davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Manchester journal. [volume] (Manchester, Vt.) 1861-current, 1916-06-29


Miss Ntncyi;, X Proctor is . guest
u NJ Sarah Cornell o. lhe south
distrlc,
See Bushrar July "a a. ARGUS 40
ton Picture Arcade Matinee and
evening. ady
Ny Barbour ~ Tire North district
il ID Pair Haven tbs week visiting
he brother
Mrs D. c. Noble RI Nsd4iebUry WAS
weekend CUES, Of Mr. and Mrs r.
" West Of the West road.
Mira Edward Chaplin Of Brooklyn,
N Y, is guest at the S. S. Pratt
homestead on North Main street.
Ernest II. West loft Monday after.
noon 10 attend the commencement ox-
ercises Of the Vermont University
M and Mr. Ralph Cole Of Auburn
n y. are guests this week Of DR. and
Mrs. K. ". Pearcc Of Church street,
Miss Edith Chaplin Of Brooklyn, n,
Y, WAS weekend guest Of Mrs.
Herbert McTiRhc Of North Main
street
Mr. and Mrs r. y. Evans and nurse
arrived at the hansc last week from
Philadelphia, Pa. and will remain for
che season.
Mr. and Mrs John Palmer and Miss
Martha Po'mer Of Hartford, n. ".
were in town Tuesday calling on
friends
Mr. and Mrs. Grant Matson Of Elm
street spent the weekend in Pawiet,
the guests Of Mr. and Mrs Merritt
Sheldon
Mrs. S, S. Pratt, Mrs. Mylcrt, and
Mrs McT,gho Of North Main street.
returned Saturday evening from
Brooklyn, n. Y
Mr., and Mrs Joseph Phillips Of the
North district, have purchased a piece
Of land from viii McWayne and will
The Manchester journal. [volume] (Manchester, Vt.) 1861-current, 1916-06-29
.# lorset Inn

81; .he dorset Inn.
Bradford Child. who Is attending
school az Worcester. Mass. arrived
Monday evening az the Child's sum.
mer home on Church street for the
remainder % his vacation.
! ur ard Mrs X. NJ. Pcarce Of Phila.
dclphia. Pa. arrived last week and are
occupying the VIM J. Hollcy house on
Church street The family have ar
RAGGED for table board at the Dorset
Inn.
Two young men who were working
for bennett d Downing on the Durand
housr, tHarold Cone and Thomas Eng
iishl, left Saturday evening for
Springfield, VT, to join their com
pany
Il. NJ Campbell Of North Main
street left last evening for Bellows
Falls to attend a trustees meeting Of
the Patrons Accident and Disability
Association which is to be held in that
town to-day.
Messrs. Jos. II. Harrington Jr and
Alfred A. Seymour took a flying trip
to Troy Saturday evening returning
Sunday afternoon. The object of
their journey was TO see the Troy Cit
izen Corps of for Camp Whitman"
Mr.. and Mrs. Charles n. Williams
and their daughter, Mrs. NJ. Andrews,
Of the South district, attended the
funeral Of their nephew, John Fennell
at Castleton last week Tuesday. Mrs.
Williams remained in Castleton for a
few days, returning to Dorset Satur-
day
There will be a community celebra-
ticn If independence Day on the vii
lage green at Manchester, on July
Fourth, at 8 o'clock in the evening.
All residents Of Dorset are in
vited to attend, In case of rain the
celebration will be held on the follow
ing evening
The well known Henry Family filled
a three-nights engagement at School
Hall the first Of this week. They are
a good company and the community
showed their appreciation of their
work by giving them full houses each
Of the three evenings. From here they
went to South SALISBURY where they
will remain the rest of the week.
NJ, D. Matson died at the home of
his brother, Jed Matson, in Dandy, last
week Thursday. The funeral was held
and the interment was in the
family plot in Maple Hill Cemetery.
Rev. McIntire ofiiciated. Mr.. Matson
is survived by his wife and two chill
lren, a son and daughter. Also by
.hree brothers, Jed, John and Owen,
and one sister, Mrs. Fernando Phil
fps, of Dorset.
The latest gift to the library fur
,ishings is made by Mrs. Marcus V.
The Manchester journal. [volume] (Manchester, Vt.) 1861-current, 1916-06-29
A WORD FOR MOTHERS

