Hot Springs weekly star. (Hot Springs, S.D.) 1892-1917, 1916-04-28

would take every possible precaution.
and to safeguard the lives Of noncom
batants.
What has actually happened in the
year which has since elapsed has
shown that those hopes we're not justi-
fed, those assurances insusceptible of
being fulfilled. In pursuance Of the
policy of submarine warfare against
the commerce of its adversaries, thus
announced and entered upon by the
imperial German government In
despite of the solemn protest of this
government. the commanders of Ger
man undersea vessels have attacked
merchant ships with greater and great.
er activity, not only upon the high
seas surrounding Great Britain and
Ireland. but wherever they encounter
them, in a way that has grown more
and more ruthless, more and more
indiscriminate as the months have
gone BY less and less observant of re-
straints of any kind; and have deliv-
cred their attacks without compunc-
and bound upon every sort of er-
rand. Vessels of neutral ownership.
even vessels of neutral ownership
bound from neutral port to neutral
port. have been destroyed along with
vessels of belligerent ownership, In
constantly increasing numbers. Some
times the merchantmen attacked has
been warned and summoned to sur
render before being fired on or tor
pedoed; sometimes passengers or
crews have been vouchsafed the poor
security of being allowed to take to
the ships boats before she was sent
to the bottom. But again and again
no warning has been given, no escape
even to the ships boats allowed to
those on board. What this government
foresaw must happen has happened.
Tragedy has followed tragedy on the
seas in such fashion. with such at
tendant circumstances, as to make 1t
grossly evident that warfare of such a
sort. If warfare 1t be. cannot be car
ried on without the most palpable
violation of the dictates alike of right
and of humanity. Whatever the dispo-
sition and intention of the imperial
German government, it has manifestly
proved impossible for it to keep such
methods of attack upon the commerce
of its enemies within bounds set by
either the reason or the heart OF man
kind
As to Armed Merchantmen.
I'm February of the present year the
imperial German government informed
this government and the other neutral
governments of the world that it had
reason to believe that the government
of Great Britain had armed all mer
chant vessels of British ownership and
had given them secret orders to attack
any submarine of the enemy they
| might encounter upon the seas. and
that the imperial German government
| felt justified in the circumstances in
/! treating all armed merchantmen Of
belligerent ownership as auxiliary ves-
sells of war, which it would have the
right to destroy without warning.
The law of nations has long rec
ognized the right of merchantmen to
carry arms for protection and to use
them to repcl attack, though to use
thern, in such circumstances, at their
cwn risks; but the imperial German
government claimed the right to set
these understandings aside in circum.
| stances which it deemed extraordi-
nary. Even the terms in which it an
nounced it's purpose thus still furth-
| er to relax the restraints it had pre-.
viously professed its willingness and
desire to put upon the operations of it's
submarines carried the plain impli-
cation that at least vessels which
were not armed would still be exempt
from. destruction without warning and
that personal safety would be accord
ed their passengers and crews; but
even that limitation, if it was ever
practicable to observe it, has in fact
| constituted no check at all upon the
destruction of ships Of every sort
Again and again the imperial Ger.
man government has given this gov
ernment' its solemn assurances that at
least passenger Ships would not be
thus dealt with, and yet it has again
and again permitted its undersea COM
manders to disregard these assur-
ances with entire impunity. Great
liners like the Lusitania and the Ar
abic and mere ferry boats like the
Sussex have been attacked without
a moments warning, sometimes be.
| fore they had even become aware that
they we're in the presence of an armed
vessel cf the enemy, and the lives Of
noncombatants. passengers and crew.
have been sacrificed Wholesale, in a
manner which the government Of the
! United States cannot regard as
wanton and without the slightest col.
or of justification. No limit OF any
kind has in fact been set to the indis-
criminate pursuit and destruction of
merchantmen of all kinds and nation
alities within the waters. constantly
extending In area. where these oper.
| ations have been carried on, and the
roll of Americans who have lost their
lives on ships thus attacked and de-