davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-16

against the explosive force. The mo
mentum of the Hywheei carries the
piston through the cycle otherwise II
would reverse.
In the sketch Is shown four cylinders
with the magnetic wires attached. Ths
magneto j. driven by "A gear l. AT the
same speed as the crank SHAFT.
The distributor of the magnetic ha,
four segments. one for each cylinder.
The secondary finger FL" rotating clock
wise touches tho segInents in the order
OF |. ., 4. 5. which Is the firing order
as outlined. Iistons No. l and No. 4
are shown at top entire and pistons
No. . and No. 8 at bottom centre. II
piston No. | is up on compression and
ready for ignition then piston No. 4 has
Just completed the exhaust and ready
FOR the intake. Likewise piston No. 3
has Just completed firing and piston No
: the intake.
In brief. two pistons are up while tho
other two are down. Zach requires four
strokes TO complete the cycle, namely.
suction. compression. fr'ng and exhaust.
Thus while one cylinder = firing an
other one will he taking IN a charge.
stili another viii be ,omrressing and
another exhaus'iuG Il may he noted
that with a single cylinder motor one
power impulse is ob'a.ned at every sec
ond revolution OF the crank shaft in
the two cylinder motor AT every revolu
tion In the four cylinder AT every half
revelation. or $50 degrees turn OF the
shaft In this manner a more continuous
torque is given the crank shaft.
Copyright by William II Stcwort, NJ
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-16
~ WILLIAM n. sTEwART, n,
President Stewart Aut0Rsbile
school.

In the four stroke type motor the
crank shaft makes two revolutions to
complete the cycle Of operations. Tho
suction and compression stroke Il n
revolution the firing and exhaust stroke
Is the other. The charge Of gas 10 taken
into the cylinder by the down stroke ok
the piston and compressed BY the UP
stroke. Likewise when h c&Arge 10
fred The piston 10 forced outward and
on the second UP stroke the burned gases
exhausted. In order TO admit the new
gases TO the cylinder the intake valva
timed TO open and close at the right In
slant. is necessary. Likewise an exhaust
valve.
Ordinarily one would think that these
valves should open and close at the end
OF the strokes. but such 10 not the case.
A fixed lag and lead are given the
valves according to the design Of the
motor. Ordinarily the intake valve is
timed TO open at a point about IL
degrees past top centre and to close at a
point about 80 degrees past bottom
entire. The exhaust valve opens about
~ degrees before bottom centre and
closes about 10 degrees past top centre.
Top centre is determined when the piston
II up bottom centre when 1t 10 down.
Since there are $50 degrees to a circle.
the hywheei is usually marked In a
manner to NJ these points Of opening
and closing.
Motors differ considerably as to valve
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-16
TEACHING THE OWNER TO
KNOW HIS AUTOMOBILE
Being the Seventh of a Series of Practical Articles by
an Expert on the Subject Of the
Car and It's Operation.

exhaust valve II timed to open before
the piston reaches bottom centre in or
der to permit excess pressure to escape
before the piston returns on the UP
stroke. II this lead wa not given TO
the exhaust valve undue pressure would
be exerted On the piston during the scav-
enging stroke.
Since three Of the four strokes are
Idle the energy consumed In effectinG
thio would cause loss Of power. A the
piston travels upward Of the exhaust
stroke the burned gasos are expelled
through the exhaust valve. which 10 also
held open a. long a. possible 10 take
advantage Of the velocity Of the gases.
In short. III exhaust valve may remain
open until the piston begins to trave
down on the suction stroke and tend to
create . At this point the
exhaust valve must close and b Suo-
ton concentrated at the intake valve,
which should then open.
At "A" Ii shown the intake timing
ear which meShes with &C." the crank
shaft a. Al "B" u shown the ex-
hau cam shaft gear which kew ise
is driven by the crank shaft gear. Since
two revolutions of the crank shaft are
necessary to complete the cycle. namely.
suction, compression. firing And exhaust.
the timing gears "A" and ''B' must be
driven al half time speed. For this
reason the cam shaft timing gears have
twice az many teeth as the crank shaft
timing gear. At ~ and @ are shown
the cams. OF the cam shaft. These, In
rotating. actuate the valve litter r.
which operates valves "1'' and IL"
Heavy valve springs are used to re-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-16

