davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1916-11-02
Study of Military History in Schools
Aids Development of National Defense
By JAMES E. CLARK

educaon which only offered the child but which
insists the child shall receive provided for the OF
equppng individual with knowledge enough take of himself
livelihood to protect HIMSELF TOR the heritage
liberty all entails and the heritage unpalred TO
other generations.
educational system supposed be admirable IN Its complete
outbreak of the European That conflict showed dan
gers of which dreamed Now truth that
nothing contributed in greater degree to the neglect OF national
defen widespread ignorance the military history OF our own
country.
histories especially the school histories have med and mis-
public thought They have ignored covered d1sageaoe
thought to be unpatrot to tell these facts
and requirements for from the danger OF
INVASION the educational system Of the nation
fault Therefore, the school the pupil to
his Bread held that the school should also show him how to
his bread and his of livelihood and do it at least COST
AS have always been nation without of
considerable size excepting when It is conended that the
puschoo pupil should know by the ncorupbe facts Of history
whether this has been the best pocwher it has prevented
whether it has saved lives wasted lves whether has
saved money wasted money.
not to supposed that publoo pupils will be taught the
echnces Of military policies Instead they properly be shown
for great evensu for Instance
why United States compelled employ 527654 during
while the greatest force the British had during
that only 16500 and Why despite this superiority OF
numbers small British army repeatedly defeated troops with lite
fort
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1916-11-02
CERNAVODA BRIDGE A WONDER
Great Railway Span Across the Dam
ube Cost Roumanian Government
Nearly 100000.

REGGIE Carol I is the official name
Of the greatest bridge in Roumania and
one of the most interesting series OF
railway spans in the world. It is the
long steel and stone link which when
completed in 1895 bound Ostend on the
North sea to Constantza on the Black
sea, two ports that ut the outbreak of
this war were connected by a de luxe
express train service three times n
weeks, says bulletin Of the National
Geographic society.
At the time it was thrown open to
traffic this was the only bridge SPAN
ming the Danube below the Serbian
capital Of Belgrade. The engineer re-
sponsible for the structure was ROu-
manian, A. Snligny by whose name the
village of Cernavoda is designated en-
some of the more modern mAps of that
country.
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1916-11-02

changes extend over centuries, so slow
Is the normal change in the surface of
the land on which they grow and in the
other factors which affect them.
The Shifting Panorama.
But in the dune country such changes
In surface are rapid. From year to
year the dunes creep and crawl under
the influence of the winds. New dunes
are created, old dunes swept away ;
where a dune has been conquered by
plants and trees and has stood the
same for years the shifting sands may
start an invasion and pile new dune
on top Of the old. TO all these con-
stantIy shifting conditions the trees
and plants as constantly fight to accom-
modate themselves.
One may see q promising forest of
jack pines, naples or cOttOnwOodS half
buried in the rising sand or drowned in
the flood, with nothing but their dead
tops projecting. One may find where
the willows, for instance, quickly
changing to meet the changing condi-
tons, have grown trunks twice as tall
as usual, with roots running out sew
eral feet higher than the original sur
face of the ground.
Sometimes after the trees have
grown tall the sand moves away in
stead of piling up and the roots are left
bare, twisting and twining in curious
shapes.
Some of the sand dunes are more
than 10 feet high, and in many in
stances their tops and sides are carved
into beautiful and strange shapes by
the lake winds.
Especially desirable is the preserva-
ton of part Of the dune country as a
park and reservation for wild life near
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1916-11-02

Together with the approaches and
the stone causeways across that part
of the neighbOring marshes and mead
Ows which are subject to periodical
inundatioEs, this great structure is full
~ IA miles long. The bridge proper,
over the main channel of the river, is
slender iron structure more than g.
400 feet long, disposed in five arches.
Two mighty abutments on the right
and left banks, together with six stone
piers and ice-breakcrs, support this
section which is elevated more than
100 feet above the water, thus enabling
the tallest vessels to pass beneath it
without hiEdrarce.
The bridge cost the ROumarian gov
crnmcnt nearly S7,00O,OOO. With it's
completion Bucharest was brought
within seven hours Journey of the
Black sea shore. The eastern end Of
the bridge is 80 miles in an airline west
Bucharest. The distance by rail be-
tween the capital and the port is 147
miles. Owing to the Importance of this
line in the handling of troops landed at
Constantza by Russian transports,
work probably has been rushed on the
double tracking Of the road between
Bucharest and Cernavoda, this extern
sion of the siatc-OWned railway SyS-
TEN having been decided upon by tho
ROumanian parliament more than
year ago.
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1916-11-02
CLr1BING THE rAlHTURL FOUNTAINS

