davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun., 1916-01-27
WHAT THE NAVY NEEDS.
This Is the Time TO Make II Adequate
TO Its Task.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SrN-Str; There
has been some talk about the Panama
Canal doubling our navy, but this If the
cry of pacifsts.
ANY European country that has
larger navy than We and has posses
sions in the Pacific could wage on tne
United States a disastrous war. TAKE
England for instance. with her su-
perior number OF dreadnoughts and hat
tie cruisers she could put fleet In
either ocean that would he equal To
our entire fleet. Our feet would no
sooner be switched over to the Pacinc
than hostile fleet would be seen on
Long Island or some other totally uh-
protected spot. 49,,
Then our navy would have to split
up or sail back. and In that case VIVA,
would become Of our Pacific coast? An"
ii the fleet split up IL would not nave
half a chance with the British fleets as
they would be SO much faster than our
drcadnoughts.
And suppose the Panama Canal was
blocked by slide. The only solution
is a >acific fleet. and that of battle
cruisers We should have eight hatlc
cruisers to balance our present meet
Four Of these should patrol the Facino
with two OF our present dreadnouents'
preferably the New York and Texas Inc
others should balance the fleet IN tne
Atlantic These eight cruisers should
put us In a position fairly safe from any
more formidable enemy. hut these can
not he built in less than four years.
What happens in the meantime The
war ends, perhaps What then? IL
depends on the winner: but this pom,
cannot he discussed without breach ot
neutrality.
BY the end of 1916 We shall have
three new dreadnoughts. none or which.
however will have maximum speed
of more than twenty-five KNOTS. Inc
United states could get on very well
with smaller feet II she had the anoNe
mentioned number of battle cruisers,
more destroyers, scouts and seaplanes
and plenty Of officers and men whom
she has not now.
II the United states gets into war
her great advantage will be to strike
first. strike hard and effectively. rs
pecially suited to this purpose are the
newly designed battle cruisers capable oi
: thirty-fve knots 80 are fast, oil burn
ng destroyers so are big. ocean COINS
Submarines Of the first of these We
have not one. although they are author
izcd of the second We have fe"
hut not half enough Of the last and
prob ably tho most important we nave
! not one. although they also are author
ized. but heaven knows when they viii
! be built
The Navy Department recently an
| nounced it's intention to place fyinr
boats on all Of our cruisers. These
should be put on all of our battIeships
too. An aerial coast defence plan with
| the scaplanes equipped with Admira
/ Fishers torpedo release scheme would
he excellent.
In the meantime what IL to become
OF our big ditch with It's ono lone SIX
teen inch gun getting lost In New Jersey
We might az Well take advantage o'
the war end make our additions now
why not? ASK the great Josephus.
| NAVAL PREPAREDNESS.
| MESpHAM y. J.. January %.
The sun., 1916-01-27
what's the Death Rate?

The United States Census Bureau.
at the earnest solicitation of the New
York city Department of Health. will
disregard the State census of 1916 in
computing death and birth rates and
proceed upon purely mathematical
basis which gives results more nearly
in accord with the estimates Of the
local authorities. These. we assume
will do their utmost to arrive at what
they consider fair guess ut the pop
ulation and adjust their records ac.
cordingly.
In the meantime the State Health
Department Is using the State census
figures and thus is at hopeless odds
with the Federal and city officers
In its compilations of statistics. The
muddle is made more intricate hy the
fact that the city Health Department
last year made two estimates Of popu.
lation, one of which was 100000 in
excess of the other.
Until count of the people in which
dependence can he put Is made. the
published death and birth rates of
this town will possess only academic
interest.
The sun., 1916-01-27
The Grateful I'm migrant.

