davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Arizona republican., 1916-09-10
Bargains in Good Highways Fortunes Wasted on Unneeded Roads

the slow development of property along it, so that there is a slow an- nual increase in what is called the residential travel. If tho road is on a through route between important cities some distance apart there may or may not bo material increase in the foreign travel, by which is meant the travel between these cities. This can only be determined by a study of local conditions. The residential travel can be actually counted, how ever, and this ought to be done. The state highway department or the U. z. Office of Public Roads and Rural Engineering at Washington will fur nish instructions for the work, which can be done by school children un- der the direction of their teachers. This is 2 kind of child labor which no reformer will weep over and the efficiency expert will approve
 We have now found out something about our resources for road build ing and the travel our roads must carry. This brings us to the point where technical advice is needed We are like the sick man with a little money laid aside, whose physician
 must recommend treatment within these means or he is not a profess
 sional man but just a pill peddler.
 tbI tNdinple, twenty years ago. when
 broken stone roads without any bi-
 luminous material to bind them an- swered all requirements. experience
 in the suburbs of large eastern cities
 indicated that the most dura blc roads ! there were constructed of trap rock This is quite expensive, prohibitively expensive, in many parts of the coun- try. but the idea became general that
 1t was the best rock that could be | employed under all conditions This idea was broken down by the sci entific investi gations of the U. s. Of- flee of Public Roads, which showed that trap rock was not so suitable for roads with light travel as other | classes of rock. far more widely dis | tributed than trap and consequently
 less expensive Still later it was I shown that roads without any rock
 at all, ma6e of certain proportions of sand and clay were actually better | for very light traffic in some dis trlcts than roads with broken stone surfaces.
 | The travel over a road wears it out ] in different ways. according to the | number and character of the vehicles, [ the relative proportion of horse drawn
 vehicles and automobiles, the climatic | conditions and the moist section with 1 cold winters is needlessly expensive | for q dry section with little frost
 Some types of roads wear out quickly
 but are easily maintained; other types withstand travel well but when they
 need repairs the work is expensive. | All these things must De considered
 in determining the annual cost of a
 road, which is done in the following | way:
 The first element of this cost is 1 the first cost of construction Der mile of road, including all engineering ex-
Arizona republican., 1916-09-10
FIR ANK H. LYM A N

penses. Knowing the travel over the road. an expert can estimate the number of years such q road will serve it's purpose. if properly main tained, before reconstruction is nee essary. This cost divided by the num- Der of years of service gives the an- nual first cost. To this must be added the annual interest on the first cost per mile and the annual pay ment into a fund which will be enough to reconstruct a mile of the road when it is worn out. or 10 re- tire the bonds that are sometimes is- sued to pay for the first cost. The annual cost per mile of maintaining the road in serviceable condition is the last item tC he estimated The sum of all these items is the total annual cost per mile of the road, and this figure Is the most important one
 to the taxpayers. But another unit for measuring cost. which is some times very useful, is the cost of the road per vehicle mile. This is ob-
 tained by dividing the total annual cost per mile by the number of ve- hicles using the road annually. Tn. type of construction which gives the | lowest cost per vehicle mile is gen { erally the best 10 employ.
 1 While the preceding notes explain ! the steps to be taken in buying q ! good road. they cannot supply tho
 good judgment necessary to take thS steps wisely. We admire the skill O.
 q slack-rope gymnast but we are mol | foolish enough to emulate him. The | skill and knowledge needed to select the right type of construction for ( road are greater than those required l by the slack-rope performer and ye our minds are so warped by constant
 use cf roads that we are strongly inl clined tc think we are able to do tn,
 work of read engineers. We will D. | losing money in our road buying unti
 we stop this foolishness.
Arizona republican., 1916-09-10

