davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1916-07-23
SURGEON CHARLES BANKS L. 8 SERVICE.
In of of paralysis.

a LII through the east the experts
IN upon epidemic diseases are fo-
~ cusing their attention upon New
q & York. where infantile paralysis
tacute anterior poliomyelitis) is rampant
There they hope to learn more of the
origin of the disease. the means of its
prevention and how to enforce the long
patient treatment which alone can inn
prove the paralyzed victims. mostly chill
dren.
to end pestilence by burnt oxen and
wine oblations to some offended mytho-
logical god who had a personal grudge
against some one.
Today the scientific men try first to as
certain the natural cause of the outbreak
and then how to prevent its spread and
recurrence. incidentally, they seek to cure
the sick and to encourage a sound treat
ment of the little people through their
years of recovery.
That is why District of Columbia health
officers. the officials of the United States
public health service the research experts
from Rockefeller Institute, leading men
of the medical profession from all sec
tons are interested in what is going on
in New York, for they frankly state that
there are many things about the origin
ana Transmission of this disease which
they do not understand, and that, except
Evening star., 1916-07-23

taken into the systems of the children,
ralysis. Is seems that the organism, if
transferred by personal contact, does not
easily find Judgement or that most
children are not easily affected by 1t. for
fortunately the number of cases which
we are so little able to prevent is very
small.
THE density of the population and the
general health seem to have little to do
with the spread of the infection 1t is
very seldom that more than one child of
even a large family will be stricken, and
it must be said that. so far, generally
excellent public health conditions have
seemingly been of little protective value
The outbreaks usually occur in cold eli
mates, but are by no means confined to
those localities. They are most common
in dry summer weather, but are not un-
known in winter.
Definite initial symptoms are quite
rare. Sometimes bodily weakness and
digestive disturbances precede the acute
fever stage. Sometimes the disease
develops in two stages; after the first
slight symptoms the patient appears
to have recovered. only to be stricken
down suddenly in the next few days by
the acute attack Some physicians think
the second attack a relapse. and advo-
cate rest, after the mildest attack. in
hopes of averting the unfavorable re-
action.
THE acute onset is usually abrupt,
Evening star., 1916-07-23

bearing punches of grapes, and a little
fellow farther on Is half caressing and
half wrestling with ram, while lamb
sleeps beside him.
The first group on the left side, rep
resenting industry, consists Of four fg-
ures-a printer in the foreground ex-
amining some sheets just off the press;
the IRON worker, leaning on his ham,
mer;. the founder, pouring metal. and a
helper, looking on in the background.
Then comes the female figure of this
side, woman symbolizing the pro-
duction of textiles, sitting beside a
spinning wheel and measuring off a
piece of cloth stretched out before her.
Beyond her is a suggestion of the life
of the seacoast by young boy with
his boat, who has just caught a large
fish to add to the number already
thrown upon the shore behind him. At
each end of the pediment the conclud-
ing note is a wave which typifies the
Atlantic and Pacific oceans, the eastern
and western boundaries Of the coun-
try"
long time was required to carry
out a theme for such large monu-
mental group. and the selection Of the
appropriate figures to fiank the domi-
mating central group was by no means
Evening star., 1916-07-23
SPIDER OF THE SOUTHWEST
NOT TARANTULA OF FABLE

