davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-02-20
FAITHFUL WORK ON ROADS
WILL SHORTEN SENTENCES
kHnsas VIII ALLOW one Day ont Of
Three ON Ever! CunNict'S Sentence
Who Does Good Work.

Kansas is to allow one day out Of
every three off the sentence Of every
prisoner who lahorS faithfully and
"hcerfully upon tn. public roads. Road
work is to he organized nj once. and
The plan has the enthusiastic support
q: J. u. toddiu;:. the warden. who in
CORNER wears did iuuch TO better the
condition Of Kansas prisoners and
who has just been reappointed TO Of
nee by Governor CHppcr
Warden coddtu, Is = Giin believer
ia the opportunity afforded the con-
wet in road work. and he was inst:u-
mental in securiu" the passage of the
hill Dr"ridin. for the extra good time
allowance for road work. lie has
written the National Committee on
PRISONS that the proposition Is to FUR
niSh twenty five men and ono OF the
ucnitcntiary officers 10 superintcnd
,hc work ana establish the road camps
III" municipalities for which the
work. is done Is 10 pay the State 81
Der day per prisoner. About so cents
cr day will he used in feeding and
y;rinG FOR tn" prisoner aud the other
- cents Will he raid tho prisoner or
his family The wage. together with
;he tim. of for good conduct is an
evidence tina; Kansas is 10 organize
cure the cooperation OF the prisoners
towards making i q success.
The National Committee on Prisons
hopes that "o-oucratiou between the
state Highway Department and state
Prison department Will be worked out
a. IN West Virginia and Ohio. Kan
SnS would thcn reap the full benefit
from the experiment Of placing he,
prisoners ont on the roads
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-02-20

th'' icad mt" them Competition be-
tween cities ana towns has forced them
l" take care OF tho needs OF the motor
~. 'nd 10y Improving their ,l<rough-
iar"S 'heN have benefited the whole
community.
newspapers and magazines are do
'"S '' IN thcir power to further the
good roads movement Mauy of them
are gong so far as to publish auto
h'"oi!e routes that tell AT Il glance
Wnlch towns are 10 be avoided. and
which ones arc to bc rccomm ended for
tourists. Tho town or village that is
advertised AS a hard place to reach by
ant"mobilc has little chance to get out
or the rnt. It's nciShbor may be less
than five miles distant. but If the roads
reading into il arc in good shape, IL is
bound 10 grow and prosper
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-02-20

merchants and manufacturers view the
tuturc' Factories. though working full
tinc. arc unable to keep up with orders.
ana some have enough business booked
70 Keep them busy for twelve months.
ABOUT the only cause for serious con-
Germ is the scarcity of some kinds of
raw material.
conditions with textile mills arc
more stable There is a steady demand
LOT KNIT goods at higher prices
manufacturers and wholesale deal
crs OF paper report business better than
!or years.
collections on the whole are from
fair TO good.
dealers in building supplies and
hardware are enjoying Il brisk trade,
and electrical goods are in greater de-
mand.
cold. rough weather has retarded
the delivery Of leaf tobacco and sales
were lighter than previous week
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-02-20
EPOCH MAKING NONSTOP
PERFORMANCE is ENDED
MAXWELL Touring tnr Nrrak> All Rec
urd>-->toppcd 10 Give Othcr
Cars hnurc To Nnrk.

