davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13
DETERMINING COST
OF ANY ENTERPRISE
Government Figures Show That
IS Per Cent Is for Feed
Keep Clear Record.

We sometimes get the impression
that the cost of keeping horse or a
COW is determined by the amount Of
feed consumed, plus the amount of
labor expended, and possibly an In
terest charge. The government has
published figures on the cost of rails
ing, from birth, a twO-yearold heifer
which show that 65.6 per cent of the
total cost was expended for feed,
1919 per cent for labor, SO per cent for
interest, and 1916 per cent for other
charges, such as buildings, equipment,
bedding, ETC., or with a total expense
of $62.O6. These items which might
be called "other charges" amounted
to S972.
This emphasizes the need Of caution
In determining the cost Of any single
enterprise of the farm. Too frequent
1y these "other charges" are omitted
in reporting profits. About the sur
est way to avoid the possible error
is to keep a complet set Of accounts.
OF course, there is some work attached
to 1t but by adopting q simple direct
entry method Of bookkeeping 1t isn't
such bad job.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13
WEED OUT ALL STAR
BOARDERS IN HERD
Success of Dairy Farm Depends
Greatly on Keeping Cows That
Pay Their Way.

By L. w. WING, Jr., Missouri College
Of Agriculture.)
Don't be satisfied If the average
milk yield from your herd is fairly
good. Many cows board at the expense
Of the high-producing members OF the
herd. Success on the dairy farm de-
ponds ON wedding out all these star
boarders and keeping only the cows
that more than pay their way.
The only way to be sure which
cows really do pay is by keeping care
full record of the amount of milk given
by each COW in the herd, and the
amount Of butter fat her milk con-
tains, as shown by the Babcock test
The test should be made fairly fire.
quently, but the milk given and the
feed used should be recorded every
day. Circular No. 81 which is dis
tributed free by the Missouri agricuI-
tural experiment station shows how
easy 1t Is to keep the necessary rec
ords.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13
LINEN SUITS Liked
MATERIAL POPULAR WITH FASH
lONABLE EUROPEANS.
Sketch Shows Model in Soft Silver
Gray-Collars and Trimmings Of
Rich Fur Accompany Coats
Made of White Linen.

My drawing shows a linen costume
which was specially created for the
racing season at San Sebastian. writes
ld"iia de Villiers, special correspon-
dsnt OF the Boston Globe. The color
3f the suit was beautifully soft silver
gray, and the panel embroideries on
the skirt were executed in washing
silks in the same color.
Inc coat had an exceptionally full
basque and the waistline was very
slightly raised. Then there was su-
perb collar of chinchilla.
This suit was created for a we'll
known Spanish beauty who has villa
at Biarritz, and who never fails to
make a sensation. by reason of her
wonderful clothes, on the Grande
PLACE in August and September. This
same lady has ordered q number of
linen suits in brilliant colors, such as
sapphire blue, orange. rose Dubarry
and Gar violet.
Almost all these linen coats have
collars or trimmings of rich fur, and
they are to be accompanied by fragile
blouses in tilmy tulle and by large fiat
brimmed hats covered with hatter's
plush or crepe de chine. Linen suits
in very brilliant colors will play a
prominent role in the world Of fash
ion this summer.
They will be simple in detail but
highly original in design. They will
vie with the dead white dresses and
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13
Friction Baths.

