davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1916-01-07
Gasoline Cost Rise Due
7oSuppIyand Demand
Declares Dr.. Rittman
By JUDsoN c. wELLIVER.

Quite the cearest and convincing thus far made
Of the sudden advance in price gasoene
today by Dr. Walter Ran chemical engineer
Mines and Mining. a'.->.. r
breaking process for greatly increasing the proportion of gasoene
extracted from petroleum. that is now being installed important
reHneries in the country and destined very general utilization
student of the engineering the chemistry and the field
experience of the business he particularly equipped explain
ditions in the business. tA 5st5f
QUESTION OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1916-01-07
Amusements.

National-''Kick In" Sis D. m,
Belasco-"omar, the Tentmaker." $50 o. m.
Poli's-"AlOnE Came Ruth 2:15 and SIS
d. m,
Notwithstanding. 2:15 and Sis D. m.
Casino-"A Bachelors Honeymoon, S:l5 D.
m.
Gayety-Burlesque, 2:l5 and S:15 D. m.
Loew's COlumbia-Photoplays. IO:3U r. m.
to IL D. m
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1916-09-02

ment, bis costumes, manners and
modes Of lIfc bis palaces. HOUSES.
novels or huts his MEANS Vt trans
portatlon aud methods Of war fare.
his religion his politics aud his
pleasures. one does not 0f necessity
have to be- a imam mlluor' also 10
take a huge amount Of interest I'm
what his fellow man wcars and how
and why be wears a. Some sage Mis-
remarked CLOTHES mike the Man:
while ] cannot subs ribe to this scnti-
ment in toto having seen nr4e
number of Men with capital "Nl
ia many parts Of the world wha wore
strangers to ans form of slnornl
adornmcnt whatsoeYer must sly
that what q mnu wears ON his hcad.
body orfect and how hewrlr- #. outs
very important figure bthe photos
raphcr and to those far vhom he Is
taking the pictures So naturally. 70
has become fad of mnc To- pick up
mnslal hats and characteristic types
of native garh Whie Collecting the
material Ter the rrarcloeucs aud the
Paramount Burton Holmes Travel
Pictures,
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1916-09-02

LEADER WANTS HmNa RESULTS
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1916-09-02

faffaf ftaH lfa1
a''lee Price 35o Tor ~ 90
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1916-09-02

aeaH nel.sera &c mo
Williams news., 1916-08-24
Russia's Natural Roads.

Russia is almost roadless land. n is inconceivable to the foreign visitor who has never left the beaten track o3 the railways in Russia haw a great em- pire can have subsisted so long and So successfully without even pretense al roads. The secret lies in the fact that for five or six months in the year na- ture herself provides roads over the greater part of, Russia admirable. smooth glossy roadways over hard worn snow.
 The traffic is further cheapened over these roads by the subsutution of sledge-runner for the wheel and axle. This brings the cost of land carriage as near the cheapness of water-borne freight as possible and it is the princi- pal reason why Russia in the twentieth century is stir roadless land.
Williams news., 1916-08-24
ROAD
 BUILDING
FOR ROAD WORK
After One Passage Over Poorly Built Roadway Surface Is in Condition
 for Use.

There has been put to work on the roads in the vicinity of Philadelphia, a new and interesting piece of road making machinery, which is attracting attention because it performs several operations at once. After one passage over a pOorly-built or worn-out piece of roadway, the surface has been planed, scarified, rolled and left in good condition for use. The "once- over" is all that is necessary at the time. If a roadway is treated by this machine two or three times at inter- vals during the early part of the sea- son it is in Reasonably good shape for months of service.
 The machine, necessarily heavy, weighs about 1S,0O0 pounds. It is drawn by a traction engine of from 9 to 40 horsepower, according to the character of the work to be per formed. There are two low-hanging
Williams news., 1916-08-24
How mG Cultivate Mushrooms

