davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1916-01-09

Young Turks. because they were looked
upon as political reformers who wanted
to mold Islam to their own purposes,
and who were little better than here
tics.
There is no reason to suppose that the
chiefs of the Senussi are any more
friendly to the dictatorship of Enver
Pasha and his coterie of Young Turks.
who made the coalition with Germany,
than they were to Enver and his asso-
ciates when Abdul was upset. 1t is
certain that at the beginning of the
war they acknowledged no allegiance
to Turkey in forming the alliance with
Germany and becoming belligerent.
British authority in Egypt and French
authority in Algisrs and Morocco, al
ways treated the Senussi with the
greatest consideration. The Italians,
after they got control in Tripolitana,
followed the same policy, and it was
said that the Arab tribes there pre-
ferred the italian sovereignty to the
Turkish control.
British imperial policy in Egypt, as
in other parts of the world, has shown
much hospitality to Mohammedan in
stitutions. The Mohammedan College
at Khartum. where Gordon fall. vic
tim to the fanatics, is the British trib-
ute to Moha mmedansm. But the Brit
ish authorities themselves were said to
be greatly astonished when they learned
that the Senussi were established in
the Sudan and were indifferent to the
tribute 10 MOnamTnedaHlSHl tHeTe
X X
At an early period of the war it was
thought that the Senussi might be ar
rayed directly on the side of the British
as against Turkey. Suggestions were
thrown out that the head of the order.
the Sheikh-l-Mahdi, might be made
Khedive of Egypt. He claims descent
from Mahomet through Hassam. the
son of the prophets favorite daugh-
ter, Fatima, and by the Isiamic law he
would, therefore. be qualified for the
kaliphata or headship Of Islam.
England, however. when she pro-
claimed her Egyptian protectorate and
selected Prince Hussein to succeed the
deposed khedive and gave him the title
of sultan, ended the prospect of rap
Evening star., 1916-01-09
An EGYPTIAN DONKEY BOY.

in Tripoli, and against French authority
in Algiers, and even in Morocco.
The Seuuss have been described as
the broodng mystery of Mohammedan-
ism and the sleeping menace of north
ern Africa.
Some years ago. while in Egypt, tried
to learn something about them There
were vague rumors concerning MoSlem
emjssaries in the mosques of Cairo, and
in the great Mohammedan College, with
its ten thousand students, preaching seGi-
ton against the British rule and against
all infidel powers, in accordance with the
literal text of the Koran.
Some of the priests a French resi-
dent said to me, may be preaching the
overthrow of us all. because some of them
are always doing that. but we don't be-
fieve it is the Senussi. So far as we
can learn, the Senussi have only religious
aims, and they are not concerned with
the nationalist movement of the young
Egyptians They don't look on the
Egyptian nationalists as good Moham-
medans. Yet the truth is, none of us
know anything about the Senussi's real
aims 1t is the most mysterious and, to-
Evening star., 1916-01-09

them antagonistic to Moslem rule under
any form. Though Greece has not
Joined the allies. the Greek population
in Egypt has been sympathetic toward
them rather than to the central pow
ers. The antipathy toward the Turk
on the part of the Greeks is too pro-
nounced to draw them into any move
ment that looks to restoring Moham-
ians, of course. are already arrayed
part of the allied forces.
The foreign nationalities are mostly
grouped in Alexandria, and England's
Egyptian problem relates to the whole
length of the Nile and the Sudan and
the Libyan desert, but these European
nationalities concentrated at Alexan
dria are not without influence on all
Egypt. In times of peace they quarrel
among themselves, but in war times
they are arrayed against Germany and
Turkey. They, therefore. may be con-
sidered a British defense against any
attempted invasion of Egypt.
=
In the physical sense the British de-
fenses have to be pretty widely extend
ed. Suez and Sinai have to be protect
ed from any Turco-Teutonic force
coming overland across the desert
Alexandria and the small ports along
the coast to Tripol may be safely
guarded by the Mediterranean fleet,
yet some land forces also are neces-
sary. The Nile and the Sudan are safe
from invading attack. but there is al
ways the possibility of native upris-
ings.
No one at this time say how
large the force is that England has in
Egypt. Whether the Indian troops,
$4,000 strong, which We're withdra wn
from France. have been transported
to Egypt will he disclosed in due
time. What is known is that large
part of the Indian contingent known to
be in Egypt is composed of Mohamme-
dams. Events may determine whether
the Senussi. the brooding mystery aud
the sleeping menace, are ready TO at
tack their fellow VI ohamme edans from
India obstacles to their missionary
movement for the regeneration of all
Islam. II is one of the many Interest,"
ing sidelights of the involved Egyp-
tian situation.
Evening star., 1916-01-09

