Tensas gazette. [volume] (St. Joseph, La.) 1886-current, 1916-12-22

\
dent you were picked up by the
49, police a suspected murderer.
/SA\ Inasmuch as you would have no
acquaintance, it would be very
hard for you to prove an abi.
so likely as not the police. being quite eager
to give evidence of their alertness by securing q
conviction as to get at the truth and secure JUS
uce, would give you what they call the third
degree"
According to a writer In the New York Herald
with the third degree the public Is well acauaint-
ca through short stories, articles novels and the
1rama, but there has developed of recent years
rest more grimly nerve racking more crush
ing and relentless-the "silent third degree
to the study Of which penologists and psycholo-
gists are giving much time and thought In the
opinion OF some IT is more unjust than the older
FORM or bullying questioning Others declare
tnat 1t Is true test-One which wrings the truth
nom the subject more certainly than all the ques
doning In the world, and he goes on to explain
how the silent third degree works:
The McNamara Case.
One Of the most notable cases of the practice
OF the silent third degree was in the Los Ange-
les Times dynamiting case James B. Mcnamara
was on trial. The prosecution had developed a
strong case against him, but the mans nerve
was wonderful
1t was Samuel L. Browne chief Of the Los An
geles secret service bureau, who directed the
Eueling daily presentation of witnesses who
spoke not, nor were spoken to. but who merely
Med into the court room. caught the eye of J. B.
Mcnamara, shot him a glance Of recognition and
then unquestiOned by counsel for either side left
the room.
Women with whom Mcnamara had associated.
hotel clerks who had seen him register under
false names. cabmen who had driven him to
places where detectives contended he had met
fellow conspirators in the dynamite plot-all
these were marshaled by the secret service men
and paraded before the prisoner.
Wildly realistically. almost as II with a NOV
Ing picture film each step In the accused dyna-
miters Journey from indianapolis to Los Angeles,
ZACH stage Of development of the plot was called
his mind and, what was worse. there was the
weston that the prosecution knew all. Every
s9Asce,pr four -witpksses who J. p. Mcnamara
exnaw could testify damagingy against him en-
tered the courtroom and bowed to him in recog-
milton the thought was crushingly impressed upon
his mind that another step in his was
known.
One Of these silent witnesses was the mail clerk
who had time and again handed mail to McNa-
mara at the general delivery window and had
known him as ]. B. Bryce. Imagine the effect on
the guilty man when he saw that the mail clerk
recognized him.
There were cabmen who had driven Mcnamara
about, and one Of them had quarreled with him.
Finally woman, plain and rather shabbily
dressed, white and timid. was ushered into the
courtroom. She sat in one of the front seats and
gazed at j. B. Mcnamara.
How the Silent Third Degree Works.
That woman had sold him wrapping paper in
her store. and in her presence he had wrapped
sticks Of dynamite in 1t.
AS the supreme test. the crushing denouement
Mcnamara was confronted by the last living per-
son who had seen him before the dynamite ex-
plosion 1t was the bartender who had sold McNa-
n drin iuct ba elf
swinging door of the saloon back into Ink alley
and placed the dynamite which destroyed 22
lives.
"r1l tell You what this silent third degree
does 1t wakens mans conscience. That's the
underlying principle that makes It effective" said
George s. DOugherty. formerly in charge of the
New York police detective bureau. look here
I'll tell you how It works.
"a man Is arrested for n grave crime-murder.
perhaps. He sees witnesses when he is ar
rested. He is Mt bay. desperate, fighting for his
liberty and maybe for his life. He steels himself
and throws about him armor of bravado
concern taciturnity. His nerves are like steel
flbers, and you can't shake them. If you should
bully him he would become sullen and resistive.
II you should threaten he would become defiant
He might be open to reason. but suppose he were
not.
"When he is arraigned before a magistrate
there may be several witnesses there whom he
recognizes and who. he knows will recognize him.
When he has been first arrested he has told his
mother and his wife and his friends that he is
innocent. The lie means nothing to him then. but
when he sees all these witnesses who are con-
nected with his crime in different ways he begins
to realize that he may be forced to admit his
guilt and that these persons are going to make
him out liar before the friends and relatives
who have stuck by him. That is the beginning
Of the break and it reaches a type of man you
can't bully hoodwink into confession"
Setting Stage for GeideI.
On July %. 1911 William II. Jackson, broker
of New York, was found murdered in his room at
the IroQuois hotel, in the heart of the club dis
trict Of New York city. He had been beaten and
strangled and a bottle which had contained chic
reform was found on the premises