davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-04-02

Walcott gave Miss Wieser full credit
for her work by placing her name on
the title page as illustra frn, th aaoo
logical Magazine of England. which, in
it's extended review of the work, gave
the artist credit in the following
words:
Considering the nature of the re-
mains, and the magnification so fire.
uuently required. the excellent plates
are deserving of special commentator.
Dr., Waicott says: The drawings have
been prepared mainly by Miss Frances
Wieser of the United States geological
survey. The plates are the evidence OF
her faithful work They are; it is not
ONLY good work, but magnificent
task There are more than hundred
plates, and the number of separate fig
ures must run into several thousands.
figures full of fine detail all very care
fully executed Nothing more beauti
fun has been placed before the student
of Cambrian Brachiopoda; perhaps if
we said of any Brachiopoda it would
not be incorrect. We can congratulate
magnificent task most worthily exc
cuted. 1t is another monument to his
great abilities"
In recognition of her careful and
artistic work, so valuable an adjunct
to the work of the investigator. one
scientist has named some of his new
specimens in honor of the woman who
has presented their beauties to the
world. They are early specimens of
Bryozoa of the Balkan provinces. and
they now answer to the euphonious
title of Sceptropora Francisco. Two
other government officials have COM
memorated her name in the very
microscopic form. Cythere Francisco.
Miss Wieser's work has also covered
the illustration of fossil plants which
have been found among the strata of
this and other countries. She has mag
nified some of these specimens. many
of them invisible to the eye. to many
times their own size. bringing out
their beauties in full detail. OF her
work in this direction. one of the sci
entists remarked that she was one of
the best fossil plant artists in the serv-
ice, bringing out of the rocky matriN
that which it was desirable to empha-
size.
Miss Wieser has also the ability of
combining the artistic quality with the
technically correct. he said. She
knows Just how far one may be sub
jected to the other. so that her Illus
trations are usually. artistic products
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-04-02

the bow and the stern, and from them
the castings for the stem and the stern
are made. Templates are also made
for the frames, and the aim is to have
them, or some of them. ready for the
first deliveries of the angle iron and
plates. In building large battleShip
the moldroom force consists of about
forty men. and their work, accurately
done, greatly facilitates the whole oper-
alton.
When ready, the templates and the
steel angles are taken to convenient
ship-fitting room, where the frames are
built to correspond with the templates
in every detail The angles are made
the right shape on bending slab.
which is simply steel floor with rows
of holes, like a cribbage board, into
which iron pegs, called dogs. can be
placed where wanted.
The angle irons. after being brought
to white heat, are bent by means of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-04-02

power, is to commander or take over
the private yards. That would save
time. but greatly increase the cost.
But in the ordinary course of events,
as soon as the contract is signed by the
Secretary of the Navy. the builder be
gins by putting his yard in order for
the specific work. making contracts
for material. securing the necessary
labor and adding any especial machln-
cry required for the operation.
The builders first contracts are with
the great steel plants for plates and
shapes and angles and other bars of
steel of which the hull is to he built.
Here is source of considerable delay,
for deliveries must be made in order,
convenient to the builder, and, except
in times of great stress. the govern
ment, which has not Il preferential call
upon the capacity of the mills. must
await its turn. If there is a great de-
mand upon the mills, such as now
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-04-02
THE SB1p IsPLAHD IN coldM1s
SION; HER CREW AT QUARTERS,
AND OFFICERS AT SALUTE AS
1I coLoRs A1RHAULED Up

question why the period from authori-
cation to commission consumes many
months.
The Navy Department usually has a
quite clear idea of the design of the
vessel it recommends to Congress. and
if Congress authorizes ships of that
type the naval constructors promptly
submit Sketches to the general board
of the navy, and on its recommended
ton the Secretary determines which
plan shall be adopted. The naval de-
specifications: models tried out in the
test tank prove the lines. and calcula-
tons are made of weights and dis
placement. This usually takes about
eight months, and then builders are in
vited to submit proposals for the con-
struction.
The builder requires at least a month
and must expend from $4,000 to s75.-
900 in order to prepare his bids intel
lgently. The designers and craftsmen
make the heating. electrical and sani-
tary layout. and they must plan to put
the maximum amount of power and
accomm odation into the minimum of
space.
They obtain tentative bids for mate
rails. boilers and engines. and must
make approximations of the cost of
la bor and their chances of securing a
sufficient supply of skilled artisans to
complete the vessel within the contract
time. They must also consider the rates
of money and how much of their capt.
tai will be involved in the operation.
While the bidding is competitive, the
award is not made necessarily to the
lowest bidder, but TO the one who
promises the best result for the navy
under the most favorable conditions.
From the date Of authorization to the
awarding of the contract varies from
six 20 fourteen months In event OF
OH 1.,Y M
tine may be saved by adopting the
most satisfactory set of plans which
the department has. and inducing the
builders to build the new ships under
guarantees from the department that
they vii! be properly paid. A shorter
way, well within the governments
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-04-02
Wars Amenities.

