davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun., 1916-10-09
Two Eight Hour Measures,

On September 1. 1916. Major. Gen.
eral GEORGE WASHINGTON COCKTAILS,
as president of the Panama Railroad
put into effect the following rule:
Effective September I. the working
day for train crews and switching engine
crews will be limited to eight hours. ex-
cept in cases Of emergency. when author
ity for overtime must be obtained through
the proper channels either from the
executive office OF from the superinteno.
ent OF the Panama Railroad"
As head of n commission, appointed
by WOODROW WILSON, General GoErH.
AIS is about to investigate the work.
ing of II law which, under pretence Of
granting trainmen an eight hour day,
arbitrarily increases their pay. per
hitting them TO work any number of
hours they please.
What must the author Of n real
eight hour law think of the fake
measure the operation OF which he Is
about to study?
The sun., 1916-10-09

ment was not intended for sale to his
customers, but was awaiting the sau-
sage maker. That there Is laxity on
the part Of the inspectors OF the
Board of Health in that city would
appear probable from the fact that
this dealer continues in business de-
spite the refusal of n license by the
Health Department.
a few convictions md sentences
like those imposed upon Brooklyn vio-
lators of the food laws would bring
about n wholesome change.
The Phipps Institute emphasizes n
fact generally known but constantly
disregarded. namely. that food sellers
should be subject TO inspection and
license. since they are possible carriers
of typhoid or intestinal disease germs.
THE SuN would suggest as more i'm.
portant still because of their far
larger number the prevention Of rom
tamination Of soft foods. dressed
fowls, meats, fruits and vegetables by
the handling Of prospective buyers.
Since the latter cannot be subjected
to health inspection. and the seller
would displease and probably estrange
the customer by forbidding such hand
ling as n test Of freshness. a health
ordinance %forbidding handling Of food
offered for sale would protect both
seller and buyer, the former by IA v
ing food for early decomposition that
results, from frequent handling and
pressure. the latter by preventing
probable contamination.
Here again would appear rs nm OBJ
lection the infringement upon the in
d%ividual's right TO examine the article
to he purchased by touch as well as
sight or other sense; but here. too, as
in many analogous circumstances. the
common good must prevail. The repu.
tatiOn Of the dealer must be depended
on as aid to the judgment by sense
other than touch.
The sun., 1916-10-09
IN DEFENCE OF ENGLAND.
what She Did To as Well n For the
Beers In South Africa.

To M EpIToR or TUE SUN-Sir.
Every now and then some person of
pro-Gcrman or anti-Eritish tendencies
hurls at my head See what England
did TO the poor Beers - When the Boer
war broke ont, I myself, thinking only
ot a big fellow after a little follow,
thought and said the same thing but
| changed my mind very suddenly after
| read Joseph Chambcrlain's speech In
Parliament, in which lie said to his
opponents
England will spend every pound size
has. and shed every drop Of English blood.
II necessary, In order that wherever on
this earth the Union Jack flies all men
shall be free.
The Beers did not believe in civ!liza-
ton. They would kill IL KaNir and
throw him up some alley. as though he
were a dog. They refused all civil
rights. They fought civilization glor.
lousy, but succumbcd finally. and are
now good citizens, and respect Eng
land. as Germany has found To her sor-
row.
The Beers are "A thousand times bet
ter of under English rule, and they are
well aware Of that fact. II the Won
dcrful thing is hat a German had he
fore the present war AZ many privileges
IN South Africa rs an Englishmau.
can that l." said OF German colonies
anywhere on earth" IA an cN-sailor, I
have profound respect for tho Union
Jack. although I sailed under tho Stars
and stripes. ARINGToN II. CARMAN.
PATcHoGuE. L J.. October :.
The sun., 1916-10-09
Municipal Food Supervision.

