davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1916-12-22
.EREHART SAYS COMMITTEE
WAS UNFAIR IN CASE
Half Back Denied Letter AS
serts Time as Active In
diana Athlete Expired.

BLOOMINGTON. IND. Dec. ga
Something Of a sensation was caused
in athletic circles of Indiana Univer-
sitv Yesterday when news of the &C
aiou Of the athletic board in refusing
TO grant letters to Archie Erehart and
walter Hess because of professional
ism in playing in a game al Lafayette
Dec. 5 between Pine Village and Ham
naond. was given out. 1t was not gem
orally known anon the students that
either of the two football stars hao
plaved in the Lafayette contest. Archie
Erehart, half back and star athlete.
prepared the following signed state
ment concerning his act in playing
with pine village:
by virtue Of the act Of the athletic
committee 7 am denied my letter IN
football for the reason that l particl-
pated in professional football subse-
quent to the Purdue game. ! wish TO
set myself right before the student
body and will state the facts.
Il entered college at the beginning
Of the winter term. January. 1918. and
participated in freshman baseball that
year and freshman football the fol-
lowing fall. 1913.
beginning with the winter term OF
1914 my eligibility for varsity athletics
began and continued until Thanksgiv-
ing. 1916. Ny time for intercollegiate
athletics was UP after the Purdue
game. Nov. IS, 1915. IL was at later
date that I played professional foot
ball.
II have given to Indiana University
all that possessed athletieally for my
allotted time I contend that II the
members of the athletic COMMITTEES
lfeef that I am deserving of a letter
for the work l did on the team this
fall, their action is unjust in penalizing
me for something that happened after
my period Of eligibility had ended"
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1916-12-22
| GAMBLERS GET
THE dope" FROM
THOSE ON INSIDE

KANSAS CITY, MO. Dec. 22.-The
system kansas city gamblers use in
attempting to beat" baseball is en-
tirely within the law according to
an expose made by a former book
maker.
The entire system IS based on in
formation received from persons con-
nected with ball club as to pitching
selections Having that much of an
edge-the knowledge of when a good
pitcher is going to face a weak one
the gamblers find it easy TO get four
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1916-12-22
Hippo Spencer is
Golf Enthusiast.

Guess who's playing golf? Tub"
Spencer. the bathrobe salesman.
was seen pounding the little pellet
around the links at san Francisco
the other day under the guidance
Of 'Dr." Lsowenberg. trainer OF
"kero-seen, the only hyphenated
police dog in capticity. Lowenberg
has taught "Kero-seen' TO moo just
like a COW and the canine is able to
earn its own living as q caddy.
"Kero-seen," on account of its
sleuth hound nature. is able to find
the golf ball. no matter how far
into the ground Tub" may drive
it Spencer says golf is a great
conditioner for baseball. He catches
for Detroit.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1916-12-22
VICTORY FOR GOLF

CHICAGO, Nov. 2o.--Golf, accord
ing to a decision by Judge Jesse A.
Baldwin in the circuit court yester.
day, Is a beneficial recreation"
rather than an amusement"
The decision from Mary a. Con-
don. an executr1x OF the estate of
John Condor, owner of the old Ear-
lem race track, from paying an an
nual amusement License Zee of $3.50 =
year for the public golf links which
now mdorn the former racing park.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1916-12-22
Fight Decisions.

The decision of hight Representatives
last night were:
At Cincinnati Billie weeks beat
Sailor Einert GO).
At Loekport. n. Y.-Jimmy Duty beat
Johnny LustiG (IO).
At Detroit-Benny Mcneil knocked
out Bobby Burns (I0l.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1916-12-22
DARCY DUE To ARRIVE
At NEW YORK TUESDAY

NEW YORK. Dec. 22.-Unless storms
and shipwrecks intervene to delay his
boat. Les Darcy will plant his feet in
New York next Tuesday.
Although Tex Ricksrd would not
confirm this report. he let it be known
that he was certain of the Australian
lighters arrival next week
Richard has been in wireless COM
bunication with Darcy several times.
IIe knows the boat on which Darcy Is
a passenger or sailor. and says that
when the proper time comes he will
let the public in on his secret
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1916-12-22
FIGHT DECISIONS

