davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-11-07

large amount OF care and attention re.
quircd for the baby chicks and then OH
to broiler stage. l believe this applies
particularly to the farmers raising
poultry as side line, who as a class
are our biggest producers.
Where large size as roasters Is the
object Light Brahmas lead all breeds.
the standard weights being: Cocks,
twelve pounds: hens. nine and n half
pounds; cockerels. ten pounds, and pull
lets. eight pounds. From birth Light
Brahmas are desirable fowl for
the breeder because of their unusual
strength as compared with many other
breeds, their ability to pick up living
on range and the ease with which they
are handled. this latter due to their
dociity. They are heavy boned and
feather quickly. so that their sturdi-
ness favors their not budding or
crowding and smothering to death
when raised in breeders or after their
foster mothers have left them or been
taken away.
The farm. with its unlimited range
for the growing birds, offers ideal con.
ditions for maturing Light Brahmas.
On free range they are not inclined to
take on flesh rapidly, but they develop
wonderful bone, frame and stamina,
just the things that are most essential
for the fowl that is intended rs n
breeder or early winter rooster for mar.
ket.
II bunch Of birds are to be fattened
for market they can be yarded and
housed at some convenient place where
It is easiest for the feeding and water
Ing. When It comes to yarding them
three foot fence is plenty high. The
scraps from the table mixed with corn
meal and sour milk will put on>fat at n
surprising rate and give these favored
fowls flavor that Is not to be beaten.
No need to go to the trouble Of capon-
klng Light Yrahma. cockerels. for the,.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-11-07
c.u,, Of Ricksts In Pigs.

The chief cause Of ricketts, u lack o.
exercise. Overlooking upon corn u
common contribuiive cause. Corn -
heat and fat former but does not bhiid
up strong bones. Make The hogs iaRe
abundant exercise every day through
out the year. and feed mixed ratioiis.
including 10 per cent Of digester taiik-
age In the Stop. alfalfa hay IN winter
and green rape, clover ana Alfalfa ~
summer. Allow free access to Stacked
lime. wood ashes and wood charcoal,
Allow salt once a week.~~'arm Jour
nal .....-. ...s
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-11-07
The Hens Bath.

The dust bath should be roomy and
constantly renewed. since II may get
full Of lice or vermin. Any good sized
box may serve. 1t should be low
enough for the fowls easily to get
into and roOmy enough for them tn
hutter and dust themselves freely.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-11-07
Wounds on Horses.

An excellent application for SURFACE
wounds and one that agrees Win tue
flesh of horses is mutton iallow. It's
tendency Is to heal when well scented
with carboiic acid or even alone.
Cleanse deep sores daily with warm
water and carbolized soap.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-11-07

Many pOultryman says, .rhere
isn't chicken louise on my place.
when he has never really looked at his
birds carefully enough to know. II
your eyes are poor put on some glasses
that magnify and look again. Then
get busy. Some poultrymen should be
compelled to spend a few nights In
"bnggy" bed.--ifarm and Fireside.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-11-07
BREEDING YOUNG sows.



The earliest time thar young sows
shnuid ,,e bred Ii when they are seven
ar eight months old The proper age
de,..,,ds chiefly upon their develop
ment. says Ray Gatewood. Instructor
In animal husbandry IN the hahsas
State Agricultural college.
II has been found that the continued
practice Of breeding sows when they
are too yonng creates tendency 10
ward small iilters. Breeding TOO early
viii also cause check In the develop
ment OF the SOW.
The period of CESSATION in swine Is
l1o to llG days. which allows the rais'
ing of two filters each year This Is
advocated under ordinary conditions.
but in the raising Of young pigs for tbs
shcw ring one litter year Is better
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-11-07
CARD OF THANKS.

