davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Gunnison news-champion., 1916-12-29
EXPOSURE TO SUMS RAYS
AFFECTS PLANT GROWTH

W. W. Robbins, Colorado Agricul.
tural College, Fort Collins Colorado:
By exposure is meant direction Of
slope. For example, north exposure
faces north. The effect of exposure at
high attitudes is much greater than at
low attitudes. The intensity of sun
light is distinctly affected by exposure,
and also, by degree of slope. A given
area of soil or plant surface that is at
right angles to the direction of the of
rays of light will receive much more
heat than one upon which the suns
rays fall obliquely. The effect of ex-
posure is seen in the marked differ
ences between the native vegetation on
adjacent north and south exposures.
The greater light intensity on the south
exposure not only results in a warmer,
but drier. habitat than occurs on The
neighboring north exposure. Thruout
Colorado, there are many locally warm
spots, and warm strips" surrounded
by cooler districts. Such locally warm
areas owe their higher Temperatures to
the Typography of the land. The great
effect of exposure, especially at high
suggests the need of great
care in the selection of sites for differ
ent agricultural purposes.
Gunnison news-champion., 1916-12-29
OFFICERS OF MASONIC
ORDERS FOR 1917

News Champion published two weeks
ago the officers for 1917, of Gunnison
Lodge No. 80 A. F. & A. NJ. Officers
Of the remaining Masonic orders have
also been selected rs follows:
Gunnison Chapter, No. l6 Royal Arch
Masons. e. NJ Nourse, E. H. P; T.
w Gray. K; 4. E. Hyzer. s.; H. NJ
Webster. Treas. John A. Steele, Sec.
H. C. Bartlett, c. H.; J. d. Walker,
p. S.: c. II. Cowan, r. A. c.; j. II.
Rowland. NJ. Sd "; r. N. Teachout,
N. ID "; S. P. Spencer, NJ. lst v.
Louie NJ. Nance, Sent.
Gunnison Commsndery. No Knights
Templsr. j. d. Walker, E. c.; A. E.
Hyzer, Gen.; T. W. Gray. C. c.; R. N.
Teschout, S. W.; C. H. Cowan, J. W;
S. P. Spencer Treas. John A. Steele,
Rec; E. NJ. Nourse. Prel.; H. C. Bart
lett. ST. Bearer; J. II Rowland, Swd.
Br.; H. NJ. Webster, War; J. F. Pear
son. c. Of G.
Wsunita Chapter. No. 81 o. E. S.
Marjorie McDermott, W. NJ; F. P.
Hanson. w. p; Alice Eastman, Sec'y. ;
Matte A Van AIKEN. A. M; A. NJ.
Thomas, Tyler; E. J. Sampliner. Treas /;
RenA B. Robinson, c.; Ella Miller, A.
C.
Gunnison news-champion., 1916-12-29

Montrose Enterprise:-Irrigated pas.
lures have proven very satisfactory on
the Reclamation projects. Mr.. F. D.
Farrell has recently issued a bulletin
on the management and results obtain
ed on the Northern Reclamation prof.
ects. This bulletin is full of valuable
information. 1t is free for the asking.
The local office at Montrose has a lin
tied supply of these bulletines which
will be given to the farmers upon re-
quest.
Gunnison news-champion., 1916-12-29

n , ~ rSsssss sids = 4,
psiess Ab~s ~ ~ II. RseA
- PsAssesd hsseso"nsssase.
O-yss - Fsakss vhae h neaw
6aakias Psf.ss 49, = -
OSsW 0ino.
Gunnison news-champion., 1916-12-29
e. e. MueIler's
YOUNG MEN CHARGED
WITH HORSE STEAL|RG
|MPl|CATE DELTA DEALER
N0ntrose Press

