davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1916-01-06
LAT|N-AMER|CAN BUG
HAS CAREFREE LIFE
Or. L. o. Howard Tells Scientific
Congress How United States
Fights Insects.

The bugs Of South and Central Amer
lea live a gayer and more carefree life
than do the bugs of the United States
DR.. L. O. Howard. the distinguished
bugologist of the Department of Agri-
culture. told members OF the Pan
American Scientific Congress at a meet
ing of the conservation section at the
Raleigh Hotel today.
DR.. Howard Is the man who started
swatting the fy into historical memory
and has done much with the mosquito
and the meek and lowly potato bug. He
appeared before the scientists OF the
three Americas today to ask for better
cooperation between the various coun-
tries represented with a view of re-
stricting the activity of bugs even more
than is at ~resent the case.
DR.. Howard explained lust what a
HARD time a bug is having making lv-
ing in the United States at the present
time. BY the expenditure OF ST. 500, 900 a
year on the elimination of the bug from
the agricultural equation in this country
something like from fifty to one hun
dred millions of dollars per year has
been saved in agricultural products
previously destroyed by bugs. There is
no such work as this being carried on
in South and Central America. and as
a result South and Central America have
become the most favored places for
bugs. DR.. Howard explained lust what
undesirable citizens the bugs made and
suggested the organization of a Pan
American bug eXtermnating commits
sion. The European countries and
Japan support institutions of this char
aCtcr
The support OF such a service" Dr.
Howard said 'is obviously a highly
paying investment for any country in
the protection that it affords from the
ravages of insects upon all Agricultural
crops and in other directions. Such a
service is further needed I'm American n
countries to inteligentlv prevent the in
PRODUCTION of new insect pests through
quarantine and comnetent inspection
this competence being brought about by
thorough sCio"'itic knowledge of the
injurious insects of all countries"
The Washington times., 1916-01-06
REMARKABLE PROSPERITY SHOWN.

This being automatic, because II has
been proved by such lorg experience.
II can be said that the country without
regard to sections or special interests is
in a condition OF remarka bic prosperity.
The First Assistant Postmaster General,
who knows all about postoffice affairs.
is certain of it, because lie Is transfer
ring so many postoffices from the fourth
grade to the third grade. and making
corresponding increases in the classi-
fication of other offices.
The lowest classification of postoffices
Is the fourth class. In these the post
masters are paid according to the can
cellations Of stamps, the compensation
running up to $1,000 year. When the
81 ,00C point is reached 1t is transferred
to the third class, with fixed salary.
The number of these transfers In a
given period Is one OF the pest tests
of the business circumstances or the
country and small towns.
In the last six months the number OF
transfers from the fourth to the third
class Is believed TO have bcen iarsGr
than ever before In a like period. 1t
is not yet possible to give accurate
that has come to the department. )usl.
fles this impression. In fact. the nrst
half of the current fiscal year - hkciy
TO be credited with as large. number
in any full year for lcng time.
Are Steadily Decreasing.
The number OF fourth class post
offices in the country is now Steadlly
decreasing. This is partly due to
their abolition as the rural free de-
livery extends and makes them un-
necessary, and partly due to the fact
that so many of them are being rals-
ed to higher classifications. On the
other hand the number OF frst, sec
ond, and thir class Offices grows Just
as steadily. These are so large and
important that they seldom require
to be abolished by reason OF rural de-
livery: rather, their business tends TO
be increased as the smaller ofnces are
taken out.
The figures show that in 1911 there
were ,2s7 fourth class offices. That
number has been growing steadily
less year by year. until on July l
last there were only 1880: the .de-
crease running just about 1000 per
year with rather impressive regular
ity But since July l last there has
been big jump in the number of
promotions from fourth to third class.
Even in the frst half OF the last
calendar year the increase In these
changes was very marked; now the
changes are being made in unprece-
dented numbers.
First Assistant Postmaster General
Roper, discussing this aspect OF the
business, said that when he came into
office three years ago there were a
little over 5000 postoffices Of the
The Washington times., 1916-01-06
Education Should Extend Channel
OF Opportunity TO Every Child,
Believes DIR. William A. White.