A salt rub in the morning after a
hot night is very invigorating. Use
ordinary coarse salt, or the sea salt
that is bought in boxes. Soak a hand
full in a small quantity of water. Then
rub the skin briskly with it, body and
limbs, until glow results. After this
some bathers like either a hot or
cold sponge with fresh water, while
others consider that the salt water
has tonic effect if left to dry in.
Just plain dry friction, too, is ex-
cellent in stimulating the skin. A
loofah, a mitten of linen crash, or
one knitted of a hard cord material,
are all good to use. This follows the
ordinary daily sponge bath-or, to
replace the bath, use the friction with
water, dipping the mitten in cold wa
ter and rubbing briskly, drying each
part before proceeding to another.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13

kept fallowed until the last OF June
US 10 get crop the first year either
for hog pasture or FOR hay.
Advantages Of this method are:
1. We do not lose the use Of the lane
for one year.
2. There is less damage from injury
by grasshoppers than In the case O.:
late summer seeding.
B. 1t insures a strong root system
and less chance Of winter killing. The
only disadvantage of this method ia
that, If the ground is foul the alfalfa
may be smothered by weeds.
Spring Seeding Without Nurse Crop.
In the West and North it has been
a common practice to SOW in the spring
without nurse crop, keeping the
weeds moved down during the SUM-
mer to prevent sInothering the alfalfa.
Ground that is MANFRED and fall
plowed is best for spring seeding. The
next best is corn stalk ground, either
manured the year before or in the
winter or early spring, thoroughly
disked and narrowed and seeded about
the middle of April.
1t is important that the weeds be
moved two or three times during the
summer or they will choke out the al
falfa.
The disadvantages of spring sowing
are:
j. The loss of one seasons crOD
where no nurse crop is used.
2. The extra labor required to keep
down the weeds.
8. The danger of neglecting the
weeds and the consequent loss of a
stand or securing only a "patchy
stand"
4. 1t is the most crowded time of the
year, and we either fail to put in the
alfalfa at all or Slight the work.
There is no one thing that will do
more to insure success In getting a
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13

little trouble, however, most artistic
ones can be made at home at very lit
tie cost.
Two strong pieces of cardboard Will
be needed. each to measure inches by
ii inches, and about half yard OF
holland. cretOnne or linen. The ma
terial must be double the size Of one
piece Of cardboard. allowing 2 or 3
inches over, both in length and width.
To make: lay the pieces Of card
board down on the wrong side of the
material as in small sketch, leaving
inch between the cardbOards. Now
nick the edges of the material all
round; mucilage them or brush over
with paste and fasten them down to
the cardboard that lies on the inside
Of the blOtter.
When this is quite secure and dry,
take two pieces of paper the size OF
the cards. white or colOred, and paste
them over the cardboard so that none
of the edges of the material show. The
little pieces of material between the
two boards form the backs the ends
of these must be cut to the height Of
the backs and neatly pasted down.
Sew at the top of this back on the
inside an end of fine elastic, and Sc
cure the other end to the bottom of
the back. Cut several sheets Of white
blotting paper a trifle smaller than the
bIotter and slip under the elastic; this
holds them firm and a kind of book
is made.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13

stand of alfalfa than lime and barn
yard manure.
Well Prepared Seed Bed Essential.
A well prepared, firm, solid seed bed
plenty. Of good barnyard manure and
summer fallow to kill the weeds, are
most important.
Alfalfa seed may be either drilled, or
sowed, broadcast and narrowed in, or
even disked in, especially if the sur
face Of the ground is dry.
Sow ten to twelve pounds of seed
per acre. If evenly distributed this
will give fifty to sixty seeds for every
square foot, while one thrifty plant to
the square foot is sufficient.
Cut alfalfa before it is in full bloom
or as soon as the young sprouts or
shoots start to grow at the base of the
evening.
When alfalfa Is left too long the
leaves which are the most valuable
part of the plant, fall off and the stems
become woody and the yield Of the
next crop is greatly reduced.
Alfalfa can be placed in the barn or
in stacks much greener than any other
kind of hay. Twenty pounds of salt
sprinkled over each load Of hay will
help to prevent heating and also add to
the palatability of the hay
Where alfalfa is used for pasture,
care should be taken to avoid pastur-
ing it too closely. Don't turn stock on
it too early in the spring.
Make Beginning-Start Now.
I would advise every farmer to try
at least small piece Of alfalfa and if
he does not succeed at first, try again
and keep on trying until he does sue
ceed 1t is worth the while.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13