,ftor neatly doubling the figures
tuAt hayo. for three Years. represented
in, motor nonstop record, the Max
rycN inutiu. car which has created Il
ruwplct, sc, oi long distance marks.
H;: been stopped at Los Angeles
Th, NluNweli'S motor nonstop record
.2.n"@.% mites. This replaces a for
u.r record OF l:4et." miles.
TN, cud Of the rum VAS almost i
.i,#s hciid4, In Los Angeles Thou
SANDS ',Htl"rr.! at the appointed place.
choking traffic aud rendering. tie new
endurance champion and it's crew AN
ovation nav IL the annals Of motor
ia: Mayo Sebastian of Los Angeles
himself st,ppeO TO the rivers scat
and switched I'll the ignition. For the
irSt time an nearly torty-iouT days
.ne MaNW"i motor missed its>life- ~
ng spark and stopped.
ptHejAliv tnt ruN was declared ended.
practically It VIII continue for many
NOR. days - the car Was Immediately
.e-&iartrd md left for a iriumphai
tour ;hrou"h Southern California md
tr:zoH,. Where IL Will hc shown 10
thousands OF enthusiastic motorists
who haN" watched It's progress 10 its
chawuicu~E tp.
Tina, 'ho rur. might have continued
'u""unltciy without motor stop was
IN" belief o. ,ho MaXwclls crew and
tn" "f,cI.i american Automobile Asso-
,iatiol observers. ~ !, demon s'rattou
of IS p"rfvst condition, I'll" FINAL DAYS
ran "ns made the ionEcst and fastest
- tn, entire forty -four which com
pris.d The whole trip buriu" This
iyruty -Iuur hours til, car covered
i62.i miles
It Il" time in Inc tour vas the cars
HN-raro r"low BOO miles 4 day This
't't resulted i'm It's tnueNiUg all long
ai"'auc" records from 1000 miles up
",rd. thus adding to til, !UIcls Of
ia" u"" endurance champion.
'D"riS''arsh,p vas inc chief factor
iu i.ut;iu- AN .,rL,tra!, stop 10 the -ur
"!t'n even NOR" striking results mi.:hi
h"'' t""u aitaltI-d. II L. the hop. OF
IA" NhN""'l forces THAT o;h"v i;tci;c
Coast DISTRIBUTORS uay cmulu'y the
"N"mpl" OF tn" lord Motor Gar 90.
vi ell conducted The run, Vt least
iw" other large dealers had informally
promised L. attempt 10 beat The Max
W'I record. These promises we're
uIau" carly h. TIA, history Of the run
u 'os feared thai. III case tho Maxwell
'""linn"" turth"r, tho result would
thor"u@hly discourage competitions
Motoring authorities nationally and
"il the f""I1c Coast. realizing that mo-
ter U"us'oI competition is nOv about
'hc only t"rm op"n 10 stock cars. are
"lN'"hS Q" 'nCoUraG" its revival in
sN-r' way. Their requests were
joined d" tlc fact that the sales nrtiyl-
'I'H oi iu' i.pru organization demanded
'h' 'i''H'ign Of tn mvn.bcra OF tn.
.HT ,I,...
T!o 'rst was throughout Under Inc
.!''' tom nuG observation al tho 20, e.
'"~' tnud, represented ~ Earl .'oouer.
ia" l"r" .!riNer whp was IT. yuaruc
80. til II tails Tho car vas tai,or a,
random from r.ccu, shipment and
N'S """Ireh stock IN every d.i..u be-
iorc tho start. observers :tpt.aiu,cB
~ ""p"r checked every foo; OF the
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-02-20
LARGER DEVELOPMENT
>'rH'p'" P"r"r-MnkInS COMPANY 10
Esthhiish Plant Mt I<invsuort,
f,c New rcnucSscc "Ifon.x.u,

b"ISTol, VA. February ,o.--Roy b.
Emoife. Of the Columbian Paper Com
pany' with plants here and al Buen,
vista confirms the report that he and
ms associates are going to establish
F." pup ana paper mill at Kinrsnort.
Tcnnl twenty-five miles wcs, ar n,i.
o' ne ne" plant Will give employ
"eh'3'o about 100 men. Its erection
mas gen encouraged by reason of the
TACT maj contract has been made
WIZ" ''e company there operating a
mrse lw"od-eNtract plant. whereby the
spent pulp of the extract comp,rv 10
to bGconverted into paper
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-02-20
Shcn Never D, u .oIJicr