We wish to express our heartfelt
thanks to all the friends, especially
the Sons OF Veterans and the ladies
Of the G. A. r. circle for their kind
ness and flower offerings during the
illness and death OF our beloved
mother and sister, Mrs. Freeman
Doud.
L. r. Fishbeck and family.
Mrs Celia A. ROstrom,
Mrs. Emma heller.
Mrs. 0. G. Labarr.
LII
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-11-07

Hair dressing. manicuring. scalp
treatment. Switches made $1.oO.
Troppman Block. Phone INV.
Nina A. Myers.-Adv. lla1
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-11-07
\ 4 K X X X \ 4 4 4 \
ADDITIONAL LOCALS
L L i L 4 x x x

Mr.. and Mrs Walter Dow OF Iola
autoed to Bemidji yesterday ana at
tended to business matters.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-11-07

Mrs. II. Davidson Of Hines went
to Red Lake yesterday where she Will
make her home this winter.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-11-07

Read the want ads.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-11-07
EOh Rem 7.

FOR RENT-Furnished room with
bath. Gentleman preferred. 917
Mimi Ave 3-119
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-11-07

As an all round heavyweight fowl
for the production OF broIlers,
heavy rOasters and capons the
Brahma is In the front rank. The
Light Brahma has been the most
popular. but tho dark Brahma is
just as good. Both produce n great
amount OF breast meat. having long
breasts and good width between
the thighs. The cock shown Is a
dark Brahma.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-11-07

Mr. and Mrs. A. D. Simpkins OF
Turtle River were the guests OF BE-
midi friends yesterday.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-11-07

Suits of Velour, Broadcloth, Gabar-
dine and Poplin; plum, burgundy,
black, navy, brown and green colors.
Many fur trimmed. Sold formerly
at $50 to $50.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-11-07

Suits Of Rroadcloth. Wool Velour.
Callot checks. serge and gabardines:
vista a, burgundy, black. navy,
brown and green colors; sold for
merly at $40 to 500.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-11-07

Regular meeting Of the Eastern
Star this evening at eight o'clock IN
the Masonic hall.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-11-07

Mr.. and Mrs. r. Rhueford OF Hines
were between train visitors In the
city yesterday.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-26
DRILLING IN SCHOOLS
OPPOSED BY QUAKERS
Would Rather Die. Says one.
Than Defend Himself in
an Invasion.

TrFNroN. y i, MAY Imposition
To- military training IN the public schools
was presented from various sources to-
day =, the nrst public hearing given in
the Senate chamber lbs the JOINT l.cisla-
tiv" committee appointed To- investigate
the subject. The only speaker uuGuali-
tiedly favuriug such training Wa br.
Robert Grii shaw of \cw York Guiver-
sltv, chairman Of the speakers COM
mittcc of tho National security League.
The most determined opposition came
from t." Society OF Friends. represented
hy NJ Albert Linton of NuurestoWn aud
William .. Compartment" of %Iliddon-
field. Both smoke Of tho conscientious
srruples "e .udkers against the taking
~ human lifo. Mr.. cowpe?thwalrs, an
Swerirg 4 question from Major Winfield
:. Price ~ camden Of the legislative
oum,ttee, admitted that in the event of
an invasion he would suffer death rather
than defend himself
Declaring that Friends could not con-
scicn,iously send their children To- schools
IN which military training is taught
Mr.. Cowperthwaitc urged tho committee
to give careful consideration to this
phase of the question.
81 d. not want boys brought ur with
instructions to hill cach other SAID Mr..
t,wperttwaito. II would rather SOC 4
boy tu his coffin than To see him thrust
a hayonct through his schoolma,c our
conscience" ~ uppcrnlnst and W must
Weld - that, Tho taking OF human life
IL wrong"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-26
MOTION A TUSKEGEE.
Booker WashinGtOn'a %Succcssor I'm.
stalled as Principal.