day. the most militant organization in all
Islam.'
The French resident. however. did know
a little about the organization. though he
did not pretend to fathom its motives. or
even its plans. 1t is, as he said, the
most militant organization in all Islam.
1t includes the Arabs from Alexandria o
Morocco and the Nubians and the Sudan
ese blacks of the Nile. 1t is not a mere
order of fanatics such as the dervishes
under the Mahdi, whom Kitchener crushed
and established firmly. as was supposed,
British rule in Egypt and beyond The
heads of the order are in touch with the
rest of the world. and are very far from
being mere devotees. They follow no
false prophet, as was the case of the
tribesmen who rallied to the Mahdi.
The Senussi have their HEADQUARTERS
in the oasis of Siouah, or rather at
Djar-Berb. which is several days march
across the desert from the oasis. Sio-
uah is as far as the French and Eng
lish and other non-Moslem travellers
have been able to get in their efforts
to fathom the mystery of the Senussi.
At Djar-Berb there is a splendid
tomb erected to the first chief of the
order. So far as the different govern
ments and their representatives have
organization somewhat similar to the
Masonic order. There are lodges. mon
aster1eS and seats of learning. Degrees
are conferred. based chiefly the
'iio "iSuSe VI tiit Moran. ne IiSieSl
of these degrees is that of savants. or
theologlaHs. From the headquarters
In the desert missionaries are sent out
TO all parts of the Moslem world.
~
There are some fifty million Moham-
medans in Africa, and all but a few mil
lions of them are in northern Africa
How many Of these Mohammedans are
Senussi no one can guess. All that the
agents of the Christian powers have
been able to learn is that they are very
numerous, and that they regard some
other sections of the Moslem world as
heretics. This is supposed to be one
reason for their missionary activities.
The regeneration of Islam has been
described as the purpose of the Senussi,
but in the past all hints of jehad, or
holy war, against the infidels were re-
jected. Apparently, the purpose was
to regenerate Islam from within, and
Evening star., 1916-01-09

of the Senussi. while Germany is seek
ing to make an ally. of them, are bent
on ma king Germany an instrument in
overthrowing Christian overlordship in
all parts of the Moslem world. They
may not expect to overcome the French
in Algeria and Tunis at once, but if
they can undermine England in Egypt
they may consider that the first step in
the regeneration of Islam is taken.
Egypt undoubtedly is vantage point
for them, but there are many factors
which work against them. Notwith-
standing the strength of the Egyptian
nationalist movement. and the GER
tainty that whenever the war ends
British rule in Egypt will not be what
It has been, it is yet to be shown that
the great mass of Egyptians want to
be under Mohammedan power. Islam
is rent by schisms and sects, and there
is no great prospect that the Moham
medans in Egypt can be welded to-
gether under one headship.
The SenuSsi, spiritual regenera
tors, would find many dissenters in the
mosques of Alexandria and of Cairo.
These are impregnated with western
ideas of political progress, and to that
extent would be heretics. The Senussi.
if they become strong enough, might
even have to follow the literal pre-
cepts of the Koran, and extend their
supremacy by the sword not only over
the infldel or Christian forces, but also
over Moslem dissenters.
1t is to be observed, too, that Egypt
is a medley of nationalties and re-
ligions, and is not merely a physical
section of the Mohammedan world The
bulk of the native population. which is
Arabic, never has been harmonious
with the Turks. The Arab and Turkish
quarters in Alexandria are as distinct
from one another they are from the
foreign nationalities. The Turks, while
not numerous. have been the ruling
caste, and Islam has been for them a
preteXt for depressing the masses of
their fellow religionists. The Copts.
although their language is lost and
though their present-day tongue is
Ara bic, are not Mohammedan
The Syrians are pretty numerous.
Since they are Christians, they have
nothing in common with any Islamic
movement, and their interests make
Evening star., 1916-01-09

the land which John Smith in little
part explored. and with his map help
ed to settle. had grown into a mighty
nation. which furnished the talent,
money. machinery and initiative to cut
way for the occident through the
morasses and mountains of Panama.
These are but two of the wonderful
story maps to be found in the divi-
sion, which, important as they are, by
no means outplace their fellows-the
'lion" map Of the Belgians, the Filson
map Of Kentucky, made with the help
Evening star., 1916-01-09
MISS JANEIRO BROOKS,
Secretary Of Northeast Girls Civic As
~fof

