Evening star., 1916-04-30
Will Produce New Rules.


principles to new conditions will give
US new rules which have never before
been recognized or even conceived by
the nations of the world and which
cannot, therefore, be now invoked by
belligerent or neutral
'1f 1 was asked what was the chief
cause of the new conditions and
changed methods of land and naval
warfare. ] would unhesitatingly an
swer the invention of the internal COM
bustion engine. 1t has made pra ctica-
Bile the automobile the submarine the
aeroplane and the dirigible. 1t has
made surprise almost impossible on
land and it has vastly increased the
possibility of surprise at sea.
The change of conditions which this
invention. aided by the telephone, the
wireless and the camera, has brought
ABOUT, is comparable only with that
which was wrought by the invention
and use of gunpowder. These new con-
ditl&ns offer to the student of interna-
tional law field of speculation which
is at once attractive and difficult.
"Must Be Philosopher"
Il mean by difficult that. however
ardent the student may be, he must go
very slowly or he will lose his bear
ings. He must be philosopher rather
than legalist. He must scrap-heap a
lot of the old ideas embalmed in Law
ers of precedent and return for light
and inspiration to those eternal prin-
ciples which must guide nations in
their relations with one another if
liberty and justice are to be exalted
in the earth.
ut is the Interchangeable standard of
these fundamental principles which is the
rock of salvation to international law
and whatever code Of rules to the
conduct of war may in the future be
formulated by the nations of the world
must find a sure foundation on that rock
which is imbedded deep in the conscious
ness of modern civilization"
Tribute to Mr.. Root.
In conclusion, Secretary Lansing paid
this tribute to former Secretary Root,
president of the society
In the new field to which we VIII
turn our attention and which I pray
God may soon be open to us | hone
that the society may continue to have
as its president the wise statesman and
profound thinker who for the past ten
years has given so much of himself
to the society and to whom in very
large measure our present prosperity
is due. With his commanding intellect
and lofty ideals to guide us we can
advance with the full assurance that
we are treading the path which will
Iedu US " tiIe
Traces Development of State.
David Jayne Hill. whom Mr.. Coudert
introduced as "a great master in his
tory, diplomacy and international law"
announced the subject for his address
as international Law as an Expres-
sion of Life and claimed that the
former cannot be understood without
first going deeply into the latter After
tracing the development of the state
from empiricism through absolute ma
tionalism to the freedom of individuals,
he said:
The rights and duties of nations
would be embodied in a constitution of
civilization, were freedom of the indi-
vidual universally true today"
Might does not make right" he
stated later in his speech. ''and no
sophistry can ever make it So" The
limits beyond which governments may
not go must be defined, he said. and
this is done in the Constitution of the
United States, but not in the consti-
tutional governments of Europe.
There should be recognized legal
restraint upon what one nation may do
to another until after there has been
a charge, trial and callection before a
jury OF impartial nations,'' he said and
went on 10 point out that without such
restraint a nation takes whatever it
can hold and is ready to perpetrate
any enormity in order to attain selfish
ends Such condition, he said, threat
ems the destruction of civilization and
even of the human race. He closed
with the assertion that the time has
come for the nations of the world To
affirm national rights and duties upon
the regard for which the future of
mankind depends.
Judge Gray's Address.