Charles Scott and Arthur Noah. two
Young men who have been living on the
Joe Lewis place on High mesa, are IN
the Montrose county Jail awaiting trisI
on a charge Of stealing livestock.
Charles Sewall, a horse dealer at De-
ia, Is in the county Jail at Delta charg-
ed with being AT accessory.
According to the confession Of Scott
and Noah, they were getting ready to
do land Office business. Sheriff Gill
states that on December, the men ad-
nit they stole valuable horse from
Frank Cerney. the horse being pastured
at that time on the Lewis ranch. The
horse was led TO Delta in the night and
placed in Sewall's barn. later being sod
to him for $40.
According to the signed confession of
Scott and Noah, Sheriff Gill suys they
were told by Sewall that he would buy
every horse they stole and that he would
pay them 30 per cent of the price re-
celved when a sale to dealers was
brought about
Following the theft of the Carney
horse. the two men. on December sth,
stole bay mare belonging to Louis
Wright, while few days later roam
belonging to Wallace Newton disappear
ed. Sewall, it is alleged, sold the ami
mails to Rubey Bros. of Pueblo. who
caused an investigation to be made by
reason Of the cheapness of the animals.
Gunnison news-champion., 1916-12-29
CONSERVE YOUR IRRIGATION
WATER BY CULTIVATION
Experiments in California Show
Twenty-si1 Per Cent Of Loss
BY Evaporation May
Be Saved
Colorado AgrT. College

The following experiments may be Of
interest TO Colorado farmers. They were
carried on in Californis and the object
Of the experiment was TO determine as
nearly as possible the amount of irriga-
ton water that could be saved by means
Of cultivation. The experiment 10 de-
termins this effect were made so as TO
approach ordinary field conditions and
practice as nearly as possible.
An irrigation amounting TO six inches
in depth Of water was applied to the
surface Of the soil and allowed to sink
into it IL took from ak TO twenty-four
hours to accomplish this. depending up
on the character of the soil From one
to four days after the water had been
applied, the fields were cultivated and
a second cultivation Was applied two
weeks later. The total average evApo-
ration loss in twenty-eight days from
uncultivated soil was 2 II inches or IS
per cent Of the water applied, and il
was found that cultivation saved 26 per
cent Of this lot.
During our dry summers in Colorado
when our irrigation supply is short, this
saving of the 26 per cent of the evapo-
ration loss may often turn failure into
success for that season. Ii is therefore
well worth remembering by the aver
age farmer in Colorado.
Gunnison news-champion., 1916-12-29
Stopped Chiidren's Group Cough

Three weeks ago two of my children
began checking and coughing, and
saw that they were having an attack OF
Group" writes Billie Mayberry. Ecker,.
Ga. Il got bottle of Foley Honey and
Tar and gave them a dose before bed
time and soon their cough stopped and
they fell asleep. Next morning their
cough and all signs nf Group was gone. y
Foley Honey and Tar is standard low,
remedy for colds, bronchitis. la grippe
Canaday's Drug Store, DR.. Walker.
Prop.
Gunnison news-champion., 1916-12-29
IS THE ROAD YOU LIVE
BY A 5000 ONE ?
Reclamation Record

Reclamation Record
The man who wrote the famous line,
Let me live in a house by the side of
the road" had in mind, of course, q
good road No man can be cheerful and
neighborly; no man can be really good
citizen if he lives in a house by the side
of neglected road. The men who pass
his place cant be cheerful
How is the road at your farm Mr.
Farmer?
Gunnison news-champion., 1916-12-29
"ooaias Msekss;es sffsvs - Sesoisass
% not join In ''eisSSiss sffsss.' -

Winter ha- closed in TX.
but the Forest Hill mine is prepared to
run through the season, and if roads
get to bad for shipment via Spring creek
and Almont. the ore and concentrates
will be stored until spring About
seventeen men are employed at the
mine and mill, in addition to the force
of teamsters.
Gunnison news-champion., 1916-12-29
Stationery Proposals

