davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-04-26
fBy e. T.. Conkle. United Press Staff
Correspondent

fBy E. T. Conkle. United Press staff
Correspondent
Ell PASO, Texas, April 26.-Speedy
withdrawal Of the American expedi
ton will be insisted upon by Wal
Minister Obregon in his border con
ference with Chief Of Staff Scott, ac
cording to local Carranza officials to.
day. The defacto governments plea
will be that dt cannot pacify the Mex
lean nation as long as the United
States troops are in Mexico It will
demand the evacuation of its ter
ritory on practically its own terms.
General Obregon has reached Sal
tillo on his way north from Mexico
City. He can reach Juarez by Fri.
day If that city is his objective.
Speculation still dealt with Laredo or
Eagle Pass as the possible location OF
the conference.
While Carranza officials pointed to
the reopehing OF ParTaf and Magistral
mines next week as an indication OF
returning normal conditions, at least
three revolutionary movements we're
under way today. General Eduardo
BoQuer, formerly of Philadelphia, is
reported to have crossed into Mexico
east of FL Paso to start new revo-
lution. General Salazar, who re-
Gently invaded Mexico, was said to
be heading for Ojinaga. Carranzistas
apprehend no danger from either OF
the movements as they have no fol
lowing or financial backing. A small
detachment of troops were sent from
Juarez in pursuit of Boquer Car
rama secret service men are watching
Felix Diaz revolutionists who are
- ho f1aiy nlo in, III
Paso.
Operatives Of the Alvarado Mining
Co., the Compania Agricola and the
National mines and smelters will
leave Jllarez next Monday to reopen
their mines near Parral and Magis-
trail, closed since the Parral anti.
American riots. The Carranza gov
ernment has promised protection. The
operatives will be allowed to take
along their own rifles and ammuni
ton.
Trouble With snipers.
COLUMBUS. N. NJ, April 26.-In
personal encounter near Satevo, Lieu
tenant Graham, Of an advanced
American detachment. killed a Mex
lean who had a1nbushed and fired at
MIN, according to report here today.
Officers on an incoming truck train
also stated that they were fired on
by snfpers within three miles of the
border, south of Columbus.
Excepting the column running
down the clre that Villa is in the
Noncava district, all American activ-
1ty in Mexico was confined today to
shortening and strengthening the line
of supplies. Urgent need for hay and
rough forage was indicated by re-
ports that many horses have died
from the exclusive grain diet.
Details of the hard riding by the
American detachments in the height
OF the Villa chase, continue to be re-
ceived. Thirty-two troopers in Major
Howze's column lost their mounts
hard riding wearing out the horses.
The bodies of two American sol
diers killed at Parral have been buried
IN Mexico. II relatives request It,
the bodies will he disinterred and
brought back to the United States.
Lieutenant Colonel Tyree Rivers,
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-04-26
ateS on
zen Question


of documentary proof or conclusive
evidence Of previons aggressive con
duct. by presumption derived from all
circumstances Of the case.
THE status of such vessel as a
warship of the high seas must be de-
termined only upon conclusive evil
dence of aggressive purpose in tho
absence OF which 1t is to be presumed
that the vessel has a private and
peaceful character and 1t should be
so treated by an enemy warship.
I'm brief, a neutral government
may proceed upon the presumption
that an armed merchant vessel OF
belligerent nationality is armed for
aggression while a belligerent should
proceed on the presumption that this
! vessel is armed for protection. Both
of these presumptions may be over
! come by evidence-the first by sec
ondary or collateral evidence, since
the fact to be established is negative
in character; the second by primary
and direct evidence, since the fact to
be established Is positive in char
acter.
"The character Of the evidence up
on which the status of an armed mer-
chant vessel Of belligerent national
ity Is to be determined when visiting
neutral waters and when traversing
the high seas having been stated, it
is important to consider the rights
and duties of neutrals and belliger-
ents as affected by the status OF
armed merchant vessels in neutral
ports and on the high seas.
| "FIRST-TEE RELATIONS OK
BELI1IGERENTS AND NDUTRALS
AS AFFECTED BY THE STATUS OF
ARMED MERCHANT VESSELS IN
NEUTRAL PORTS"
Tt appears to be the estab
lished rule Of international law thai
warships of a belligerent may enter
neutral ports and accept limited hos
pitality there upon condition tha,
they leave as rule, within twenty
four hours after their arrival
(! "2-Belligerent warships are also
4 entitled to take on fuel once In thres
months in ports Of a neutral country
| '3.-As a mode of enforcing these
rules neutral has the right to cause
belligerent warships failing to com
ply with them, together with their
! officers and crews, to be interned dur
ing the remainder of the war.
"4.-Merchantmen Of belligerent
nationality armed only for the pur
pose of protection against the enemy
! are entitled to enter and leave neu.
| trail ports without hindrance in the
course of legitimate trade.
/ "5-Arned merchantmen Of belliger
ent nationality under commission
or orders of their government te
use, under penalty, their armament
for aggressive purposes OF merchant
men, which without such commission
or orders have used their armaments
for aggressive purpose, are not en-
titled to the same hospitality in neu
trail ports as peaceable armed mer
chantmen.
''SDCOND-TTIE RELATIONS OF
BET4L4IGERENTS AND NEUTRAIS s
AS AFFECTED BY THE STATUS
OF ARMED MERCHANT VESSELS
Jon THE HIGH SEAS.
1-Innocent neutral property or
the high seas cannot legally be con
| fiscated. but is subject to inspection
by belligerent Resistance to in
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-04-26