itisa grave mistake ior moth1ss 10 neg
lect their aches and pains and suffer In
silrnec--this only leads TO chronic sick
ness and often shortens life.
II your wort is tiring II yvur nerves arc
ercitAble; II you feel languid, ~-uy or
depressed, you should know that Scot, .
Emulsion overu,tnes just such conditions.
II possesses In concentrated trm the
very elements to inwgoraie the blood
strengthen the tissues, nouriSh the nerves
and build strength.
SCOTS is strengthening ti,ouAnds Of
motheIs-and will help You. No alcohol.
Stuu q Dywnx. Hu4nAeld MI
The Manchester journal. [volume] (Manchester, Vt.) 1861-current, 1916-06-29

ents, Mr.. and Mrs. VIM. Kelley be-
fore going to their home in Williams
town, Vt.
A very pretty wedding took place at
the home Of Mr.. and Mrs. Charles
Jones Jr., on Monday, June Goth, when
their eldest daghter, Grace, was unit
ed in marriage to Silas Streeter, son
of Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Streeter of
Dorset. The ceremony was performed
by Rev. George II. Gilbert, Friends
extend congratulations to the young
couple.
The Manchester journal. [volume] (Manchester, Vt.) 1861-current, 1916-06-29
A Mind Reader

"But my dear, haven't said a
word"
Nevertheless, | know what you're
thinking; but you're entirely mistaken
and il you had any finer feeling you'd
beg my pardon. "-Browning's.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-07-23
MANASSAS

Especial to The Times Dispatch
MANASSAS. VA. July 22.-The Beth
lehem Good Housekeeping Club was
entertained on Friday afternoon by Mrs.
W. c.. Covington.
The Manassas Good House ecping
Club has elected the following officers:
president. Mrs. r. S Hynson; vice-prcs.
ident, Mrs. L. Is. Williams; secretary.
Mrs. w. Jewell Merchant; treasurer
Mrs. y. y. Nlaloncy.
Mrs. Il. w. Merchant and Miss Eliza
beth Merchant. Of Richmond. have
been guests OF Mr. and Mrs. Henry
Camper.
Mrs. Virginia &. Holt has returned to
Richmond, after visit to her sou-im-
law and daughter. DR.. and Mrs w
Fewcll Merchant.
Professor and Mrs. Orvillc Watson
Moshcr, Jr., are spending tho summer
at New Richmond. wis
Mrs: Yclia Grain. of Washington, is
spending the week here as the guest OF
Mr.. and Mrs. Norvell Lariin
James Il. Nelson, who resigned as
town treasurer fast week, sailed on
Friday To spend several months in
Cuba,
MIR. and Mrs. r. $. Hynson this week
entertained Miss Ada lIinchcloc and
Miss Ora Mason kinchcloe. OF Upper
willie; Reid Iiynson, OF Philadelphia,
and Harvey Janney, of Occoquan.
Miss Eula NJ. Shryock. of Ohio is
me guest OIL MISS Muude Hall.
Miss Lucy Buck and Miss Elizabeth
Buck are visiting relatives mt Ports
mouth.
Miss Julia willcoxon Lewis is the
guest OF her brother, Mars Lewis. at
Norfolk
Mrs. G. - Waters and children are
visiting Mrs. Waterss parents. Mr.. and
Mrs. w NJ. LongweU, OF tiassaway.
w. Va
Miss Ncttic Lohr of Gainesville. Fla,
has been the guest of Mr.. and Mrs
Bayard Sheldon.
Mrs George y. Parker and little
son. Thomas buckingham, after a visit
TO relatives here, have rcturrcd to
White Fish. Mont. Mrs. Parker also was
accompanied by her little daughter
virginia buckingham, who spent the
winter here.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-07-23