bring greater profits than five or
ten acres put into alfalfa, provided the
work is done properly and a good
stand is secured.
Alfalfa a Poor Weed Fighter.
Alfalfa, when small, grows slowly
and is not good weed fighter-that is,
It cannot compete with weeds, and es-
pecially with crab grass and foXtail
during the dry weather Of July and Au-
gust
The following methods of seeding al
falfa are among those that have been
most successful in the United States:
Late Summer Seeding.
Probably no method will more GER
thinly assure a good stand than to ma
nure a piece of stubble ground and
fall pillow it, or manure the ground In
winter or spring, disk 1t thoroughly as
soon as possible in the spring (frst
part of ApriD, pillow the latter part of
April, and again disk. 1t should be
summer fallowed, that is, disked or
narrowed, often enough during May,
June, and the first part of July, to kill
the weeds and to prevent the ground
from becoming hard. Sometime during
the last part of July or the early part
of August the ground should be disked
and narrowed and the seed sown al
once with drill, or broadcast and har-
rowed in.
Dat or wheat stubble ground ma
nured and fall plowed is especially
good for alfalfa. Disk the ground the
following spring as soon as dry enough
TO work, summer faAow and seed as
described above.
This method has the advantage OF
1. Clearing the ground of weeds, the
greatest enemy of alfalfa.
2. Seeding comes at slack time
when the work can be done without
neglecting other crops.
3. It insures a firm, solid seeded
with sufficient moisture to germinats
the seed.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13
GET A START WITH ALFALFA

There are few farmers whose profits
would not be increased greatly by rails
ing alfalfa.
There is no combination Of feed so
economical for production of beef,
Dork, milk, butter and eggs, and for
growing animals, as corn and alfalfa.
We need alfalfa, because it balances
the corn ration and saves large waste
Of starch which always takes place
where corn is fed alone. We need al
falfa because we can, in this way,
grow on our farms the protein more
nrofitahly than we can buy it in manu-
factured feedstuffs. We need alfalfa
because 1t enriches the soil and en-
nbles us to grow larger crops of corn,
oats and other grain; because it pro-
duces on an average double the feed
value per acre that red clover or any
other forage crop will produce. AL
falfa Is no harder to grow than any of
the other forage crops. 1t adapts itself
readily to all kinds of conditions Of soil
and climate and produces three and
sometimes four crops year in the
corn belt; in the cotton belt states,
sometimes seven and eight crops.
When a good stand is once assured it
lasts four or five years in humid re-
gions, and much longer in states west
of the Mississippi river. Alfalfa can
be fed to all kinds of farm animals and
has no superior as a hog pasture. 1t
adds humus to the soil and resists
drought better than any other crop.
No piece of ground on the farm will
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13
Double-Faced Tailored Suits.

Among the early fall shows are
considerable number of severely cut
tailored suits made of double faced
materials and colored harmoniously.
One of the most attractive OF these
seen last week was of deep wine pur-
pie faced with puce. The SKIRT was
cut with straight front and back pam
els and circular hips and the hem was
uneven so that with every movement
the light facing of the under side was
visible. The bottom of the skirt was
blanket stitched with heavy purple
floss and very little of this stitching
was used on the coat, which was cut
snug round the shoulders-but with d
rippled body. The collar was high and
stood out well from the chin in front
and was piped with seal.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13

open, making the fruit subject to the
inI,umerable rot spores that abound
everywhere. When once under the skin
of the fruit, blotch cannot be cured or
even remedied, therefore 1t is very adj
visable to catch the disease In ample
time.
Repeated experiments have shown
conclusively that lime-suiphur solution
will not control blotch, and further
that bordeaux mixture completely con-
trolls the disease. AS arsenate of lead
can also be used with the bordeaux
mixture we have the complete mixture
for the combat of blotch and numer-
Gus other fungous diseases, as well as
the poison to control insects.
Blotch Is not so prevalent In more
northern orchards. and is much worse
in southern Indiana, Illinois and Ohio
than farther north in the same states.
Careful pruning will remove many
of the cankers which can be burned,
Kidding the orchard of so much Of the
infection.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13

