davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1916-12-07
At the Lyric

John r. Gordon and company in COM
edy, "a knight for a Day." and Hop
kins and Axtell in a travesty, entitled
Travelling feature the new bill that
will be presented at today's matinee.
In "A Knight for Day" John r. Cor
don and company present an exceedingly
entertaining number, and this act has
been highly praised in cities where it has
appeared. Hopkins and Axtell entertain
with clever satire on travelling on mod
ern day railways. Hickman, Shaw and
Campbell will furnish the musical fea-
ture of the bill. Lew Wilson is a va
riety entertainer and the Escardos are
gymnasts extraordinary. Pathe pictures
will be a feature.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1916-12-07


be had. is there any excuse for an
hours delay in attending this sale:
If you will hurry up a little you will
find all the good pianos in this stock,
such as "Knabe," "Kimball," Stein
way" Fischer" 'Mathushel1." EN-
erson," "Kurtzman" and about all the
other good ones, either new. slightly
used or secondhand. All fred tagged"
in plain figures at prices that will
make them sell.
SPECIAL NOTICE
We have been requested by some
of the makers of the pianos in this
stock not to sell any of them to deal
ers or persons buying to sell again.
which request Will be strictly carried
out by us.
Out-of-town people should patron
ize this sale. 1t will pay you to come
hundreds of miles to buy a piano.
Every instrument warranted to be as
represented, or your money back il
we cannot please you. If you cannot
come, write, phone or wire us for bar
gain list, or tell us how much you
! want to pay, leave selection to us, and
we will please you fully.
| Our Thirty fourth Anniversary Piano
| Sale started December 1 and will only
| last a short time. If you cam pos
| sibly get here, don't miss it. Open
evenings until $40. 2o17 First avenue
SEALS PIANO co.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1916-12-07
Birmingham May Be One
Of Cities Designated For
Parcel Post Experiment
By HUGH w. ROBERTS

| would be guaranteed at the same time
a reasonable profit on his enterprise.
The Alabama delegation is consulting
with the bureau of markets Of the de-
partment of agriculture to the end that
Birmingham might secure the opportunity
of putting such experiments into effect
On its initiative, the Birmingham post
office with the assistance of The Age
Herald has already broken the ice in this
respect, but it is believed that such ex-
periments conducted under the eye of the
government, would rebound in an adver-
Using way greatly to the credit of Biz
mingham.
1t is anticipated that the commercial
organizations will get busy. Jacksonville
is making a strenuous effort to acquire
ga motion for an experiment.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1916-12-07
ADJUSTMENTS
AL III. Wilson

The story of the new Irish song-play,
MY Killarney Rose to be presented by
Al II. Wilson, the singing dialect COM
edian, at the Jefferson Friday and Satur-
day, matinee Saturday, is said to be so
highly diverting that it would make a
remarkably interesting novel were it pub
lshed as SUCH Every moment during
the action one is enthralled by the adj
ventures of Tom Carey, an Irish rover
and his mysterious wife who marries him
and then deserts him at the altar with
the command to never speak to her
again.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1916-12-07
Cured His RUPTV J

was badly ruptured while Il
trunk several years ago. Doctt
my only hope of cure was an
ton! yrusses. did me no good.
and completely cured me. Yea
passed and the rupture has ne
turned, although I am doing har
as a carpenter. There was no
ton, no lost time, no trouble,
nothing to sell, but will give full
nation about how you may find
plete cure without operation.
write to me. Eugene M. Pulie
penter, 50S-C Marcellus Avenue
asquan, N. j. Better cut OF
notice and show it to any othe
are ruptured-you may save a
at least stop the misery of ruptl
the worry and danger of an ope
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1916-12-07

Washington, December e.-(Special)-An
opportunity for the commercial organiza-
lions Of Birmingham:
During the last session of Congress an
amendment to the postoffice appropria-
ton bill provided that three cities in the
United States should be chosen where
experiments might be made to determine
the feasibility of farmers, by means OF
the parcel post, sending their products
directly into the homes of consumers.
Those responsible for the amendment
considered the elimination of the so-called
middle man, the idea being that if prod
ucts were sent into the homes of consul
mers, consumers would pay less for their
means of sustenance and the farmer
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1916-12-07
Inaugural Manager SeIes

uAdI Mdnager SeleS
washington, December 6.-Ro
Harper, a Washington bank p
has been selected as chairman
committee to have charge Of
monies here next March incident
dent Wilson'S second inaugural
in the case of Mr.. Wilson'S first
ration there will be no inaugural
a reception or some other socis
may take its place. The ceremt
include a parade.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1916-12-07
THE WEATHER
Weather Forecast