6NHE famous tarantula reputed to be
one of the terrors of the arid parts
of the southwestern states and
northern Mexico. and which bulks SC
large in the imagination and the fears OF
those persons who have friends on the
border, is really not the tarantula of his
tory and of fable.
One of the numerous students of spiders
and the tarantula is spider-says of
that terrifying insect that it is the Lycosa
tarantula, a kind of spider found in some
of the warmer parts of Italy and Spain
When full grown it is about the size OF
chestnut and of a brown color. Its bite
was at one time supposed to be danger
ous," says this authority, land to cause
a kind of dancing disease but it is now
known not to be worse than the sting OF
a comman wasp" 1t is an old fable, ex-
tending back to remote or classic times.
that the bite Of this spider would produce
epilepsy or strange dancing mania in
its victims and that the epilepsy or the
madness could be relieved only by par
ticular kind of music. The tarantula of
countries today-has hairy legs with
black markings on them.
1t is very likely that when the early
Spanish explorers came upon the great
spider of the southwest. and seeing good
deal of resemblance to the tarantula of
the old world-those explorers not having
been scientific entomologists-they called
the new spider a tarantula. and the name
has stuck.
There is no doubt that the big
spider of Arizona, New Mexico. Cali
fornia, old Mexico and many other
places is a relative of the tarantula of
Spain and Italy. and in color. DISPOSE
ton and in the matter of his hairy
legs a layman might easily mistake
him for the tarantula- But perhaps
there is not much in a name SO far as
spiders go, and it Is just as well to
avoid if possible that particular spider
which so many Americans call the tar
antula, though 1t is quite certain that
the meanness of his disposition has
been exaggerated.
j. H. Emerton. one of the spider ex-
perts of the world, writes, after years
Of intimate study Of spiders: When
undisturbed. spiders never bite any
thing except insects useful as their
food, but when attacked or cornered
all species open their jaws and bite If
they can. depending on the size and
strength of their jaws. The stories of
death, insanity and lameness from the
bites of spiders are probably untrue"
The species of spider are hard to
number. The, spiders of North America
have been studied by Hentz, Emerton,
Keyserling and Thorell and no doubt
by a number Of other men who have
Evening star., 1916-07-23

which will follow a poor little child
all through its life.
THE patient should be isolated in a
clean, bare room, screened to keep in
sects out. No one but the nurse should
be allowed in the room; all discharges.
particularly sputum, nasal secretions
and the like, should be disinfected: all
linens or clothes should be disinfected.
or. still better, burned before they leave
the sick room.
THE rest Of the family should be
kept from contact with the neighbors.
In many municipalities Washington in
c1uded, the health authorities establish
the usual quarantine. The use of a
light solution of peroxide of hydrogen
is safe precautionary measure for
those who are near the patient.
LAS 1t Is possible that the organisms
may be carried in dust, like those of
epidemic to sprinkle the streets and
yards If the weather be dry
1T Is advisable during an epidemic to
keep children off the streets and away
from crowds. to forbid their using pub
lie drinking cups. to pay careful atten-
ton to their diet. to keep them
thoroughly bathed. to protect them
from overheating or doing anything
which will lower their vitality.
Every municipality should require
at least three things: That every case
should be reported Immediately; the pa
tients should be isolated; members of
the family should be excluded from
schools for at least three weeks.
Summed up, poliomyelitis is not
likely to be an extensive epidemic; it's
percentage of mortality is usually not
very high; consequences are apt to be
serious. but may be lightened by skill
full treatment through a long period of
Evening star., 1916-07-23


has been discovered. If any is found
"a serum. for instance-it will be of
the utmost importance to apply it be-
fore the onset of the paralysis, for
otherwise 1t will be too late.
After paralysis appears there is al
most invariably more or less improve
rhent. rapid up to certain point. un-
til perhaps a part or even all the par
alyzed muscles resume their functions.
After a few weeks the progress
slackens until 1t is 80 slight as to be
hardly perceptible; the paralyzed parts
show atrophy. and often there is a
shrinking Of the surface. It seems as
if the little withered limbs would never
move again
"All this indicates a severe degree
Of damage to the spinal motor centers,
but not necessarily their complete de-
struction. Even months after improve
ment may develop in muscles that have
seemed useless.
During these months the utmost
care should be taken to guard against
due to the overaction of healthy ones
upon those which are. atrophied. To
overcome this the paralyzed limbs
should be at proper times exercised
or manipulated. The effect of electri-
cal treatment is too complicated to be
properly administered. may be very
beneficial. Few forms of illness. how
ever, require more careful treatment
and greater skill on the part of the
practitioner and it is far better that
the child should be left alone than to
scientious physician to treat the case.
An ignorant and inexperienced man
can in few minutes do harm which
can never be undone, work an injury
Evening star., 1916-07-23

the democracy of the United States as
expressed in types of, her working /peo-
Pile. This is distinctively an American
conception and is in line with Mr..
Bartlett's desire to escape the banality
of much Of the modern sculpture which
relies solely on classical types for ex
pressions of American ideals.
The entire group may be divided for
purposes of description into three sec
tions. though the general theme Is SO
dominant throughout that all the parts
are fused into harmonious whole.
The central group expresses the idea
of Peace protecting. Genius, end the
armed figure of Peace, majestic
woman. clad in a coat OF mail and
draped about with a mantle, extends
a protecting right arm over the winged
and youthful figure of .Gehius. who
nestles on the floor at her feet. holding
aloft a flaming torch, the light of his
power.
Sustaining this group on either side
are the figures which represent, on the
right. Agricultural and pastoral life
and, on the left, the industrial life OF
the shop and foundry.
How extraordinary 1t Is" commented
Mr.. Bartlett. that at this time the
Evening star., 1916-07-23

