davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-02-11
GEN. WIEDERSHEIM DIES
ATBANQUET SPEAKING
FOR PREPAREDNESS
Financier and Civil War Vet
eran Succumbs With Pa
triotic Utterance on
His Lips
STRICKEN BY APOPLEXY

General Theodore f. wiedersheim fan
cier Civil war veteran and retired Ma
tional Guard officer. fell dead last night
as he was concluding an earnest plea for
national military preparedness before $50
prominent Main Line residents Mt a ban
quet in Wayne.
The General had Just reached q drama
tic climax in his appeal and vigorous ap-
plause was ringing out In response to
his words when death came, The words
which preceded his tragic end were:
we must prepare: we must prepare.
so we need not quail or hesitate before
any country, and so our flag Will be re-
spected whether It floats over the sea or
over the land"
He suddenly careened and fell to the
floor. A startled cry arose from the
men who had served with him In the
war as they saw their old comrade col
lapse. In another moment those present
were filled with dismay For Dr. George
Miles Wells. Or. j. c. Egbert and DR.. Rob.
ert p Elmer hurried 40 the place the Gen.
eral had occupied as toastmaster. made a
cursory examination and announced that
General Wiedersheim was dead
HAD ANNOUNCED SPEAKER.
Before the attack which cut short his
life he had announced that Harry Roever
would be the first speaker of the eve
ming. Preparedness and the honor of the
nation were subjects so close to the
heart of the old warrior, however, that
he encroached somewhat on the func-
tions of POSTMASTER
81 think that all men will agree with
me-" he said. "when / say that the Ma
tional Guard must be recognized in our
plans for national defense. The guard
,sat.4 te,,, g,F 1N.N
We have Congressman Butler here to tell
us about national preparedness. On that
subject | want to say that the time has
come when we, to defend our nation,
must prepare. We must not quail or
hesitate before any country, and we
must see that our flag will be respected
wherever it floats or sails"
There was applause at this point. and
as IL spurred on by approval, the General
launched into what he intended to be n
stirring peroration. He took step back
ward. a crash followed as lie plunged
face downward to the floor.
General Wiedershcim was "A veteran of
the Civil War and had a distinguished
career as a banker and in the National
Guard of Pennsylvania.
For many years he was a member of
the lst Regiment of the National Guard,
and was commander of the Veteran Corps
of that regiment.
AS captain of Company d Of the orGani-
2ation he served with distinction during
the perils of the Pittsburgh riots of 1877.
On one occasion he and his company We're
prisoners in roundhouse on which the
strikers had trained an Old-tashoned can
non loaded with spikes and iron scrap.
But one by one the strikers who tried
to light the fuse We're picked off by the
sharpshooters OF his command. BY the
GOODNESS of their captain the command
was saved.
In the organization of the National
Guard in 1873, Colonel r. Dale Benson
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-02-11
BRITISH HOME OFFICE
CLERK IN SPY PLOT
Inspector of Aliens Deputy and
Russian Singer Already
Arrested

LONDON. Feb. 1i-Government agents
are conducting an investigation which
may reveal one of the most serious Ger.
man plots in England since the war be.
gan. This case. which grew out of two
arrests last month. is marked by the ut.
most secrecy and has already involved one
employe of the Home Office.
Those under arrest, so far as known
now are:
John Mcpherson Mitchell Dallas. a
clerk to the inspector of aliens, In the
office of the Secretary of state for Home
Affairs, and MOI Joachim Altani, alias
AltsChuler. a Russian who is described
upon the records at Scotland Yard as a
professional singer
The police charge against the men is
that they conspired between December
and January Ia that money should be
corruptly given to and accepted by Dali
las las an inducement to him to do divers
acts i'm violation of public duty and well
fare"
The police have found that Altani has
been in this country for seven years and
has been employed at very infrequent
intervals. although he was always well
supplied with money. He made II n point
to cultivate the friendship of Government
clerks and Dallas became an intimate.
Since the war began Dallas has been
in position which gave him peculiar
opportunity to assist enemy aliens If he
had been disposed He has had access
to the safe conduct of letters issued by
the Home Secretary. and in addition was
able to supply valuable information.
The arrest of suspected German agents
In the numerous espionage cases which
have developed within the past year have
led on more than one occasion to the
suspicion that enemy aliens were being
lgg igt toI I,t. nj nf tha
ment. Detectives OF the special branch
of the criminal Investigation department
Of Scotland Yard were set to shadOwing
various employees and suspicion fell upon
Dallas, but his supcriors were loath to
accuse him for he had been in the home
office for 20 years with no blcmish upon
his character. However. the evidence
was of such character that the arrest
was made and at the same time the
Russian was taken into custody.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-02-11
GERMANY'S CENSORS
SUPPRESS RIOT NEWS
Denounced by Socialists at
Reichstag Hearing for Pre-
venting Food Discussions
BY CARL w. ACKERMAN