Washington, December 6.-Forecast for
Alabama: Fair Thursday; local rains at
night or Friday; colder Friday north
portion.
Georgia: Fair Thursday; Friday partly
cloudy; probably rain north portion.
Mississippi: Increasing cloudiness
Thursday; local rains at night or Fri
day; colder in interior.
Tennessee: Fair, warmer east; cloudy
west portion; Thursday probably local
rains; Friday rain and colder.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1916-12-07

An Austrian chemist claims to have
invented liquid coating for smoked
meats that soon hardens and preserves
them indefinitely.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1916-12-07
Local Data
Weather Conditions

Summary of observations made at Uni
ted states weather bureau stations dur
ing the "a hours ending at s p. M, 10Th
meridian time. December 6. 1916:
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1916-12-07
BUCHAREST IN HANDS
OF TEUTON ARMY
Continued from Page one)

svlvanian Alps, which it was necessary
, to carry to reach the Rumanian plain.
The Rumanians, assisted in some cases
bv the Russians, tenaciously defended
these pa sses and their approaches, but
all along the line the Teutonic attack
progressed and finally on November 16
came the vital break in the Rumanlan
line. This occurred in the Upper jul
valley. when Won Falkenhayn won the
great battle of Tirgu-Jui and opened the
way to the plains of Little Wallachiai
CONQUEST OF WALLACHIA
Driving southwark Won Falkenhayn
quickly captured Craiova, cutting off the
Rumanian forces in the Orsoca region,
in extreme western Rumania and by
November % had virtually completed the
conquest of Little Wallachia. The Ru-
manian retreat eastward was in tull
swing by this time when suddenly came
the news that Won Mackensen, who had
been marshalling a big army in DobrudJa,
had effected a crossing of the Danube
at several points, one of them at Zimnit-
"a. turning the position the Rumanians
had taken up along the Alt river after
the retreat from Jlul.
EVENTS MOVED RAPIDLY
From then on events moved rapidly.
Won Mackensen, capturing Giurgiu, IN
the Danube pressed on towards Bucha-
rest, and the armies from the west and
north, winning engagements that permit
ted the influx of additional forces
through the passes, fought their way to
the line of the Argechu.
This line was broken in great battle
of December g. of which the First Ru-
manian army was badly defeated and
began falling back eastward in disorder
The Austro-G German armies were nearing
the capital on three sides. and at no
point except on the south meeting rallies
of the Rumanians.
In entering Bucharest the armies of
the central powers have taken their fourth
entente capital. Early in the war King
Albert and the Belgian government were
forced out Of Brussels, and last year King
Peter of Servia and King Nicholas OF
Montenegro were successfully compelled
to give up their capitals to the Teutonic
invaders Now the process has been re-
peateQ IN the case VI Mig L eruiudHu Oh
Rumania.
Bucharest, before the present war rele-
gated old-fashioned Notifications to the
scrap heap, was considered extremely
well defended by it's outlying works,
which comprised IS Notifications of the
first class and many redoubts and bat
teries. Aside from Paris it was ac-
counted probably the largest military
camp in the world, capable of accom-
modating 100000 men. The city is a gay
capital in peace times, with population
of nearly 100000, and was frequently al
luded to as 1.-The Paris of the East
1t covers an area in excess of 20 square
miles, contains the royal residence the
government buildings and other notable
structures and is the center of consid-
cradle trade.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1916-12-07
Every Piano Is a Great Bargain
We Started Out to Sell 237 Pianos in Than Three Weeks
TmeIts Big Task, But Big Things Are Possible If You
Use the Right Kind of Publicity
Only the Best Pianos at This Sal

Come and Select Piano of Your Favorte Make at Saving
$780, 5000 $3.50 Some Styles Pay For 1t on Pract
caly Your Own Terms-We Want Them All Out
in the Next Ten Days
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1916-12-07
A GREAT PIANO SLAUGHTER
At SEALS PIANO CONPANYS
FOR BALANCE Of THIS WEEK

Seals Piano Co.'s Great Thirty Fourth Anniversary Piano Sale
is Attracting the Attention of Piano Buyers From All Sec
tons-The Enthusiasm Seems to Grow With Each Day
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1916-12-07
PIAoNs FOR EVERY HOME

eral way. You should come to see for
yourself just what this sale means to
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1916-12-07

e. c. HORTON, Local Forecaster.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1916-03-15
LIST OF PETIT JURORS
For Court of Common Pleas Which
Will Convene Here on Monday,
March, the 9th.