big city, because In addition to ITS
wealth of plant growth it is one of the
great way-stations Of the birds in their
flights to and from the South. Tho
chain of the great lakes bars the North
and South pathway Of the birds for
hundreds of mhles, and in their mulG-
tudes they sweep round the western
edge of Lake Michigan to find the first
open road. In the spring and fall hum
dreds of different species stop over in
the wooded country of the dunes to rest
their wings.
Eagles Seen There.
Prof. II. G. Cowles of the department
of botany in the University Of Chicago,
who has worked and studied in the
dunes for 20 years, has often seen
eagles there. Many varieties of owls
and hawks are also among the feath-
cred residents.
A large part of the dune country
which is adjacent to Chicago has al
ready been exploited. The manufacture
ing town of Gary was built among the
dunes, which were leveled to suit the
purposes of commerce. Another big
tract is used as sand mine and ruined
as an object Of natural beauty and in
terest.
It happens that during the Gary
boom a tract of $500 acres, Lying be-
tween Dune Park station and Michigan
City, was bought up by local syndi-
cate and is still held untouched in it's
original condition. It fronts eight miles
on Lake Michigan, and Professor
Cowles is authority for the statement
that it's beach cannot be surpassed by
that ut Atlantic City. The slope out to
deep water is most gradual, and the
sand itself is much finer than ordinary
sea sand, because it is sifted by the
winds, which leave only the finest.
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1916-11-02
Despite + high Wages Here Other Nations
Surpass the United States in Savings
BY J. L. DAVIS
Vice President Union Trust Company. ST. Louis. Mo.

significant that the United States where noto-
high people out of each thousand have savings accounts
Australia there England 3O2 Germany 3
France $780, Belgium 39 and in Switzerland 554 1t Is also
Germany France England and Japan the number OF
depotos greater than the United States and that Germany W
aggregate of savings deposits almost large as the
United States although Germany population only about t"o
thirds large
Banks companies performing services that are
educational in and doing than thou
than any other to reduce poverty
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1916-11-02
WING within q ride of one hour
and half from the center Of
+I,~ n;txr 10 TI,;ooCo &c a natural

VI
the city Of Chicago is natural
49, wonderland, which has attract
I'd the keen interest of scientists the
world over. Yet it is not likely that
,ne out of thousand Chicago people
ever visits it-much less is acquainted
With the marvels which it presents.
When the International Association
If Plant GeographerS held their meet
ng in Chicago years ago it's members
scientists from several continents,
Who were familiar with most parts of
he world-were asked what features
hey specially wished to see in the
United States. Every one of them in
GUIDED in his list of four or five locali-
ies the sand dunes about the southern
md Of Lake Michigan. They shared
lonors with the Grand Canyon Of the
Colorado and Niagara Falls as the lead
ng attractions Of the country in the
minds Of the visiting scientists.
Lately earnest efforts have been
made to induce Indiana to purchase the
tunes tract and make Of it state
park. It has also been suggested that
he federal government acquire it and
set it aside as national park.
Wonderful Wild Flowers.
The first thing which makes the sand
lunes country unique in America is the
great number of rare wild flowers
which grow there and nowhere else
within hundreds of miles Of Chicago.
Perhaps in no other single place are 10
oe found all the thousand varieties of
plant life which are native to the
1uneS.
Here, for instance, one Is startled to
see the cactus-typical Of the western
1eserts-growing in profusion. Here
also the trailing arbutus, usually found
only much farther north, blooms in all
It's glory. In the dune woods are to be
found ten or dozen varieties of Or
,hids, the flowers of which are strange
y beautiful. One must go hundreds OF
niles from Chicago to find in any other
locality such display of orchids.
In the spring the more wooded dunes
are carpeted with ten or more different
kinds of violets and in the early fall
the fringed gentian-almost extinct
elsewhere about Chicago-blooms in
great abundance On the sloping sides
If the dunes. This is but to mention
The first half dozen Of the more than
thousand varieties Of plant life which
make the dunes with their Intervening
marshes and slOughs the greatest at
traction within many miles Of Chicago
10 lovers Of wild flowers.
But the dunes have another end a
most remarkable feature which makes
them almost unique in the affection of
the scientist and nature lover.
Plants and trees, it is known, change
heir shapes and their habits Of grOwtl,
to accommodate themselves to chang
ing natural conditions. Usually these
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1916-11-02
Ability and Training, Not Influence,
Bring Man Success in Business Today
By MATTHEW c. BRUSH
President Boston Elevated Railway Company

