davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11
Nearly Half Rumanian
Army Put Out of Action

Berlin, Dec. 10 - (Via Wireless to
Sayviile)--The Rumanians have lost
approximately 10000 men in prison.
ers since Eumania entered the war, or
about zone sixth Of their army, besides
suffering casualties estimated at about
100000, writes the military critics of
the Overseas News Agency today in
his review Of the Rumanian campaign.
Not only has this loss to the Ruma-
mans resulted from the campaign,
continues the writer, but the Teutonic
victory has made possible the short
ening Of the front by about $50 kilo-
meters. or more than $40 miles. 1t is
pointed out that the German Austro-
Hungarian Bulgarian front on Nov.
IL extended $50 kilometers from the
Predeal region in the western Carpa-
thians to Rosovo. Now the line
across Rumania is only about 200 XII
lometers long, from Sinaia to the
Danube. The area conquered by the
Teutonic armies is about $4,000 square
kilometers.
The German losses are declared to
have been astonishingly small. One
army corps which made 5000 prison.
ers and besides is calculated to have
been accountable for 5000 casualties in
the opposing ranks had itself consid-
erably less than 1000 casualties. writes
the critic. who also instances the cap
ture by the Tsntcnic forces during the
past week Of nearly 5000 men in pris-
oners. besides immense quantities of
cannon. machine guns. material and
Buppltts.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11

The petition sent to the Faculty at
last weeks meeting was refused on the
grounds that, with the shortening of the
college year one week due to the late
date of closing in the spring, no more
time could be conscientiously taken out
of the college year. 1t was suggested
that college close on December 16 as
asked and begin by that much earlier.
but since that would bring the date to
Monday, January l, and this would be
impossible. The present date of De-
cember 20 will remain.
Football manager and assistant man.
ager were elected Saturday afternoon.
Harris Birdsill Mcintyre IS of Houlton
was elected manager and Charles Martin
Bailey 10 of winthrop Centre, assistant
manager.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11
COLBY COLLEGE
Twenty-fifth Annual Initiation
of Maine Gamma Alpha Of
Alpha Tau Omega
BOWLING SEASON HAS A
FINE START WITH FRATS

The dining hall Of the Elmwood Hotel
was again the scene of gay evening
Saturday nigHt when the Maine Gamma
Alpha of Alpha Tau Omega held their 25th
annual initiation banquet. After the
tempting feast had been consumed and
cigars were lighted up. the after-dinner
speakers We're introduced by the toast
master. DR.. F. l.. Tozer '94 of Fairfield.
The organized noise was skillfully con-
Quoted by George E. Fierce '1s.
The speeches: THE Province" Alex
ander Macomber. province chief; THE
Active Chapter" Donald W. Tozier II:
1.-THE Educated Man. Seth G. Twitchell
IS; THE College Man in Business" Earle
S. Tyler 10; THE Neophytes," Edison E.
Bressett 10; 1.-THE Mullets of Gold,' Fred
A. Pottle II; impromptu.
Following are the initiates:
19lS-Francis Paul Gately, Waltham,
Mass; Wolcott Paige Hayes, Washing
ton, D. c.
1919-William Windsor Chute. Harrison.
1e2o-Everett White Buchanan, Harring-
ton. Mo-; Robert Byron Dow, Fort Kent;
Olin Kimball Porter, Houlton; Harold
CIlt, bylleIu, &MdSS, nllloIu
Isaac Umphrey, Washburn; Alfred Leon
hardt Fraas, Fitchburg, Mass; Edison E.
Bressett. North Adams, Mass; Moulton
A. Pottle, East Otisfield; Edward Louis
Perry, Mansfield, Mass; Charles Archie
Mitchell. Haynesville; Rhoden Basse Ed
dy, Shelbourne Falls. Mass; George Law
renee Evans, Biddeford.
With four matches already completed,
the strength Of the fraternity bowling
teams has been tested. While the sea-
son may bring many changes in the
teams, first blood counts and is worth
CONSIDERING On Wednesday afternoon the
Phil Delta Theta team took three points
from Delta Kappa Epsilon. while the next
day Alpha Tau Omega outbowled Zeta
Psi by four points. In the match Friday
there were no high scores, the Delta
Epsilon crowd dropping three to the
Commons Club. Saturday the A. T. O's.
took four from the Dekes, Tozier star
ring with 2e5. The score stands now.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11