The following are the jurors for
the first week of the court of COM
mon pleas, which will convene here
on Monday, March the 9th, Judge
J. S. Wilson, presiding.
Due West Township-R. c. Ellis,
]. NJ. Fisher, o. X. Brock, S o. Bran
yon, Enoch Smith. =.
Abbeville Township-R. W. Smith,
R. H. Kay, W. E. Owen, A. G. King,
o. S. Cochran, ]. w. McIlwaine, Jene
Price.
Smithville Township-A. H Miller,
R. H. Tolbert.
Magnolia Township. H. Jordan,
Geo. McCantey, T. H. Bonds, P. w.
Cox, C. A. Tolbert.
Diamond Hill Township. F..
Rodgers, T. A. Hall, ]. T. Ellenburg:
Lowndesville Township-A. B. Hill
M. w. Tucker, J H Hutchison.
Donalds Township-A. S. Dunn, j..
A. Cox, J. R. DeVore, ]. M. Richey,
Allen Gambrell.
Cedar Springs Township-A. X.
Woodhurst.
Indian Hill Township-W. P. Long
Long Cane Township-R. W. King,
w. L. Dawson, T. H. McIlwaine.
Bordeaux Township-J. L. Rey-
nolds.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1916-03-15
X x X X X
ANTREVILLE

Mr.. and Mrs. S. J. Wakefield, Mr..
and Mrs. Norris Wakefield and Mr
Jesse Bell were visitors in Anderson
Monday.
Mrs. Fannie Milford of Abbeville,
spent Monday very pleasantly with
Mrs. A. M. Erwin.
Mrs. Sci Young, and Mrs. Fannie
Milford were guests of Mrs. Gussie
Stokes Tuesday night.
- Mrs. S. J. Wakefield, and Miss
Mary Anderson visited at Latlmer
part of Thursday and Friday.
Rev. and Mrs. McRee, of Iva, visit
ed at Mr.. A. M. Erwin's Friday.
Mr.. J. T. Erwin and Henry Erwin
were business visitors to Abbeville
Saturday.
Mr.. A. M. Erwin returned from
Tennessee Saturday. .
A play, Hearts and Diamonds"
will be given at the Antreville High
School Auditorium Friday evening,
the 18th.
Mr.. Jesse Bell will take charge of
the new garage. He will ever be
ready to mend the cars. Make it
convenient to come.
Miss Mary Anderson and Mr.. Jesse
Bell visited Miss Mscie Sharpe Sab
bath afternoon.
MI. ]. T. Erwin and family were
guests at Mr.. A. M. Erwin's Sabbath.
Mrs. Fannie Milford returned to
Abbeville Thursday after two weeks
or more spent at the home of her
young days.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1916-03-15
LEGAL NOTICE.

An Act was passed at the 1916 ss-
sion of the Legislature requiring any
person holding claims against tfe
County to send in a separate itemi1ed
and sworn statement for each de-
partment las Jail, poor house, cfain
gang, etc), to which it may be charge
oh1e-said bill must be entered ia q
"File book of Claims" (and so tesi-
fled to by County Auditory ten days
before the meeting Of the Board OF
County Commissioners or it will have
to be carried over to the next month
ly meeting. For the convenience of
those living out of town, the Board
will hold this book open until the 5dl
of the making the regular
meeting of the Board fall on the 18th
unless that should fall on Sunday,
when it will be held Monday follow
ing, instead of Tuesday after the first
Monday, as now held.
w. A. STEVENSON, d,
Supervisor Abbeville County,
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1916-03-15
FOR BRONCHITIS, VvHooP'HG COUGH,
GROUP, COUGHS AND COLDS
Make the Best Remedy at Teaspoonsfu so

If everything was sold in as liberal and
fair manner as the below named drug
eists are selling Schiffmann's New Con-
centrated Expectorant, absolutely no
cause for complaint or dissatisfaction
could possibly arise from anyone. These
druggists say-"Buy bottle of this rem.
edy and try it for Bronchitis, Whooping
Cough, Severe Cough, Group or any
Bronchial Affection, and we will return
your money, just the same as we do with
Schiffmann's famous Asthmador, If it
does not give satisfaction, Or if not found
the best remedy ever used for any of
these complaints" Why not take ad-
VANTAGE of this guarantee and Try this
medicine, and get your money back, rath-
er than buying another purely on the
exaggerated claims of its manufacturer
or on the strength of testimonials from
others and run the chance of getting
something worthless and also wasting
Your money?
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1916-03-15
TAKE LIV-VER-LAX
AND FEEL WELL 4

