davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-10-10
THE TARIFF LAW.

The Underwood tariff law has been
the most dismal failure of any rev.
enue legislation in the history of the
country, writes a Washington cor
respondent.
The Democrats boosted during the
campaign, 1--WE will reduce the cost
of living" 1--WE will take the taxes off
the people, The Wilson adminis-
tration damned the Underwood tariff
law through congress and in one year
more than three million men were
out of work, the cost of living was
higher than ever before, and it has
since steadily increased. The next
day after the Underwood tariff law
was passed Mr.. Underwood said it
would do four things: Reduce the
cost Of living, would not disturb the
crease our foreign trade, and would
collect revenue sufficient to run the
governm ent It has done none Of
these things, so glibly promised.
The Underwood tariff took from
the dutiable list and put on the free
list cattle, sheep, wool, beef, NUT
ton, corn, eggs, milk and cream. 1t
put wheat and potatoes on the free
list conditionally 1t reduced by
about 60 per cent the tariff rates on
horses, poultry, oats, hay, cheese and
butter. These reductions were fol-
lowed by a great increase in impor-
tations into the United States Of for
eign farm products. The increase for
the fiscal year of 1914, nine months
of which was under the Underwood
law, over the year 1912, was $780,
100000. These importatiOns broke
the farmers markets all over the
country. Wheat in American mar
kets declined about fifteen cents per
bushel; corn declined about 10 cents
per bushel cattle and sheep de-
clined in price. The Democratic
theory was that reduced tariff duties
on farm products would bring for
eign farm products into our markets
to force down prices to the consum-
ers. Foreign products did come and
the price to farmer was forced down
But the prices of food products to
the consumer were not reduced. The
only beneficiaries of the reduction
were the foreigners who shipped the
products, and the importers and mar
ket manipulators who received them
They did not sell more cheaply tc
the consumer but their margin OF
profit was greater. While prices OF
live stock to the farmer declined, the
price of meats to the consumer stead:
lily advanced. The high cost of liv.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-10-10
DEMANDS FAIR TREATMENT
FOR RELEASED PRISONERS
(By United Press)

(By UH1Ceu fTessJ
Buffalo, N Y, Oct. 10.-Practic-
ally all of the delegates to the Con-
gress of the American Prison Asso-
citation, in session here, today con-
Cured with w. G.. MacLaren, super
intendent of the Oregon Prisoners
Aid society, who said prisoners should
be closely scrutinized prior to release
so that mental detectives may be
taken care of. He pointed out the
defective released speedily go back
to crime.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-10-10
x x x X X x x X x X x X X y
ABOUT THE STATE =
nv United PreSS) \
Wy . H11O0 Z Z Sh111
r 4 4 K K K K K 4

x x x x x x * x = = = X y = X
Mortified, Minn., Oct. 10.-The
conference of colleges of the interior
and the Congregational conference of
Minnesota, met today to join in the
celebration of the fiftieth anniver-
sary of Carleton college. The cele-
bration opened by the dedication of
Skinner memorial chapel and an or
gan for it, will take one week. A
story of man who came, was train
ed, went out and made good and then
came back to show his appreciation,
is rumored today, following the dedi-
cation last night Of the chapel's or
gan, the gift of an anonymous giver.
The story as narrated here is that
some 20 years ago, youth with all
the expectations of life, attended
Carleton. There he was trained.
Success was the result of that train
ing. He realized that to the school
that trained him, he owed much.
And he came back. The organ dedi-
Gated last night was reported to be
his gift.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-10-10

Congressman Halvor STEVENSON
will give an address at the city hall
Thursday evening in regard to the
issues of the presidential campaign.
Congressman STEVENSON is we'll
known in this district and there is
no question but that he will be
greeted by a large crowd. He will
give an address at Blackjack on
Wednesday evening"
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-10-10

If you know of an item of news
that would interest your neighbor,
don't withhold it from us-tel US.
If you know what they know, and
they know what you know, and ev-
erybody knows what everybody else
knows, soon we will all know every
thing there is to know. That's why
ew publish this paper Try us.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-10-10

at Staples, Oct. FL; at Alexandria,
Oct. "a; at Breckenridge, Oct. rs;
at Hastings, Oct. 27; at Red Lake
Falls, Nov. 1; at Duluth Nov. 3, and
at Minneapolis, Nov. 4.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-10-10
egNS9s$if; o :'ii;Ij ASc5HE| !|:!)|yl