Washington, Dec. 10.-American pub
lie opinion will decide what steps, il
any, the government shall take to fol-
low up it's protest to Germany against
the deportation of Belgians.
Chancellor Won Bethmann-H ollweg's
conversation with Charge Grew Of the
American embassy In Berlin has con-
WINGED state department officials that
0ermany's formal reply to the Amer
Inn protest will hold the deportations
3ustined on the ground Of social neces-
,ltt&.
MI. was admitted unreservedly Satur-
day that the action Of the state depart
fment in publishing the text Of the pro-
test. was for he purpose of sounding
spubhc opinion on the subject now that
the ordinary resources of diplomacy
fhave been exhausted: 1t was realized
that puhNopx Of the 9ocliment
|9ht RS1k ~. yiewed VIII S!er "
j. Cd 3 dispatcAes sut,inins
- forthconas erman reply 50 far as
'kAa be detsrnansa From this summary the
tepdy containsf little. officials believe. that
hed not been said to Charge Grew before
the formal American protest was sent.
Whether Germany's reply will be made
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11
Sweeping Investigation into
the High Cost Of Living by
Department of Justice Agents

beef. 6S per cent; frozen pork. 81 per
cent; dry salt pork. IS per cent;
sweet picked pork, 80 per cent: lard,
Al per cent; frozen lamb and mutton,
Fl per cent, and unclassified products
"a per cent.
Because of the press Of other bust
ness, President Wilson did not see
George w. Anderson of Boston, the
United States attorney in charge of
the investigation. 1t was thought he
would soon. Mr.. Anderson probably
will call at the White House Monday
before his departure, late that day. for
Chicago. The President is continuing
his study of reports Of the investiga-
ton.
cooperation of housekeepers in his wor!,
to the extent that they refrain from par
chasing, SO far as possible, articles ct
food that have reached the highest peaks
in the new high level of prices, and SUBJ
stitute cheaper commodities.
A reduction in the amount Of the high
est priced commodities bought by the ma
tons housewives, it was pointed out,
even if small in individual cases. would
make an aggregate slump in the demand
which could not fail to bring prices tum-
bling in the articles affected.
In addition, it was pointed out that
what was termed the great American
habit of wastefulness, II intelligently
checked, would result In reduction OF the
demand and a lower level Of prices.
1.-THE American people," Mr.. Anderson
said, need an eleventh commandment:
Thou shalt not waste Gods substance"
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11

q broken limb. She had been feeble
for some time. The body will be taken
to Mechanics Falls for the funeral and
burial. She was member of the Bap-
fist church in that place. Three sons
survive. Eugene of this place. one liv-
ing in Canton and another in Hartford.
Bertus Fowler Of Monmouth, now in
New Jersey, has been visiting his
brother Joseph Fowler at the United
States Naval School in Z -napolis
Mr.. and Mrs. II. E. Merrill went to
Boston, Tuesday to hear Billy Sunday
and returned Thursday.
Miss Susie Carr has the position as
bookke eper for r. NJ. Marks.
Seven went from this station Friday
on the Sunday" excursion to hear
Billy Sunday.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11
Wilson to Test Public Opinion
Before Sending a Protest
on Belgian Deportations

public or answered with a further note by
this government will not be decided until
the attitude of the American public has
been sounded out and the actual text OF
the German answer has been examined.
The state department is conscious that
It already has exceeded the conventional
bounds Of diplomacy in making several
informal as we'll as formal representa-
lions in the case. but it is eager to en-
phasize It's position in every reasonable
way.
The personal views of President Will
son are yet to be laid before German
officials by Ambassador Gerard, now
on his way back to Berlin.
Official information shows that the
deportations are continuing, and it is
the opinion here that whatever modi-
3fications the Germans may have put
into practice, the obnoxious principle
OF deportation remains virtually unal-
tered. -
The general failure Of the represent
atoms Of the United States, Holland.
Spain and the Vatican is causing in
creasing concern here for the contin-
uance Of relief work In Belgium, espe-
cially in view Of the second official
statement from England, published
Saturday. that Germany's action was
threatening the whole foundation Of
BELGIAN relief
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11
NEW OCEAN-GOING
MOTOR. SCHOONER
AT EAST BOOTHBAY

