davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1916-01-23
THH TURNING OF Tna scALR

When the war opened all adj
vantage was on the German side in
the matter of heavy artillery. The
42-centimeter guns that knocked to
splinters one fortress after another
were surprise. The world had
heard rumrJrs that Germany had
prepared Something of the kind; it
didn't believe, until it saw Namur
and Liege.
At another point, however, the
Germans were not so far superior.
The French field and machine guns
are probably superior to the Ger
man; but they were not to be COM
pared for numbers.
In year and half of war the al
lies have had to match this equip
ment of their enemy; but they have
had one advantage: the opportunity,
while they were doing it, to make
yet bigger and better pieces. This
they seem to have done. Just as the
first dreadnaught became the mini
mum for battleships thereafter, so
the 42-centimeter howitzers became
the minimum in heavy artillery. The
allies must overmatch it; the Ger
mans must win instant victory while
the advantage was still with them,
or be beaten in the game of bigness.
Seemingly the allies have won in
this contest. They are emplacing
along the Franco Belgian line great
pieces that outrange the biggest
German guns. They have bombarded
cities from a distance of twenty
miles, and done it effectively. Posi-
tons that were supposed a few
weeks ago to be perfectly secure are
being smashed. The pendulum has
swung back to the side of allies ad-
vantage, and the moral effect on the
Germans, heretofore calmly con-
fident that everything in their hands
was superior, is described as de-
moralizing.
The time has passed when the
Germans can be credited with every
possible advantage. Preparedness
has at last been achieved by the
other side. 1t was an awful struggle,
just to maintain existence and hold
on the conquerors till that much
could be done; but it has been; and
the war, with, this much accom-
plished, viii never again be the
hopelessly one-sided affair it was in
the early stages.
The Washington times., 1916-01-23
BULGAR RULER BORES
EMPEROR OF AUSTRIA
YRwnInE Reception Given Ferdinand
Dy Francis JOSef-NeVeF PerSona
GFata AZ Vienna.

Ferdinand of Bulgaria has never been
persona grStR at the court Of Vienna,
and. like all the crowned heads of the
RRikan states. he was despised and
looked down upon not only by the En-
neror and his encourage, but also by
tho Ntcnnese in general; EsNs > Rome
dispatch TO the NeD York Suh. The late
King Milan of Serbia knew this so well
that during many years he regularly
and handsomely SubSi1iZed the editor OF
the Naue Freie Prcssc,
When Ferdinand visited Vienna after
his appointment as Prince OF Bulgaria
he waited In vain for an audience with
Francis Joseph, but In order to spare
himself the humiliation of leaving the
city without being received by the Enh-
peror.. he decided to 9rply to Frau
peror, whose attachment to beV dates
back MANY years ago when she WIS a
favorite singer Of light operas. FTonciS
Joseph gave a house to Frau Schrath at
visits her daily. and often follows her
advice.
Ferdinand Of Bulgaria sent Frau
SchTath a Jewel case containing pair
of beautiful earrings with the following
note:
"a deem it an honor to oSer You the
earrings my mother wore till the day OF
her death. and | beg you to accept them
and intcrcedc with the Emperor on my
"FERDINANn or BULGARIA"
\ few days lated Ferdinand was re-
Ceived bv the Emperor. Ills head was
al but turned with JOY and in order TO
create a favorable impression with the
Emperor he carried with him in a large
leather bag the best specimens Of his
collection Of manuscripts. family docu-
ments, and heraldry papers, which he
presented to the aged monarch for i'm
spection in the course OF tile audience
Francis Joseph was bored to death
and did not hesitate to show IL. In
fact. he occasionally yawned while
he glanced casuslly over the documents
ana shortened the audience After FER
peror told the chamberlain in attend
anca. tount Thsu, that he was sur
prsod that oven R9lkan sovereign
could be 50 lacking In good manners as
TO consider hlmsclf on terms of equal
itv with an emperor, and added. He
presented his case like any common
notary"
The Washington times., 1916-01-23
Plans to Mobilize u. S.
Resources Nearly Done