Decisions of fight representatives
Wednesday were;
At Cincinnati - Billie Weeks beat
sailor Einert (1Ol.
At LOckport. y. Jimmy Duffy beat
Johnny Lustig UO).
At DetroIt--Benny Mcneil knocked out
Bobby Burns (1OD.
At Poughkeepsie - Charlie Meinert
stopped Jack Kendall az.
At Greenfield. Mass.--MeI CoOgan beat
Billy G1inler U2).
At Kansas City-Ray Moore beat Mike
fDrrf~0u lI2t.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1916-12-22
JOHNNY RITCHIE
TO BOX HALEY

CINCINNATI. o.. Dec. 22.-Johnny
Ritchie. Chicago bantamweight, scored
another victory and won himself a
match with Joe Haley for New Years
Day. Johnny defeated Johnny Sandow
in ten rounds. The Chicagoan had the
shade in FIVE rounds, two were San
dow's, the rest even. Both lads stood
toe to toe and slugged.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1916-12-22
FREE BOXER IN
DEATH CASE

DENVER. COLO, Dec. 21.-Death
from cerebral hernorrhage was the
verdict OF the coroner's jury investi-
eating the death of Dung Joe Rivers OF
Albuquerque. following his fight with
Tack Bratton. Pacific coast light
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1916-12-22
MACOMBER QUITS
SCHOOL SUDDENLY

CHAMPAIGN ILL. Dec 22.-Bari
AIacomber Of oak. Park, captain of the
1915 Illinois football eleven. almost
universal choice for the All-Western.
has quit school Ave months before he
was due to graduate
Dean Clark announced this yester-
day. Macomber's reputation in foot
ball circles is an enviable one lie s
touted for the All-American. an honor
which he won last year. His jump sn-
TO professional football the day after
the Illini wound up their season may
have had smoothing to do with his de-
parting from the university.
Golden opportunities for you In
TIMES want ads.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1916-12-22
BIKE RIDERS ARE
BEHIND RECORD

NEW YORK. Dec. 22.-The six-tay
bicycle grind continues with the
teams closely punched. but the riders
are falling farther behind the records
made at Chicago in 1915 with the
passing of every hour. At O'Clock
yesterday afternoon the leading teams
had covered 1886 miles and laps.
Greuda was setting the pace and the
teams were los miles behind the rec
ord.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1916-12-22
NOTES OF
THE GOLFERS

The Exmoor Country club has made
application for the western junior
championship, and. being the only ap-
plicapt. is sure to get it. over the re-
modelled course the young players Will
get a good test Of their ability.
On the official notice of the United
States Golf association the Mayfield
Country club is named a : a bidder for
the national amateur championship.
The Cleveland organization did not ap-
pear in the list published in the press
three days ago. The other clubs are
F'lossmoor. Glen View. Kent Country.
and Oakmont
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1916-12-22

to Ave odds on l to proposition.
The gambler declared that an esti-
mate of between $4,000 and $4,000
a day bet on baseball games here dur
ing the season is not far from the &C
curate figures.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1916-12-22

A live newspaper fer people who are
still ON earth that's what THE
TIMES Is.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1916-12-22

weight, here Monday night The jury
exonerated Bratton.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1916-12-22
BASKETBALL GAME

The Calumet High school plays East
Chicago at basketball this evening in
the Mckinley gymnasium. The East
Chicago high school will be the only
school team in the Lake County Asso-
citation to continue playing through
the holidays. A week from tonight
East Chicago plays Rochester at Ro-
chester and the following evening
Nappanee at Nappanes.
The Washington times., 1916-10-21
Congressional Union Notes.

