davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1916-04-15

The meaning Of America lies in the
ideal she represents. That ideal IS
liberty and opportunity. But beauti-
ful as any ideal may be, it becomes
of practical value when it has effec-
tiveness in the daily lives of men and
women.
Real liberty and opportunity mean
a certain mental attitude toward life,
certain standards of life and work,
and possession of that which secures
the enjoyment of opportunities.
America the ideal-the land of the
free-exists only when her people are
Americans il all things.
Ours has been a most perilous task
to weld together those from other
lands who Nave sought our shores and
to make of them homogeneous people
"a nation with common ideals, COM
mon standards of living, a. national
language and an ideal national
patriotism.
America, the Ideal.
The building Of a nation is not
thing of chance-it is the result of
craftsmanship, knowledge Of tenden-
cies, a discernment of cause and
effect, ability to distinguish the good
from the evil.
Too long our national policies have
been determined by sentimental emo
tions, business profits and political
expediency. But there must come a
change. These months Of terrible
warfare have compelled a testing Of
things that have passed over. THE
world is ,afire"-and we must put our
own house in order lest We, too, be
caught unawares. We must search
out each weakness and strengthen
every danger point. -
The workers of America make the
demand that there shall be restriction
Of immigration to such as can be
readily identified and .assimlated
with Americans and can become truly
American 8 ..:s. sts
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1916-04-15
CHILD POVERTY IS
BREEDER Of CRIME
Federal Investigation Bill Intro
duced At Most 0pportune
Time.
CHILD DELINQUENCY
OUTCOME OF POVERTY
Economist Tells of Findings of
Illinois Vice Commission
Strong Indictment.
By SCOTT NEARING

Dy -oNOll
(Protesor of Economics, University
of Toledo.)
(The Labor Worlds Special service)
The Keating- g-Kenyon resolution
calling for an investigation into the
extent of child poverty in the United
States is made especially timely by
the accommodating weight of evidence
that child poverty is fertile breed
ing ground for vice and crime.
A Chinese proverb holds that
Crime begins in poverty" Most re-
cent social investigations lend an ever
growing emphasis to our belief in the
CORRECTNESS of this statement.
Poverty Explains Vice.
The home surroundings under
which many boys ond girls grow up
furnish wholly satisfying explana-
ton of the lives Of crime and vice
into which the children fall. The
fariest flower is ruined if it is drag
ged into the mire. Children cannot
hope to learn decency in homes where
according to a recent report on the
poor children of a great American
city, MANY have no beds to sleep in.
They cuddle together on the hard
floors.'
Lines Seldom Meet.
He points out that q charge is
never ordered until the resistance of
the enemy has been broken by artil-
cry fire. It is only rarely that a
charge is met by a. counter charge, al
though such a struggle is by no
means unknown, as shown by the
records. When two lines do meet,
it is because the attackers have
reached point where the cannot be
we'll failed by the big guns. The only
way they can be thrown back is to
send men in with the bayonet. This
is a dangerous remedy, for if the at
tackers break the counter charge
there is no telling where the victor
ious sweep may end.
Evils from Exhaustion.
"A fayonet-> charge is usually the
slow ample Of a. lot of brutal1y tired
men over the ground that has been
torn to pieces by the big guns said
Dowd." One never goes forward with
head up, gun canted over the right
shoulder, eyes bright and elert, and
flags flying, as one sees in pictures.
The men grope their way forward at
half trot, heads bent forward to
study the ground, guns carried
loosely in one hand. For hours
sometimes for days-one has been
carrying pack of so pounds or more.
Sleep has come only through utter ex-
haustion. All night one has been on
the alert against surprise attacks and
has marched by day. One has
reached that point of utter fatigue
when the nerve can hardly whip mus
Gle on"
Another investigation reports an
entire family living in one room; a
man, wife, three shildren and two
boarders eating and sleeping in a
kitchen and one bedroom.
Similar conditions force themselves
upon our attention from the pages of
every recent study of standards of
living, leaving no doubt in the mind
of the thoughtful observer that the
children brought up under such
frightfu1 surroundings must neces-
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1916-04-15

