davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1916-12-27

ICE WAGON KILLS BOY, But
COURTS BLAME STREET CARS
Judge Hugo Pam and Judge Grid
ley of appellate and superior courts
of Cook county don't know what is
proper in a court of laW-and in
acting in favor of the Knickerbocker
Ice Co. and against a father and
mother whose boy was killed by
KnickerbOcker Ice Co. wagon, Judges
Pam and Gridley were wrong-ac-
cording to an opinion of the supreme
court of Illinois, the text Of which
reached Chicago yesterday.
For Is years Morris NoVitsky of
4346 Calumet aV. has been trying to
get a verdict against the Knicker-
booker Ice Co., but he hasn't been
able so far to collect enough to pay
for the nickel handles on the coffin
of his 6-year-old boy who died under
the ice wagon wheels in 1903.
The desperate fight that man
without lot of money has to make
against a rich corporation in order to
get fair play in the courts of Cook
coUnty-the whole tangled snarl of
the nets of Justice lis shown in the
Novitsky case. After three trials,
after winning the case once, after
two appellate court decisions, now
comes the supreme court of Illinois
and says the courts of Cook county
have done a wrong to Morris NOVit-
sky. And Morris is exactly where
he was 43 years ago-holding an
empty bag. --... y
When Sam Novitsky was killed at
18th st. and Archer av., in 1903, a
coroner's jury took all blame of the
knickerbocker Ice Co. and laid the
blame on the Chicago City Railways
Co. for blockading the streets.
Judge Richard Burke in 1911 said
this coroner's jury verdict was either
so crooked or so stupid that it ought
not to be read to a jury as evidence. /
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1916-12-27

On anew. trial before Judge KaVa-
nagh the coroner's jury was admitted
to evidence. SO Morris NOvitsky got
a verdict of nothing and keep the
change" On an appeal Judge Hugo
Pam afirmed the verdict and the
KnickeFbocker Ice Co. lawyers once
more had the laugh on Morris Novit-
sky.
Counting a trial of the case in
1905, when the jury was II to in
favor of verdict for Morris, this
made three times the Knickerbocker
Ice Co. lawyers had won-so why
shouldn't they laugh?
Judges Pam and Bridley are re-
Versed and the case starts all over
again through the decision written
BY Justice George A. Cooke and join
ed in by>an six of the other justices.
Says the supreme court:
"The finding in the verdict that
from the evidence introduced, had
the street railway company, not
bIockaded the tracks with cars the
accident would not have occurred
and deceased would not have lost his
life, are mere surplusage, and it was
not proper to admit the verdict in
evidence with those' portions inelud-
ed, AS the verdict was offered as a
whole, the objection of the applicant
to it's admission should have been
sustained. Superior courts are re-
Versed and the cause is remanded to
the superior courts for a new trial"
my boy is dead Ii years and .
nearly forget what he looks like"
said Morris NoYitsky, tailor, ''bUt go
on with this case because maybe it
help fathers and mothers Of Chicago
if their boys get killed by crazy
wagons in the street"
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1916-12-27

TO MAKE JOFFRE MARSHAL
Paris, Dec. 27.--Gen. Joffre, idol Of
France, is to receive the maFshals
baton. Announcement was made to-.
day of the governments purpose to
honor the former commander-in-
chief of the French forces by revival
of the army grade of marshal,
which has lapsed since establish
ment of the third republic. ~ ''-4
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1916-09-02
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEET.
ING.
democratic Executive Committee
Met Today Tabulated the Returns
and Declared the Results of the
Primary.

The County Democratic Executive
committee met in the court house at
IL o'clock today for. the purpose of
tabulating the returns and declaring
the result Of the primary election held
on August 2Sth. When the commit
tee was called to- order by County
Chairman j. H. Clifton the roll was
called and twenty of the twenty-six
members We're found to be present.
There were no protests or contests
hled and the tabulation of the re-
turns was a matter of mere routine.
The result was declared as shown i'm
the tabulated statements printed else
whore in this issue.
w. L.. McCutchen and j. J.. Gillis
Will make the second race for the
house of representatives. M. 7.
Moore and j. ID. Epperson will make
the second race for magistrate in the
Third district; Player and McElveen
VIII run over i'm the First district ana
Burkett and M. l.. Moore will run
over in the Sixth district.
The second primary will he held O,
Tuesday September 18th.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1916-09-02
COOPER SUPPORTS manning
Says He Can Best Serve His State by Aiding
Governor to Reelection as
- Chief Executive.
Robert A. Cooper of the Defeated Candidates for Gov
ernOr, Has Come Out in Statement Saying That He Will
Support Governor r. l. Manning in His Race With Cole
L. Blease in the Second Primary.

