The Monticellonian., 1916-09-07


The space which they eecu-
pied was converted into premenades
for the prosperous citizens o. this
modern Calcium capital Of 100000 in
habitants. il WAS doubtless assumed
by many That. having suffered the
sling and arrows of outrageous for
tune for the five centuries Of its
municipal existence. fute would aiiot
it Il sureeaSe fFam siege and capture
says The bulletin of the National Geo
graphic society.
Lying 81 miles almost due cast of
Pr2emysl and more than $50 mites
northeast Of Vienna, Lemherg is sit
uated on the banks of the fettew river
an allluent of the Bus II aestleS IN a
small valley which opens "a The north,
and is surrounded by hills the
most picturesque being the Well=W0od-
Ell Franz=Josef Errg To the northeast.
TO the east. distance of miles. Is
Tarnopol near the Russian border.
one Of the first points of attaeE when
the Museozites pushed beyond the
Galieian frontier.
\ description Of the modern city of
Lemberg rs 1t existed In August 1a14,
requires many notifications today, Tor
the sears of war are 10 be found n its
many handsome homes: its broad. we'll
paved streets. its Roman Catholic
cathedral, a handsome gothic structure
completed in l4s0; its Greek cathedral,
completed in 1779; its Armenian
cathedral in the Byzantine style. dat
ing back to l437, and its magnificent
monuments to such Polish patriots as
King John III Sobieski Who, atter
having saved Lemberg from the Turks
a few years previously, in 1853 saved
all Europe from Mehammedan lnva-
sion by routing an army of 100000
Turks encamped about Vienna, his own
force numbering only 10000
Nearly 700 Years Old
Called Lwow in the Polish tongue
and Leopolis in Latin, Lemberg was
founded by RntheHian prince in l259
Nearly a hundred years later II was
added to the domain of Gasimir the
Great, who bestowed upon the city
the charter and privileges widely
known during the middle ages as the
MagdeburE Right
Following the fall of Constantinople.
Lemherg enjoyed revival of trade
with the East but it was caught IN the
maelstrom of rebellion and piHage
which swept over the Ukraine aud u
part OF Poland during the last half of
the seventeenth century, when the COS
sack hetman. Ghmielnleka, was direct
ing the infamies of the "serfs, fury.
Lemberg was one of the Polish cities
to fall before the arms of Charles XII
of Sweden when the ill-advised Au-
guStas II was drawn into the Great
Northern war. which devastated cen
tral Europe for the first 20 years If the
eighteenth century. In 1772. upon the
first partition of Poland, Lemberg be
came an Austrian possession, and l.
years after this event Joseph II es-
tablished the University of LeHbere
which, at the time of the outbreak OF
the present war. had more than 1000
students.
One of the most attractive parks OF
Lemberg and a favorite promenade
bears the name of the Polish patriot.
Jan Kilinski, humble little shoe
maker. who fought bravely in 1896.
was captured and taken to ST. Peters
burg. After his release he returned
to his shoemaker's bench aud IN his
leisure hours wrote his recollections, a
valuable record of this period OF his
country's history.
Since the establishment of the Ga
lician diet in 1861 Lemberg has en-
i ioyed increasing prosperity. It's manu-
features include machinery and IRON
ware. matches, candles, hqueurs,
chocolate, leather bricks and ales,
while its commerce is largely in linen,
flax, hemp, wool and oil
Nh 1907 two interesting finds were
made in the vicinity of this city by