Only six members are left to hold the
fort and keep things going at Cam
eron House since the Western invasion
began last week.
Miss Ann II. Martin, chairman of the
Woman's party, has left Chicago, and
is personally conducting the campaign
In Nevada.
Miss Elsie Hill. who Is in charge OF
the publicity work in Denver, Is re-
covering sufficiently from her recent
serious Illness to resume her work for
the campaign.
Mrs. Sara Bard Field has reached
Wyoming on her tour through the
Western suffrage states, and reports a
series of very successful meetings.
Miss Virginia Arnold. who left WASH
ington about q week ago, Is planning
two big mass meetings on election eve
in Chicago. Mrs. Inez Milholland Bois-
sevain II to be one of the speakers.
Mrs. Abbie Scott Baker, press chair
man Of the Union and of the woman's
party. has left Chicago to tour the
West as advance publicity agent for
Mrs. Boissevain. who will campaign
throughout the West until election eve
when she makes her farewell speech In
Chicago.
Mrs. Minnie e. Brooke is conducting
street meetings in Chicago at the rate
Of ten q day.
Miss Luch Burns has arrived in Butte,
Mont. where she II beginning a siren
uous campaign against Senator Henry
r. MyerR.
The Washington times., 1916-10-21
Current Topics Club.

The Current Topics Club. of River
dale. Md. met at the home Of Mrs.
Fred Mckee at 2 o'clock on wednes-
day afternoon, with Mrs. r. A. BEN
nett in the chair. ~,
Country's Attitude Toward Weaker
Nations" Mrs. Mckee depicted the
blessings in the way OF education and
sanitation which Ia dfollowed in the
wake of our occupation OF Haiti. SAN
qua, and read an interesting article
from the Geographic Magazine FOR
august on Wards of the United
Mrs. C. f. steinmeyer called attention
70 the good work done by the United
States civil engineers along reclamati
lines IN China and other countries. Mrs.
McBrien spoke of network in Panama.
Mrs. Lane was to have spoken on the
Philippine Islands. but as II was nearing
time for adjournment. substituted the
reading OF my Last Thought" a poem
written by Jose Rial. the national hero
OF the Philippines. the night before Ills
After refreshments had been servsd.
the club adjourned. Mrs. McBrien vii
be the hostess at the next meeting.
Guests for the day were Mrs A. n.
Bellwood and Mrs. Mae Walker Of
Richmond. Va. Members present were
Mrs. J. L. McBrien. Mrs. G. Il. Temple,
Mrs. A. G. Ginger. Mrs. r. A. Bennett,
Mrs. f. r.. Barclay. Mrs c.. f. Steir,-
meyer. Mrs. Fred Mckee, and Mrs. jess
sic l. Lane. This was Mrs Lanes fare
well meeting until after election, as 5hs
has left for Illinois. where she VIII
make a speaking tour In the interest Of
Wilson's reelection. ..
The Washington times., 1916-10-21
District Suffrage Club.

The first regular meeting Of the Dis
trict Suffrage Club was held on Thurs
day evening at the Ebbitt Hotel with
ABOUT twenty-five members present. Re-
ports from the suffrage convention at
atlantic city were given by Miss Mary
Ellen soencer Mussey gave a talk on
what the members could do to aid the
women OF Virginia to get equal educa-
tiohal advantages with the men OF their
State. On Mrs. Carrie Z. Kent's motion.
$lo was pledged to the. national society.
An active campaign in which anti-suf-
frage congressman will have a personal
interest. was plannede at this meeting.
A new suffrage song entitled Jane" and
Samuel Burleigh Milton, who composite
the music. ma. Henry churchill Cook
presided at the meeting
The Washington times., 1916-10-21
Philo-Classics.

was held at the home OF Mrs. ]. Edison
Briggs. on October 6. The program.
Guilds. Holidays. Mystery Plays, and
Fairy Lore" was ably handled by Mrs.
Faber Stevenson and supplemented by
Mrs. W. f. Hall. who gave an interest
ing talk on fairy lore. Miss Flora
Briggs. daughter OF the hostess, sang
the appropriate selection. 81 Used to
Believe In Fairies"
Refreshments were then served and a
social hour enjoyed. The next meet
ing IL to be held with Mrs. A. II.
Thompson. where the subject, THE
Drama and Theater in the Time of
Shakespeare" will be discussed by
Mrs. Augustus Knight.
The Washington times., 1916-10-21
CuItus Club.

