davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-31
OddLOtS of COrSetS

Odd lot of Warmers. c. B.. P.
Corsets, broken lots from disconti
lines; mostly all sizes. Regular $3.50
$500 values
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-31
FLOOD ENDANCERS LIVES
OF FIFTY FAMILIES
Marooned Beyond the Arkansas
River Levee and Rescue Is
Said to Be Urgent.

LITTLE ROCK, Ark, January 81
Fifty families are marooned beyond
the Arkansas river levee, at Redfork.
between Little Rock and Pine Bluff,
and unless they are rescued within
four hours they probably will be
drowned, according to word received at
/ o'clock this afternoon by the board
of commerce here from planter named
Mcneil. The board of commerce is en-
deavoring to obtain a steamer to send
to Redfork.
ST. LOUIS. Mo, January 31.-The Mis-
sissppi river continued to rise during the
night and this morning registered 81
feet, rise of 1 !. feet in twelve hours
The Meramec river. which flows into the
Mississippi river twenty five miles below
this city. and the Des Peres. which skirts
the western and southern edge of the city,
also were rising. Hundreds of acres near
Valley Park have been flooded by the
MeraElec.
The Illinois river went out of its banks
during the night in Jersey county, ILL.,,
and many farmers fed from their homes.
They saved most of their stock by driving
the herds to the surrounding hills.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-31
North Dakotans Planning Meeting.

A meeting of the North Dakota AS
ISOLATION of the District of Columbia is
to be held Wednesday evening in room
lI. Senate office building. Election Of
officers for the ensuing year and other
important business will be disposed OF
as we'll as discussing plans for the
annual celebration and dinner Febru-
airy 90. that date being the twenty
seventh anniversary Of North Dakota
admission as a state of the Union.
This society is one of the Oldest
state organizations in the District
Lorin c. Nelson of the interstate COM
merce commission Is president and
Paymaster John Hancock, u. S. N, vice
president. while Joseph F. Miller OF
the government printing ONCE is sec
retary-treasurer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-31
Would Assume U. S. Obligations.
JAMES TRAINOR DIES.
Was Proprietor of Restaurant Once
Famous for Its "Tenderloins."

NEW YORK, January 81. - James
Trainor. whose restaurant gave the name
of "Tenderloin" to that section of the
city in the neighborhood of Broadway
and West 33rd street. died yesterday in
a hotel here. Trainor's restaurant, which
has since been torn down. was famous
for its steaks. When Police Captain Alex
ander Williams was sent from police
headquarters to take command of the
West 3Otn street police station he dined
at Trainers restaurant. Returning to
hea dquarters for his belongings he said:
I'm through eating chuck steak. It's
tenderloin for me now up where / am :"
Thereafter the district included within
that police precinct was known as the
"tenderloin."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-31
BILL CARRIES $a20, 500, $40.
.s----!-
Appropriations for P. o. Department
. to Cover Next Fiscal Year.

The post office appropriation bill
carrying s320.50s.s7e. against $313.364.-
S67 last year and over $4,000, 900 more
than was asked by the Post Office De
partment, was reported to the House
today.
The post Office committees increase
is practically all due to dissatisfaction
with the amount recommended by the
Post Office Department for rural de-
livery service. the committee bill boost :
ing the departments recommendation
for rural free delivery service by $4,-
500,0 900 to a total of s53,o00.0o0.
The bill carries the $29,725,050 rec
commended by the department for rail-
way mail pay.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-31
w. 7. MANNING CHANGES
HIS PLEA BEFORE COURT

William T Manning today changed his
plea of not guilty before Chief Justice
Covngton in Criminal Division. No. /.
and pleaded guilty to indictment
charging manslaughter. He was COM
mitted TO Jail TO await sentence. Man
ming shot his brother-in-iaw, Grover c.
Glascock. December 81. 1914. at his apart
ment on Newton street following an ar
gument over vest. Glascock died the
next day. The accused is said to have
been drinking at the time Of the shoot
ing. The case was referred to the pro-
batio-. officer.
Former United States Attorney Clar-
ence X. Wilson represented the defendant.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-31
MEETS AN OBJECTION
FOR LIMITED DEBATE
Senator Hitchcock to Do All in His
Power to Hasten a Vote on the
Philippine Bill.