The conviction Of two butchers who
hnd brlhcd Il Board of Health inspcc-
tor to pass diseased meat they offered
for sal" and the imposing of maxi.
mum sentences by Judge CRopsEY di-
rect attention again 10 the imperative
necessity of alert supervision of the
food supplies Of the community. In
Il ~ncishborlnc city which by common
rcputc Is regarded rs Il pattern n lax
lily regarding food contamination an
pears to exist quite in contrast with
Its accepted status. Investigation by
The Phipps Institute has recently dis
closed that food offered for sale is ex-
posed Ia dust, handled by unclean
sellers and buyers, ana comes fire..
Hncnrly in contact with the clothing
Of pas~cr>by,
Vegetables We're often found in
heaps on In" ground and dressed
fowl hung along the edges of The
market directly over cutters and so
low that people entering the market
constantly brush against them. DOGS
ana cats ar" not excluded. In one
s'hlI. III" Proprietor Of which had Il:
'"rlIll'lt" "l municipal and star" IN.
tl'"''iui, "g- discovered "a huge uicrn
81 beef, soft +" Nh" point nf Sl-uui-
mess, terribly 'Ii~""lurrd. UnrIly Slimy
ana partly entirety dried M" which
al. "a. L..
The sun., 1916-10-09
METROPOLITAN SCENERY.
An Evening Ramble In Riverside Park
Inspires Rhapsody.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SrS-Sr: \
locality that for beauty Of scenery and
historic association IL uncqualled any
where Is along Riverside Drive and Fort
Washington Park from. say. 16sth street
north to Dyckman. The explorer can
either follow the winding and uncertain
paths through the park or take the
stone walk skirting the drive. The
park makes up In length what IT lacks
in width. Is practically in "A primitive
state. and within its cnNirons may be
found every natural rugged beauty.
giant rocks hcavin- Themselves out Of
the earth woody dclls whore the shy
forest flowers tuck themselves away /:
stony places where you must tread with
Il wary foot because Of overhanging
brush and bramblcS tall majestic trees
that MI the mind with suatchcs of
Bryant's poems; and, most enchanting
Il all. glimpscs Of the Hudson here and
there through the foliage.
or a moonlight night the scene is al
most ''heartbreaking in its beauty to
quote Lanicg. Walk north on Riverside
Drive. ON the right a hill OF stately
proportions. its sides covered with trees
and crowned here and there with "a fine
mansion. smiles across the intervening
valley and river to the Palisades oppo-
site on the left the park. some parts 50
far below that the tallest trees hardly
reach to the level Of the eye. but with
other trees standing like tall sentlncls
close beside the walk. Here and there
an open place gives a larger view Of the
river. with its twinkling shore lights
Ike i~ircties on guard duty. the sma.'
liver craft hardly discernible on its
broad surface. and now and then a big
boat passing, outlined in light. like some
arEosy from falryland.
HAVING reached the end OF tho park,
the hom"ward journey may be taken by
way of Fort Washington avenue. which
lies atop the hill jus, passed. Looking
dow upon the way traycrsed. the river
Is seen lying like "A misty ribbon be-
low. the Palisades outlined in shadowy
forms in the distance, while on the other
side lies the Broadway valley. studded
with lights, the trains moving through
the scene looking Ike giant glow worms
disturbing the sanctity of n garden party
OF the i~irenics. Beyond the valley rises
historic Fort GcorSc. and further on the
outlines Of the woods Of Van Cortlandt
Park and The Bronx.
The moon smiles duwn upon the scene
md the air is filled with the Voices OF
the night. Peace like a benediction
steals over the soul the cares of the
day are forgotten: the m!nd is filed
with poetic beauties and n longing for a
greater capacity Of appreciation. You
The sun., 1916-10-09
UNISTATIA WON'T DO.
As q Substitute for United states II
Is Cn%uttracttyc,

To THE EpiroH or TIL SuN-Sr: |
was very much interested In the letter
from Belvidcrc MacID;yrc publisher
In TIL SUS OF October q. but ! very
much doubt any success In an endeavor
to induce the adoption OF the name '.tni-
s,atians' to designate inhabitants or
the United States. AT the same time Rec
ognlzing the inappropriatcncss of Amer
fans since In a broad application Cana
dams and McXicans are equally en-
titled to the name.
lived for many years in Canada
when "a young mar and was constantly
dubbed Yankee not always in an o.
fensive manner. however, and more than
once ] reminded my Caiad an friends
that they were unconsciously paying me
a compliment. since Yankee is "A per-
.petuation OF the Indian "YenGcese.' 4
corruption OF English which the In
dams could not pronounce. "I'uista-
tlans' is a properly derived word but a
little clumsy. II seems TO me, and I think
We must look further. NJ.
NEW YORK, October Z
The sun., 1916-10-09
The Biggest Natural Gas Year.