Thesseeopd meeting OF the cuitus Club
was held last Tuesday at the residence
Of Mrs. Paris Brengle. the president. at
o7i0 Ontario road. After luncheon had
been served. sixteen members respond
cd to the roll call with remarks on cur
rent events. The papers of the day
were Ferdinand and Isabella" by Mrs.
Harris: Christopher Columbus" by
Mrs. Brengle: and "Other Spanish Ex-
plorers," by Miss Karr.
Mrs. Appleton Clark gave an interest
ing reading, and the discussion which
had been omitted from the previous
meeting was taken up at this point.
The subject was Earliest Races of
North America" and was divided into
four parts The Eskimo" by Mrs.
Taylor; The Indian" by Mrs; Charles
Dwellers." by Mrs. hewitt; and THE
Aztec" by Mrs. J. e. Dyer.
Mrs. Fitch was the only guest
The Washington times., 1916-10-21
'Friendship Nursery Aid Club.

The annual meeting OF the Friendship
Nursery Aid Club for the season, was
held at the home OF Mrs. Il. ID. Hardy.
2i25 First street northwest, on Monday
afternoon, with about thirty members
and one guest present. The meeting
was called to order by the president,
Mrs. william Il. Chamberlin, and after
the routine business was transacted, the
annual reports of the officers were
read.
No second terms being permitted. the
officers for the ensuing year were elect
cd as follows: Mrs. Emma w. Anderson.
president; Mrs. Il. ID. Hardy. first vice
president; Mrs. John S. Beach. second
Vice president; Mrs. NJ. b. Atkinson.
third vice president; Mrs. j.. c. Hamil-
ton, recording secretary; Mrs. Frank w.
Garden, corresponding secretary; Mrs.
William Il. Chamberlin. treasurer.
The president called the attention OF
the club members to the campaign for
Friendship House to be held during the
week and asked for volunteers to work
at Lansburgh's in charge OF Mrs Atkin-
The Washington times., 1916-10-21

consisted OF an experience meeting at
which each member turned in her dollar
and related the method by which It had
been earned. Preliminary plans for a
sock social. to be held between Thanks
giving and New Year were. discussed.
Announcement was made that the
church service next Sunday would be a
memorial in honor Of their former Sec
rotary. William ID. Mackenzie.
Llndas and her sister. Mrs. f. II. Dor
sey, Mrs. Carrie f., Kent. Mrs. Hattie
f. Abbott. Mrs. Mildred Bisbee and her
sister. Mrs. NJ. J. Robinson. Mrs. Alfred
Wild, Mrs. II. c. Bebb and her sister.
Miss Frances S. Crosby. Mrs. G. e.
Mackenzie. Mrs. Mary c. Talbot. Mrs.
Amy Potter. and Mrs. Margaret ShIdy.
The Washington times., 1916-10-21
ID. A. r.

Independence Bell Chapter held tn
opening meeting on Thursday evening
at the Ebbitt Hotel. II is planned 20
study the early history of Washing
ton this season.
After refreshments had been served
the club adjourned to meet on Thurs
day, November 16. with DR.. Helen 8.
Perkins, 1890 Columbia road.
At the State regents meeting held in
the oak room OF the Raleigh Hotel la sc
Monday evening. II was voted that each
ID. A. r. chapter in the District con-
tribute Is cents toward the State ra-
gents pin. Mrs. Henry Churchill Cock
was chosen to collect the money and
make the presentation speech.
John Lindsay Chapter, held its regular
October meeting on Wednesday after
noon at the home of the regent. Mrs.
Ellis Logan. 1888 Irving street north-
west. with full attendance present
The Washington times., 1916-10-21
Committee on Literature and Library
Extension,

This committee aims to keep the Dis
trict Federation In touch with the same
committee OF the National Federation,
and to promote cooperation and reel
procity among the clubs. The presi-
dent OF each club is asked to furnish
a year book outlining the work of that
club. and also any papers that have
been given during the year. so that the
organizations affiliated with the fedora
tion may use this committee as a clear
ing house for the exchange Of Ideas for
future work.
The committee Is divided into the
committee on Biblical literature, with
Nrs. ]. 'Finney Engle as chairman; the
committee on drama. with Mrs George
Buckler as chairman, and the COM
mlttee on folk lore. with Mrs. Faber
stevenson as chairman.
The Washington times., 1916-10-21
The Woman's National Republican
Club.

