davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-10-08
Germans Expected to Tenn
porariIy Weaken Elsewhere
to Halt SIavs.
TERRIBLE FIGHTING FOR
LEMBERG AND KOVEL
BY OLIVER OWEN KUHN.

Will or will not the determined Of
fensive inaugurated by the Russians in
recent days along the middle and
southern sections of the eastern battle
front result in success? Upon the de-
cision. which is expected to come with
in the course of the next few weeks,
or before winter greatly impedes Of
fensive efforts on large scale, hinges
much, speaking from the standpoint
of both the allies and Teutonic mill
tary forces.
Success by the Russians may be
gagged in two ways They either may
press the Teutonic battle lines back
ward by the very weight of prepon-
derant armies and equipment to the
point where they gain Kovel and Lem
berg. the two announced detectives of
their present efforts; or their strenuous
attacks may be counted as successful
If they hold the armies of the kaiser
II, IN their present positions and force
them to dig in for the winter, for Ber-
I'm has limited that it is one of the
chief desires of Field Marshal Won
Hindenburg to press the Russians back
10 positions held before they inaugu-
rated their drive early In the summer.
But allied capitals hardly will be
content with the mere holding of the
kaiser's forces. Greater results are to
be achieved by hammering forward no
matter what the cost at the present
juncture. for in such successful ad-
Vances great things are expected to be
accomplished for the allied cause in re,
gfons to the southwark where the Ru-
manlans and Russians are battling to
hoid Field -Aarshal Won Mackensen in
check in the Dobrudja and where the
Kumanlans are striving to remarshal
their forces for further successful in
cursions of Pennsylvania regions. 1t
also is declared to be within the power
of the Russians to greatly infnenca
the trend of affairs along the Mace
DOMAIN front. where the allies are max
ing progress
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-10-08
Pressure May Force
Transfer Of Troops.

manic forces operating to the southwark
This weakening CT forces or material with
drawal OF Bulgarian, Germanic or Turk
ish forces would but make easier the Rus
sian plan to advance down the Black sea
coast towards Constantinople. 1t is GER
tain that the German general staff, an
ticipating allied designs on Constantinople.
threw Won Mackensen into the Dobrudja
region to halt this proposed offensive of
the cars armies at any cost. So far he
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-10-08

| laying down the arms they had welded
SO valiantly.
In late October there opened between
La Bassee and the sea the most deadly
campaign the war had yet seen. For
the next six weeks, on a front Of barely
forty miles. some hundreds of thou
sands of men struggled by day and by
night for the possession of a score Of
villages lying straight across the path
way of the new German advance. be-
tween the Lys and the mouth of the
User. When it had ended, in part
through the exhaustion of both com
batants, the Germans had gained a few
parcels of territory. a few wrecked viii
lagos, but in the main the line stood as
it had stood in the opening hours of
the conflict, despite the fact that the
spur on his brave but beaten soldiers.
and the whole German nation had set
its heart upon Calais.
The purpose of the German strategy
was plain. Antwerp taken, Ostend cap
tured, there was an apparent opportu-
hity to sweep down the coast past Ca
lais and Boulogne: to seize Dunkirk,
the last French fortress in the north:
to take root on the eastern shore of
the Straits of Dover: to bring by canal
and river the submarines, already so
England as Napoleon had threatened
Zeppelin fleets: by heavy artillery and
mine to close the Straits of Dover and
leave the port of London as dead as
that of Hamburg. Underlying all these
magnificent details. too, was the dom
inant determination to regain the Of
fensive. to take up again the road to
France.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-10-08
Only Slight Progress Made.

