davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-08-01
THE nURAL-sCHooL TERM.

The lack of equal privileges for the
farm boy and the farm girl, as is
pointed out by ]. L. McBrien. school
extension agent of the United States
bureau of education, in another of his
papers on the rural school problem
as compared with the school privi-
leges provided for the city boy and
the city girl. in length of school term,
In equipment in professional supervi-
sion, and in the qualification of teach
ers are injustices that might have to
be tolerated in a despotism but are
Determinations that should have no
place in a government of the people,
by the people, and for the people
And the length of the school term
is one of the rankest Determinations
ir the nations public school policy.
To get clear understanding of this
question it is necessary to distinguish
between the theoretical or possible
rural school term and the actual
school term.
By the theoretical or possible rural
school term is meant the legal rural
school term. that is, the time school
is legally kept open to all rural pupils
who may desire to attend school in
any one year.
But by actual school term is meant
the actual time, on the average, that
all rural pupils enrolled on the school
register actually attend school during
the year. And the difference is so
considerable as to challenge the ear
nest attention of all state school au-
thorities and educators, and parents
also.
In theory, the North Atlantic states
have a rural school term of 1877 days.
but in practice. because of the poor
average daily attendance. the actual
rural school term is less than 100 days.
In theory, in the South Atlantic
states it is 1875 days, but in practice,
because of the poor average daily at
tendance, it is less than 80 days.
! In theory, in the south central
states. the rural school term is 117.6
days, but in practice. because of poor
average daily attendance. 1t Is only
IS days.
| In theory, in the north central
days, but in practice, because of the
poor average daily attendance. it is
only 100 days.
In theory, in the western states. the
rural school term is las days, but in
practice, because Of poor average
daily attendance, it is only 101.5 days.
1t must be remembered, also, that
these figures deal only with the aver
age length of the rural school term as
based on the enrolment OF pupils in
rural schools.
No attempt is made to take into
consideration the large number of ru-
raj pupils who should have been en-
rolled but who were not because of a
lax enforcement of compulsory at
tendance laws or an entire lack of
such laws, or on account of ignorant
| or selfish parents who keep their
children out of school for the purpose
Of coming their own flesh and blood
into a few paltry dollars-or worse
still, allow their children to grow up
in idleness and ignorance
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-08-01

ghetti cooked and drained; one can
tomatoes. three sweet peppers. three
medium sized onions ground, paprika
to taste, one teaspoon salt. Put all
together and cook one hour. Just
before taking from fire add one can
kidney beans.
Tomato Jelly-One tablespoon gela-
tin, one-fourth cup cold water, one cup
stewed and strained tomato, one
fourth teaspoon salt, other seasoning
if desired. Soak gelatin in cold water
till softened, add hot tomato and sea-
soning. Pour into small molds and
chill thoroughly. When ready to serve,
turn on lettuce leaves. Garnish with
olives or pickles. Serve with mayon-
naise dressing.
Nut Bread-Four cups flour eight
teaspoons baking powder, one tea
spoon salt, 1 Y cups milk. one cup
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-08-01

1t had rained and rained until it
seemed as though there could be no
more water left up in the clouds
every drop must have fallen to the
earth in the last three days! And
still it rained more, and more. and
more.
All the little boys and girls were so
tired wearing rubbers and the grown
folks were fretful and the days seemed
twenty hours long. The garden crea-
lures were all hungry, because it was
really too wet to hunt food, and every
body wished and wished and wished
that the dear old sun would shine.
And still it rained.
Il don't see how we are going to
stand it minute longer" grumbled
Old Man Owl Grossly.
whats that?" asked Mrs. Billy
Robin in surprise. Are you awake
this time of day, Mr. Owl 2"
awake this time of day?" grum-
HE'D the owl. Tell me how a per-
SON is to sleep-that's what I would
Iike to know! I've been awake for
all of two days, and I'm hungry and
cross and sleepy. SO there.
Yes, Mr. Owl, 1 see-so there,
agreed Mrs. Billy good-naturedly.
well, you needn't talk that way
about 1t then" retorted the owl; you
can at least be polite"
Hes Just trying to pick a quarrel;
don't answer him unless you want to
fight" whispered Billy wisely. So
Mrs Billy didn't make any reply. She
lust went on fussing at her feathers
as though she was too very, very busy
to talk even IL she wanted to- That
was the wisest thing she could do. you
see. for the owl couldn't get offended
nor could he fight her then.
He watched her carefully for few
minutes and then he remarked. You
don't seem much depressed By this
weather, Mrs. Billy. Now I'm sensi-
tiye-I Just can't stand so much rain"
TOO bad said Mrs Billy kindly:
she was quite willing to talk to the
lonesome OWL if ne was willing TO be
pleasant in his conversation. NO, I'm
tired of rain, but l don't really mind
so much, because it's SO nice when it's
all over"
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-08-01