could not see the ball to hit IL. The
rest of Fottrelrs game did not measure
up to his servicc on his trip here. but
Il was all good enough to make him a
hard man 10 beat.
John Strachan is another who IL going
TO try and make the trip. according TO
some OF his friends. Strachan Is re-
garded as the ong player on the
Coast to-day, not even barring Nc
Loughiin or Johnston. Last year In
the Pacific coast championships he
downed Johnston easily In straight sets
and was anxious TO make the trip with
n. other hOys, hut could not get away
from his work for more than two
weeks. 80 that he had To confinc his
playing to California. So that "
Strachan Ses to get away from his
work. II Is very evident that there viii
be about nine Californians striving Ia
head the list OF the countrys tennis
rsayers and almost all OF them with a
good chance of doing so. As only one
man can be rated first. the others Will
have to he crowded In some pace below
him and Il looks ~ II the Eastern
is going 10 have q hard time
squeezing into the select ten.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-16
GARDEN CITY TEAM WINS.
DE- eat u unson club Five ~ Tra ps
by single Point.

RrMsoN. y :, April 15.-About nifty
gunners took part IN to-day's invitation
shoot held on the Rumson Country Club
grounds. Conditions were ideal and
several good scores were made. Newbold
l.. Iierr!ck of New York. "A embe OF
the Garden City Gun Club, who was
high scratch gun, shot in fine form, win
ming the frs, cup in the l5s bird scratch
event with a total OF 1877. Charles II.
Voorhees, OF tho same club won the sec
ond cup with 1875.
Close scores marked the 100 bird five
man team handicap. Garden City WIN
ming over Rumson's first team by 40
to 40. a margin OF one bird. The Laurel
House Gun Club of Lakewood was third,
with "A total of 40S, the Runlson second
team fourth. with 1851 the Whippany
River club hfth, with 3l3. and the Bal
tusrol sixth. with 3l2. A cup was the
first prize.
j. Prentiss kellogg won the Rumson
Club championship in a $50 bird scratch
event, with a score of 131. In three 30
bird handicap events for cups u. A. g,
Wyiie mun tho cup Tor the arst. Clinton
II. James OF Brooklyn the second and A.
C., King of Toms River the third.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-16
TWO ARMORY RECORDS FALL.
sprint and Wall scaling Marks
Lowered At Fourteenth lanes

Two armory records were broken IN
the spring athletic games OF the Four
teenth Regiment Athletic Association In
the armory. brooklyn. last night. Frank
Stephenson Of Company T.. tho former
Junior national champion Splinter. was
the star performer. lie won two events
and lowered a record. His record break
ing stunt was in the seventy yard dasn
handicap. He snapped the tape In
7 % seconds. shattering the old figures
which have stood for four years by one
second. His next victory was in the
go yard obstacle race, which he won nv
fifteen yards,
II. Browscr OF Company r. was n
double winner. He triumphcd In both
the half and one and one-half mile runs
handicap.
The record for the wall scaling contest
was wiped out. BJorkman and Dolan Of
Company r clipped W seconds off the
old record. They we're clicked in ~
minutes and As second.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-16
KEWESSA CAPTURES
HARTFORD HANDICAP
Billy divers Gelding Leads
All the Way in Feature at
Havre de Grace.