Notice is hereby given that the Boarc
OF County Commissioners Of the Count,
OF Guunison will receive bids for supply
ing said county for the year 1871 with A.
% oooSs, stAt,o9ety. pens INK yPewrit,hn.
County for use during said time. SealeC
proposals may be filed with the clerk OF
said Board on or before January second
lgii.
Dated December :. 1916
ROY S. LOBDELL, Clerk.
First Published Dec. :. 1915.
Last published Dec. -, 1915.
Gunnison news-champion., 1916-12-29

Mrs. J. L. Reed of Pueblo arrived
Saturday noon and spent Christmas with
her sister. Miss Eva Jane Crossman.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1916-09-22

business women's club and are 10 have
gymnasium. Bible study and current
events study.
The Office department will be kept
busy with many calls Of the different
departments. Memberships may be
paid at any time. and the prompt pay
ment Of renewals will be appreciated.
II is hoped to enlarge the employment
and room directory. which has been
carried during the last pear by Mrs.
MCGEE. and will continue to be so.
Any one who may have rooms TO rent,
either furnished or unfurnished may
be helped to find tenants by register
ing the name and address at the assoc
iatlon. Also any one looking for
rooms may find suitable ones by re-
ferring TO the association files. The
employment department will be open
to assist in placing young women in
various kinds of employment, and wili
be ready to receive names Of persons
or places needing young women. Miss
Thompson, the general secretary, may
be called upon 10 assist in any way
in making the association best serve
the young women of the community.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1916-09-22
DR.. WOOFTER is KILLED
AT THE WESTON FAIR
Prominent Citizen of Weston is
Run Over by a Railroad
Train.

WESTON. Sept. 22.-Dr A. j.
Woofter, prominent physician OF Wes-
ton and vice president OF the First
National Bank here, was run down
and killed by a Baltimore and Ohio
railroad train at the new Bendale
fair grounds, two miles from this city,
at o'clock Thursday while he
was mingling among the crowds at
tending the last days meeting Of the
Lewis county fair.
J DR.. Woofter was crossing the rail-
road tracks in the rear of train
that was being operated between
Weston and the fair grounds when 1t
backed against him. knocked him
down and ran over him. One leg
was cut off and other injuries were
inflicted. his death resulting within
few minutes.
The victim was 6S years old. Sur
viving him are his widow and one
daughter, Mrs. George Kitson, the
wife Of the mayor of Weston.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1916-09-22
PIONEER
Resident Of the City, Peter
Price, Passes On after Illness
of Heart rheumatism.

Peter Price, aged "a, one Of the pio-
neer residents of the city. died at 10:2 20
o'clock Wednesday night Of rheuma-
tism of the heart at the home of his
brother, James, SOB East Pike street,
where he lived. The funeral services
will be conducted from the Church OF
the Immaculate Conception at Q
o'clock Saturday morning and inter-
ment will he in Holy Cross cemetery.
The deceased man was born in Ire
land and came to this country when a
youth and made his home here. He
was one of the best known residents OF
the county and was held in the highest
esteem by all who knew him. The news
of his death was a shock to his thous-
ands of friends in this section.
The brother. James, with whom he
lived, is the only surviving relative OF
the immediate family.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1916-09-22
BROADDlJS
Institute at PhiIippi Opens Its
Fall Term with a Large
Attendance.

PHHILIPPI. Sept. 22.-Broaddus
Scientific Institute opened Its fall
term here this week with the largest
registration in the history of the
school. according to all reports. Ey-
cry train both north and southbound
for the last FIVE days, has been crowd
ed with students until all available
space on the hill has been taken.
The corps of teachers has been
rounded out and the curriculum en-
larged for this year and all are on
hand ready to start active work.
The exact number OF students reg
lstered is not available at present, but
1t is thought by some than 1t will be
between 275 and 500 when the full
quota arrives.
Whether or not the institution will
support a football team this fall Is
question. There seems to be good
looking material but NO schedule has
been made out but the probability is
that one can yet be arranged II a
team is decided upon.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1916-09-22
Various Forms
OF Headache