Easter and Thanksgiving" she said,
but l believe we should also assist at
other times. My address is 329 Sth
street northeast, and / shall be very
glad indeed to receive contributions of
clothes and food at any time for dis
tribution among those whom i have in
vestigated and listed as very needy"
Representatives from the Edmonds.
Hilton. Maury. Carbery and Peabody
schools have been named and upon the
shoulders Of those delegates falls the
duty of stimulating enthusiasm among
the children at their respective insti-
Evening star., 1916-01-09
FIippancy.

S6 F'LIPPANT answer" said Sena-
~ tor Williams. apropos of a war
argument.
This answer in its flipparcy," he
continued, reminds me of the coquette
to whom young man, driven to des-
peration, said:
"If you don't answer me one way
or the other-yes or no-Tn hang my
self in your front yard
"'Oh. no." said the coquette. You
mustn't do that. Father doesn't like
young men hanging about"
Evening star., 1916-01-09

follow, the instructions of his COM
pany: you must observe, if you can,
whether the river on which you plant
doth spring out of mountains or out
of lakes; for If it be out of any lake,
the passage to the other sea will be
more easy, and 1t Is like enough that
out of the same lake you shall find
some spring which runs the contrary
way to the East India sea-" So that as
late as 1907 the older continent was
still seeking a waterway to the orient.
That way exists, but it did not until
Evening star., 1916-01-09
BY CHARLES M. PEPPER.

~ ERMANY'S allies in Egypt and
m northern Africa are now said
" 81 to include the Senussis, the
~ brooding mystery of the Mo-
hammedan world" This is one of the
chapters in the great war whose i'm
portance depends on the degree of
truth which it carries
Egypt may be threatened by mill
tary operations remote from Suez al
well as by d Turco-German army work
ing across the desert through the Holy
Land to Suez itself. But in any mill
tary movements in the Libyan desert.
and all the region of northern Africa
contiguous TO the Mediterranean, Ger
man troops are not apt TO play lead
ing part. The reason is the difficulty of
getting to the scene of operations with
the fleet of the allies patrolling the
Mediterranean from Gibraltar to Port
Said.
Any help Germany may have in
threatening Egypt will be very largely
such as may come from the tribesmen
between the Nile and Morocco. Sinister
significance for the allies. nevertheless.
is contained in some of the censored
London reports. although Berlin in
telIigence on the same subject must be
received with great caution.
As recently as New Year it was re-
ported from Cairo by way of London
that the coIoniaIs from New Zealand
and the Sikhs from India were driving
the enemy forces southwest of AleXan-
dria. and moreover that the Arabs, by
surprise night attacks. had attempted
10 overwhelm small British garrisons,
The Egyptian advices, by way of Lon
don. further stated that the enemy
forces were being driven westward
toward the frontier of Tripoli and that
italian military forces would CO.
operate with the British in ending the
border attacks on isolated Egyptian
posts. There were also reports from
Berlin of German submarines CO.
Arabs.
Reading between the lines of both the
London and the Berlin dispatches, i'm
portance is apt to be given by those
initiated in Egyptian matters and In
the superficial knowledge of Moham-
medan activities which is all that IS
ever obtained outside of the faithful
followers of the prophet. to the state
Inent that the Senussi are engaged in
the movement.
London dispatches said that the British
authorities in Egypt were taking ener-
setic action 10 suppress Senussl RAIDS
This was the first admission that tie
Senussi were in revolt against British
authority Revolt OF the Senussi against
British authority in Egypt also means
probable revolt against Italian authority
Evening star., 1916-01-09
"Br00ding Mystery of M0hammec1an World

LIES of Germany Now Said Include the o
n Called the Sleeping Head
LnngDgee Conferred Based Chiefly knowledge of the Kran Desert
NGssionaies-The Purpose the SenussL
Evening star., 1916-01-09

there were even specific statements
that nothing in the nature of a polit-
ical revolution was contemplated.
No indications could be found that
the Senussi were mixing in Egyptian
politics Intimations were given of
hostility to Sultan Abdul at Constanti-
nople before the Young Turks upset
him, because he was not sympathetic
to the regeneration of Islam. No signs
of sympathy were shown for the
Evening star., 1916-01-09
'on;inued From Fourth Page.