present time it is not recommended to take the buttons; yet If there is a fancy trade for these 1t should be met. Little or no gain of weight occurs in the mushroom, however, after the veil begins to break, so that the mush- rooms should not be left after this time. Flat tops are a third-grade ar- ticle, but these, as well as all defec- tive mushrooms, should be sedulously removed from the bed every day.
 In picking, grasp the mushroom by the cap Ca large one by both cap and stem), twisting 1t to remove it easily from the soil. Where the mushrooms come up in large united clusters, 1t will be best to cut them. in order not to disturb the mycelial connections of all. Some good growers practice "cut- ting" throughout, but the stubs must decay and are a source of danger. After all good mushrooms from a clus- ter have been taken. remove any fleshy
Williams news., 1916-08-24
Some folks say there no science in growing the savoy fungus Others say there is. and prove it by their
 success in the industry Perhaps you could have good luck

room production in such structures may be greatly extended.
 Cellars are very commonly used in producing mushrooms for family use. Natural or artificial caves are of the first importance, however, for com mercial work, since the situation of these below the surface will best in sure temperature throughout almost the entire year more or less close to that which is desired.
 In the growing of mushrooms for commercial purposes, the beds should be constructed of stable manure which has been fermented or cOmposted. Many experiments have been made looking toward the substitution of other compoStS or waste products for stable manure, but nothing has yet been found which may be more highly recommended. Fresh manure should be obtained, and this should include the litter used for bedding the ani- mals, unless the latter consists of coarse weeds. It is a great mistake, in commercial way, to attempt to use manure free from straw. Again, stable manure which has been well trampled is nearly always well pre- served, and is frequently much richer than any other kind.
 The manure should be piled in heaps about three feet deep when well pressed down with the fork, and these piles may be of considerable extent. It should be watered until well moist ened throughout, but not drenched. In the course of four or five days or a week it will be necessary to fork over or turn" the manure. A second turn ing will be required usually in from | seven to ten days, and it may be neces- sary to water again if the material has suffered considerable drying out. If | well pressed down and merely moist, the manure will not burn, and, more over, there will be no tendency for a sour fermentation to become estab- lfshed. In from 15 to 21 days, depending upon the conditions, the
Williams news., 1916-08-24


 spawn masses adhering and add fresh loam.
 As they are picked, the mushrooms are put into shallow baskets and taken to sorting and packing table. The stems are cut off and any adhering loam is brushed from the cap. It Is true that mushrooms keep somewhat better if the stub is left attached and the loam removed by rubbing, but ex- cept in special cases this procedure is not to be recommended. It is not nec- essary to cut the stem off short, but the market demands that there shall be few long shanks.
 For the best trade it is desirable to "sort" the mushrooms, placing only those of nearly the same size in the same packages. It is certainly not well to pack together 'broilers" and buttons. if this can be avoided. De-
Williams news., 1916-08-24
HEAD HUNTERS GETTING BUSY
Natives of Solomon Island Take Ad- vantage of War to Gather
 Tropics.

At first sight there does not seem to be a very close connection between the war in Europe and head hunting in the Solomon islands. Nevertheless, the one arises from the other.
 Previous to the outbreak of the war, according to a Vancouver World S Sydney (N. S. W.) correspondent, Brit ish. and occasionally German war ships patrolled the islands and en- deavored to keep down cannibalism among the natives, who are largely of Papuan or Malaysian stock. How ever, the requirements for the trans port of troops led to the recall of the British warships- the happy head hunter has been free to follow his own devious courses.
 In one raid made by a mountain trible upon a small village near the coast no less than 26 heads were se- cured. No punishment followed be- cause the whites were unable to or garize in time. As consequence the raids are growing more dangerous, and although as yet, no Europeans have been attacked, planters have con- stantly to keep on their guard.
Williams news., 1916-08-24
Imitation Pearls.