1T is necessary in order TO treat head
aches properly TO understand the causes
which produce the affection" says DR.. j. W.
Ray, of Blockton, Ala. Continuing, he says,
Physicians cannot even begin the treat
ment of a disease without knowing what
causes give rise to 1t, and we must remem.
Der that headache is to be treated accord
ing to the same rule. We must not only be
particular to give a remedy intended to
counterfeit the cause which produces the
headache, but we must also give a remedy
10 relieve the pain until the cause OF the
trouble has been removed. To answer this
purpose, anti.kamnia tablets will be found
o most convenient and satisfactory remedy.
one tablet every one to three hours gives
comfort and rest in the most severe cases
headaches Of women.D
When We have patient subject 10 regular
attacks OF sick headache, we should caution
him to keep his bowels regular, for which
nothing is better than "Actoids," and when
he feels the least sign Of an oncominR at
tack, he should take two AK Tablets, Such
patients should always be Instructed 10
carry few antl-knmnla tablets, so as to
have them ready for instant use. These
tablets are prompt In action and can DO
depended on to produce relief IN q very
few minutes. Ask for AK Tablets.
Antt.kamnia tablets at all druggists.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1916-09-22
Realizing Dream.

The dream OF the new headquar-
tiers for the Young Woman's Christ
ian Association is being realized as
carpenters, plumbers and electricians
are now completing their work making
ready for the equipment of the associ-
alton to be installed. This all takes
so much time that the expectation Is
now that the second week IN octooer
shall De Young woman Ghrlstldh
Association week ana the Tune wneh
the new headquarters VIII be READY lot
enjoyment. Every one IN Siarksours
VINO is at all interested IN the asSocla-
tion VIII want 70 snare ~ tne nouse
M1 .,, u,iue plost",u 'i'iO"NN ''''
WIN DC maui 'a'et.
Many OF the activities OF the com
ing year VIII center around lhe Gym
nasium. where all the run ana recrea-
ton possible viii be enjoyed. me
gymnasium viii be well equipped ana
classes Will be open at all times con-
venient for employed women, nome
women and girls and children. Ihefe
will also be times arranged Tor basket
ball games, play evenings ana irollc3
Of various kinds. MISS DAVIS inc
physical director, VIII be giad 70 ialE
with anyone interested in the physical
training classes.
Ii is expected to have popular
cafeteria, where the public will be
served with good wholesome food at
as reasonable prices as the cost OF
materials will allow.
c,os.cs ar various kinds viii he
r,,.,,rd &C M demand calls for II is
~, ny ., q" r, ~. sowing home making
HOOK review current events English,
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1916-09-22
BRYAN
IS Touring the State Of Wyo-
ming Now in Behalf of
President Wilson.

ROCK SPRINGS. Wyo., Sept. 22.-
William j. Bryan, former secretary Of
state, started Thursday on his second
days tour Of Wyoming in support Of
President Wilson and the Democratic
ticket with the program calling for a
number OF speeches. Mr.. Bryan speak
ing here Wednesday night appealed
for the reelection of President Wilson
on the ground that Mr.. Wilson had
kept the United States out OF war with
Europe and Mexico.
Mr.. Bryan declared the Republican
party has been "unscrupulous in It's
methods for votes for women in suf-
frage states" He warned the Demo-
cratic women TO beware of Republican
"trickery."
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1916-09-22
LYNCHIMG
Bee Takes Place When AC-
Cused Murderer is Hanged
10 Telephone Pole.