time when influence could not only secure but could
sustain which he not result Of ability and
training, entitled
Personally believe that day has passed. and that have reached
period the survival of the e Per-
character just strong and important today
has the history the world but it cannot do what
formerly did in keeping position to which ne is not by ability
entitled 49,
man, however, perfectly justified if he is confident he can quality
position every influence that he possibly bring to bear
in order to opportunity to demonstrate his ability
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1916-11-02
Unfavorable Experience.

"What's your idea of scieItist?
1.-THE only one 1 ever met" replied
Mr.. Growcher, ''rgas of the kind that
use words of six sy!,ables to IYulain
that they don't know something. -.
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1916-11-02

retogade the point where aeronauc equipment actually
aeonauca Of the colonies of other countries
Realizing this public press promptly demanded that be
taken organize substantial among nations
every consideration of the eountry safety demanded.
of the fact that the public interested in this
oyng public demand has allowed the appo
necessary the plan develop substantial SERVICE
there marvellous this country which
Colonel Squers position coordinate for the benefit of aerial
defens
aordng possibilities distinction and public recognition such few
army officers havee
The Tomahawk. [volume] (White Earth, Becker County, Minn.) 1903-192?, 1916-11-02
Great Opportunity for Service
Equal. the Responsibility That Rests Upon Men Chosen to
Build up Nation'. Aerial Defenses

What the public wants to know is how Colonel
Squier the executive officer Of the aviation division
of the army, is planning to give the United States
thousand trained avators in the shortest te possible
No other branch Of the service has received so
much attention from the public and press
tics within the last year. The movement to develop
aerial defenses strengthened by the achievements
Of aircraft in the war; made the general public realize
that it was shameful thing to have allowed the
try of Langley the Wrghs Curtss and other pioneers
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1916-10-02
Bulgarians Defeated
by Serbs and British
at Two Points on the
Macedonian Front

London, 2-The Russian
toward Lebere and todays official from Vienna admits
Berlin that all rejoicing the
decisive victory General Fkenhayn the Rumanians
British all night reported closing the
6apaume goal although from Berlin claim all attacks have
II officially after beating
positions
surrounding buildings Assisting the advance the
British brought action their
mashine gun fire into the Germa trenchsss .. ,,
captured include villages Zakobaa
zao the official of the operations the Macedonian
ground consolidated
distance in front of trenches"
In addition heavy casualties inflicted the the number
to
sERBIANs WIN DECISIVE VICTORY.
Paris Oct 2-FolIowng advantage gained the
earians kamakealan height
'front.' the Serbian advanced
height occupied the village officially
Bulsaans
It is officially
prisoners the Somme front last night local
BouehaVesnes.
GERMANS CHECK ENTENTE DRIVE.
Berlin, via London, 2-on battle
Of the somme the
after time yesterday They repuIsed, suffering
was officially announced today
RUSSIANS IN BIG NEW DRIVE.
Perosrad, London, 2-The Ausans heavy
Ter attacks yesterday the attempt the lost the
Russian drive Leberg The
the attacks repued and that 1900
AUsTRIANs ADMIT NEW RUSSIAN GAINS
Vienna, sondon, in
Lenbrp
otee supp'ennentns the official announcement
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1916-10-02
Find Entire District
Aroused Over Flood
Conditions; Aid Needed