stands in the court of the Louvre At
Paris. and four days after it's erection.
July 4, 1908, he was made an officer in
the Legion d'Honneur.
Besides this happy association with
France, Mr.. Bartlett is a correspond
ing member of the Institut de France,
and is the second American to hold this
honor. the other being Saint Gaudens.
A portion of his training was received
under the great Rodin. He is also a
member of the Royal Academy Of
Belgium.
Evening star., 1916-07-23

the least of the problems. Grave ques-
tfons of symmetry, composition. light
and shadow confronted Mr.. Bartlett. II
Is also interesting to see how effective
ly he solved the problem of employing
the everyday costume of the American
workingman. which truly has little
artistic value, and making 1t sufficient
ly ornamental to sympathiZe with the
classic architectural setting. This was
easier to solve in the central figure. for
this one is more impersonal and more
truly classical than any of the others.
The layman beholder is apt to pass
pedimental sculpture. but a widespread
familiarity with all of the details of
the group cannot but serve to empha :
size the charm of the architectural ar
rangement For instance, the acces-
sories to the figures. the wheat and
grapes. flowers, OK, spinning wheel and
fish upon the beach, are well known
to- every American, and appreciation of
their clever utilization can be only
natural.
One problem which in itself may ap-
pear insignificant enough Is yet very
subtle, and to Mr.. Bartlett's solution
the success which art circles have
accorded his entire work. This is the
matter of fitting the different figures
into the space allotted for them and
gradually diminishing their height
out changing their relative size. How
easy it might have been to conform the
size of the figures to the height and
not their postures. but how fatal TO
art!
That this question of altitude has
been most successfully answered by
Mr.. Bartlett may be appreciated by the
fact that If all of the members of the
group were removed they would ap-
pear to be in perfect and natural rela-
tion to one another. Another technical
feature which deserves mention and
may add to the appreciation OF the
general public is that the group, due
to it's situation, is most apt to be OBJ
served always at first from the side
Father than from the direct front. Mr..
Bartlett has anticipated this and has
contrasted the different groups IN a
emphasized the contrast SO much as to
prevent them from melting into a har-
monious whole
The space in the .pediment accorded
to the figures is about sixty feet in
length and the .cornice upon which
they rest is about sixty feet from the
ground. which marks the level of the
plaza In front of the building.
The first effort was made toward the
execution Of a sculptural adornment
for the pediment in the latter half of
the Roosevelt administration. An act
of Congress of April Is. 1909. au-
thorized the expenditure of $4,000 for
the purpose. A communication was
addressed to. the members of the Ma
tional Sculpture Society requesting a
list Of ten sculptors best qualified to
undertake this important commission.
At the head Of the compilation was
the name Of Mr.. Bartlett. The con-
tract with him was signed in Febru
any, 1909. and his first model was ac-
copied shortly afterward..
TO say that Mr.. Bartlett is one Of
Americas foremost sculptors is to state
mildly his .eminence In his. neld Of art.
Evening star., 1916-07-23

