davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1916-11-11
COTTON MARKETS.
NEW YORK.

NEW YORK, November 11.-Apart
from jump of q points in October, the
cotton market was rather featureless
early today, although firm in tone with
other positions unchanged to points
higher. The October strength was va
riouslv attributed 10 spot house buying.
against sales of July and support from
Liverpool, the latter being said to have
absorbed about 1000 bales.
The advance carried January to 1910.
March to 1860 and May to 1913, or
about 10 points net higher. while Oc-
covering on a lack of continuation of
Yesterdays rumors about grain en-
barge and on reports from north Ala
bama that 81 per cent of the crop had
been ginned. with all gins to stop run
ming next week.
Futures opened firm; December,
1888, January, 1875; March, 1851 !;
May. 1875; July, 1915.
Futures closed steady. December,
1854; January, 1887; March, 1891; ;
May, 1858; July, 1856.
Spot cotton, quiet; middllnS upland,
1910. Sales, none.
The late market was firmer. January
advancing to 1916 on scattered COW
ering, but met active selling on the
rise and sold off 13 to 16 points from
highest or 3 to s points under the pre-
vious close, from which there was a
final slight rally. The close was steady
with quotations 3 points lower to 30
points net higher, new crops showing
the chief strength. January closed,
1895; March. 19.48. and May, 1861
Evening star., 1916-11-11
Election No Effect on U. S. Trade.

NEW YORK. November 11.-Brad-
streets review says:
While naturally responding to and
Sharing in the political excitement rul-
ing this week. trade and industry dis
play no real check in the long con-
tlnued steady surge forward in de-
mand. Interest in the election returns
themselves and uncertainty as to re-
suits rather than doubt as to policies
adopted or rejected acted as deterrents
to activity in some lines. but the great
majority of reports fall to record any
tangible effect upon trade, which has
held steadily large at most centers,
and even increased at some northwest
ern and southern points. The effects of
car shortages, which have curtailed or
delayed the movement of coal. lumber
and grain. as well under production
of materials. are indeed much more
often mentioned as drawbacks than in
political excitement. and where con-
servatism Is reported in future order
ing 1t is based more on extreme price
advances than on political develop
ments.
weekly bank oleartngs. s5.so7. 7.41o.ooo.
Evening star., 1916-11-11
Corn Prices Also Steady.

Corn. like wheat, was strong as re-
suit Of bullish Argentine crop condi-
tionS stormy weather threatening de-
lay to the movement of the domestic
crop counted also against the bears.
After opening unchanged to IA higher,
the market scored moderate general
gains.
In oats the principal factor was the
strength of corn. Commission houses
We're mostly on the buying side.
Provisions weakened owing to fall
ing off in shipments of lard and meats.
On the break, however, good support
developed.
Reactions that ensued failed to last
Large export business was said to be
in progress. The wheat market closed
unsettled. Il to 1i2 net higher. with
December at 1.S912 and May a 1.35L to
1881.
Increased country corn offerings had
only a transient bearish effect. May
and July crossed 30 to a new high
price record for the season. The close
for corn was strong at > to 2%i net
advance.
Wheat--No. . red. 1.s3 &4a1.s7as; No. 3
No. 3 hard, 1.S0a1.S912.
Corn-No. yellow. nominal; No.
yellow. new. SO; No. 4 white. nominal
Oats-No. s white. 55a56; standard,
56a56a.
Rye-Nominal.
Barley. s5a1.25: timothy, 3.25a5.25:
clover. 11.OOa15.00; pork. 1900; lard,
1890: ribs, 14.37a15.25.
Evening star., 1916-11-11
MAY TAKE OVER REUTERS.

LONDON. November : 1l.-Reuter's
Telegram Company tonight made pub
lie the following statement:
Reuters Telegram Company author
ICES the statement that an offer to pur-
chase the undertaking of Reuters Tele-
gram Company has been made by the
Hon. Mark Francis Napier, chairman of
the company. with whom are associat-
ed Lord Glenconner, chairman Of the
Union Bank of Scotland: Viscount Peel.
a director of the London and Provin-
cial Bank. and Sir Leander Starr jane
son, president of the British South
Africa Company.
Certain Investigations are now being
undertaken on behalf of Mr.. Napier and
his friends and if the result is salts
factory to them the offer will prompt
iy be submitted to the shareholders of
the company for their approval.
ut may be stated that one of the
principal objects of the acquisition of
the Undertaking is to insure that
Reuters Agency shall continue to be
independent of any alien or undesirable
control and its conduct and administra-
ton shall be entirely British.
''It is intended to continue the exist
ing administration of the agency and
Mr.. Roderick Joins. the present head.
will remain in that position with en-
larged powers.
Evening star., 1916-11-11
NEW ORLEANS.