Senator Cummins today objected to
unanimous consent asked by Senator
Hitchcock that speeches on the Phil
ippine self-government bill and all
amendments be limited to ten minutes.
Senator Hitchcock then announced that
he would resort to every legitimate
means in his power to hasten the bill
to a vote.
Senator Hitchcock today introduced
another amendment to the Philippine bill
to modify the amendment proposed by
Senator Clarke. Senator Clarkes amend
ment proposed independence for the
islands within four years. Senator Hitch
cocks amendment would extend the time
if the President thought the interests of
the United States required delay in with
drawings or if the stability of the
island government made it DESTROYS.
Would Assume q. S. Obligations.
The new Philippine government
would acquire : the obligations the
United States assumed when it took
over the islands from Spain. 49,.
Senator Clarkes proposal that the
United States alone guarantee the in
dependence of the islands for five years
would be eliminated and the President
would be authorized to invite other
governments to join in respecting Phil
ippine independence.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-31
Neutral Steamers Held Up.

LONDON. January % delayed by
censor).-The Norwegian steamers
Tanajford. from New York for Bergen,
wagon cargo. Venistria. from New Or
leans and Newport News for Chris
tiana, wagon cargo: Olaf Kyrre. from
Baltimore for Vaksdal. with a cargo of
wheat and rye. and Glitra. from Balti-
more for Aarhuus. with maize, and the
Danish steamer Alexandra, from New
York for Copenhagen with a general
Aargo. have all been taken into Kirk
$Faii.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-31
SAY PROPOSED ROYALTY
WILL Be PROH|bT|VE
Illuminating Company's Spokesman
Protest Suggested Rate to In
dams on Gas Production.

To pay a royalty of 3 cents a thou
sand cubic feet to the Usage Indians
for the natural gas taken from their
lands would drive the companies to
other fields. according to representa-
tives of the Indian Territory Illumi-
mating Company at a hearing before
Secretary Lane of the Interior Depart
ment today.
The hearing was given in conse-
quence of the assertion made before
congressional committee that the In
terror Department could obtain that
amount for the Indians.
c. F. Leetch, representing the Indian
Territory Illuminating Company, the
present lessees. testified that the pres
ent lease of the company amounted to
100000 acres. and estimated that at the
present rate Of sinking wells the lands
would be used up for natural gas pur-
poses in twelve years.
Payment Made on Well Basis.
The companies now pay the Indians
on the we'll basis of 500 a well, and
the witness said that it would be i'm
practicable to pay on the royalty basis.
H. B. Foster pointed out that the i'll
Eliminating company had to stand the
leakage loss from the well to the dis
tributing plant because the meter was
at the latter place.
Others Heard.
Others who spoke were former Repre-
sentative A. Mitchell Palmer of Penn
sylvania and Alfred Diescher. vice
president and general manager of the
Paw Paw and Wichita Company. dis
tributing agent.
At the hearing also sat the tribal
council Of the Osages, featherless, but
in full tribal colors. giving indication
that the dyestuff famine had not yet
been felt in the west.
The hearing was resumed this after
noon.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-31
Colder Weather Predicted.

Slightly colder weather is predicted
for tonight by the weather bureau.
This will have the effect of preventing
rains that would be likely otherwise.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-31

Women'a Famous Silk
Gloves. double tipped fin
gers; in white only. Sub
ject to slight imperfec-
tons. All sizes.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-01
EXPECT TROUBLE IN BAYONNE.
Police Prepared to awe Emer
grncy can. To-day.

