davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Pickens sentinel. (Pickens, S.C.) 1911-2016, 1916-10-26

sluggish liver better than a dose or
nasty calomel and that 1t won't mako
you sick.
Dodson's Liver Tone ia real liver
medicine. You'll know it next morn
Ing because you will wake up feeling
fine, your liver will be working, your
headache and dizziness gone, your
stomach will be sweet and your bowels
regular. You will feel like working.
you'll be cheerful; full OF vigor ana
ambition.
Dodson's Liver Tone Is entirely
vegetable, therefore harmless and can
not salivate. Give 1t to your children,
Millions Of people are using Dodson'g
Liver Tone instead of dangerous cal
omel now. Your druggist will tell YOU
that the sale Of calomel is almost,
stopped entirely here.-Adv.
The Pickens sentinel. (Pickens, S.C.) 1911-2016, 1916-10-26

! Angcr's a stone cast I'm a horncts'
The Pickens sentinel. (Pickens, S.C.) 1911-2016, 1916-10-26

He who tries to do his ncighbor inn
AGNES his ncighbor is trying to dD him.
The Pickens sentinel. (Pickens, S.C.) 1911-2016, 1916-10-26

Charity leaves Aomc when the
houScclcaninE season begins.
The Pickens sentinel. (Pickens, S.C.) 1911-2016, 1916-10-26
Personal Interest Considered

Personal interest Considered.
JoncS-Do you think peace is III,
Sight2
Brown hope It will be when my
wife ScrS This livc-pound box of candy
The Pickens sentinel. (Pickens, S.C.) 1911-2016, 1916-10-26

LESSON TEXT-Acts 27:1-3S.
GOLDEN TEXT-Commit thy way unto
Jehovah; trust also in Lin, and he VIII
bring 1t to pass.-Ps. 37:a.
The Pickens sentinel. (Pickens, S.C.) 1911-2016, 1916-10-26
Want Hens in English Parks.

Want Hens in English Parks.
In the hope OF saving Il large part OK
IN" Nlo.OoOOuO spent every year for
ior"lgh eggs, an agitation is on fOot
TO throw open London parks for poNl-
try breeding. The scheme is receiving
serious consideration from the authori-
lies because II is one of the latest wnT-
llsllc economies suggested OH II large
scale. Tho promoters of the idea hayG.
asked for part of one park to start
with. The plan provides for Il S,tc-
nl about three acres and accommodate
tion for GOO hens. The leading poiiH
try breeders of the country will be in
vitcd to send six selected fowls Of lhS,
same breed and strain. Scientific feed
ing tests are to he made. All the eggs.
will go to the wounded soldiers. and
prizes will be awarded to the owners
of the hens laying the most eggs
The Pickens sentinel. (Pickens, S.C.) 1911-2016, 1916-10-26
PrevaIency Of Kidney Disease.

Most people do not realize the alarm.
ing increase and remarkable prevalcncy
of kidney disease. While kidney dis
orders are among the most common dis.
eases that prevail, they arc almost the
last recognized by patients, zvho usually
content themselves aviih doetoyina the
t0eefs, while the original disease con.
stantly undcrmincs the system.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-08-15
HEALTH CENSUS
OF ALL PUPILS
WILL Be TAKEN
Or. [. |. Patterson Plans Card
Index of School Children on
All Islands This Year
HEALTH PROMOTION
WILL BE EXTENDED
List on Oahu win Include Over
1900 Examinations
When Completed

Before the close OF the coming
school year DR.. Lawrence L. Patter..
son medical inspector OF the public
schools, expects to have a card-indet
system showing the physical cundk
ton OF every school pupil on Oahu.
He now has every child In Honolnlu
listed. totaling S5e7. and there are.
5000 more to get before the health
census" OF school children on this II.
land Is complete.
Last year we completed the cen.
sus OF Honolulu school children SAYS
d. Patterson. land the coming year
We Will extend the work TO all Other
Islands OF the group, doing Oahu nrst.
I WIN have the assistance OF the same
school nurse. Mrs. @. Watson. for the
Honolulu city district, and hope 70 Oh
tain additional help for the other is.
lands" -.
DR.. Patterson says there are 2S,600
school children in all the islands, Of
which about 1880 are on Oahu. leay.
iI.g the records Of approximately IL
Geo pupils yet to obtain on Hawaii
Kauai and Maui.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-08-15
STORY Telling
HOLDS CHILDREN
AT PLAYGROUND