NEW ORLEANS. November 1.-THE
price OF cotton rose to 13 points in
the first half hour of business on this
market today. Yesterdays short sellers
were inclined to cover over the week
end, and moderate fresh demand from
the long side sprang up, based on the
strength of the spot market.
December, 1880; January, 1898 asked;
March, 1928, May. 19.42; July, 1s.4s.
Spot cotton-Steady and unchanged.
Sales on the spot. 1850 bales: to arrive.
$50. Good ordinary. 1850; strict good
saA'G; strict low middling, 1875; middiins.
1900; strict middling. 1919; good mid
ding. 1887; strict good middling, 1882.
Futures closed steady at an advance
of s to points. December, 1884; jan
uary, 1900; March, 1924; May, 1914; !;
July, 1857.
Evening star., 1916-11-11
Corn and Oats Gain.

Corn and oats gained, respectively.
about cents and @34 a bushel for the
week.
Export caIr was active for both
cereals. and The Argentine crop situa-
zion as well as che strength of wheat
were buiIish factors.
sun advances formed the rule in pro-
visions. the jumps ranging from 81 to
S2.l5. Foreign demand with upturns In
the value Of cereals were ascribed as
leading causes
Evening star., 1916-11-11
New High Record for Copper.

NEW YORK. November 1.-THE cop
per market remained very firm, with
large inquiries from France reported.
the second largest ever received in
this market. A sale was reported at
52A, November shipment. a new high
record. For first quarter leading pro-
ducers were asking 2912 to 31i2, and
second quarter, % to 80. Iron was
unchanged.
Evening star., 1916-11-11
Grain, Produce,
Cotton Markets.
CHICAGO.

CHICAGO. November 11.--Word that
frost had done great damage to the
crop in Argentina and that the esti-
mated Argentine exportable surplus
had been reduced to 23.noo.uoo bushels
caused sharp advance today IN wheat
prices here. According to bulls. the
news from Argentina meant an IN
creased European demand for the rap
idly decreasing stock of wheat in the
United States.
On the other hand. it was urged that
any temporary cessation of buying on
the part of the British commission
would tend to induce unloading he: by
weak holders. Opening prices, which
ranged from 1 cent off to l cent up.
with December at 1.ssle to 1.sea and
May at 1919 to 1921. were followed
by material gains all around
Evening star., 1916-11-11
Wheat Affected Indirectly.

In this connection uneasiness which
many traders evinced at the outset Of
the week that imports from Canada
and Australia would exert depressing
influence here soon disappeared Bad
weather In Canada interfered with
thrashing, and rust Was said to be
spreading in Australia
Election results affected wheat prices
only Indirectly and in q transient sort
II fashion. If al all Some authorities
professed to trace alternate hulges and
setbacks in sympathy with alternating
changes of values in the New York
stock market, said to be more or less
due to election news, but leading trad
ers here were by no means agreed that
political considerati tions cut any appre-
ciable figure OF a lasting kind as to the
price Of wheat
Evening star., 1916-11-11
CHICAGO LIVE STOCK.

CHICAGO November 1-Hogs-Re-
ceipts, 1900 head; strong; 10c above YES
terday's average; bulk $3.50 10 90; light
tG.20; rough, 9.55a97O; piss 6 75,s f5
Cattle--keceipts. 700 head: steady: ma
tive beef cattle. 7l0a12. O5: western steers
b. 10alO. 10. stockers and feeders s0aS %
COWS and heifers, 3.75a9. 10; calves, s 5Oa
Sheep-Receipts, 1000 head: steady.
wethers, 7.S5a3.oo; lambs. s0oa11.75.
Evening star., 1916-11-11
New York Mercantile Paper.