At least fifteen years ago men who
profcssed TO have made II study Of
the subject reported that the supply
of natural gas was almost exhausted.
In support of their theory they pointed
tO the ruins of glass factories In the
Indiana gas belt and the rusting pipe
lines that marked the depletion of
the gas fields around Pittsburg. But
Federal report just issued natural
gas in 1915 broke all records, the pro-
duction being Il per cent. greater than
In amy previous year.
Developments in older fields were
responsible for much of this increase.
or the almost S1O2. 100000 worth of
natural gas West Virginia produced
more than n third; PENNSYLVANIA and
Ohio came next /; New Iork's prOduc-
tiOn was valued ut about $3.50. 600.
The greatest new fields were in Ok.
lahoma and Kansas.
Some optimistic souls say the sup
ply here will last for hundreds of
years. They may miss 1t, though, as
much rs the earlier guessers, for nat.
ural gas continues almost rs much
OF IA mystery rs when it was first
discovered.
But we do know more about It's
practical Use. II does not now blow
up houses that it was supposed to
heat and light. Successful drillcrs do
not let great quantities 20 to waste
before Gaping their wells; ana towns
no longer keep gas torches burning
continuously for advertising purposes.
as northern Ohio settlements once
did. lis Use has Increased in the cstab-
lished industries and It has proved n
most helpful ally To certain classes of
munition manufacturers.
In the past year the practicability
OF separating the more volatile
grades Of gasolene from natural gas
as 1t issues from the wells has been
proved. The value of the %gasolene
thus made in 1919 was more than
S5,1jO,OOO.
The supply of natural gas will con-
tihue Tor many years, ii Is believed.
Its valuable aid in our Industries has
become so well established as 10 be
unquestioned. The important consid.
GRAFTON now is its conservation and
further development of its uses.
The sun., 1916-10-09
4 Vote for UnistatIa.

To u EDITOR D. THE SuN-Sr: A
correspondent has suggested a musical
name for the United States. "Unistatia."
Columbia is good. hui is not "Unistatia'
better? Several years ago I Was I'M
pressed with the expression Coo 8 coun-
try which was applied by my Alabama
friends to the South. This wonderful
Unista;ia is all Gods country" II We
can clear the political cobwebs from our
brains and take "A broad view or the
present, does II not seem that God has
directed the minds OF many men, re-
CARELESS OF party. to keep "Unistatia"
out OF the world war? Is II not a
startling fact that the war has been
waged for over two years and We have
not entered II? Has "Unistatia" been
chosen to become the land which shall
lead all world states to practise real
peace On earth? "In God we trust
seems a safe thought rather than to
trust to any political party.
NEW YORK. October I. U~NisrArIAN.
The sun., 1916-10-09
A NAVAL EXPERTS ORSER VA 77ONs
ON NAVAL PREPAREDNESS.
Protection Of the Battle Line More Important Even Than the tontr,
Of Communications.