TrskEGEE. Ala. May ?5 Major Rob.
ert Russo Motion was installed ,h,
afternoon as principal Of Tuskesee H..
stitutc. founded by the late Booker T
Washington. lie was selected TO sur.
coed pr. Washington on Dccemier "A
last ~ n unanimous vote ~ the
trustees.
Major Motion said in HE address tha
the outlook for The negro race was neye,
more hopeful than AZ present. ALTHOUGH
ignorance. shiftlessncss and crime az,
still altogether TOO prevalent among h.
people. He announced that he wouls
follow the policy Of his predecessor. pt
Washington.
no greater responsibility was eve,
placed upon the negro than In lef, Us
here at Tuskegee," said Major Motor
Along with this responsibility We hav.
a rare opportunity. one almos, 10 h.
envied. an opportunity 70 help IN N,
solution Of a great problem. the huns,
race problem. not merely changing n.
modes of life and the ideals Of a rac.
but changing the ideas of other race.
regarding that race.
while the outlook was never mo-.
hopeful. the negro problem Is no, ,D
solved. While there is great encou..
agement in the fact that 20 pcr con-
of the negro population can read ard
write. 1t is not safe to assume that :,
per cent. ~ the negroes are really and
truly educated.
our progress in this country t..
been wonderful and w have here eve,
reason for rejoicing. Color and con.
duct still count in this question. bl,
IT,. us remember conduct counts more
than color"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-26
NAVY LEAGUE TAKES
UP FORD'S "DARE"
Accepts His Challenge to APP
pear i'm Court in 500. 900
Libel Suit.


DETROIT, May -"-f''hFN f"F's o"'e
IN = telegram Wednesday, To- tho navy
Ie,cu. :, .nrc,r ia ,hp Federal ,our,
"a ~ 49,. ~ n
0" """' VIZ" '" ""'
records oI IN" Organization Tor ne ina
OF the $luu. O"0 libel suit brought by the
,o.,u. .,.4,., %, ,,.tr., ,,,entcd
'H 1" '''N'"'"' W !" H"'H '""N"'
col. Robert NJ Thompson. ian - telegram
h" sent TODAY 10 Nj Ford.
NJ. Ford tcl"grtrhed col Thompson
that ne would appear In court ON 'ondi-
ton that the league would guarantee TO
appear at the trial tud demonstrate mat
N"rtl-iuG purposes. col Thompson :
l"'"grdm &" Nj. Fora follow
'(our t".ce am 90 May - received
W" NaNN l.'AEu" VII oh'alu Judgment
against You '"l Ih'l YOU nave cur
ui''"i ~ rapidly - courts permit inc
NAVY I"aGu" VIII take every s'oN pos
sihi' I" expedite determination "' me
cas-" ~ the courts. me navy I'""Guc
VII accord You every right '"uchsatei
10y law
~ "I'''! ~ - ,
'.r'S"' "'n'''S ""'' Jun, ~, ,n '""
~ !" n a. ,a,,. Wv
"'n,. III w. M au
''' So ,r,.t n,,
."' " ,,'t
~ ,,,, ;, ,r, mo ,,..
w., 49, ,h. ,,u .,,,,I1
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-26
MERCHANTS CHEER
CALL FOR DEFENCE
Demonstration for Prepared
ness by 700 at AssOcia-
ton Banquet.
1851 NEW MEN BERS IN