The War and Navy Departments arc
fast completing plans for the mobiliza-
ton OF the nations transportation.
maritime, and business resources for
use in case of war. in conformity with
suggestions made by President Wilson
in his message at the opening OF Con-
gress
The Navy Department, it became
known today, has completed the data to
be used under Secretary Daniels plan
for mobilization OF resources to De
drawn on by the navy in the event OF
necessity.
This data includes information re-
garding arms, ammunition and steel
manufactures that could be given con-
Tracts on short notice. Other data re-
Intes to location and capacity of large
concerns that could suddenly be called
on for provisions in quantity All this
data will be included in a comprehen-
sive volume which will be revised at
short intervals and kept always at hand
by the navy general board.
Ready For Mobilization.
Secretary Daniels said today that
among the matters already investigated
by the department are the following:
Number. tonnage, and owners or
every vessel privately owned in the
country, which might be pressed into
service as a naval auxiliary in time or
war.
Number and owners OF private motor
boats and launches which might be OF
service to the Government.
Name, location, and capacity OF every
manufacturing plant in the country
which might be utilized for the purpose
OF manufacturing equipment, etc, FOR
oil and fuel output of every company
engaged in this business and increase OF
output possible in case or urgent de-
mand.
In addition to securing this and a vast
amount of other information on the
possibility of rapid mobilization OF the
countrys resources. the naval advisory
board. Secretary Daniels said. Is hard
at work investigating innovations in en-
gines and motors of all kinds. "a large
amount of the important information
sought is now in our hands" he said.
Plans For the Army.
Extensive plans for the mobilization
of the transportation resources of the
United States in time of war are also
under consideration by the general stan
OF the army. the War College. and the
American Railroad Association, The
following details now being studied were
obtained from the War Department:
\ survey OF the railroad systems of
the country with reference TO the move
mcnt of troops and supplies.
A survey of the equipment construc-
tion, and repair facilities of the rail-
roads.
The reinforcement Of weak spots in
the railroad system by motor trans
portation.
} The linking up Of the waterways with
the railroads, particularly for the NOV
ing Of supplies and munitions.
The creation of a board of expert rail-
road men which shall assemble in
Washington In time OF war TO assist the
general stan In moving troops and
munitions.
These points. II was stated. form tho
outline OF the ideas now being studied.
the details of which are being kept
strictly confidential. Secretary Garri-
The Washington times., 1916-01-23

as $4,000 for the drilling operations
necessary TO determine whether there
was oil under a given piece OF land;
haps 1000 feet deer, have been put
9own TO- get oil on some claims. Mani
Iestly. that sort OF thing could be done
only " the prospector was assured Of
getting the oil II he found II.
g. me public land ofhcialg gave Patesnntts
On that day President Taft issued an
order temporarily Withdrawing" from
mineral entry practically all tho oil
bearing public lands In California. This
order sought to dis3ossess operators
who on that dute were not actually at
work, although they had picked their
lands. and have since then gone ahead
with their development. spending mary
millions of dollars.
Taft Order Questioned.
This is where tho great Injustice
comes in. The order of Temporary"
withdrawal, has been treated as per-
manent withdrawal. Operators who at
that time were working on their aims
were compelled TO 60 on working, lost
their prospect Of getting title was 81
hopelessly impaired that they could not
finance their projects.
Question at once arose as TO the TO-
gality of the Taft withdrawal The
lawyers, for the oil men were almost
Unanimous in holding 1t illegal. Cases
were taken into Federal courts, ana the
Federal judges In B. numDer ~ raSes
General OF the United states was ap.
penled to. and .opined officially that the
order was void. President Taft frank
ly told Congress in a message. that ne
grayeiy doubted the validity OF h;S act.
supporting the belief that the with
drawal was illegal, the Operators
checred UP and went on developing their
Gains. The Government took no steps
tc stop them. The Interior Department.
knowing all about the sit lR''o1. did
not interfere. Many millions were
spert in the developments. Then came
the final blow.
Supreme Court Rules.
After six years Ielay the case got
20 the Supreme Court Of the United
states and a decision was rCn iernd last
February. 'Che maiority OF the court
five judges. with thrae On the other side
held that the withdrawal was leg5i.
There had meantime been passed the
Gn called Pickett act, by which Il was
supposed that Congress had sought to
held that 1t didn't accomplish this
purpose Il merely foro4 le future with
drhwals save by act OF Congress. but
did not invalidate the Taft withdrawal.
With this decision III nan !. the DO
partment OF Justice had nothing 10 10
but proceed to recover the lands. II
has been bringing suits and receiver
ship actions as fast as they could be
prepared. There has been no charge OF
fraud; none could have been possiblo;
II Is merely alleged that the operators
had acted under a construction OF law,
accepted by the Government itself
which has since proved bad; so the
lands must be returned, no matter hoy
much injustice 1t does.
The effect Of all this has been to
threaten ruin to the California indus
try. Precisely how this has worked
out, and to what desperate straits II
has brought the Western oil business,
will be explained In another article.
The Washington times., 1916-01-23
"oRHATHR WASHINGTON"