East Boothbay, Me, Dec. 1o.-The
ocean going motor schooner Elizabeth
Howard, said to be the largest schoon-
er of it's type afioat, was launched
here Saturday from the yards of the
dams Shipbuilding Co.
She was christened by Miss Florence
a. Allen. daughter of Rev. G. E. Allen
Of Gloucester, Mass.
The schooner was built to carry fish
from Newfoundland to Mediterranean
port and is owned by w. II. Howard
of New York. She is 137 feet in length
and % feet wide.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11

Warrington, Dec. 10.-Department of
justice officials announced Saturday that
federal grand juries at New York and
Detroit, probably at Cleveland, and pos
sibly at Kansas City, Minneapolis and
st. Louis, would conduct sweeping in
quiries into the high cost of living. Indi-
cations are that several hundred Witness
es including dealers in coal, railroad en-
ployes and dealers in and producers OF
foodstuffs. will be examined.
Information Pouring In
Frank NJ. Swacker, special assistant to
the attorney general in the governments
prosecution of the New Haven case, has
a:.epted the departments commission to
assume charge of the grand jury investi-
cations at New York, and probably VIII
start the inquiry early this week. The
inquiry at Detroit probably will oegln
next Wednesday or Thursday.
Information relating to the activities OF
dealers producers and other factors be-
lieved to have contributed to the upward
trend Is pouring into the department in
great volume.
The agricultural, department Satur-
day night made public figures it has
supplied the Investigators relating to
the amount OF certain meat foodstuffs
held in refrigerating plants. Their
figures, while not complete, indicate
that the plants are carrying far more
foodstuffs at present than they had IN
their rooms year ago. The indicated
increase this year over last, by per-
certage, follows:
Anderson Doesn't See Wilson
Frozen beef II per cent; cured
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11
Democrats Sore
Over the O'Brien
Appointment

Portland, Me-. Dec. 1o.-strong OPPOSE
ton to the appointment Of Leo F. OBnen
as United States shipping commissioner
to fill the vacancy caused by the death of
Colonel John D. Printable has developed
in Democratic ranks. 1t was learned Sat-
urday that this opposition had developed
TO such an extent that the Democratic
city committee had or will send resolu-
ton of protest to Secretary William Z.
Redfield of the department of labor and
that the appointment of Mr.. O'Brien be
revoked.
Mr.. O'Brien received his appointment as
shipping commissioner last Monday from
Secretar Redfield. having been recon-
mended for the position by Commissioner
of Navigation E. T. Chamberlain and his
appointment was considered to be in line
with the policy Of giving promotions in
the civil service. Mr.. O'Brien having serv-
ed as deputy commissioner under Colonel
Printable.
It is understood that the opposition to
Mr. O'Brien's appointment is made be-
cause the Democrats claim that he Is
Republican. Mr. O'Brien claims that he
is a Democrat.
While the Democratic politicians. 1t Is
claimed. are making every effort to have
; Commissioner O'Brien's appointment re-
voked there is a general feeling IN ship
ping circles that Secretary Redfeld will
not take any action owing to the fact
of the strong endorsements Mr.. OBrien
received for the promotion and appoint
ment.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11

At the first meeting Of the Chess Club,
fourteen men were present for electing
officers and making plans for the year.
The officers elected were: President.
Oswald c. Rankin ~: vice president,
Robert E. Sullivan 10; secretary. How
ard E. Moor; executive committee, Ran
kin chairman ex officio; Merrill A. Bige-
low Is; Smith Dunnack 10. Dunnack
was elected captain. which will play
some matches with 4 Waterville team
and. if possible, with teams from the
other Maine colleges. Last year, due to
the expert ability Of Fieldbrave. who
was a player of national reputation,
Colby had one of the best teams in New
England.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11
1 rince Oyama, Great
Jap Army Leader, Dead