BERLIN, Jan. II 10y mani,
The German censorship was rOundlv de.
nounced today at special committee
meeting of the keiChstag All day long,
while these criticisms were being made.
the Foreign Office. WHICH IL responsible
for the political censorship and the War
i'rcss Bureau, which controls the military
news. were minus their responsible heads.
They were at the Rcichstag listening to
the attacks which were being made, most
ly by the Socialists and some provincial
newspapers.
The charges against the censorship are
about the same as the criticisms Of Nmc =
lean correspondents, except that the So
cialists are much more bitter They
charge the censorship with disCrimtna-
tion, citing instances whore some journals
have been permitted to discuss peace,
while the Socialists have not.
Speakers said conditions had become
much worse with the organization of the
War Press Bureau. They declared the
restrictions about food discussions. cspc-
cially the butter shortage, are too severe,
and one publisher said the newspapers
were losing thousands of dollars because
so much news Is suppressed.
The chief complaint OF the American
correspondents is that they are so re-
strictCd by the censorship that in writing
articles they try to write not what they
wish, but what thov think the censor will
pass. Recently the correspondents dis
covered that their own accounts of the
butter shortage and the demonstrations
in Berlin wcrc suppressed while the Gov
ornment wireless sent II deHal that there
wee riots in Berlin
american correspondents also believe
that the Govcumont 10 too strict about
preventing comment on Cu"rcIt news af-
fcCtuC the relations between the United
states and Germany, Most correspond
cnts. for instance, were prohibited from
sending anythin" about the recall OF Cap
tl,ns Won papen and Boy-Ed, ON the
whole the censorship appears to be grow
ing less liberal
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-02-11
Today in the War

Russia is making a strenuous
endeavor to regain her lost prize
2i war. the Austrian crownland of
bukowina. Troops already have
captured strategic position and
crossed the Dnicster.
Petrograd reports that Russians
engaged in heavy attack against
tne Austrian positions northwest
9t Czernowitz and the Austrian
war Office reports heavy Russian
attacks along the entire front from
bessarabia to Volhynia.
The new Galician offensive is de-
signed to influence Rumania against
casting in her lot with the Central
Powers.
Rumania has been invaded by
Bulgars, it is said in Swiss dis
patches. Outposts crossing the
border were repulsed, but renewed
their attacks with reinforcements.
Nearly 100000 Teutons and Bull
gars are massed on the Greek
frontier in preparation for the
drive on Salonica. The Allies, it
is reported, are bringing forward
heavy guns for the defense of their
Aegean base.
Dispatches from Paris indicate
the. French have been counter-at-
tacking almost without cessation
for 48 hours in the Vimy Heights
region, and have repulsed several
German attacks.
The battle has spread to the
British front, where a heavy ar
tillery duel has been in progress
for more than "a hours.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-02-11
NORTHCLIFFE URGED
FOR CABINET POST
British Weekly Demands Editor
Accept Ministerial
Appointment
LONDON, Feb. II