specialized in insects, and il is estimat-
ed that there are 500 species in North
America. The spider has heart, liver,
stomach, intestines. thorax, lungs and
several other interesting organs, as.
for example, the spinning glands and
Spinnerets.
1t is recorded that a good many ex-
periments have been made to throw
light on the effect of spider bites on
man. distinguished entomologist.
named Bertkau. allowed various kinds
of spiders to bite his hand. Some of
them drew blood. giving a sensation
like that of sharp needle prick. The
wounds smarted and swelled some-
what and itched when rubbed. pro-
ducfng very much the sensation of
mosquito bites, but no permanent i'll
effects followed. Another entomolo-
gist. named Blackwell also allowed
specimens of the big spiders to bite
his hand. He reported that he felt no
particular pain and little Inflammation
followed, and the wounds soon healed.
Still another entomologist. named Dole
schall, reported that he had shut up
small birds with the Mygale. one of
the biggest and fiercest of the spider
tribe The birds soon died after being
bitten. He allowed one of his fingers
to be bitten b. large jumping spider.
The pain was severe and his finger and
then his hand and arm became lame
but the soreness soon passed away.
The Mygale is one of the best-known
OF the large and heavy spiders. 1t is
native of tropical and subtropicai
America. 1t is said that it catches
and kills small birds with its poisonous
bite and then sucks the blood of it's
victims The body of this spider is
pitch black ind is covered with long
reddish-brown hair II has eight eyes
placed close together in the front of
Its head. 1t is a close kinsman to the
so-called bird spider of Surinam.
The official name of that American
spider called the tarantula is .Cteniza
California; and il is one of the trap
door spiders. 1t is common in New
Mexico. Arizona and California. Ac-
cording to John Sterling Kingsley. this
spider digs its hole in a fine soil which
when dry is nearly as hard as brick
These spider holes are sometimes near
ly an inch in diameter and vary in
depth from two and three inches to
nearly foot. The mouth of the hole
is enlarged and then closed by a thick
cover which fits 1t tightly. That cover
fits into the mouth of the hole very
much as a cork does in the neck of .
bottle. The cover is made of dirt fas.
tened together with threads and, like
the hole. is lined with silk and is fas-
tened by thick hinge made of spiders
silk. When the cover is closed it looks
exactly like the ground around II.
This, like many other species OF
spider. is nocturnal in its habits. rails
ing its trapdoor at night and sallying
forth in search of food, its chief food
being insects.
There is so much diversity Of opin-
ion as to the effect of the bite Of these
spiders that in living where they are
a man should practice safety hrst and
take no chances with them.
Evening star., 1916-07-23
alth Service in Battle Against Epidemic

XPERTS
- Ascertain the Natural Cause Outbreak and How Prevent
Spread What
Evening star., 1916-07-23

He is perhaps the most signally hon.
ored American sculptor abroad, and
many critics have accorded him the
first place in American art made vacant
by the death of Augustus Saint Gau-
American sculpture are the figures
History. Poetry and Philosophy-erect-
ed during the last winter to surmount
columns on the 5th avenue side of the
New York Public Library. His statue
of the Marquis de Lafayette Is excep-
tionally well known. The original
Evening star., 1916-07-23

\A1ORK Paul Wand Bartlett Contracted for 1907 Finds Resting Place Above
Pco-Dece and Them
Were Met etandOv
Evening star., 1916-07-23

prostratfng persons in good health
without warning. The first symptoms
vary A sudden rise in temperature Is
perhaps the most common feature. Fe-
yer Is the most constant symptom, al
though even 1t may be left out in this
irregularly acting trouble. Many suf-
fer from headaches. but not all The
patient is usually prostrated. and diar-
rhoea frequently is present. Pains.
especially in the neck and along the
spine. as the spinal ganglia become in
volved. begin to come. but these pains
usually subside at or before the pa
ralysis sets in.
1T is quite we'll accepted that the ex-
tent Of the paralysis is greater at first
than 1t Is later. The paralysis Is pri-
marily due to waste and infiltration of
fiammatfon Of the cord subsides-which
it does In not fatal cases-improvement
takes place in some OF the affected
members, but where the ganglion cells
will never be a return Of function to
the corresponding muscles. for de-
stroyed nerve tissue cannot be restored.
Between temporary disturbance of
their complete destruction there are
many gradations. The cells may be
damaged so badly that they will never
return to normal, or that return will
be destroyed. and. although damaged,
may return in part to normal and be
capable of performing their function
that Of nourishing and controlling the
muscle. The rate and degree of res
toration are variable. and there is no
way of telling. when the paralysis Is at
its worst, whether or to what extent
it will be overcome.
This phase of the disease. although
technical, / have tried to make clear,
SO that all may understand the i'm
portance of careful and skillful treat
ment at this and subsequent stages of
the
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-11-01
LODGE: ACCEPTS
WILSON'S DENIAL
Senator Throws Burden Of Ac-
cusation Back Upon
Breckenridge.
BIG CROWDS GREET HUGHES
Republican Candidate Is Making
His Final Dash Through
Indiana.
BIG CROWDS GREET HUGHES
ns AtsncIat.a rrass.