{ Toxic. Dec. 10.-Field Marshal Prince
1wao Oyama, chief Of
the Manchurian army of Japan, dur
Ing the Russo-JapaneSe war, is dead.
4 Field Marshal Prince Oyama shared
aysath Field Marshal Prince Yamagata.
The highest military and civil honors
IN the gift OF the Emperor. Both were
field marshals. both were princes. and
both were military councillors. Prince
cyan1a, hailed from Satsuma. He was
"A years of age at the time Of hts death.
Oyama fought on the side OF the In.
perialist forces during the war OF the
restoration. and was one Of the earliest
students OF foreign military methods.
When the Satsulna rebellion broke
out ds77). Oyama commended a bril-
gade Of the Imperial forces dispatch
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11

ed against his cousin Saigo Takamori
Oyame.'s experience soon proved the
undoing Of his rebellious cousin, and
he returned in triumph to Toxic He
was shortly afterwards appointed chief
OF the general staff. In 1880 he was CIV
en- portfolio as minister Of war. In
1894 when war with China broke out,
he went to Manchuria in command Of
the second army. which captured Port
Arthur. At the close Of the struggle he
was promoted to the rank Of marquis.
BY 1898 oyama had been advanced to
the status Of field marshal. In the war
with Russia. he acted as commander
in-chiee, and added to his reputation
b va series Of victories. A princedom
was bestowed upon him for this
achievement
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11
ALBION

Miss Mary Hamlin is visiting relatives
and friends in Albion before going to
New Hampshire, where she will pass the
" inter with her sister.
Wilson Green of ST. Adams was in town
recently on business.
w. B. Cole has lately sold his farm to
California parties.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11

Patrolman Frost was strictly on tho
job Sunday afternoon when he avert
ed what would probably have been a
bad runaway. A team with three young
men in it was coming up Water street
when the harness broke letting one
thill down around the horses legs. The
animal started to run and the driver
threw the reins and Jumped. One Of
the other fellows went over the back
Of the seat and the third one tried to
get the reins, but the horse had q
good start when the patrolman rush.
ed into the street and seized the bride
and brought the frightened animal to
a stop. 1t was quick and clever piece
Of work by the odlceg.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11

Although only about 30 Waterville
people went to Boston on the Billy
Sunday special. 81 tickets were sold
from this office showing how large a
territory makes Waterville it's railroad
headquarters. The people, from a large
number of the surrounding towns al
ways come to Waterville for taking
the train and when their friends come
to visit them it is at Waterville that
they stop.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11
LOCAL CHAPTER
OF EASTERN STAR.
ELECTS OFFICERS

The following officers have been elect.
ed by Martha Washington Chapter. Or
der Of the Eastern Star. for the coming
year: Worthy matron. Miss Lottie Rich
ardson: worthy patron, Harry Grindle:
associate matron. Mrs. Katherine Wade;
conductress. Mrs. Mabel Brown: assoc
ciate conductress. Mrs. Myra Grindle;
secretary. Mrs. Elizabeth Leighton;
treasurer. Mrs. Addie Kimball: financial
committee. Mrs. Annette Jepson. Mrs.
Eta Goodrich and Clinton H. Goodhue.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11

There will be special conclave of St
Omer Commandery No. IL, knights Tenn
plar, at the asylum, Common street.
Wednesday evening at 7.45 for work in the
Order of the Red Cross and Order OF
Malta
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11

A bowling match of considerable in
terest will be staged at the Casino al
leys next Thursday evening when Pay
son Witham and Henry Ivers will meet
Frank Burns and Charles Pooler over
the 10-string route. All four bowlers are
strong men with good records and some
high scores will doubtless be hung up
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11

Francis Cotton Of New York City.
successor to B. j. Macdonald in the
employ Of the Kennebec Gas & Fuel
Co., has arrived in the city and will
have charge Of the Office Of the COM
pany In the future.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11

A number of the local nurses who are
members of the Maine State Nurses AS
ISOLATION will go to Augusta Monday to
attend meeting which will be held
there at o'clock in the afternoon at
the Augusta general hospital.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11

There will be special convocation of
Teconnet Royal Arch Chapter No. So,
Royal Arch Masons, at Masonic hall
Tuesday evening at 730 for work in the
Mark Master Mason degree.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11

Mrs. e. H.. Friedman, wife Of the,
managing director of the Kennebeci
Gas & Fuel Co., has arrived in Water-E
vile where she will remain for the
winter.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11