famous White River channel. which
flowed through this region in prehis-
toric times ut an altitude several hum
dred feet above tho present beds OF tho
creeks. The streams OF later ages
have out their way down through the
old river bottom, and arc now running
through valleys far below. II is in
what is left of the banks of the old
White River bed that the low-Grade
gold dust washed out by hydraulics
Is found. The old river probably car
ried all the gold now found In the
creeks far below, and they are now
slulcing down it's former banks to get
the gold dust remaining. How long
ago the old river flowed no one knows
The miners have discovered fossils OF
tropical plants, showing that it anto-
dated the glacial period. and they wash
out now and then the remains Of
mastodons and other prehistoric ami
mails which until now have been
locked up in the perpetual ice.
In getting the gold. the water washes
the SAND and gravel down into slulce
boxes filed with steel rifles bcdded i'm
mercury. AS tho stuff runs over the
rifles the quicksilver catches the gold,
and the rock and sand only go on to
the tailings below. Some OF the gold
sinks into the pile at the foot of the
sluicing and does not get into the
boxes until tho cleanup of the fall,
when S250.oO0 may be found in the
gravel and sand at tine foot of the
clir. Something like 100000 cubic
yards of earth is handled this way by
the hydraulic giants each year, and
this brings out gold to the amount OF
over $60o.o coo The average cold con-
tents Of the gravel is in the neighbor-
hood of 20 cents per cubic yard, and
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-07-23

loft on Monday Tor nruskoka, Canada
Robert winborne has concluded a
visit to L. p. Holland on Bank Street.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harvey NJ. Holland left
on Monday morning Cor Richmond.
Henry Norflect Is in Baltimore.
Miss Jcnnle Ware Prctlow has con-
cluded q weekend stay at KenIlworth
cottage. Virginia Beach.
Miss Caroline Boykin is at the kenil.
worth at Virginia Beach.
Mills Powell Is with relatives at
Ocean View
Mrs. II. A. Smyth arrived this week
to visit her parents. Mr.. and Mrs.
George w. Nurncy.
Mrs. j. Thornton Lassitcr arrived on
Monday from Ocean View. and is the
guest of her sister Mrs. r. l.. Wood
ward.
Miss Mary Lloyd left on Monday
morning for Danvillc. to visit friends.
Senator j. Il. West spent the week.
end with his family, who are at Vir-
Rinia Beach
L. p. Jordan and C. r. wallace. who
more. returned nome OF Monday night.
Miss I.ura l.abcy left on Monday
for a stay at Virginia Beach.
Miss Thelma Cloud, of Franklin, is
the guest of Miss Lois Rabey in the
county.
Mr.. and Mrs. r.. II. Smith arc at
WachapreaEue. Va.
Former Sheriff a. II. Baker and Mrs.
Baker have arrived at home from n
motor tour through Virginia, Maryland
and Delaware.
pr w. W. Staley is attending tho
Seaside Chaut. uqua and Summer
School OF Methods of the Christian
Church at Virginia Beach.
Mrs. a. Il. Daughtrey is spending
some time with her son, j woodlcy
Daughtrcy. in Newport News. Va.
Miss Evelyn Lloyd left this week for
a short visit TO friends iii Wavcriy and
on the Eastern shore.
County Clerk \. S. Johnson. OF Isle
OF Wight County, was in the city on
Tuesday
Miss Alma Elan rs tho guest OF
friends Mt Virginia Beach.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-07-23
HARRISONBURG

Especial to The Times Dispatch.l
HARRiSONBURG. VA. July "a
Miss Sadie Payne is the guest OF Miss
Page Budding. in Alexandria.
Misses Eta and Anita Bell. of VIII
burn. are guests OF their sister. DR..
Annie w. Bell
Postmaster and Mrs. Frank l.. Sub
lett and Miss Nancy Sublett have re-
turned from Atlantic City.
T. Frank CARRIER and Miss Bertha
CARRIER motorcd to the Manassas horse
show this week.
Mrs. Fannie Wcngcr is visiting her
daughter. Mrs. Elam Eberlcy. In Fort
Wayne County, Ohio.
Miss Mary Conman LiEEett. who
Taught the pas; session at Spnrtanburg,
:. G.. is q guest of her sister. Mrs
9. Il. Williamson.
Mrs. Clarence -. Wise. of ST. Louis,
formerly Miss Olga Ney. is a guest of
her mother. Mrs. b. Ncy.
Captain and Mrs. r. p. Bunting and
Mr.. and Mrs. y. Palmer. of Norfolk,
Were recent guests OF Mr.. and Mrs.
Ernest Peasants.
Mrs. l.. j. Golden and Miss Ethel
Golden are visiting relatives in Wash
iugton.
Miss Pearl Lewis is visiting relatives
IN Frederick, Md
Professor w. Fl. Ritenour. principal
of Martinsville High School. is visiting
relatives in this vicinity.
Miss Ruth Wallace. of Millboro, is
guest Of Miss Charlotte Yanccy.
Miss Elizabeth Bradley has returned
from VISIT TO Portsmouth and Nor
folk
Miss Russell Patterson, a nurse in
training at Providence Hospital. Was h
ington is spending her vacation with
her parents. Mr. and Mrs. l. d. Pat
tcrson.
Miss Florence Keezel, Of lieczel-
town, is member Of camping party
near Charlottesville.
Mrs. g. Solomon and daughter, Miss
Ruth. of Baltimore. are guests Of Mrs.
+. Ncy.
Irving G. Hardy and bride, who was
Miss Mary Upshur. are spending their
honeymoon AT Massanetta Springs.
Miss Talma Weikel, of Franklin, w.
Va. is guest of Miss Alice Woodson
Mrs G. NJ East, OF s,aunton was a
recent guest of her sister, Mrs. j. T
Houck.
| Colonel and Mrs. T. J. Guthrie OF
+ Washington. are guests OF Mrs. Z. r.
Iollomon.
/ Mrs. Henry Rountree, of Richmond
is a guest of her daughter, Mrs. f. b.
era wford.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-07-23
incnt families OF winchcstor and hnn-