The Labor World has devoted considerable space of
late appealing the unorganzed workers of Duluth to-
become enrolled under the banner trade unionism
The officers the State Federation of Labor and the
members of the local organization committees work
ing among the non-union and within the past six
weeks nearly 1000 new union members have been ad-
mtted into existing labor organizations and in
eral newly organized unions.
Most of the men so far organized of the skilled
workers. We want to reach the unskilled workers. and
they be reached if the right kind OF effort put
forth to organize them
In appealing to the unorganized workngmen we seek
only to point out way for them to better their cond
tions. We nightly impressed this week with an
article by Samuel Gompers president of the American
Federation of Labor '"The Rising Tide Organza-
tion'
Everywhere throughout the country labor is gather
ing under the trade union banner The calls for or
ganizers great that the American Federation
Labor finds it difficult to fill the field. 1t must depend
largely the work of volunteers These volunteers
not reach many workmen the newspapers can, so
prompted to print this week the following spen-
did tribute to organization from of Mr.. Com
pers We submit that it worthy of the careful read
ing Of every workingman in this vicinity:
It's in the air-a vibrant hope that leading into
tomorrow road to better things. It's contagious
something. infectious spirit of courage and inspra
ton that extends from the toilers of packing house
those actors behind the footlights from the
teachers in the public schools to the yet unorganized
workers in the steel plants; from employees clerks
the Federal Government to miners deving far down in
the depths of mines To highly skilled unskilled
to those with high standards of living those with
law to those of American customs and ideals to those yet
unfamiliar with the traditions and the language
land, there the vision thrilling with new oppor-
tunties with the of the attainment rights
and justice.
This thing which brings hope to so many, which
points out the road to better things, that intangible
nvincble powerful revolutionizng force called organ
zaton.
Organization is the way whereby the toilers of all
have found redress from wrongs secured
eEeater opportunities. Organization has and
found effective. -: -: -.
There is nothing about organization that belongs to
particular group of workers. to special work;
to any particular degree skill kind of prepara-
tion for work.
Organization is universal principle that has mean
ing for those who work with their hands, with their
brains, with both.
Workers of all calings learn that there are
principles of human welfare which of paramount i'm
portance. Conditions of daily and living will not
be in accord with these principles welfare un
less those workers primarily some con-
cetion of their interests and prepared sustained
efforts to realize their ideals
| Organization is only intelligent attitude toward
everyday problems-the fundamental things of lfe It
is preparedness for the best development take ad
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1916-04-15
SHORTER W0RKDAY
TOHELP:sH|PPERs
Railroad Brotherhoods Tell why
It Takes So Long to Ship
Freight.
ROADS ECONOIMZE AT
EXPENSE OF SERVICE
Hold Cars At Terminal Until Full
Train Can Be Made.
Up.

The railroad brotherhoods who are
asking for an eight hour day, claim
that it would be great benefit to the
public who ship and receive freight.
Some Of their reasons are that in
these days of keen competition and
quick changes of styles in manufact-
ured goods. merchants are sadly
handicape by the fact that freight
shipments are so slow that the styles
change and discounts are lost through
delay in receiving goods.
All merchants and most manufac-
turers try to buy in as small quantities
as possible and make quick turnovers
in their stock, but with slow freight
shipments it is impossible to do this.
Long Trains So Traffic.
Railroads, in order to increase their
earnings per train mile, are loading
their locomotives with every car that
they can possibly pull.
Trains are not made up at division
or terminal points until a. sufficient
number of loaded cars are accumu-
lated in the terminal to make up the
full tonnage of the locomotive. Cars
containing merchandise are held up
at terminal points until enough other
cars show up at that criminal point
to make up a long train.
Three Weeks from New York.
When it is remembered that ship
ments say from New York to towns in
the middle west pass through from Is
to 20 terminal or division points,
meaning delays at each point, it can
be readily be seen how serious the
aggregate of time lost would be to
merchants and. jobbers. When these
long trains are finally made up at
each division point they are loaded to
full capacity and drag along at snairs
pace. The trains are so long that
oftentimes the sidinss will not: hold
them and at meeting points between
two trains on single track railroads
more time is lost by trains having to
saw" by.
Another .factor-of -r>ilroaA ding today
IS the fact that in these long trains
only: cars that are in perfect condi-.
ton can be used, because of the
strain upon the couplers and under
framing which result in pulled-out
drawhe4ds, broken car frames, etc.
This is one of the reasons for car
shortage, becaue, as soon as the car
begins to detoriOate, it must be placed
on the side tract and taken out of SER
vice.
Why the 8-Hour Day.
If trains were moved more rapidly
cars would reach their destination, be
unloaded and put back in service
quicker. The train crews in asking
for a basic eight hour day. means
that freight trains must make an
average of 12h miles per hour in
order to avoid payment of overtime
instead Of the 10 miles per hour as at
present. There is no demand for any
change in the passenger service-only
freight.
Under the present 10 hour day sys-
tenn there is no penalty for working
a man overtime, cosequently, if train
crews are kept on the road longer
than 10 hours payment made for
overtime other than the regular pay
ment per hour that the trainmen get
before the 10 hours expired. Under
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1916-04-15