The most salient feature about the
result of the police census Of Wash
ington, just completed, is the show
ing Of a normal, widely distributed,
and steady increase in the popula-
tion Of the city Of Washington until
now it has reached 357,749. The city
has not been subjected to booms and
to periods of depression. Except for
the few years just after the civil
war the growth of the city runs re-
markably "true to form"
Another healthy characteristic
about the census is to be gathered
from studying the figures Of the
various precincts. The increases are
pretty evenly distributed. A falling
of occurs in the downtown precincts
in the business sections; and the in
crease is taken care of all around
an arc ranging from Georgetown,
sweeping across Mt. Pleasant, and
winding up with the northeast Sec
tion. The one section in which there
is a marked growth is in the resi-
Dental district north of Park road
and east of Rock Creek Park.
So far as business Of the city is
affected, especially retail business,
there is one important factor which
the census of the District does not
show. Its figures by no means in
clude the shopping population of
Washington. There has been
marked growth in the homes just
across the District line. Though
these residents are not included in
the numerical census they must be
included in any commercial survey.
With the marked growth of popula-
tion just across the District line
along the City and Suburban line
running to Hyattsville; along the
Rockville and Brightwood and Chevy
Chase lines; and across the river on
the Virginia banks of the upper Po-
tomac, the population of the Greater
Washington would easily exceed the
400, 900 mark.
The Washington times., 1916-01-23
Cannon Kept BulgdrS
Fooled In Serb Retreat
Dramatic Event of Balkan Campaign Is Indicated in
Brief Communique THE Lost Eight Cannon
Wagon Roads Blown Up by Engineers.

come from Krivolak. I'm not supposed
to tell you, but the fact IL we're ovae-
uating Krivolak. and the Bulgars ere
probably in It by this time"
Later developments showed that his
guess was a. good one. At the very
time we we're talking Of Kriyolak, the
Bulgarian cavalry was marching into
the place.
StfumnitZa. The cannon had been
draeged down from the nearby hills and
Hefo being loaded on nat cars while we
had breakfast I'm the railroad station.
II was noon when our military guide
led us 70 box car IN freight trail
aiid told us TO climb in.
We were starting back to the Greek
border. Not q single venturesome news
paper man beRRed to remain. In our
train we're box cars loaded with fugitive
Serbian soldiers. with Serbian civilians
who were carrying whatever Of their
household effects they had been able to
transport by hand. with French soldiers
whose feet were wrapped In heavy sack
ing. victims Of frostbite. There were
also cars carrying cannon. hay. and
wood. and cars with high walls, above
which appeared the heads of tightly
packed horses.
We were beating II. with the French.
from Serbia in a retreat that will per-
haps be considered one of the most dra-
matte events IN the history of the war.
The two engines snorted for q minute
Of cars under way. We rolled slowly
over the Vardar bridge-which was
blown up two days later-and saw, amid
the girders, the ends OF the long fuseS
which were to be lighted at the last
possible moment.
The wagon road to the Greek border
ran parallel to the railroad for many
miles and we overlook many wagon
trains. A French aeroplane SCARED
above us once, heading toward KrivolaIS.
In the mountains we heard artillery
booming and once or twlco We saw
the flash of big guns. These guns must
keep talking loudly and busily TO. pre-
vent tho Bulgars from knowing that
retreat was under way. It was these
few guns in the mountains which the
British ccn1munique referred to when II
said: I'VE lost eight cannon" The
British artillerymen stuck to them TO
By night time We were back in
Saloniki.
The Washington times., 1916-01-23

cotton Is now worth over IL cents
in Memphis; "aud II you put on an
embargo, it will not he worth 1
cents week after next" The Sena-
tor is right. Yet It is actually pro-
posed to prohibit sales Of cotton to
the allies in order to ''help cotton!"
Cotton, in the first place, doesn't
need help. 1t is doing wonderfully
we'll. If it did need help, il wouldn't
get It by any such process.
The Washington times., 1916-01-23
THE FUTILITY OF EMBARooHs