The provision in the naval act for
four battle cruisers and four scout
cruisers is a tardy recognition by Con-
gress hat our fleet requires eyes"
II should not be in the province Of our
national legislature to decide upon the
types and characteristics Of warships:
this Is "a duty of the most vital i'm
portancc, for which the nation should
hold responsible u far less numerous
and vastly more expert body OF men
men trained during a lifetime In the
study and practice of the art of war
on the sea-in other words. a naval
general staff.
Great Britain's aim. throughout hcr
history on the seas. has been the con-
troll of communications. This has for
its object the destruction Of enemy mer-
chant ships and the protection Of those
under her W flag. Cruisers owe
their existence and rapid development
to this objective. The British Admit
rally held to this principle OF the OBJ
jcct of naval war 40 firmly that, while
controlling the trade routes with frig-
ates 1t neglected to supply adequate
eyes for Lord Nelson's fleet searching
the waters OF the Mediterranean for
the French squadron. Nelson wrote: "If
my heart were opened there would be
found written there more frigates.'"
In the present war Great Britain's
navy. in its exposed position awaiting
the coming out Of its enemy's fighting
ships, finds that the battle line COM
prislng the u power Of her massed
battleship force. Is helpless against the
attack of enemy destroyers at night
and submarines by day. without eyes
and guards this national bulwark
would slowly dwindle one by one. The
Admiralty now has been forced to con-
clude that the protection of the battle
line Is of greater moment than the
control Of communications.
The General Board Of the Navy. a
group of sea officers without authority
or responsibility, existing as n ready
thinking" body. whose opinions are
accepted or not, depending upon the
political cxigencies OF the time. in its
past recommendations appears to have
held to the principle that before
The sun., 1916-10-09

thinking of meeting tho cI..r, . 81,
first necessary to hc ablc t. ,orl,u.
with him." Its opinions. Il. rcf,,,
ha.- .:ea 'J~aiu -o,. available ION
mage for the battle limo" So u ~.
recommended only those warships tina,
"a lie in the limo of baltic.
This opinion received added surn,-,
when 1t vas considered how u,ir,
portant Is Il merchant marine ;u,
the well nigh herculean TASK ~ Ga,
trolling communications agdln-, arv ,,
the maritime Powers.
II cruisers were to be used o,. f.,
eyes and communication ~. v,,.
their duties before the mod, rr H.
vclopment Of t%orpcdocs ana tho tes,..
to carry them, such decisions mirl,
remain sound. \ new duty, huw,,,r
has devolved upon the cruiser. 1, il
a protector of the fleet. The risk +,
not alone to the four hundrcd.od
millions OF money invested. but 10 Nh.
thousands Of trained men and the NJ,
tons security.
Thinking of meeting the cnc,n,
must bc coupled with thinking of rrc.
stTNlnS tHc Ddtllc Inc luF Inc Ud,
when the two fleets will contend IT,.
day IL battle line. composed Of ff,ec,
all big gun ships tdreadnoughtsI and
eleven battleships or mixed cll.lf,
guns. has no fast cruiser protectors
neither information nor security f.
possible except by the use Of DESTROY.
ers. and we have not enough OF tho,
to cover both duties
\ principle Of warShip ac1llsiilor
which Is obtaining "A slow rocugnitio,
among students of naval war
Every warship should be capable Of
reinforcing the battle line"
Tho battle cruiser will bring MAJ,
big guns into the fleet action and fir.
them from "A position Of tactical ad.
vantage.
The destroyer fires the formed
whose bite is vastly more serious thar
the heaviest shell.
The scout cruiser adds nothing :,
the battle line. II violates tho prlncirl,
Ono big u might prove a WELDON
reinforcement. Why cannot our scoa
cruisers De 50 armed?
The sun., 1916-10-09
OUR BRIDGE OF signs.
Detailed Description by a Traveller
the Rocky Road 10 Long Island.


