davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-10-11

| is the result of a continual struggle between armor and prOjectile-a | struggle in which now one. now the other, has gained superiority. It was | the head of the Creusot works who | revolutionized warship armament in | f876.> Up to that time the most pro- gressive nations used wrought iron for protective armor on their ships. Schneider proved the superiority of steel in resisting the penetration of projectiles and at the same time set about to invent projectile that would tear through the steel. The fight be- tween the two began, and war has been waged at Le Creusot-there be- ing great rivalry between the men in the armor department and those of the projectile factory.
 I In the armorplate works the rolls with their tables are remarkable for their size and produce armorplate of thirteen feet by sixty feet, with a thickness ranging up to ten inches plato of this kind being rolled from large steel ingots weighing fifty or sixty tons; while in the forging shops the work of making a projectile which will tear through this is being carried out. For instance, the forging of a tube for a ten-inch~cannon from a round ingot is accomplished with a three thousand ton hydraulic press. The ingot in the first place came from the great ten thousand ton hydraulic forging press where it had been pressed while in liquid state. The noise made by the machinery in this section is almost. deafening while the heat in the blast furnace section is
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-10-11
The whole plant is being run upon

The whole plant is being run upon a most economical basis-all the by products being used and nothing al- lowed to go to waste. The Creusot works produce their own raw material in the shape of iron; and steel of different grades, large section of the plant being occupied by blast furnaces and coke ovens. The latter are laid out so as to use the product of waste heat and are said to produce nearly one hundred and fifty thousand tons of coke annually. The collecting of the tar and ammonia product is of special interest, for it is a study in economics. The tar is deposited most ly in the pipes and Is collected in 8 set of condensers and other ap- paratus so that about fifty pounds of tar Is obtained to every ton of coal. Ammonia is collected and transformed into sulphate of ammonia.
 The blast furnaces, of which there are six or seven produce nearly one hundred and fifty tons of pig iron every twenty-four hours. The gases coming from the furnaces are usefully employed to blow engines of seven hundred horsepower, also to run an extensive electric plant This latter has twelve hundred horsepower in engines and is used for operating motors throughout the works. A sep arate plant gives the requisite power for lighting. as the plant now runs day and night on account of the large government orders.
 Revolutionized Warship Armament.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-10-11

center extending nearly to it's base and is heightened to nearly eight inches. The next process is to draw it out to still greater length; this again is eff fected in press by means of shaped punches and dies working on the heat ed metal, and it emerges about ten or eleven inches long in a shape al- most like its final form. It then passes to the machinery operations and is ready fir filling. Much of the finishing is now done by women who have become experts in this line.
 Varied Products.
 The great guns are also forged at the Creusot works, and gigantic cranes aud huge hydraulic presses are used in their making. All sorts of structural iron work for bridges are turned out. much of this replacing the bridges which were blown up by the Germans. Locomotives are also one of the products, and recently a num- Der were manufactured for use in the French army so armored that they can be employed for drawing the armored tfains. For years the Creusot plant has been turning out locomotives for the French Govern ment-the very first one to run in France being a product of this fac tory.
 At present the making of projectiles for the use of airmen is going on and hundreds of these deadly weapons have been turned out Many are of the incendiary type and consist of a conical vessel about ten inches in diaimeter at the base and over a foot in height. The body is made of metal
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-10-11

boiling for fifteen minutes. A clean cork or absorbent cotton is used as a stopper for the bottle. There are a number of pasteurizing outfits on the market; or one may be made at home, as follows:
 Place tho bottle, or bottles, of milk to be sterilized in a wire basket which. in turn. is placed in receptacle filled with cold water to a point little r'gh- CT than the level of the milk. Let the water come to boil and continue to boil for about five minutes. Then a1- low cold water to run into the re- ceptacle until the milk is cooled ito the temperature of the cold water. It is imperative, then, that the milk be kept cold until used: and Q refrig- orator clean and weli stocked with ice. is advisable.
 MIX For The Baby.
 Uncle Sam, through his ChiIdren's Bureau, Public Health Service and Department of Agriculture, has pre- pared many bulletins on the subject of baby welfare; they are most thor ough and specific. and can be obtained by any mother who requests them.
 Three ounces of milk, diluted with seven ounces of water and one table spoonful of lime water and two level
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-10-11