incnt families of Winchester and Mill
wood. Clarke County. Va.
\ number of entertainments have
been given during tho past week In
honor Of the guests OF Miss Theresa
Lynch. who has been entertaining n
house party At the residence OF her
parents. Mr.. and Mrs. Maurice NJ.
Lynch Her guests included Miss Luz
clio RoCgs. of Washington; Miss Glida
Bland Lamb of Richmond: Misses Ag-
ncs Wright and Mary Ellis Tucker. OF
Ashland. Va. and Miss isellc hnthi-
cum, of Fredericksburg, Wa.
MIR and Mrs. Alexander Barrie en-
tcrtaincd at Il buffet supper Il few
evenings ago ut their residence in
honor OF Mrs Henry y. Flood and her
sister. Miss iIildcSarde Portner. OF
Washington. who are in town for the
summer.
Miss Mildred Carter. OF Wilmingto
Del, and Miss Lucille Paiget, of Flush
ing, l.. J., arc guests OF Miss Ruth
Guyer.
the cues, Of Mrs John G. Walker at
tho latter's suburban home, Mansfield.
lcf; several days ago To spend some
time in Washington and Boston,
Mrs Mutton. wife of Captain Louis
Mccoy Mutton. L. 5. N, at present act
ing superintendent of the Naval Acad-
cmy. has gone to Annapolis, after
spending several weeks at the home OF
her parents. MIR. and Mrs. Edward j.
Evans.
Mrs. Arthur y. Hcnnins has been
.yisiting friends this week in Wash
1l%ton.
Miss Ruth Thomas is visiting friends
f. Washington and Maryland for sew
oral weeks.
Mrs. lanes j. Lumley and daughter,
Miss Marv Lumley. left IN "Wednesday
for Baltimore. where they expect TO
make their home.
Miss Elise oldham, who is in town
for the summer with her mother Mrs.
Callic Bruce Oldham. has been the
guest for several days Of Miss Jane
Sands. in Washington.
Mrs j. Mackln Smith, OF Richmond.
who has bcrn tho guest of Mr.. and
Mrs Louis l.. Baker, has gone on Il
visit TO relatives at Wayncsboro. Va.
Courtency w. Wccms is visiting his
bro,her-in-law and sister. DIR. and Mrs.
s. Logan owen, in Washington.
Mrs. Philip Dffendorfcr. OF Balti-
more is visiting her brother-inlaw .
McKim Difendorfer, and family here.
Mrs. Alice O'Ncal and her daughter
n-law. Mrs. James O'Neal, and tho lat
tcr's young daughter have returned to
Richmond. after visiting the formers
'hruth.r-in-law and sister. Mr.. and Mrs.
George W. Haines.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-07-23
WOODSTOCK
Special TO The Timcs-Dispatch.