Buying good roads is a business transaction. Good bargainers get bet ter road value for their money than poor barSainers. Poor hargainers usually do not know what good road value is. They see something they like in their travels and buy it for home use without stopping to con slider that this may be as ridiculous as to put on a dress suit to feed the cows. No man can make a good h;hgain for roads who does not know what is needed; yet a large part of the $500 0000 coo which is being spent on American roads this year is paid out by men who do not know what is a good bargain in roads. This is not wholly their fault, for little has eyer been said about the real eco monies Of road construclo.l
 Nobody but a spendthrift thinks of spending more money than he has on something he needs. He fits his eX- penditures to his income. if he is sensible A sensible road commission tries to do the same, but it is often hamperod bv a lack Of knowledge Of how to proceed Detailed knowledge of this nature is only gained by wide observation. keen insight and shrewd judgment. and for this reason a com pe:eut state highway commission possessing such knowledge can render great aid to local authorities who apply to it for advice.
 The first thing to be considered in buying good roads is the amount Of money which it is wise for a com mumity to spend for them Most esti- mates of this nature are based on the existing annUal tax receipts available for the purpose. This Is not the best basis for Q sound judgment A family of three persons can make an income of $1S00 go farther than a family of six persons can. It is the same with roads. To find out roughly how much money can be devoted to road work it is best to divide the assessed of roads in it. This gives the valua . ton, or taxable wealth, of the dis tuct per mile Of road. For instance, Lake county. Michigan. has a valua- ten of only S5,420 per mile, showing that no. even the entire wealth oi the county is sufficient to improve all it's roads. Wayne county, Michi- gan, on the other hand. has valua- tion of S5l4,931 per mile. indicating it's financial ability to carry out any kind of road improvements in req son. Ir a rich agricultural district like Calhoun county, Michigan, the valuation is $j2.294 per mile, indicat- ing that it Is financially able to con- struct whatever kind of main roads may he best suited for the travel on them.
 There is q measure of the need foi roads. just as there is a measure of the financial resources for roadbuild- ing. This measure is the travel the road is carrying now and the prob able increase in the travel during tho next five tn ten years. The improve ment of q country road results ir
Arizona republican., 1916-09-10
LODGE LORE
Kniuhts of Pythias

For several weeks Phoenix Lodge No. 2, Knights of Pythias. has been busy preparing to present Damon and Py- thias" to the public. They have se- cured the veteran actor and producer, Charles Ellis to stage the new Damon and Pythias." which is an up to date version of the beautiful old Grecian
 play. Over thirty people will take part. This version of the play has
 been especially arranged for local
 lodges to present. wednesday, Sep
 tember 27. is the date and the Elks'
 theater is the place. The following
 well known knights compose the com
 mttee of arrangements: F. w. Smith, w. F. Drake, Clarence Ice, Marion Lit
 tie, R. T. Harrison and C. l.. Maddox. Royal Neighbors
 The Royal Neighbors of America started in their fall and winter work in good earnest last Wednesday night There was a good turnout of members and a very interesting meeting. A campaign was started, sides were chosen and badges made of white and purple ribbon for getting in new mem
 bers. The losing contestants will ban quet the winners.
 After the business session the ladies were invited to join in with the Mod ern Woodmen for the rest of the even i ing and right royalty were they en- | tertained indeed, after which ice cream l fancy sherbets and cake were indulget 1 in and very much enjoyed by one
 and all. The Royal Neighbors wish. to thank the Modern Woodmen for tho very enjoyable evening.
 The R. N. A. will meet every Wed.
 nesday evening in K. P. Hall at
 o'clock. Visiting members in the cit,
 wishing to communicate with the loca secretary call Mrs. Mary Seidel 10f, ] South First avenue. Visitors alway.
 made welcome in the camp.
Arizona republican., 1916-09-10
TO THE VOTERS OF MARICOPA COUNTY

As a candidate for the office of Sheriff of Maricopa County, herewith present to the voters. my platform upon which base my claims to the support of the demo- cratic party in the primaries.
 IT believe that every law upon the statute books of Arizona whether good or bad, should be strictly enforced and it is my purpose, if elected. to enforce such laws so far as it lies within the power of the sleriffs office to accomplish that end.
 2-I lelieve in efficiency, economy and courtesy and if elected it is my purpose to appoint efficient and courteous deputies and materially reduce the number of deputies now employed, to restrict the use of county automobiles to official business and consequently reduce the ex- pense of the office
Arizona republican., 1916-09-10
To The Democrats of MariCopa County:
candidate for the Superior Judge Maropa County