NON-UNION BAKERY IN FOLD.
ST. LOUIS. Mo-, April 13.-The
Mckinney Bakery company has
signed contract with Bakers union
No and the Bakery Wagon Drivers
union, after a short strike of the lat
ter organization. This concern has
opposed organized labor for Is years.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1916-04-15
PROFIT FOR WESTERN UNION.

NEW YORK, April 13.-The annual
report of the Western Union Tele-
grayh company shows surplus of
$1S,S82,968.62. The gross operat-
in revenues increased over 1914 by
$4,907,019. It is stated that the in
crease in expense was comparatively
small.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1916-04-15
TRACKAlEN RETURN TO WORK

CARBONDALE, Pa, April 13.-
Trackmen and other unskilled labor
ers employed by the Ontario & West
ern railroad have secured wage in
crease as the result of strike.
About $50 men are benefited.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1916-04-15

Continued on Page 2.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1916-04-15

The intelligent, common sense
workingmen prefer to deal with the
problems of today, with which they
must contend if they want to make
advancements, rather than to deal
with a picture or a dream.-Gom-
pers.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1916-04-15

Continued ON Page 2.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-12-26
TO INACCURATE NEW
GOVERNOR JANUARY 8
Gov. RalstOn Announces He viii
Complete Plans for Occa-
sion This Week

INDIANAPOLIS. Ind. Dec. 26.-
Gov. RalstOn announced Monday
night that he Will complete this
week plans for the inauguration of
James +. Goodrich. governor-elect.
The event will take place in the
state house Jan. s. a platform will
be constructed in the rotunda for
the exercises. The Rev. Harry Hop
per. pastor Of the First Presbyter-
ion church OF Winchester. will Of
hciate as clergyman. He is the pas
tor OF the governOr-eloct's church.
Governor and Mrs. Ralyton will hold
reception in the governors office
after the ceremonies. At the con-
clusion of the reception the office
Will be turned over formally 10 Mr..
Goodrich.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-12-26
Rev. RyIe, Dean of WeStmin-
Ster, Declares President
Had Fit of Mental
Alteration.

LONDON. Dec. 26.-The dean OF
Westminster, the Right Rev. Her
bert Edward Ryle. preaching in the
abby Monday. said:
1t is our resolves. God helping
US. 10 overthrow military brigand-
age in Europe, TO rescue the Hber-
ties and homes of the desOlated
countries. 20 obtain for these people
reparation for their wrongs and for
humanity lasting securities against
a recurrence Of aggressive violence
and crime.
Says Belgium Outraged.
1T is true that the president OF
the United States, after two years OF
study of the question and innumer-
able notes, seems TO believe that the
object Of the two groups Of bellig-
erents is the same. He knows that
Germany refused arbitration, de-
clined a conference and rejected
every overture to prevent war. He
knows that his own cOuntrymen
have poured money like water to as
sist the destitute and outraged rem
nants of the little Belgium people:
whose treaty rights were violated
and whose frontiers were invaded
before war was declared. He knows
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-12-26
HERE'S A NEW WAY TO
RELIEVE. ACHING FEET

Everyone who has 90 spend many hours
standing up on hard floors or walking
long distances suffers more or less from
bot tired. aching. burning. sweaty feet.
They can get rid ~ this trouble IA a few
minutes and at very slight expense. Sc
cure e. package of Wa-Ne-Ta from your
druggist and when you get home battle
Ftur feet for a few minutes In warm wa
Ter In which two or three tablets u this
preparation have been dissolved The
aches and pains viii vanish like magic
aad the feet viii De- coOlS comfortable and
happy Na-Ne-Ta added 90 your bath
ie q delightful cleanser and diSinfeetant
removing Impurities aud blnishing body
odor~ Wa-Ne-Ta Is cu slle "a nearly ain
drug stores FOR - cents. ~ your drug
gist hasn't DO and YOU want % test this
preparation. send us 10 cents % cover
cost - packing aud mailing and We will
forward sample package 90 your ad-
dress prepaid l.. g. Laudon Co. south
Bend. Ind ADV.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-12-26