tailored suits which are so dear to the
hearts of our more exclusive Pari-
SienneS.
AS l said, in a recent article, the
true Parisienne will wear pure white,
black and white or soft gray, all
through the summer and autumn. For
her. brilliant coiors are out of the
question. She has known SO much of
sorrow and anxiety since the outbreak
of this terrible war that she has no
inclination to appear in bright-hued
gowns.
But the lovely American and Span
ish girls in our midst have other ideas.
For them the great dressmakers and
tailors in the Rue de la Paix and Place
Vendome have designed costumes in
butterfly tints, and for this fact we
feel intensely grateful, for linen suit
in bright rose linen, or even in emer-
aid green, is CHEEKY sight on glo-
rious summer day.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13

bed. About the first week in August
seed the alfalfa as described above.
Spring Seeding With Nurse Crop.
A fourth method is to seed in the
spring with light nurse crop of early
oats or barley. In case oats are used
it is best to SOW not more than buShel
to the acre, cutting them when in
bloom for hay. The advantages of
this method and also of the second and
third methods mentioned above are
that we secure crop and do not lose
the use of the ground for one year.
Some of our best alfalfa growers have
used the beardless barley as a nurse
crop with good results in spring seed
ing.
Good Results From June Seeding.
Some of the best stands of alfalfa
have been secured by seeding in the
middle or last of June. For June seed
ing, the ground is MANFRED and plowed
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13
How to Arrange Flowers.

must have long stems. Dahlias are
very fine for vase use. Do not crowd
into vase flowers enough to supply
half a dozen vases. When grouping
cut flowers, remember that quality
and not quantity is what should gov
ern. Have stalks long enough to lift
them well above the vase In which
they are placed. Before cutting bios
SONS, study the general appearance
of the plant from all sides. Let the
plant itself tell you how its blossoms
should be clustered.
Short-stemmed flowers should be
placed In low, fiat bowls. They are
especially attractive for table decOra-
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13
Study Your Good Points.

There are two little rules which,
when understood and learned, ought
to form a basis for any woman who
wants to look attractive. The first is
bring out your good points and the
second is conceal your bad ones. In
other words, the art Of dressing de-
pends upon your remembering that you
are an individual and determining ex-
actly what kind Of an individual you
are
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13
Good Method for a Small Patch.

Good Method for a Small Patch.
For small patch of two or three
acres perhaps the second most salts
factory method is to manure a piece
of ground near the barn where 1t can
be most conveniently used for hog pas
ture. The ground should be plowed
fitted and sOwed to rape, early in the
spring. This should be used for hog
pasture during May and June. During
the first week of July the rape stubble
should be moved down and the ground
thoroughly disked, then plowed and
again disked and narrowed.
Any time during the last week of
July or the first week of August, the
ground should be thoroughly disked
and worked down so that it is firm and
solid. If there should come a rain dur
ing the latter part of July or the first
of August, it is good plan to prepare
the ground and sow the seed at once
while there is sufficient moisture in
the ground to sprout the seed and give
the young alfalfa a good start.
Alfalfa After Barley or Early Oats.
A third method, and one with some
advantages over the others, where the
season is not too dry, is to grow a crop
of winter wheat, barley, early oats, or
early potatoes, and follow that crop
with alfalfa.
AS soon as the grain is ripe it should
be cut and removed from the field APP
ply ten or fifteen loads of manure to
the acre. Disk the ground to mix the
manure and stubble with the soil, and
pillow and again disk and harrow and
work down to give a firm, solid seed
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13
RELIABLE REMEDY FOR LICE
Any Good, Mild Grease, Either Lard
or Meat Fryings Mixed With
Kerosene, Is Favored.