OLATHE, Kan, Sept. 22.-Bert
Dudley, charged with the murder Of
Henry Muller. an aged German, and
his wife. was taken from the Johnson
county jail here Thursday by mask
ed mob and hanged to telephone
pole.
The Mob came to Olathe In motor
cars. supposedly from near stillwell,
where Muller had lived. Sheriff Lon
Carroll refused to give up Dudley and
the mob overpowered him. They
then battered down three jail doors.
Several shots we're fired but none
was injured.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1916-09-22
RiUals-Her Daughter
in Youthful Beauty

A well-known society matron whoEe
youthful beauty is so well preserved that
she is regarded as her daughters rival in
this respect-though she does not pose as
such-attributes her girllsh complexion
chiefly to two things. She says:
Il am convinced that many cosmetics
by overlooking the skin and pores, tend to
age the complexion. Mercolized wax has
Just the opposite effect It keeps the pores
clean, permitting them to breathe, and
removes dead particles OF cuticle which
are constantly appearing and which give
the complexion that aged look. When
ever my skin begins to get the least bit
on-color, muddy or faded, / go to my
druggists for an ounce Of mercolized
wax apply this nightly. like cold cream,
ior a week or SO, washing 1t of mornings.
This is what keeps my complexion so
fresh, white and velvety.
The absence OF wrinkles and fiabbiness
j owe to the use OF simple face bath
prepared by dissolvlng one ounce Of pow
aered saxoiite In 2 half pint witch hazel.
Social Reglstey,
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1916-09-22
.O'TOOLE CASE
IS THROWN OUT
BY THE COURT
Democratic Judges Decision
Breaks Up Nice Plot Of
Chiffon and Others.

HUNTINGTON, Sept. 22.--ln district
court Thursday the demurrer 10 the
indictment against General Edward
O'Toolc, Of Governor Hataclds stan,
and nineteen others for conspiracy In
the June primary election In Mcdowell
county was sustained
The decision announced in written
opinion by Judge Charles a. Wood, OF
the United States circuit court OF ap-
pcals, holds that the federal govern
ment has never undertaken TO exercise
control over the methods of selection
Of candidates for nomination by politi-
cal parties and that the right TO be a
candidate does not arise under the fed
eral consultation or laws, The deCis-
ion means the case will not come to
trial unless an appeal is taken TO the
federal appellate court
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1916-09-22
DISASTER
Ends Three Voyages All Begun
on Friday Says Captain
BirniI.

BOSTON, Eept %. Captain
George Brine of the Portland
schooner Lucia Porter. arrived here
Thursday from Gibraltar with six
members Of his crew aboard the
steamship Cretic, and reported that
his vessel had been abandoned 600
miles west of the Azores.
Disaster has ended my last three
voyages" Captain Birnie said. Il
began them all on Friday because /
thought that superstition was a
dream. Now / have decided that |
will never sail again II l have to
start on that day"
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1916-09-22
Visitors Meeting.

Quite number Of ladies' attended
visitors meeting of the Narcissus
club Wednesday afternoon at the home
of Mrs. w Eshenfelder in North.
view. Fancy work was the diversion
Of the afternoon, and some beautiful
piano solos were rendered by Miss
Leah Caussin and Mrs. Harry Leu.
liette. AT o'clock the guests were
invited into the dining room where a
dainty buffet luncheon was served BY
the hostesses, Mrs. A. w. Eshenfelder
Mrs. Harry Leuliette and Mrs. A. NAL
fregeot.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1916-09-22
TO STAY
On the Border Are All Those
Guardsmen, Who Desire
to Do So.
a. AsseelArtn snEse,

SAN ANTONIO, Sept. 22.-The re-
quest of 500 members of the New
York Second infantry to remain on
border duty after they have been or
dered home resulted Thursday in an
announcement by General Funston
that guardsmen who wished to stay
could transfer to other regiments, re,
leasing men who wanted to return
to their homes.
Three Pennsylvania regiments soon
will be released by the arrival at the
border of a similar number OF North
Carolina regiments.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1916-09-22
TRAINED GANDER AID TO
POLICEMAN IN ST. LOUIS

ST. LOUIS. NO.. Sept. 22.-Pollct
Sergeant David Field tells how Joe, a
trained gander, follows Patrolman JOS
eph Horn on his beat from Lee to Car
ter avenue and Fair to Newstead ave-
nue..
Horn, according to the sergeant, won
the gander at a street carnival rattle
about year ago, and has trained 1t
to accompany him on his rounds. Field
said that when Horn wants to rout
IAN alley gang he sicks the gander on
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1916-09-22
CLUBS BEING ORGANIZED.

