The sun., 1916-08-27

to adjust the child to the en-
vironment Of adult life. then
the school in its methods and In
its various activities must reflect
the religious. social and economic
conditions of the times. With the
change from a tool age to a ma
chine age, through which we have
Just passed, there must come q cor
responding change in the education
that will adequately equip the hid
to take his place in the new Industrial
world that confronts him.. With the
spread Of education and the rise Of
democracy. social conditions are being
revolutionized and demand a corre-
spending change in the work OF the
school. Nor do the changes in re-
ligious belief and religious practices
make n less imperative demand on
the school for q preparation Of the
pupil than will enable him to retain
his belief in God and in the great
fundamental religious truths on which
all Christian society rests.
The demands for change made
upon the school by the adult world
max 1T necessary for the philosophy
Of education to reexamlne and recon-
Stiu't = SsStVii VI NubNttNi'hol vim
Accordingly. in current manuals and
educational periodicals we find illumi-
mating discussions of such topics al
1.-THE Cultural Aim versus the Vo-
cational Aim" Educating for Indus
trial Efficiency" Educating for Eco
nomic Efficiency Educating for So
cial Efficiency" Educating for Conn
plete Living" &C. Are zach OF these
aims ,l,in,atAS Ava eornn 70 no "a
garded as means Il the attainment: Of
higher aims. or along what line may
We look for a reconciliation and ad-
Justment between apparently conflict
ing aims? These are problems that
are at present engaging the attention
~ all students OF TIE philosophy q
education.
Under the manifold changes NJ cur
ricula, Of methods and Of aims in our
educational work there are some
things that remain permanent because
they correspond 10 the permanent and
unchanged conditions of the adult
world. Whatever views may be enter
tanned by different schools OF philoso-
piers concerning the relative value Of
the various aims which we have Just
mentioned, there Is practical unanim.
ity that under a form Of government
such as ours education for worthy
citizenship must maintain its place In
every school that undertakes the
training Of the future citizens Of The
republic
Our public school system has been
created by tho State, and It ia being
maintained by our taxpayers precisely
for the attainment OF this aim. The
masses OF our people are not born ia
be subjects governed by a ruling class.
The perpetuity OF our free institutions
and the permanence OF our Govern.
ment demand that our children after
leaving school shall take their place
in the body OF citizens who are capable
Of enacting just laws. Of administering
them wisely. and of obeying them
faithfully.
The State supports its schools to the
end that the children may grow ur
into self-supporting. self-respectine
and efficient members OF society; into
men and women who. instead OF be.
coming a public burden. will contribute
their share to the public welfare: into
men and women who. instead OF de-
manding armed force to prevent them
from indulging In acts Of dishonesty
will promote public morals by the in.
tegrity Of their own lives: into patn'
otic citizens who will be ever solicitOus
for the public welfare n who viii
always place tho public good above al
private gain. In q word. the ultimate
aim OF State education IL, and mus
always remain, TO educate for citizen.
ship. As far as the State is concerned
all other educational aims are ethel
Indifferent or secondary. but she mus
insist upon education for citizenship
not only In her own schools but in al
other schools which undertake to traiE
her future citizens.
In the early days Of tho republic
there were no State schools. Children
attended either private schools o.
schools supported and controlled b,
the various religious denominations
and while. at no present time. tn
public school system has Grown on
Of an proportion to tho othe
school systems. Catholics have no
ceased to build up and to foste
their own system Of schools. becaus
the Church Is not satisfied with TIL
results produced by the State schools
The Church has neve accepted edu
cation for citizenship MS the gotl a
the educational process. and she neve
can accept II as the ultimate aim o
the education given to her children