Considerable labor trouble is expected
in Eayonne to-day and last night Police
Inspector Daniel tady revised the d"talls
OF policemen 80 they could h. mustered
together on qu-k notice in event of
emergency calls. II Was learned ina, no
strike is Likely at either the standard
al or Tidevatcr rlaris. ~ the 5000 men
employed thcr. are - fled with Ne t"-
cent voluntary increases ~ vases an
uouuced 10y "a. companies.
\ reply 10 the demands of 40" laho~ors
a. the International Nickel C%piupauy's
,laut FOR an Increase in uay Of -! pc
cent. is cNp"ct"d. this morning II u -
not, granted ~" lAhoi-rA Wil. quit wurh,
'hoy say. and may tr, - get ~" other
900 employee: t. Join them. I.umor- Of
poss.hl. wI.kouts 80 carpenters. hdlb.r
and bakers WEI" circulated las Ub.h;.
Workers are NOW 81 strike a. the plants
o. the Eco ard l.eol,stic companies
Inspector CsdN was informed ycstcr-
day tNat / w. " as.tators may h" IN
tow to-day 20 try t. induce workmeu
~ strike. lie said Il" would hc ready
for them aid j; they ottonVtcd "a cause
any disord-r he would see that they We"
forced outside tho city limits w.tn1u'
ceremony or loss Of time.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-01
FACTORY WAGES UP 40
PER CENT. IN STATE
- Per Cent. More Persons En-.
ploycd in Past Year. Ac-
rordin" to Reports.

NlnANY. April 3o-Thc ircreas. in
the volume of business in New York
state out OF the demands Gre
a'cd hy the war for practically every
manufactured product has resulted In
the employment of - per cent. more
employees and an Increase OF approx
matclv 40 per cent. n wages during the
last year
Present industrial conditions compared
With tn" situation existing a l.'tl" NOR"
than q y'ir az bear out this assertion.
according 20 information obtained from
thu. state lndis,rial Commissions rec
ords. These figures are based upon the
monthly reports o' more than l.2Ho fac
tories o,nplo, ing ahou, 100000 EN-
ploy"cS.
Further evidence of the impruv"m'n nj
Of industrial conditions in this state
- found ~ TN. r%cirnrt~ " the state EN-
pluyiuou, bureau. Heretofore the prob
l.ln ut the bureau Was 20 lind jobs. Tn.
,,,"rs. i- now the case. There are
plenty 81 jobs Tne trouble iS 20 IND
tn, m,u auj one to MI them
Iu-.uE March ~" metals industry
Wa employing Al per cent more men
and Wup'u and paying t2 yer cent.
moro wages than n tn" CORRESPONDING
mouth year ago During the iirst
tnrc, weeks - April the iron mills de-
perG:us largely upon IN" output of tho
ipr about - pcr cent. more help than
a wear ago. TINS ratio Of increase np.
| plies v'u equal effect 20 tho tools.
! lot, cutler avid firearms INDUSTRIES
Increases of more than - per cent IN
! IN. uumh.r employed and of 90 per cont
.sn wage PAID were reported by manu-,
ta,,urers Of railway machinery
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-01
THREATEN TO MOVE
CLOAK FACTORIES
Manufacturers Present Their
Side of Case in Lockout Of
10000 Workers.
BLAME UNION LEADERS

The Cloak. Suit and Skirt Manufa'-
turers Protective Association. which will
.ock out $4,000 employees this morning.
issued "A statement yesterday presenting
It's side Of the case and threatening to
move the plants out Of the city II The
Members cannot otherwise rid themselves
~ "sentimcntality on the one hand and
trouble seeking labor leaders III the
other"
"Now that the flaming of passion has
somewhat subsidized runs the statement,
I'VE. accused of alt sorts Of b%as"ncs'.
cruelty II barbari>y against our en-
pioyccs. wish to lay our side ~ the
matter before the public.
AS all other Industries the cloak and
suit industry was IN It's infancy IN this
country only a few years ago.
at was the aim and ambition Of the
:1en who developed the industry to IN
troduce the most sanitary conditions IN
their factories and TO have their en-
ploy ecs work for "A living wage. II was
he pride Of these men to know hat their
workers were we'll paid and their fami-
lies well housed. fed and clad.
"Uniouism appeared. We never strcnh-
ously ol jectcd 10 the reasonable" de-
mands of the union when these demands
pcrtained to wages. hours and holidays,
and we viii always hold those rights
sacred. We did, howcvcr. ohj"ct from
the INCEPTION to tho unions inc'irsions on
utr rights rs masters NJ out factories.
Whenever the union attempted 10 dictate
20 us as to whom we were 90 employ
tld gains whom We were to discrim.-
100 sI-,A AY1 shAt an
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-01
LABOR SITUATION
is CALLED SERIOUS
May Circular Of the National
city Bank Reviews the
Business Field.
UNEASY OVER RAILROADS

