davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1916-10-28
Anr Mo. I'd.

House Bili No. 1ea-By Mr. !. Powell, ghal
Section "A. :" Substitute for Hou
9AiA Joint RESOLUTION
f,,o,,os,;re an amendment to Article /
Of the State Constitution relative
the District Attorney for the Pari
of Orleans, his election, qualification
term of office, compensation asslstan
and office force.
sectinn I. Be it resolved by the Genes
Assembly of the state of louisiana, I'd
thirds of the members elecIsd ~
house concurring, That ArIlcIe l4S oH
Constitution Of the stas ss - fo,loms
Article las. There shall pc "a
ATTORNEY for the Parish OF Of
shall be elected by the voters y \
Parish for the term OF, Of fo gu III
shall receive an annual SO 81 Il esa
sand dollars, forty six o. "A 81 II
which shall be paid by the OF isua
isiana, in equal monthly insV hentS All
the balance Of fifty four aun n4dr.. dola
| in equal monthly insta1lments; he shsI
receive no other compensation. He ahai
be a licensed attorney and shaH perfonr
such duties as are now prescr1ned by laN
or may hereafter be prescribed by ths
General Assembly, and shall take no Oh.
side practice He may appoint and renuoVs
at his discretion such assistants VIA
shall be licensed attorneys, and svcS
K CIGTSS, SISI1tSIdkilC1S esAAtA oPSStdA UillfefS
as may be provided by the Commssi5s
| Council of the City of New Orleans, ans
ut such salaries and terms of payment n
| the said Commission Council may Qsisie
Section 2. Be it further resoly sts
| That this proposed amendment shah f.
submitted to the qualified voters Of hi
| State, for adoption or rejection, 1T ~
Congressional election to be held In M
Vemher, 1916; and, if adopted, the ssna
! shall take effect on the first Monday #
4 December. 1916.
/ Section 8. Be it further resolved. els
That the voting either for or against bs
resolution by any member of the GeasrIs
Assembly shall not prevent him irOn
| being candidate for the said Office
Section 4. Be it further resolved Cd
I That on the official ballots to be ISSUED 4
said election, there shall be placed Ta
1 the proposed amendment to Article al II
/ the Constitution of Louisiana and Iii
| words Against the proposed amendnes
| to Article 14S Of the Constitution Of Ig
1 isiana'' and easlA elector shall indicate 4
provided in 8asa1l 5sllll lags 3
the State, which OF Eng bTor0Sad "For
| Against" he votes.
| HEWITT BOUANCHAgID
Speaker of the House of Representat5as
FERNAND MOETQN.s
Lieut.. Gov and President of the sehata
Approved: July 5, 1916.
/ r. G. PLEASANT.
/ Governor of the State Of Loalsiaaa
| A true copy:
JAMES j. BAILEY,
Secretary of State.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1916-10-28
AcT Ma 1o1

House Bill No. 10--The Fields Nix Bill
JOINT RESOLUTION ~
Proposing an amendment to Article y
of the Constitution of the siats /, \
Confederate Veterans. As aiIis NJ
by Act No. 1873 of the General Asseai
bly, of 1914, and for the purpass. y Z
providing a sufficient revenue loI v v
carrying out Of this Article q =
Constitution s
Section 1. Be it resolved By the tfeaHs
Assembly Of the State Of Louisiana ss ss
House concurring, that Article Sos q 3. " i
Constitution of the State Of Lous Y W, n
amended by Act No. 1913 Of shs Gel Isss
Assembly of 1914 be SO enacted Az s0i''s
as follows: =.
Article BOB. A pension Of lke as sae NJ
not to exceed Twenty Five Dollar sss sss
per month shall be allowed To eaea IKE ,9s
possesses all of the following qua W.
!. He shall have served honorary s lIsS5
the date of his enlistment Until. l9a s Hs
of the late Civil Var, or until lls,,s W.
discharges ssons l psllla Ne
organizat i6 Regularly massared ins VIII. X.
Army or Navy OF the Confederate s sres.
and shall have remained true g ~ w y
federate States until the StilrenoeaI;; us,s
2. He shall not own properly .t Y ~
than two thousand dollars yalua Ii u a,rt
3. He shall not be Salaried or g aIsss
provided for by the State OF Loll laaas
by any other State or GoysrIllsissea MI
case he enlisted in any orgaillS W sni.tss
tered into said service as s a1sssf' &
organization, or In case at the oa .s.ss
enlistment he resided in Chg s. ~
Louisiana, he shall have resl ss;er d y
State for at least five years p e y it ii
application for pension, ". w va stass ID
sided elsewhere than In flls ,nsitsstTs
enlisted in an organization n Ma1 WA 4 IL
in from Louisiana, Or in me s as,s IN
Confederate States, he siladsl w
to his hiss application for saea "a .y50a
pension shah be granted to sle Z M'ai aaiIgs
shall not have married agssid5l,e y # s
circumstances, of such solalsi so yrltyass
whose marriage to her Was VIZ thsl
prior to January, 1885; prg ss,s al orgs
her deceased husband serVee aa n aa y.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1916-10-28