Especial 10 The Timcs-Dispatch.l
WOODSTOCK, VA. July 22.-Miss
Phyllis Taylor. OF Richmond. is the
guest Of her aunt, Mrs. Marshall JEFF
fries
l.. s. walker. Jr.. who was called to
uncle. Robert J. walker. spent sew
cral days with his mother. Mrs. l.. S.
Walker, en- route to his home in New
York City.
Miss Virginia Haslctt left on We'd
ncsday for Butler. Pa. to visit rela
tives
Mrs Samuel Hoshour was hostess at
a card party at her home on Fort Hill
Strasburg. on Friday evening. The
guests of honor were Miss Koincr Of
Salem. who is Mrs. Hoshours house
guest, and Mrs William y. Cracraft.
of Charleston. W. Va. who is spend
MIR. and Mrs. John Heller, in Wood
stock.
Mrs. Addic Logan. of Philadelphia,
has arrived for a visit to MIR and Mrs
William Pence.
MISS Virginia Schmitt is spending
several weeks at Massanctta Springs.
Mrs. w NJ Calvert is the guest Of
her sister, Mrs. William Davidson. OF
Washington.
Miss Sallie Jeffries. head nurse Of
the Johnston Willis Sanatorium. Rich
mond. is spending her vacation with
her parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Marshall Jcf-
fries.
William Pierce, of Richmond, Is a
guest of Mr.. and Mrs. II o. Nico-
dcmuS
General John F. Roller, of Harrison
blrE. spent several days in Wood
stock this week
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-07-23
OF this. one-half Is said to he profit.
LOSINGS AMOUNT TO
AGTT( ALLY NOTHING

OF this. onc-half is said to he profit.
LOsINGS AMOUNT TO
PRACTICALLY NOTHING
As rode up the valleys. | asked
Mn Thomas whether they were able
10 win all the gold. He replied:
We may lose a cent or two to the
ton, but the amount is so small that
We are unable to tell just what it is
Tile stuff that goes through the dredges
may At times yield 40 cents a ward
and there may lie patches that will
run s. per yard or more. We work
only in large quantities aud We know
what our averages are
asked as to the amount of material
handed, and was told that WITHIN tho
last eight years NOR" than iG,0c0.0O
cubic yards of earth and rock had been
washed Ivy the drcdges ana the nv
draulic giants. the output being about
".Opp,uoo cubic yards for each year
then took my paper and figured A
cubic yard of this rock weighs about
" ton and a half. II would he a good
load for two horses. Let MS supposc
II could he pat upon wagons and each
team with it's wagon take thirty feet
space on the roadway. The teams re-
quircd 10 haul the whole mass would
he l,.o0,000.cOO feet long or, for easy
figuring, Ut 5000 feet TO the mile il
would reach from here for n distance
of 10000 miles. II would he long
enough to go ton times around tho
world at the equator. and if IL could
he started through space on road
way Of moonbeams Il would extend
all tho way TO that luminous body that
makes our nights glorious and still
leave 10000 miles OF wagons to follow.
Up To the present time moro than
NS5,000,o0o worth OF gold has been
taken out Of the Klondikc and OF that
how {. 1,
come from mining the low grade earth
with modern machinery. Mr Thomas
tells me that when he first came here
to look into the country as a low
grad" proposition for the Guagcnhcim
/ syndicate, the crowd Of fortune hunt
ers had left and the few still at work
were barely making day wages They
We're scattered UP and down the VAL
10y, and the Yukon Cold Company
could have then bought the rich, 70
the whole of the Klondike for a very
small sum. 1t confined its purchases
I only TO the richest Of the gold bearing
creeks. II was then thought that
dredges could not handle the heavy
I quartz hcwldcrs found among the
gravel, and. at first. stationary ma
chimes, consisting Of ladders with end =
less buckets, were employed to dig
up the earth and get out the gold
/ Later the dredgcs were found 10 work
vel! and after a time was evolved the
+ strong drcdge-type that is now used
here to-day.
The old miners threw away the val
ucs that are now being saved. Their
way of testing the gold In a pan was
10y guess, and that after the earth
had been washed off One day Mr.
Thomas showed an old miner q pan
which he had just finished washing.
and asked him what he thought II
a
grains Of gold dust and quite a little
Hour gold. The miner tilted the pan
50 that the grains ran 10 one side and
then took his thumb and scrapcd out
/ the -four and threw II away The
+ stuff he threw out was jus; what Nh
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-07-23