didn't raise my Paris distributor
10 u" a soldier" declared i. w. Daven-
port, Maxwell export maungcr. after
lhrec successive representatives in the
french metropolis had Joined the
"olcrS, Leaving Their business TO take
care OF itself So Mr.. Davenport sailed
,or Ptris and appointed a. distributor
10Y all France Mudamoiscllc Helene
putrlcn. mcmhcr of tie Legion or
tionor. first French aNiatricc and an
CNier' salcswoman and m"toris, Mile
outrlnp Is associated in the business
Win Pierre Norticr. staff officer in
ne French army and directing owner
OF Gil Bias
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-02-20
SHOWS FURTHER EXPANSION
H"siursS Good All tround-'Uhnt IL the
Opinion OF the Dun
tScnry.

X. q. Dun Il Co.'S special rcror, Gov
crinc local conditions for tho vas, vel,
is az follows
General business shows further cx-
pans'on. and in almost all lines the
volume of orders hooked is highly sat
iSfacrorN. Tn" most notabi" feature is
tn" prevailing confidence with which
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-02-20
Ma,~cn Helps city Grow.

l'"dcr tn" direction Of President
Walter l.. Flanders. % tho MAXWELL
Motor 60. In" Maxwell interests com
hincd With nome capital have formed!
tn" Greater N"wcastie Co, a corpora
ION w'iN Sl"Nrpo active capital. which
Niil h"ild rent ana sci! attractive
homes 20 workiu~mnu drawn to Now
'aSti" by thu Increasing scope Of Max
veil nann'aNtHrinv operations ~ tn.
Indiana city
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-02-20
More Maxwell Brrn,l,>.

i:'e'rt expansions of THE Maxwell
'i"t"r sales Corporation ilrlud. retail
sales branches in HhiIa i"lptia. At
taut1 and providence, ~ charge re-
sp"ctiv"lv ~ t.. - Feed . II. Batch
"loi ana q. c. Reed
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1916-07-29
PLAN TO SETTLE
IRISH QUESTION

London. July 29--In accordance
with Premier Asquith's promise an Off
cial paper giving the heads of the
agreement arrived at recently be-
tween David Lloyd-George and the
Irish leaders in the Irish negotiations
was issued.
Ii bears out the contention made in
the house of commons by John Red
mond with regard TO the retention of
the Irish members of the imperial
parliament. inasmuch as clause 4
merely says that the Irish represen-
tation in the imperial parlia-
ment shall remain unaltered, name
ly, 103," and says nothing concerning
any subsequent reduction in their
number
With regard to the duration of the
new bill the official paper confirms
Premier Asquith's statement of July
10, namely. that If parliament had not
by twelve months after the war made
a further permanent provision for the
government of ireland then the dura
ton of the operation of the bill shall
be extended by an order in council
for such time as may be necessary to
make such provision.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1916-07-29
HUNDRED MILES IN WEEK
Russians Are Making Rapid Progress
Against the Turks.

Petrograd, July 29.-Russian troops
covered a hundred miles in their ad-
vance on Erzingan within a week
The capture of that city means the
virtual completion of the Russian oc-
cupation of Turkish Armenia and
gives Russia the benefit of the ex-
tremely fertile valley and opens an
easy means of communication through
Trebizond for the western and south
ern Caucasian armies.
1t is estimated the Turks had be-
tween twenty-five and thirty divisions
between the Black sea and Mush-
approximately 1000 men. The Rus
SLAMS now have captured Trebizond,
Baiburt and Gumish Khaneh and re-
occupied Mamakhatun.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1916-07-29
GUARDSMEN CHEER HUGHES
Applaud Declaration Candidate Favors
Preparedness.

