN his country.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-12-17
Conspiracy Of Events
Tests Mora! Fibre

II Is easy TO see that the unsound,
the unwise, the wrong solution of
these problems that are pressing
upon US will cost us an immeasur-
able sum of potential wealth, of In
dividual happiness, Of national prog
ress; but if the cost of wrong deci-
sions is immeasurably great, how i'm
measurably great also will be the re-
ward of right decisions. Never since
the beginning Of time was there
such an opportunity. Never did a
people have before them a choice Of
two roads that led to such different
destinations. Never did a nation
have flung at it so many gifts of OPP
portunity, such inspiration for
achievement. We have always known
that nature had been lavish, that in
material way everything was
ready at hand and needed but in
moral fibre, foodtide of wealth,
bring material success to the coun-
try and TO all of its people. But on
top of that comes what seems almost
conspiracy of events to test our
moral fibre. A foodtide Of wealth,
of opportunity, which, added to our
resources, puts upon the people of
this country a responsibility of trus-
teeship to the world.
We are like the heir Of an enor-
mously wealthy father. None too
well trained, none too experienced,
with the pleasure-loving qualities Of
youth. we have suddenly by a world
tragedy been made heir to the great
est estate of opportunity that i'm
agination ever pictured. The last
twenty years has seen a fivefold de-
velopment. | would hesitate to sug-
gest what the next twenty years may
see if we rightly manage this herl-
tage. VIII we look upon it as we
surely should look upon il, as a great
responsibility? Will it sober US, make
us see that our national judgments
and decisions are now of worldwide
significance? VIII we keep in mind
that with this new wealth, this
wealth in material things and vast
ly greater wealth in potential oppor-
tunity. have come responsibilities?
We will gain the esteem Of the world
and the satisfaction Of the approval
Of our own national conscience in
Just the measure that we meet and
rightly discharge these responsible
ties.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-12-17

tres directly concerned with the mat
ter In like manner, labor ought TO
see that its welfare is as truly re-
lated. il less directly. TO sound
finance as are the fortunes of the
capitalists concerned. We are all in
terested In what is right, what is fair
and what is efficient. The loafer, the
Stacker. the incompetent. hurts US all.
An unwisely conceived and badly di-
rected enterprise does not stop with
causing loss 10 the people who put
money into il. 1t indirectly injuries
every workingman, every class OF
society. Unsound finance, inefficient
industry, unwise enterprise, may
each in their way be as wasteful to a
nation as war itself. The restrictive
rules of union labor, which may cut
IN half the unit of days work, or
the restrictions Of unfair trade COM
binations, which prevent the econ
omies of a free play of business,
will both bring in their train real
hardship to be borne by society. Bad
governmental policy that unwisely
interferes with business may be as
costly as the preparation TO meet an
invading foe from the outside.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-12-17

pendence. Part Of that, ! believe
has come from a weak leaning upon
legislative action instead OF
sturdy dependence upon individ-
ual strength; but part of It, too
we must recognize, has come from
a clearer understanding of So
cial obligations, from a recogni-
ton of the unity Of society and the
necessity, if our social life is TO de-
velop tremendously. that TO some eX-
tent we give up our personal in
clinations and independence to the
welfare Of the whole.
There has been great development
Of government functions in the SUI
pervison and direction Of affairs.
That has been, of course, notably ex-
emplifed with the railroads, and as
vet the demonstration Of its full effi-
cacv is doubtful. We have seen the
theory Of the income tax developed,
with the restriction Of its applica-
ton to so few Of our people as one
third Of ! per cent, and by its means
we have seen the door opened to an
entirely new theory of taxation,
theory under which, whenever there
is a growing deficit, the first device
for new income will be to open fur
Their the spigot Of the income tax
and let the stream run larger and
larger.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-12-17
Prosperity Leads
to Indifference

Whatever need there has been in
the past for the leaders of the coun-
try to think soundly, there is going
to be a still greater need in the fut-
ure. 1t requires no prophetic vision
10 see that we are coming into a
time when il will be necessary TO
make vitality important national de-
cisions. The effect of those decisions
will be more farreaching, the diff
fculties involved in measuring forces
and calculating effects will be i'm
measurably greater, than has been
true at any time before IN our lives.
To-day we cannot begin to measure
the extent, even to guess at the char
acter, of the problems that the world
cataclysm is developing. Indeed, |
think that our people as whole
have but slight conception Of the nat
IRE Of that cataclysm, and the in
evitableness Of our relation to its
effects. A part Of the country has
been submerged in prosperity and
its sense of proportions and relation
ships has certainly been dulled. An
other, and greater part, which has
only experienced this prosperity in
reflected way and has viewed both
the war itself and its reflex action
upon our industries in u somewhat
PARKWAY and detached manner, has
developed a point of view of aloof-
ness from the worlds tragedy. II
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-12-17


the National CITY Bank. IN an od-
dress before the Bankers Chib Of
Chico1o last night discussed the eco
noruio changes that hare token place
in the t1centp years elapsed s'r'oe ne
Stoned a7iting finance for me
Chicago Tylbrne" and 'oent ~'th
My. GAGE 10 Washington TO DC As
si.tant Secretary Of the United
States Treasury. From there he
came 20 Vol Street,
TF THESE twenty years have been
period Of change, practically
Il every business change has been
change toward greater and greater
totals The active careers Of most OF
the men in this room embrace a great
part at least Of those twenty years
and the variations you have seen and
experienced in the totals which meas
ure business activity have certainly
been startling. Take your own
banking development here in Chi
cago. Your total bank deposits ag-
gregated twenty years ago about 200
millions. To-day they are about one
and a half billion. In the same time
the net deposits of the Clearing
House banks of New York increased
from 500 million 70 three and a half
billion. while for the whole country
total deposits increased from five and
y half billion TO 26 billion. Bank
clearings have gone Up from so bill
ion 70 nearly $50 billion; the invest
ment in our manufacturing estab-
lishments has increased from bill
ion to nearly 25 billion; pig iron pro-
duction twenty years ago was on q
basis Of S million tons annually and
the estimate for this year is 40 mill
ION tons. In many directions sta
tistics could be produced showing
fvefold development. in these two
decades. That ratio holds for the
total Of our exports Of domestic nrer-
chandise. In 1896 it footed sos mill
ion: for the fiscal year just closed 1t
is more than four and quarter bill
ion. or almost five times as much.
The most startling comparison of all,
perhaps, could be made in regard to
cur gold stock. The total amount Of
gold in the United States twenty
years ago was just 800 million dol
Lars. We have imported more gold
IN the last twelve months than we
had accumulated in all cur country's
history prior 20 1896.
These and endless other figures
could be presented to indicate what
remarkable developments there have
been in this country in twenty years,
but there have been other changes
and other developments that cannot
he measured by statistics. Those
changes are of as deep import TO ma
tional life and TO our business life as
sny totals that could be presented.
There have been profound changes In
tie attitude OF our people toward
government and in the attitude
Of government toward individuals.
Viewed from one angle, there has
been a distinct loss Of independence,
or self-reliance, and growing ten
dency to lean upon governmental &C
ton, to be influenced by govern
mental attitude, TO regard legislation
as a panacea, and to believe that q
bill in Congress can do what we used
to think required individual initia-
tive. work. judgment, sacrifice and
thrift 10 accomplish.
Sum Of Human