Reports coming to Republican state
headquarters here from all parts OF
the state are to the effect that the
work Of organizing Hughes and Young
Mems Republican clubs Is progressing
rapidly in every county. Officials at
state headquarters expressed them
selves as being well pleased with the
progress OF the work.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1916-09-22
ONE KILLED
And Several Other Persons Are
Injured When a Train Hits
an Automobile.
,By ASSOCIATED pprss,

CAMBRIDGE SPRINGS. Pa, Sept.
Wise, special officer Of the
Erie railroad, was killed; Gilbert
Daniels and Mrs. Abraham Yucum, OF
Townville, Pa, were perhaps fatally
injured, and four other persons were
badly hurt when an automobile was
struck by an Erie railroad train here
Thursday. The automobile carrying
the party stopped on the crossing,
and Wise was trying to push II from
the tracks when the crash came.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1916-09-22
PRESIDENT
of Weston Fair is Badly Beaten
by Negro on the Fair
Grounds.
LslIelA. % 10 rtllaaAAl

WESTON, Sept. Harvey Hall,
president OF the Lewis County Fair
Association and president of the Cit
liens Bank Of Weston. was attacked
and terribly beaten by negro Thurs
day at the Bcndalc fair grounds,
where the last days meeting OF the
annual Lewis county fair was being
held.
Mr.. Hall suffered several serious
wounds and cuts. He was rushed to
Doctors office in this city to have his
injuries dressed.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1916-09-22
WORKS LONG TIME WITHOUT
VACATION; NAME is BEAN

CHICAGO. Sept 22.-Aftcr forty
nine years OF continuous service with
the New York Central lines as an
engineer, Joseph p. Bean is now en-
joying his first vacation. He has been
retired on pension, and declares
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1916-09-22
ADMINISTRATIVE QUALITIES.

Margaret A. Wetherall has quail
fed as Administrative Of the estate
of Joseph F. Wetherall with bond at
$500 and James H. Burlington surety.
H. V. Tichenal. F. NJ. Melcose and
James H. Burlington were appointed
to appraise the estate.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1916-09-22
Cnnn WIN Meet.

There will be regular meeting Of
Northcott Camp, No. 574S, Modern
Woodmen OF America, Friday even
ing at 8 o'clock. There will be inlti-
alton of candidates after which So
cial session will be held. The new
camp at Bridgeport has been invited
and will be present in full strength.
All members are urged to be present.
a recent business visitor to the city.
tCnptinued on moo 81
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1916-09-22
DROPS DEAD.


CINCINNATI, Sept. 22.-wright
Huntington. actor, playwright and
theatrical manager, who has been APP
pearing in a prediction at a local
theater this week. dropped dead here
Thursday. He vas so years Of age.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1916-09-22
ABANDON CONTEST.


PEORIA, ILL.,. Sept. 22.-Fear
OF the spread of the epidemic of
infantiie paralysis through cen
trail Illinois led directors of
the National Implement and
Vehicle Show Association
Thursday to abandon plans for
the better babies contest held
annually in connection with the
show. The fair opens septem-
Der 26 and continues until oc-
tober z.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1916-09-22

there will never bo in his case any
of that fiction which pictures an old
engineer frctting to get back into the
cab.
~ am Just as happy to be out OF
a job as | was 10 get ono nearly fifty
years ago" he said.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1916-09-22

President Poincaire, Of France, has
made collection OF photographs Of
English soldiers who have won the
Victoria cross.
The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926, 1916-09-22
SOCIALISTS ARRESTED.


LONDON, Sept. 22.-The
wireless press gave out Thurs
day a despatch from Zurich,
saying $50 Socialists were ar
rested in Berlin on the ground
that they were concerned in
agitation against the war. Al
though over military age they
are said to have been sent to
the front,
!, {. : = &, z & !. y /. !. = i. &