moneys whatsoever, provided noWeYsIs
no nensys shall be borrowed by said BoaTo
for any other purpose than current pur-
poses nd u no ea eYg Raard to make or e
pay for permanent improvements; and
provided further, that said Board shall
not make any contract or incur f,, ang not
otherwise appropriated, 70 pay anu u,s
charge the same are actually In the treas
ury Of said Board at the ume s; o. d 5hfii ns
obligation and are specially set ASIDE ana
dedicated to said purpose, except as may
be heTeinaboye specially provad na nror to
the beginning of the scholastic year pre-
pare budget of its receipts ana expenai-
lures and said budget, before y tb neco n1s
mission Council of the City Of New Or
leans, or it's successor as the governing
r. exp sseiu lss OF Of said Board got in
! csS6ed in the said budget SHAH hkeWlsee
before becoming effective pc approves
by said Commission Council or its SAID
Provided that nothing herein shall be
taken or construed as authorizing tne
change, alter, substitute or eliminate any
of the items of the budget thus submitted,
the true intent and meaning nereof belng
that the said council or its successor snail
have no authority whatsoever In or over
said budget except to the extent of ascer-
tanning whether the proposed expenditures
as exhibited by said budget areswtthln the
probable and estimated revenues of said
! Board Of Directors of the Public Schools
Parish of Orleans.
Section 20. The inhibition herein estab :.
and l1tie the es Board Of Directors of the Public
| Schools, Parish of Orleans, or either or
them, borrowing money, anticipating lnsli
revenues, capitaIizing their funds or issu ,,
| ing notes or other evidences Of debt, shall
apply to all boards, commissions or Dodles
created by or under the AUTHORITY OF the
Commission Council of the City OF New
| Orleans. or it's successor as the governing
po Section s'a Il. The provisions hereof are
eans pana TIE Several au boards and bodies
herein referred to shall carry the same
] into effect.
| amendment pSaposed by this act shall be
sla - selectors of the State for
I'm seppf9Sa or rejection at the Congress
election to be hed on ns h M
month of November, 1916; that there shall
be printed on the official ballots to be used
at said election the words: - 49,
CONSTITUTION of the State OF LOUISIANA
providing for the funding of certain debts
Hoard l1 Of Directors S of the Public Schools,
Parish of Orleans and the words:
| Against the proposed amendment to
| the Constitution Of the State OF Louislaan "a
for the funding Of CERTAIN ria oe qe ts
Board of Directors of the Public Schools,
/ Parish of Orleans
and that each e1ector shall indicate on
| the ballot cast by him, as provided by
/ the general election laws OF the State
whether he votes for or against the pro-
/ posed amendment.
HEWITT BOUANCHAUD,
4 Speaker of the House of Representative
FERNAND MOUTON,
4 Lieut.. Gov. and President of the Senate
| Approved: June 5, 1916.
4 r. G. PLEASANT,
Governor of the State of Louisiana
| A true copy:
i JAMES D. BAILEY,
Secretary of State
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1916-10-28