BALTIMORE. April I5.-Billy divers
slx-year-old bay gelding Kcwessa won
the Hartford Handicap. the feature event
of the opening day at the Hayre de Grace
meeting his afternoon. Carrying lOt
pounds and we'll ridden by Johnny Me-
Taggart. kcwcssa led all the way, and
In a driving finish won by "a nose. Fit
tergold finished second. -four lengths IN
front of j. j. Lill!s. which captured third
honors. The summaries:
First Race-Three-year-o!ds and up,
,Buxton). 81 so. $3.50 and So. 20. won; The
Masquerader, lit ,ButwelD. $40 and
$40. sss9nd' GaIiop. " lM9teaiD ;lasO.
Joe Finn, Fred Levy. Golden List. Wiley
and kootenay also ran.
,si SSHond ,.riansY -ysario'a nnd up
Bsndel. iis ilh.ncysr). ,nIo and is!S.
ihird, Tine, lis IS cIncinnati. Baifron
and Trend also ran.
Third Race-Meiten ,~wo-yesrold,, four
,2.o and $40; won Bondage, rs lMoun-
tain). 81, 80 and 81 40, second liking Fisher,
ii5 tMe,calr. 1880, third. Time, o:.s,
Fourth Itace--Handicap, three-year-oIds
and up; Ave and a hail furiongsa..kewes.a,
TO- 81 r Ms%1.SMsarIi;. n h;tGi s. sS, and 81 z;
and 81 so, second J J, Liilis. lis tMet,
calf, .? so, third; Time, 1907 is. Yer
mont, Carbide and SIR Edgar also ran.
Fifth Neutrality-suspicious. and up:
selling: six furiongs-Borax. lis tBuiI-
mani. $3.50. 1li.<0 and $3.50. won.
Good Counsel. 1902 lI.ykesl. 1870 and 81 20,
second. Old Bob. I16 tKe!say). $3.50, third.
Time. l;l6 2-5. sebago, Nidet. Dinah DO,
Shrspnel. Elk Ridge. Tactiess and striker
aieO ran.
sixth Racc-Six furlongs-Ida Claire,
$50 and S3.20. won. Budweissr, IS. 80,
second: Huda's Brother. third. Time,
LAS s-5. Non-starters-Lucky George and
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-16
M'COURT'S Def IS
ACCEPTED BY ELLIS
No Date Set Yet for Title
Three Cushion Match in
Pittsburg.
BIG SMOKER TOMORROW

Charles Ellis. worlds three cushion
champion. has accepted the challenge Of
his fellow townsman, Charles McCourt.
Nc date ha been set for the match.
which Is to be played in their home city,
Pittsbury. almost certainly In the acad-
envy Of Harry Davis. The last week of
April or tho 6rst week OF May prob
ably will be chosen. II will be the first
tiine in years that two men from the
sams city have come together in a pro-
fessional billiard championship match.
Because Of their coming title tilt spc-
interest attaches to the work of
Ellis and McCOurt in the Interstate
Three Cushion Billiard League. Tho
league season is drawing toward its
close now. Ellis Is the leader with thir-
ty-two games won and eight lost. Right
ehind him are McCourt and Pierre
Maupome Of st. Louis, recently beaten
by Ellis In u worlds championship
match. Maupome is second with thir.
ty-three won and nine lost. and Nc
Court third with thirty-two won and nine
lost.
The standing Of the league up to and
including last Wednesday nights games {:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-16
The standing Of the league up to and
last Wednesday nights games I:
club League Come. Up Again.

A wide variety OF matters will be
discussed night at the sec
ond smoker OF the National Associa-
ton of Amateur Billiard Players In the
rooms OF the Arion Society. First and
foremost Is the plan for organizing AN
interclub amateur billiard league. Other
topics will be the projected three cushion.
straight rail and cushion carom tourna.
inents for next winter and the hope OF
getting some of the Europeans here for
an international competition. Cutting
the length OF the Glass A championship
games from 400 points each TO 800 also
viii be under consideration.
The suggested interclub league may
he in existence before the meeting ad.
tourns. At the smoker, because OF their
connection with the national association.
will be representatives of the Arion So.
ciety. the Liederkranz. New York Attn
letic Club. Amateur Billiard Club Of
New York and Crescent Athletic Club "
Brooklyn. II is possible also that the
Hanover Club Of Brooklyn will have
some one present. Arthur Townsend. a
prominent Class A player OF a few years
back. will he there 20 represent that club
II he can make other engagements NJ In.
The most difficult problem of all In
regard to such a league seems to have
been disposed Of satisfactorily In the
formulating OF a new handicap scheme.
IL is to have all Glass A players IN
the league matches rated at ESQ points.
playing that number no matter how
strong or weak the opponent: with all
Class Il men at 175. Glass & per-
formers at l25 and those below Glass c
100 points. II those figures are not
right a committee Of the league can
be appointed to adjust them according
10 the latest scheme. All the members
OF each team will he numbered. with
the strongest at No. /, the next as
No. . and 80 on down the line. The idea
Is 10 have the strongest players OF OPP
posing team meet. with the strength
tapering of down toward the end OF
the team. which will avoid the neces-
sity of TOO great handicap allowances.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-16