chopped nuts one-half cup sugar, one
egg. Sift we'll tofether ingredients.
reserving a little flour. Add egg we'll
beaten. add milk. beating mixture
thoroughly; sift flour over chopped
nuts and stir into mixture. Place in
creased bread pan. Bake in moder-
ate oven forty-five minutes to one
hour. Chopped raisins, dates or figs
may be substituted for nuts.
Philadelphia Jumbles-Two cups
sugar. one cup butter. eight eggs
beaten light; essence bitter almond:
enough flour to enable you to roll
them out. Stir the sugar and butter
to a light cream. then add the WE'LL
whipped eggs. the flavoring and flour:
mix well together, roll out in a sheet
one-fourth inch thick; cut into rings
and bake in a quick oven on buttered
tins.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-08-01

Nor will Germany's persistence in
endeavoring to blame the beginning of
the war on others help her in any way
10 win it. Neither is the responsible
ity for bringing on the war a very
important or essential question these
days. It is rather ancient history and
has no bearing at all on the European
situation of today. The big question
now is as to which side of the Euro
pean beIligerents will end the war and
when.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-08-01

few traditions of courtliness. scant
reminders that noblesse oblige, and but
scattered memories of inherited re-
sponsibilities- The sempiternal dollar
will still dominate. One generation
was too busy collecting and the other
Will be too busy spending. The second
generation offers no promise. and the
third but little. The fourth will prob
ably open a new and finer cycle.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-08-01

A freight car shortage. ard Kansas
is said to be threatened with an acute
one for the immediate future. is a big
bother to many folk and to the finan-
cial disadvantage of some of them,
but, on the other hand. it usually
spells a general prosperity for the
country. So there is considerable
salve in it for the sore it occasions.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-08-01

Possibly there is this much for
which to be thankful The longest
days of the year have been out of the
running for some time. and the sun is
therefore setting a little earlier than
it would if those days were now on
the carpet. But the trouble is that it
hasn't seemed to cool off very much
around here lately even after the sun
has gone down.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-08-01
MEMBER:
Associated Press
Audit Bureau of Calculations.
American Newspaper Publishers
Association.
HOME NEWS WHILE AWAY.

Subscribers of the State journal away
from home during the summer may nave
address at the rate of ten cents n week or
thirty cents q month (bX mall only. Ad-
dress changed ms often desired. While
Qua Of town the State journal VIII be to
Won like a daily letter from home.
Advance payment Is requested ON these
short time subscriptions. to save bOokkeep-
arg expenses.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-08-01

This is primary day, and. as is usu-
ally the case. there will be hordes of
erstwhfle candidates for nomination
for this and that office who will
Awaken on Wednesday morning to a
realization of the painfully distressing
fact that there are apparently large
numbers of good folk who do not vote
as they talk. or perhaps. as they were
understood to talk.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-08-01
HOUSEHOLD HINTS
Berry Pudding.

One cup flour. one-half teaspoon
salt, one heaping teaspoon baking
powder, sweet milk 10 make a soft
dough. Roll out one-half inch In
thickness, spread thickly with either
raspberries or blackberries, roll, put
in Toured cheese cloth, steam one
hour. Serve with sweetened cream,
Favored with grated nutmeg
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-08-01

1T means war-on q scale never before dreamed
Of. Austria has builied Serbia to the limit OF
DURANGO She robbed her o; part the fruits of
the last Balkan She bluffed her of Bosnia
and Herzegovina, and H she gets away with this
blur the influence of Russia In the Bclkans won't
be worth Russia can't permit Austria
succeed In this attack Serbian Slavism and
Serbian sovereignty II Austria fights Serbia Rus
STA will Tight Austria And then the whole
tinent will be involved"
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-08-01