The labor question Is the factor Of
,biof c,,ce,, a., ,h. i,,.,,o.s situation,
- - a.,
"'o'"""e " u" way '"'""" w"
National city Bank. which says in part
"A conciliatory disposi,ion has been
ur,,u,. ,u.n,,,., au ,a,.t,.
Il Willingness 10 snare the present pros
i'erity and the employ cs a readiness TO
,d,us, tho differences and l,ecn a, work.
hui, ,bere AFRO large disnut,s now nend.
ING which orcasion anxiety Nav ,s
always n critlcai ds;c in tho Labor. wear.
AVID Tho si,uation IL moro than usually
unsettled ,his wear Tn, ou,co,n. of tho
.r,br,c,o ,ou~fer,pcc ls "A disnnnoiut.
mon, ns 4, iuvoIv,s a v.ry largo hodv ~
men. and ,h. mos, troublesome Of All
.,sucs has beer raised. To- vii. the closed
shon.
the mos, scIious of these con,rovcr-
si,s ir ,,s rossihil.jes is tho an, be,wocn
III. ,.i,-o,d co,n,,nies and lin. o,,jcrs ~
railway ~tr,in,non. Since the demands n,
IN. latter have been Formulated tho cx-
messio, Of public oninion ,rains, =,
.,rito Inns hoon :, prououn,rd that q, is
assumed in carry considerable weight
with tho Ic,,.,s vhn hovc ,h, case in
hand and there have beon exprcssions
,t.h,, ,be orders vri,h irdic,,. cha, cv-
,,cmo ac,ion win not M. s,npor,,d. The
ouero,iop Of IN, r,ilvavs however. is a
,,a,,or OF s,ich vita, nubli, importance
ma, th.rc viii h, unc,sincss until In.
,bro,, NJ s,rikc .. vi,hdr.v n
"%othinp coulI moro clio mi, s,airn tho
r,osc,. ,rJus,ri,i si.u,,,or ~ rx,r,o,.
binary ,h,r tho gran, III, fho lc,liur
s.,cl rnmpaui.. ~ n second 10 ror cent.
...y, ,l,..n., c,,., .,. l.ct,pfve ~ .tis
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-01
BRIDEGROOM KILLED AT FEAST \
Italian pies After shooting bows
One Of nests.

-. ~ - -, - ....I.,
TN nou'S ai'er ne hah oceh W"rr'eds
ana While u wcddins festivities were
n'INS 'ctebratcu III ms nome IN 'ru9
ltaIlah StNi"' Niichaci fahtorto' 81. OF
%" East fortleth street. was shot deau
III a quarrel after he had gone dowrstairs
10 invite a neighhor 10 the feast. inc
other man. Joseph Matzarrolll. ~, of tho
same address, was X to bellevue
Hospital, MORALLY wounded. for Fantorto
had "A gun too. and used 1t to good Chr-
pose In the fight.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-01