The woman's National Republican
Club was organized in washington, ID.
c. in June, 1916. Its organizers were
women prominent in all walks OF life
social, professional. official women
whose names carry both power and
prestige, others more inconspicuous,
but equally valuable because of their
enthusiasm, initiative and industry. At
the formal organization. which occur
red on the afternoon Of June l6. In the
Gridiron Room OF the New Willard
Hotel. there were thirty women present.
From this number were selected a
president, an honorary president. TWEEN
ty-three vice presidents, recording and
corresponding secretary and treasurer.
The honorary president Is Mrs. John
A Logan. the president, Mrs. Virginia
White Speel; vice presidents, Mrs. Ma
than B! Scott. West Virginia; Mrs.
John 4. Logan: Illinois; Mrs. Clarence
Wheeler Mondell. Wyoming Mrs.
Horace NJ. Towner, Iowa. Mrs. VIM.
p. Andrews, Nebraska; Mrs. George
Sutherland i,,I Utah Mr., Mrs Mary Logan
Brown. Massachusetts,; Mrs. Dayton
Ward, District of Columbia; Mrs.
Court Wood District of Columbia; Mrs.
Julius Kahn, California; Mrs. AISLE
Gronna. Nerth Dakota; Mrs: Ernest w.
Roberts. Massachusetts,; Mrs. Joseph
Thropp. Pennsylvania; Mrs. Fred Brit
ten. Illinois; Mrs. r. Livingston Beck
man, Rhode Island; Mrs. Adelaide F.
Timmons, Indiana: Mrs. Thomas s.
Crago. Pennsylvania.
Other officers are Miss Grace Pierce,
corresponding secretary: Mrs. M. s.
Parker. recording secretary; Mrs. w.
". Roach, treasurer.
The club numbers among its members
at least three women who are daughters
or the original organizers of the Repub-
lican party in 1S56-Mrs. Virginia White
Speel. Miss Mary Perry Brown, and
Miss GraceNN. Pierce.
The Woman's National Republican
Club has confined its activities princi-
pally to that section Of the United States
south of Mason and Dixon's line, al
though 5000 packages of campaign prop
uganda have been shipped from Its
quarters, at 1922 F street. The meetings
held under the auspices OF the club In
the Gridiron room of the New Willard
on each Wednesday evening since June
have been interesting and notable fea-
lures of the local political campaign,
and have been addressed by men of ma
tlonal as we'll as local reputation. The
meetings will not cease with the election.
publican Club Is affiliated-the Women's
National Republican Association-is the
oldest. largest. and most powerful ASSOC
citation of Republican women in exist
cnce. The president. Miss Helen Varick
Boswell. was chosen by the members
Of the Republican National Committee
to be director Of the women's National
Committee, which is an important fac
tor In the national committees work.
Miss Boswell will speak in Washington
next Tuesday night at the Republican
headquarters. 14l0 II street northwest.
The Washington times., 1916-10-21
Woman's Missionary Society.

The afternoon session of the Woman's
Missionary Society of Mt. Vernon M.
r. Church South. held its regular
monthly meeting on Tuesday last. with
Mrs. Charles J. Ziegler. superintendent
OF the social service work, in charge.
There was n large attendance of church
in the subject under consideration. In
situations For the Care OF Detectives.
which tho meeting was called to con-
slider The speakers emphasized the
urgent need OF an institution for the
fecble-minded. who are not receiving
adequate attention from sociologists
and are a menace to future generations.
The Washington times., 1916-10-21

son. and at o'Donnefrs, in charge Of
Mrs. Chamberlin. to which several MEM
bers responded.
AT the conclusion of the meeting re-
Ireshments were served by Mrs. Hardy
ana the assisting hostesses, Mrs. Fish
neck, Mrs. Mess. Mrs. Tucker, Mrs.
Thomas, and Mrs. Haley.
Inc November meeting will be held at
tne nome OF Mrs. Schramni. 937 NJ street
Mrs. Frank Towner, Mrs. Harold
warner. and Mrs. Charles q. Abbott
were admitted TO membership.
The Washington times., 1916-10-21
Anthony League.