As candidate for the Superior Judge of the following for your consideration:
 Admitted to the bar in 1889
 A resident of Maricopa County, actively en- gagged in practice, since 1893.
 In the discharge of my duties as public officer your attention is respectfully directed to my record as prosecuting attorney and legal ad- wiser of this county
 As Superior Judge of Division Mo- of Mari copa County since July 1, 1915 1 have had one half of all civil cases and juvenile matters, the probate of all estates, all guardianships and dur ing the absence of the Judge of Division Mo- 1, all criminal cases. On July 1, 1916, all cases ready for trial were disposed of.
 1 am not seeking this nomination on my ability to run Maricopa County and all it's offices -only that of Judge of Division No. of the Superior Court, and as to my ability and quail fcations invite investigation by interrogation of any person who has appeared in Division No. 2, in any of it's departments, or any member of the bar of Maricopa County engaged in active prac- tlce oe1ore me. Respectfully submitted,
Arizona republican., 1916-09-10

Native Arizona Self reliant h the service the people, accommodating public his first official acts two his office there by making possible provide offices for the Supreme Court Judges saving turned the State large his appropriations unheard precedent showing he efficiency the conduct of office would be the best possible example v service which retaining office officials who have interests of the people at heart.
 DON'T FAIL TO VOTE FOR HIM ON SEPT. 12
Arizona republican., 1916-09-10

3I believe the sherfs office of Phoenix and constabs elected pledge myself to heartily tmes
 4If elected faithfully perform duty imposed upon regardless whom body of men to the contrary.
 Sgned) " IT MILKY
The American Jewish world. [volume] (Minneapolis ;) 1915-current, 1916-08-04
August 4, 1916

the country. There is scarcely
state in the whole country that does
not now have citizenship classes
carried on either by the public
schools or under the direction of
private agencies.
In many localities where there
are hundreds, and indeed thousands,
of citizens admitted annually, no
cognizance had been given this i'm
portant proceeding by the general
public, municipal officialdom, public
school or other authorities until
brought to their attention by the
representatives of the Bureau of
Naturalization.
1t is confidently believed by those
who have made an exhaustive study
Of existing conditions that this great
nationwide educational movement
will, beyond question, change that
portion of the alien body which is
now in a condition ranging from
helpless dependence and mere self
maintenance, to state of produce
tive capacity.
The American Jewish world. [volume] (Minneapolis ;) 1915-current, 1916-08-04
OPEN AIR. SCHOOL TO BE
MANAGED BY BOARD
OF EDUCATION.

AS a result of a conference be-
tween the Board CT Education and
the Anti tuberculosis Committee,
the Board decided to take over the
entire management of the Open Air
School which since it's inception has
been largely financed through the
sale of Red Cross Christmas Seals
The progress of the children was SO
rapid in the school and their physi-
cal Improvement 50 great that the
Board felt that the experiment had
been successfully demonstrated, and
had now become a public function.
This action, Mr.. Frank ]. Bruno
states, will release the Committee
to extend it's activities along other
lines, either to conduct further ex-
pcrimcnts or to press more vigor
cusly its educational campaign.
The American Jewish world. [volume] (Minneapolis ;) 1915-current, 1916-08-04
THE EFFECTS OF A DREAM.

versy with the rabbi, previous to his
boarding of the train, Haydn decid-
ed on returning home and changed
trains at the next station, coming to
Steinberry, the place of his abode,
in time for Sabbatic services in the
morning. Seeing the communal lead
er at synagogue, both rabbi and
Schochet, felt somewhat uneasy, for
fear of the leaders coming would
spell interference with the rabbits
plans. The fear of the rabbi and the
dread of the Schochet disappeared,
however, when at the intermission
Mr.. Hotz announced the coming of
distinguished rabbi, reflected upon
his onerous mission and, advising
one and all to contribute lavishly to
the sufferers in Europe and Turkey
as result from the universal war,
and offered his own donation of five
thousand dollars as nucleus for a
fund and sample for copy.
The American Jewish world. [volume] (Minneapolis ;) 1915-current, 1916-08-04
EDUCATION OF ALIENS.