Stories OF James Whitcomb Riley
and Eugene Field, childrenis fayorite
poets, were told to about a half hum
bred children at the Atkinson park
playground Monoay afternoon by Mrs.
Brooks, wife of Rev. Raymond G..
Brooks, d. D., of Berkeley, Cal.
Although most of the children were
Hawaiians with a scattering of Portu-
guese, Japanese and Chinese, all be-
tween the ages Of four and IL years,
they seemed to especially enjoy the
representations Of the Hoosier poet,
Judging from their interested and keen
attention. "a Perfect Rest" by Riley,
was one of the most popular selec-
tons.
Mrs. Margaret Waldron, in charge
of the Atkinson playground work, is
chiefly responsible for the enjoyable
affairs arranged this summer for the
children although she is ably assisted
by Mrs. F. M. Swanzy, who is partic-
ularly interested in Kakaako district.
Besides q number of amusements,
including croQuet set, phonograph,
checker boards and swings, the chill
dren are taught domestic duties.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-08-15
SENATE WILL TAKE UP
WEST INDIES DEAL
AFTER REVENUE BILL
fA.sosiated Press 81 Tsdsrsi wIrasssl


WASHINGTON, d. c., Aug. 15.-
Senator Stone, chairman OF the senate
committee on foreign relations, an
nounced yesterday that as soon as
the Democratic caucus has completed
the work OF revenue revision the mem
bers will be asked to take up the
matter of the Danish treaty, proyid-
ing for the purchase Of the Danish
West Indies.
Senator Stone pointed out some OF
the advantages which will accrue to
this country from the purchase of the
Islands from Denmark, and asserted
that he believes the Danish people
undoubtedly win vote to sell the Is
lands to the United States, at the
plebIscite. which probably will be held
in that country to decide the ques.
tion.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-08-15
NORTH AND SOUTH
CHINA IN DISPUTE
OVER NEW OFFICERS

According to the statement of Chi
nese authorities in japan, reaching
Honolulu papers, the most important
problems confronting China at pre-
sent are the election of a vice-presi-
dent and the appointment of the min
isterial members. The southerners
want to elect Gen. Tuan as yice-presi-
dent and Tang-Shao-Yi as premier,
so that they may get the control Of
the state, but the northerners seek
to elect Hsu-Shih- Chang to the post
of vice-president and appoint Gen.
Tuan as premier and minister of war.
maintaining that since the president
is a southerner the yice-president
should be a northerner
The appointment of minister of war
Is most important In China, since the
party which has the command of the
troops dominates the situation in the
Republic. 1t is for this reason that
Gen. Tuap declares that he win not
accept the vice-presidency unless he
be given also the post of minister Of
war.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-08-15
Three LISTED AS
'TABUp ARE FINED
FOR BOOZE Use

Three men ION Liquor Inspector
william p. Fennells tabu list were
IN police court Monday morning for
being in saloons. Moreover, they
were drunk. testified Fennell. Each
was fined $40. One OF the trio Is a
habitual drunkard, according TO Fen
nell, and has been on the tabu list
for q long time and was found intox-
icated In the Prost saloon. The lat
ter will be repaired to the liquor IL
cense commissioners.
Two Of the men have not yet been
posted" says Fennell. but every sa-
loon man In town ought to- know the
third and thtre is absolutely no ex-
cuse for selling him liquor"
Following q defendants second con.
viction in police court for drunken
ness he receives q notice from Fem
nell ordering him to stay off of the
premises Of any saloon or any place
where liquor is sold. setting q time
limit The mans name is also posted
on tabu list sent to all saloons and
liquor dealers. It is a serious offense
to disregard this notice.
Does the tabu do any good?" Fen.
nell has been asked.
Certainly Il does" he replied. Not
only does II help hard drinkers who
prefer sobriety, but it drives out of
town the habitual wine buns. When
they find they can't get their booze
here they. move On
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-08-15
JAP ANESE Will
START PRIVATE
BANK in HAWAII
M, KaWamatsu Will Not At
tempt to Establish Branch
Bank in Honolulu

NJ. Kawakatsu, a representative of
the Sumitomo bank of Osaka, Japan.
intends to establish private bank in
Honolulu. Under the territorial law
q branch bank could not be started,
according to his statement, but there
Is no provision against the establish
ment OF q private bank.
At the present time the Yokohama
Specie Bank and the Pacific Bank
represent the Japanese financial insti-
tutions. The former is a branch
bank, while the latter is a private
one According to a statement made
by Kawakatsu he has sent word to
Osaka that a branch bank would
not be feasible here and announced
that he would organize a bank with
local japanese as officers of the in
stitution.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-08-15
new HAWAII NATIONAL PARK MOST
INTERESTING PLAYGROUND CREATED
Three Celebrated Volcanoes, Wonderful Lake of Blazing
Lava Tropical Forests, Tre3 Ferns and MaeouSy Beau
tfu Mountain and Marine Views Contained in Boundaries