NEW YORK, November 11.-Mercan-
tile paper, az. Sterling. sixty-day
bills, 4.71A; commercial sixty day bills
on banks. All: commercial sixty day
bills. 4.70A; demand, AS 11-16; cables,
4.76 lis. Francs, demand, 5.s412
cables. 5.S3A. Marks, demand, 6s%
cables, So 1916. Kronen. demand,
11.87; cables. 11.S8. Guilders, demand,
40A: cables. Al. Lires, demand. 6.65A
cables. 6.641a. Rubles, demand. 29.40;
cables. 1880. ..-.-
Bar silver, 71h. Mexican dollars.
55h. Government bonds. steady. Rail-
road bonds. irregular.
Evening star., 1916-11-11
Sugar Market Is Easier

NEW YORK. November 1.-THE mar
ket for sugar futures was easier today
under scattered selling by Wall street
and commission houses. closing 3 to 8
points net lower Sales. $500 tons. De-
cember, SIT; January. 4.59; March, 4.24;
May. 4.32
centrifugal e.52; refined. steady. fms
granulated, $50 to $50
Evening star., 1916-11-11
London Dull; for Saturday Holiday.

in moderate supply and discount rates
were easy today. The stock market pass
ed dull session. and the members are
hoping mat petition now being signed
WIN result IN making Saturdays d holi-
Gay generally. The chief business was
IN on and diamond shares and Peruvian
issues at rising prices
me Investment section is stagnant and
american shares were idly steady
Evening star., 1916-11-11
Possibly Snow Next Week.

Weather predictions for the week
beginning tomorrow, issued by the
weather bureau today. say that in the
middle Atlantic states. including the
District of Columbia. the weather will
become unsettled. with probably rain,
possibly turning to snow in the ele-
waited regions Monday and Tuesday, fol-
lowed by fair ana cold weather until
the end Of the week.
Evening star., 1916-11-11
NEW YORK.

NEW YORK, November 11-F'lour-
Strong: spring patents, 9.60a9.S5: win
ter patents, S.S5a9.10: winter straights,
S.5oaS.65; Kansas straights, 960a9.s5.
Pork-F'irln.
Beef-Firm.
Lard-Strong; middle west. lisa
17.S5.
NolaSses-Steady
Hay--Firm: No. /, 1.65a1.1o: No 2,
Loo; No. 3, 80.
IIides-Firm.
Leather-Strong
Evening star., 1916-11-11
Building Permits.

Building permits were issued tod.1,
to the following:
milton +. Sch"ab. TO build dwelling
at $40 5oth street northwest; archi-
'ect' "A IL Sonnemann; builder, II. K.
BOSS; estimated cost, $1,000
William kieseckers. to build garar. in
rear OF 1872 Park road; estimated cost.
Charles E. Cornell. to repair dwelling
at 'ol 9Th street southeast; estimated
cost, 5000. -''''' 'eu
Evening star., 1916-11-11
French Bourse Prices Steady.

PARIS. November 11.-Prices were
steady on the bourse today. Rentes,
81 francs 10 centimes.
Exchange on London. % francs sly
centimes.
,,1,,I. Five Dsr cent loan q Hanes g osn-
Evening star., 1916-11-11
New York Bank Statement.

NEW YORK. November 1l.-Thc
statement of the actual condition of
banks and trust companies for the
week shows that they hold 9S,S6S,250
reserve in excess of legal requirements.
This is a decrease Of $25,2SS,790 from
last week.
Evening star., 1916-11-11
WEATHER..
Fair Tonight and Probably Tomor-
row: Little Temperature Change.

For the District of Columbia, fair
tonight and probably tomorrow; not
much change in temperature; gentle
variable winds.
For Maryland, fair tonight and prob
ably tomorrow; colder in east portion
tonight; moderate variable winds
For Virginia, fair tonight and prob
ably tomorrow; colder on the coast to-
night: moderate northeast Winds
For West Virginia, fair tonight; to-
morrow increasing cloudiness. .--
Records for Twenty-Four Hours.
The following were the readings Of
the thermometer and barometer at the
weather bureau for the twenty-fou
hours beginning at pm. yesterday:
Thermometer-Yeste 4 pm. SO;
8 pm, So; IL midnight. 45. Today, t
am. 40: am, AZ; II noon, So; pm,
81 Maximum. 62, at pm. today min
imum, 81, at 6 am. today. z----
Temperature same date last year
Maximum. 81; minimum, 81.
Rarometer-Ye esterday, 4 pm. 1905 +;
8 pm, 30.11; II midnight, 30.17. Today,
4 am 1923; am, 3o.34; Il noon,
1895; 2 pm, 30.3i.
Evening star., 1916-11-11
Up-River Waters.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
HARPERS FERRY, w. Va, November
1.-THE Potomac and Shenandoah riv-
erS both were clear this morning.
Evening star., 1916-11-11
LONDON MONEY.