313 d Ns 81! I<{:|a
Gall Stones, Cancer and Ulcers of the
Stomach and Intestines, Auto-Intoxi-
cation, Yellow Jaundice, Appendicitis
and other fatal ailments result from
Stomach Trouble. Thousands Of Stom-
ach Sufferers owe their complete re-
covery to Mayr's Wonderful Remedy.
Unlike any other for Stomach ALL
ments. For sale by Bankers Drug
Store and druggists everywhere
Adv.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-10-10
EPISCOPALIANS WOULD
CHANGE CEREMONIES
(By United Pressl

St. Louis, Mo-, Oct. 10.-The Ten
Commandments, the marriage cere-
mony and the Lords Prayer as they
have stood through the ages are tc
be changed by the General Conven'
ton of the Protestant Episcopal
church which convenes here tomor-
row if the reports of committees and
subcommittee are endorsed.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-10-10

broken-hearted mother to the let
ter with the baby he leaves on the
politicians doorstep are all unerr-
ingly typical of mind unchanged.
"The Reform Candidate will do
much for the name of young Charles
Ruggles.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-10-10

These seems no end to the heights
to which women attain. One is re-
ported to have been a Zeppelin that
raided over London.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-10-10

It is invariably the case that the
man who lives on the earnings of
his wife makes the biggest howl
against giving her the right to vote.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-10-10

was with us for a short stay Friday.
The good old sports OF this camp
in the evenings, gathered by the lire
side. are telling one another how
they are going to hang up deer
next month. 49,.
Andrew Shetland, Ole Shetland and
Herman Matilda, who worked at TINS
camp last winter, have joined the
forces again this week.
A glance at the want c0.umn may
help YOU sell It.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-10-10

St. Paul, Minn., Oct. 10.-Frank
B. Kellogg, Republican candidate for
U. S. senator from Minnesota, has
been asked to address "a Republican
meeting at Milwaukee, Wednesday,
Oct. Is. Other addresses are are at
Litchfield, Thursday; Owatonna, Fri
day and Rochester, Saturday. Mon
day evening, Oct. Is, he will speak
at Red Wing; at Little Falls, Oct. 20;
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-10-10

A wise head often contains a. great
deal of fOolishness.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1916-10-10

Minneapolis, Minn., Oct. 1O.-Mat
Block. the Cleveland crack feather
weight, and Eddie Campi of Califor
MIA will box ten rounds here tonight.
This is the opening of the Mill City
club season. Solly Burns of the
Golden State and Eddie Burke of St.
Paul will mix in the semi-windup.
Brainerd, MIMI, Oct. 1O.-Every
director of the Minnesota Scenic
highway had a report to read when
the officers and directors of the high
way association met here today. Re-
ports from Clay county were quite
interesting. The section of the trail
passing through Clay county has
been graveled. Commissioners of that
county are pledged to complete large
sections of the highway through
their county, according to resolutions
adopted at a recent meeting here.
Each county through which the trail
passes is represented by a director.
Mankato, MIMI, Oct. 10.--Evidence
that Blue Earth county was inhab-
tied hundreds of years ago by an in
telligent and Industrious race of peo-
pie, who titled the soil and raised
crops in the Minnesota valley long
before the advent of white men, was
shown today in the old Indian vii
lage at Cambria, short distance
from this city. Prof. Nickerson, Ep-
worth, Ia, who is making excava-
lions in the prehistoric village for
the Minnesota State Historical soci-
ETY., made the find. Prof Nickerson
is an authority on archaeology and
geology.
St. Paul, Mimi, Oct. 10.-Election
of Charles Evan Hughes, utter dis
concern for the success of any other
Republican candidate or issue, is the
attitude of the Minnesota Hughes AL
lance which was opened at the Capt.
tai National bank building today.
Jens X. Grondahl, editor of the Red
Wing Republican, is in charge The
alliance originated in New York,
where Hughes was governor, and has
spread to be a national concern.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1916-04-17
HOLY WEEK is
INAUGURATED
PALM SUNDAY APPROPRIATELY
CELEBRATED At CHURCH or
TIE ADVENT.