~ OIL. E. NJ. HOUSE was talking about
~ Europe in war time.
They're telling wartime story in
London now" he said. Its a story
about an individual in fashy dress. who
stood on a crowded corner in the
Strand for such long time that a
policeman finally got suspicious.
"'Wot are you waitin' around ere
for? he asked
"'Waitin' for a bus the man replied.
with dignity.
"'Garn! said the policeman. More'n
twenty buses as gone by since you've
been waitin' ere
~ know said the man, with a wink.
but not the one with the pretty con-
ductor on, me boy"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-04-02
lis a Hundred Million Years Old the Government

s we'll being strictly accurate
Miss Wiesers interest in the science
in which she is valuable aid does not
stop at the door of her studio. Through
her art work she has developed keen
interest in the study of geology and
paleontology. She reads much and
studies exhibited specimens at every
opportunity. finding recreation in the
exercise. Il never weary. she says.
of reading again and again the SER
mons which. verify. the stones have to
give u.s.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-04-02

IA ISIS FRANCES WIESER Paeontologic Craftsman in
~ the United States Geological Survey IS Doing Unique Work.
Much Her Drawing Done Under Microscope Accuracy IS
Essenia!-Her Work With Dr. Observation-Disclosures of the Sti-
entists in Pictured Fom-Specmens for Museums.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-04-02

The angles and plates are assembled
and riveted together into the great
frames ready for the travelling crane
to come along and carry them to the
proper place on the ships body. Some
and fifty feet deep. When all the
frames are in position on the keel the
outline of the hull is distinguishable
The bulkheads, which divide the ship
into various watertight compartments,
are built up in the same manner, and
the plates tnot armor) for the bottoms
and sides are also cut after templates
made in the molding room, each being
cut to fit its particular place.
The number of ships which. can be
built in yard is limited by the num-
Der of ways" it can accommodate
They consist of rows of heavy wooden
beams laid from near the waters edge
to a point distant the length of the
ship. These beams are called cross
Gaping because they are placed across
the line of the proposed keel; they rest
upon a very firm foundation usually
made by sinking spiles to bedrock.
Along the center line is placed a row
of carefully adjusted stocks on which
to place the plates which. when riveted
together. will form the keel.
From the time the contract is award
ed up to the laying of the keel is or
dinarily about four months. AS the
templates are not preserved. the work
in the molding room would have to be
repeated.
The keel plates having been riveted
together to form the long keel. the
frames are brought from the ship MT
ting rooms and bolted about four feet
apart across the keel ready for the rlv-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-04-02
The HULL, IS NEAREY Corr
PLBTED, Ibis Is LAUNcHlNoDKY

this country The construction is
lighter, but a model with lines for
speed would have to be found and test
ed, the engine room space would have
TO DE great and the problem for the
designers of the engines would be
very complex.
TT takes some days to put up a
shack months to build house and
years to erect a mammoth skyscraper.
and the skiff. the destroyer and the
dreadnaught bear to one another about
the same ratio as the buildings.
I'm ship like the Pennsylvania
about $4,000 tons of crude steel have
to be converted into angles and plates
or other forms and fashioned into keel,
frames, beams, sideplates, bulkheads,
turrets and magazines. In this work
over three million bolts must be driven
and riveted: miles of electric wiring
and miles of piping must be emplaced.
About the same system of ventilating.
heating and lighting as that required
for a thirty-story skyscraper must be
installed-only every inch OF space
must be economical.
THE best answer / know to hostile
comments on the long time required to
build dreadnaught is found in the
story of how one is built, always re-
membering that in case &C need the
time can be shortened by adopting the
best available plans that We have.
lessening the strictness of inspection
and dsregardng the question of ex-
pense"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-04-02