teaspoonsful of sugar should be giveo daily in seven feelings, beginning on the third day.
 At one week of age, the average youngster needs five ounces of milk each day, diluted with ten ounces of water, one ounce of lime water and one and one-half level tablespoonsful of sugar, in seven feedings. From then on, about every four days, in crease the quantity of milk by one- half ounce; and the quantity of wa ter by one-haIf ounce every eight days.
 When three months of ago, the average baby should consume each day, in six feelings. sixteen ounces of milk mixed with the same quan- tity of water, three tablespoonful of sugar and two ounces of lime water. From then on every six days, increase the milk by one-half ounce, and re- duce the water every two weeks by one-half ounce. ..
 At Half Year Old.
 At six months, the average baby should receive daily in five feelings, twenty-four ounces of milk, twelve ounces of water, three level \table- spoonsful of sugar, and two ounces of lime water. Then increase the milk
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-10-11

only if thf ycungster is hungry and digesting his food well.
 l> Then, too, from about the third month on it is sometimes advisable to substitute a weak barley water for the plain water in the following pro- portions: One-half level tablespoon full of barley flour to sixteen ounces of water, cooked for twenty minutes At six months, one and one-half tablespoonsful of barley flour, cooked in twelve ounces of water. At nine months, three level tablespoonsful of barley flour cooked in eight ounces of water.
 In general, says the Children's Bureau, for every pound the baby weighs feed an ounce and one-half of milk in twenty-four hours, properly diluted, according to the, age, with the lime water and sugar. For ex- ample, twelve-pound youngster should consume daily eighteen ounces of milk mixed with sugar and lime water in the correct proportions.
 For The Older Baby. Consider now the older baby. able ! to run about. A number of sugges- tions herewith are of real value. The child should have access to an abund- ance of cool. but not iced. water.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-10-11

practically unbearable to the laymah. At night the scene is indescribable> as red, molten metal pours out like a falls of fire.
 Making Shrapnel Shells.
 The heaviest engineering operations in shell manufacture are those in volved in the formation of the body or casing. Shrapnel shells as made at the Creusot factory are of special interest in that they possess Humber of parts which are not required in armor-piercing and high explosive shells, but Apart from these,| and with due allowance for differences arising from size and function the manu- facture of the latter is similar The eighteen pounder shrapnel shell is made from a/solid bar of steel (man- ufactured in another. department of the works), which is cut to a length about equal to that of the finished body, and bored out internally by a drill; but forgings are generally re- garded as preferable because, among other reasons, a smaller weight of metal is required. In the latter case the shell begins as a billet or block of steel. The first operation is to pierce this block and form it into a deep cup. For this purpose after be- ing heated in a furnace to about 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit it is quickly put into die and a shaped punch is forced into it by a hydraulic or power press. The result is that the metal is squeezed out around the punch and when the block is removed from the die it possesses a round hole in its
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-10-11
WSzzzazu <z11z5zzS Lze G>5eXCE5S~

pierced with holes and having an outer covering of an infiammable, resinous material bound around with inflam- mable rope which when ignited gives out a pungent smoke. Inside there is a mass of thermit and generally some phosphorons in the base cup. while as an additional luxury celluloid chips and little petrol are occasion ally added. The igniting device and a handle are placed at the top.
 The Town.
 Out in the city the worknfen live in community fashion much after the style of Essen-those receiving certain salaries reside on certain streets. Nobody lives above his in- come. The city is we'll paved and gas lit; has a public market. library. schools. churches, hospital and dis pensary. Education is not obligatory. but as no child can be employed at the works unless he can read and write the parents see to 1t that their children go to school. AS in every business the best educated obtain the high grade positions, and many of the children knowing this are hard 
 there is bank for this purpose. A beneficial society has been organized which takes care of the injured and sick.
 The town is admirably situated in respect to the French frontier, for while it is not so far distant from the firing line as to occasion delay in the transportation of munitions it is suff1- ciently removed to be beyond the danger zone, as an invading army would be- compelled to pass several forts before reaching 1t. Creusot has for many years played an important part in furnishing France with war munitions. During the conflict with Crimea and in the, Franco-German War of 1870 the factories produced great quantities of guns and shells. Today it is sending out three or four times more fighting material than during previous wars for the demands of warfare have kept pace with tho age in its needs, both in quality and quantity. At present great secrecy is maintained and few visitors are al- lowed Tn times of peace, however. the traveller was admitted at certain hours and shown through the most interesting parts of the plant.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-10-11
XZEN@eEl5NamSo 0rN7eo>N72>24N2
 sHe5RS1o<1SzZz0e< ,<A~.HCzzNV