ACT NO. 10.
House Bill No. By Mr.. Heintz.
JOINT RESOLUTION
Proposing an amendment to. Article ll3
of the Constitution of the State OF
Louisiana on the subject of Juvenile
Courts.
Section l. Be it resolved by the General
Assembly of the State of Louisiana, two
thirds of all the members elected to each
House concurring, that the fifth section
of Article 113 OF the Constitution of the
State of Louisiana. be, and the same Is
hereby repealed
Section q Be it further resolved, ETC.,
that this proposed amendment shall be
submitted to the qualified electors OF the
State for adoption or rejection at the
Congressional election to be held on
Tuesday, November Z. 1916.
Section 5. Be it further resolved, etc,
that on the official ballots to be used at
said election there shall be placed the
words: For the proposed amendment to
iana,. and the words, Against the pro-
Constitution of Louisiana and each
eiegtor shall indicate, as provided in the
general election laws of this State, for
which of the propositions he votes
HEWITT BOUANCHAUD,
Speaker of the House of Representatives,
ETHELRED M. STAFFORD,
President Pro Tempore of the Senate.
Approved: June 16, 1916.
r. G. PLEASANT,
Governor OF the State of Louisiana.
JAMES J. BAILEY,
Secretary of State.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1916-10-28
ACT NO. rs.

Az NV Cos
Senate Bill No. Thy Mr.. Leon r. Smith.
AN ACT
Proposing an amendment to Article 270
OF the Constitution of the State Of
Louisiana, relative to the voting and
levying. of special taxes in aid of
public Improvements.
Assembly of the State of Louisiana. two
thirds of all members elected to each
House concurring, That Article go of the
Constitution of the State of Louisiana be
Article go. The General Assembly shall
have power to enact general laws au-
thorizing the parochial, ward and mu-
Of the majority of the property taxpayers,
in number entitled to vote under the
provisions of this Constitution, and in
public improvements. railway enterprises,
river transportation lines, such as steam
boat and barge lines, and navigation
canals; provided, that such tax shall not
exceed the rate of five mills per annum,
nor extend for a longer period than ten
years; and provided further. that no tax
payer shall be permitted to vote at such
parish, u @br municipality to be affected.
Section 2. Be it further resolved, etc.
Constitution o Of the state Of Louisiana Be
submitted to the electors of the State at
the next election for Representatives in
Gongress to TO- be holden on the frst Tues
1916, and on the official ballots to be used
at said election shall be placed the words:
FOR the proposed amendment to Article
Louisiana and the words Against the
proposed amendment to Article 270 Of the
Constitution of the State of Louisiana, =
vided in the general election laws of the
State, which Of the propositions, for" or
against he votes for. .m
sor4f on1 preSifant nf tho Spnafn
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1916-10-28
ACT MO. 68.

ACT NO. 68.
By Mr. KantZ, Chairman, Committee ON
City Affairs. Substitute for House
Bill No. 178, by Mr.. Barrett.
JOINT RESOLUTION
Proposing an amendment to the Consti-
tuition Of the State of Louisiana, grant
ing to the City of New Orleans power
to construct, equip. maintain and
operate. through and by the Public
Belt Railroad Commission of the City
of New Orleans, bridges and tunnels
across the Mississippi River at or near
New Orleans, and to do various acts
incidental thereto and to the operation
generally of the Public Belt Railroad
system of the City of New Orleans,
and providing for the submission of
said amendment to the electors of the
State for their approval or rejection:
Section l. Be 1t enacted by the General
Assembly of the State of Louisiana, two
thirds OF all the members elected to each
house concurring, that subject to the
ratification and approval of the electors
of the State, the Constitution of the State
be amended by Incorporating therein the
following provisions, to-wit:
6} The City of New Orleans is hereby
granted plenary and exclusive power by
such means and methods as it may deem
meet and proper not in conflict with the
provisions of this amendment.
(a) To construct, equip, maintain and
operate across the Mississippi River at or
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1916-05-19
LEICESTER.