'on;fuUed From Fourth Page
l..,s was not only the first American
o.. t- eaoD,ed uut was the first for
us TO become Haturalized on this
.-, -t.aert.
only one now extant Of the quite
-. I'D, ~ous copies printed of this map is
...s i-IIdou. the only reproduction of it
va made at the express instance of
a.. phillips. ard is now TO be seen in
tfe sapposed!y freproof building of the
!..f-rs.r5 OF Congress. II both these
pes Should be lost there would be no
f...-s Bile way of procuring a duplicate
o. the map On which the most of the
c,rtosraphy up 10 1S0S of Maryland is
based.
Mr. Phillips in his writings has
demonstrated that j; is the large maps
Ike this which are. from the difficulty
OF caring for them properly. most apt
able that another copy VIII ever come
u light
The map of equal or even greater
value n building w the map systems
Of Virginia and Maryland is the work
OF another OF those restless, adven-
tIrous spirits who led in the eXplora-
ton from which proceeds the develop
Tauts and the Phoenicians. the men
who sailed with Columbus at their
Magellan and Drake, Livingston
and Stanley. Peary and Amundsen
capt. John Smith not only explored
the country along the ocean and the
coasts OF Maryland and Virginia but
made map of such excellence that
Evening star., 1916-01-09

ERMANY'S allies in Egypt and
northern Africa are now said
to include the Senussis, the
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-10-03
bF, HfrtN 81
POINTS FROM 2 .3,tazsy 5y3r.
HUQHEa' SPEECHES

TO'N'o rnOmlL a.4it5Ig3 J-lf;
HUQHEa' SPEECHES
Reckless exravaSEance Of the
Democrats - an insult to the
American, people. l. 4eav 3xan ~
!. Deserving Democrats / sDesery-
ing in heavens name Of what7
-; We have q .splepdid system Of
government, On paper, but We
want that system vitalized.
The pork barrel bill brings, 4
blush Of shame to the cheeks Of
q every American. $, <t .74-yh1yr NNp,sj
I am here because l. have q.
vision Of what America needs:
An idle. American will always
feel uncomfortable. yfl ~. ,>>x,-,.,
America will not bold her own
by high-sounding phrases. 4s>s,,n5
Are we not q nation great
enough to- have sufficient fore,
sight to protect our borders In
sensible fashion BY means OF
sensible preparedness7t #Tm,<,N
II we stale our rights To q nrm
and determined manner It
!. should carry conviction. There
should be no vaciilation In con
nection: With that assertion.
H. y'@ H
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-10-03

= am a candidate for Representa-.
tive from the 62nd district, and re-.
spectfully solicit your support at the
election, Nov. Z, 1916. ii
/ might make numerous promises
as to what i will do if elected, but,
quantity promises are made largely
to gain votes, and are soon forgotten
after election. Therefore, the prom
Uses I have to make are few in num-
Der, but these few will be religiously
kept, If I am elected. i;
do promise, if elected, that shall
perform the duties of Representative
to the State Legislature purely in the:
interest, of the people, irrespective
of party consideration or political ex-
pediency. : S, Il;
am opposed to the further issuing
of ditch bonds in this district until
the present judicial ditch law is
amended so that bitches will be con-
structed only where the quality of the
soil, prospective settlement and gen.
eral conditions warrant same. 81
believe the operation of the pres
ent judicial ditch law to be excessive
ly> costly and that the homes and
property of our citizens, which are
pledged for the payment of the in
terest and principal of said bonds,
have been jeopardized by the enor-
nous issue of bonds, and the high rate
of interest paid therefore. :
/ will do all I can to secure legis-
lation to relieve the county from any
possible future payment of said ditch
loans.
My politics are Republican,, but
under the law am compelled to make
the race as Non-partisan. I prom
Use also, that every citizen, regard
less of his political belief will re-
ceive the same degree of courtesy
and attention, and that special privil-
eyes will be extended to none.
Respectfully yours,
CHAS. S. CARTER.
If to III
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-10-07
CENTENNIAL OF
TOWN OF WALES