IN yesterday afternoons edition OF
lhe Washington Times l lind an article
py Winifred Black on Education"
"hich takes me to task for the alleged
statement that l made recently in
boston to the effect that children OF
Door parents should not be educated
ABOVE their condition in life. II is
gratifying to see that the writer of
the article states that she does not
belieVe | meant what / am alleged to
rave said. As the matter has received
70 much publicity. ! trust you can find
room IN your columns FOR my state
ment that / not only did not intend to
.ag any such thing, but that as mat,
yer or fact Irdid not say any such
thing.
In my talk in Eostnn of perhaps
,nree quarters of an hour, ] spent
me relation of mental hygiene TO edu-
cation, and 1t is perhaps not surpris-
ing, from the brevity of my remarks,
mat they should have been misunder-
stood. J was speaking in general for
useful versus a useless education,
ior an education that was adjusted To
he needs Of the individual rather
Than for an educational scheme into
which every individual. no matter
what his needs, had to at.
.As | take II, the fundamental char
acteristic of a democracy which gives
us fatth In it's greater value than an
autocrattc form Of government Is it's
much broader extension Of opportun-
ity. Education Is ono Of the channels
through which opportunity is extend
cd, and this channel should be made
as brosd and as serviceable as pos
sible. Just as we have come to the
bel'ef that education is for the puS-
pose OF developing to the fun the pos
sibilittes of the child, 80 opportunity
is to develop to the full the possibili-
ties OF the people, and the broader and
more extensive It Is tho better. Vcry
truly yours, VIM A. WHITE
Washington, y. c., Jan. S.
The Washington times., 1916-01-06
$4,000 PAN:AMERICAN
AERO PRIZE OFFERED
Club Puts Up Trophy to "Hasten
Air Travel to Rio de
Janeiro."

ITO hasten the day when one may
travel in the air from Rio de Jauier
to New York;" the Aero Club of Amer
ioa has offered s., 900 Pan-American
aviation trophy, to be competed for
annually by representatives Of the ma
tions of the Western Hemisphere.
The announce ment OF tho prize YVES
made by Alan r. ITawley, president OF
the club. through Ambassador Domln-
cia da CANA Of Brazil.
1t is planned to hold the frst race
at Rio de Janiero as soon az possible,
and subsequent ones probably in the
countries represented by the success
sive winners OF the trophy. They will
be conducted under rules to be formu-
lated by all International committee
selected through aviation clubs In the
various countries.
Bringing the people OF the two CONT
meets into closer relations through
sport as we'll as the solving of diff
cult problems OF transportation and
the formation of a reserve which could
be used in case of need to defend the
Western Hemisphere. are stated as fur
thcr objects of the new competition
Its suggestion is credited by the Aero
Club 10 Alberto Santos Dumont. Bra
lillian inventor and sportsman.
In his letter to Ambassador da Cana
announcing the prlZe, freSlQent ffaWley,
Of the Aero club, says:
There are thousands of places not
yet connected by railways or roads
right in the United States. and there
must be tens of thousands in the West
ern Hemisphere, where aeroplanes
could transport mail and eNpreHs mel
chandse at fraction of the time re-
quirod at present. Taking only two in.
stances from a plan outlined by the
United States Postoffice, the acroplsne
makes it possible to carry mail between
Albany. \. Y, and Lake Placid, N V.
In a district most closely connected By
railway. in two hours and fifteen min-
utes, whereas It now takes eight hour0
and ten minutes; between MaricopS
Cal. and Santa Maria. Cal. the aero-
plane can deliver the mail in one hour,
where 1t now takes fifteen hours and
ten minutes This is made possible by
the fact that the aeroplane can travel in
2 straight line, whereas other vehicles
must follow roads"
The BRAZILIAN amba ssHdor and John
Barrett have accepted an invitation 10
tho tCnlh annual banquet Of the Aero
CIub or America at the Biitmore, in
New York. January II.
The Washington times., 1916-01-06
A PURE SCHOOL LAW

Washington has every claim to
being national educational center.
The opportunities here for research,
study, and library work are now
generally recognized. The pres
ence of the Governments scientific
laboratories, many historical ar
chives, of the Congressional Lii
braries, and many scientific collec-
tions in Government bureaus, tends
to make the opportunities for the
student unparalleled.
Yet the prestige of those institu-
tions in Washington which stand
high has been imperiled by "di-
ploma factories" and pseudo uni
versities which the absence of reg
ulation permitted. The measure of
Senator Gallinger, which would reg
ulate and classify educational in
stitutions, and stop the sale of
diplomas by unscrupulous concerns,
would make for the distinct gain
Of Washington. There is nothing in
the Gallinger measure, as present
cd to the Senate, to do harm to any
legitimate institution.
The only requirement is that
these institutions should incorporate
in accord with their purpose. If
they are money-making concerns
they can incorporate as joint stock
corporations. If designed for re-
ligious, benevolent, or special train
ing, they are to be incorporated as
such. Only universities and COL
leges are to be incorporated as "in-
stitutions of learning" and the de-
grees to be conferred by these are
to be regulated.
This is not handicapping legiti-
mate education. 1t is a sort of edu-
cational pure, food law, insuring the
buyer that what he gets shall be
full measure and the genuine
article. The sooner such law
goes into effect in the Capital, the
sooner will this city become ma
tionally recognized as it ought to
be in the field of education.
The Washington times., 1916-01-06
WHEN EDUCATORS sIDEsTEp