The armc workers have decided ,o
declare themselves or strike n will
not return to work. according TO their
leaders. unless they are granted higher
wages and more satisfactory working
conditions.
The garment workers said Mr.. Hill
quit, ARE In "A defensive" position. They
are resisting the aggression of the manu-
facturers"
Mr.. Hilluu!; veuturcd tho prophecy
Yesterday that eventually the garment
manufacturers would open their doors
and offer to accept union workers rro-
He believes that tho lockou, will las,
for u long time. several months. and
that the workers will lose tremendously.
He says. however. that they are well
prepared and are determined TO fight 10
the end.
such. in fact. seems to he the case
will all Of the striking workers. Tlvir
leaders say that the union are pre-
pared 10 carry on the strikes for 4
long time. If necessary.
In addition TO tho so. 0On cloakmakers
who will declare themselves on strike
to-day. workers who may - ou' include
10000 metal workers. 2O.ooO painters.
$4,000 bakers. 1900 IRON workers. 5000
! marine engineers. 5000 marine cooks.
loo mineral water NorGcrs and l,5oo
ceincn; workers.
The 10000 sailors who have beer
negotiating for higher wages wcf.
granted their demands Yesterday some
Of the marine cooks and stewards expect
II settlement Of their dispute to-day in
the form of a 10 per CEN. wage In
crease.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-01
STRIKE TO TIE UP TUGBOATS
shipping viii NJ tndrr
Handicap To-day.

Harbor shipping will he under Il hand :
cap to-day on account of the strike
ordered by the Harbor Towing and Con-
sol'lated Engineers Union. As nearly
all the towboat men here are members OF
the union practically all the towooat
companies are affected and most or the
tugs will not go out this morning.
Several mail steamer that are due and
Government boats at the Brooklyn navy
Nard and elsewhere VIII have to cet
along without tugs.
The engineers Of tho Dalzcll towhoat
company served notice yesterday aneN
noon that they would not take the boats
out this morning. A similar notice was
served on other companies.
In the case OF the palzcll company the
,owhoat men did NOT make known their
demands. "a their wages and working
conditions arc already better than the
union has asked for.
Frederick u Dalzell. head Of the com
pany. said that al "A conference with his
mon last Monday an agreement was
reached that was apparently satisfactory
Yesterday AT 4 o'clock he was notified.
he SAIL. that T. /. D~elahanty of III" en-
xineers union had declared the agree
men, void as having been made outside
ot the union and had o~i,red the men
not to take the boats out.
Tho palzcll company expects 10
! opera,e two oc its boats to-day with
engineers who have remained loyal 10 the
company.
The nremcn ON the boats are also
, going on strike to-day. according 20
r. l.. pclahunty. business manage of
the mems organization. He said last
night tina; every boat In the harbo'
service will no tied ur from row OF
ur'il the employers aCccde to the de-
uands FOR higher wages made upon
them. TIE fremer, who now receive
S3i. are taking the present opportunity
TO demand $50.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-01
COAL REPORT DUE TO-DAY.
Sub-COm mitt~e to Make Known
Wage Agreement Decision.

The Subcommittee OF the anthracite
miners announced yesterday that II
would report to-day 10 the trial district
board, or scale committee. Of the
workers.
The board Is expected to indorse the
tentative wage agreement entered into
between tho members Of the S~ub-Conmit-
zee and the operators, The agreement
will give 10000 anthracite miners the
eight hour day.
The chief points in tho new scale are
Recognition Of tn" union. an eight hour
fnstead Of a nine hour day, specific in
crcases in wages ranging from 3 per
cent. for day workers TO per cent, for
contract miners, u four year instead of
two year wage contract.
II is estimated that the wage increase
will exceed So, 000. 900 a year, The
agreement is retroactive and extends
from April |, 1916, to April |, 1920.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-01
100000 WORKERS
WILL MARCH TO-DAY
Union Leaders Promise One Of
Greatest Paradcs Ever
Seen Here.
WOMEN TO Re IN LINE