figure. however must be deducted
the railroads annual tax bill. ap-
proximately $155, 625,5 and bad
debts-down on the books as un-
collectible revenue-approNim
$965.92S, a total of $156,591,4 54.
About $50, 500 miles of railroad were
in operation during the year In the
first months the total fell below
100000; during the latter part of
the year, il exceeded 100000 Us
ing 100000 as an average. returns
show that for every mile Of road
operated in the country the railroads
will receive this year approximately
$15.655 in gross receipts. and a net
income of S4.774 or little more than
80 percent of the gross.
81 Percent over 1915.
Compared with previous earnings,
net income for 1916 shows an in
crease of more than 50 percent over
the fiscal year of 1915; SO percent
over 1914, and "a percent over 1913.
Wide divergence in receipts among
the roads of various sections IS
shown. The over burdened railroads
OF the east have skinned the cream
of the traffic The congestion at
eastern seaports and on almost
every eastern road has spelled in
glutted sidings a slow moving traf-
fc, a flood Of revenue the like OF
which was undreamed of even a year
ago For every mile OF the $4,000
in the eastern group. more than
$50, 900 has been received in revenue
and every mile has earned a net in
come of nearly 5000.
While the usual eastward trend OF
traffic. the great demands of ma
tons of war and the location OF
most OF the country's factories. mu-
milton and otherwise. in the east are
attributed as prime causes for this
condition. secondary attributes are
said 20 lie in the fact that eastern
roads for the most part have short
hauls and travel Gensely populated
areas. Especially is this noticeable
in the revenue from passenger traf-
c. eastern roads with $4,000 miles
having received almost as much in
passenger fares as all the rest Of the
roads in the country put together,
with a total of 170.SOO miles.
The railroads OF the south with
1880 miles come next 10 those OF
the east in revenue per mile. with
S11.922, about SIS percent of which
what the eastern roads received.
Net income on southern roads was
approximately $4,000 per mile. on
western roads the revenue per mile
was approximately S11,217. with net
income OF 1854. The western roads,
however. show a greater net income
in proportion 20 receipts thar il
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-12-26

tage Of net income to gross receipts
was:
For the entire country approx
mately 80 percent; for eastern and
southern roads, % percent; for
western roads. 80 percent The diff
ference is attributed by officials TO
careful administration and TO high
er tariffs prevalent in the thinly
settled sections Of the west than in
the east
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-12-26
London Pastor Raps Wilson
For Sending Peace Note

Ct the infractions of The Hague
conventions. which the American
people have studiously promoted.
HE knows all the details of the
organized atrocities reported upon
in strict inquiries. He knows OF the
sinking of unarmed passenger ships,
like the Lus,.ania and Arabia, with
out notice or warning. He knows Of
the murder of Capt. Fryatt, OF the
nocturnal deportations OF Belgians
and French into slavery. He knows
OF German connivance at Armenian
massacres. And yet ne is Of the
opinion that the nations who are
leagued TO disarm this evil demoniac
OF national militarism have the
same airl in view as the perpetrat-
ors Of these historic crimes.
Mental Alteration
"Prest Wilson has either in a fit
OF mental alteration sent the wrong
note, or he has entirely misappre-
hended the European situation.
These things are black and vile.
The very thought of them on Christ
mas day makes one shudder. Does
any one suppose that peace would
be honorable which regarded the as
sailants and defenders of humanity
as having in view the same ends?
What kind Of unity of aim do you
expect between wolves and sheep
dogs over the fleece of torn lambs?
Peace on the basis OF such a
hypothesis would be only an arm
istice giving an exhausted foe a
much needed interval for recupera-
ton before renewing his Unsuitable
passion for the hegemOny Of the
world and the destruction of his
rivals with a savage war"
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-12-26
BIG STORM HITS
BOYS IN MEXICO
Officers and Men Are Forced
to Seek Shelter Before
Terrific Blasts.