to Fort Riley, Kansas, to complete
his recovery from an attack Of pneu-
monia which nearly caused his death
in Mexico.
Await Word From obreeon.
SAN ANTONIO, Texas, April 26.-
Chief of Staff Scott and General Fun
ston today awaited War Minister
Obregon's selection of a place for
their coming conference on the situa-
ton caused by the presence of Ameri-
can troops in Mexico. Obregon, last
reported at San Luis Potosi, may
choose Eagle Pass, Laredo or FL
Paso, though officials here declared
the route to Ell PaSo more dangerous
than to the other points. The Ameri-
can army heads did not expect to
leave headquarters until notified of
Obregon's selection.
Neither Scott nor Funston knew to-
day exactly what lines are to be fol-
lowed in the discussion with Obre-
gon. Instructions were expected from
the war department today, however.
giving definite idea of the matters
to be gone over and outlining the stu
alton as it Is to be presented to
Obregon.
Funston said today that Scott and
he might postpone their departure
until tomorrow.
Two Soldiers Killed.
COLUMBUS, N. NJ, April 26.-Two
United States soldiers were killed and
several wounded in a battle with Viii
nstas last Saturday, according to adj
vices received here today.
A column under Colonel Dodd of
the Second cavalry brigade defeated
about three hundred Nillisas in west
ern Chihuahua The bandits losses
are not yet known.
The meagre reports received here
stated the Villistas apparently were
several bands concentrated under four
generals" Dodd's men completely
routed the Mexicans, pursuing them
until nightfall Many of the Vii
listas are believed to have been killed
or wounded.
Six Bandits Slain.
[By H. D. Jacobs, United Press StaH
Correspondent
GENERAL PERSHING HEAD
QUARTERS. NEAR NAMIQUIPA,
Mexico, April 26.-(Wireless to Co
lumbus)-Six Villistas were killed
and nineteen wounded in a fierce
three hour running fight between a
small detachment of United States
cayalrymen under Colonel Dodd and
about 26O Villstas under four chiefs,
near Tomachic, Chihuahua, last Sat
urday. Dodds report received at
General Pershing's headquarters to-
day stated that two American troop
ers were killed and three wounded.
Dodd captured twenty-five horses
and some miscellaneous loot. scat
tering the bandits and pursuing them
until after dark
Dodd's detachment unexpectedly
came upon the Villistas about 4:3o
D. m. as the bandits were hiding in
the heart of the Sierras in western
Chihuahua. Although outnumbered
and their mounts jaded, the Amerl-
cans spurred to the attack. The VII
listas made brief stand, but soon
scattered Those not cut down oy
(Cnntinu9d on page 2.)
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-04-26
F A NEE

PARIS, April 26.-An intense bonn.
bardr1ent of Avocourt wood and Hill
3o4 by heavy German guns last night
was reported in the official statement
from the war office today, but no inn
portant infantry actions occurred on
the verdun front.
The bombardment was violent on
the whole front west OF the Meuse.
but attained its greatest intensity on
the French left. In the Woevre dis
trict, German howtzers played upon
French positions around Haudromoat
and Ronvaux.
The Germans attempted to attack
a small French post near Ember-
menil, in Lorraine, but were repulsed
with heavy losses. Prisoners admit
that the Germans also lost heavily
in Yesterdays attacks against the
French salient at La chapeiotte.
North of the Aisne, French troops
took seventy-two prisoners in the
course Of yesterdays attack which
resulted in the capture Of small
wood south of Rois Des Buttes. Sew
eral German reconnisances were dis
persed on the Palsy and Tryon sec
tors.
AERoPLANEs BUSY.
PARIS, April pa French aero
plane at three o'clock this morning
attacked a Zeppelin off Zeebrugge at
a height of 1920 feet, throwing nine
incendiary shells at the dirigible
which was believed to be returning
from last nights raid on England:
The Zeppelin tilted its nose sky@ard
and moved off, but apparently was
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-04-26
eff sufficient evidence