Bridgehampton, N. Y, July %
You bet your life" were the words
used by Charles f. Hughes to indicate
his belief in national preparedness.
Mr.. Hughes was standing in the cen
ter of group of admiring Bridge
hamptonians after having formally
opened the annual carnival for the
village volunteer fremen. An officer
of the Southampton rifles, company
of young men soon to be mustered in.
to the national guard. stepped up to
the Republican nominee, saying:
Governor, we are for preparedness,
aren't you?"
Bet your life," was the quick re-
sponse.
The soldier boys heard the nomi-
nee's words and cheered
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1916-07-29
GREECE Scene
OF OFFENSIVE
Serbian Forces Open Attack
on Bulgarians.
BRITISH TAKE POSITION

London Announces Capture of Delville
Wood on Somme Front Despite Des-
perate Resistance by Teutons-Rus-
sian Advance in Galicia Continues.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1916-07-29
S2,5OO,O0O RELIEF
PAID TO MINISTERS

Chicago. July 29.-Nine Protestant
denominations paid in one year S2,-
100000 in pensions and relief to aged
ministers and their families, accord
ing 10 a statement issued by a com
mittee appointed at Atlantic City, y.
r., some time ago at meeting Of in
terdenominational secretaries.
An effort is under way to raise $50
10000 by these nine denominations
for retired ministers and the widows
and orphans OF ministers and 500
900, 900 of this amount is already in
hand
The denominations engaged in this
movement have a membership OF
more than 100000
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1916-07-29
THEIR AUTO is 0VERTURNE D
Mother Sees Two Daughters Slowly
Crushed to Death.

Manning, Ia, July 29-Mrs. Fred
Hupt saw her two daughters die un.
der an overturned automobile after
her frantic but vain effort to right
the machine.
Mrs. IIupt was learning TO drive
and had taken her three daughters
with her The machine upset on a
steep grade, along a lonely road.
Mrs. Hupt and her third daughter
were uninjured but the other two,
nine and thirteen years old, were
pinned beneath the car and slowly
crushed to death.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1916-07-29
YOUTH SLAIN FROM AMBUSH
Posse Kills Suspected Assailant In
Gun Fight.

Alzada, Mont. July 29.-George
Whitney, eighteen years old. was shot
dead !. from ambush on lonely trail
near here and a sheriff's posse, in
seeking to arrest Wiley Thompson in
connection with the crime, engaged
him in a gun fight and he was killed.
Whitney was riding with compan-
ion when he was killed. Thompson.
who was shot at his home, is thought
to have been mentally deranged
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1916-07-29

Wood on Somme Front Despite Des-
perate Resistance by Teutons-Rus-
sian Advance in Galicia Continues.
London. July 29--Serbian forces
have begun an offensive against the
Bulgarians in Greece. according to
Havas dispatch received in Paris
from Saloniki
The Serbians have occupied a series
of heights and are maintaining their
position despite the artillery fire and
counter attacks of the Bulgarians.
For the last three days, the dis
patch adds, the Serbians had been
making methodical preparations to
drive the Bulgarians from the posi-
tions which they had occupied six or
seven miles south of the Greek from
tier
The desperate efforts by the Ger
mans to retain a foothold in Delville
wood, on the Somme front, have fail
ed, according to the British war of.
fee, which announces that the entire
wood is in British possession.
Delville wood Immediately adjoins
I.ongueval, a portion of which is still
in German possession.
The British success is expected
greatly to facilitate their efforts to
clineh their hold on Longueval and
advance along the road to Bapaume.
Battle of Verdun Still Raging.
The battle at Verdun still is raging
with violence Paris reports a Ger
man effort to attack at the Thiau-
mont works. northeast of the citadel,
which was checked by the French ar
tillery fire
The clearing of German trenches at
/ Auberive, in the Champagne, by a
Russian reconnoitering party is also
announced i'm the Paris statement The
4 Russians returned with prisoners.
The Russians resumed their attack
/ southeast of Vladimir Bolynski, in
i Southern Volhynia, and succeeded in
penetrating General Won Linsingen's IS
4 lines northeast of Sviniuchy, but are
being vigorously counter attacked by
! the Germans, according TO a German
official statement
Attacks by two Russian army corps
on German positions east of Cor
odische. in the Baranoyichi region
were delivered, but failed to gain
ground The battle is still in prog
ress.
The Russians are hammering at the
Austrian lines in the Slonevka region
from which river General Sakharoff's
forces have driven the Austrians bach
to the Bodurovka, a branch of the
Styr which runs through Brody.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1916-07-29
PROBING THE ELGIN BOARD
Illinois District Attorney Takes Up
CHARGES Of Price Fixing.