Clever imitation perls have been made by filling thin glass bulbs with 8 solution of fish scale nacre. Another method Is to coat the inside of the glass bulbs with 10 per cent gelatin solution which is allowed to become only partially dry before a small amount of sodium. phosphate is added. then the drying process is continued slowly. The limitations look much like genuine pearls, but they can be detect. ed by noting the place where the bulbs have been sealed.
Williams news., 1916-08-24

temperature will begin to fall, the violence of decomposition will begin to show a subsistence, and the compost will be ready for the construction of the beds. The bacteria of rapid decay will become less and less abundant, and finally, when the beds are pre- pared as subsequently, described, the spawn will be able to grow in spite of the bacteria present.
 Mushroom beds are of two general types CD the fiat bed, and CD the ridge bed known as the French type. In making the former the entire floor space may be utilized as a bed, or the beds may be arranged in the form of tiers or shelves. In low cellars or caves and indeed wherever the amount of floor space is not the most impor tant consideration, it would be well to avoid the use of shelves, but where the amount of floor space is an impor- tant factor they may be adopted to advantage, although the additional la bor involved in the growing of a crop under such conditions as an item to be considered. When shelves are used one should be careful to whitewash these after each crop in order to avoid the increased danger from insect dep relations. In any case, fiat beds should be made from 8 to 10 inches deep.
 Ridge beds enable one to get a somewhat greater surface space in a given area. but they are also more ex- pensive so far as the labor of construc- ton is concerned. Nevertheless, they are very desirable.
 When a bed is in full bearing, the mushrooms should be gathered at least
 once in two days. and 1t is well to pick them every day, particularly if
 the temperature is up to 60 degrees Fahrenheit or more. Picking is itself
 an art, and the intelligent grower will
 soon find that the yield of bed may
 be greatly lessened by lack of judg-
 ment in picking. To satisfy the gen. l eral demands of our markets at the
Williams news., 1916-08-24
Pastures.

fective mushrooms should invariably be thrown out. Mushrooms should be treated as first-grade product in ev. cry way, and therefore the package must be made an attractive one. Ship ment should be made in boxes of sizes demanded by the trade. Baskets afford excellent ventilation, yet boxes are sometimes preferred.
 The prices paid for mushrooms ip American markets are unusually varl. able. Perhaps it is fair to say that one should consider from 35 to 5C cents per pound good average price In many cities or towns 30 cents would be as much as could be obtained. On the other hand. a price of 75 cents is frequently paid. The quotation of one dollar or more is not to be expected. It is true that for fine grade of mushrooms such prices are paid to retailers by the fancy trade and dur. ing special seasons or for special occa- sions. The grower may we'll look fol the time, however, when the market demands will support a generous sup ply at a constant but fair price.
 Under favorable circumstances a bed may come into bearing within six weeks. It usually requires, however, a longer period, and eight weeks may more nearly represent the average conditions. If the conditions have been variable, and especially if at times a | very low temperature has prevailed, bearing may be still further delayed. | Again, the period of production or the profitable life" of successful bed may vary greatly, ranging from five weeks to as many months. As a rule a bed which produces fine, neavy mushrooms will bear longer than one which yields plants of lighter weight Many growers think that there is profit in a bed which yields one-half pound per square foot of surface area
 One should not be satisfied with less than this, and if the best conditions prevail this yield Is far below what should be obtained.
Williams news., 1916-08-24

Season Keep 1t in Excellent condi-
 tion.
 blades on either side; as the machine passes along, these scrape of the sur face of the road at the sides, bringing the loose earth to the center. The scarifier cuts off the hummocks in the center of the grade, which is then packed down hard by the action of the roller. A feature of the rollers work is that the crown of the road is as nicely rounded as if done by hand.
 Drainage is essential in road main- tenance, but it is impossible where there is a thick growth of vegetation at the sides of the road. Three trips over the road during the spring and early summer not only place it in good condition, but keep down this vegeta- ton for the entire summer.
 The apparatus will make roadway 30 feet wide or may be adjusted to one-half that width. While it's work is most effective in rejuvenating an old road it may also be used for build ing new roads in connection with an ordinary tractor-blade grader.-Popu- lar Science Monthly.
Williams news., 1916-08-24
Shelf Beds in Warm Cellar.

