The Meridian times. (Meridian, Idaho) 1909-1938, 1916-12-29
FIRST AID lnsures Minimum Loss
OF Service of Animal.
LIABLE TO MANY INJURIES
Air Kept From Wound Causes pain
70 Pass RapidIy-stop Flow Of
Blood by Several Methods
Use Antiseptic Fluids.

AOlSe, anu 10 follow I'D
WIN proper treatment, not only in
sures minimum loss of service Of the
animal, but frequently saves its life
Horses are liable ordinarily to such
wounds as cuts, decorations. contu.
slons, bruises, punctures and poisoned
wounds. They also may be burned or
scalded, incur troublesome harness or
saddle gals, or be afflicted with Ill
GERS, assesses, or fistulas.
An incised wound is a simple cut
made with sharp body, like knife.
producing merely division of the it's
sues. The duller the body the more
force is required, the more tissue de-
stroyed, the greater the time required
Tor healing. In a cut wound the
cages are even and definite, while those
OF lacerated wound are irregular and
torn. Three conditions are present as
result of an incised wound: "a Pain.
~ hemorrhage, (3) gaping of the
wound. The first pain is due to the
crushing and tearing of the nerve
fbers. The secondary pain is usually
due to the action of the air and in
tiammatory processes. When air is
kept from the wound pain ceases soon
| after the lesion is produced. Bleeding
may be from the arteries, veins, or
capillaries. In the latter form of bleed
ing the blood oozes from the part in
drops. Hemorrhage from the veins
| is dark red and issues in a steady
stream without squirting. In arterial
bleeding the blood is bright red and
spurts with each heart beat. This lat
ter variety of hemorrhage is the most
dangerous, and should be stopped at
once before attempting any further
treatment. Bleeding from small veins
and capillaries ceases in a short time
spontaneously, while larger vessels,
especially arteries, require some form
of treatment TO cause complete stop
page Of the hemorrhage.
Stopping Hemorrhage.
Checking the flow of blood may be
accomplished by several methods, such
as compress bandages. torsion, hot
iron and ligatures. The application
of an iron at red heat viii cause the
immediate CLOTHING of the blood in the
vessels, and this clot is further sup
ported by the production of scab,
or crust, over the portion scared. If
the iron is at a white heat, the tissue
is charred. which makes it brittle and
the bleeding is liable to be renewed /;
if at a black heat, the tissue will stick
to the iron and will pull away FROM
the surface Of the wound. Cold wa
fer and ice bags quickly stop capillary
bleeding, while hot water is preferable
in more excessive hemorrhages.
A solution of the chloride of Iron
placed on a wound alone or by means
of cotton drenched in the liquid pro-
duees rapid and hard clot fannie
acid, alum, acetic acid, alcohol, and
oil of turppntine are all more or less
active in this respect To check bleed
ing from large vessels compression
may be adopted. When it is rapid
and dangerous and from an artery, the
fingers may be used for pressing be-
tween the wound and the heart (digital
compensatory. hut if from a vein, the
pressure should be exerted on the
other side Of the wound. Tourniquet
may also re used by passing strap
around the part and tightening after
placing a pad over the heEorrhage
The rubber ligature has now replaced
the tourniquet and is bound tightly
around the limb to arrest the bleed
ing. Tampous, such as cotton tew, q
oallum. may be packed tightly in the
wound and then sewed up. After re
naming there for "A or As hours they
are removed.
Bleeding may sometimes be easily
checked by passing a pin under the
vessel and by taking a horsehalr anc
/ forming a figure by running it above
and below the pin, thus causing pres
, SIRE on the vessel. Torsion Is INC
twisting of the blood vessel until the
walls come together and form par
riar 70 the flow Of blood. 1t may Dc
, ACCOMPLISHED by the fingers, forceps
or by running a pin through the yes
sci turning it several times, ano
then running the point into the tissue
70 keep it in a fixed position,
LEGATION is another method for stop
. ming A hemorrhage. The blood Yesse
! shonld be seized with the artery LOT
cons n clean thread Of SILK passed
4 around It, and tied about one-half incl
= from its end. The silk should be ster
, uized by placing 1t in an antisepli'
: solution, so as not to impede the neal
inc nrocess or cause blood-poisonlns
: or lockiaw. which often follows il'
,;cotion of vein with unsterliizeo
noterial Sometimes it will be IN
nossible to reach the bleeding Nessel
; 80 II Is necessary to pass the lgatur'
oronnd mass of tissue when IN
, clrdes the blood vessel. Llga1loh !,
, the most useful method of arres, ,i
, hamorrhage since it disturbs heallns
Ioost and gives the greatest security
ago,nst secondary hemorrhage'