II the plans Of the tabor leaders do
not miscarry. one Of the greatest labor
demonstrations ever seen in New York
will take place to-day. The announce
mont has II that 10000 workers. men
and women. will march mp Fifth avenue
this afternoon from Washington Square
to Fortieth street. where n detour VIII
be made to the East Side.
The cloakmakers who have been locked
out--thcrc are 6 5000 of them-will form
IN limo betweon First. Second and Third
avenues on the side streets " First
and Tenth streets. n VIII march to the
foot of Fifth avenue. where they VIII
meet 10000 shirtwast makers.
This army of 100000 marchcrs. n they
are all there. will bc reinforced by So
600 members OF the United Hebrew
Trades. who will form in line al Rutgers
Square.
Abraham l. Shiplacof. Socialist As-
semblvman, has been the leader in max
ing preparations for tho demonstration
lie said that in addition TO the march
crs in Manhattan there would he a pa
radio of 10000 workers in Brownsville.
: The parade will he followed by labor
mass meetings IN various parts ~ the
city. ~ Cooper Tnion the Millinery and
Ladies straw Hat Workers unions. Nos
- and ~. Will he addressed 10y Assem-
hlyman Shiplacof. Jacob tankcn, Ella
Reove Bloor and Nathaniel Spector.
TN. .loiut Board Of the children
clothing Trad" issued a general appeal
Yesterday that the uorkcrs'in the trade
make the MAY day actlvitiea a demon
stratiou against war. Secretary Kan
trovitz OF the joint board has sent "A sim
liar appeal to tho $4,000 local members
- tn" hnalgamated Clothing Workers
OF America.
Al members Of the union have beer
notified that II they do not take part In
tho demonstration they will he disc.
Mined
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-01
PLEA FOR FORMER PRISONERS.
Men viii Make Good In Jobs. Says
\ Manufacture

At the Church Of the Ascension Forum
lat, night III" outside branch OF the
Prison Welfare League laid the case Of
sSorcs OF prisoners before the public,
IA. II. rcnnoCk, u manufacturer. spoke,
saving he had hired former convicts
and induced others to hire them. Al
tho mon recommended made good, he
said,
One speaker. \ former prisoner. said
hc had becn punished by the STATE for
hi misdceds. Having taken the punish
ment, he asked If tho state "ts 10 go or
furnishing him 10y MAINTAINING a public
opinion that keeps him out of work and
compels him to starves
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-01
100000 May
GO ON STRIKE
IN u. s. TO-DAY
continued from EirS, Page.

men will participate IN the unrest this
year AZ did last. But this is "A fact.
at is due to the circumstances that
ten times as many charters were granted
to local labor unions in 1915 as were
issued In 1914. II is also due to the
fact hat the unorganizcd men are ten
times as determined TO have their de-
and considered as they ever were be
fore.
to-day than they were at this time last
year. Many increases In wages and re-
auctions in hours have been made, but
these improvements affect a very small
percentage of the vast army of working
men and women In this country"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-01
100000 THREATEN TO
STRIKE HERE TO-DAY
Labor Situation in City Serious, but Truces May Pre-
vent Great Walkout of Workers-Wage In
creases Are Cause of Unrest.

without nrntcy, Ia o,,nlnycr. whnsc con.
tracts wore ming IN f,st
Pertains tho mos, imnor,an, of IN,
threatened strikes "a ,ba, ~ tho fouy
great railroad hro,hcrhoods tho train.
mon. ,bc euv,uoc,s ,bc pro,,en aud tho
conductors rho,, .ra a.Lin, IN. ,,ns
and , hair for nyer,irc anJ an cirh,
hour d,y 1hcir dcm,rds ~ granted
viii ,cco.s;,,,, ,.u, o~x,o,li,,r, IA,
the railroads of s,oo ma ooo nnnu,u,
-, ..N w. v'VV,'oV'oV' "'s'y'
"L,y,,, rcr,,a, nr nr"",ar,r ~ no.
code, h. :, ,o,,r,, .,rita a,, q,
saiI No,ris tIiiicn,, naanirn ,a.,ord,,
On ,ho co,.r,i go, ,nn,, .,,y,.h ,rn.
,or,,y ,r.ra 49,, ,anon "a. Tn.
uo,Lo,s saa ,ha, ,ha.
e., ,ha.o ..a,. NV S""ii'.
,,rdor rr'nha, ,;,ma "'y eN
rn,r,a.t, - ~ "'" W.