LONDON, November 11-Rar silver
% I-itd per ounce; money, 5 per cent,
Discount rateS--Short biliss 5Iaa55s per
cent three months, . 51.a5%. per cent.
Evening star., 1916-11-11
Records for Twenty-Four Hours.
Condition of the Water.

Temperature and condition of water
at s am: Great FalIs-Temperature
SO: condition. 8. Dalecarlia reservoir
Temperature, 81; condition at north
connection, 1; condition at south con-
nection. s. Georgetown distributing
acknowledgements 81; condition
at infIuent gatehouse. .; condition at
effiuent gatehouse, $.
Weather in Various Cities.
Evening star., 1916-11-11

Der, 12.6oaI2.6@: January, I2.59al2. 81 ::
February, 1o.50a12.65; March, 12.63;t
] 2.65; April, 12.64at2.6s; May, 12.71a
] . 10. June, 12.1oal2.S5 Total sales.
IS. go0 gallons.
Evening star., 1916-11-11
Cottonseed Oil Market Easy.

NEW YORK. November 1.-THE cot
tonseed oil market closed easy. Spot.
1880 bid; November. 1890 bid: Decem-
Evening star., 1916-11-11
LOCAL STOCK MARKET
IS! ALMOST NEGLECTED
Washington Investors Either Hold
ing Aloof or Trading Elsewhere.
No Selling Pressure.
General Business Throughout the
Country as Indicated by Clear
ings Is Very Large.
BY 1. A. FLEMING.

Without saying that the presidential
on the local security market. as repre-
scented in the daily sessions of the
Washington Stock Exchange. without
endeavoring to give reason for the fact,
it is nevertheless evident that inves
tors, for the present at least, are look
ing elsewhere for their purchases, and
that the local market 1anguishes.
Either this or they are waiting and
watching. for the business of the days
session was inconsequeutial.
Around brokers offices with private
wires to New York great crowds iin%er
from the opening 10 the close OF the
New York market. ami hundreds of
trades are made daily by lrcai opera
tors-in the meant zine The local market
neglected
The only satisfaction TO members of
the exchange is that the holders OF
local securities are not pressing them
10 q sale regardless of values, but are
holding strongly for current nSureS be-
fore the election.
Today's transactions were not worthy
.f special mention
Personal Mention.
Eugene E Thompson of Crane, Paris
d Co. has gone on weeks trip visit
ing investment bankers in various sec
lions of the country
Larger Clearings.
Clearings OF the banks of the country
again indicated Increased business de-
spite the interruption of the election
and nation wide interest in results.
according to Dun's Review. the total
cIearings for the week ended with Fri |
day were Si.724.6s6. .465. an increase Of
lse per cent compared with the same
week last year. and of 81 per cent
greater than the clearines for the same |
week in 1913.
Notable business activity is indicated /!
III every part of the country, although |
II is still q fact that BANKERS nnd dlt- |
ticulty in placing their funds to good
advantage.
100 Points Advance.
During the last three months there |
has been an advance of. 500 a share on |
the price of National City Bank stock. |
the market value being approximately |
$3.50 a share.
At that price the net revenue to the |
buyer is but little over per cent in F,
Guiding the income from the National
city Company.
The Riggs National Bank of this city |
pays s26 year dividend, and is quoted
AZ $500 a share bid. At this price the |
stock would paw better than . per cent |
on the investment.
Condition of the Treasury.
The condition OF the United States |
Treasury at the close of business yes |
terday was: |
Net balance in general fund, s142.6s0,- |
7o5
Total ordinary receipts, S1,s41,5S9.
Total ordinary payments. s4.e420ts. |
The deficit this fiscal year is SS5,Sio,- |
"a, against a deficit of s4.3e4,so4 last
wear exclusive of Panama canal and
public debt transactions.
Evening star., 1916-11-11
DAIRY MARKETS.
CHICAGO.