Meantime to the east Bulow, Einem
who succeeds Hansen; Wurtemberg
and the crown prince have retired
slowly. save for the Saxons, who dis
appear soon as an army. The German
line curves around Rheims and through
the Argonne. BY the third week in
september Bulow. who has held up
Foch just outside of Rheims, attacks
taxes the forts of Brimont and Nogent
lAbesse. bombards the cathedral at
Rheims. but is checked The crown
rec makes considerable advance
rack toward Nerdun east of the Ar
Hnae, but is stopped in turn. Troops
from Metz made a sudden and success
fui attack upon the barrier forts south
OF Eerdun. and take St Mihiei
No one of these three attacks had i'm
n7ediafeiy important military conse-
oueaces, yet all three are of perrna nent
interest. That of Bulow, because of
tne ron oardrnent of Rheims Cathedral.
Nhich had greater moral effect upon
me French nation than anything but
tire victory of the Marine. That Of the
own prince because. taken together
W,a the operation about st. Mihiel, it
htd r very great value in n later phase
o. the war. when the Germans at
T. ~7<el ye-dun
the crown prince was checked. after
.ew DAYS. But he got forward sufEi-
GENTLY or the road along which h. had
recently retreatei TO occupy The ,ou,p
o: Farennes. and from this and other
points was able with his heavy artiI-
icy 20 cut the Paris Verdun railrosd
oy indirect fire Even more complete
vas the success to che south, where the
Germans. by taking Fort Cann dos
ROMANS and occupying the west hank
OF the Mouse. facing st. Nihiel. were
- to ~: the Commercy- Verdun line.
mere was moment when it seemed
possible that they might actuaIiy. pen
etrate through the breach they had
one ned in the French barrier and ioin
rack with the crown prince. This dan
ger passed. Ferdun was not envoloped
but IT was left practically without rail
communication with the rest of France
n circumstance which lcontrih,,.
eraFeiy TO its danger when the Ger
mans returned TO the attack in Febru-
airy, 1916. 60"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-10-08

of Vladimir Volynski. a key to the
more important position of Kovel.
Although days and nights of this ter
rife fighting have passed. it may be
stated that the Russians have made no
material advances toward either kovel
or Lemberg. though some successes of
isolated character have been scored
southwest of Brzezany, and they have
crossed the Zlota Lipa. To the north
ward Petrograd frankly admits that
Teutonic resistance has been of such
character that practically no results
other than the infection of terrible
losses on the enemy have been brought
about Certainly no ground has been
gained.
The chief contest of the week has
been raging almost directly west of
Lutsk, where if
Chief Contest the R vi 8 a ms
to West Of Lutsk. the German line
or bend it back any great distance
both Kovel and Lemberg could be
placed under Russian fire. In other
words. it would appear that the Rus
sian armies are endeavoring to carry
out the tactics first inaugurated in the
present war by the Germans and later
copied by the allies most successfully
in the battle of the Somme, those of en-
veloping detectives. Should the Rus
SLAMS. as stated, gain any large amount
of territory west of Lutsk and straddle
the Lemb erg-Kovel railway they could
bring pressure on the Galician capital
Immediately from the north. while the
armies of Gen. Letschitsky by pushing
westward to the south and southeast of
Lemberg would place the German
armies defending Lemberg in the posi-
ton of being forced to combat enemies
to the front and on either flank while
Russian artillery could greatly disturb
communication lines and troop move
ments Immediately to the rear. This.
movement to the west from Lutsk. if
successfully carried out, also would
bring direct menace to the Germans de-
Tending kovel from the south. To the
northeast of Kovel the Russians have
bent in the German lines, and although
the fighting in this quarter has not
been so intense the Russians are in
position to strike forward at any mo-
ment but it is believed that offensive
operations on a large scale in this
quarter will be delayed until weather
conditions are more propitious and the
SWampy regions which must be
traversed are frozen to point enabling
movements of sweeping proportions.
Russian efforts all along the line to
the north of kovel undoubtedly will be
facilitated by cold weather, if it is in
store for the Russians to advance at all
Likewise 1t will assist any such Ger
man offensives as Field Marshal Won
Hindenburg may order.
That the Germans full well realize
the danger to their positions on the
central and southern sections of the
eastern front is indicated by the fact
that the kaiser has gone to the eastern
front. and is declared to be spending
his time in that section of the front
west of Lutsk. where the contest is
most severe.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-10-08