the unusually large squad-probsbly the
largest the university has ever had.
The athletes have had few warm days
for practice. and this has allowed the
coach insufficient opportunity 10 Judge
the candidates. This il especially true,
OF course, OF the newcomers TO the squad.
Track Coach Andrew Kerr is ensaged
in a hunt for a pole vaulter to replace
Capt. McMtster. who is out for the sea-
son NJ "A result OF an operation for APP
|pend!ci'is. Fasterday and Ilugus are two
new men who rave made the best show
ing in this event thus far. but neither
has equalled the work OF the missing
leader. Hugus ~ stronEcr. IN the high
jump, going within an inch OF SIX feet
In indoor competition.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-16
~ SHEPARD q. BARCLAY.

Baseball Is known as Americas ma
tional game. Millions are interested In
It. read Il n 20 to sec 1t. In number
OF actual players. though. billiards Is
giving II a hot battle. II not even surpass-
Ing it. Irearkcn to John T. Doyle. bill
lard impresario and considerable Stats
tician. who has reams Of data ready to
spin of as fast as the mind can COM
prehend.
There are approximately 100000 bill
lizard players In Greater New York and
1000. 900 Of them In the country" said
Doyle yesterday afternoon. 1t was In
the little Office of his establishment on
Forty-second street. Doyle reached for
a pencil and a small pad Of note paper.
He began to lot down numbers AZ rap
idly as he car write. :
''The only sports that New Workers.
participate 10 to a large extent besides
billiards are golf and tennis" he re-
sumed. at liz hard 10 get at the exact
number of tennis players. but golf Is
easy to estimate. Their are 100 courses
within forty miles Of Broadway. with
membership averaging 400 in each. That
makes a total OF 10000. the pubic
links have about 10000 additional. with
5000 licenses out. and about i.o0O others
who pay the daily fee. Thus there are
about SO. 900 golfers in and about New
York.
ITO get the number Of tennis players
all you can do IL make a general esti-
mate. based proportionately on the num-
Der OF golfers. I should say there are
perhaps so per cent. more tennis play
ers than golfers. or $4,000 in all. Billiard
players therefore are nearly hve times as
numerous as golfers and more than three
times as plentiful as tennis players"
Eisht rhousand Tables Here.
Interesting enough II true. and SO l
said TO Doyle "How do you know there
are 100000 billiard players In the city?
There isn't any way you can make an
estimate on billiard players with any
degree Of accuracy" I had heard some
body saw he had a pocketful Of statistics
on the subject IL ne only would produce
them. He produced.
"No way to estimate them. Ell! How
about this % he said as he plunged head
lcng into his favorite subject. Il nave
figures from the Department OF Licenses.
Dropping off a few extras and dealing IN
round numbers, there are 1900 licensed
billiard rooms in Greater New YORK
commercial rooms. j mean. They vary
in size from the big ones with more
than twenty tables down to tho little
fellows with only one. sue as the little
place behind the barber shop on the side
street. A fair average would be -FOUR
tables to the room. That would Il US
5000 tables In commercial rooms alone.
mind you. I'm making all these
figures conservative. Every n Is
smaller than IL should be. In addition
to the public rooms there are b 500
tables In clubs OF various sorts. For
the sake of being conservative we'll say
only 200. Thcn there are approximately
800 in private residences. which we'll
call 100. Thus We hav 1000 tables
In addition to those In public rooms. or
a total of 5000.
Il estimate an average Of thirty
pla yers to a table. figuring on the basis
Of my own experience here. In this
room there are 800 private cues used by
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-16