Even The announcement at the Mer-
chants Association dinner last night
that 1851 new members had been en-
rolled In the April-May campaign, rails
ing the total to 5.0t3. did not begin to
provoke cheering equal to hat voiced
by 700 men in the grand ballroom Of
the Astor when Senators O'Corman and
Wadsworth. job Hedges and Gen. Wood
drove HON their arguments for national
rterai edness.
Senator DtIorman went SO far as to
advocate compulsory military training
for every citizen. Gen. Wood agreed
tina. Il would have 10 Gene in tho course
OF time Job Hedges. after keeping
every body laughing for fifteen minutes.
suddenly became serious and said
W dare to advise Europe when all
they nave to do Ia to ask us to look at
home. We dare tell them how to
manage their affairs when we have
given no demonstration here that we
know how To manage our own. Think
of a nation that has to be pleaded with
To rise to i,s own moral sta ndard. Think
Of 100. 000. 900 people that dare to have
a moral standard expressed only In
terms OF apt speech. Laughter and APP
''f ''A NV NC N'IN ~ UV
subjected TO the acid test OF conduct we
would not be discussing preparedness,
We would he apologizing."
HandClapping was merged In shouting
when Senator OGormau said this
"Ir time OF war, when nations are
fighting for their very existence. they
will not permit respect for neural ma
lions to interfere with their success UNI
less the neutral nation making tho pro-
tngy -. .Ia ..A bNt.,,.l .- A.
demand T..
Nations" he added ARE hut agsrc-
cations Of men. and lighting for their
own existence they believe that self
preservation is the first Law 81 nature.
Why should no, a great nation such as
ours have an army and navy com
mensurate with tho high place destin,
has given us among the nations ~ The
earth Applause
"ln my judgment the one iudispcn-
sable thing ia tina, We should have In
this country compulsory training. IAp-
plause why should not the Govern
ment ordain a ~ stem by which AZ the
proper period Of his life every citizen
will receive instruction so that when
he - called he will not become "A ready
sacrifice IN the enemy Applause
al no time during this war have I
had the slightest fear that We would
become involved in u. and tonight I
ave not the slightest fear that this
country will become tho object Of attack
by any Of the belliccrents non engaged
In This war after the war is ended. Yet
even I with my views on this subject.
must confess that there is always DANCE
NJ war
Seconding the senior senator's conten-
tons a. % rreI,a reiness senator Wads-
worth said
The thlug We must combat IS disin-
,eyratiou Of the American spirit APP
vlauSc We must never forget that
the spi'i, ~ the people must ne pre-
,ar6i tina 'rcc -risi understand what
American lihe-'y means. and they won't
h~esitat" 20 fght for Il. tCheers
Another speaker was Edward r. Trefz
~ the chamber Of Commerce % the
United States. The ~toastmas'er was
William F,llowes Morgan, president Or
the Merchants Association.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-26
Continued from FIRST Page.

exceed the total of s2.762 recommended
by the General Board"
The minority members recommend
nifty submarines instead OF seventeen,
saying:
The committee has been singularl,
unmindful of our deficiency in subma-
rines needed for coast defence. not even
providing for the wholly inadequate
number Of twenty-five recommended by
the Secretary OF the Navy. We have
thirty-nine submarines built n thirty
three building. a total Of s~eventy-two.
The lowest estimate of our requirements
made by any naval authority is $50.
leaving A deficiency Of seventy-eight.
ut is now generally admitted by naval
men that the submarine, by reason OF its
mobility and deadliness OF attack. IL n
most valuable and efficient weapon for
coas, defence. Confidence in the sub
marine has been greatly strengthened
by its remarkable exploits IN the Euro
pean war. Ii seems To the minority hat
Congress should provide without delay at
least me minimum number recommended
by the General Board.
The submarine IL relatively mex
pensive and requires a very small COM
plement OF men. II can be built In u
comparatively short tim and will arord
A greater Measure OF defence against
Invasion than any other weapon which
can be constructed In the same length
OF time and for the same expenditure
OF money. We therefore recommend h a
fifty coast defence submarines be au-
ihorized In the pending bill"
The minority members demand 3d.
500, 900 instead OF 81. 900, 900 for aero
nautics. a council Of national defence
and insist that construction OF new ships
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-26
GIVES 81 1000 TO CAMP FUND.
Mrs. iRwtOn Helps Those NhO
tan't tNOrd TriV.