has succeeded. The weakening in any
degree of Won Mackensens forces. how
ever, in order that succor might be ex-
tended to hard pressed Germanic forces
on any other front undoubtedly would be
dangerous, in view of the fact that 1t Is
thought vast numbers of fresh RUSSIAN
forces are being moved southwark through
Rumania, not only to forever arrest Won
Mackensen's progress but carry out the
proposed invasion of Bulgaria. 1t is con.
sidered certainty that the capture Of
the Bulgarian capital of Sofia is but a
minor consideration in the allied scheme
of things, inasmuch as Petrograd and
other entente capitals have dwelt at
length on the possible allied drive on the
Bulgarian port of Varna, there being a
comparatively clear natural route from
this point southwark toward Constan-
tinople.
1t is confidently expected that the
Russians will make little mention OF
the character or number of forces CEN
tered in Rumania for the drive against
that these forces are of sufficient num-
Der and that success will crown their
efforts when once they begin to ad-
vance. The present fighting between
the Russians, Rumanians and the Bull
gars and Germans, although of fierce
character, is believed but forerunner
Of further striking events.
Continued Russian pressure outside
the Immediate effect upon the align
ment of forces in the eastern arena
proper also may be the medium
through which the allies hope to force
Withdrawals of Teutonic and Bull
garian troops from the Macedonian
front, for, should the forces operating
in Austria Hungary against the Ru-
manians and those operating along the
northern Bulgarian frontier be in
anywise weakened, it is but logical to
expect that the Bulgarians, who are
holding down the greater section of
the Macedonian front, would be forced
to dispatch large numbers of troops
from this line for the protection of
country.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-10-08
Again Attempts Advance.


Literally. the battle Of the Aisne is
only the brief combat between the
Anglo-French armies and Kluck, north
of scissors, before both came to
standstin. Afterward there are the
battles about Rheims and in Cham
payne and Lorraine. in all of which
the Germans were seeking to advance
again. Finally comes that operation
which the French name picturesquely
the Race to the Sea- in which Joffre
tried to turn the flank of the German
position behind the Aisne and east Of
the Disc. AS the Germans met this
thrust the line mounted until 1t APP
preached the sea, and as II moved, the
trench line extended. until moment
was in sight when there would be a
complete deadlock from the North sea
to the Swiss frontier
When the Germans at last recognized
this possibility they undertook their
final effort. eliminating in the deadly
battles of the User and Ypres, which
were far more bloody defeats for them
than the Marine. and were not counter
balanced by the taking of Antwerp
These battles were the last effort OF
Germany to reopen the decision of the
Marine and they are the logical conse-
quence of what had taken place about
Paris, at La Fere-C ha nlpenoise and in
Lorraine a month earlier.
Already Belgian resistance had con-
tributed seriously to impeding German
plans. In the days when every German
soldier was needed in France an army
corps had TO be kept before Belgium 70
protect the German lines of commune
cation and contain the Belgian field
army in Antwerp. At the moment of
the battle of Charleroi the Belgian
army had made a sortie. I'm the course
of which it had almost reached Lou
vain The destruction of this CITY fol-
lowed this fighting and was an act of
reprisal by the Germans, who ruth
lessly executed many men and women.
This deed promptly filled the civilized
world with horror and awakened pro-
test in all lands. Again, at the battle
Of the Marine a second Belgian sortie
had detained troops which were start.
ing south and held them until the criti-
cal days of the retreat to the Aisne
were passed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-10-08