A correspondent in Ann ArhOr asks
Il question so far reaching in its i'm.
plications rs to lead To n suspicion
that ii is To form the subject Of one
of those college debates which right
the wrongs Of an afflicted world in
the only way in which they are ever
likely completely to be redressed. II
is: Does the immigrant owe n debt
to this country"
There will he those who will think
that more propitious time could
have been chosen for such query.
But there was never better time to
make clearer n simple fact which is
the only possible answer.
Whether or not the immigrant owes
debt to this country can he decided
by the immigrant alone. If he feels
no obligation. none exists, If he
chooses to dwell here, prosper, 90 and
come. II Is no concern of rhe Ameri-
can people as embodied in the Gov
iiuNV S''l
ity to the laws they have laid upon
themselves Ia all they will expect.
Against this stranger they will put M
no bar. If they are Of their fathers
faith. for it is of the essence of Amer,
lea that this country is free,
But there are immigrants who feel
and manifest gratitude to the coun-
try which received them with no
special favOrs or rights but with II
kindly Openness and a hand that Of
fPred them the chance to better them
selves. There are immigrants whn
believe that they received here an
opportunity bounded only by the limi.
tations of capacity and the measure
Of industry and the quality Of brains
they brought with them. To these,
The sun., 1916-01-27

were largely from Australia and New
Zealand; colonial troops have ren.
dered valiant service along the west
front and to-day the main defence
In Egypt IS made Up Of troops
from the East. The statement Of Sir
ROBERT BORDEN is significant and may
represent the attitude Of the other
colonies:
This announcement Is made in token
OF Canada's unfiinchins resolve to crown
the Justice of our cause with victory
and an abiding peace In the dawn Of
another year our hearts sre more rsso.
lutte than ever TO our great task. how
ever formidable II may prove"
They take up their tasks not only
to preserve the integrity Of the EN-
pire but to assure as we'll their own
freedom and welfare.
The sun., 1916-01-27
Mr.. Mann's Timely Appeal.

As the Republican party before the
war In Europe was consistently a
two battlcship party. standing for II
uniform construction programme year
by year, Representative JAMES Il.
MAINS speech In the House advocat-
ing a large increase Of the regular
army, adequate coast defence and u
strong navy to uphold the Monroe
Doctrine and other vital policies may
be logically regarded as an express
sion Of the desire Of the Republican
minority for genuine and effective
preparedness.
We do not hesitate to say that the
minority leader takes n statesmanlikc
view of the critical position in which
the United States finds itself. If any
American who loves his country Is In
doubt concerning the necessity of true
preparedness. here is the clnching
argument in the words Of Representa-
tive MANN:
'T do not know, and no one knows,
what will result from the present war.
No one knows whether the aggression
on either side against our interests may
possbly. against our desires and CON
trary to our wishes. finally lead us. per.
haps not into this struggle. but into
some struggle which Is the outcome OF
this one"
This must be the view Of thought
ful men who have studied the war,
its causes. its great magnitude. the
issues involved. the havoc II has
played with international law. the un-
certainty of the result. and the iniiu-
ences growing out of the epochal con-
Of the United States.
The cost of preparedness. as Mr..
MANN Is not afraid to say. must he
met unfiinchingly. The hill must ba
paid with the hope that it will be an
insurance against war. but with the
feeling that If war cannot br avertel
much greater expenditure due 10
the folly "f unpreparedness will have
been avoided. Representative MANS
has rendered the country II substan-
tial service. and II Mr.. WILSON'S
heart iS in the work he has taken up
he Will he nightly encouraged and
heartened 10y the Republican help
,prOmised him
The sun., 1916-01-27

TO TuE f.ulruP oF THE SUN-Sir: SEQ
rotary Glrrison's impraCticahle and in
efficient continental plan Of an army OF
defence Is approved ~ in many quar-
tcrs ON the ground that II Is "sten in
tine rlEut direction" why "a step when
"" need - go the whole distance .
WHY dclud" ourselves with the notion
that step viii afford anything liz. real
protection Must this great nation be
subjected to the danger ~ invasion
because our Democratic Congress -
afraid the party Will suffer defeat at
the ueNt election FOR President II u votes
money enough tu provide such an army
and navy rs the country needs II Is
going to be defeated anyhow. and to use
homcly expression might as well be
hung for an old sheep as "A lamb
The American people are asleep. VIII
they wake np in time II doesn't look
lik" u now NJ, T. II.
NEW NoRK, January %
The sun., 1916-01-27
Canada's War Burdens.