Young men who's" cirCuW Htaurcs arc
such that they cauuo afford la pay
The expenses If attending tho summer
training camps ~ ilHilshurr This sum
mcr are to be helped by Mrs. l.ha An
dorson I.awton. daughter # Cen. Robert
Anderson. who has deposited SI,o"0 Tor
that purpose in the Lincoln National
Bank.
Mrs. l.awtou uo'lticd Major Charles
Elliott Warren, president of the bank.
Yesterday that she had contributed the
81 600 IN memory "f her father. rho
money * to- hc added to other amounts
already devoted to thc purpus" 10y pa
triutic societies. In her letter Mrs.
Lawton wrote
81 app"il. 10 women with no political
feeling or tendencies 10 suffrage or anti
suTragc, but for pure love Of country.
to Join the committee which * hcirr
formed Let II he called For Love Of
country, the Womcn's Fund to Help in
Her Work Of Preparedness"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-26
WANTS RAILROAD MEN
UNDER ARMY CONTROL
W. l.. Park Suggests Joint
Board To Mobilize Trans
pOrtatiOn.

\ strong appeal for governmental
control of railway labor as an abso-
lutely necessary adjunct OF any adequate
scheme Of preparedness is made by W
l.. Park, vice-president of the Illinois
Central Railroad. In an address on Rail
ways in a System OF National Defence"
printed in the current issue OF the Rail
Wdy Age Gazette.
Taking the threats Of the four rail
way brotherhoods as an example. he
urges that provisions be made forbid
ding any strike to he called at any time
IN the future until all points OF dispute
have been submitted to arbitration, and
placing all railroad employees In case
II actual warfare under military con-
troll. The address was prepared for de-
livery before the Internationdl Associa-
tiou Of Railway Special Agents and Io-
lice at New orleans last evening
The railways cannot ne depended
upon." MIR Park says, even to the
limit OF their present efficiency. unless
means can We provided for their protec-
,iou against detection within their own
organization VI present. when trouble
from any one Of three or more foreign
sources H. thres,oning. four OF the most
powerful organizations OF labor ron
cerncd in railway operation are threaten
ing 20 tie up every mile or railway III
the United states unless certain en-
,remc demands for increased wages are
granted
Whatever measure of control me
Government MAY he forced 10 ASSUME.
over tn, railways as a part OF a system
Of national defence viii be wanting IN ef-
fcctivcnoss unless It includes absolute
control over the personnel OF the optrat-
Ing organization. No amount Of study
or mlflmeut Of requirements or plant
and plans Of operation will avail II there
is chance of failure on the part of tn"
employees engaged in operation. En-
ployees who have to do with the opera
ton 81 trains should he held strictly ar-
ccuu'ahic for their acts
Mr.. Park ~fuggestS the appointment AZ
once ~ \ board Of army experts and
ra lwav men to work IN connection with
the General STAFF for the organization
of the railways Cor defence. lie states
that equipment is not at present equal,
In many cases. to the burden OF mill
'arN movements; that the situation or
the las, six months has shown terminal
facilities to he Inadequate TO the trans
porta'iun Of ~treiclts which woul1 be
necessary. and that there - only one
car IN the country -thc property OF the
bethlehem steel Company - strong
.uougn 10 catiN = - inch 50" dGi oG''
a few capable Of transporting ~ inch
guns
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-26
EXPLODES BALLOON
800 FEET In The AIR
ROdman Law Touches OFF by.
Mantle. Then Drops With
Parachute.