to rags, or undiscoverable beneath the
outward layers of mud.
Again and again more losses, fright
full attrition. seemed to bring the Ger
In few hours or days new thousands
returned to the charge. Always, too,
they came forward fearlessly, song
upon their lips. Regiments of youths
took the place of the older men of the
first line, but the boys were not less
brave than the men, the recruits than
the veterans.
Such were the battles of Flanders. the
and the French: the battle of Ipres,
won by the British and the French.
Never was race more closely run
Never was victory nearer to the Ger
mans than in the early days of Novem-
Der, The jerry-built dixie that Joffre
had stretched across the last open gap
on his front barely held. On November
Is, when the last effort of the RUSSIAN
Guard failed. the British expeditionary
army had become almost a memory
and its losses had passed anything IN
British history.
Race Close, But Decision Absolute.
But, however close the race, the de-
cision was absolute. The whole Ger
man conception of a swift, terrible
decisive thrust at France had ended IN
the bloody shambles of the User and
the Ypres Not French army had
been destroyed, not a French army
had been captured. The great pattle
that was to come six weeks after the
declaration of war had come: II nad
been a French victory, not waterloo
nor a Sedan. but a Gettysburg, VIC
tory compelling q general German re-
treat and dislocating their whole
strategic conception. After that re-
treat it had never been poss1ple 70
regain the offensive and renew wv
bid for a decision. Eacn sePaia,
offensive effort from ST. Mihiel to Nleu.
port had been beaten down almost
where it had started. ,ro,
Save for Russian defeat at lahneH.
berg, the defeat at the Marine mig ~
have necessitated a retreat 10 tne
Rhine Hindenburg's victory had given
Germany two more months IN the
west. She had used them up and now
the eastern situation had become
critical. Russian pressure in East
Prussia had not recalled German coi pc
from the Marine or before the Marne,
But Russian victories in dahcia, .He
disasters that had overtaken Austria
and seemed to forecast her collapse,
the crisis in Hindenburg's operations
at LODI. all cried out for attention:
November Is, then, sees the end OF
the effort that began August D beIore
Liege. In that time Germany nau
overrun Belgium and occupied more
than 5000 square miles of France ana
devastated more thousands; she had
approached Paris, and september IT'S
towers were visible where her armies
stood, but within sight OF the prize
she had been compelled TO recon- 1,, anu
from that hour until the end In ran
ders her strategy had conformed 10
Joffre's, and her purposes had all peeh
wrecked in conflict with his Will.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-10-08

RUMAN|A'S PROBLEN|

| If Szekely-Udvarhely proved as harl
! for the Rumanians to capture as is ths
mastery of it's pronunciation fer
! Americans, the latest entrants into tha
| world struggle achieved quite a vic
tory recently, when, according -
dispatches from news sources of til,
entente allies, the Transylvania i
town was occupied
Concerning this interesting tot
near the head waters of the Gr-at
Kokel river. the National Geo rpm g
Society gives the following iufor;.is-,
ton in a war geography bulletin Is
sued from Washington:
Most of the 5000 inha bitants of tie
thriving little industrial town OF
kely-Udvarhely, the capital of a
county of Pennsylvania, are Seekers,
one of the many kinspeoples of the
Magyars, about whom there has been
heated controversy for years. SSeke j
Udvarhely is in the heart of the Sci:
lers, 100000 of whom are clos ~ 80 :
tied in the mountainous region extcn :
ing from Kronstadt on the south. a';-r
the Rumanian border, to MaroS- Nasat-
hely to the northwest.
According to the traditions OF / e
SZekely-Udvarhely citizens themselve.,
the Seekers are descended from n
band of Attiias Huns, who settled i.
this part of Hungary after severe VI
verse of their leader, perhaps follow
ing his great defeat by Aetius ana
Theodore on the Catalaunian plains,
near the French city of Troyes, Oh
which occasion the number of slain
in one days fighting was variously
estimated at from 1T5,o00 to 300,0 900.
Another Theory of Their Origin.
But much more interesting account
of the Seekers origin, and one which
awakens in them a more responsive
chord of patriotism, is that they were
Magyars who were transplanted to
this rugged region in the eleventh
century to act as frontier guard
against the constant entertainments OF
the Pechenegs and other savage tribes
that threatened the kingdom of Hum
gary. .
"Ladislaus I is credited with the
scheme of this frontier guard, and Il
was only one of the many acts during
his reign which made him the most
widely beloved ruler of his country
during the middle ages All Hungary
was plunged into mourning for three
years after his death, which occurred
in 1095. and he was worshfped a.
saint long before he was formally
-.-.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-10-08
Army Pursues Belgians.