NORTH ADAMS. MASS. rctohet
.;l--rhc ALLEGED weakening postscript
-, ,h ,,,et,.; an, ., ,,.,,, -
~ ~
again refereed to by senator Lodge at
:. political meeting here to-uight
...,n. pr.yid.,, ,f Mo I-,i,.d c,,,,.
'"n '"'' ""' ""' p''
script 10 the i.uaitani;t note. and We
Ar. All bound. OF course, to accept the
,-o.i,lcn,, ,.,i.l mo, q. ,o ,r,,,o.
" w N' ''' VIZ
sag. ne added, that "ould not Will
iugIy bring an uurouudcd charge
against amy one high or low aud If
misl-d into d":;;- So ! should be quick
30 retrac, il. The President makes one
mistake Tile statement which he
char:tctcriIcs as Untrue that there was
such il postscript. was not mine, but
WAS made by MIR I;rcckiuridgc a for
mcr Assistant Secretary Of War. ac-
coytinr To the evidence Of two in
dependent Witnesses both gentlemen
OF high character rcsponsibility and
vcraciiv and Mr. Breckinridre was in
"A position to know it, as he IL reported
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-11-01
" p astor Russell
Dies Suddenly.

CANADIAN. TEN, October Ill
Charles Ynhc i,nsscII. known as
"'nstor" HusscII. IN independent
minister. editor Of the wutchtowcr.
AMI prominent author of studies on
the Scriptures. died this afternoon
on an atrhiSOn. rOpei<n and Santa
f'c train. en- route from Los Angeles
to New York. Heart disease WAS
gwen ns The cause.
Pastor itussrII was president of
III" International UibIc Students
AssorintiOn OF LOEi.uu nni the
Wntrhtowcr Bible aud Trnrt So
ci"ty. OF Pennsylvania. and an
nuih"r of studies On the Scriptures.
lie wns born Ia Pittsburgh, Pa.
February 10. 1872.
Nr. Russell. who was en- route
from Los Angeles to New York.
complained of feeling i'll ns hc was
leaving Los Angeles. bis secretary
said. ami his condition gradually
grew worse until death came this
afternoon. His body will lie taken
to Iinnsa. CIT. on the train ON
which he died.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-11-01
Wilson Indorsed
by Froglesslves

By Associated Press
NEW YORK. October 3l.--SiNteen
Of the nineteen members of the
resolutions committee OF the first
Progressive pnrty convention. which
framed the platform on which
Theodore Roosevelt was nominated
for the presidcury in 1912. indOrsed
IL statement issued here Tonight by
the Democratic National COunlt-
tee rOmmendimG the Legislative
achievements of President Wilson"
Eleven Of the number signed the
s;utcment, which ulso urged the re-
election of the President.
Those who signed the statement
were; John VI. Parker. of Louisiana.
virc-presidentIat candidate ON the
present Progressive ticket; former
Governor IucInS y. e.. Gnr,In. Of
Rhode irlnnd; former Governor
Joseph Vi. Carey. OF Wyoming. ono
Of the seven Governors who cumc
out for ROo>even in 1912, Judge
Albert ID. Nortoni. OF Missouri. md
Hugh y. HnIhert. OF Minnesota;
Frank y. Howard. OF Vermont: VI.
L. DeBnca. Of New McNicoi james
u. InEersoil. Of Idnho; Arthur g..
Wray. of Nebrnskn; tInrence d.
Strouse. OF virEinin, and >. w. Nc
COrmick. of Texas.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-11-01
GOVERNMENT lNTERVENES
y r"""" VIII Not Permit Railway
strike To Thrcmtcm Public
safety.
lBN Assorinteh i,ress. !

PAhiS. October 3l-Thc government
has decided To Intervene in the strik"
"i ihe suburban street railway cn
p!"Hc"s which began last week
The cabinet announced to-day Il do
cree winch m"Si be ratified by rarlia-
h'chI' uhd2, "Eich tac higher admin
'A'ra''o" mn' take over any pubic
scrN'I whose continuance is necessary
10 t'"nai "etcty The measure is
gen 'I IN Character and will confer
iare powers "n the government;
str'ke frcatens TO spread to
QUIZ transport services. una meetings
OF Mons have been called hastily
: ~ fcuss ;ne situation.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-11-01
NEW DIMES IN WALL STREET
Subirrnsury Receives LoI. but Not
Enough 10 supply che
Dcmuud,

NEW YORK. October 3l.-rhc new
dimes made their appearance in tho
wall street district to-day in con
siderable numbers. The subtrcasury
received fairly large lot, but not
enough TO supply the demand
Thc dimes. which are attractive.
were selling on the curb this afternoon
for two for quarter