ts beddcd in tho ice. and the ice, sand
and earth remain as hard as Stone,
no matter how hot the summer. Tho
conglomeratc or frozen mixture is COW
cred by a thin bod Of muck. on the top
OF which grows a layer of Arctic moss.
tho two forming an insulator that
preserves the frozen conditions boz
meath. It is only when tho moss and
muck arc stripped of that the hot
summer sun makes any impression on
the glacial ice cap below.
GOLD SrI,IN1<LI2D IN
ICE, EARTH AND ROCK
1t is eprinkled through this ice
earth and rock that the gold values
lie. There IS little not far from tho
surface. but the most OF tho gold is
at bedrock, which may be thirty, forty
or fifty feet down. Tho frozen earth
has To he thawed out, inch by inch
aud foot by foot. i'll such 4 way that II
can be swallowed by the dredges that
culp IT. down n the rate of twenty
six bites TO the minute and about one
third OF a ton to tho bite. They take
up the stun In great buckets. which
run on an endless chain and throw II
into revolving screens These screens
roll the rocks over and over and Sift
out the collaborating sand. They take
away tho pebbles and great boulers
and turn the sand out upon plates COW
cred with mercury. which catches the
gold The drcdGcs will handle some
thing like 100000 tons Of material
this year, and the amount OF gold
saved will be several millions of dol
lars.
Before any such work can be done,
Jack Frost must he taken out OF the
ground TO be mined. The drcdScs
cannot work in frozen rock, and the
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-07-23
.CAL0MEL SELDOM
SOLD HERE NOW
Nasty drug saliyates, makes
you sick and you lose
days work.

Every druggist In town--your drug
Sist and everybody's druggist has no
ticed II great falling off in the sale OF
calomcl. They all give the Same rea-
son. Dodson's Liver Tone is taking Its
place.
"Calomel is dangerous and peopl.
know II. while Dodson's Liver Tone ia
perfectly safe and gives better results
said "a prominent local druggist. bod.
sons Liver Tone Is personally guaran-
tced by esery druggist who sells 1t.
large bottle costs 90 cents. and IL IL
fails to give easy relief in every case
OF liver sluggishness and constipation.
you have only 10 ask for your money
back
Dodsons Liver Tone is pleasant
tasting. purely vegetable remedy.
harmless TO both children and adults.
Take spoonful at night and wake I'm
feeling fine: no biliousness. sick head
ache. acid stomach or constipatcd bow.
els 1t doesn't grippe or cause incon.
venicnce all the next day like violent
calomel. Take a dose OF calomcI to-
day and TO morrow you will feel weak.
sick and ntuseated. Don't lose a day's
work! Take Dodsons Liver Tone in
stead and fsel fine. full OF vigor and
on.-Advertiscmcnt.
--Ad.crtiseinent
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-07-23

difficulties Of the ice strata are far
greater for them than they were for
tho individual miners. In the first
mining OF the Elondil<c the perpetual
Ice really aided the men hy saving
the trouble OF ;imbcrinS They could
dig down through II To where the
great gold rockets lay. and then drift;
off along the bed rock. thawing only
the strata that contained the most of
the gold The frozen earth was as
so much solid rock, and they were able
to work without the wooden supports
necessary 10 hold up the roofs OF the
mines OF other parts of the world.
The drcdees have TO have al the
earth fro from frost. The region they
woril must DC thawed down TO forty
or nrty frct from the surface, and that
in great blocks as big as a house. be-
iuro the excavation can even begin.
The methods OF thawing the earth
have been reduced to "a science. The
nrst miners used wood fires, which
they kept burning until they had thaw-
eli q shaft down 10 tho gold. Other fires
were then built along the bed rock
and the Garth taken out until they had
made great cavcrns and tunnels far
down under the thirty or forty feet Of
leo overhead. They used hot stones
10 aid in the thawiur and took ont
The melted material I'm whcelbarrows
and carried it In buckets to the sur
face by winGlasses like an old-iashion-
ed we'll sweep.
The th1winG OF to-day is done by
steam generated in great boilers on the
top of tho ground. The steam is car
ried through pipes To where needed
and forced into the earth through steel
tubes three-fourths of an inch in diam
cicr, ana from ten to thirty feet long.
These tubes are really galvanized iron
pipe about as big around as my thumb.
ana stood upon end, the longest would
reach TO the roof OF three or four
story house. Each tube has a hard
metal can or steel head on the top, and
below this an opening where the CON
nsction with The main steam pipe is
made. The bottom Of the tube is point
"a and the steel There Is 50 strong THAT
tn" tube can be driven down into the
earth