Mrs Nette DelanO and Miss Flora
Delano of Shoreham were Saturday
guests at Woodland.
Mrs. Moses Stewart remains about the
same.
A telephone message from the Pitts
ford Sanatorium was recently received e,
saying that Miss Ruth Stewart was
better
Miss Sarah Horton has returned to the
Misses Wilson in Jerusalem, where she
will remain during the summer.
Mrs. Phoebe Bennett of Lincoln is
assisting in caring for Mrs Helen Brown
son.
Charles Chamberlain of Boston, who
has been visiting his grandfather,
Charles Myatt, for week, returned to
bis home on Monday.
The Willing Workers met with Mrs.
Charles johnson Thursday. Last week
the society sent Mrs. Helen Brownson "A
wonder Bag. Mrs. Brownson is very
apprecative of the gift so thoughtfully
prepared and given.
Mr.. and Mrs. c. Young and Mr.. and
Mrs. Carl Bacon Of Middlebury were
Sunday guests of Mr., and Mrs. Oscar
Schroeder,
Mrs. l.. o. Hathaway of Fernvile
accompanied Mr.. aud Mrs. Charles Otis
to Cornwall on Saturday where she re.
manned as their guest for couple of
days.
Mrs Roy Howard Cole substituted in
the Fernville school on Monday as the
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1916-05-19
COUNTY NEWS


The attendance upon presidential
primary on the 10Th was very light and
not much interest shown, The vote,
Hughes 30, Wilson 2, Roosevelt b.
Mr., aud Mrs, G., H. FAIR, their daugh-
ter, Edith, aud son, George, on Saturday
last started ON trip by auto, While
near the Peck place IN New Haven
there was headon collision with
another machine IN which several Of the
passengers were thrown out, Mrs FAIR
receiving diHculored eye and bad
bruises on one side, the others escaping
with u general shaking up.
We had very severe storm Of wind
on the llth that In intensity nearly or
quite equaIled the hardest storms Of the
past winter We hear Of no damage
having been done
The first dandelons in blossom were
seen on the 18th
Austin and Fred Eubar have each
tlier pair Of horses sick,
Mrs. n j, Atwood has improved in
health,
Henry Murray had the misfortune to
ma MS COW, Whlch was valuable one,
dead in the pasture few days ago, II
was supposed that the animal ate some
poisonous vegetation,
he first shad blossoms were seen on
the 10Th and were welcome,
In regard to an item in Register
short time ago relative toa Mrs, Smith
who was said to be- stopping at Mrs,
llale's She IL not there nor haa she
been here though our informant told us
that he had seen her
Mrs, j, f. Stoidard ia visiting her
father and other relatives in Springfield,
Ludlow, Palmer, and West Brookiield
Mass and will probably be gone for
several weeks
Prof Charles Billings Of Poultney is
with US for short time looking well
and hearty
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1916-05-19
teacher was i'll.

E.C. Dickerson and Mrs. Brownson
have received message from Reber,
y. Y, saying that their cousin, Palmer
DickerSon, passed away on Friday, the
18th The funeral was held on Sunday,
the lith, Mr., Dickerson visited here
several years ago and many will remem-
Der him.
Mrs. Georgianna Bachelor was a
weekend and over Sunday guest of DR.,
and Mrs, tombstone in Orwell
Mr. and Mrs C. X. Jenning came from
Essex Junction on Saturday to visit Mr..
jennings mother, Mrs. Brownson, for a
couple Of days.
Mrs Abraham Ploof and children are
visiting her sister, Mrs. S ,muel Johnson;
in Mechanicsville for the week.
Mr. and Mrs. Reginald Hooker were in
Pittsford for weekend guests of relatives
and friends.
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1916-05-19
WEYBRIDGE.