Special services were held AZ the Epis-
copal church yesierday-Palm SUNDAY.
The handsome neW altar Of tbs church was
beautifully decorated with palms and white
flowers. An appropriate sermon by the
rector, DIR. George M. McDougall. and GILL
-piring music ~ the vested choir were H.
tened ~ M appreciation hy ap unusually
large congregation.
II the morning service the soloi-i was
Mrs John tsIe-g Who gave a magnificent
rendition WI -Aly Redeemcr ana Ny Lord
from Dudley Buck Golden Legend
Af the evening service Captain Lawrence
p. Butler sang With great expression the
English rendition of the French sacred
song Les R~ameAux,'' ~ -The Palms bv
Faure.
Dr. MacDougail announced that Captain
John Y. Chenoweth, chaplain W the Fourth
United States Infantry, viii deliver tho
morning sermon Ut Iii church Easter sun
day.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1916-04-17
PALM SUNDAY
CELEBRATED
PALM LEAVES APE BLESSED AND
Holy MEEK EFlAUeURATED TT
CHURCH Or SACRED HEART.

Holy Week, which end with Easter
SUNDAY, WIS iaaugnrated at TIE Church W
the Sacred Heart yesterday with appra-
pirate services, Palm Sunday being eeie-
brated IN memory Of Chri.t's entry into
Jerusalem. Emblematc MI the occasion
when tire populace -treWed palms before
the Savior a- he marched into and through
me city. Father J. y. Freon, pastor w
The Church ~ the Sacred Heart. passed
ont among The congregation little palm.
leaves, which lad been previously blessed.
These we're carried home to pc retained as
" sacred merento.
At last night service, Father Frieon
chose as the basis for hi- sermon fhe tonir
'-Thc ItunsRtability of the Gospel. w which
he expounded that everything u this
world changes hui THE laRs of Cod
The three beautiful new affairs Just FIJI
stalled were used for the first time at yes
tcrday's services.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1916-04-17
Hotel Arrivals.

Miller Hotel William NY. Go-uo,. lIuu--
ton; I. n. Bu-by. Houston: II. L. Ransom.
Phorr: Ell. XII. Hau, CORPUS Christi. G. II.
Courtney, Houstont Ed D. Gomez, San An
tonic. XII. NJ. Fowler, san Antonio. Ralph
Dreyo. San Antonio: a. Gomez. san AM
tonic. II. M. Nance Corpus Christi.
Travellers Hotcl-C. ID. Crow. MrAllcu;
T.. T.. Kcll. McAllen. J.. b. Sanford. san
Antonio; ". lI. Lewis, SAN Antonio. E. B.
Gore. Austin; sam Levine, san Antonio:
Ben h. Lcyy. san Antonio. al. Il. Thomas
ana wife, Phar; MI. M. Riley. III. A. Bow
man. Mission Us. Brown. Corpus Christi.
N. NJ. Miller sam Berito; Ben Moke. New
Orleans. S. NJ. IIlu-rr. san Antonio; Ai
Tiller. John @. Hughes, Harrington. Il. s.
Best. Dallas D. m. Pace, N. MI ~Branshlatt.
Kme-vile NJ. d. KYLE, C. TT. Banner, w. y.
jordan. M. Sparks, kug-vihc: ~. Dele
maa. II. ny. TAYLOR. uartHgen: W. R. Ellis.
Houston; Ed lamerson. Corpus Christ d; II.
M. Marcus. Siuton- Eugene Esuia, Hous-
ton.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1916-04-17
INSURE
Nh
w. *. Mendenhall
PHONE AZ.
3. Y. P. u. Pr0uram.

Following u the u. y. r. Z. program for
Sunday. April 23:
Subject. "What Kind W. Work May
Expect the Holy spirit 10 Help Ne In
Leader. Julius Cold-tein.
song. No. IS.
Prayer.
Song No. 24l.
Scripture reading. Psalm 81 .I0-i z.
The Holy ~pint 4 Helper. Leader.
"fhc Holy SPIRIT Helps cry ~ Am Our
Work Chester >amns.
song No.. PHI.
''fhc Holy Spirit Helps rs When We Are
Doing Those Things That Are Recognized
A. Distinctly God Work Mrs. y. f..
Wood.
Solo. Mis- Lille Harvey.
Gods spirit Helps NY III Witnessing
for Christ" r.. =. Tucker.
Song No. l3a.
Bcuediction.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1916-04-17
Valley KITS Invited
To An Easter Service

Brownsville -~cummandrrv No. G1.
Knights Tcmplar. are arrauging'tor i spe-
cial Easter service and sermon to be held
at The First Methodist church Sunday eve
ming ut ; o'clock. invitations are being
sent to III the Knights Tcmplar of The Val
ley, and u i~ expected 4 goodly reprc-cn-
tation viii be- had. The knights will attend
the service IN tulI rrgalia. Dr. NJ. N. HAL
lam win preach the sermon oi the evening.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1916-04-17
Moving Day At City
Hall Little Early