Mr.. Frank E. Spaulding, Superin-
tendent of Schools of the City of
Minneapolis, has been in commune
cation with the Bureau of Naturali-
cation of the Department of Labor
relative to the nationwide move
ment promulgated and fostered by
the Bureau having for its object the
Americanization of alien residents of
this country. This movement has
been inaugurated with view to the
instruction of aliens in the English
language and the principles of gov
eminent, so that when citizenship
has been acquired they will be pro-
ducing rather than dependent mem
bers of the community. Mr.. Spauld-
ing has expressed his keen interest
in the plan and has signified his de-
sire cordially to cooperate with the
Bureau of Naturalization in the fur
therance of it's educational program.
In his letter Mr.. Spaulding says:
1--WE have been doing something
through our evening schools to pre-
pare foreigners for naturalization
and we are making definite plans
now to do much more We hope to
work out definite course of instruc-
ton which will be recognized by
the Judges who will accept our GER
tifcates for completion of these
courses in lieu of the usual educa-
tional examination. We shall be
glad to receive from you monthly,
as you suggest, the names and adj
dresses of aliens declaring their in
tention Of becoming citizens of the
United States. This information
will be of much assistance"
Emphasizing the necessity for
education of the aliens residing in
The American Jewish world. [volume] (Minneapolis ;) 1915-current, 1916-08-04

Among the Approximately l4,OO0,
600 foreign-born residents in the
United States, 1,650,361 foreign
born whites are classed as illiterate.
These illiterates are the natural prev
of the designing and scheming for
eli gners and natives, as we'll, at every
turn. They compel them to pay
tribute, both in cash and blood, for
every service both real and imagin-
ed, and in the qualification of their
desires, however INSCRIPTIONS or
unnatural.
For years, this condition has been
studied by the Bureau of Naturali-
cation in it's application to the adj
ministration of the naturalization
law. 1t is safe to state that al
though $1,000 forei gners have been
refused citizenship because of men
tai and moral unftness, at least that
many have been admitted to citizen
ship, in spite of these deficiencies,
during the period of Federal super
vision. The courts have been re-
luctant to refuse citizenship to
candidate, even though he be ignor-
ant of our institutions or of the priv
ileges conferred upon him. Espec-
tally is this so where there are no
facilities offered by the cities and
towns where the petitioners live, for
overcoming these defects. In many
places the public schools have, un-
der the inspiration of the Bureau of
Naturalization, opened their doors
to the foreigner and have taught
him the duties of American citizen
ship and in these places, the courts
have readily responded to the new
order Of things and refused citizen
ship unless the candidate could come
up to the higher standard which has
been brought about by the Federal
supervision. This system the Bureau
has tried out for years and with sue
cess in various localities thrOuphO11t
The American Jewish world. [volume] (Minneapolis ;) 1915-current, 1916-08-04
THE AMERICAN JEWISH WORLA

Minneapolis and vicinity along the
lines indicated, the latest statistics
available show:
Hennepin State of
Minneapolis County Minnesota
POPULATION, 1910:
Total population. .~.. 3O1. 4O8 333, 48O 2075,7O8
Foreign born white. IS 938 80 1925 543,O10
Per cent of total 285 27.8 26.2
Total population
Male 81, 345 1922 1,1Os511
Female l "A, OO3 100, 2lS 961 l9I
Males to 100 females 1892 TAG
Foreign born white
Male oGU4o1
Female ...-~............. 222, 529
Males to 100 females 144O
MALES 21 YEARS OLD AND OVER:
Total number O5, 3O5 49, 1872 642,66
Foreign born white 45,159 49,13 298,282
Per cent of total 429 42.3 AGA
Naturalized 23, 462 25,708 179, 1877
Having first papers 5,427 5877 26,222
Alien .......-.-....~..~~.. 1O,3O5 1900 58,132
Unknown 5,S65 O,55U S4,I4l
Number illiterate.~~ 2,6O5 2,745 19947
Per cent illiterate. 5.8 Sc ST.
PERSONS 10 YEARS OLD AND OVER:
Total number SO, 526 279 $50 1,628 635
Number illiterate-~. 6,139 $3.50 49,33S
Per cent iliterate~ "a 2.3 80
Foreign born white. "a, 124 90919 533, 915
Number illiterate--.: $500 6O58 1927
Per cent illiterate. 6.8 81 76
APPLICATIONS FOR CITIZENSHIP, 1911-14
b be.Dnsts . $3.50 $3.50 $50 $50 1872
Figures not given.
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1916-07-26
TO CENTER FIGHT
ON MEXICAN POLICY