Mr.. and Mrs, c. r. BritteII we're bust.
ness visitors in Burlington Thursday.
a, w, Sturtevant, who has been quite
sick, is little more comfortable at this
writing.
Several from here went to Middlebury
Sunday night to hear Bishop Henderson,
ldr, and Mrs. Luther Rhodes and Mr..
and Mrs, Bert Gone and son, Wayne, of
Lincoln, visited Rev. Mr.. Reed a. the
parsonage Sunday and attended church
here
Mr. and Mrs. George HER returned
from Rutland Tuesday, where they
spent several days with their son, Fred,
and family,
Mr.. and Mrs. T. F. Dewey and family
visited at w. NJ, Stoves in New Haven
Sunday
Cards have been received in town for
the wedding of Priscilla Ring of New
Haven and c.. d, Hoffnagle Of the same
town Wednesday evening, May "a.
Work was commenced last Tuesday
laying a new plank flooring on the west
bridge in the village.
There not being quorum present at
the meeting of the New Haven West
Cemetery association called for last Sat
urday evening. the annual meeting was
again adjourned to Saturday, May 81, at
1880 p. m, at Weybridge town hall.
j. A. Harrington and family of Ver-
gennes and his sister, Miss Lucy of Rut-
land, motored here last Sunday and
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1916-05-19
NEW HAVEN.

The first thunder shower Of the season
occurred last Monday night which was
quite heavy and luminous also,
Mothers Day was observed last Sun.
day, the pastor using it rs the theme Of
his discourse, which was very interesting
The white flower was quite m evidence,
as the simple tribute in Commemoration
Of the day,
w. NJ, Bennett has new Ford car.
The funeral Of Mrs, Joseph Barrows,
who recently sustained "a severe shock Of
paralysis was held at the Catholic church
in Nergennes last Tuesday morning at
nine o'clock,
Arbor Day was observed by the stu.
dents Of Beeman High school,
Invitations are issued to the marriage
Of Miss Priscilla j. Ring and Clyde b.
Hotlnagle both of this town, on We'd
nesday evening, May "a, at the home Of
the brides parents Mr. and Nlrs, o, II.
Ring
Mr., and Mrs, d, \, RoIeau are planning
for their usual Long Point season, Mrs.
Roleau is greatly improved.
Rev, Clyde Sumner, former resident
of this town, i, located in Ephratah,
y. \.
Mrs, Emily Wright Wales Of Burlng-
ton was at lat report quite i'll at the
home Of her brother, Frank Wright,
with pneumonia,
f, A. Doud and wife attended the
meeting of the Nergennes Grange las
week Friday evening
At the last annual meeting of the
Ladies Union all the old officers were
reelected. The treasurer s report showed
the society in good working order. The
society has given $50 during the year
towards the town expenses, memberships
and monthly fees, and for missionary
work about so. There is now 1856 in
the treasury.
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1916-05-19
Deferred.l

Mr.. and Mrs. James Wilbur have
moved from the Avery house, where
they have lived during the winter, to
their home place. Mr., Wilbur's home
was destroyed by fire last spring
Mr. and Mrs, Frank Mills are guests of
Mr., and Mrs. Charles Hardy.
Mr.. and Mrs, Charles Burnham of Bur
lington were guests of Mrs. Minnie Hall
for week
Garfield Rickert is stopping with
Truman Townsend's family during the
remainder of the school term,
Mr., and Mrs. Julius Goodrich left
Tuesday afternoon for Antrim, n. H.,
where they each have position in a
hotel
Miss Mable Moore was taken seriously
i'll Sunday morning, while getting ready
for church. At last accounts she was
slightly improved,
There will be several new automobiles
in town this summer.
B. c. Fiske of Worcester, Mass, was in
town the last of the week on a brief
business trip. Mr.. Fiske has recently
returned from the South, where he with
Mrs. Fiske spent the latter part of the
winter. Mr., Fiske will go Immediately
to Baltimore and Washington, d, c., re-
turning to Worcester later.
Charles Wyatt, jr., of Boston was the
guest of his father in Fernvlle last
week.
Frank GambelI has purchased fine
driving horse of DR.. Averil of Brandon
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1916-05-19
BLOCKADE.
Every Household in Middlebury
should Know How to
Resist it.