Abnormal rainfall, the construction
Of great many drain bitches pouring
water into the Red river within a
short time after q rainfall. are the
features responsible for floods in the
Red river this year.
Such is the opinion Of members Of
the city survey body, composed of H.
w. Gearey, Mayor H. F. Emery and
City Engineer F. L. Anders. who re-
turned Saturday night from a lengthy
tour through the district south of
Fargo.
They covered the section from here
south Of Big Stone lake, going around
both Big Stone and Traverse lakes.
Everywhere they found a surplus Of
water, and unanimity OF opinion
among those whom they interviewed
that this seasons rainfall was the
greatest in thirty years.
Everywhere they are talking drain
age ditches," said Mr.. Gearey. "As a
result, the food condition may become
even more complicated in the future,
with smaller rainfall, for the water
will be turned into the Red river in
great quantities within few hours of
q rain.
THE combined efforts of Minnesota,
North Dakota and South Dakota, will
be required, and aid from the federal
government also will be necessary, to
solve the problem." .-.-# .
I'VE covered 300 miles while we
were gone and most OF the country is
SIN under water" said Mayor II r.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1916-10-02

Emery. one Of the three Of the party.
Every pond and depression is still
filed with water and had these little
lakess and ponds and depression
dumped their waters out suddenly in
stead of over a period Of weeks, the
water in the Red river would have
been greatly higher than it was.
1.-THE more I saw of that part of the
valley the more it became apparent
that the Red river is unable to care
for flood waters and especially so If
this territory is drained so that the
water will come out more rapidly
than it has in the past
"All the vast territory south is
drained into the Red. At the present
time considerable portion of the
system Is in Its natural state so far
as the drainage is concerned. The
ponds and lakes drain through crook
ed channels clogged with rushes,
grass and willows. This is retarding
the flow except in those places where
the drainage has been improved and
in these places the time OF emptying
flood waters is short"
Mayor Emery seemed to think that
every drainage project brought in
which empties in the Red rfYer in
creases the chances Of floods in the
river to a considerable extent. He is
of the opinion that the floods of the
last season will be repeated at any
time there Is a little more than a
normal rainfall and with many inn
proYemeIts- in the way, OF Drainage
projects IN times OF normal rainfall.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1916-10-02
Club Committee to
Confer With Officers
On Proposed Measure

The proposed building ordinance,
discussed today by the executive
club, at noon meeting, and a COM
mittee, consisting of E. A. Kicker,
Pres. c. o. Follet and Sec. j. p. Hardy,
was appointed to confer with city
commissioners on the question.
The club committee was Of the
opinion that measure limiting the
amount of money man or corpora
ton might wish to invest in Fargo,
wouldn't be to the city's best interests
at this time.
Emery States Views.
Mayor H. F. Emery stated this
morning that the opposition to the
ordinance had arisen while he was
out of the city and that since his re-
turns he had not had an opportunity
of talking with those who oppose the
measure.
People are prone to look at an
ordinance as a change for all time"
said Mayor Emery whereas an ordin-
ance can be changed at any time to
meet changing conditions.
I'm the matter of legislation there
must of necessity be changes If there
is to be progress, for what is true to-
day may not be true Ave years from
now, or even a year hence.
II do not know Of anyone going to
build any skyscrapers in Fargo as
yet, and / do not expect that they will
be built for many years to come. I
do not think that anyone Is going to
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1916-10-02
Another Zeppelin Was
Shot Down Over London
Friends Feared For
Count Zeppelin S Life

London Oct 2-The official account today Of raid
ZePpens
ery damage One Of the Zppens
Of
She
spectators cheered
second arshp
but wen
Friends Of Count Zeppelin alarmed
smother asp had been brought down England last night
Amsterdam
The count intended
cables, but
the
to join the raiders
Except for Of the envelope hardly a vesee
recognizable part of the huge arshp which brought
night Potersbar
The members of the
tered the field which the aship ashe
from farmers
The Zeppelin seemed almost stationary the
three minutes after the
Tongues OF fire licked along the until all abIaze.
official
Killed and one injured during the Zeppelin raid last night The
nsignfeant although
the raiders covered wide and dropped number Of
were demolished and number Of windows broken"
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1916-10-02