Miss Marion Worthing. who has been
passing week at her home in this CITY,,
left Sunday for East Vassalboro, where
she will resume her school which she is'
teaching there.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11

Daniel B. Murphy. Of the Pomerleau
barber shop, has returned to his duties
after a short vacation during which he
has taken unto himself wife.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11

The great Russian offensive on the
north, pressed in force and at the cost
Of great sacrifices In an effort to save
portions Of the northern Rumanian
army. is declared to have been alto
gether in vain,
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11

The city team will not make its usual
collection OF rubbish at the Maine and ad-
jacent street stores on Tuesday Of this
week, but on Wednesday.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11

Patrol Washburn of the Main street
beat was off duty Sunday and his
place was taken by Special Officer
Aver.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11

to his home in Goldsboro by the death
of his mother, returned to the city
Saturday.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11

weeks business trip to Chicago.
Mrs. Manley Morrison has returned
from visit with relatives in Clinton.
DR.. Edith Kidder Of Dexter was the
guest Of friends and relatives in the
city Saturday.
Hervey Allen Of Augusta was the
guest Of friends in the city for a short
time Saturday.
Miss Theresa Coyne, who is employ
city over Sunday.
Carroll N. Perkins left Sunday after
noon for Portland on business for few
days.
Miss Gladys Pennell Of Skowhegan was
calling on friends in the city for a time
Saturday.
Carl r. Blackington went to Portland
Sunday afternoon where he will be on
business.
Cyril NJ. Jolly who is principal of the
Unity High school was at his home in
the city over Sunday. ..
Hon. Cyrus W. Davis arrived in the
city Saturday afternoon to visit at his
home here over Sunday.
Howard H. Tracey. who was called
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11
WATERvILLE

Emery E. Austin has returned from a
weeks business trip to Chicago.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11

Sunday afternoon where he will be on
business.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11

Mrs. Manley Morrison has returned
from visit with relatives in Clinton.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11

Cyril NJ. Jolly who is principal of the
Unity High school was at his home in
the city over Sunday.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11

Hervey Allen Of Augusta was the
guest Of friends in the city for a short
time Saturday.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11

DR.. Edith Kidder Of Dexter was the
guest Of friends and relatives in the
city Saturday.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11

Howard H. Tracey. who was called
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11

Miss Gladys Pennell Of Skowhegan was
calling on friends in the city for a time
Saturday.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11

Hon. Cyrus W. Davis arrived in the
city Saturday afternoon to visit at his
home here over Sunday.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11

Miss Theresa Coyne, who is employ
ed in Augusta was at her home in the
city over Sunday.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-12-11

Carroll N. Perkins left Sunday after
noon for Portland on business for a few
days.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1916-01-26

GRAIN
chIcago Graln nnd ProvsLons.

CHICAGO JaU 3d. Export buying and
predictions of % cold wave lifted the wheat
season The close was finn q. an cent to
o. 70 m2a, cents urt higher. with May SI.36
ulaG' and July SIg6la ass. Corn
gained y cent To- rs cent and oats 4 cent
t0 'e az ls cent I'm provisions the outcome
varied from D cents decline TO a rise of 10
cuuts.
Before beginning 10 ascend the wheat
market underwent material sag owing 10
cable udNrrs thUt were dI,upuuiutug To- the
bulls. Cold weather forecasts however in-
creased huIIsh sentiment, ua the natural re-
suit would bc TO diminish receipts north
west and perhaps do serious damage 10 un-
protected fields m the southwest
Corn strength was borrowed from wheat
\ noticeable improvement u the demand for
low grades here tended further Co help prices
upward
Higher prices ON hogs carried provisions
along The bulge however, led 10 selling
by packers and wiped ont most Of the gains.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1916-01-26

FOR SALE-AIm0st new sevenr00m lTuU
low ON paved street and rented for 22T50
per month. will sell at o great sacrifice,
owner nonresident n interested write and
7 will mail you location You can then in.
spect the property and I will consider your
offer Will make the terms 90 suit Ad-
dress 1917. care World.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1916-01-26
NOTICE

All advertising for position
wanted. furniture for sale and
personals are cash with order.
Out-of-town ads. will not be
run unless remittance is made
with orders.
Two cents per word for all
ads ordered misclasSified.