and cereal foods; Co butter and wholesome fats; (d) vegetables and fruits; and (e) sweets. This. of course as foundation for his days ration, a balanced one.
 For example, take sample menus for single day. For breakfast give him a baked apple, cereal mush, milk toast and butter; for dinner, which is best in the middle of the day. a broiled lamb chop, spinach. baked po- tato, rice with milk and sugar and bread and butter; and for supper stewed prunes, milk, cookies and bread and butter. At the end of the day he should have consumed a full quart of milk divided between the three meals.
 Emphasis is placed upon the fact that the above menus for a day are merely samples to show the proper selection and combinations of food and it is not meant that the child should be fed these same things every day.
 With that in mind, here are several sample breakfasts: (a) apple sauce, oatmeal with milk, toast and butter; \D) DdheQ podfS, InlIk COaSt, COCOu, Co stewed prunes, cornmeal mush and milk, toast and butter; (d) grape fruit, but only the juice for the very young children, grated yolk of hard boiled egg, milk toast; (e) apple, toast, hot milk.
 Sample dinners: (a) meat soup. egg on toast, string beans, rice pudding; (b) roast beef, baleed potato, aspara- gus, bread and jelly; Co lamb stew with carrots and potatoes, twice baked bread, tapioca custard; (d) baked halibut. boiled potatoes, stewed celery, boiled rice with syrup or honey; and Gel creamed potatoes, green peas, stewed plums with Q thin cereal milk pudding.
 And for suppers: (a) baked pots- toes, served with milk gravy or with cream and salt, cookies; (b) apple sauce, bread and milk, sponge cake: Co potato-milk soup. twice. pa Ked bread, marmalade sandwiches: (d) Graham crackers and milk, baked custard; and (e) milk toast. stewed peaches, cup cake
 Lunch For School Child.
 Going ahead a few years, one comes to the rather perplexing problem of the proper lunch for the school child: and experts in the division of home economics, Department of Agricul- ture, offer a number of interesting 6 suggestions. From them. mention
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-10-11
C@2SSo Gz21zzOz RT97Z52z 2zSS<Rz1 K>SG, wzlE5/ /Zzl
 k2z0S SSSzzo

And each day, unless his bowels are loose. he should be given from one to three tablespoonsful of strained fruit juice. l At nine months of age, beef tea, squeezed beef juice or chicken or nut ton broth once a day will prove a pleasing and safe addition to his menu; and at ten months old, he may be given a small piece of toast or a crust of bread with part of a soft boiled egg. But he should not be given any other solid food during his first year.
 x When the youngster is one year of age, the following hints are worthy of considerations: He should be weaned from. his bottle, being taught to drink milk out of cup four times each day; moreover, his milk may be given undiluted. Cereals, thoroughly cooked and for the first few months also strained. may be given twice each day.
 , When he has passed his fifteenth month. let him have each day tea spoonful, later tablespoonful, of rare scraped beef, chicken or mutton. And three months later one-half of we'll cooked baked potato daily will work no injury; also, juice of fresh fruits and cooked fruits such as apple sauce or baked apple.
 Fresh green vegetables, carefully prepared and mashed, are safe when the child is two years of age; and he should be fed each day at A. M. 10 A. M.,, 2 P. M. and P. M Balanced Rations
 The Department of Agriculture of- fers an extensive list of instructions and suggestions as to feeding the child of from three to six years of age. of which the following extracts are well worth consideration. First of all. it is not merely a problem of selecting food that will suit his bodily require ments, but also one of pleasing his eye and taste and of offering a variety of good things to eat
 Further, he should have one food each day from each of the following groups, as arranged by the Depart ment: (a) milk and dishes prepared of meat. poultry. eggs. fish: (b) bread
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-10-11
Proper Food a Matter of Utmost Importance . Suggestions From Uncle Sam What to Give the Infant : Food for the "Toddler '-Lunchesfor the School Child.
Copyright, 1916. by The International
 Syndicate.