The court order restoring to her
place in the schools woman teach
er of admitted ability, whose only
offcnse consisted of getting mar
ricd, is highly gratifying to friends
of the schools. The only pity is
that the matter had to come before
the courts at all. placing the Board
of Education in the position of being
forced to do something which COM
mon sense should have prompted it
to do Of it's own accord.
The cause was not only one in
volving simple justice to Mrs.
Gladys Aline Strong Hellman, and
other individuals placed in a SINH
lar position. The fact that the
board goes out and engages mar
Iied women teachers would be
enough to justify her claim to re-
tain her position.
But the case had social and edu-
cational aspects of a broader ma
ture. When most agencies are
WI niiS W SiNOui tSS InS
Board of Education set itself to
placing a handicap on the institu-
tion. When most educators are try
ling to solve the problem of keeping
competent teachers the board chose
to enforce an archaic rule which
has forced it, in many instances, to
retire competent members of it's
teaching force. The board has gone
on record as encouraging teaching
as a life profession, then it pro-
eeeds to place a handicap on women
who would adopt the profession by
denying it to them after marriage,
if they happen to be married while
teaching here.
Now the board has never discuss
ed in open session, the question of
married women teachers. 1t
simply let the matter slide, despite
protests and requests from both
men and women of prominence, and
then fought the case when it got to
court.
BY a curious coincidence, on the
The Washington times., 1916-01-06

three highest grades; he estima led
that this number had now increased
by round 1000
One OF the causes Of. the more rapid
raises in the classification OF postof-
fees is the increasing volume OF the
parcel post business. Salaries Of all
postmasters in the country except those
In the six greatest offices, arc made
to bear a relationship to the business OF
the offices. As a result the postmaster
ing business is a highly prosperous one,
as proved by the great number of
salary advances due to bigger business.
The parcel post has earned, and has,
the gratitude Of an army Of minor post
masters whose offices have been made
worth the holding by reason of the
larger business II has brought
A like experience was felt. beginning
twenty years ago, when rural free de-
livery was initiated. The volume of
postal business showed a big jump. and
1t kept on jumping rapidly until prac-
tically the whole country was gridiron-
cd with rural routes. But the present
increase Is not due to such causes: the
delivery system comes pretty near being
universal now. so far as Is practica bic ;
and tho advance in business volume
once more reflects steady conditions.
Difficult To Get Men.
Yet another sign Of the prosperity felt
everywhere, is the difficulty OF getting
postmasters for the smaller offices.
There is never any difficulty securing
service in the first. second and third
class offices. which offer bigger pay
and have larger communities on which
to draw for postmaster talent. But
when 1t gets down to the little OFFICES
it's different. Hundreds OF cases are
presented every year. in which rural
communities have to be raked over
with all care in the effort to find some
body willing to read the postal cards
and cancel the stamps. The rural Of
fee is a good deal OF nuisance and
a rural responsibility.
The department has discovered. how
ever. that when community fails TO
produce a candidate for postma 81 or
there is one proceeding that is alto
gether likely to bring It to terms. That
is. to abolish the office. This is often
rescrted to as means to stirring up
the folks. Offices are abolished with
all sol"mnity and appearance OF GOOD
faith almost every day. when the de-
partmcnt has no notion of "rialting
good" on the matter. II is jrst a blum
to arocse the people to realization
that their postoffice means something to
them. and that unless they produce n
postmaster. or consent to accept the
possible one to whom perhaps they
have been objecting. they may lose the
office altogether. AS rule. the an
nounCement that an office Will be abol-
ishcd at some future date produces the
postmaster: If not. the actua! discon-
tinuance OF service is pretty certain to
do It,
The Washington times., 1916-01-06
WHAT'S ON PROGRAM
IN CAPITAL TODAY
Meeting, Thomas Jefferson Council. jr. {