Mrs. Billy laughed. THE eatine,s
SO nice when at last the rain is over"
she explained. There never are such
fine worms as just after a shower.
and after a three-day rain-they're
wonderful"
Come herei Come here, Come
here. called Billy from the front
walk Mrs Billy stopped fixing her
Yes, actually the rain had ceased a-,d
Billy was out there eating already
nothing slow about Billy. She
cnlrped polite good bye'' To fine
sleepy owl, who was settling into a
nap, and flew down beside Billy ~ eat
her share of the fine worrna tbat
strewed the top of the walk. No
wonder robins don't mind rain--,,o
wonder'-tcopyrish Inxram
Judson.1 10
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-08-01

mo. do not anticipate anything serious. Per-
haps . few days OF extreme tension and then the
ztfaculty will be adjusted. AS for general Euro
pean war, the idea is preposterous-unthinkable.
No nation could afford Tor an instant.
It would upset the whole world"
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-08-01

It's to be wondered if the folk who
were so keen to have the backbone of
last winter broken are finally salts
fled.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-08-01

Date Pudding That Will Keep for
Weeks-Two eggs, one-half cup sugar,
one cup nut meats, one pound dates,
two tablespoons sifted flour. Beat
eggs and sugar together. Break nut
meats in small pieces. Remove, seeds
from dates. Mix all ingredients to-
gether Bake in square pans Care
must be taken in baking, as it burns
easily To be eaten with hard sauce
This makes a small pudding.
Chile Mack-One pound ground
steak cooked tender in 4 generous
piece of butter; half package spa
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-08-01
Preserve for Meats.

Peel and quarter four large or
anges ard take out the seeds. Add
two pints of red raspberries, two
thirds pound of seedless raisins and
one quart of currants. Mix together,
and the same amount of sugar and
cook until thick.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-08-01

"The situation most cerioua The murder OF
the archduke the last straw aftor years OF
disorder and affronts aimed Austria Serbia must
be Inundated else accept punishment Other
wise Austrian prestige in the Balkans would suffer
q complete collapse Austria will not arbitrate tbs
murder Of her crown prince. The whole situation
Is charged with intrigue and politics, with Russia
very active behind the scenes. I hope Serbia win
yield to Austria's demands"
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-08-01
Ioopyx.shs: ls,s: BY John T Mccu.ehson.l

IL look for serious CONSEQUENCES. all
though the situation is fraught with danger. Aus.
trials ultimatum Serbia seems deliberately pro-
vocative. though Austria determined t.
the hurntiiating for Serbia to se-
cept. I think Austria In determined to punish or
hurnlfate Serbia for the murder of the archduke
but do not believe the powers viii allow the con-
hasration to spread The consequences would be
too
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-08-01
BED TIME TALES
WHY BILLY ROBIN LIKES RAIN.
By CLARA INGRAM JUDSON

whats that you're talking about? %
asked Old Man OWL Whats so mica
when what's over ?"
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-08-01
-WIB LEASED WIRE REPORT
OF THE ASSOCIATED PRESS.

The state Journal ia member NJ the
Associated Press and receives the full day
faiegraph report of that great news or
rarization for the exclusive afternoon
The news is received In The State formal
binding over wires for this sole purpose.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1916-08-01

Ha. ha! A European warl I've been
reading about that great Europeaa war ever since
I can remember. We're always the verge OF the
great European war; especially in the sensational
newspapers magazines But take 1t from me.
there won't be any European war-not yet awhile
ANYWAY. 1t won't till Franz Joseph dies, and
sven then I don't believe 1t will
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1916-02-25

II6u SCuUUL.
For Month Ending Feb. 18Th, 1916
HloH SCHOOL
ELEVENTH GRADE.
Pauline Abrahm
Fannie Smith
TENTH GRADE
NINTH GRADE
May Young
EIGHT GRADE
Dorothy Skinner
Catherine Hornsby
Alice Bondurant
GRAMMAR SCHOOL
SEVENTH GRADE
Mollie Drake
Marie Ashford
Michael Abrahm
SIXTH GRADE
Katherine Ward
INTERMEDIATE GRADES.
FIFTH GRADE.
Elizabeth Drake
Louise Ward
FOURTH GRADE
George Clarke
Adams Childress
Edward Buelow
PRIMARY GRADES
THIRD GRADE
Gus Watson
Claire Drake
Hughes Bondurant
Howard Netterville
John Skinner
Carrie Bell Cooper
SECOND GRADE
Elizabeth Clarke
Gladys Holt
Marie Baragona
FIRST GRADE
Loris Levy
Florence Powers
Mamie Powers
Winans Drake
| Elizabeth 0Xally
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1916-02-25