IT seems a simple enough thing to
build battleship when one has plans
and specifications covering all the de-
tails All one has to do is to lay down
4 great keel something over six hum
bred feet long; erect a stem at one
end and a sternport at the other. set
up across the keel cross frames Gin
wooden ships called RIBS bent to cor
respond with the proposed model; con-
struct transverse bulkheads. put ono
set of plating over the outside of the
frames and another on the inside; in
sert deck beams at the proper places.
and hang the rudder. then the hull
will be nearly complete.
To finish. one needs only to add about
FIVE thousand tons of defensive armor,
barbettes and turrets: install boilers
and engines. ventilating. heating and
drainage systems: an electric plant for
lighting and other purposes: provide
eating. sleeping and living quarters for
Il thousa nd or so men: and to furnish
several thousand miscellaneous minor
things. Meantime. without trouble to
the builder. the Navy Department has
been preparing guns. torpedoes. projec-
tiles. munitions. stores and gear to put
aboard before the ship goes into COM
mission.
To the experienced builder this is
really not SO complicated as il seems !:
for he knows how to tackle each one
of the several propositions; where and
how to secure the required materials,
and to what subcontractors to go for
the parts which he must furnish from
outside his own yard. But some time
after Congress acts must elapse before
he is ready to begin constructive work
Battleships. or the big fellows which
are expected to smas h down all oppo-
sition and to resist all attacks and
battle cruisers take the longest time to
build. and the detailed story of how
one is constructed is the answer to the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-04-02
es ::;::: i: 80 :: !:
- Chief Naval Constructor D.

W. Taylor L. s. " 1T now takes about
three years to build one, but this pc
Rod may be shortened by adopting
standard plans. making the inspection
less eNacting and disregarding the ex-
pense of rushing contracts for ma
terial and the cost of skilled labor for
extra shifts of workmen.
The adoption of standard plans has
of the new navy and has not proved
satisfactory. Such a system is attract
I've. 1t would give a fleet of homoge-
neous vessels. and Congress would
know each year exactly what was
meant by battleships; the yards would
adjust resources to their production,
and there would be no delaE in pre-
pairing new plans or on the part of the
builders in ma king their bids.
The difficulty encountered is that
there would be no progress in ship de-
signing. which would be all right for
us If happened TO adopt the best
type and other nations would agree
rot to improve upon il. Since they are
always adding something-size. speed.
better armor or heavier guns-we have
TO meet and. if possible. excel their
latest types. As an instance of that de-
velopment. ii is estimated that the new
Pennsylvania could successfully engage
ten ships of the Oregon class.
TO take advantage OF all improve
mcnts and developments in marine
architecture il is necessary. then to
prepare new plans and Specifications
for each new class % ships added to
the navy
This is especially true a; the present
time. when submarine warfare and i'm
proved mines have shown the need of
added defense 2aInst torpedo attack.
The battle cruiser would also re-
cUire 4 long time for construct ion.
since il is a type neve: attnnl pied in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-04-02

men. To the uninitiated eye this accu-
mutation of foreign material would
seem to be part of the specimen, and
would appear in the picture if made by
one less skilled. 1t takes the greatest
skill and care to eliminate all such
blemishes, and Miss Wieser's expert
knowledge makes her work absolutely
reliable.
Another difficult thing in the illus
tration of fossils is the restoration of
parts which are missing. For example.
in the extinct triboliteS, which are the
far-distant ancestors of the modern
crabs and Holsters, entire specimens
are seldom found, and it is only by re-
assembling all the parts of individuals
as they occur in fragments in the rock
that a drawing showing the animal as
it existed in nature can be secured.
I'm her work in the survey for many
years when she ch has llluStraaea ct the
formerly director of the United States
geological survey. now secretary of the
Smithsonian Institution. Miss WleserS
studies have been of the most ancient
fossil forms known, and they have re-
quired the utmost skill in proper il
lustra alton. because the specimens have
the great changes which the rocks
have undergone since that time.
Most of her work. especially of
late. has been upon fossils of Cambrian
forms. which include the oldest known
shells in the world The word Cambri-
an is the geologic name for this very
ancient formation because the rocks
were first studied in Wales. The re-
searches of Dr. Walcott have shown
them to exist in many parts of the
North American continent and to con-
tain abundant animal life now pre-
served in stone. Miss Wieser was
found to be adapted to drawing the
structure of these very obscure forms
and this led to her selection by DR..
Walcott to illustrate his several large
monographs upon them. The result of
Dr. Walcott's studies. with Miss Wies-
er's illustrations, is that the North
American continent is now better
known for it's Cambrian strata and
fossils than is the type area itself in
Wales"
Miss Wieser is justly proud of her
share in DIR. Walcott's great work on
Camhrian Brachiopoda, known as Mon
ograph 81, in the publications of the
geological survey. This great volume
contains several thousand drawings" by
this artist. many of them reconstructed
by her skill from the broken parts to
the perfectly whole specimens. DR..
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-04-02
The GUNS AhE PUT IN PLACE.
AND The TuR1ETS ARE THEM
CQFfPIETED