Meeting. Thomas jefferson Council, Ir.. O,
L. A. NJ, New Masonic Temple EtghIh h
and + streets northeast, S p. m
Meeting Pocshontss Memorial Association
Hotel Bellevue, t:3o p. IN.
Meeting with address by Mrs. John Dickin-
son sherman, Twentieth Century club SIl
Souls Church. II a. m
Meeting, Washington delegates 10 the animal
convention OF the Woman's Peace Party al
home OF Miss Aline Solomons, 1906 street
northwest y, m.
Lecture .Jesus and Buddha Compared -
Prot. William Macon Coleman. Oriental
University. Fourteenth and Chaplin streets
northwest, D. m.
Week OF prayer services, under auspice. or
the Womsns 1nterdenominationaI Mission
Church, to p. m.
Meeting. Holy Name Society OF Holy Trinity
Church, in parish hall, s p. m
Entertainment for benefit OF the Catholic
Home for Aged Ladies, ball room, Cairo,
today
Luncheon for benefit of Sibley Hospital. un-
der auspices OF the Sibley Hospital Guild.
old Masonic Temple, today
Suffrage rally with address by Mrs Flor
ence jackson Stoddard, 2007 Columbia road
northwest, p. m.
Masonic--Hiram. No. 10. E A; Masonic
Board OF Relief.
Eastern star-Esther. No. 5. degree.
Odd Fellows-Lodges: Columbia, No 10:
Covenant, No. IS, and Salem. No. %. install
lation.
Rebekah Iodges-Friendship. No. s, Masonic
hall. Anacostia, installation by President
Grigsby aud assembly officers
knights OF PYthias-Lodses: Franklin No
:, installation. Uniform Rank: j. T. Cold
well COMPANY No, !, instsllation.
Socialist party-Sunday school conference
German branch and W. c. organization anu
education committee.
The Washington times., 1916-01-06
Lynchings Occur In States Where
Women Have Not the Right To
Cast Ballot.

To the Editor Of THE TINES:
In 1914 there were f1fty-one lynchIngs
In man-suffrage States, and but one
lynching In an equal suffrage State.
In 1915 there We're sixty-nine lynch
ings in man-sutfrage States, and not
even one In State where women vote.
II Is not the votes of women which
prevent'lynchings, but, rather. that in
a State where men are just enough to
allow women to exercise their right to
Vote-for voting is right and not a
allow an accused man his right OF a
legal trial.
With the coming OF greater intelli-
gence the disgrace Of the disfranchise-
ment OF women and the disgrace of
lynchings will both sink into obscurity.
VIOLA KAUFMAN.
Washington, Jan. 3.
The Washington times., 1916-01-06
"Peace By Education"
Theme At Prayer Meeting

At today's session Of the week OF
prayer being conducted at st. Pauls
English Lutheran Church oy the Worn
ems Interdenominatio tional Missionary
Union. peace BY E.duration ln
Schools" was the theme discussed At
Yesterdays session, presided over by
cussed was Unity in the Church
Throughout the World Among the
speakers were the Rev. u. Il. Rirnie,.
of the sixth I'resbNterian ChmCh,
southwest Washington the Rev ]. r.
Esaias, pastor of GoTsuCh Methodist
Church, southwest Washington, and
MrB. J, i. Hart
The Washington times., 1916-01-06
SAVING THE WORLDS LAW