of temperature and moisture be best regulated. Cold is less injurious to mushroom beds than heat. The for mer renders the bed for time unpro- ductive; but the latter stimulates the spawn to too rapid growth, which Is usually followed by the production of unstable mushrooms, or by the even- tual death of the spawn, supposedly by damping off.
 Mushrooms may often be grown in a very simply constructed shed or un- used barn which will provide against any sudden changes of the tempera- ture, and when it Is possible to employ artificial heat the season for mush-
Williams news., 1916-08-24
Predicts Higher Prices.

With the increase in the price of ma terials more reports circulate that the next change in the price of automo- piles will be upward. The advance in the price of high-speed steels is one of the factors, having gone up from 45 cents a pound to $3; it is also getting harder to obtain, according to manu- facturers. The sales manager of one of the automobile companies predicts that the announcements of next July will shoSy number of increases in the price of standard makes of cars
Williams news., 1916-08-24
LIQUID MANURE IS VALUABLE
Fertilizer Worth About $50 Yearly, Based on Elements Contained
 Usually Total Loss.

A dairy COW weighing 1000 pounds voids about 12 tons of solid and liquid manure in a year, worth on the basis of the elements of fertility contained about $30. The liquid manure is worth 60 per cent of the whole, and is usual ly a total loss.
Williams news., 1916-08-24
ROLLER MADE OF OLD BOILER
Weight of Iron Contrivance Sufficient to Pack Very Loose Soil to Make
 Solid Roadbed.

One of the old-style boilers without an attached firebox, or an upright one, makes fine road roller. In building roads in a southern state, one of these boilers was used. A hole was drilled
Williams news., 1916-08-24
PROFITS IN ROAD DRAGGING
to Market Is Cheap ened and Strain on Horses Re
 duced-AIso Save Time.

Good roads save money, because: They cheapen transportation to the markets.
 They reduce the drain upon capital invested in horses.
 They prevent waste of time, and time is money"
 They add to the joy of living, and joy adds to the effectiveness of life.
Williams news., 1916-08-24

essarily exacted by the photographer, but also they are frankly trying to look their best.
 But whatever we may say of them as individuals, taken altogether they bear witness to a simpler generation than ours. It is curious how often they give an impression of belonging to a lower rank of life than the one they adorned.
Williams news., 1916-08-24

tAeQ been best developed. France MX8l is, properly speaking. the
 home of the present mush-
 room industry. Unusual in- terest has been shown in the United States in the growth of mushrooms within the past few years, and it is to be hoped and expected that within the next ten years the industry will de velop to the fullest limit of the mar ket demands. The latter will, of course, be stimulated and developed by the increasing popular appreciation of this product. In some cities and towns there is already a good market demand for mushrooms, while in oth- CTS they may be sold only directly to special customers. This should be borne in mind by prospective growers.
 Success in mushroom growing de- bends on intelligent study of condi- tions and on experience. While many American growers have been success full in the production of mushrooms, much larger number have failed. In most cases failures have been due to one or more of the following causes:
 CD The use of poor spawn, or of spawn which has been killed by i'm proper storage.
 (2) Spawning at a temperature in- juriously high.
 (3) The use of too much water either at the time of spawning or later.
 t4) Unfavorable temperature dur ing the growing period.
 Mushrooms may be grown in any place where the conditions of tempera- ture and moisture are favorable. A shed, cellar, cave or vacant space in greenhouse may be utilized to ad- vantage for this purpose. The most essential factor, perhaps, is that of temperature. The proper temperature ranges from 53 degrees to 60 degrees Fahrenheit, with the best from 55 de- grees to 5S degrees Fahrenheit. It is unsafe to attempt to grow mushrooms on commercial basis, according to our present knowledge of the subject, at temperature much less than 50 degrees or greater than 63 degrees Fahrenheit. Any severe changes of temperature retard growth or else act injuriously, and many changes of tenn perature would entirely destroy the profits of the mushroom crop. From this it is evident that in many places mushrooms may not be grown as summer crop. With artificial heat they may be grown almost anywhere throughout the winter. Moreover, it is very proba able that in this country epen-air culture must be limited to a few sections, and restricted, commer- eially at least, to single season.
 A second important factor is that of moisture. The place should not be very damp, or constantly dripping with water. Under such conditions successful commercial work is not DOS sible. A place where it is possible to maintain a fairly moist condition of the atmosphere, and having such eapability for ventilation as will cause at least gradual evaporation is, by general practice and by the most e1- tensive experimentation, shown to be necessary. With too rapid ventilation and the consequent necessity of re- peated applications of water to the mushroom bed no mushroom crop will attain the highest perfection.
 Cellars, caves and abandoned mines. or specially constructed houses, are used for growing mushrooms, because in such places only can the conditions
Williams news., 1916-08-24
After the Long Exposure.