For chicken lice one OF the most
reliable remedies is any good, mild
grease, either lard or meat fryings, or
a mixture OF any with a little kero-
sene. 1t won't hurt the chicks or large
fowls as long as you don't get it too
strong. Rub the grease In the feath-
ers for lice on the body, while for
mites put kerosene On the roosts once
q week.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13

inchwide strips, braided carefully so
that all raw edges are folded in and
the braid rolled into round or oval
mats, from few inches in diameter
to larger size. The brsids are stitched
into place on the under side as they
are rolled.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13
For a True Bias.

To obtain true bias place the mate
rial flat on the cutting fable and with
d ruler or yardstick laid across one
corner draw a line with chalk or COZ
ored pencil. Use this line Tor guide
in cutting.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13
Chintz Table Mats.

No one need be without table mats
IL they care to follow these directions.
which even the children can carry
out The result is pretty and useful.
The mats are braided from strips Of
bright coiored chintz. 1t is torn into
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13
Teach Lambs to Eat.

No matter how much milk the ewes
may have at the birth of their lambs,
the lambs must early be taught to eat
extra food if you would make big
weights at an early age.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13
TIGHTEN the Bolts.

Where burs are apt to work of
the ends of bolts through the rafting
of machinery, get some nuts that have
holes through them and run a piece OF
wire through, fastened securely to
shaft or other immovable part
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13
No place for Poor Farmer.

A good farm is poor place for a
poor farmer, because no man could
be on a good place long and still re-
main poor. He would be a poor farmer,
indeed, If he did.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13
More Money In SiIo.

Practically every farmer has planted
crops this year which will furnish
more feed if put into the silo than if
handled in any other way. In most
cases they will also make more money,
particularly if the season should be
wet or late, or both.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13
Value of Rotation.

Rotation Of crops Is not only good
for the soil and pocketbook, but it is
CORRESPONDENCE hard on weeds and
insects. 1t is the way-the only
way.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13
Disk Is Useful Implement.

The disk is one Of the best nipple,
ments farmer can USE Furthermore,
the double disk Zone set throwing the
dirt out and the other I'M is more than
twice as good as the single disk. Land
that needs one disking generally needs
two.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13
Blotter Always of Use.

A blotter Is one of the most useful
things either to have for ones own use
or to give to a friend.
They make most handsome presents,
but are expensive to buy. With very
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13
On Your PaTasol.

Embroider your name on a narrow
piece of silk ribbon and sew It on the
strap or inside Of your parasol. 1t
provides an excellent and inconspicu-
Gus mark Of ownership.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13
Wronu Way to Cultivate.

The wrong way to cultivate corn is
to cultivate shallow when the corn is
small, and deep when 1t is large or the
last time through.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13
ALFALFA BALANCES
THE CORN RATION

IN the fall, and in the spring kept Gull
tivated or disked through April, May
and in the first part of June to kill the
weeds; or in case the ground is not
fall-plowed, it should be MANFRED
disked, plowed and again disked as
early in the spring as possible and then
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13
Train the Colts.

Train the colts, don't break them.
Be gentle and patient, and you can
make a good horse out of almost any
horse.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13
Better Care for Cow.

Give the good cow a little better
care. Every calf she gives you will
more than repay you for any extra
Csre.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13
Causes of Bee Failures.

Beekeeping is rot so simple as II
looks most failures are the results OF
the supposition that there is not much
to it.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13
Deep Plowino Pays.

The farmer who has plowed deep
will have grain to sell and grain to
keep regardless of the dry season.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13
Nothina Too Good.

Nothing is too good for the great
American buying public.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13

Better Farming Lessons Worry.
More pasture, corn land, live stock
better farming and less worry.
The Watertown weekly leader. [volume] (Watertown, Jefferson County, Wis.) 1912-1917, 1916-09-13
Sheen EAT Al, Weeds.

Sheep will eat almost every weed
that grows.