Don't suffer from the i'll effects. of
an inactive liver, such as headache,
indigestion, constipation, lack of etl-
ergy and low spirits, when for little
money you can get remedy of
proved merit. GRIGSBY'S LEV-
VER-LAX will get your liver right
and let you enjoy better health and
brighter spirits. LIV-VER-LAX acts
naturally and effectively. Has none
of the dangers and bad after effects
of celomel. Sold under an absolute
money refund guarantee at SOC and
81 bottle. Each bottle is protected
by the likeness of L. X. GrigsbY. For
sale by any druggist.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1916-03-15

In buying this remedy, besides secur.
ing an absolute guarantee OF its efficiency
from these druggists, you also get about
eight times as much medicine as you
would in buying most any of the old.
fashioned, ready-made kinds, which aver
age from 20 to 80 teaspoonsful, because
SOC worth makes whole pint (l28 tea.
spoonsfuD when mixed at home with
simply one pint of sugar and one.half pint
of water. This remedy positively does
not contain chloroform, opium, morphine
or any other narcotic. Itis pleasant to take
and children are fond of it. You will be
the sole judge, and under this positive
guarantee absolutely no risk is run in buy.
ing this remedy. Druggists everywhere
are authorized to sell it under the same
guarantee as Schiffmann's famous Asth-
msdor of Money Back" if not perfectly
satisfactory. R. ]. Schiffmann, Proprietor,
Sai-- P-"' Nfinn. Guararteed here by
The McMurray Drug Company.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1916-03-15
WE MUST HAVE HEAVIER
INHERITANCE TAXES

The Progressive Farmer.
No other farm paper in the South
is making the fight The Progressive
Farmer is making to compel our gov
ernments to collect larger part of
the taxes from inheritances and in
comes and put smaller share of the
tax burden on labor and thrift. In
the West we are glad to see that the
Prairie Farmer of Chicago is carry
ing on the same sort of agitation. In
a recent issue it quotes the following
extract from the Editorial, South
Wiley, Ind:
"How loEg will it take our million
aires and multi-millionaires to double
the value of their holdings and alb
sorb the greater part of the nations
aggregate wealth? Bear in mind that
every increase in the number of mil
lionaires means diminishing oppor-
tunity for the many to accum-
ulate. The most oppressive trusts
we have in this country are those
that unscrupulously watered their
stock so as to double or treble its
nominal value. The productive forces
of the country are compelled to pay
tribute to these trusts on their inf1a-
ted basis. How long will the Ameri-
can people tamely submit to thus
serving as hewers of wood and draw
ers of water? Money judiciously in
vested can easily be doubled in ten
or eleven years. Invested in an eco
nomically and prudently conducted
building and loan association, money
will be doubled in ten years and
three months. Assuming the present
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1916-03-15
Deafness Cannot Be Cured

by local applications. as they cannot reach
the diseased portion Of the ear. There 10
only one way to cure deafness. and that 10
by constitutional remedies Deafness is
caused BY an infiamed condition Of the mu
cous lining Of the Eustachian Tube. When
this tube is infiamed you have rumbling
sound or imperfect hearing. and when It is
entirely closed, Deafness is the result, and
unless the Inflammation can be taken out
and this tube restored to its normal condi-
ton, hearing will be destroyed forever; nine
which is nothing but an iniamed condition
of the mucous surfaces.
We will give One Hundred Dollars for any
case OF Deafness (caused by catarrh) that
cannot be cured by Halls Catarrh Cure.
Send for circulars. free.
+. ]. CHENEY & CO., Toledo. Ohio.
Sold by Druggists, 76c.
Take Halls Family Pills for constipation
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1916-03-15
LONG CANE

Mr.. and Mrs. w. S. Bosler and lit
tie ones, spent the weekend with Mr.
and Mrs. w. D. Beauford.
Mr.. and Mrs. Fred Rampey and
little son, spent Monday evening with
Mrs. John Bolts.
Miss Nina Beauford spent Satur-
day in the city.
Mr.. John Balan spent few days
of last week in Pomaria, with his
home folks.
Messrs w. H. Beauford and Lay
ton James of near Due West, spent
Sunday with Mr.. w. D. Beauford.
Mr.. w. D. Beauford is on the sick
list at this writing. We hope for him
an early recovery.
Mr.. Jim Carol and little son, of
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1916-03-15