hand bars. although some plants are
using hydraulic or other power. around
these dogs until they correspond ex-
actly with the templates. The plates
for the frames are cut into shape by
great shears. following the template
with almost the same ease that tailor
cuts cloth for a pair of trousers after
a paper pattern.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-04-02

Adding Battleships to
Our Navy IS a Task
of Magnitude About
Three Years Is Required
After Act of Congress
Authorizing New YES
sci to Construct 1t.
The Building of the
Ship Is Under lnspec-
ton of Naval Officers
and Uncle Sam Must
Approve Each Step.
Various Stages of the
Work.
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1916-03-03

oROOAA RAAONo IA loA1OG udlS
that are sure to attract bargain
seekers. Lott, Milliner.
Rooms for rent-Apply to
Mrs. N. Arnett, over the harness
shop.
T. B. Bomboy was a business
caller at Browning the first part
of the present week.
Jerry Flynn was a visitor at
Great Falls the first days of
this week.
Rev. Father Greven is spend
ing the week with Rev. Father
Van at Waller. l
S. L. Potter and R. L. Taft
were Great Falls visitors Friday
and Saturday.
j. B. VALENTINE, manager of
the Libby yard at Ethridge, was
a Cut Bank visitor Saturday.
The condition of Mrs. Peter
Rasmussen, who has been quite
i'll for some time, has not i'm
proved.
ChaS. Bailey, one of the ag-
gressive ranchers of Long Lake
Basin, was shopping in Cut
Bank yesterday.
M. H. Worden was a business
visitor at Helena the first days
of the week and purchased a
large consignment of spring
machinery for the Red Shed.
Frank Wand emark went down
to Great Falls early this week
on a business GRAND.
Those who wish to vote at
the city election, April 8, must
register today. C. N. Thomas,
Bruce R. McNamer and F. E.
Wand remark are the registrars.
Mrs. j. A. Colburn, teacher in
! the Bonnet district, and Miss
! Ethel j. Nicely, teacher in the
Meadowbrook district, attended
teachers exams at Conrad this
. week. Both were granted GER
tificates.
Mr.. and Mrs. C. c. Dewing
went t. Great Falls late last
week AM on Monday of this
week Mrs. Dewing underwent
: an operation at a hospital in
that city. Her condition is re-
d ported as satisfactory.
: James Davidson was in from
Pleasant Valley last Saturday
to attend the Equity meeting.
Jim is enthusiastic over the
farming prospects In his neigh
borhood for the present season.
L Mr.. and Mrs. A. j. Whitehead
and Miss Lois Maltby entertain
ed a small company at cards.
last Thursday evening. at the
! Whitehead home. Miss Lauver
! and Mr.. Brakeman received head
prizes.
In federal court at Great
Falls last week the grand jury
! failed to indict Ben Schaum-
berg of Cut Bank. charged with
furnishing liquor to Indians, the
reason being that the evidence
o was insufficient.
Report comes to Cut Bank
: that a big municipal fight is
pending at Conrad at the COM
ing election. The fight will
2 center around the issue of the
elimination of the restricted
+ district.
The soaring prices for all the
materials that enter into the
manufacture of an automobile
means that there will be either
/. a shortage or an advance in
prices before the end of the
year, is the information given
2 o,+ -, -L x
Cut Bank pioneer press. [volume] (Cut Bank, Mont.) 1909-current, 1916-03-03