u" i".''" W IL Hl"-S"
no'''c ''''r IRON '"ihmie ..
hrd'he III your columns stating "
m' - "dN'"s ""tt on inc queen.
"'''s'' ! am an ""i"h'ohl't Owner "
'Peh"S " Sr'"I "'d! OF time Oh Long
anu ana consequently am obliged
use 'he hiIdSe OFTEN. The damage d..
~ my car e"'h- over "u'h r"uiH o..
'"''' u moro IMAM ''"t ''U"'d '' P
''.'' "'''"sc a''cF '''NlnS the Nr'''
nave E"" ever considered Nh3
pavement Is 50 'an' IN" method
eo"H''u','"l IS Undoubtedly wren.
'''"' VI VIC "'H'r h'''-'H nave '
sa'"' ''u't' ! ho'''' That most %
Jumps are rises III IN" S%nrlt.' ava
impressions rs - usually tho 'l-'
worn o"' r'"'"'Nf' Mo" n" TO o.
" we ''"S''N .'. .tE '"hi'i.oN'
IT P"''I'' supported ny
'"'' NIX '.N' '''@- Weinh"
,o",'''c !, l'".'" mo thein L" "
W. u" ""''h J" h'hIh the ROAD suns
'"'' 10 ""'r' '"' iduIt lies ~" =
-, NV "I'"-' MO" ''b" N'''
'"'' "d'c put III more '\pailNl'N -
: . we 'nousahd H'r"H t''N IN Any a.
s'''''"' '"~hS,t"'''"'. "t'l'''
~" nav "'"'''"' ''''l'.'i'>
'"'''o" '"' 'o"''l'''N 81" '..
WIZ" temperature IN '"' IAN 'u''
"'' '"'". "H''c III VI" daE ."r 81.
""'"h ihe "oh Su'l'i'"- '"' i'
"'"' becomes 'h''''"' I""oi'.I . 20
The sun., 1916-10-09
REVISING THE PRAYERS.
A Layman Suggests Certain Minor
Changes.

To THE EDITOR Of The SrN-Sir: The
article on the proposed revision Of the
Protestant Episcopal Prayer Book was
timely and forceful and the gentlemen
who are about to assemble In st. Louis
viii doubtless act wisely and conscrva-
lively In the matter.
AS IA mere layman. however. II occurs
70 me that some minor changes would
be beneficial. One collect says las by
Thy special grace preventing u.s. and
another asks that Thy grace may al
ways prevent II follow us" A charga
Ia tho moro readily understood word
assist" in place ~ tho early English
and now obsolete sense OF the word
prevent would certainly be an im-
provemcnt. Assist Is what is meant.
A. l.. EBBELs.
New YoRK. October 7.
The sun., 1916-10-09
Substitutes for Cows Mnk.

The scarcity of milk Is likely to
continue for some time. aud the price
Is not likely to come down at once.
When the price Of %pastcurized and
certified milk seems unfairly high,
the onsum will find some substitute.
such as the condensed and cvopor-
ated milks. Swectencd condensed
milks are preferable. in the feeding
Of infants. to the %evaporated milks.
but the Excess OF sugar and the low
proportion of fat in sweetened con.
densed milks when they are mixed
with water have led physicians To
discover some practical means of pre-
serving cows milk without loss Of
ingredients or change in nutritivc
properties. MIX is so perishnble oven
under the best conditions that there
is an nppreciable change in 1t soon
after 1t comes from the COW. n change
which boiling and %pasteurizing does
not always overcome.
MIX is now dried or deslccatcd and
thus produced in a form not only per-
manent but highly convenient and
transpOrtablc. Whether dried by the
cylinder or open air process it Is re-
duccd to a fine powder or 10 fine
flakes which dissolve in warm water.
as well as cold, making, II the right
proportion of water is used. n liquid
with all the properties of whole milk.
that Is TO say, none of the engines
and viiamlnes appear to he destroyed {:
the fluid coagulatcs by means of
rennet or heat and sours on the nddi-
ton of the Tactic acid fcrmcnts. More.
over. when allowed To stand. the
cream slowly rises as IL does with
fresh milk. The contrast between
dried milk, condensed milk and fresh
milk Is thus stated by Professor
DELErINr In his report to the Local
Government Board of London
The superiority OF dry milk over
fresh milk observed in this SGT OF ex-
periments may be purely accidental. but
with regard to the differences between
dry milk and condensed milk, the cx-
PLANTATION is obvious. for even though
the condensed milk was diluted only
four times. the Reconstructed condensed
milk was poorer in protcid and fatty
matter than the constituted dry milk.
this being due to the fact that more than
half OF the solid constituents OF con-
densed milk consist OF canc sugar"
Regarding the uses of dried milk in
feeding Infants. a valuable report was
published in Lyons shortly before the
outbreak of the war. At one OF the
infant welfare stations investigated
the mortality rate in 1901 was rs high
as oG0 Il thousand. In 1909 sterilized
milk was supplied to infants, and the
rate fell TO 80 a thousand. In 1907
Il house to house visitation scheme,
carried On by trained health workers,
was begun. ana the death rate fell To
GO Il thousand. In 1905 dried milk
was substituted for sterilized dairy
milk and the rate fell TO -.
1f good results ran he obtained by
the use OF dried milk in the feeding of
children and in cooking. many Of
the difficulties of the milk supply
could be obviated. Much waste would
be avoided. and much of the danger
of contamination as well. ns there is
less temptation to give the infant stale
Or inferior milk. Besides this. dried
milk would be Il useful variation of
nm infants diet, II other milk were
not available. for an exclusive devo-
ton to n kind Of preserved milk is
not commended by physicians.
The sun., 1916-10-09