Mr.. Cooper's statement, issued from
his home in Laurens, is Us follows:
II am deeply grateful to the maiiy
friends in all sections of the State
who gave me their support in Tues
days primary. Notwithstanding the
loyal support Of true and tried
friends, have been defeated and the
second primary will be had with Gov.
MANNING and Former Gov. Blease as
contestants. Among those who gave
me their support are former sup
porters of these two gentlemen ard
I am not unmindful OF their prefer
ences. 2,
- recognize the right Of, every
citizen to cast his ballot for the man
OF his choice. 1 know. too. that 4
have some friends who think should
raake no statement at all at this
time and \ respect their Judgment
highly. But can not and do not pro
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1916-09-02

pose to evade stand for what 1 con-
ceive to be the best interest of nv
State. Without attempting to give
my reasons in detail, I believe 1 can
Fest serve my State at this time by
supporting Gov. Manning. A man in
plblic life should act according to the
dictates OF his conscience and judg-
ment without regard to the effect
which his course may have upon MS
PERSONAL political fortune and should
also forget any wrong which may
have been done him when what he
conceives to be his duty to his state
is at stake.
Il do not presume to dictate to
the friends who voted for me. They
nave a sovereign right to their bal
lot. l make this statement as to my
self for the reasons set forth above,
and, further, that may not be ac-
tused of political cowardice or of
sulking in my tent"
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1916-09-02
EVE CDAeREsSnEA REELECTED
WHALEXy BYHNEs, NICHOLS,
FINLEY AND, RAGsDALE WIN
in FIRST PRIMARY
Aiken Will Have to Run Over AGAINST
Fred H. Dominick in Third Cons
grcssionai District-StevensQn Fails
\ to Beat Finley.

= Columbia, Aug. 31.--Five of the
South Carolina congressman who had
|opposttioH II the Democratic primary
a 4! sln : \ FcA,sessss the
FIRST ballot The fortunate five Were
Richard s., whaley in the First,
James F. Byrnes in the Second, Sam
j. Nichols in the Fourth, d. e. Fin
ley in the Fifth and j. w. Ragsdale
I'm the Sixth. In the Third Wyatt
Aiken faces the prospect of a second
race against F. H. Dominick of New
berry. who led the field.
In the First district Mr.. Whaley got
1922 votes against 4,907 for j. G.
Padgett, his opponent In the Second
MI. Byrnes swept the field, carrying
every county against Alvin Etheridge,
lis opponent.
In the Third district F. H. Dominick
of Newberry led, with 1921 votes,
while Wyatt Aiken polled 6,O95. Hen
ry G. Tillman with 4,S62, A. H. Dag
nall with S.S14 and John A. Horton
with 2.344, followed in order.
In the Fourth Same J. Nichols are
ried every county against two oppo-
nents, the vote standing: Nichols. 12-.
901; d. B. Traxler, 3,191; A. H. Mil
Ter, 1923.
In the Fifth the result is appar-
'ently no longer in doubt. The last tab
uiation, which included the complete
vote from both York and Chesterfield.
the home counties of the two contend
ers.. gave Mr.. Finley lead of about
500 over w. f. Stevenson, his op-
ponent. The vote stood: Finley, o.
617; stevenson, S,S03.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1916-09-02
GREEK KING FLEES.
Leaves Athens With German Escort
for Iarissa.

London, Aug. 31.--The collapse of
the Greek government Is predicteain
official circles following the report
that King Constantine has fled from
Athens, with German uhlans as os.
cort. to Larissa. 1t is reported tha.
battle between the allies and
Greek soldiers occurred around the
kings country estate. II is believed
the allies will take control of the
government.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1916-09-02
GARRETTSON BEFORE CON-
GRESS.
Head OF Railway Conductors Broth.
crhOOd First to Speak.

washington, Aug. 31.-Chief Gar
fetson OF the Conductors Brother
mood was the first speaker before the
senate interstate commerce commit
tee hearing. He declared the men
mad made great concessions, when
they accepted President Wilson's
eight hour day plan, sacrificing ev-
erything except the shorter day.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1916-09-02
SIGNS IMPORTANT BILLS.
WILSON PUTS HIS SIGNATURE tn
NATIONAL DEFENSE MEAS.
URES.
Speaks Briefly of What This Congress.
Has Done for COuntry's Safety.