New York, July 22-The Republic
ans from the very start of the coming
campaign will attack President Will
sons Mexico policy.
This has been decided by the Re-
publican national campaign commit
tee.
Colonel Roosevelt will fire his broad
sides at the presidents Mexican policy.
Charles r. Hughes will make this
the subject of his opening assault on
the administration in his speech of &C
ceptance here July 81.
Mexico was the particular topic of
discussion at the two hours meeting
of the committee in the Hotel Aston.
Oscar S. Straus was the only one of
the thirteen members not present and
all the others, representing the whole
country, agreed that on President Will
sons Mexican record alone Mr. Hughes
should win.
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1916-07-26
BRITISH SCIENTIST: DEAD
Sir William Ramsay Attained Emil.
1890

Sir William Ramsay Attained Emil.
nence az a Chemist.
London, July 24.-Sir William Ram.
say, eminent as chemist, died at his
residence in Beechcroft, Hazelmere,
Bucks. ,-t- s~
Sir William Ramsay was born in
Glasgow, on Oct. 2, 1853, and was
made a knighttin 1902 He was presi.
dent of the British Association for the
Advancement of Science
Sir William was known as a man
of brilliant Imagination and daring
conceptions. In 1907 Sir William set
the electricians and chemists of the
British association at each other by
his announcements concerning radium.
In 1913 Sir William and Professors
Collie and Patterson startled the
world by an announcement Of the pos
sibility of the transmutation of one
element into another.
Sir William was awarded the No.
bel prize for chemistry in 1904.
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1916-07-26
UNITED STATES MAY
ACT IN RETALIATION


Washington, July 24.-1ndications
that officials are considering the ad-
visibility of taking economic retalia-
tory measures against Great Britain
for blacklisting nearly 100 American
firms and individuals under the trad
ing with the enemy act were apparent
in administration circles here.
In the event of economic reprisals
being decided on the department of
justice and the department of com
merce, it was said, probably would
develop means of effecting them.
1t was stated positively that the
United States will take positive steps
of some sort to prevent injury to
American concerns through operation
Of the act.
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1916-07-26
BRITISH ATTACK
ON wide. FRONT
London Reports More Gains in
Western Area.
BERLIN lei L REPORT !|'l DIFFERENT |: /:

Germans Say Assaults Were FruitIess
and That the Enemy Suffered Heavy
Losses-Austrians Retire Before the
Russians in the carpathians.
London, July 24.-Attacking along
seven-mile front running from Thiep-
val through the villages of Pozieres
and Longueval to Guillemont in the
Somme region of France the British
have captured the outer works of Po-
zieres, according to the British Off
cial communications.
Longueval also was taken, but the
Germans in heavy counter attack
regained the end of the village.
Sunday the outer portions of Gull
lemont twice changed hands. The
fighting, which Is described as being
of intense violence, continues from
Pozieres to Guillemont.
Berlin is at variance with the Brit
ish Official communication, declaring
that along the entire line the attacks
of the British were fruitless and that
they suffered heavy casualties.
Around Pozferes and the Foureaux
wood the combatants came to grips in
hand to hand fighting.
South Of the Somme Sunday was
relatively calm, following strong at
tacks Saturday night against the
French near Soyecourt, which Paris
asserts broke down under the French
fire.
The Germans in the verdun sector,
according to Berlin, have gained some
ground south of Damloup.
Considerable heavy artillery activ-
ity. has been in progress at various
other points around verdun.
Austrians Are Retiring.
The Austrians in the Carpathian re-
gion, threatened with heavy Russian
attack in the district southeast of
Tartarow, have withdrawn their forces
toward the main ridge of the Carpa-
thians, the Vienna war Office an.
nounces.
Petrograd reports the capture of ad-
ditional men and guns in this region.
While unofficial advices from Petro-
grad give report of tive.mile gain
by the Russians in the Riga region
the Berlin war Office says Russian at
tempts to advance southeast of that
city were broken up by the Germans,
as also was maneuver in which the
crossing of the Styr river in Volhynia
was the objective.
On the other hand, Petrograd as
serts that the Germans attempted an
attack on the Stokhod river in Vol
hynia, but were compelled to with
draw and that an effort of the Ger
mans to recapture lost positions near
Smorgen, to the east of wilma, proved
futile.
Fresh advances by the Italians
against the Austrians in the Trentino
and Dolomites sectors of the Austro-
Italian theater are chronicled in the
Rome official communication and fur
Their gains by the Russians against
the Turks in the Black sea littoral and
further south near Erzingan are re-
ported by Petrograd.