The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1916-02-17

4
for munition purposes, the price of nj
trate of soda advanced approximate
ly $1.1O per hundred pounds during
the year prior to November, 1915. Only
very small percentage of the nitrates
imported from the Chilean beds gees
| into fertilizers, being mainly incor-
porated in special brands for green
house and trucking purposes. This
item alone, therefore. will not cause
| much embarrassment TO American
farmers. W
e By-Product Of Coal.
| One of the most important sources
of nitrogen for commercial fertilizer
purposes is ammonium sulphate- This
is produced as a by-product in the de-
structive distillation of coal for the
preparation of coke. The nitrogen
contained in the coal is evolved as am
monia and is caught and neutralized
with suiphuric acid Formerly all coke
was made in the beehive oven, which
did not provide for the confinement of
the combustible gases produced. These
were burned as evolved and the am
monia carried by them was likewise
lost. The domestic production Of am
monium sulphate from the coke oven is
only one-fifth of what it could be were
| the beehive oven entirely displaced by
more modern types. During the past
| few years there has been slow tran
sition from the use of the beehive
| oven. 1t is not imperative, therefore,
| to resort to extreme measures to in
crease the production of ammonia.
Another source of nitrogen is found
in garbage The investigations Of the
| bureau of soils indicate that il the
garbage of all cities having a popula-
tion of 10000 and over were converted
into garbage tankage, the product
would be worth for fertilizer purposes
at least S3,5O0,000. In view of the
present situation, immediate steps
should be taken by all municipalities
to conserve the garbage and to make
it available for use in the fertilizer
| trade.
The bureau of soils is studying also
| the problem of the fixation of atmos-
pheric nitrogen with view to develop
a method for the production of am
monium phosphate and other forms OF
| concentrated fertilizers. No ammoni-
| UNI phosphate is being made in this
country at the present time. Ii cheap
| water power, phosphate rock, coal, and
| limestone can be found in accessible
| localities, the possibility of making
this material on a commercial scale is
| considered entirely feasible. The
greatest difficulty here is to discover
! cheap water power at points where
| phosphate rock, coal, and limestone
are readily available. The department
is making every effort to locate avail
able sources of developed water power
which can be used in the manufacture
of ammonium phosphate and other fer
| tiliZers.
1t must not be understood that the
suggestions which have been made, or
the efforts which are now being put
forth, will result in immediate relief
for farmers. There is a number OF
technical problems which have to be
solved if these fertilizers are TO be
produced on a commercial scale, and,
even if the funds for the necessary
plants were provided, either from pri'
vate or public sources, considerable
time necessarily would be required for
the erection of the plants and for their
full operation.
Save Fertilizer Elements.
In the unusual conditions existing
in the fertilizer trade, it is important
| that all fertilizing materials on the
farm, especially those containing pot.
ash, should be conserved. The fer
tilizer ingredients already existing in
| the soil should be utilized and devel-
oDed to the fullest extent. great
deal can be accomplished in this di-
rection by deep blowing, constant cul-
| tivation, and thorough tillage: There
| should be proper system of rotation.
Especially where one crop has been
grown for several years different
/ one should be planted this year. Green
manures and cover crops should be
used as much as possible in their
proper rotation.
OF the organic substances, manure.
both solid and liquid, is the most i'm
portant and should be utilized where
ever possible. All material CT an or
ganic nature, such as leaves and bed
ding of various sorts, should be com
posted and the compost applied to the
soil. Special attention should be given
| also to the conservation Of wood-ashes.
Depending on the character Of the
wood, they contain potash in quaint.
ties varying ordinarily from three to
| ten per cent All tree trimmings,
brush cuttings, ETC., should be burned
and the ashes derived thercfrom util-
| lied.
The application of lime to many
soils is of undoubted benefit. Though
the availability of the fertilizing ele-
ments in the soil may not be greatly
Increased by it's use, the resulting
| Improvement in physical and bacterial
conditions may increase considerably
the productiveness of the soil.
| Farmer Buried Alive.
| urorcau Ind -MartiH Grepnhaum a