Bulletin No. 30, 1914 issued by the
US. Bureau of Education Gays that one
of the advantages of the consolidated
schools is the possibility of maintaining
stable teaching force. In the school
with four or more teachers, there will be,
relatively, few changes in the teaching
force, never a complete change, as always
takes place in the one-room school when
teacher resigns. A permanent teaching
force is essential in making a school eff
cient and satisfactory, particularly should
the principal of a consolidated school be
retained as long as his work satisfactory
This can be done by paying salary suffi-
cient, providing home, rent free, and
employ the principal by the year. The
principal benefits are summarized in the
10 points given below II -.4
l. Adequate supervision of the teach
ing work is made possible through con-
solidation.
2. Better educational results are OBJ
tanned through the better division OF the
pupils time between recitation and study.
3. Classification becomes possible with
all the advantages to the pupil Of
working in class of pupils approximately
his own age. and in the came stage OF
mental advancement.
4. Vitalizlng special subjects, such as
music, drawing, agriculture, household
arts and the use of good library may be
taught in the consolidated school.
s. High school grades may be easily
added to the consolidated school.
6. Pupils gain more education, general
culture, and breadth of view from contact
with the larger number of pupils met in
the consolidation of schools. e.
z. The child's progress is not seriously
delayed as in the one-teacber school by
the change of teachers. The teaching
force of the consolidated school is stable.
In the entire one-teacher school the teach
ing force always changes at the same
time, and seldom leave any adequate re-
cord behind.
8. Better teachers may be obtained
for the consolidated school.
9. The cost of the consolidated school
is less than the one-teacher schools con-
sidering the advantages obtained.
10. The permanent principal and teach
ing force will do the added work of ex-
tension, will also lead in the social and
recreation life; and in scientific agricul-
ture and home-making; thereby building
community whose strength is clean and
stable character.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1916-02-25

Unfortunately there are nearly always
to be found in every community, people
of inconoclastic nature who are "agin'
the government" and railroads and all
else that makes for progress. We are glad,
however, that we have few, if, indeed,
any Of these misguided ones in Tensas
parish, hence, when the railroad an
nounced, upon the occurrence of the
crevasse, that they would transport cat
tie and people out of the flooded area
without charge, a. long as their tracks
were out, there were few among us to
feel Goals of fire on our heads, for the
railroad has been given cordial support
here and our people az q whole are friend
~ to the company. And as the organ OF
the parish, the Gazette takes this oppor-
tunity to express the appreciation of the
people of Tensas for the thoughtfulnees
and liberality of the railroad company in
placing cars at our service at such q criti-
cal moment and without financial obi
cation beyond voluntary offering by the
benefciaries, and which resulted in the
saving Of much live stock from drowning
and consequent loee to owners. 1t is such
needful aid rs this, in trying hours, that
cements the ties between the brotherhood
of man and makes for happier relation
ship between capital and labor.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1916-02-25
Cut Your Store Bill
Down One Half

Tens Of Thousands Of farmers - wen q
town and city folks cut down their store
bills onehalf last year and saved money
In spite Of generally short crops and re-
duced wages.
Absolutely millions Of dollars were
saved and countless families lived better
than ever before IN tie face Of the cotton
cribs and general business depression.
How were these burdensome store bills
cut DOWN. By The real incorporating
power Of god home gardens. rightly
planted md kept planted md tended
through tie season.
Hastings 1915 Seed Cstalosue tells bow
to cut store biIls downs tells shout gar
den and farm seeds Of kinds and quail
ity that cannot be bought from yoar mer-
chant OF druggist. MS fun Of garden and
farm Information. It's free II you ok
for It. Write for Il now. 4 cMSIuecS
CO.. Afanls, Ca-(Advt)
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1916-02-25

