The sun., 1916-10-19
THE TYPE OF SUBMARINE THIS Ma.
TON NEEDS AND MUST HAVE.
The Most Important Of Naval Questions Discussed by an Expert,

The submarine il probably the most
talked about yet least understood OF
all the weapons of modern naval war.
Great things have been claimed for
IL: some have been more than realized.
but as a substitute for the battlcship
and battle cruiser too great conn
dencc must not be placed In n type or
warship that relies always on stealth
to accomplish its ends. II is n weapon
Of opportunity. In the hands OF
highly scientific and daring men aston
ishing results have already been
achieved. and We may expect to hear
still further from 1t.
Until the merchant submarine
Deutschland arrived In Baltimore
with u precious cargo of dyestuH,
highly sought by the American mar
kets, such an exploit was considered
by many highly visionary. The sur
prise was almost as great when the
wal submarine t-53 quietly steamed
into Newport harbor and anchored
among our d~cstroyers.
Why such surprise in the country
that had originated the modern sub
marine? Why had not Holland and
Lake showed us the way to build a
vessel as capable? The answer must
be sought in the field Of Government
policy. II the Government had de-
sired such a type Of submarine, could
Il have been built in this country?
In America We have been led to
believe that "A submarine is a type Of
warship incapable Of acting at great
distance from a base of supplies. This
le.ief has been strengthened by the
many casualties that have occurred
with engines and batteries. the two
sources of motive power. Also as our
Government policy has been toward
a great number of small vessels,
therefore the endurance of the per-
sonnet and the limited fuel and food
supply have tended toward limiting
the distance to which our submarines
could safely go and return.
The naval officers Of the German
navy. who. by the way. decide. through
the Admiralty STAFF. and not the
Rcichstao, approaching the insur-
mountablc difficulties in the way of
being able to command the sea against
Great Britain and her allies. recog-
nized in the submarine the one
weapon TO do incalculablc harm 10
their enemies. They foresaw that the
submarine for this work must be
capable of dispensing with its base
for long periods of time. Germany
could count on no bases for her war
ships outside of her home territory.
The chosen detectives for the sub
marine were the attack on enemy
warships and to limit the valuable
control Of communications which 10Y
permits the Allies to obtain war sup
plies from neutral countries across
the seas, To transport their troops 10y
water from n war area TO another
and from their colonies To the battle
fields of Europe.
For these important functions a
submarine Of considerable displace-
ment and radius Of action became
necessary. To limit the radius of ac-
ton Of submarines for this duty was
to put in jeopardy the safe return o.
the undersca boat.
Germany used Easolcne on.
zines in It's submarines. That coun-
try was the birthplace Of the Diese'
engine. and il is through the marvel
lous development OF this engine thai
success in submarine warfare has re.
suited.
To realize the radius Of actor
which increased displacement mad,
possible, an engine capable of constant
running at high speeds was needed
Reliability was the goal aimed at. fol
repairs could no; hc effected Will
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