The Hawaii National Park. just ere
ated by Congress. is the first national
park lying outside the continental
boundaries of the United States. II
sets apart three celebrated Hawaiian
volcanoes, KIlauea, Msuna Loa and
Haleakala, and entrusts their protec-
tion and development as national spec
tacles TO tho department Of the inte-
rIor.
"The Hawaiian Volcanoes" writes
r. A. Jaggar. director OF the Hawaiian
Volcano Observatory, ARE truly a ma
tional asset, wholly unique Of their
kind. the most famous In the world
OF science and the most continuously,
variously and harmieesly active vol.
canoes on earth. Kilauea crater has
been nearly continuously active with
q lake or lakes OF molten lava for a
century, Mauna Loa is the largest &C.
tive volcano and mountain mass In the
world, with eruptions about once a
decade. and has poured out more lava
during the last century than any 9TH
er volcano on the globe. Haleakala
Is q mountain mass ten thousand feet
high with tremendous crater rift in
its summit eight. miles in diameter
and three thousand feet deep. with
many high lava Genes built up inside
the crater. It is probably the largest
Of all known craters among volcanoes
that are technically known as active.
erupted less than two hun.
dred years ago. The crater at sun.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-08-15
RESOURCES OF
HAWAII TO Be
CARD INDEXED
Territory viii Take Its Part in
Industrial Preparedness
Census Work

In accordance with a plan approved
] by President Wilson early in the pres.
ent year. later indcrsed by the Asso
ciated Advertising Clubs OF the World
and by the five great engineering as.
sociations. the committee of industrial
preparedness of the naval consulting
board of the United States, OF which
Thomas A. Edison is chairman. Is con.
dUcting a campaign TO make a thor
cugh inventory OF American industry.
With this end in view each OF the
6rCat engineering associations has
named at least one member In each
state as field aide to conduct the
work.
While Hawaii was not at first made
separate district but was included
With California Ave engineers have
been selected from this territory with
G. X. harrison as chief field aide, and
A. Gartley. r. s. Morris, j. NJ.
Young and c. w. Parks. These met
and organized last week and held
their first real meeting Monday when
they undertook the work Of securing
inventories of the arious manufac-
turing concerns Of the islands. There
were sent to this committee so blank
inventories for use in the work under
taken.
As this undertaking Of securing a
card index system OF the country's
industry. the first ever attempted. 1t
is said that it Is not war measure
but a peace measure. That 1t will
have the support of militarist and
pacifist alike, peace insurance. En-
gineers were deemed to be the best
fitted for the work and 1t has therefore
fallen upon members Of the various
engineering societies to undertake.
such duties, for 1t is often essentially
technical.
The data that is to be gathered for
the naval consulting board is consid.
cred confidential and is not to be
made public. II includes name, char
acter of business. location, officers.
chief stockholders, Representatives.
value OF plant. detailed description Of
plant, manufacture and production,
labor conditions, transportation, and
possible arrangements which the gov
eminent might make. All Of these are
entered upon in minute detail
The project undertaken has the
hearty approval Of leading business
men Of the country and Is essentially
a movement that Is backed by pure
patriotism, Il Ii claimed.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-08-15
SEN. SHERMAN
SCORES GOMPERS
in HOT Speech
Illinois Scion Declares Labor
Federation Chief Cheap
Prostitution of Labor

NABbOCloto0 LEco9 " = oooAoA WhStgooI
WASHINGTON, D. c., Aug. is. =
Senator Sherman Of Illinois, IN the
course of an address before the SEN
ate, yesterday, digressed long enough
to attack Samuel Gompers, president
of the American Federation Of Labor,
as a IMAM who lives on the sweat
from other persons brows."
"He Is a cheap prostitutor Of labor
and he has used the funds he has col.
lected from ignorant persons to defend
the dynamiters Of the Los Angeles
Times building and in Indianapolis.
All in all his record being considered,
6ompers is fortunate that he himself
managed to escape Indictment upon
similar charges" added the senator.
The Illinois solon was speaking on
the shipping bill when he found OPP
portunity to attack the head OF the
labor federation.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-08-15
MOSS CATERERS AID
WOUNDED AT FRONT