the life and welfare of the nation az 9
whole. Country school-children should
have as sanitary and attractive schools
and as intelligent and effective health
care as school-children in the cities.
The health care of rural school-children
should include at least the following:
(A) Schoolhouses sanitary and attract.
i've, well ventilated, lighted, cleaned, and
equipped within and without with the
health essentials enumerated below.
(B) Teachers better trained and better
paid to do their logical and full share in
carrying out health program.
Co Health examinations, including
dental inspection, once year.
Cd Follow-up health work by district
and school nurses.
(E) Health care in the school, in.
Guiding health instruction, warm school
lunches, tooth brush drills and inculca.
ton of all health habits.
Cd Provision for removal ofinjurious
physical defects by dental clinics, health
clinics, etc.
(G) Cooperation of all available in.
dividuals and organizations for the pro-
motion of health and welfare OF country
school-children. Country children de-
serve as much health and happiness
as city children. Country children are
entitled to as much careful cultivation
as live stock and crops.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1916-02-25

In every school which may be con-
sidered passably sanitary, the following
conditions shall obtain:
/: Heating by at least a properly
jacketed stove. (No unjacketed stoves
to be allowed). Avoid overheating.
Temperature should never be above SO F.
There should be thermometer in every
schoolroom. Ventilation by open win
dows when the weather permits and by
opening of windows at frequent intervals
even in winter.
g. Lighting from left side of room Tor
from 1eft and rear) through window space
at least one fifth of floor space in area.
8. Cleanliness of school as good as in
the home of careful housekeeper.
4. Furniture sanitary in kind, and
easily and frequently cleaned. Seats and
desks adjustable and hygienic in type.
5. Drinking water from a pure source
provided by a sanitary drinking fountain.
6. Facilities for washing hands, and in.
dividual towels.
Z. Toilets and privies sanitary in type
and in care with no cesspools unless
water-tight) and no neglected privy boxe.
or vaults.
8. Flies and mosquitoes excluded by
thorough screening of schoolhouses anG
toilets.
8. Obscene and defacing marks abso
lutely absent from schoolhouse ant
privies.
10. Playground of adequate size fol
every rural school.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1916-02-25

In relating the news of the Limerick
crevasse, the Port Gibson Reveille says:
The levee near Newellton, La, Just q
mile and half from the home, of F. L.
Guthrie, broke early Tuesday morning,
and a great volume of water is pouring
out over Tensas parish. The last indirect
report from Mr.. Guthrie stated that be
hoped to save most of his 300 head Of
cattle, but there was no chance to cave
his blooded hogs, numbering about 100.
No loss OF life has been reported, but
much stock and other property, includ-
ing many thousands of acres of oats will
be destroyed.
As a result Of the break the bayou has
fallen about foot at Port Gibeon. Prior
to this, the water on the South eide Of
the bridge had risen so high in the de-
prpssions in the street that it was neces-
cary to make way through the field in
order for vehicles to reach the bridge.
A number Of former Claiborne county
families and relatives of the present resi-
dents Of this county are in the overlooked
section. Among them are Mrs. Maddox
and her daughter Mrs. Watson, S. d.
Watson and family, Mr.. T. F. Daniel
and family, F. L. Guthrie and family,
DIR. L. A. Murdoch and family, Prof. T.
! M. Wade and family, the John Murdoch
estate, ]. A. Turpin and family, and
Mrs. Joseph Gorton.
We are told that the town of Rodney
has suffered greatly because of the high
water, and that there is not business
house the floor of which is above water.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1916-02-25
DR.. H. S. Trice is spending sev

DR.. H. S. Trice is spending sew
eral days in Natchez this week.
Miss LOWE Bonney of Orticia
Miss. is visiting Mrs. c. D. Brig
ham. at Waterproof.
Mrs. R. o. Hornsby and children
are spending some time at the LOsey
House while Locust Land is under
water.
DR.. and Mrs. v. NJ. Crothers. Of
Meyersville, Miss, are INSISTING M
and Mrs. +. J. Walton. Dr. Crhi
ers IL interested J., 'iw Ansney 4"
Jackson place, in this ward.
Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1916-02-25

Rural school-children are less healthy,
and are handicapped by more phyical de-
fects than are the children of the cities,
including even the children of the
slums.
Healthful and attractive rural schools
are absolutely essential to the physical,
mental, social, economic and moral we'll
being of the children themselves, and t.