build a larger building than there Is
demand for, and there is surely no one
going to build over a six story build
ing and take the chance of renting 1t
under present conditions"
primitive" Says Ameriand.
Henry Amerland, we'll known real
estate dealer, declares the proposed
six story building limit" ordinance
is primitive, contending that it would
be a check to city development, in
that it establishes a precedente REhichw
incoming capital may not wfsa -
chance.
1T would place Fargo 10 tktS
village class" said Mr.. AmhFIard ~
day. Fargo is now growing, and NV
are certain to continue our aFtendId
progress, unless foolish city le2tStaA
ton is enacted that will Keep enhst4
away.
'"The adoption of the nrpl,lssss
ordinance restricting the conskF1 3
of high buildings, would be- % xz&
mind, very serious block % The 2<fjz
tinued growth Of the city. We ah4HfX
not bar the way to capitai II ana
body wants to invest bis nS9n&Y
here, he will first look the Anl1 nVSH
pretty thoroughly, and would saffSRz
himself that it would be ray i1s&
proposition. When that time conzh&
Fargo should be in position 70 y 6z
come the capitalist willing to give the
city such structure. There Is even
now great demand for modern office
fCnDkfpana6 y &
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1916-10-02
EIGHT DIE
AT GRADE
CROSSING
Cripple .Gateman of Grand
Trunk Railroad Placed
Under Arrest

Detroit. Mich, Oct. Q. - Valentine
Choinski, a gateman of the Grand
Trunk railway at the Forest avenue
crossing, was arrested today. This
followed the investigation of an investi-
cation Of grade crossing accident at
midnight in which eight persons were
killed and fifty-three injured when a
crosstown trolley collided with three
freight cars and a switch engine.
County officials also detained Will
liam Carter, the motorman and Alex
Clistre, the conductor, who were in
charge of the street car. and Henry
Gibson. engineer and Robert O'Keefe,
freight conductor. Choinslki, q cripple,
was employed by the Grand Trunk re-
Gently. He was on duty when the
cars crashed, but left the scene of the
accident and was not found until this
morning.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1916-10-02
Section of Floor
Falls, Injuring 200
at Dedication

Binghannton, N. Y, Oct. "A Sec
ton Of the floor Of the First Presby-
terian church of Johnson City fell in
during dedication ceremonies at $3.50
p. m. yesterday carrying about $50
people to. the cellar, a drop of eighteen
feet. Almost all of those who went
down were moro or less hurt.
It was feared after the first
examination that there would be some
loss Of life as ten of those hurt were
seriously crushed.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1916-10-02
BREWERY
BROUGHT
TEST CASE
Are Railroads Required to
Haul Liquor Into
Indian Territory?
SUPREME COURT TO DECIDE
Great Northern Refused and
Milw. lkee Made it
Test Case

Washington, Oct. 2.-The, early de-
termination by the supreme court
whether railroads may be required to
TRANSPORT liquor into the large section
of Minnesota, in which the govern
ment is seeking to prohibit the traffic
on the ground that 1t is "Ipdian .coun-
try" is requested in an appeal on file
today.
The court has been asked to ad-
vance for hearing the test case of the
Milwaukee Brewing Co. against the
government and the Great Northern
Railway Co. which refused shipments
of beer.
The territory involved, formerly the
Chippewa Indian reservation. en-
braces 1900 square miles, an area
equal to the four states of Massa-
chusetts, Rhode Island. Delaware and
Connecticut.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1916-10-02
FORD STILL
FOR WILSON

Long Branch, N. J., Oct. 2.-Henry
Ford reiterated to Wilson at a con-
ference at Shadow Lawn today that
he was supporting him for reelection
although a Republican in the past.
Ford spend several hours with Will
son. taking lunch with him.
Postmaster General BurIeson, who
came here today, declared he has been
convinced there Is a strong undercur-
rent for Wilson which is growing in
volume throughout the country.
The president was UP before six
o'clock working on correspondence. He
sent message Of coincidence to the
family of Senator James p Clarke,
president pro tempore of senate, who
died at his home at Little Rock, Ark.
yesterday, after brief illness.