GLASGOW, Scotland The hills of
Scotland are dotted with moss pickers
women and boy scouts-in search
of an added comfort for the wounded
soldiers. According to the medical
authorities turf moss. on account OF
Its elasticity and great properties for
sucking up liquids, forms most use.
full dressing for open wounds. 1t may
also be used as padding for splints.
After the moss is picked 1t is cover
ed with absorbent cotton gauze at
Various Red Cross depots and sent
off to headquarters in London. Ev-
cry day big packages arrive there,
telling silently of long days spent in
all kinds of weather in search of the
moss. In many places working par
ties of women, who are not skilled
with their needle. go out for the day.
coming back in the dusk of evening
with great baskets FULL
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-08-15
Netherlands king TAKES HIS
YACADONIN SWISS MOUNTAINS

nothing whatever to do with Hollands
policy or administration. and most of
his public appearances in the past two
years Of war have been In various
activities connected with the Red
Cross organization here, of which he
is president and in which he takes the
greatest interest For the rest he has
resided q good deal at the royal coun-
try seat of @Het Loo" where hunting
has been bis occupation. A day or
two ago he was noticed taking q stroll
through The Hague woods, accom-.
panied by one Of the little tame deer
from the royal house in the VOID,
which followed him like dog.
Royal duties make 1t impossible
for Queen Wilhelmina to accompany
her consort to Switzerland, and her
majesty has just gone with the little
Princess Juliana to stay at Katwyk, a
quiet little seaside place few miles
north of The Hague.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-08-15
MORE THAN ONE
THIRD OF MILLION
MADE AVAILABLE

For continuing Improvement and
maintenance of Honolulu harbor, $780,
500.
For constructing the Kahului har-
Dor west breakwater and maintaining
it, $260,000.
These appropriations. totaling more
than third of a million dollars
1856, 800, to be exact-were approved
as a part of the rivers and harbors
act by President Wilson July q, and
copies of the act with the island APP
preparations included, have just been
received here by the Office of Lieut.
Col. r. r. Raymond. u. S. engineer
officer for this district.
For the Kahului west breakwater,
100000 is appropriated by the pres
emit Congress, but the act gives the
local engineer Office authority to en-
ter into contract not to exceed $780,
GOO, in addition to the 500, 900 author
lied for use at once in beginning the
breakwater work. The appropriation
also allows $4,000 for maintenance
of Kahului harbor.
The Honolulu harbor appropriation
for continuing Improvement and main
tenance is $106,S00 and is for. new
work, in addition to the present con-
tract recently let to the Standard
American Dredging Company and ap-
proved for dredging the harbor in the
vicinity of the quarantine wharf 1t
will mean that much additional harbor
improvement work can be started at
once in this port
Recent cable advices from Wash
ington to the Chamber or Commerce
contained information that the Kahu-
lui west breakwater appropriation had
been included in the rivers and har-
bors bill, bait the full news of the
appropriation as approved came when
the copy of the act as approved by
the president July q, arrived here by
mail from Washington.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-08-15

rise is the grandest volcanic spectacle
on earth
The la%a lake at Ki,auea is the
Inaln feature Of the new national park.
It draws visitors from all over the
world II is a lake of fire a thousand
feet lrng splashing on its hanks with
a noise like waves OF the sea. while
great fountains boil through il fifty
feet high sending quantities OF glow.
ing spray over the shore. Gases hiss
and rumble and blue flames play
through creyasses.
There have been occasional crises,
Mr. Jaggar recently testified before
the house committee On the public
lands, when the active crater was
upheayed into a hill and thereafter
collapsed into a deep pit with mar
yelously spectacular aValanches and
fiery grottoes, cascades, whirlpools and
rapids OF glowing melt were common"
Mauna Loa is capped with perpetual
snow. II is 1855 feet high.
Around the base of these vast vol
canoes are gorgeous tropical forests
Sandalwcod. elsewhere extinct, grows
there luxuriantly There are maho-
gany groves, forests of tree ferns for
ty feet high, and magnificent tropi-
cal jungles. alternating with green
meadows. There are also tracts Of
desert and wonderful lava caves.
In short the Hawaii National Park
fully maintains the reputation Of our
greater national parks for individu.
atty and superlative beauty
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-08-15
CANDIDATE HUGHES
SPEAKS AT SEATTLE

Associated Press oy Federal Wireless)
SEATTLE. Wash, Aug. Is Charles
Evans Hughes: Republican candidate
for the presidency. reached here yes
terday Afternoon. and last night made
his first campaign address On the Pa
cific coast.
He criticized the anti-dum0in
clause in the Democratic revenue BILL.
at is not wo-tk .na paper upon
which 1t IS written. he declared. for
the Democrats are unequal to the
task Of protecting American ind5s-
tries by 4 proper tariff.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-08-15
TO TAKE SERUM FROM
BLOOD OF CONvALESCENTS
TO COMBAT PARALYSIS