Wales. Me, Oct. 6.-The town Of
Wales celebrated the Tooth anniversary
Of it's incorporation Thursday. The ex-
ercises began with the reading of a
history of the town by Isaac NJ. With
erell of Wales, who was followed by
n r. Tracy of Auburn. a former resi-
dent, who related some interesting rem
iniscences of the town
An old-fashioned dinner was served
and during the afternoon addresseS
We're made by Hon. J Wesley Maxwell
of Webster, l.. G. Rateman of Auburn
dairy inspector Poems were written
and read by Mrs. Ida L. Strout. Mrs
Lizzie Pulsifer Of Mechanic Falls and
Mrs. Flora NJ. BlansdeN. The eNer-
cises We're varied by singing by
chorus
The town Of Wales, including what
is now Monmouth, was known as Wales
Plantation prior to 1892, when Mon
mouth was incorporated as town. In
April, 1903. Wales was incorporated as
Wales Plantation. and Feb. /, 1916, it
was incorporated as a town
The exact date of the first settlement
is uncertain Some fix il as early as
1878. but the most reliable testimony
places it a little later The first per-
manent settler of whom there is record
was James Ross, who came from Bruins
wick in l77S and settled on the slope
of Sabattus Mountain. Patrick Herman,
who came in 1879, was the second
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-10-07
RICHMOND

Earl Cashier of Lewiston is passing
the weekend at his home in town.
Don Foote of South Gardiner is pass
ing a few days at the home of his
parents.
Charlie Stetson of Lewiston is pass
ing a few days with his parents, MI
and Mrs. Frank Stetson.
Mrs. r. J. Southland, who has been
passing the summer at her cottage on
the New Meadows river, has returned
to her home in town.
Lawrence Riley of Portland passed
the day Tuesday with his mother, Mrs
Louise Riley.
Harold Small of Portland was the
guest of his father. \. +, Small, Fri
day.
The supper at the Congregational
church Wednesday evening was we'll
attended.
DR.. and Mrs James NJ Somers and
son John were visitors in Portland on
Thursday.
Mr.. and Mrs. NJ B. Smith have re-
turned from a weeks visit with rela-
tives in Lebanon.
Miss Florence Wakefield left Thurs
school. She was accompanied by her
mother. Mrs c. A. Wakefield
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank A. Robinson left
this week on an automobile trip to
Boston.
Mrs Sarah Hathorne and daughter.
Mrs c. A. Alexander are the guests of
relatives in Woolwich this week.
Mrs Frank G. Conner and Mrs, Geo.
c. Kimball and son Lawrence were Wis
itors in Lewiston Friday.
Mr.. and Mrs Frank McMasters of
Gardiner were the guests Of friends in
town Thursday.
Miss Hazel Cashier was visitor in
Gardiner Thursday.
The concrete crew. which has been
at work in Richmond for the past six
weeks, is expected to finish its work
this week.
The following telephones have been
installed in Dresden the past week:
Harry Pushard, lei; Hartley Hathorne.
7.1s; w w. Choate. -; and Z. S.
Durgin. 7-31; Mrs. Arthur c. Winslow
Richmond. s-13.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-10-07
C0NSTANT|N0PLE
HELL ON earth"
SAYS MIN0T man

Minot, Me- Oct. FIN a letter from
Constantinople college, dated July g.
Claude A Hutchins writes his mother at
Mnot that communication with the rest
of the world is very slow and difficult
now on account of the war He is not
allowed to send mail from the Scorpion
nor receive any that way" He sent this
letter through another person. Mr.
Hutchns has renewed his contract for
another year and does not expect to leave
for America until July. 1877 His action
is practically made necessary for the
present difficulties in travelling
1t is regular hell on earth here,
he says, and never better in times Of
peace vet it has its charms. l had hoped
to save considerable money before | left
but cannot save much when living is 50
high. Flour is 10 cts. per pound; potatoes
s. to S per bushel; very poor meat 80 cts.
per pound; rice tpoor at that 213 cents
per pound, ct cetera. Soft coal costs SIS
per ton and wood is about $40 per cord.
So you see you are living in clover when
you buy everything at comparatively rea-
sonabie prices and anything you want.
let alone reference to the moral life and
conditions.