Syndicate.
 average child, lives to eat. But
 Science steps in and says he
 should eat to, live. And no less a parsonage than Uncle Sam now comes to the front with carefully planned and tested list of foods suit able to the baby. the 'toddler'' and the school child. Further, he supplies recipes and menus and complete di- rections as to the preparation and con- suming of the food.
 During the first year of the baby's life he should have the food provided by Nature-there is none other equal to it. But when this is impossible, artificial foods should be most pains takingly prepared. It has been esti- mated that thirty out of every one hundred bottlc-fed babies die in their first year; while not more than seven out of the same number of breast fed babies fail to survive their first year of life.
 Home Pasteurizing.
 Cows milk ys best for the bottle baby, says unfle Sam; but the milk should be beyond question. If pos Sole. certified milk should be ob- tained no matter what the cost. But if this cannot be secured. the mother should at least know that 1t is clean, pure and from a tuberculin tested herd. Even then, though, the milk must be pasteurized before feeding that isI it must be heated to 150 de- grees Fahrenheit for a half-hour and then rapidly cooled.
 Further. according to the U. s. Pub lie Health Service, this pasteurizing should be done in the feeding botNes, they having been sterilized before by
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-10-11

~HE thriving little city of Le " Creusot in France owes it's ex-
 istence to the Schneider Iron O Works, the most important of it's kind in Frande. There twenty thousand men. women and children labor day and night to supply the French army with fighting material of all sorts. The town is two hun dred and fifty miles from Paris in the Department of the Saone and Loire. on the watershed between these rivers, with which latter 1t Is indi- rectly connected by a central canal and private railway. X
 In 17s0 it was a group of huts re- mote from any road, and whose in- habitants lived upon the sale of coal which cropped out on the barren sur face of the land. About this time a sugar crystallizer was founded there under the patronage of Marie An toinette which was in existence until 1882. In 17s2 Perrior Bellanger & Company established a foundry and Le Creusot began to grow. This foundry passed to a man named Chargot in 1918, and in 1926 1t fell into the hands of the English firm of Manly-Wilson. They failed in 1884. and the Le Creusot works were trans ferred to the Schneider Brothers & Company, and since that time the op- erations have progressed without ces- sation.
 Rich Coal And Ore District.
 The town lies in the center of the richest coal and iron mining districts Of France. and the raw material for the workings of the foundry are near at hand. The coal beds were dis covered in the thirteenth century, but it was not until several centuries later
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-10-11
ASketch of the Great Iron Works of France, Where Men, Women and Children Foil Day and Night
 To Furnish France With War Munitions
Copyright, 1916, by The International Syndicate


 that they were put to use, and even then the work done at the foundry amounted to little.DWhen Adolph and Eugene Schneider came into posses sion they opened up a workshop on comparatively small scale, employ Ing about two thousand persons. The inventive genius of these men was It, tie short of marvellous and their plant soon became famous all over Europe. Since the presept war began the works nave been greatly enlarged and now cover an area of more than nine thou sand acres, including the artillery fir- Ing grounds. There are nearly two hundred miles of railroad tracks through the grounds which establish connection with the main lines or with the coal and iron mines owned by the Company. The total output at present of iron and manufactured pieces is about two hundred and fifty thousand tons per month.
 Better Equipped Than Essen.
 The works are even better equipped than those at Essen, and they can turn out the most varied products from small bar and light sheet iron to the heaviest shafting for vessels, armorplate, heavy ordnance, and even an entire battleship for the Company has It's own docks at Bordeaux. They also own large artillery works at Havre where cannon and torpedoes are built; and special station near Toulon on the Mediterranean. Sub marines and various structural iron work are built at Chalons in another factory owned by the 'Schneiders, al- though the biggest part of the equip ment for the French army during the present war is being constructed at Le Creusot.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-10-11
may be made of nine practical school lunches all of which are properly ball. anced rations. They are:

may be made of nine practical schoo lunches all of which are properly bal anced rations. They are:
 (a) Sandwiches filled with sliced meat, baked apples, cookies.
 (b) Slices of meat loaf, or bean loaf, bread and butter sandwiches stewed fruit. frosted cakes.
 Co Crisp rolls, hollowed out and filled with chopped meat or fish seasoned and moistened or mixed with salad dressing, an orange. apple. mixture of sliced fruits or berries, cake.
 (d) Lettuce or celery sand wicheJ, jelly sandwiches, cup cus- tard.
 (e) Cottage cheese and chopped green pepper sandwiches. or a portion of cream cheese with bread and butter sandwiches. peanut sandwiches, fruit, cake.
 CD Hard. boiled eggs, baking powder biscuits, celery or rad ishes, brown sugar or maple sugar sandwiches.
 (g) Bottle of milk. corn bread and butter, dates, apple.
 (h) Raisin or nut bread with butter. cheese. orange. maple sugar.
 Q) Baked beans and lettuce sandwiches. apple sauce, sweet chocolate.
 In many schools nowadays, the ho lunch is feature; or the child hal sufficient time during recess to return home for lunch. In either case tho Department of Agriculture offers q number of suggestions. Cocoa and soups of all kinds, but with the pref erence for milk and cream soups should play an important part in suct luncheon. Here are sample ones:
 (a) Vegetable milk soup. crack CTS, rolls, fruit and plain cake.
 (b) Meat and vegetable stew. bread and butter, sweet chocolate.
 (c) Boiled custard, lettuce sandwiches, fruit and cookies.
 (d) Dried cod fish chowder crackers, fruit and maple sugar sandwiches.
 (e) Bean soup. crackers, baked apple and sponge cake.
 Authorities agree that food for chil dren is a matter which demands tn, utmost care; and that the futur, powers of digestion of the child de pend in large measure upon the start A digestion ruined or impaired b, improper feeding at tender age fl apt to be an ailing one all through Nfe.
The Colorado statesman. [volume] (Denver, Colo.) 1895-1961, 1916-02-12
SlIyerton Gets Food

Denver, Feb. 9.-With the exception
Of the branch between Durango and
Silverton, the snow blockade on the
ines of the Denver & Rio Grande in
southwestern Colorado has been lifted
according to advices received at the
general offices of the company Mon
day night.
There is but slight promise of reliei
before five days for the mining tow
of Silverton, which was reported
suffering from shortage of food sup
plies. The big rotary snowplow passe
lockwood on its way from Durango =
Silverton. The distance between
lockwood and Silverton is twentv-
seven miles, and at the present rate
of progress it is doubtful if Silverton
can be reached before Saturday.
A small quantity of provisions
reached Silverton transported by men
on snowshoes.
The Colorado statesman. [volume] (Denver, Colo.) 1895-1961, 1916-02-12
Telephone Company to Spend Millions

Denver.-The annual meeting Of
the stockholders of the Mountain
States Telephone and Telegraph Com
pany was held Tuesday afternoon, at
which the old officers and directors
were reelected. 1t was announced
900 in new plants and additions in
1916, of which amount s1,145,O0O will
be spent in the eastern division, com
prising Colorado. The annual report
showed the company had had pros
porous year.
The Colorado statesman. [volume] (Denver, Colo.) 1895-1961, 1916-02-12
Endsley Freed in Dickens Case.

Denver. John Gilmore Endsley
whose meteoric flight into the Dick.
ems murder mystery stirred Long.
mont, Boulder and Denver. passed out
of the case again Saturday night,
when he was released by Sheriff Bus.
ter of Boulder county, after every
clew against him had proved ground
less and no one came forth to file
any formal charge against him. The
last link in the alleged chain of evil
dence connecting him with the killing
Of w. H. Dickens, disappeared.