On Friday Mr.. HrGHEs visited the
birthplace Of GROVER CLEVELAND, at
Caldwell. n. J. on being informed
that WOODROW WILSON had visited the
Shrine in 1910 when he was rum
ming for Governor. and again before
the Presidential election of 1912, Mr..
HUGHES remarked that he seemed "a
have captured a lucky omen from his
Democratic opponent by being the
first pilgrim candidate Of this year.
But a goodly number Of New Jersey
Democrats had begun TO make the
omen good before II appeared.
The sun., 1916-10-09
Dr.. E1iOt's LOgic.

For many years past the views and
opinions of CHARLES w. ELIOT. long
head Of Harvard University and now
president emeritus Of that institution,
upon any subject have been consid-
cred worthy OF the most attentive
consideration by the American public.
When, therefore. this distinguished
scholar and publicist comes to the
assistance Of the Wilson Administra-
ton In its effort to reconcile the peo.
pie of this country to its Mexican
policy, his presentation of the case
for the defence carries with it the
weight of high and impressive au-
thority. For this very reason, how
ever. the inherent weakness of the
Administrations most ingenious ar
guments in behalf of its dealings with
our sister republic was never more
clearly demonstrated than by the
striking failure of DIR. ELIOT to
strengthen the cause of his client in
the court Of public opinion.
Harvard's ex.president says:
ITO President WILSON'S Administra-
ton the country owes its thorough COM
initial to two policies which concern its
righteousness n its dignity. The first
OF these policies is--no war with Mex
leo. The second is-no Intervention by
force of arms to protect on foreign soil
American commercial and manufacture
ing adventures who OF their W free
will have invested their money, or
r!sked their lives. In foreign parts UNI
der alien jurisdictions. Amer
lea has now turned its back on the
familiar policy of Rome and Great Brit
ain Of protecting or avenglng their wan
dering citizens by force OF arms, and
has Set up a quite different policy OF
her own"
As TO DR.. ELIOT's policy number
one, namely, no war with Mexico, IT is
ruled out of court because the Ad.
ministration did make war on Mexico.
deadly and bloody war, captured n
Mexican city and carried on active
llostilities against the Mexicans for
II considerable period of time. If the
Administrations Vera Cruz campaign
was not. both Theoretically and prac-
tically, the actual waging of war. II
must be denominated the unjustiti.
able aggression of buccaneers and nj
rates. DR.. ELIOT has thrown upon the
Wilson regime in this regard the i'm
pcrativc necessity of making q very
awkward choice. 1t either made war
at Vera Cruz or it perpetrated a hide
II crime. In either case, it rendered
Or. ELIoT's strongest argument in its
defence Illogical and worthless.
Now as to his policy number two,
the abandonment of American citi.
zens and their property to foreign az
rrcss!on, an alleged altruistlc I'M
provement upon ancient Roman and
modern British methods of procedure.
If this so'cnlled policy Is II benign doc
trim" imbuing our activities IN lands
nnd waters beyond our national Dor.
d"rS with II humanitarian spirit. II
should npply with as good n 10
N dealings with IIuyti, Sanio DO.
ming" and Nicaragua as to our pro.
rc"dings IN Mexico.
If the Administration Is right In