Ill SuulClonC 0V1QenC0 \ IlI-
ing, neutral government, Fler
to safeguard itself from liat for
failure to preserve it's neutrality, may
reasonably presume from the fact the
status of an armed merchant vessel
which frequents it's waters. There is
no settled rule of international law
as to the sufficiency of evidence to
establish such presumption. AS a
result, a neutral government must
decide for itself the sufI1ciency Of
the evidence which it requires to de-
termine the character Of the vessel.
For the guidance of its port officers
and other officials may therefore de-
clare a standard of evidence, but
such standard may be changed on
account of general conditions of naval
warfare or modified on account Of
circumstances of particular case.
These changes and notifications may
be made at any time during the pro-
gress of the war, so the determina-
tion of status Of an armed merchant
men vessel in neutral waters may
affect the liability of neutral gov
ernment.
"SECOND-AN ARMED MER-
CHANT VESSEL ON THE HIGH
SEAS.
III lS uSCSSbcIy lOl
warship to determine the status of
an armed vessel of an enemy encoun-
tered on the hign seas since the right
of life and property of belIigerents
and neutrals on board the vessel may
be impaired if it's status is that of an
enemy warship.
"2-The determination OF warlike
character must rest in no case upon
presumption, but upon conclusive evi-
dence because the responsibility for
the destruction. of life and property
depends on the actual facts of the
case and cannot be avoided or lessen
ed by standard of evidence which
a belligerent may announce as Great
ing a presumption Of hostile charac,
ter. On the other hand to safeguard
himself from possible liability for un
warranted destruction of life and
property. the belligerent should in the
! absence of conclusive evidence act on
! the presumption that an armed mer
| chant1nan is Of peaceful character.
GA presumption based solely on
the presence of an armament on a
: merchant vessel of an enemy is not
sufficient reason for beliigerent to
declare it to be a warship and pro-
ceed to attack it without regard to
! lue TlSuLS u lle peISOuS Oil DodIO
Conclusive evidence of a purpose to
use the armament for aggression is
essential. Consequently an armament
which neutral government, seeking
to perform its neutral duties may
presume to be intended for aggres-
sion, might in fact on the high seas
to be used solely for protection. A
neutral government has no opportun-
/ ity to determine the purpose Of the
armament of merchant vessel un-
less there is evidence in the ships
papers or other proof as to its previ-
GUS use, so that the government is
justified in substituting an arbitrary
rule of presumption in arriving at the
status of the merchant vessel On
the other hand a belligerent warship
can on the high seas test by actual
experience the purpose of an arma-
ment on an enemy merchant vessel
and so determine by direct evidence
thse status OF the vessel.
Summary
"The status Of an armed merchant
vessel as a warship in neutral waters
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-04-26
Three Columns Are in the
Field Attempting to Over
throw Cabrera.

MEXrCO CITY. April 26.-Many
German officers are directing the
Guatemalan revolution, seeking the
overthrow Of President Estrada
Cabrera, It was learned here today,
ana japanese agents are supplying
arms and ammunittou- Three col
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-04-26
EH(1'L AND

LONDON, April 26.-Three Zeppe-
IIns, it was unofficialIy reported to-
day, participated in last nights raid
on the Kent and See Essex coasts,
the second Zeppelin attack within.
twenty-four hours.
An early statement from the war
office said they were driven off ~
brisk fire from anti-air craft gurs and
apparently did little or no damage.
British ships which engaged the
German squadron that attacked
Lowestoft yesterday morning, have
returned to their base, bringing about
score of wounded. The British
ships were only slightly damaged.
The war office has abandoned hope
for the safe return of the British
aviator reported missing after yester-
day mornings combined Zeppelin and
cruiser raid.
ONE HUNDRED BOMBS.
LONDON, April 26.-zeppeiin raid
ers threw down one hundred bombs
off the Thames estuary least of the
metropolitan district Of London) in
casualties, the war office announced
in an OFFICIAL statement issued this
afternoon announced the Zeppelins
hornbarded London, Colchester, Black
water and Ramsgate.
In the Zeppelin raid on the eastern
counties on Monday night the same
number Of bombs were dropped, but
there was only one casualty, the war
office announced. This raid was over
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-04-26
ONE HUNDRED BOMBS.