Chicago, July 2a.-Investigation of
complaints by farmers and milk deal
ers against the Elgin board of trade
was started by District Attorney
Charles #. Clyne at the direction of
the department OF justice.
The complaints allege that the FL
gin board is continuing price fixing
practices which Judge Landis re-
strained in decree entered year
ago In the governments Injunction
suit
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1916-07-29
BRITISH CAPTAIN EXECUTED
Shot by Germans for Attempting to
Ram U-Boat

Berlin, July 29.-Captain Charles
Fryatt of the Great Eastern railway
steamship Brussels, which vessel was
captured by German destroyers last
month and taken into Zeebrugge, has
been executed by shooting after trial
before German naval courtmartial.
The death sentence was passed
upon Captain Gryatt because OF his
alleged actio min attempting previous
ly to ram a German submarine.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1916-07-29
SENTENCE STRIKE LEADERS
Six Chicago Men Get Prison Terms
and Eight Draw Fines.

Chicago, July 29.-Fourteen labor
leaders, convicted recently of con-
spiracy to extort money and destroy
property in a strike, were sentenced
after a motion for a new trial had
been overruled.
Six were sentenced to serve peni-
tentiary terms ranging from one to
three years and the others TO pay
1nes of from $500 to $4,000.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1916-07-29
NAMES FARM LOAN BOARD
President Wilson Complies With Rural
Credits Act.

Washington, July 29.-The presi-
dent nos mated the following men to
be members of the new farm loan
board provided in the rural credits
act:
Herbert Quick of Berkeley Springs.
w. Va
Judge Charles E. Lobdell of Great
Bend Kan.
George w. Norris, Philadelphia
Captain W. S. A. Smith of Sioux
City, la.
Secretary McAdoo is an ex.officio
member Of the board.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1916-07-29
Three Wounded in Fight.

Redfeld, s. D., July 29.-In pitch
ed battle at Redfield between band
OF 800 members of the l. w. w. and
200 independents" organized in oppo-
sition to threats of the |. w. W., three
of the former were wounded, one OF
them seriously About $50 shots were
exchanged A force of $50 deputy
sheriffs drove the fighters from town.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1916-07-29
MRS. WYLIE GETS DIVORCE
Spouse Eioped With Woman Whose
Husband Killed Himself.

Washington, July 29.-An absolute
divorce was granted in the District
supreme court to Mrs. Katherine "
II. Wylie, whose husband. Horace
Wylie. eloped to Europe in 1910 with
Mrs. Elinor NJ. Hichborn. The Incl
dent caused a sensation In Washing
ton.
Some time afterward Mrs. Hich.
noona husband shot himself.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1916-07-29
Commits Suicide in Moruue.

Kankakee, ILL.,, July "a. C.
Hasard, a well known Momence citi-
zen, entered an undertaker's morgue
and committed suicide by shooting
himself His first wife died in April
and 1t is said he had trouble with his
family over his marriage two weeks
ago to a Chicago woman.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1916-07-29
DISCHARGED GUARDSMEN
MUST PAY WAY HOME.

New York, July 29.-Guards-
men al the border discharged
because of the necessity of :
supporting dependent relatives
will have to pay their own ex- :
penses home.
This was announced at the
headquarters of the depart
ment of the East, where ii was
said many letters had been re-
ceived from soldiers applying
for such discharge, indicating
expectation that their fare
home would be paid by the
government
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1916-07-29
CANAL TOLLS $4.296,551 UN-
DER EXPENSES.