If your back aches because the kidneys
are blockaded.
You should help the kidneys with
their work
Doan's Kidney Pills are especially for
weak kidneys.
Recommended by thousands--home
testimony proves their merit.
Mrs. John Sgnor, Seymour St, Mid
dlebury, saws | suffered intensely
from kidney complaint at one time and
got splendid relief from Doan's Kidney
Pills. On a later occasion | again had
symptoms of kidney trouble and | got
Doan's Kidney Pills at Sheldon's Drug
Store. They quickly brought relief from
the pains in my back aud strengthened
my kidneys
Price SOC, at all dealers. Don't simply
ask for a kidney remedy-get Doan's
Kidney PilIs--the same that Mrs. Signor
has twice publicly recommended. Fost-
er-Milburn Co., Props, Buffalo, N. Y.
ADV.
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1916-05-19
called on relatives.

called on relatives.
During the heavy gales last week
several silos were blown down in this
vicinity.
Under the auspices Of the Ladies Aid
and the Improvement societies ice cream
and cake will be served in the church
parlorS on the afternoon of Memorial
day. In the evening an entertainment
will be given at the town hall, consisting
of the play, PEARSON Poors Donation
Party to be followed by the farce THAT
Awful Carpet Bag" Good music will
be furnished by the Weybridge orches-
ira. Refreshments will be served at the
close,
A well attended meeting of the Farm.
ers' club was held at the town hall last
Monday evening and many items of i'm
portance were discussed
Miss Marguerite Patnode was taken to
the Fanny Allen hospital last Tuesday
night for an operation for appendicitis.
At the primary election for voting for
president of the United States held here
last Tuesday the result was Charles f.
Hughes, 90 Theodore Roosevelt, rep, 6,
Theodore Roosevelt, prog, 6, Woodrow
Wilson, 2, defective, 3.
At the republican caucus held Tuesday
evening for the election of delegates to
the convention at Montpelier, May 2G,
the following were elected: Herbert l..
Thompson, Silas B. Hobbs, with power
to choose their own alternates. The old
committee consisting of E, L. Wright,
C. r. Brittel and L. A. Roscoe were
reelected.
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1916-05-19
PANTON.

Mr. and Mrs Jessie Dixie of East Adj
Olson spent Sunday with MIR. and Mrs
Ebert Stage.
Mr. and Mrs. Erick Trask of Worcester,
Mass, are visiting friends here.
Mr. and Mrs Leroy Benson and daugh-
ter. Beulah, of Bridport, spent Saturday
and Sunday with Mr., and Mrs. Warren
Norton,
Edward Davis has returned from
Worcester, Mass.
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1916-05-19
Addison County Cow Testing Association.

The following table the the the
which produced than 80 pounds of buttera
milk during the period of 80 days ending April 10 1916
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1916-05-19

Itch! Itch Itch!-Scratch! Scratch!
Scratch! The more you scratch, the
worse the itch, Try Doans Ointment
For eczema, any skin itching. SOC a
box. ADV.
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1916-05-19
Mother Gray's Sweet Powders fol
Children

For Feverishness Bad Stomach, Teethng Disor-
ders. move and regulate the Bowels and are pleas
ant remedy for Worm. Used by Mothers for %
years They never fail. At all druggists, Csc. Sam
pie FREE. Address. Mother Gray Co., Leroy,
N. Y. 1s
The Washington herald., 1916-02-08
ASK WILSON TO TOUR
south FOR DEFENSE
Executive Will Deliver Two Addresses
on Preparedness at Washington
Banquets This Week.

Pressure is being exerted upon Pres
1dent Wilson by Southern Democratic
leaders to secure his invasion of the
South on preparedness stumping tour
This is regarded by administration
leaders as tine first tangible result OF
the Presidents campaign into the Mid
die West 1t has inspired among the
Presidents friends a more optimistic
spirit regarding the outlook for the
preparedness program
The President is said to feel that n
little longer period is required in order
that the recently aroused section OF
public opinion assert itself
As indicating this attitude, It was an.
nounced yesterday that the President
will renew his appeal to the country
in two speeches to be delivered in
Washington this week. The first will
be an address to the Chamber of Com
merce of the United States on Thursday
night. On the same night the President
Will stop in at a banquet Of the Po-
tomac Encampment OF the Grand Army
OF the Republic. Both speeches will be
on the subject of national defense.