washington, Aug. 29.--PreSident
wilson today completed the admins
tration preparedness legislative pro-
gramme by signing the army and
navy appropriation bills. At the same
time he signed the Philippine bill.
The president also signed the uniform
bill Of lading bill. AS he did so he was
surrounded by members Of the senate
and house committees and army and
navy officers.
Moving picture cameras recorded
the event. After, signing the mcas-
ures, the president spoke briefly.
L think that the whole country
will feel" said the president, that
this congress has accomplished a very
remarkable part of the programme of
national defense. This bill that / have
signed for the army is merely the ap-
preparation bill, it is not the bill by
which we reorganized the army, of
course you understand, but it does
carry with it very much needed re-
vision of the articles of war, and it
does mean that the finances of the
nation are to stand behind the reor-
ganization of the army and its use
for adequate national defense.
The navy bill is a very remarkable
measure. Never before by one single
act Of legislation has so much been
done for the creation of an adequate
navy. Our navy has steadily grown.
l think the development of that arm
OF force has always had the enthu-
siastic support Of the nation. 1t is
matter of unusual qualification there
fore, that we, should have been able
at this time to do so much, to do 1t
SO we'll. as I believe it to be done in
this bill, and to do it with such
unanimity of support and opinion.
3 "The Philippine bill excites pecu.
liar feelings in me, because there have
been times when the people of the
Philippines doubted our intentions to
be literally just to them. hope and
believe that this bill is a sufficient
sxfnssty 'taenasof -onr rsaf Intentions. I:s
1t is Very satisfactory advance in
our policy of extending to them gen.
uine self-government and control of
their own affairs. 1t is only by such
means that any people comes into
contentment and into political capa-
city. and it was high time that we did
this act Of justice which we have now
DONE
The last bill, the bill Of lading bill.
l believe, will be a most substantial
assistance to the right conduct of
both the commercial and financial
business of the country.
$50 that it is with great gratifica
ton that am able to add my part to
so many pieces of useful and public
spirited legislation. 1 am not accus
toned to the kind Of spot light to
which We have just been subjected.
but l am very glad to have been
caught at such acts"
The president said that the bills
probably would be momentous in
their results
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1916-09-02
HOLD STOCKHOD RIVER.
German Offensive Fails to Dislo,u.
Russians

Petrograd. Aug. 31.-The Germans
are continuing their volhynia Often
sive, but are unable to drive the
l'ussians from the Stokhod river. The
"er erhlans were repulsed northeast of
hoVei with severe German losses it
Is announced. On the Caucasus front
the Turks were repulsed near Giume-
shan, and the Russians are advancing.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1916-09-02
COTTON CONDITION SHOWS 5s.7
Ben ii. Harvin Gives Figures on Cot.
ton Crop Yield.

Havin, Aug. 2s.-Replies to g.
600 inquiries sent to every cotton
growing State for the growing condi-
ton of cotton to August Gath, shows
an average condition of 58.7.
BY States as follows:
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1916-09-02

Lind, Ohio. Aug. 31.-Sheriff Ely.
who was almost hanged by a mob. is
being cared for by physicians at OF
tawa. The mob took him there. seek =
irg negro criminal. The negro had
rived.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1916-09-02
GAINING y, / STATES.
WILSON GE = STRONGER IN
NEW YQ = OHIO AND IN.
Mayor g 9 dianapolis Thinks His
State ,e Safe i'm Democratic
Rank >