One of the causes of the war of
1872 was the embargo which this
country enforced in the effort to
avoid trouble and at the same time
coerce countries which, being bel
hgerents, were considered to treat
our commerce with less amiability
than it was entitled to enjoy.
An embargo on shipments of war
munitions now, or on general com
merce with particular nations,
would probably have like effects.
Instead of being an effective means
Of preventing trouble; instead Of
forcing better treatment for our
selves, it would increase the diff
culties and add vastly to the danger
of actual clash.
The embargo is the policy of cow
ardice and weakness. This country
ought to use every means to ex-
tend and improve it's commercial
position, not to contract and weaken
it. 1t is not our affair that certain
nations in the world are unable to
buy in our market because they
are blockaded. That fact gives us no
grievance against the blockading
powers; we have been the blockad-
ing power ourselves, at times. In
the future we shall probably be the
blockading power again. There is
no nation on earth-no, not even ex-
cepting Great Britain-that has
more need to maintain the fullest
measure of the right and authority
Of the maritime nation to use it's
maritime power to the utmost de-
gree in war. This country is always
going to place large reliance on
naval power; in the nature Of
things it must do so. Naval power
will be of no use to us if we restrict
the uses of naval power to such a
point that we cannot accomplish
anything worth while. We want
free seas for our commerce, free
4llhN lOA Oul ilcNdl lOLCCb W 6lN~
press our enemy's commerce if they
have the power. We are planning
to be a naval power only second to
the greatest; perhaps the time is
not so very far ahead when it will
be necessary for us to equal the
greatest.
The war has destroyed our COM
merce with Germany, Austria, Italy;
to extent also with Russia. In order
to make the thing equal as between
the belligerents, some Americans
propose that we now embargo COM
merce with the other side. That
would leave US with no commerce
at all, the reputation of arrant COW.
ardice, the object of the jeers and
contempt of the world. 1t would
ruin the very industries that we
pretend to want to help.
Senator Williams, denouncing
1sn-intercourse proposals, said that
The Washington times., 1916-01-23

ss TO the progress OF the investiga alton
and the final report is expected to call
for specific appropriations. particularly
for an increase In the number of motor
vehicles for the army.
Army officers say water transporta-
ton Will undoubtedly be used largely
Tor the Transportation OF supplies where
speed Is not always as important a fac
tor as In the movement OF troops, and
where the cost is a considerable item.
The board Of railroad experts to sit
IN Washington In wartime would be a
oody or trusted men. who would be
given the troop movement plans and in
structed to work them out from the
knowledge they have. The fact that
the railroads are privately owned pro-
hibits the building OF strategic lines.
ana II Is for this reason that a system
OF supplementary motor lines is being
considered
The Washington times., 1916-01-23
Doctor Bill of SIG
Is Paid After 16 Years

ST. LOUIS, Mo-. Jan. 23.-Dr. Walter
II. Fuchs has Just received a check for
SllS from a man for whom he performed
an operation sixteen years ago, and
whose whereabouts he has not known
Tor ten years. This sum. DR.. Fuchs
said. was the balance in full for a bill
of 1892
DR.. Fuchs declined to give the name
of the man. but said he now lives In q
southern city. The operation was ON
his four-year-od son. The letter ae-
companying the check said the son died
Two years ago OF typhoid fever. The
rather said he had never forgotten the
debt. but that financial reverses had
prevented him from paying IT,
The Washington times., 1916-01-23
MORE SCHOOLS

The fact that New York's schools
are not adequate to take care of all
the city's children has received coun-
try wide attention. The fact that
the needs of the National Capital in
the matter of school buildings has
been neglected and is yearly grow
ing worse, seems to have aroused
little comment.
Whoever is assigned to control the
public schools will face a tremen-
dous responsibility in pushing a
building program that will not only
meet present needs, which are
urgent enough, but will provide for
coming demands, which are appar-
ent and certain.
Nobody is to blame but Congress
for the present crowding in the
schools, from kindergartens clear
through to the high schools. The
Commissioners and the Education
Board have urged buildings, and
they spend much time which might
effectively be devoted to other
school matters in pressing upon Con-
gress the perfectly obvious needs
for increased school facilities.
The Petworth situation at pres
ent is an apt illustration. There one
kindergarten has seventy pupils. The
significance of that is that parents
are keeping their very young chill
dren out of school rather than en-
trust them to already overburdened
teachers. Other grades are in pri-
vate homes and in portable schools
about as far from properly equipped
school buildings as could be found.
So one might take section after
section, pointing to the long delay
in getting needed schools, and to the
present need of new ones. 1t took
six years of pressure upon Congress
to get an appropriation for a site for
Eastern High School, and the school
is not yet begun. 1t took five years
work to get the Park View School
and the school will be filled when
completed and another needed. 1t
took years to get an appropriation
for a Central High School building,
while pupils were kept in an old
poorly lighted, poorly ventilated
and poorly heated building. It took
eight years to get Congress to real
ize the need of replacing the John
son Annex, a fire trap, by an addi-
tion to the Powell School, which is
not yet built.
Some cities have got to the point
where they have program of school
building mapped out, designed to
care for pupils as they are ready
to enter school. Here Congress waits
until more than enough pupils are
ready for school, and then listens re.
luctantly to a demand that the
school be built.
The Washington times., 1916-01-23
Evening Services in the CHURCHES