Today n moving day IN the city hall.
All VA thc accounting departments, mclud-
ing the water and hight department anil the
tax collectors and assessors office and
thc cashier will be wv The offices now occu-
pied by the city tax collector. while Mr.
Williams ana ~ clcrks viii occupy the
office vacated hy THE water and light de-
uartmcnt.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1916-04-17

Miss Res9ie Brown and her young
brother. Charlie. who arrived lately from
san tnis Poto~i. Mexico. have taken posi-
iinn~ IN the office at ihe Brownsville Sam
iarium. They came in company with then
mother. Mrs. q. 4. Brown. and httlc sister
MJgglv. and are stopping IN Mrs. M. II
Dougherty's apartments 1t 1909 Washing
ton street.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1916-04-17
10 Work Fines Ont on STREETS.

Two eases XII driA and disordurly were
tried This morning before Corporation
,Juder A. Celaya. Both men were found
guilty ana fined SD ard costs. IVY default
oi payment the men have been Set to work
on thc streets.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1916-04-17

Deputy United States Marshal III. T.
l@ierrlng this morning ARRESTED Pablo Car
denaa on 4 complaint signed hv Customs
Inspector George Cpuuor. Cardsras i~
charged With having IN hs possession five
quarts oi ma-cal.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1916-04-17
McMurray Richey Is
San Benito's Mayor

McNlurray Richcv. wei known Young
banker wv SAN Benlto. ~ now mayor WI The
city, following the resignation NJ pr. AL. NJ.
Cash. Dr. Cash resigned at the first meet
inc 1T the new board of commissioners.
Difference m opinion in connection with
appointments wv offices i- said to have been
the cause of the resignation.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1916-04-17
Notice to the Public.

| am informed that solicitors with sam
piles hearing our name IRE now rndcavur-
ing Go take orders IN various towns, using
our high reputation i0 secure orders. M
have no solicitors ont NOW. ami orders
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1916-04-17
Fight on Again Over Scent Carfares.

BOSTON. Mass. April 1.-THE remon-
strants against the 6-eent fare which the
Bay State Street Railway seeks from the
pnhic service commission, viii have their
innings today.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1916-04-17

Border Conditions Quiet. p. Rev
Inspector IN charge Of the Browns
willie district, Saturday returned from Y
mn over lbs district. a- Far west a. Roma.
"a recently opened immigration station Mr.
Reynolds report that the new Offices.
which includes Rio Grande City. are IN ex-
ctlleht running condition. While at Roma
he had his automobile transported across
the Rio Grande on q flatboat and visited
MGR, Mexico. tcn miles from the Rio
GraHdc, spending The night there as the
guest of Colonel Trcrino- Colonel Treviuo
gave " dinner for Mr.. Beynold, during the
VISIT.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1916-04-17
Political Announcement

The ifrald Is authorized to announce
Zeb NJ. Nixon of kina-yiIle, Klohcrr coun-
~, as q candidate for District Attorney for
the Twenty Eighth judicial District. sub
ject ~ the action ut the Democratic Pri-
mares.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1916-04-17
We call for and deliver volr
Electrical, bicycle, automobile, type

writer, flashlights, telephone and telegraph
supplies and repairs. We repair anything.
Rio 6rande Electric C0.-tf.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1916-04-17

For all kinds of electro. nickel, gold and
silver plating. Rio Grande Electric CO.
~ 5-tf.
New and second hand ~typeWriters. sup
plies and repairs. Rio Grande Electric
CO.-i-5-tf.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1916-04-17
Passover Service Beairs-Pe-acb.

FHoSU'1I "t'ViUt btyiNs- q
the Fcn-t of the Passover, which i- uh-
served annually by tire Jews, begins to-
night. The Orthodox Jews celebrate the
a-oH eight days. and the Reformed Jews
seven DAYS.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1916-04-17
CITY NEWS
Thanks His Renefactors

Flores, the young Brownsville boy who
was released Saturday from Jail where he
Was held 81 charge Of beng implicated in
tie haldititroahles. ard whose e-c n.s
dismissed b Judge y. =. Hopkins, today
oppressed IT, thanks to Il. n. Goodrich.
telsv 1iyicra and Macedonia Garcia for
iie.r efforts in his behalf during his con-
%'ineHent. efforts That brought about hi
freedom.
We call for and deliver your fans for re-
pairs. Cal rs. Rio Grande Electric Co.
--5-tf.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1916-04-17

City Paint and Carpenter Shop. Rsyair-
WY aud construction work. Phone 5ds.-tf
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1916-04-17

gwen to such solicitors viii not - filed
hv rs. CONES STUDIO.
l@lUlT. san A%ntonio, Texas
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1916-04-17
FOR SALE-40 acres near San Benito.
Choice land: SIS per acre cash. Write
A. B. C., Brownsville Herad.AIl4'tf.