Ws ton. Aug. 29.-There is an
old to the effect that '.as In
diana, nio and New York go. so will
the election"-in national affairs
and while it is quite true that these
three States hold the balance of pow-
er, right at this time these three
States are looking toward Wilson.
Every report that comes to the ma
tional capital from New York, Ohio
and Indiana, and other of the big vote
centres indicates that Democratic
strength is increasing with every new
day and that the little enthusiasm
that came to light for Candidate
Hughes just after the Chicago conven-
tion is fast ebbing away.
Today 3. c. Bell, mayor of the great
city Of Indianapolis, was in Washing
ton and expressed the conviction that
there would be a sweeping Wilson VIC
tory in Indiana this year.
"Mr. Wilson will carry the State
without a doubt said Mr.. Bell, "and
Tom Taggart will be returned to the
senate as surely as Frank Hanly, can
didate for president on the Prohibitions
ticket. will be defeated. Mr.. Taggart
is one Of the most popular men in Tn
diana. He is a born fighter, knows
every man, woman and child in the.
State by their first names, and il there
is one thing the people out my way.
| admire, its fighter. He kept us out
of war. That is the biggest asset that
Mr.. Wilson has. He will win in In
diana on that issue alone. His Mex
lean policy is in great favor with the
people. and his conciliatory attitude
toward the European belligersnts Ii
praised equally as high.
"As regards Mr.. Justice Hughas's
trip through the West, believe that
before he has completed his swing
around the circle, he will have con4
yinced the American people that Mr..
Wilson ought to be reelected. In spita
bpf the demise Of the bun moose, fncrl
ARE 3 great many Prog gressi3es ii IN Ga.
diana who are still sore at the treat
ment accorded them by, the Republi-
can party, and not few of them will
support the Democratic ticket. The
Republicans are in such a precarious
state that the leaders felt obliged to
call in all their speakers last week
In final effort to find something
upon which they could base a tenaklc
campaign against Wilson.
Indiana has never been more pros
porous than it is today. There is
plenty of labor for those who want to
work. and not enough workers for the
jobs. In the past employment agen.
cies have been trying to find jobs for
men, now they are engaged in trying
to find men for the jobs. There has
not been a strike under my admins
tration, and L have been mayor for
three years."
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1916-09-02
(ulbB tl4tlEI. IouE.
- 49, Or iHAzE .rRoOps ON
nonDER 10 .RErURN no I,
1tA'cR CAaERs. -.
~ Dsparszssut CONFIDENT THAT
Thpso sse s,asctcnt Men to Insa,rc
npSety oa Fiontisr-south Carolina

sSs .-.,,-- ~. 80 s.s.. .,,,,.a
e.s.n. ~ ~ odo N,.,,ona, cuaras,0s,
nav On ~ M,,.tean harder wars q.
srsh toa,rbt ~ ,the war lspartmsp,
<,cn runston ,,s. direetsa 10 ret,u,,
snA rssimsnt fr6m Louisiana. three
nom New York, twc from New Jar
~. iwo from Ill,ro,., two from MIS-
sI1 aSd ons each fro.u c.aItforn,s &
orcr,n sad wsshlsxton. & :.
neeretlrv ask - ! ann ounce. tha ~.
~ afss2 : cont q er,ncs with Pre.,dep,
W,nson q ne White House. Ear,le,
(, /, - dsv a. .,.n. =, an. haa ~
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1916-09-02

~ss'cago Railroads Will Work TO.
ecthcr tn Break Strike.
chicago. Aug. 31.---The heads of all
tho big railroads entering the city
met today for perfecting plans for
taxing care OF trains IL the strike
comes. They plan to help each other
py exchanging strike breakers.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1916-09-02
FIRED ON AMERICAN SHIP.


Gesman Govcrnmcnes Smbmarino
Attack ON Steamer Oswego.
WASHINGTON. Aug. 31.--Secretary
IAnsing received through Ambassador
Gerard note from Germany saying
that the American steamer Owego
was nred on by German submarine
while passing the Isle of Wight Au-
rust .. but international law was not
violated because the steamer refused
20 stop until after the shots had been
fred. p
President Wilson leaves the capt. /.
esf Ayins that strike legislation il
making progress.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1916-09-02
AUSTRIANS IN WILD PANIC.
EOumanians Advance Thirty Miles in
hungary.

London, Aug. 31.--The Rouman.
lans have advanced thirty miles into
hungary, driving the Austrians before
them in wild flight. The Austrians
abandoned the mountain passes, vii
lagos and fOrtresses. The Rouman-
ians are now holding six important
passes
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1916-09-02
FIGHTING IN LORRAINE.

Germans SHIFT Point OF Attack on
, French Front.
Paris. Aug. 31.-Shifting their at
Jacks to Lorraine the Germans pene-
srassd French trenches in the Par
roy sector. but were elected, 1t Is an
nounced.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1916-09-02
BRITISH USE GAS.

successful Attack Made ON Arras
Front.
London. Aug. 31.-The British used
sas Mt Armentieres on the Arras
ront against the Germans with good
results. II is announced. Bavarian Of
ncsrs and men surrendered without
resistence at Martinpuich.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1916-09-02
All PREVENT STRIKE. y.
WILSON STILL WORKING j IN
FACE OF OBSTACLES.
Congress- Urged TO Rush Through
Lcsialation to Prevent suspension ii
All Railroad Traffic That WoaId
DemOraIizc Business. Ssa