This clearance should be IN accordance
with Instructions OF the manufacturer.
IL the valve are not timed accurately
the motor will not develop it's maximum
efficiency or even may not run at all.
ReseatirG the valves occasionally Ia also
necose9ry. Especially Is this true viii,
tho exhaus valve, which In subjected
to considerable heat and waste products
OF combustion. TIT thrush Of fresh
gases past The intake valve has a tend
ency to keep II clean, and for this rea-
son this valve does not foul 80 readily.
A slight particle Of carbon on the sext
OF tho valve will cause loss Of compress
sion and when the compression Is re-
duced loss Of power results.
Correct ignition timing IL also very
important. The charge OF gas must be
FULLY 6nfted at the instant the crank pin
passes dead centre. When this Is done
the full expansive force OF the explo-
sion 70 exerted on the piston and the
best results ara obtained. When the
motor u turning over at tho rate OF
1000 revolutions a minute the crank pin
passes through top centre much faster
h when the motor Ia turning over at
the rate Of 500 revolutions a minute.
Sinco II X . certain auOunt Of time
for M charge Of gas to become fully
gnited II 10 necessary to introduce the
spark Into the cylinder a little In ad-
vance IN order to fully ignite the charge
by the time the crank pin passes dead
centre. The faster the motor turns over
tho moro advanced must b the spark.
The volume Of the spark Is not changed
BY advancing or retardine. but simply
the time Of the spark in relation to
position OF the crank pin. When Q
motor Ii turning over very fast the
spark may be advanced as much as
40 degrees that Ia to say. the charge
will begin TO ignite 40 degrees before
the crank pin reaches top centre. As
the speed of the motor is reduced the
advance must BE- reduced. otherwise tho
force Of the explosion will be excrted
on the piston too soon and the ten
dency will he TO reverse the direction
of the crank shaft. When the spark 10
too far advanced a knock Is noticeable.
This 10 aused by the piston acting
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-16
PITTSBURG GETS LATE START.
O~niSrrslty Team Will Play It's
Fir.t lame This Week..

P~ITrsBuRo, Pa. April l6.-With only
a week remaining before the opening
OF PITTS baseball season in the game
with the University OF Buffalo the
lineup IS still n matter of conjecture.
only "A few OF the positions are definitely
assigned. making necessary an eleventh
hour decision on the part OF Coach Will
son as TO the majority oc his regular
nine.
Scarcity of real baseball weather has
been a big factor in bringing about this
situation. while another cause has been
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-16
wind 10 . Good Submarine.

MoNTCI.AiR, April 15.-In an UNDER
water swimming contest at the Mont
clair Y. NJ. c. A. tank to-day Andrew 3.
Wind was returned tho winner with i77
feet 8 inches, David Young was sec
ond. with 1875 feet, and David Berlow
third, with 1872 feet. The dive for form
went TO Clifford Walcutt, who made 20
out Of a possible so points, Andrew
Wind was second and David Young third.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-16

ANNAPoiIs, April 1.-THE Lafayette
tennis team overwhelmed the Navy
players to-day. taking both matches IN
doubles and three of the four In sin
giles. Mayfield of h visitors was by
far the best player on the courts, his
service and general play being Of 4 high
order.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-16
Crescents Lose At lacrosse.

Although many Of the regular lacrosse
players Of the Crescent Athletic Club
we're In New Haven yesterday introduce
Ing III old Indian game to tho Yale
students there a a team on tho field
mt Bay Ridge which fell before the at
tack Of the New York Lacrosse Club.
The score was Q goals to |. II was the
opening contest NJ the New Moon
grounds anA brought out Q faiy alDed
0allesy Of spectaterA
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-16
NEWS OF THE BOXING WORLD.