CHICAGO. November 11.-Butter---
Higher; creamery, 33a3612.
Eggs-Receipts, 3,317 cases; un-
changed.
Potatoes-Receipts 10 cars un-
changed.
Poultry-Alive, unchanged
NEW YORK.
NEW YORK, November 11.-Butter--
Steady; receipts. 1885 tubs; creamery
higher than extras, 3Sa3S u: creamery
extras (92 score). 81 "; firsts. 36a37;
seconds, 341aa35 y.
Eggs-Firm; receipts. 6,510 cases;
fresh gathered. extra fine. 42a44; extra
frsts. 40a41 firsts. 37a39; seconds. 35a
81: nearby hennery whites. fine to fan
cy. 62a6S; nearby hennery browns. As
a52.
Cheese-Strong; receipts. 1872 boxes;
state. fresh, specials. 23a23A do. aver
age fancy, % 12a22A
Live poultry--F'irm: chickens, 1SIga
10; fowls. 13I2a16la; turkeys, 20a22;
dressed duh and weak: chickens. I9a
81; fowls, II lza2212 turkeys, 19a30.
Evening star., 1916-11-11
NEW YORK COTTON.

Quotations furnished by W. D. Hibbs L Co..
eEnbers New icrs Stock Exchange, New York
tton Exchange and Chicago Board Of Trade
Evening star., 1916-11-11
Some Recoveries.

III the final hour there were many re-
coveries from the low range. due to COW
ering by short sellers and the filling of
orders placed at the lower prices Com
pared with the advances that have been
scored recently, the losses were not Sc
we're. although in some instances special
weakness was shown.
Just why the motor shares show
such weakness is a matter of concern
to investors in these shares, unless it
is the ease with which they put out
new security issues and keep their
large earnings in their vaults.
Steel common made a net loss OF y
Tor the day; Industrial Alcohol was one
OF the weak stocks that made no re-
coVery worthy of mention. Studebaker
came back points: Utah Copper re-
gained most of its loss as did other
coppers. Munitions We're weak to the
closing.
The action in the rails was of little
Importance, although weakness de-
veloped here also. for about !. to l
point losses on the leading stocks.
Total sales for the two hours were
estimated at 100000 shares.
Evening star., 1916-11-11
WALL STREET MARKET
SHOWS GENERAL LOSSES
Opening Strong, Especially i'll Cop
pers. But List Soon Yields Un-
der Selling Pressure.
Recoveries Only Fair-Rails Slow
and Lower-Motor Shares
Were Especially Soft.

NEW YORK. November ll.--it may
be that the result of the presidential
election was a factor in today'S mar
ket, although it is an open question
whether the election has really eXerted
any material influence on stocks one
way or the other.
With the initial opening. the usual
push for higher levels was noticed,
gains being scored on practically ev-
erything. with the copper shares lead
ing in the development of strength.
Soon after the opening spectators
turned heatriSh and stocks were offered
freely at concessions. Many longs with
profits in sight took their gains, even
II &haded b lower figures. the selling
movement beng increased Icy tn. usual
SATURDAY eNCnIHE-u.I process.
The result was evidenced in declines OF
l 10 points throughout the list,
extending to 81 and ! points on Stude-
baker Corporation. Utah Copper and
Maxwell Motors. as we'll as Lacka wanna
Steel
Anaconda Copper lost . points. Republic
Steel and Iron "a, Steel common ia, and
Locomotives and Crucible Steel l to 2
points
Evening star., 1916-11-11
Washington Stock Exchange.

SALES.
Lanston. l at 7Ti..
After call:
Washington Gas > at IL
Mersenthaler. :. at f66.
Bid and Asked Prices.
Evening star., 1916-11-11
CURB STOCKS.

,,uotatjons furnished by w. Il. Hibbs & CO.,
,nembers New York Stock Exchange.
Evening star., 1916-11-11
ELGIN.

ELGIN, ILL.,, November 1I.-Butte
five tubs at 36i2
Evening star., 1916-11-11
POWDER STOCKS.

ouo,a,lons furnished by ". y. Hibb. & Co.
Evening star., 1916-11-11
Money to Loan

Secured by First ID I'd Of Trust on Real Esta:e
Prevailing interest and commission.
ToeeDh I NNeller hol y <. W
Evening star., 1916-11-11
New York Bond Market.