With all the vigor of her youth and
a seriousness that augurs well for the
accomplishment Of her task. Canada
has undertaken 10 raise an additional
oJO.WU men Ia complete The lO.WN
soldiers asked for in Sir RoBERT Boz
DEN's New Years message.
The former authorized force of
Canada was 100000 In December
Sir SAM HUGHES reported the total
enlistment AT 4l2G!AD. and with the
estimated addition Of n thousand
men II day The original call was n
most If not completely answered by
the end Of the year. The response
was from the length and breadth of
the country. British Columbia alone
sent 10000. From many Of the re.
mote posts and settlements in the
north. which the news of the war was
months in reaching. men lramped for
hundreds OF miles over the ice and
snow to enlist. The enrolment M
Toronto last week was 631. and on
last Saturday 10000 troops trained
mt that city were inspected by Gen
eral w. A. Logic.
At the beginning Of the year Sir
SAM HUGHES reported thar Of the
men enlisted llS.922 were in Europe.
Canada has suffered severely. The
exact number of Canadian casualties
has not been announced to date: but
It was especially heavy in the fight
Ing at Ypres and also on the Belgian
front in October, the lists M that
time containing daily from one hun.
dred to one hundred and fifty names.
One of the crack regiments. Princess
Fatrica's Canadian Light Infantry.
: was almost completely nnnihilnted.
The number asked for will be n
heavy draft upon Canada. In fact.
about One-sixteenth Of the present es-
timated population; but the people
have set ont to answer the demand
as II /, were challenge not only upon
their resources but their patriotism.
Besides the drain upon the nations
manhood, Canada will he put to great
expense in equipping and maintain.
Ing this force. 1t is estimated TINT
the cost will he more than S4OO, ,OOO.-
nm n year, hut even this burden In the
face of IN" last years record break.
Ing crop is shouldered without n
murmur.
Canada is not alone in the support
OF the mother country. The British
forces that lost heaviest In the
unfortunate nardanelles expedition
The sun., 1916-01-27
THE PRESIDENT HAS DE-
CLARED A TARIFF CON-
MISSION UNNECESSARY.
Last Years Remarks OF . School.
master.

MASTER.
From a speech bv Woodrow wilson at ~
dianapohs. Ind, January 8, 1915.
II by scientific treatment OF the
tariff they 1.-THE Republicansl mean
adjustment to the actual trade condi-
tlons OF America and the world, then
am with them.
And want to call their attention.
as they apparently have not noticed II,
that the bill which creates the new
Trade Commission does that very
thing.
That commission is authorized and
empowered to enter into and report to
Congress not only upon the conditions
Of trade in this country but upon the
conditions Of trade. the cost of manu-
facture, the cost OF transportation
all the things that enter into the ques-
ton " the tariff in foreign countries
as well as the United states and into
ali those questions OF varied COM
binations which affect international
trade between Europe and the United
states
1t has full powers which will guide
Congress in the scientific treatment
Of questions Of international trade.
Being by profession a schoolmas
ter, I am glad to point that out to
"A class of uninstructed Republicans
though have not always taught in
the primary grades.
The sun., 1916-01-27