LO.NDo.N, FeD. II.
Among the innumerable rumors of Cab,-
net changes the most surprising is the
report of a reconciliation between the
Government and Lord Northclffe, who
may be induced to accept n Cabinet po-
sition.
Although this amazing rumor gener-
ally is not believed, and Is ridculed by
many in view of Lord Northclffe's un-
ccasing and strenuous fight against the
Government. II Is n fact that its renliZa-
ton would be welcomed throughout the
country.
1t is impossible to overestimate Lord
NorthCliffe's power. Even so great an
expert as DR. T.. J. Dillon. of the Daily
Telegraph. who strongly opposes him, de-
clarcs that Lord Northclffe Is the most
influential man in the country.
Lord Northcliffe has fought the Gov
ernment step by step ever since the first
days of the war, but even his opponents
agree that his motives have been purely
patriotic and that he has nothing to
gain and everything to lose by his attacks,
One of the best known of his opponents
told the correspondent of the Sun that
there was no question that Lord North
Cliffe's sole object in lighting those
now controlling the conduct of the war
was his determination to see Great Brit
tin victorious.
An. outspoken demand upon Lord
Northcliffe to accept a seat in the Cabl-
net as Minister of Aviation will appear
tomorrow in the British Weekly. EX-
tracts from the article follow:
what is to be chiefly borne in mind
is that Lord Northcliffe has convinced
himself that the war is not going well
for us, that trials of the severest kind
await us and that the end is very far
off. The man who says this Is the ruling
spirit of a number of journals of enor-
nous circulation. Through his represen-
tatives everywhere he has extraordinary
resources for acquiring news. Though
checked by the Press Bureau, his infor.
nation colors his writing"
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-02-11
BERLIN GIVES REASONS
FOR SEA POLICY CHANGE
Say British Merchantmen Are in
Reality Cruisers

BERLIN, Feb, 1l.-Germany is deter
mined TO stop the destruction of its sub
marines by enemy merchant ships armed
Win guns and in reality serving as auXil-
ap cruisers With this purpose it will,
aiier March l. claim the right to torpedo
sihout notice all armed merchant ves-
Ish The ships armed for defense only"
slh be regarded as warships and neutral
'ellens taking passage on such vessels
Fhl DO so at their own peril.
THIS action was decided upon by the
admiralty after 1t had received definite
Flaenee that the British Government has
esuueted masters of such armed ships to
e upon German C-boats.
IN explaining the stand that it has
zen the Admiralty cites 10 cases in
snleh British merchant vessels attacked
'eaman submarines. To establish its
esn mat the armed merchant vessels are
= Ieality auxiliary cruisers the Admiralty
me British Ambassador at Washing
~ on August %, 1914, declared to the
aHerean Secretary of State that the
4nlhs OF British merchantmen is solely
Precautionary measure, adopted for the
-pose OF defense against attack from
.s.s ~ssle eralt And In the same letter as
.1Anees we're given that British mer-
.-Art vessels will never be used for the
s1Pose OF attack; that they are merely
Traders, armed only for defense;
IS. uey VIII never fire unless first fired
6.n sna that they will never under any
+suins'anees attack any vessel"
ae British Government, therefore.
oa mat these armed merchantmen,
ss 'ney never were TO open fire, were
T,s sN IN their legal status from auxii-
~. Hulsers. This, however, Is incom-
80 win British prize court rules and
- eer In council of August ., 1914,
N, y was expressly stated, about ships
n lnIF I nationalitles, that ships OF war
- 'laue an armed merchant Ship
ii sas asl Il was soon proved by the act
4, elauet Of such armed merchantmen
n ,ssy ny attacked without being attacked
~ lhey flew foreign flags.
|am.s. incidents are not casual, but
- ~ .he consequence OF a secret order
az 'he British Admiralty. as proved
- "A s ma, documents found on board
=. - british merchantmen"
|A{ sesinan Government is now publish
~. ,4O'Osraphie reproductions of these
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-02-11
british TO ARM LINERS.
DESPITE GERMAN RULING
London Believes U. S. Will Not Accept
Berlin's Stand


New issues. as grave as those revolv-
M about the sinking of the Lusltania.
. nav arise between the United States and
Me Central Powers, officials here declared
'today, as the result of the German an
'noincement that all enemy armed mcr-
|thantmen will be treated as warships and
'crpedoed without warning after Febru-
IiU 2S
Il was stated on reliable authority to-
lsy that England and her allies under no
circumstances will yield the right. to arm
merchantmen for defensive purposes.
practice recognized by all nations.
. It Is not believed here that the United
|sntes, having already recognized this
right, will change her policy in the mid
Dc Of great war,
Should German or Austrian sub
marine, acting under the new instruc-
lions torpedo without warning and sink
d British or French liner carrying Amer
lean passengers, the United States. it is
believed here, will take prompt and de-
.elslye action.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-02-11
FRENCH ATTACK
FAILS TO REGAIN
VIMY POSITIONS
Germans Hold Captured
Lines Despite Terrific AS
saults and Artillery Fire
TEUTONS LOSE BALLOON