~ SIc law VI ndIIOnS is 10 IIlCdH
anything after this war, it must be
made to command respect during
the war. There is no trouble about
it in peace; it takes care of itself
then. But if it is to break down, be
brushed aside as scraps of paper
the moment hostilities begin. it will
be worth nothing whatever.
To wait until war is over and
then attempt to restore this delicate
fabric would be useless. 1t would
be conceding that world-law is
made to be observed when nobody
has any object in violating it, to
be ignored whenever that course
serves anybody's purpose.
Unless some body of neutral in
terest shall take hold of this mat
ter soon, there will be no life re-
naming in the corpus of world
law. The seas, three miles from
land, have been the worlds, not the
possession Of any nation. But un-
der the practice of submarine war
fare by the central powers, that
ancient guarantee is wiped out. The
seas become the resort of wicked
er piracy than ever was known to
the Spanish Main.
1t is worth while, in this con-
nection, to point out the danger of
unthought legislative tinkering
with such delicate subjects. End
less harm might be done.
A case in point is the introduc-
tion Of measure in Congress di-
recting that vessels carrying both
passengers and munitions of war
shall not be given clearance papers
from American ports. This would
be, not an effective measure to keep
America out Of trouble, but con-
fession of our willingness to sur
render ancient and established
rights on the sea merely because
belligerents have chosen to violate
the covenants which established
those rights.
Peace can be secured at any time
by the process of surrender. But
is peace worth the price?
1t should be made clear that SELL
ing and transporting contraband of
war is not crime against bellig-
erent or against international law.
1t is legitimate business unless pro-
hibited by the country in which the
business originates. Shipping cot
ton to Germany, for instance, is
legitimate in peace times; when
cotton is declared contraband it does
not make that business suddenly
take on an immoral character; but
it does make the business danger
Gus, if the enemies of Germany have
power to seize the shipments, for
international custom has establish
ed the right of a belligerent to
seize contraband destined to the
enemy.
For America to forbid carriage of
passengers on munitions bearing
ships would be to confess that we
were willing to withdraw from the
seas rather than attempt the dis
comfort Of insisting on our rights
there. 1t would be equivalent to
saying:
"The seas are the worlds seas
in time of peace. They are free
except in time of war. When war
begins, we agree that they shall be
turned over to the belligerents; we
will retire from them till the trou-
BILE is over"
Manifestly, the real effect of that
would be weakly to yield our real
rights in peace as wei las war. We
cannot do it without confessing inn
potence and worse. For what have
we a navy? If we are willing to
concede that we possess no inalien-
able rights on the seas, as we'll abol-
ish it.
The Washington times., 1916-01-06
oUTNUMBERED TEUToNs

One of the most extraordinary
statements put out from the Berlin
bombast factory is the German an
nouncement that the central powers
now control countries with a popu-
lation of 150,000,000, as against the
entente powers with a population Of
100000. $50 that the difference
in population has decreased from
114,000,00O to 46,OO0,0O0."
The population of the German
empire on the Continent is 65,OOO,-
600, of the Austro-Hungarian en-
pire 5O,OOO,OOO, of Turkey in Europe
and Asia 21,OO0,000, of Bulgaria
100000, or, in all, 141 100000.
Germany may count as added pop
ulation in territory held by her
armies, French, Belgian, and Poles
on whom hundreds of thousands of
Teutonic troops must sit to hold
them down; but the Austro- German
and Turco- Bulgarian league for the
advancement of civilization cannot
number more than 141,O0O,OOO for
the military purpose of that COM
bination, no matter how it tries to
count them.
AS for the allies directly fighting
the central powers the United King
dom has 46,000,000, France has 40
100000, Italy 35,0OO,OOO, and Serbia
about the same number as Bulgaria,
or 5,000,000.
Here are 126,0O0,OO0 on the south
and west of the central powers
without counting Russia's 100000
900 on the east. But there is good
deal more than that to count. There
is the Dominion of Canada, which
has been good for a quarter of a
million Of troops and is going to
send another quarter million; which,
in addition, is sending vast stores of
grain, munitions, and other supplies
to the allies on the battlefield. The
same thing is true of Australia and
South Africa. Add them to the pop
ulation of the United Kingdom,
France, Italy, and Serbia and those
numbers are about equal to Ger
many, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, and
Bulgaria, with Russia's hosts all to
spare.
There is, too, the rest of the Brit
ish empire, which all told counts
435,OOO,OOO people. If not a large
part of this population is available
for fighting in Europe, it certainly is
available and is of incalculable value
in sending all manner of supplies to
the allies.
And then back of all that there is
Japan, with 53,OOO,OOO, ready to
strike into the great war game
whenever the central powers show
themselves in the East or whenever
it otherwise may become necessary.
AS for quality the central powers
have yet to prove that the French
soldiers and the British soldiers
facing them in the west aren't as
good, man for man, as the best Ger
man warriors that are in the field.
I The Canadian, Australian, and South
African troops, with their vigor of
youth, their individual strength
their spirit and daring, are, we ven
ture to say, the finest soldiers and
the hardest fighters in all the armies
of this war.
We don't think anybody questions
that the Italians are superior to the
poor Austrians, who have never been
able to face fire unless they were
backed up by German troops. No
body will doubt the natural fighting
qualities of the Russians once they
get arms and ammunition in their
hands so that they can hit back on
even terms as to weapons.
So just what these claims of Ber-
lin are intended to convey is mighty
hard for anybody TO puzzle out.