Just been published, shows that New
Workers, in spite OF last years dis
turbed industrial conditions and the
extensive aid given to the war SUI
ferers. have not neglected the poor
and unfortunates Of their own city.
The Association for Improving the
Condition of the Poor Is doing excel
lent work with its dozen or more
bureaus and commissions and its
Workshops. lodges. hospitals. summer
camps and clinics. During the past
year it assisted 1900 poor families;
gave 1890 convalescent persons 33,17O
days of country care; gave $40 per-
sons, of whom 240 we're tuberculous.
Al, 1852 days of care and treatment (:
enabled 1926 widows to care for their
1853 children and materially helped
439 deserted wives, with their 1,i.i
children. Positions were found for
] .96S men and women. 16,016 bundles
Of clothes were washed at cost, ll6.734
portions of hot food were sold at very
low prices, 1,4ss,527 penny portions Of
hot lunches were sold to school chill
dren. and 42.22s days at the beach were
given to 1850 mothers and children.
The well deserved success of this
organization Is shown in its growth
during the past twenty-five years. In
1890 the gross expenditures amounted
to s3O.21S. while the gross expcndi-
lures for 1915 amounted 10 s1s?.s3o.
The sun., 1916-01-27
RIVER COMMERCE.
How the Mississippi Valley Cities Are
Improving Their Facilities.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SuS-Sr: Il
may interest you to know that IN" es-
sential factor In the revival ~ com
m.rcal use OF the navigahle waters Of
the Mississippi Valley is the building
II coordinate riv.r-rall terminal faCil!-
ties. which will give the boat The same
terminal economy that the railroad on
Joys. The next factor is the creation
OF boat lines. tho boat unit 81 which
must be economic Both ~ these fac
tors are now FOR the first time IN the
history Of the valley coming into play.
New orleans IL spending many millions
OF dollars IN port development work,
the basic purpose of which * tu get
maximum economy in handling ard
housing commodities received or passed
10 boats, bdrges. ships or railroads.
ST Louis, 81. Paul. Davenport, Kan
sas city, CIncinnati and other .mpOr.
,dnt RIVER cities are doing. pr prcplr-
Ing To do. tn" same th.l-. The Bern
hard s-lf-propelled barge. IN" first one
Of which has just been finished for
river use, is nothing in the world hut
"A scientifically developed freight car
~ ing machine which develops max mum
carr! ing capacity AZ minimum 0t cost;
Capacity for capacity. the cost Of oper-
ating this u-w self.propelled barge Is
less than oue-half. probably only one
fourth, that Of the old style Mississippi.
River steamboat.
The opening of the Panama Canal.
having made the snip haul he,Nc"u the
coasts the cheap haul. has Of course
robbed the valley cities OF their formerly
enjoyed advantage of being part way ON
the coast 10 coast haul with the canal
open ~" valley cities desiring to COM
pete with the cities ON either coast
must reach shirside al the coast before
hey can enjoy the cheap coast TO coast
haul that coast cities enjoy TINS. Of
course, makes II imperative tn't M"
cheaper water haul by way ~ New
orleans Ne developed a. dUIcNy as pos
S.blc. WALTER rAEbrr
General Manager. New Orleans As.oc'a-
ton of Commerce
~ -. - l.
The sun., 1916-01-27
UNITED STATES HALF CENTS.
Interesting Facts Concerning the
First Issued American Coin.

To THE EDITOR or THE SrS--Sir: Mr.
Robert J.. Green may he Interested to
know that the re-, ords Of the Mint show
that upward OF 300. 600 half cents were
issued during the period from 1873 ~
l>j1. half OF them previous to lsln.
This coin has the distinction of being
the first issued bv the United States
Mint and also the first whose denomna-
tion was discontinued They were au-
thor.zed by the act of April =, 1922. and
the weight WAS fixed at 1872 grains The
next year the weight was reduced to ioi
grains and ia 1925 a further reduction
was made to 81 grains. our present
bronze cent, think, weighs IS grains.
There were many different types the
issue ~ 1898 having inscribed on the
edge. Two hundred for dollar" In
1900 the fraction "l-200' appeared on
the base Of the reverse. but was dropped
aftc~ lNh>. In ISIS one variety showed
thirteen stars around the head of Lib
erty and another only twelve stars. No
htf cents were issued in tho Years
1873, 1879. 1901. lsl2 and 1874 inclu-
-iyc. 1877, 1890, 1897 to 1889 inclusive.
In 1881 only proofs were struck, to the
humber Of 2,9u0. and an mcrculated
specimen has brought $50 or more. Only
proofs were struck In 1896 and they
are worth about the same tnclrCulated
specimens Of proofs dated from 1870
20 iNi?. the latter with small figures
30 the date have brought from $50 20
! >l25 The ISSUES from that time To 1857.
'r.ludiug the lSia coin with large date.
command Little premium. the one
dated 1873. which Mr Green owns.
beng worth about 2j cents II in hne
condition
Up 20 l@t> the record price for half
cont was $500, which was paid at the
[ Eide sale for a fue sharp imprc ssion
/ of l'Hh Near'v one million ~ these
/ pieces We're coined IN tnat wear
i. II \FTTLEToN.
NEW MILFORD. conn. January 2s
The sun., 1916-01-27