Meet me this evening atBob' s
Smoke house.
Delbert Brakeman spent the
first days of the week at Great
Falls.
The Presbyterian Ladies Aid
will meet with Mrs. M. j. Hal
vorson on March 9th.
Landlord Hagerty of Brown
ing was in Cut Bank Tuesday
afternoon.
On Saturday, March 4 the
ladies of the w. c.. T. U. will
hold a food sale at Halvorsons'
store.
A tennis club has been form
ed at Whitefish. Doesn't that
sound ~"Summery2" What's the
matter with Taft and Van?
R. c. Rasmussen is over in
Spokane this week, making
spring purchases for the Teton
store.
Harry Wilkins, Jr., and Chas.
Townsend are back from Fargo
and are the possessors of sheep
skins for proficiency as gas
tractor mechanics.
Will give two crops on GAO
acres of land Sec. 26, T "a, r o.
in exchange for the breaking of
same. Address VIM. Henry,
Somers, Mont. If
E. E. Small arrived from Co.
lumbia Falls this week and is
preparing to take up his resi-
dence on his ranch north of
Headlight. Mrs. Small will ar
rive next week.
Mrs. Ed. Buckner of Ethridge
is spending the week week with
Mrs. Lott. Mrs. Buckner spent
the winter at her old home in
Illinois.
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1916-05-19
IMPORTANCE OF PURE WATER
That Flowing Through Muddy Ditch Is
Not Suited to Dairy CoW-Fur-
nish Ample Supply.

A large amount Of water is needed
by the average dairy COW for the up
keep of bodily functions. In addition
to this, much more is needed in the
production of milk, as the latter con-
tains 81 per cent Of water. Practical
dairymen have found that it is good
policy to provide the COW with plenty
of good, clean water. That flowing
through muddy ditch is not suited
for a dairy cow.
1t is also important that the water
be Of mild temperature, especially in
cold weather. Ice water taken into the
stomach of the cow causes shock to
the system that Is not conducive to
high milk production. The tempering
of this cold water in the cow uses some
of the energy that might be applied to
other purposes. In the winter, freshly
pumped water is muchSetter than the
cold water in the tank. Tank heaters
aid IN overcoming this trouble. COW
will drink a much larger quantity OF
warm water in the winter time than OF
ice water.
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1916-05-19

any more fish cartridges into this here
reservation; not no more, whatsoever
Who says so? Well, If anybody should
ask, you might say 1t was Tig Smith
foreman o. the Tri'-Circ' outfit. No,
amt no game warden, but what / say
goes as she lays. Savez?"
Brouillard walked his companion
down to the car and helped her to 8
seat in the tonneal She repaid him
with a nod and a smile, and when he
saw that the crudities were not
troubling her he stepped aside and un
consciously fell to comparing the two
the girl on horseback and his walk
ing mate of the canyon passage.
They had little enough in common
apart from their descent from Eve. he
decided-and the decision itself wal
subconscious. The millionaire's daugh
ter was warm blonde, beautiful
queenly, finished product of civiliza
ton and high-priced culture; a won
an of the world. And the girl on horse
back? A rather slight figure, face
winsome, masses Of copper-brown hair
eyes =. He caught himself won
dering il her cowboy lover-he had
already jumped to the sentimental
conclusion-had ever been able to lool
into those steadfast eyes and triflt
with the truth.
When the fish-slaughtering matter
was finally settled-nol by the tender
of money that Mr. Cartwright had
made--the man Smith and his pretty
riding mate galloped through the ford
and disappeared among the barren
hills.
EAU revoir, Mr. Brouillard.' said the
princess, as the big car righted Itself
for the southwark flight into the des
ert. "If were you shouldn't fall in
love with the calm.eyed goddess who
rides like man. Mr.. Tri'-Circ' Smith
might object, you know"
There was something almost heart
warming in the bit of parting badi
mage; but the warmth might have
given place to a disconcerting chill II
he could have heard Mr.. j. Wesley
Cortwright's remark to his seat com
panion.
'He isn't going to be the dead easy
mark hoped to find in the son of the
old bankrupt hair-splitter, Genie. girl
But he'll come down and hook himsel,
all right IL the bait is we'll covered
with his particular brand OF sugar
Don't you forget It,"