Washinston, Aug. # s1.--Presiden:
Wilson called Majority Leader Keff'
itosths White House then. wsnt u to thp
2 sega{ y 4 Iar q 3: : y rs ,e{so2sssaIc kAs
Iieadets IN an effEf'tt TO get Kis Iegl lSf6-
tive program through. Eefore the
senate committee hearing ,Garettson
declared that hs will call off the strike
IL congress passes an eight hour day
law. He opposes the compulsory
concilliation law, however. He saws
he can call off the strike but the only
way is by telling the men that a salts
factory agreement has been reached.
wilson In the conference with the
senate interstate commerce commit
tee leaders demands the passage of
the eight hour law. He says it is
the only solution and that other
measures could be passed after Sat
urday.
Majority Leader Kitchen of the
housei says he Is confident the eight
hour law will pass the house quickly
and VIII also pass the senate, but he
expects opposition there.
Garrettson later declared that no
power on earth could force the work
men to accept compulsory concilia-
uon and investigation legislation.
samuel Gompers follows Garrett
son before the committee He saw.
congress may make strikes illegal
out cannot stop them, as they are
necessary and will continue.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1916-09-02

H. ~ wsal UAdcr wss by rtstIsy
h, @rsa&arday.
R 4utonfo Tsxas. Aus. so.41'he
Dvensnt ~ Nasionai nuards-
ssaonessd 70 rstusn 10 theil-
~ camps from rho
~ bloeS vishtA ~ uvxt
~ ~ !
had received the war depart
ontS order. Sslf III
f = expscted the movement will be
wel under wsy by Friday or satur-
day. Gen. Funston will immediately
trAasnit instructions to the various
rpgiments In his department.
Al Southern department headqnar. /.
tsrs II was said that the recall OF the
5000 men would interrupt organzi-
don OF new National Guard divisions.
Each new division will lose import
ant parts and the construction of a
complete mobile army will be delayed
indefinitely.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1916-09-02
MANNING IS Confident.
Governor Manning Issues Statement on Primary
Results.

Columbia Aug 3O-Gov. morning. gave to tho
press the following
"A majority of Bleae He polls b,s
' "'fe'Sth III the primary is
"h'-r"'se vote Bcase his normal
"'c'h and cannot better in primary
same situation this morning TO win
''e "'h' III the second primary to it,
"oV Manning fight rapidIy toucb
"uh his friends he
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1916-09-02

Washington, Aug. 31.-President
"i'Soh caiieo large number of
leaders of the house and senate into
the presidential room at the capitol.
asking them to hurry up strike leg
ie'a'ioh' senators Smith of South
Carolina. and Pomerene, of Ohio. af-
Ter icaVing say they talked over pro-
posed legislation and are now con-
vinced that there will be no strike.
Majority House Leader Kitchin. af-
ter the conference, says they are try-
'hs 10 get action and believ they
VIII succeed in time. 1t Is the gen.
eral peiief that President Wilson will
abandon his full legislative progro m.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1916-09-02
Germans Admit Loss.

Berlin, Aug 31.-The loss of
trenches north of Arras on the
Somme front is Officially admitted. =.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1916-09-02

Bucharest. Aug. 31.--National pro-
hioition has been declared In Rou-
mama.
Norwich bulletin., 1916-07-18

commended for the truck, for example,
the condition of the streets and roads
may be such that the normal speed is
inadvIsable. It certainly is bad prac-
tice to drive a, truck over rough pave
ments at speeds that cause the wheels
to continually bounce free from the
ground.
The tendency of rear wheels is to
reVolve faster when losing traction
and free from the roadway. When
the weight Of the truck, added to the
tremendous kick of the spring re-
bound, forces the wheel back to the
road surface, it receives unusual
abrasion and the tread rubber wears
off quickly, the effect being nearly the
same as though the tire be held
against an emery wheel.
Under normal conditions the wave
in the tread rubber of the tire ahead
of that part in contact with the road
Will overcome, to a certain extent, by
the reaction or snap back qualities
of the stock, but when driven ut ex-
cessive speed, this wave naturally
passes around the tire moro quickly,
and the wave lengths become shorter
and more localized; the rapid distor-
ton and fieXing of the tread rubber
creates heat with consequent impair
ment to the strength and life of the
rubber tissues Excessive heat in SOL
id tires make the rubber brittle and
short in it's elastic prOperties-the eff
feCts are similar to the steel parts of
| truck, when heated ard crysraIzed
from vibration.