Quotations furnished by W. b. Hibb. Co.
Evening star., 1916-11-11
Personal Mention.

Eugene L. Thompson of Crane, Paris
d Co. has gone on weeks trip, visit
ing investment bankers in various Sec
tions of the country.
Baraboo weekly news. [volume] (Baraboo, Wis.) 1912-197?, 1916-11-23
Dies From Pneumonia

Willis Johnston died Sunday after
noon at 2 o'clock at his home two
miles from Lime Ridge, aged 81
years. He had been helping care for
his uncle, who died a week ago of
pneumonia, and the night following
the funeral was taken sick with the
same disease. He was seriously i'll
from the first and all doctors and
nurse could do was done for him, but
to no avail.
He was nephew Of John Johnston,
Eighth avenue, Baraboo, and Of H.
M. Johnston, a young man we'll and
favorably known throughout this part
of the country.
He leaves a father, mother, two
brothers, Walter and Marble of Lime
Ridge, a brother, Thomas Johnston of
North Freedom, and Mrs. Ella Powell,
Lime Ridge.
Funeral Tuesday at 10 o'clock at
Lime Ridge.
Baraboo weekly news. [volume] (Baraboo, Wis.) 1912-197?, 1916-11-23
James Carlyle

James Carlyle died at the CONNER
cial hotel on Friday night about II
o'clock, the cause being paralysis.
He was formerly an employee of the
Ringing Bros. circus. Deceased was
about ffty-nine years of age.
On Friday he was i'll and Poor
Commissioner H. E. Stone and ply
stefan were called to see him. The
physician said that his heart was
weak and that it would be best to re-
move him to some institution. When
they left he was reading newspa-
per. He told the visitors that he had
two sisters at Aulby, N. Y. After his
death the body was removed to the
Melzl & McGann undertaking rooms,
under the direction Of his former en-
ployers, the Ringing Brothers.
Baraboo weekly news. [volume] (Baraboo, Wis.) 1912-197?, 1916-11-23
SOUTH FAIRFIELD

Orville Beardsley, little son of Mr..
and Mrs. Frank Beardsley, met with
an accident by falling against sharp
corner of a cupboard, cutting a deep
cash in his forehead. 1t was neces-
sary for a physician to dress the
wound.
Mr.. and Mrs. r. MallOy, son Harry
and George Malloy helped Mr.. and
Mrs. Albert Barstow celebrate their
birthday anniversaries, which come
on the same day, November IA.
The Helpers Union will meet with
Mrs. Clarence Wing on Wednesday,
November %, for dinner.
Mrs. Homer Helm is improving
from an attack of appendicitis. Miss
Janette McGilvra was with her num-
Der Of days.
Miss Esther Mattke spent Saturday
night and Sunday with Miss Edith
Frazier
Mr.. and Mrs. Lucius Bump visited
Sunday with the formers father, Man
ford Bump, who suffered stroke OF
paralysis one day last week.
Ernest Ziegler spent Sunday at the
A. Attridge home.
Albert Ziegler and family spent
Sunday with Mrs ZiegIer's mother,
Mrs. Ed Turnhum, and husband, in
North Freedom.
Baraboo weekly news. [volume] (Baraboo, Wis.) 1912-197?, 1916-11-23
Poethiq-Huerth

The marriage of Miss Ottilie Huerth
daughter of Mrs. And. Huerth of the
town of Prairie du Sac, and Walter
Poethig of Milwaukee, took place at
the st. Aloysius parsonage in Sank
City a few days ago. Rev. Schauen-
berg performed the ceremony. Miss
Genevieve Moir and Robert Rudolph
of Milwaukee, friends of the young
people, were the attendance. The
people, were the attendants. The bride
wore a navy blue suit.
A wedding supper was served to
near relatives at the brides home aft
er the ceremony. The guests includ-
ed Mr.. and Mrs. Joseph Meier, Miss
Margaret Roeser, Mr.. and Mrs. Math
Huerth, Mr.. and Mrs. Casper Roeser,
Mr.. and Mrs. Heary Lodde and Mr..
and Mrs. Paul Scnellin.
They will reside in Milwaukee,
where the groom is employed as mail
carrier.