Once Antwerp fell, the army corps.
released from this operation, drove
south upon the heels of the retreating
Belgians. From every corner of the
German empire garrisons and artillery
were gathered up for a supreme thrust
"a thrust through France but in part
aimed at England. the nation now be-
come the object of the concentrated
hatred and wrath of all Germany.
Not less rapid was the concentration
of the allies. Coming north across the
French frontier, French regular troops,
British forces withdrawn from the
Aisne in early October, Sikhs, Ghur-
kas--all the Indian contingent; now to
have their baptism of fire; Senegalese
and Moroccan rifiemen, Turcos and Lee
gionaries--finally the retreating rem
nant of the Belgians reinforced by
French and British divisions-gath-
cred around the sleepy little Flemish
town of Ypres, on the shores of the
North sea at Newport and behind the
to the Lys, to meet the storm.
A more admirable country for de-
Tense than the User front it is difficult
to imagine. Eastward from the dunes
stretched an intricate maze Of river,
canal and ditch, much of the land la
BILE to inundation once the sluices wer.
open-all of it certain to become Il
swamp when the first storms of winter
began. On this front a dozen large
and small villages and hundreds of
little stone farmhouses offered cover.
Trenches dug today might be flooded
tomorrow: artillery dragged within
range over level fields might be sub
merged and bemired tomorrow
Such was the country between the
User and the sea. Here and about
Ypres for more than a month there
continued with slight interruption one
of the most intricate, confused and
indescribable conflicts in all the his
tory Of war. fought by men of more
races. religions, colors and nationali-
ties than any battlefield in western
Europe had known since the onrush of
the soldiers of Islam was halted on the
field of Tours. Asia, Africa and even
America and Australia shared in the
glory and the slaughter.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-10-08
Turks Having
Trouble in Armenia

the Bulgarians operating to the north
ward. Unquestionably some Ottoman
armies would be moved to the Mace
DOMAIN front in view of successful
allied aggression, but the Turks have
another difficulty which they in the
main must meet themselves, and that
lies in Armenia. The Russians under
Grand Duke Nicholas have once more
resumed their offensive efforts on
large scale, and this offensive is chief
ly directed westward along the Black
sea coast, where the armies have the
support of the Russian fleet. This in
dicates that the Slavs also Will en-
deavor to press toward Constantinople
along the coast The main turkish
armies which have been thrown in
aims the Russians may have, already
are retreatins over a wide territory,
according to Petrograd.
The Turks must unquestionably turn
their chief attention, for the time
being, at least, in this direction, for, If
official advices are to be credited,
Slavic efforts seem to be on the verge
of great extension rather than curtail-
ment.
Whatever the possible results, daily
events from the eastern Transylvanian,
Dobrudja, Macedonian and Armenian
fronts, but emphasize the correlation
of allied effort.
The fighting raging on the eastern
front proper Is declared TO De Terrible
The Russians with excellent artillery
and hundreds of thousands of fresh
troops are driving forward in the hope
of capturing Lemberg and kovel. In
the face of Russian aggression the
Germans have directed counter attack
after counter attack to stay the arm
OF the car, and result the armies
have been engaged frequently over
many miles of territory in most re-
morseless hand-to- hand fighting. 1t
has been an inferno in those regions
lying to the southeast, northeast of
Lemberg and Immediately to the east
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-10-08
Plans Partially Successful.

German armies were able to realize
many of the hopes and conceptions of
their commanders in the weeks follow
ing the Marine. They did make good
their position in France, behind the
deep Aisne, resting on the hills from
Noyon to the Craonne plateau. They
did restore the contact between all their
armies, and they were able within ten
days after the decisive day of the
Marine to renew the offensive. But they
were not able to reopen the decision Of
the Marine. because while they were be-
ginning new offensive between Noyon
and Nerdun and striking a heavy blow
south of Ferdun. at st. Mihiel, French
high command opened a great turning
movement west of the Disc. which COM
PEELED the Germans to displace their
armies, sending masses from Lorraine
and Champagne to Picardy and Artois
and thus resigning their plans further
east.
All these operations, very complex
when read in official bulletins and ut
terly confusing to the public at the
time they took place, become perfectly
Simple II the main purposes are kept in
mind You have first the French and
British pursuit. begun September TO-
You have next the complete check of
this pursuit, after September Is, when
kIuck stands behind the Aisne digs
himself in, and. reinforced by the troops
and guns which are freed by the cap
ture OF Maubeuge September Z, stops
f1eld Marshal French, Maunoury and
ID Esperey. BY September is KIuck is
abie to take the offensive and drive the
British and French out of some of the
ground they have taken north of the
A.sne.