CONTINUED on Page 81
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-04-26
AEROPLANES BUSY.

Continued on Page 81
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-04-26

CONTINUED ON Page So
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-04-26

The Telegraph service Of The
Daily Gate City and Constitu-
tion- Democrat is received over
our own leased wire.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-04-26
Await Word From obreeon.

Continued on page 81
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-04-26
War Minister Obregon to Demand Evacuation
on Plea That Country Cannot be Paci-
fed With Americans There.
THREE new REVOLUTIONS UNDER WAY
One Ambitious General Has Already Crossed
the Line While Others Awaiting
the Proper Moment.

Of the Thirteenth cavalry, has gone
to Fort Riley, Kansas, to complete
his recovery from an attack of pneu-
monia which nearly caused his death
in Mexico.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-04-26
Summary

Summary
"The status of an armed merchant
vessel as a warship in neutral waters
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1916-11-29
MARRIED
Miss Alice eehen Becomes the Bride
Of Mr.. William Murphy on Last
. Wednesday, November 22d.

An event of much interest occurred
on Wednesday, November 22d, when
Miss Alice Behen, daughter of Mr.. p
f. Behen of this place, became the
bride of Mr.. William Murphy, son OF
Mr.. and Mrs j. M. Murphy, of Dunlap
The ceremony took place at ST. Rose
of Lima Catholic church, Rev. NJ. J
Farrelly officiating. Promptly at 1880
a. m. the bridal party entered the
church to the strains Of Lohengrin' s
wedding march, beautifully rendered
by Miss Marguerite Haugh. The bride
was stunningly gowned in travelling
costume of dark blue panne silk vel.
vet trimmed in ermine and wore a
large picture hat of blue georgette
crepe over gold cloth trimmed with
bird of, paradise in natural color,
and wore beautiful corsage bouquet
of brides roses and lilies of the val.
ley. The groom was attired in suit
of blue serge. The brides sister.
Miss Elizabeth Behen, and the groom's
brother, Mr.. John Murphy, were the
only attendants. During the cere-
mony Mr.. R. e. Quirk. brother-in-law
of the groom, beautifully sang the
ave Maria" and 81 Love You Truly"
Only the immediate relatives and
friends were in attendance. After the
ceremony the bridal party repaired to
the home of the bride, where an ele-
CANT three course breakfast was serv-
ed under the supervision of Miss An
ma Mccarthy.
The bride, beautiful and accomp-
lished young lady. has grown to wo-
manhood in this locality and is very
popular among the social circles. The
groom is a young man of sterling
qualities and needs no introduction.
Mr.. and Mrs. Murphy departed on
the noon train amid a shower of rise
and old shoes for a honeymoon trip
in the east. where they will visit the
groom's uncle, DR., J. H. Murphy, and
other relatives. After their return
they will be at home to their friends
on a farm owned by the groom two
miles west of Dunlap.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1916-11-29
GOLDEN WEDDING
MIR. and Mrs. Conrad Burke, of Kiron,
Celebrate Golden Wedding on
Saturday, November 25th.

SCHLESWIG,} Nov. 2s-(Special to
the Review)-The golden wedding an
niversary of Mr.. and Mrs. Conrad
Burke was celebrated on Saturday,
November 25th. at their home in Kir-
on, where in the neighborhood of fif-
ty relatives and friends gathered to
honor them.
Mr.. Burke was born June 12, 1888,
at Hesendarstodt. Germany. Freder-
ika Winnge was born June 25, 1S48, at
Muchulburd, Germany. They both
came with their parents to America
in the year 1851 and were married at
Freeport, ILL.,, Nov. 25, 1866. locating
soon after in Black Hawk county. In
the year 1882 they came to Crawford
county, settling on a farm in Morgan
township. where they resided until
1908. when they retired. moving to
kirOn. where they have since made
their home. They have ten children,
twenty-five grandchildren and five
great grandchildren, all of whom re.
side in and around Kiron.
Mr.. and Mrs. Burke have been prom,
inent in the affairs of the community
for over thirty years and are highly
respected citizens. Their many
friends are in hopes that they may
live to celebrate many more wedding
anniversaries.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1916-11-29
BOARD DECIDES
/. ON. TWO: DESIGNS
Supervisors Meet Again With Old SOL
diers and Go Over Plans for Mon
ument to be Erected.
PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS oRDER'D
Old Soldiers Are Well Pleased With
Manner in Which the Board is
Handling the Proposition.