BERLIN, Feb. II.
German troops have repulsed four ef-
forts by the French to regain positions
lost on Nimy heights the War Office an
nounced today. Similar efforts on the
part of the French forces south of the
Somme also resulted In failure, IL is
claimed
The following official report was issued
this afternoon:
Northwest of Vimy the French fol-
lowing artillery preparations that lasted
for several hours. four times attempted
to recapture their lost trenches. The at
tacks failed.
South of the Somme the enemy was
also unable to recapture any part of his
lost positions.
"On the Aisne and in Champagne there
were artillery duels.
"One of our captive balloons escaped
without its crew and drifted over the en-
emy lines at Nnilly."
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-02-11
Britons Cheer WhitIoek,s Pieture

LONDON. Feb ll.-Under the caption.
1.-TWO Distinguished Americans" movie
theatres in London are now showing
pictures of Colonel House and Minister
Brand Whitlock. The crowds display po-
lite interest In Colonel House, but break
into applause when Whitlock's face ap-
pears on the screen. Because of his
efforts to save Nurse Cavell i'm Brussels,
Whitlocl is. perhaps the most popular
American i'm London.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-02-11
AUSTRIANS STRIVE
TO HALT FOE IN GALICIA


ThnIInuFN Irnm ThTc Un'
defcnscs there do not offer the obstacles
that IsccCzko did.
The growing activity in southern Cali
ella Is evidently cooperative campaign
on the part of Russia to help the allies
in the Balkans and to influence Rumania.
The Russians have masscd a great army
supported by tremendous amount of ar
tiIlcry. and fighting east and north of
Bukowina is in progress over a wide
front.
The desperate defense of Czcrnowitz by
the TcutOnic forces, which has cost them
large losses, was dictated by political
rather than stratcGiCal consideration, an
order having been issued TO the troops de-
claring that the fall of Czcrnowitz would
cause The immediate adhercnts of Ru-
mania to the Quadruple Entente.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-02-11
n 8. MAY WARN CITIZENS
AGAINST ARMED LINERS
f.o,lnued from Page One

|feuilnued from Page One
lnIss might be held up indefinitely in
sor through dearth of ships. They ad-
nted they see no way at this time for
n, United states to prevent the Entente
Allies from ordering merchantmen of
Hose natonallties from refusing to take
American cargoes. Retaliation by the
United States, they said, might take the
form Of an agreement among American
Manufacturers to soil no goods to Entente
Allies, not even war munitions, unless
Allied merchant ships were permitted to
tsrry goods consigned to other than home
ports
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-02-11
|BULGARS RAID
'RUMANIAN SOIL,
SWISS REPORT
|uostilities Opened Between
Balkan Neighbors-In-
vaders Reinforced
saIoN1CA TEUToN AIM

LAUSANNE, Feb. ii.
,.,,, napers publish reports that Bull
es w. ,roops have invaded Rumania,
nlns hostilities between the two coun.
a. state that n Bulgarian patrol
.,.s crossed the frontier was immedi.
l.,. ersd upon by Rumanian troops and
~ IVY IN retire. but tnat relnfrorcements
...vsd for the patrol and fighting was re.
nhed
SALONICA, Feb. II.
o..r,.n and Bulgarian troops. massed
~ Greek frontier for the campaign
Wy, saIonica, number l9S.000 men and
w. are arriving daily, according to re-
wv wv s,ode 10 General Sarrail the Allies
vssss',nsnder. by f. anCo- British air scouts.
rAa, informed General Sarrail that lO,
~ rs,mans are ut Monastir, 10000 Bull
a,.n soldiers in the GievEeli region and
isa Germans about Strumnitza.
PARIS. Feb. II.
.rroops Of the Entente Allies continue
,,.aing daily with artillery" says n dis.
p.,.h .ls n the Temps today from Salonica
i.r.td Marshal Won Mackensdn has been
~ onnoslte front since February T.
,other information is that the railway
,.,Avs across the Nardar Mt Kudova has
|bt,n rebuilt. TT. .,.,
aasarian army Is suffering from made.
epate food transport
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-02-11
BRITISH TAKE ACTION
ON AERIAL DEFENSES
Girls School Shelled in Latest
Raid on East Coast
Towns