We rapair anything, acroblanes and sub
marines included. Rio Grande Electric
Co.-4.j-u.
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1916-06-14

tiOn IN agriculture and home CcOn0m-
les to persons not attending or resi-
dent in said colleges in the several
communities, and imparting to such
persons information on said subjects
through field demonstrations publica-
tons and otherwise; and this work
shall be carried on in such manner as
may be mutually agreed upon by the
Secretary OF Agriculture and the state
agricultural colleges receiving the
benefits of this act"
From the context. of the preceding
paragraph, it appears that cooperative
agricultural extension work shall CON
sist primarily in giving instruction,
and, second, practical demonstrations
in agricultural and home economies
to persons nonresident at the agricul-
tural college. The teaching work pro-
yided for shall be made clear through
field and home demonstrations, publ
cations and otherwise Correspond
ence, of course, may often be con
Quoted to advantage, and personal con-
fererces be held with an individual
or group of persons. 1t is expected
that the county agent shall be prop
erly educated and qualified expert in
agriculture or home economics, and so
capable of diffusing essential informa-
tion of benefit to all the activities re-
lating to the school, the farm and the
home. The agent should be essential
ly teacher and must work with and
through the schools, thus aiding mate
rally in laying the proper foundation
on which to build up scientific elemen-
tary instruction in agriculture and
home economics, and SO successfully
correate the activities of the school
room to those of the home-a funda-
mental undertaking, the importance Of
which every thoughtful person is al
ready fully convinced.
The county agents should be prima-
rily regarded as a teacher and adviser
to all Of the people of the county,
whether they are attending school or
at work in the field or the home. He
should be capable Of rendering most
valuable service and aid to the school
teachers through the county school
commissioner and the county board
of education, and through the adult
population through personal contact
with them as they follow their voca-
tions in the field and in the home.
Funds appropriated to aid in the main
tenance of the county agents from
whatever source derived would seem
to constitute just and legitimate e&-
penditure of public money available
for education or for the promotion of
any public service work performed
in the interest Of all of the people
CT the county.
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1916-06-14

Extension teaching IS defined in
Section 1 Of the Smith-Leyer Act as
an effort ito aid in the diTusing among
the people OF the United States useful
and practical information on subjects
relating TO agriculture and home eco.
monies, and TO encourage the appiica-
ten OF the same" 1t is provided that.
pending the Inauguration and devotion
ment OF the cooperative extension
work, nothing in the Smith-Lever Ex-
tension Act shall be construed as dis
continuing the farmers cooperative
demonstration work which has already
been in progress in Georgia several
years. Fifty thousand dollars a year
have been available from this source
for some time past and this auproDr1-
alton has been wisely continued I'D to
the present time. 1t is well to bear
in mind that the state is expected to
Offset the above fund through local
subscriptions just as definitely as the
funds are available under the Smith
Lever act. This statement will. no
doubt, clarity the situation for many
and will explain why the counties are
called on to appropriate funds to aid
in defraying the salaries and expenses
of both men and women county agents.
Moreover, since the passage of the
Smith-Leyer Act, the States Relation
Service has been established by AcI
of Congress. This office is intended
10 a1O
the United States Department of Ag-
Ticulture and the agricultural colleges
in the several states. Since many bu-
reaus of the United States Department
of Agriculture have funds at their
disposal for expenditure on various
projects to be conducted in associa-
ton with the state colleges of agri-
culture, the usual half and half basis
adopted as policy by Congress and
the United States Department of Ag-
1fculture, Georgia, for instance, is ex-
pected to offset at the present time
over $4,000 of what may be termed
indirect congressional appropriations,
or see the funds withheld and used
elsewhere. Since the above appropri-
ations are being increased from time
to time, it is reasonable to suppose
that the state will always be called
upon to finance extension projects out
of the money provided by local sub
scriptions aside from those set aside
by the General Assembly of the state
to offset the Smith-Lever act.
The work which may be properly
conducted under the terms of the
Smith-Lever act is definitely stated in
Section 2, which reads as follows
THAT cooperative agricultural extern
sion work shall consist of the giving
of instruction and practical demonstra-