Metropolitan Memorial Church. John Marshall place and
e0y ~ God dSain snd the n[a Io a"G SO p M
Foundry E. S and 6 GrTs Rev. We'd
West & waSfDsGa RsS Baptist ax Fad s a5 s Had fs north
IT s
First Church Of Christ SCIENTIST Columbia road and Euclid street
Second Church Christ Scientist Fifteenth streets north
Zone Man Who Always Did Just What He Wanted
All R1 c. T. P Fss4 Of and
R
Grace oT s GeaEg w. ASCENSION ETsa.ns a s aaa % % ESQ
First RoSsp w. c s blight Tn IF s5 m northwest Rev.
TeOsophc Hall 1916 northwest Lecture 1.-THE Neces
UHiysF & 3R Sss Sixth st PsTs Lecture by Alfred
Fifth 5oBa Rps Bags GgsA 4aF sa Ssy' street ou" Rev.
Of 0 Columbus oho p % " 0' '' H. H. " ''s'i''
UG" c4S Rsy 1SH sR ss: Rs":a 2 a ne
Mt Vernon Place Church South Ninth street and MassaShu
f'ftS cnsr Rev. Edward A'Fde BY Rev.
H'~nS Clark FsGs F S9R eng streets Rev. Lu'
BiP tSs Grr TGTr s @ In and e % s o %oS
Ninth southeast Rev. F. w.
Bethany Baptist Church. Rhode Second street
northwest Rev. Hugh T. Stevenson "Our Debts to the Jews"
7:45 p. m.
Church. Fifteenth northwest
Henry H. Ranck. "The Work Of the Soul" p. m.
Spuast Pythan Temple 1912 Ninth
Address by the Rev. George W. Hates "Our Cause
7:30 m.
northwest Milton "The Kind Of
Faith That Saves the Sinner" m.
lexington Presbyterian Church. Capitol
Rev. Henry E. Bndage Material That
Men," 7:45 m.
Washington Heights Presbyterian Columbia and Kaoama
roads, Rev. John c. Palmer "The Unwearied God"
York Avenue Presbyterian Church, New avenue
teenth and streets Rev. Wallace Radcliffe
viVals-The Three Thousand''S m.
Presbyterian Church. Rhode Island
northwest Rev. A. Bower "FOrsakng Christ" 745
Metropolitan Presbyterian Church Fourth southeast
Rev. Paul r. Hckok. "Dong AS Commanded" 7:45 D. m.
McKendree M E. Ninth
northwest Rev. L. Morgan Chambers Unavoidable
Christ" p
Christadephan Chapel New Hampshire Georgia avenues
Need, The Hour, The Man." p
Metropolitan Baptist Church. Sixth and
John Compton Ball Three Terrible Things Will Never
Come to a Christian" 745 p. m.
Church of the New Jerusalem Sixteenth
west Rev. Paul Speny "The World
mediate State" 7:30
Emmanuel Baptist Church. Sixteenth Columbia
Cove Griffith Johnson "The About
day." m.
Fourth Presbyterian Church. Thirteenth
west Rev Joseph T. Kelly Illustrated stereopcon lecture
w. H. H. Smith on "Jesus Great Miracles"
Maryland Avenue Baptist Church. Fourteenth and
avenue Rev. Harry Goodwin. "The Thief" 1880 IN.
The Washington times., 1916-01-23
CO-WOrkerS Give Banquet
To Charles J. Osborne

Charles ]. Osborne, who has been con-
nected with the department store of
>. kann & Sons for fifteen years. was
given complimentary dinner last night
at the Continental by the buyers and
department heads. Mr.. Osborne has re-
signed to accept a position with the
Washington branch of the Ford Motor
Car Company
Many short addresses by co-workers
al the store followed the dinner. Mr..
Osborne started to work in the estab-
ilshment as an elevator boy and rose
70 position OF responsibility. George
D de Neale was toastmasteT. and pre-
ssente9 to Mr. Osborne a handsome
travelling bag. the gift of the sales
ladies' Of the store.