What great treasure is a really good collection of old family photo graphs. But why, as we turn over its pages, are we quite sure to laugh? What is there that is ridiculous about the earlier photographs? It is not easy to say. They tell us truthfully a great deal about those who are separated from us by small space of time and an immense expanse of change.
 The sitters are self-conscious. Some oS their self-consciousness was doubt Less due to the long exposure then nee
Williams news., 1916-08-24

through the center of each head, and shaft run through them, the ends being used for hauling it over the roadway by means of a special-built frame and tongue for team of horses. The heft of the boiler was sufficient to pack very loose soil to make a solid road bed.-Popular Mechanics.
Williams news., 1916-08-24

It is not the height some men at- tain that makes them giddy-it is look ing down with contempt on the crowd beneath them.
Williams news., 1916-08-24

Just 1t. "Just you keep away from the bo v of this boat" "Why this stern command?"
Williams news., 1916-08-24

A human being cannot breathe at a height of seven miles from the earth.
Williams news., 1916-08-24

It's a case of loves labor lost un. less 1t gets into the union.
Denver labor bulletin., 1916-07-08
FINEST CLUBS IN HAVANA
OWNED BY THE WORKERS
MEMBERSHIP GAINED AT NOMINAL
COST WITHOUT RESTRICTION.
Three of These Buildings Cost From
100000 to sl,soo,ooo Each, and Con-
tain Every Modern Club Facility.

The finest buildings in Cuba are the
homes of Havana's workin2men's clubs.
There are three of them. the COntro-
Asturiano. with 10000 members; the
Conro- Gallego. 1000 members, and the
Contro-Dependientes, $4,000 members.
Their buildings cost from 100000 to
81 100000 each
These clubs contain virtually every,
thing to be found in clubs in any port of
the world, with many additional fea-
lures. There are sgymnasiums OF the
most modern type, libraries and reading
rooms, elaborate game rooms, billiard
and card rooms, savings banks for the
members, cafes schools, ball rooms hard
ly eclipsed in any of the capitals OF the
world. The clubs also support, at great
expense, outside institutions like hos
pitals and orphan asylums
Membership in these clubs is condi-
toned on accommodation and election,
which is largely form, for rarely is
any applicant refused, and the member
ship fee is only Sl.50 per month.
Every Spaniard who comes to Cuba,
and about 10000 immigrants come each
year, joins one of these three clubs. He
Joins the club of men from his province.
All of them join in wonderful democ-
racy in these club buildings and have
the privileges of every accommodation
for themselves and their families af-
forded in most elaborate and best regu-
lated clubs anywhere.
The school of music in one of these
clubs contains 300 pupils from the fam
lies of members, and the school of an
other one is considered the best in the
city and enrolls 5000. The night schools
for the men are always well filled. Espc.
cial attention is given to the CONNER
cial schools.
There are few more impressive spec
tacles in Cuba than one of the great balls
given by these clubs. Nowhere in the
world are there more luxurious or more
beautifully decorated ball rooms