NEW YORK, N r., Aug. Is. -
Health authorities who have been
fighting infantfle paralysis yes
terday issued q call for volunteers
among the conyslescent victims Of
the disease. to furnish blood from
which serum may be made for the
treatment of future cases.
This treatment has been making
gains, in the opinion O. medical men
who have been most active In the
struggle against the disease. and the
rapid Improvement Of DR.. Leroy Vail,
a victim Of the scourge. Is considered
q splendid sign.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-08-15
in war ARENA
TERRIFIC FIGHTING ON
EAST AND WEST FRONTS

PARIS, France. Aug. rs 1Flluging
the British out Of hardlyfWou krfncF
es north and east OF Pozieras. TIE
Germans were themselves flung bec4
by the Russians, while their Nlslfi11
allies yesterday found Themselves ~.
able 70 cope with the steady ADVANCE
Of the Italians and slaves, despite tn1
most stubborn resistance = q tesist
snce that won the praise Of 5heir Tory
foes. !. u
where the fighting wa terrific I'll q
Sunday, the Russians ware Held u
driven back to their own Linen. oexH
ing the fields behind then lItfIrG1
with their dead and wounded men,
The Germans In that sector cIait4 ~
have taken 300 prisensfs from Ten
BrussiIoff. - -
vienna, in the official austrian 4.
ports Of the days fightsns. sayg th9f
the Austrians. southweat Of Rpdka
mfen, covered the field vita ne enc
my dead" Elsewhere IN that slet[
the Teuton armies continued their %,
treat. - -
The Petrograd account tells Of furi,
Gus struggles all along the line, and
of the almost unbelievable brewery q
the Russian troops on the Sefet1 riy-
er front, where they drove into -
face Of a storm Of lead and steel. ~,
terly obIivious Of the death that
threatened them, and drove The ed,.
my from their carefully prepared %
sitions.
The zlota Lipa river was also
reached yesterday and the advancing
Russian armies began their prepaSa,
tons for forcing q passage across
that
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-08-15
ITALY CALLS ON roy
SCOUTS FOR DUTY

ROME, Italy, Aug. 15.-ItaIy ha1
called all Of her Boy Scouts 70 ddt1
back Of the fighting line. The order
mobiIizing the youths vas Issued yeo-
terday, and stated that the boyn are
to remain on duty until schools open
IN October.
Some WIN be sent to he var sone
for duty AZ guards at the railroad sta
tons, IN the base hospitals and where
else needed. - {. 3
Others win be sent Tor dirty q tie
munition factories ana aeropIa1o
hangers. where they win 1tEt ~
guards and messengers
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-08-15
B0URB0NS IN CAUCUS
AGREE TO REVENUE
BILL AS AMENDED
(Associssed Press By Federal wirsless)

ASSOCIATED Press by Federal Wireiess)
WASHINGTON, d. c., Aug. 15.-L
The Democratic senate caucus last
night formally decided to approve the
administration revenue bill as amend
ed, and the measure win be reported
to the senate tomorrow morning.
It is estimated that the bill viii
yield approximately ta05. 900. 900 an
nually. with the wine schedule as fixed
by the house retained.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-08-15
BRANDElS
UNABLE TO SERVE ON
MEXICAN COMMISSION

tAasoci1te4 Press b. FEDERAL Wk11Ie11l
WASHINGTON. d. G.. Aug. 15.--
Associate Justice Brandeis or the
United States Supreme Court, who had
been selected as . member Of the in-
ternatfonal commission which had
been formed to discuss the questions
pending between this country and
Mexico. yesterday notified President
Wilson that he win not be able to iin-
dertAke the work owing TO the pres
sure Of business now before the SUI
preme court
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-08-15
TEUTON DIVER SUNK
By SWEDE CRUISER?

tAssocistsd Press b. F.dsfli Wirslsss)
COPENHAGEN. Denmark Aug. Is.
to q report received here
last night Z Swedish cruiser sank q
German submarine last Thursday
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-08-15

The report OF the 6fst census Is
contained IN an octave volume d Is
pages. Nowadays IN 4 decade the en-
sus bureau issues III Is more quarto
volumes with more than l0o. 900
pages.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-08-15

A museum of the horse, presenting
a complete history Of that animal
from the earliest known period to the
present, has been established in Paris.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-08-15
JAPANESE GARRISON
bESIEGED BY CHINESE;
10 SOLDIERS KILLED
tA.seei...d pre.. s. F.der.l wirele..l

TOXIC. Japan. Aug. 15.-Chinese
troops yesterday attacked the Japan
csc garrison at cheng Chaitun, killing
IL soldiers and one officer They then
besiesed the barracks.