Washington. July 29-Pana-
ma canal tolls were S4.2S6.551
less than expenses in the year
which ended May 81.
In the months the canal was
closed by slides the losses
ranged between $546,000 and
S643,000 a month, totalling for
the six months from October
to March. inclusive, SO .553,627
Tolls collected during May
amounted to S36S. .023, the larg-
est month since August, 1915.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1916-07-29
Adds Large Sum to Bill as 1t
Comes From House.
TWO MILLION FOR RELIEF
pendent Families of Regulars and
the Mexican Border.

Washington July 29.-Nearly $780,
100000 for national defense in the
fiscal year 1917 is the aggregate of
proposed appropriations reached in the
senate with passage of the army ap-
preparation bill. carrying in round
numbers $314.O00,OOO
This grand total for preparedness
still is subject to revision. however,
because the army bill will follow the
naval bill into conference. where re-
ductions are probable, despite the firm
attitude of President Wilson in sup
porting the liberal response of the
senate to the call for adequate de-
Tense
The appropriations for preparedness
as they now stand are:
Army ...............$3 1913, 970, ,447 10
Navy ............ 315, ,S43.55
Fortitications (law) ... %, ,74S,05O.O0
Military academy -. 2,23S,32S.97
Army ana navy de-
ticiency ............ 27,559.34S.0o
Total ........$6S $685., ,343, ,017.27
As it passed the senate the army
bill exceeded the appropriations made
by the house by more than S131 .OO0,-
600.
In the final hours of the debate on
the measure the senate agreed to an
appropriation Of $4,000, 900 for relief
nf al
guardsmen and regular army soldiers
in service in the Mexican emergency.
Right TO Vote Stricken.
An amendment agreed to Wednes-
day giving soldiers on the border the
right to vote in the field at the No
vember election was eliminated from
the bill on point of order just be-
fore passage.
Among legislative provisions includ-
ed in the appropriation bill are.
Creation of a council of national
defense for the coordination Of In
dustries and resources for the nation
al security and welfare, to consist OF
the secretaries of state, war and
navy; chief of staff of the army. an
officer of the army and six civilians
to be appointed by the president, who
shall have special knowledge of some
industry, public utility or the devel-
opment of some natural resource.
Civilian members would serve with
out compensation except for expenses
incurred.
Ten per cent increase in pay for
officers Of regular army and national
guard and 20 per cent for enlisted
men in actual service in the Mexican
campaign or on border duty
Increase in the age minimum for en-
lstment In the regular army without
consent of parent or guardian from
eighteen to twenty-one years.
Revision of the articles of war gov
erning rules of courtmartial
The Washington herald., 1916-04-05
.BRITTEN RAPS DANIELS
FOR LIQUOR STATEMENT
Illinois Representative Says Public
Impression Is That Naval Officers
Are All Weaklings.

Representative Britten, OF Illinois.
Republican member OF the House Naval
Affairs Committee. replying to Secretary
Daniels testimony regarding Rear Ad-
mlral Bradley A. Ffske, asserted yester-
day that he was giving the country a
wrong impression by emphasizing the
value of his wine mess order
Il think 1t is all wrong" said Mr. Brit
ten. that the newspaper reading public
should get the impression from Secretary
Daniels remarks that the officers Of the
navy Of the United States are so weak
that because they cannot get a cocktail
they must use cocaine.
The Secretary OF the Navy should be
ashamed to so characterize the personnel
Of the navy. His statement of regret at
not having issued the liquor order the
very first day he was made Secretary of
the Navy will naturally be taken to mean
that drunkenness prevailed among off,
GERS and men, that the efficiency of the
ships were materially impaired during
that period. and that the use of liquor
was as prevalent as the use of tobacco,
soap, shoe polish and other necessaries
aboard ship, while the truth is that
liquor had been abolished in the navy
ever since 1853.
I have observed repeated demands in
the newspapers OF New York and Chi
cago for the resignation of Mr.. Daniels
They are brought about by Just such oc-
currences as these, wherein the Secretary
beltttes the character OF the officers and
the efficiency OF the whole service"