by the daring air raids of the Germans
and the clamor of the public, the Gov
ornment has decided to take action Ia
strengthen the aerial defenses Of London
and, the east coast.
An important conference was held at
the Admiralty on Thursday, when the
proposal to establish Ministry or AYi'
alton was discussed.
"The first raider appears to have Sc
lected for his target a tramway car full
of women and children. and the first
bomb fell on the road close behind the
car and exploded without damage. The
driver pulled up Immediately and the
passengers allghted. There was no panic,
although the raider could be plainly seen
clrcllng round at n great height, ana
three more bombs were dropped in an
adjoining neld
1.-THE second raider made an attack on
a large girls school. one bomb fell
through the roof and exploded In the
upper story. doing some material damage
Portions of the ceiling fell into the room
below, where a class OF small children
was being held. One little girl was slightly
cut on the foot and maid was slightly
injured,
iThree other bombs fell in the school
grounds, where two exploded without
damage. The third failed to explode. TWO
other bombs were dropped on outlying
parts of the town, causing slight material
damage. woman received some cuts
on the cheek,
within a few minutes of sighting the
hostile aircraft, naval and military aero
planes went in pursuit, bat were unable
to overtake them, owing to the precipltate
nature of their fight''
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1916-02-11

BERLIN, Feb. 1.-THE following official
report on Wednesdays aerial raid against
the English coast was issued at the
Admiralty today under date of Thursday:
"Our naval aeroplanes yesterday after
noon dropped bombs on the harbor, fac
tories and batteries at Ramsgate."
The American Jewish world. [volume] (Minneapolis ;) 1915-current, 1916-09-22
THE JEWISH OLD MAID
Celia Silbert in The American Jewish Chronicle.

are no Jewish old maids. A current
saying has it that sooner or later
every Jewish girl marries To ascer-
tain the truth of this statement one
must learn the significance of tho
expression "Old Maid' and then see
in how far it can be applied to such
JeWesses as are unmarried.
The term old maid is generally un-
derstood to mean a woman who never
has been married. Since numbers Of
unmarried women of varying ages
can be found in every walk of life
and every field of endeavor, we must
determine just where the dividing
line is, or rather to determine when
woman ceases to be young maid and
when people begin to look upon her
as an old maid. CHANGING through
the records at the Marriage License
Bureau, one observes that most
women marry when they are between
the ages of eighteen and thirty years
old, SO that we may fairly assume
that the age of thirty-fve is the age
that marks the dividing line. That
there are Jewesses thirty-fve years
of age and over who have not been
married and who in all probability
will remain unmarried can be verified
by consulting reliable heads of
schools, social institutions and labor
industries. This then would lead us
to conclude that there are Jewish old
maids, but this is not conclusive, for
the term old maid is term that can
not justly be applied to the unmarried
Jewess for the reason that that which
prompted the non Jewish woman to
remain unmarried did not prompt the
JeWess to remain unmarried.
Although the Jewish woman and
the non Jewish woman who never
married are the victims of circum-
stances, the circumstances and the TN
DERIVING causes that kept them from
marrying are vastly different. One
of the chief causes instrumental in
keeping the non Jewish woman TN
married had an opposite effect on the
Jewess, causing her to marry. The
non-Jewish woman inspired by sense
of Christian duty deemed it neces-
sary to sacrifice her life whenever
she was called upon to care for
others. Not SO the Jewish woman;
the sense of duty that inspired her
urged the fulflment of her life and
she deemed it necessary to marry in
order to found a family
It is this sense of self-sacri6ce that
inspired the old maid system, which
became an established sort of institu-
ton among non-Jews until recent