Benny Leonard has an idea of his own
that should have been thought or years
ago hut wasn't. He refuses 10 q any
body bigger tina himself. That's all
there Ia 10 the idea. but Manager Billy
Gibson announces it will be adhered to
strictly. In other words, nobody but
4 gh,veights need apply. Phil Bloom WI
have to weigh in within the lightweight
limit for his bout with Leonard at the
stadium 4. q. next Thursday night.
Bloom has complained that the Knockout
Leonard landed on him recently was a
lucky punch. Benny says II was not.
They will change their argument from
words to deeds Thursday. Leonard's
next bout will be on May l in Philadel-
phia against a local favorite named
Johnny Nelson.
Young Jack Monroe. son of old Jack.
who met Jeffries and Sharkey. will box
at the Broadway Sporting Club or
brooklyn tomorrow afternoon against
Patsy Cannon. a New York heavyweight.
George Chip has agreed to meet the WIN
ner OF the Silent Martin-Leo Benz bout,
which Is scheduled for the big Brooklyn
arena Tuesday night.
The Future City a. c. OF ST. Louis has
sufficient courage to a match
between Harry Wills and Sam McVey
the night Of April "a.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-16
HENDRICKSON TAKES
TRAVERS ISLAND CUP
More Than Fifty Shooters at
New York 4. G. Traps
Make High Scores.

John II, IIendrickson, ono Of tho first
cunncrs to win 4 national champion
ship at Travers Island. did the best work
yesterday in the wee:Sy shoot OF the
New York Athletic Club. He was the
scratch gunner OF the day, taking
the event with a card Of 90 out Of
a possible 100 targets. His strings in
the event were IS. %. % and 20. Mr..
Hendrickson also was the winner Of the
Travers Island cup. He won the event
with "a straight string OF IS.
:. r. J.. SPOTS. another former cham
pion. also did we'll. Ike won legs on
both the club and the accumulation
prizes. He took both events with
straight strings Of Is targets. Tit two
were the only nimrods to have straight
strings during tho afternoon. The
monthly cup. the only other regular
fixture, had a large number Of full o5
targets, They were A. f. Ranney. J,
L, Hartranst. John II, Hendrlckson, F.
J. Ham. Jr. and NJ Mcvoy. who were
each credited with winning "A leg.
Six gunners tied in the shoot for the
high handicap prize. They were T. II.
Lawrence. Sis. 100: q. J. Tuckett.
s5-l5. 100; J. l.. Hartranst. $50.
100 J. II. Hendrickson, Sis. 100: C.
Stein. e2--s, 100. and A. c. Ayres, the
former Princeton football star. who had
G4-39, 100. Conrad Stein won the
shootof with "a
The distance handicap went TO G. NJ.
Thomson. who had n total OF a. out OF
30 targets. shooting from the eighteen
yard mark. w. II. Delehanty won a
special shoot and the novice cup went
to G. A. Brown. II vas the best day
more than nifty shooters reported. Prac-
tically all took part.
Capt. Dreyer n n. Roberts tied for
first prize at the Gaveeend BAY traps
Of the B~ensonhurst Yacht Club yester-
day. Each had 8S out Of n possible 100
targets. In the shootoff the Captain fell
by the wayside and lost the prize by a
score Of - to 20.
PoRr WAsHINoroS, l.. l., April I'D.
8. Cornwall won the high scratch prize
at the traps OF the Port Washington
Yacht Club this Afternoon when he broke
SO out Of 100 targets. He also won the
handicap prise with = total Of OF on HE
handicap Of 8. The other honors
were equally distributed. Charles f..
Hyde won the weekly event. the take
home trophy Lorenzo b. Smull won a
leg on the monthly cup. ID. S. Cornwall
won u leg on the yearly cup. and c. l..
Thompson and c. II. Hyde tied for the
special event.