the city, spent Sunday with Mr.. and
Mrs. L. F. Finley.
Mrs. Emma Haddon is on the sick
list. We wish for her an early re-
covery.
Miss Eva Finley spent the week
end in the city with Mr.. and Mrs. j.
M. McKellar.
Mrs. Bob King and children spent
a few days of last week in the Cold
Springs community with relatives.
Mr.. John Cromer is on the sick
list at this writing. We hope for him
a speedy recovery.
Mr.. and Mrs. J. M. McKellar of
the city, spent Sunday evening with
Mr.. and Mrs. W.. D. Beauford.
Misses Allie, Viola and lone Beau
ford are unable to attend school at
this writing. We hope they will soon
be we'll of their colds and able to at
tend school.
Mr.. H. o. Stevenson spent Sunday
evening with Mr.. w. D. Beauford.
Mr.. Andrew Hill, of near Lown-
desville, spent a few days of last
week with Mr.. and Mrs. ]. A. Ellis.
Mr.. R. B. Haddon was visitor to
the city Thursday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Earl Stewart and
children spent the weekend in the
Cold Spring community with Mr.. and
Mrs. Billie Stewart.
Mr.. and Mrs. Tom McCord enter
tanned quite number of the young
folks at a dance Thursday night.
Mr.. and Mrs. D. F. Finley of the
city, spent the weekend with MIR.
and Mrs. L. F. Finley.
The La Grippe is the dread sick
ness of this community at the pres
ent. Nancy.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1916-03-15

aggregate wealth of this country to
be S20O,OOO,OOO,OO0, an enormous
proportion of which is already held
or owned by millionaires and multi
millionaires, it will not be difficult
to figure out what conditions will be
ten years from now-if meanwhile
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1916-03-15
SOUTHERN RAILWAY SCHEDULE

Arrival and departure on trains
effective January %, 1916. Sched-
ule figures published only as infor-
nation. Not Guaranteed.
ABBEVILLE, S. c.
No. Arrive From:
109 Charleston-G -Greenville 11:20 m
113 Charleston Columbia $40 p m
115 Greenville- -Belton 8:02 p m
No. Depart For:
108 harleston-Greenville 9:55 m
112 Belton-Greenville 3:45 pm
ia Columbia-C Charleston 6:35 pm
Trains 100 and ia connect st
Hodges with Pullman sleeping car
line for and from Columbia and
Charleston.
For complete information call on
Ticket Agent or address:
w. R. TABER, TPA.,
Greenville, S. C.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1916-03-15

equal opportunities for our children,
is by enacting a heavy National In
heritance tax. Let wealth pay the
bill, and forget the silly talk of spe-
cial taxes on bank checks and gaso-
line"
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1916-03-15
BOARDERS WANTED-Jur,

BOARDERS WANTED-Jurors and
all others attending court and
wanting something good to eat and
a good place to sleep, are hereby
notified that they can have their
wants satisfied by stopping at Mrs.
Jas. Taggart's boarding house on
Pinckney Street. Rates reason
able. ct
El Nuevo mexicano., 1916-03-09
2ebuk I A Again

Il Is an awful thing to be cursed with
'qe mastery Of sarcasm So subtle that 1t has
DO ACCOMPANIED with diagrams, plates
Globes, charts and a steam dFill to gst ii
scrcaR Every time We attempt it embar
RAISING explanations and calculations are
necessary and one of these days we shall
earn the bitter lesson of the ifutilHy Of our
SEPARATIONS toward satire and revert to plain
bromide United States language, finally
persuaded of our Mutations and convinced
II our delusion,
The Santa Fe Eagle Is III high dudgeon
because II thinks We ave come out In sup
port Of Mayor Bill ana Uncle Tom and the
ENLISTMENT parlors. Hs no use trying to
xplaih, We are too discouraged to attempt
1t. Words fail us, NE are speechless be
reft of utterance, ~tonguestied and lip-seaIed
Xon remember the Weal known huinorist-
We never can remember whether 1t was ri
lex ri Eugene Field-who never dared to be
Fanny as He could after one OF hig Wheel
~ resulted IN the sudden death Of a victim.
snd YET sometimes we think that would be
grefenabIe-to have them die with at least
tle consolation Of knowing that they saw
tie point.
El Nuevo mexicano., 1916-03-09
Ten Years Of American
Motor Car Production
GRAY Paris

tParis Letter to the London Times.9
Paris has become q study in gray. II II
Not simply In the architecture and ia the
outward seinhlance Of things but III the
cafes, the clubs and horses Gray are the
men who wait upon YOU with coffee and Il.
elieefss gray and quartet playing cards upon
The green cloth; a gray haired charfeif
returns 4 "Mcrcig for the customary pour
huiFc. EVEN the 'bunralistesH when g0a
buy stamps has become sympathetic under
her hlanched locks.
A world Of gray. And III the shadows pass
women yelled, secretlye, pressing upon soma
mission Of lirgeney. They also, are gray
perhaps Ia grief. the white edging Of Tho
black h~eseaking the youth Of the departed
or living In a gray world Of their pwn The
more 10 serve those who suffer.