The board of supervisors met with
the cOmmitte of old veterans last We'd
nesday at the court house for the pur-
pose of looking over the designs for
the monument to be erected on the
court house square in memory of the
old soldiers who fought in the civil
war All of the designs were carefully
gone over and after due consideration
two designs were selected. One was
the work of Joe Goss, of Denison, and
the other of w. B. Wayt & Son, of
Sac City. The board has instructed
both parties to draw up plans and
specifications of the two monuments
and have them on file at the. court
house December 4th after which time
the county will advertise for bids for
the construction of both, and after the
bids are received will decide which
monument is to be erected.
Both designs are beautiful and it
was almost impossible for the board
cision as to which would be the most
suitable. The monument designed by
Mr.. Goss will weigh 115 tons when
completed and is most imposing one
being 33 feet high. Mr.. Goss has spent
considerable time in designing it and
those familiar with stone work consid-
er it an exceptionally fine piece OF
work. OF course it is hoped that the
design of Mr. Goss will finally be ac-
cepted in as much as he is local man.
The Wayt monument will weigh II IL
tons when in place and will stand "a
feet and inches in height.
We understand that the board has
promised the Sac City contractor )
per cent of the contract price of the
monument if his design is not accept
ed to defray the expenses of prepar-
ing plans and specifications. This
will amount to in the neighborhood Of
$4,000.
The old soldiers are veil pleased
with the manner in which the board
are handling the matter and believe
the monument, when built, will be a
credit to Crawford county.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1916-11-29
COMMERCIAL CLUB
PLANS NEW Home
Club Considering Proposition to Lease
Third Floor Of New lochmiller
Garage on Sweet Street.
BUILDING IS TO MEASURE ex11o
Mr.. Lochmilier Purohases Swohoda
Property, Together With Nelson
Property for New Garage. -. =

Members of the Commercial club
are considering a proposition made by
MIR. Fl. G. Lockmiller to rent the third
STORY of the new garage building which
he will erect just south of the hotel
Denison for new quarters for the COM
mercial club.
Mr.. Lockmiller has purchased the
Goss Monument works property as
we'll as the old blacksmith shop and
has planned to erect a two story brick
building on this site for garage. He
now proposes to add a third story to
the building and arrange it to suite
the convience Of the Commercial club
The building will measure 90x110
feet and it is proposed to devote the
entire third floor to the Commercial
club dividing it up into several rooms
including a reading room, billiard
room, etc. If the Commercial club de-
cides to lease the third floor, it is said
Mr.. Lockmiller will install an auto
matte elevator. -.-...
The Commercial club has been con-
sidering making change in quarters
for the past year or two owing to the
fact that the membership has so in
creased that the present quarters are
too cramped. The matter will be TAX
en- up by the club at it's next meeting
which will be on Friday evening Of
this week.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1916-11-29
BRYAN BUYS OUT WILSON.
Sensational Runor Circulated Around
Denison Run Down by Revisw &c. %
porter and Found to be True.

A sensational rumor was circulated
around Denison the first OF the week
that Bryan had bought out Wilson. All
of the particulars seemed to DO known
by a, few we'll informed peoDle who
stated emphatically that the deal was
closed and that Bryan would take pos
session January 1st.
The Reviews sub reporter was given
the assignment and at once had visions
of front page article with six deck
head. Bryan, of grape juice fame, buy
ing out President Wilson? What
could it mean? Had the Nebraska
STATESMAN, erstwhile secretary of
state, taken an option on President
Wilson's job and finally turned the
deal? Had he forced Wilson into the
deal knowing that he was too proud
to fight to retain that which rigltful-
ly belonged to him. No reporter ever
went out of newspaper Office with
greater hopes than did the Cub report
er.
After chasing down every rumor
and interviewing person after person
who had an inkling Of the deal it was
found that Blame Wilson had disposed
of his residence in Denison to Ed
ridge Bryan, of Arion, who will take
possession of the same January LIST,
the deal being made by the J. w. Mill.
err, Jr. real estate agency The big
story was exploded and it was a
chagrined reporter that returned to
this Office and turned in the true story.