A special meeting of the Anthony
League was held Tuesday. October II. at
the residence of the president, Nj 4.
Anna Z. Hendley. 2007 Columbia road, 10
arrange program and plan the woI k
speakers have promised to address the
league. whose names and subjects will
be announced at the meeting Thursday,
November 2. when Mrs. Eleanore j.
Bingham. prominent Chautauaua leo
turer. on art, literature. and Philosophy.
Will give her most interesting lecture on
The Quest OF the Holy Grail" illustrs-
ted.
All interested welcome.
The Washington times., 1916-10-21
League of American Pen Women.

The League of American Pen Women
held its first reception of the social
season at the Raleigh Hotel last We'd
nesday evening. with an unusually
large attendance, including many
out-of-town members and four past
Mrs. La Sale Corbell Pickett, Mrs.
Rachel Tongate Beck, and Mrs. J.
Harry Cunningham.
Miss Jessie Amelia Griswoid, the
newly elected president. turned the
program over to Mrs. Della Hine
Mertz, after extending a cordial
greeting to the members.
The reports were followed by a MI
steal program,
The Washington times., 1916-10-21
Woman,s Alliance.

Hhe Woman's Alliance of the Unitar-
ian Church met on Friday in the church
parlors. Miss Evelyn Morris gave a re-
port OF her attendance at the Meadville
Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania
where she took a course OF instruction
In social service and a Unitarian Sun
day school course.
The Washington times., 1916-10-21
Excelsior Literary Club.

The Excelsior Literary Club met last
Tuesday afternoon at the home OF Mrs.
Henry E. Baker. 1900 Q street north
president Mrs. William r. Ramsey. the
first vice president. Mrs. w. Grace NJ.
Daish presided. Twenty-three ladies re-
sponded to roll call. with miscellaneous
quotations or Incidents. Mrs. John T.
The Washington times., 1916-10-21
Women,s Wilson Linton.

WiIIiam p. Malburn. Acting Secretary
Of the Treasury. and Mr.. Whitehead
Kluttz. secretary OF the Internationa
Joint Commission. were the speakers at
the union on Wednesday evening. The
members have extended the hospitality
OF their rooms to all Democratic organ
izations, and a huge Democratic rally
Ia being planned by a group Of iniuen-
tial West Virginians to, be held in the
near future at the union headquarters,
at Fifteenth and F streets northwest.
The Washington times., 1916-10-21
Association of Collegiate Alumni.

The Association OF Collegiate Alumni
met on Wednesday with Mrs. Raymond
s o. orssn at tne bliss otlus
members present. The opening program
was devoted TO business. the annual re-
ports OF officers and committees being
heard. and plans discussed for the COM
Ing season. The president. Mrs. Morgan,
presided.
The Washington times., 1916-10-21
Club House Committee.

The clubhouse committee Of the Fed
Grafton of Women's Clubs met at the
home of Mrs. Court r. Wood. the presi-
day afternoon at 2 o'clock, with Mrs.
Thomas w. Calver presiding. The
meeting was Aievoted to a discussion of
plans for the annual luncheon, and
other methods OF raising money for the
clubhouse.
The Washington times., 1916-10-21

The Ladies' Aid OF the Congregations
Church Is planning dinner to the Con
gregational conference. to be given be.
tween their afternoon and their evening
session next Tuesday.
A reception will be given by the ladies
of the church to their new pastor and
his wife. the Rev. James l.. Gordon. d
D.. and Mrs. Gordon. on Friday of-nexi
week
The officers of the Ladies' Aid are
Mrs. William c. Barnes. president; Mrs
Il. p. Entrikin. first vice president: Mrs
II. r. Chatfield. second vice president
Mrs. s. w. Garden. secretary, and Mrs
william r. Chamberlin. treasurer.