fiodmau Law. who has leaped Gins
and climhed the walls uf s~kyscrapcrs.
produced a new thrill Yesterday AZ the
Shoopshead Bay Military Tournament
when lie assembled in 4 balloon and .x-
ploded the gas inflated bag with a
charge Of dynamite. \ parachute
brought him to the ground safely with
fragments NJ the blazing airship fall
ing about him
The balloon was \. Leo Stevcns's
Blue bird. in which he few from the
top of Madison Square Garden a few
weeks ago. II wac filled early yoster-
day with 1900 cubic feet Of hydrogen.
besides which n heavy charge of eNplo-
sive was pla' ed in the lag. II was
nearly dusk when Law assembled He
had barely reached a height Of 500 feet
when he touched of the fuse aud
jumped
\ sham battle was staged hotwcen
companies Of tho prpN i',oual National
Guard infantry. and Ruth Law. Banter
Adams. steve Macgordou and Tex Mill
man gave exhibition asroplane flights
over the field.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-26
'GAYIRA TO CONFER
WITH GEN. PERSHING
Mexican and American Cen
erals Will Discuss Distri-
button Of Troops.
L. s. FORCES INACTIVE

Ell PAso. May zb.-Gen. Gavira.
Juarez commander. declared to-day that
he was planning to get Gen. Pershing.
commander Of the American forces In
Mexico. to meet him in conference on the
distribution Of troops in chihuahua TO
prevent banditry.
81 do not know II we will have a
our plans by telegraph" said Gen. Ca
vira. but W. will discuss the situation
that we may better cooperate in the
work Of suppressinG handitry.'
Arrivals from Columbus reported that
large quantities Of ammunition had ar
rived there from the army in Mexico.
most of II for cannon To many this
indicated that some more OF the PERISH
Ing forces are coming out. as this am
munition was taken In under great DIN.
culties and would hardly be brought
out at the beginning Of the rainy sea-
son. II Is said. II the artillery was to
remain there.
In military circles Il was explained
tonight. however. that the ammunition
was sent out by mistake n that u
Ii to be taken back that Il was ordered
sen, north from Namiquipa TO Colonia
Dublan and the truck master brought
II to the border,
Gen. Pershing. 1t was learned to-day.
IL still at Namiquipa. with most OF his
force. There are still several American
commands south Of there. but they are
small and the entire army is described
as being inactive and waiting"
II is stated by those coming from the
front that orders have reached Gen.
Pershing TO suspend all active opera
tons for the present and that even the
small scouting parties that formerly
broke the monotony Of military life are
no longer sent out into the mountains
by the American commanders.
Official notice has been given In Mex
leo city OF a decree now beinG prepared
by C~arranza's Cabinet and shortly TO DO
promulgated. calling municipal elections
and the establishment Of free municipali.
ties throughout the republic as the hrst
ste1, ,oward the restoration Of constitu-
tional government. according to a tele-
graphic bulletin received AT the Mexican
consulate In I'll Paso. The bulletin con-
tinues
This will he followed by succeeding
, essential steps In regular order calling
state and Congressional elections, a
meeting OF Congress and subsequently
calling the Presidential election and in
y;allation Of successful candidate as
chief Executive, in accordance with the
plan Of Guadalupe. under which the revo-
luton has been carried TO successful
completion. The first municipal cleo
lion will be held In July"
Gen. Salaxar. ex-Huerta and Orozco
General. to-day officially surrendered by
wire to the Csrranza garrison In Juares.
TeleSraphing from Guxman. forty miles
below Juarez. Salazar indicated a desire
, TO accept the amnesty promised him last
week by Gen. Gavlra. but asked that the
amnesty promise be sent to him in the
handwriting Of Gavira or he would not
lay down his arms.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-26

zones.
The northernmost zone will he occu.
pied by troore under the command n,
Gen Gavira. the garrison commander a,
Juarez. who will confine his opcra,ior,
TO p~atrolling the Mexican side Of III,
border The other zone. embracing ,.
southern sections " the states " en-
huahuo and Coahuila and tho nnr,n..,
portion Of the State OF Durango vUI h."
under the command Of Gen. 1aciuio T,,
Vino. who will engaEe in active opr,,
tons against the followers Of VIA.
The American officers have been
snred that the operations OF the ,t,n,,
in both zones. a~ggregating between q
600 and 10000. will he in strict conform.
ity with the informal understand,n,
reached 10y Gems. Scott and Obrgon