FIELD HEADQUARTERS PUNI-
TIVE EXPEDITION IN MEXICO.
Dec. 26.-Dust smothered the great
Christmas celebration at the field
headquarters Of the American punt
tive expedition. A terrific gale from
the southwest drove officers into
their quarters and soldiers into their
little shelters, gasping for breath.
Swirling down the chimneys of the
adobe shacks. il sent the occupants
into the open air until the fires in
the CRATES could be extinguished. the
smoke cleared out and the shelters
rendered habitable. Tents were
fiattened. adobe houses and offices
unroofed and kitchen fires blown
out
Because of the gale every man
not on guard duty was allowed 10
seek shelter from the dust. Order
lies, sent out with messages. be,
came lost in the limits OF the camp
and took an hour 10 walk a thou
sand yards. Travel without dust
goggles was impossible. Hundreds
of men are hatless who, not realiz-
ing the force of the wind, ventured
into the open only TO see their head
gear swept away over the mesa. The
headquarters camp appeared as a
great blur.
Sunlight Shut Out.
Although the day was cloudless.
hardly a ray of sunlight pierced the
enveloping dust.
Most of the offices were lighted
by gasoline and lanterns
The wind rose Christmas eve and
increased in violence steadily. BY
daylight the music of the bands
which played carols instead of
bugles sounding reveille. was heard
only in snatches.
Gen. J. J. Pershing directed the
effort of a score of orderlies to save
his living quarters from blowing
away. IL was impossible 10 see more
than three feet in any direction for
hours at a time. Two artillerymen
were injured by falling adobe walls,
one had a leg broken. the other
hip.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-12-26
sIoan's Imminent for sun Joints.

Rheumatic pains and aches get
into the joints and muscles. making
every movement torture. Relieve
your suffering with Sloan's Liniment;
il quickly penetrates without rub
bling. and soothes and warns your
sore muscles. The cOcgested blood is
stimulated TO action: a single apph-
cation viii drive out the pain. Sloan S
Lniment is clean. convenient and
quickly effective. IL does not stain
the skin or clog the pores. Get a bot
tie today at your Druggist. 25c, -
Adv.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-12-26
MORE NEUTRAlS TO MAKE
PEACE MOVES SOON
Scandinavian Government and HoI-
land Expected TO Follow Late
Note of Switzerland.

BERLIN (by wireless to Sayville)
Dec. 26.-The Overseas News agency
gives cat the following regarding
peace reports:
The Berns (Switzerland) Tage-
blatt reports that the scandinavian
government, according TO rumor,
will i'm the immediate future hold a
conference in order 10 foster peace
negotiations by common PROPOSE
tons.
Likewise, the Neue Zuricher
Zeitung reports from The Hague
that Holland will probably issue a
note similar 70 that Of Switzerland "
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-12-26
1000 BERLIN KIDDIES
MADE HAPPY BY c. OF C
American Business Mems Organiza-
ton Distributes Gifts-Gerard
and German General Present.

BERLIN (by wireless TO Sayville),
Dec. 26.-The American chamber of
commerce in Berlin. says the over
seas News Agency. gave Christmas
presents TO 1000 children Of Berlin.
The American ambassador, James
". Gerard. and Gen. Won Kessel,
commander in Berlin. were present.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-12-26
BOY GETS $40 DAMAGES
Filed suit for $1,000 Against Teach
er Who Spanked Him.

MODESTO. Calf, Dec. 26.-After
celebrating three hours. a jury
awarded Frank Gran. a 15-year-Old
school boy, $40 damages for a pad
ding" administered by Miss Olive
Peterson. his teacher Damages Of
$4,000 were asked for the whipping.
which was alleged 10 have ruined
the boys health.
The Springdale news. [volume] (Springdale, Ark.) 1887-1990, 1916-02-25

liberty, Mr.. Phillips he said, in
very smooth and civil manner. "But
| had an idea that you would help
me, and time was of Importance
well, and what is it?'
"You have many friends amongst
the foreign artists here in London.
You attend their concerts and some
times. even their little dances. We
are near neighbors, you see" he con-
GUIDED, with slight bow, that was at
once an apology and an explanation.
81 am flattered by the interest you
have taken in my movements.
Two hours ago. he continued
cheerfully, IA body was found in a
passage off Leman street, Stepney-a
body which we cannot identify. The
man was of good position, a sculptor,
and, ] believe, Pole. A cab is wait
ing at the door. 1t is late, know,
Mr.. Phillips; it cannot fail to be a
great personal Inconvenience; but will