Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1916-02-04

IL the sand and gravel are mixed or
oank-run material, a small representative
quantity should be screened in order To
hnd proportion of sand to gravel. ANY
thlng that will pass through quarter
men mesh screen is usually considered
SAND. All particles larger and less than
ABOUT one inch in diameter are considered
" pe sraVel. The usual proportion OF
SAND and gravel, in order to give best re-
SUITS, Is one part of sand to two parts of
gravel. This, when thoroughly mixed
win cement in the right proportions,
"oulo give what is called concrete and is
used for foundations, walls, piers or any
OF the heavier constructions. Unless this
Dank-run material is very uniformly
mixed 1t should all be screened and meas
ured before the cement is added to it.
Best results can be secured by using a
box built without bottom and which will
hold known number of cubic feet. de-
pending on the proportion of the materials
used in the mixture. This box is usually
made to hold four cubic feet when the
concrete is used for foundations and sim
liar constructions. 1t is either filled twice
tuIl OF gravel and once full of sand or
once full of gravel and half full of sani,
and either two or one sack of cement add
ed to this sand and gravel.
When the concrete is used for types of
construction that require a rather dense
mixture, one part of cement, one and one
haH parts OF sand and three parts of
gravel are usually used if the material
is good. This mixture is varied somewhat,
depending upon the nature of the mater
lals used If the material is used for
foundations, walls, floor or walk founda-
lions, the 12-4 or 1876 mixture gives good
results. In all cases it is best to make a
small batch of the mixture, and allow it
to set. This sample will give good idea
as to what results can be expected
II walls, tanks, cesspools, blocks or sim
liar construction is being made, good
forms must be used in order to hold the
concrete in place until it sets. The forms
are usually made of one inch material
such as shiplap, roof sheathing or any
boards that can be used in the construc-
ton of other farm buildings These
boards are held in place by 2x4s or 2x6's
to stand on end, similar to studding and
opposite each other at such distance that
when the two layers of boards are nailed
on to them, the desired thickness OF con
crete will be procured when the forms are
filled. These two board walls are fastened
to each other by passing wires entirely
around the two 2x4's or 2x6's and twisting
the ends together. This wire is further
frightened by twisting the two strands be-
tween the walls first having placed be-
tween the walls a piece of Xxi board of
tween walls is secured.
Cement, when mixed with the right pro-
portion of sand or sand and gravel lends
itself readily to the construction of walls,
floors, feeding floors, managers, water
troughs, wall curbing, cesspools, chin
neys, wall blocks, posts, silos, roofs, els
terms, tile and even wash tubs, and in fact
the things that can be made with cement
on the farm are almost innumerable.
In mixing the materials, it is desirable
to have, in addition to the box for measur-
ing, floor 10 or IL feet square for NIX
ing the materials on. This floor should be
nearly water-tight and should not have
any slivers or nail heads projecting from
the surface. This mixing board should be
located near the place where the cement
mixture is used and should have adjacent