An undesirable type Of agitator was
rejected when Flight Commander Br.-
LING failed of election to Parliament
in the Mile End district. The cdndi-
date attempted to array class against
class when he charged the Govern
ment with failing to defend the Mile
End poor against Zeppelin raids.
1t was Il contemplate elcct.onec ring
trick, for arIstocrat and commoner
have given their lives as freely in the
war as the poor to whom BilLlNG ap-
pealed. and there are great families
that have impos ershed themselves to
save the nation. Through the medium
Of general sacrifice the poor and the
rich have been drawn together. and
class has understood class rs never
oefore in the history Of England. 1t
is a record that the country may well
he proud Of
The sun., 1916-01-27
Has a, ,ilisation Advanced as RaridI, "A.
Mark Twain Brlieyed'

y" tuE EDITOR or TnE sum II Won
refer - "camden'~ Compliments 20 Wait
Whitman. 1850, you NJ hGl an enter
tHIuing letter from Samue, |. clemens
commencing As follows: You have lived
Just the seventy years which are greatest
IN tho worlds history and richest In honc-
Mt and advancement Ia its peoples These
seventy wears have done much more 20
widen the interval between man and the
other animals than was accomplished hy
any Ave centuries which preceded them"
Would Mark Twain have said this II
he Wcr. alive today
THOMAS JEwrrr H,iiowEIl
kAHNImN. |. l. IhnnhrN M
The sun., 1916-01-27

who feel grateful, and to whom the
people Of these United States &C.
knowledge a debt, this country offers
its citizenship. IA share In It's govern
ment and its protection.
The little evil is endured for the
greater good. Can the faithless few
betray the faithful many?
The sun., 1916-01-27

TU Tuv EDITOR oF TUE SUN.>p Nn.
published last week the report of he Rev
II NJ, ONell's dcnunciatlon ~ the bach
e,or in n sermon at EIcnsburg Pa
Edenshurg IL certainly an appropriate
setting In "hirh TO riorify the compan,
ionship Of woman, even though ncgativcl,
through the deuuncia,ion Of those mem,
hers of society who do not fee. called
upon to take t. themselves Wife
tN1unllC B,yuEfnR
Nrw NurN, January -
song ~ Prosperity.
rs hack again
Th,t div hidoui,
And folks have got
A lividend,
The sun., 1916-01-27

Queen ALEXANDRA of England. after
witnessing performance. ordered that
IL he repeated Surely as sensitive. not
to say prudish "A woman as ALENANpRA
would not have ordered a performance
second time n she had found II re-
pulsivc and lssciyious the first time --
SERGE pE DiAGHILEfr.
II ALEXANDRA allowed GEORGE To- see
the Russian ballet q, was proper
enough for anybody with norma.
mind.
The sun., 1916-01-27

whats in n name" asks the poe,
Nothing, mas he answered for ROBERT
DRoNE OF Newcastle, England. whose
tally for rescuinG persons from drown.
ing reached 1903 the other day.
The sun., 1916-01-27

wildcat ventures in United States
Headline in the Oh Guy Derrick.
And just when the Great Hunter is
about TO leave for the West Indies.
The sun., 1916-01-27

Tho 1913 Year Book. heinE the
seventy-second annual report of the
New York Association for Improving
the Condition OF the Poor, which has
The sun., 1916-01-27

There can he no peaC" except an +,
basis of law and justice. or a. bong "a
Germany goes on fighting for th. tN +.
which she started the righ' 'n :
through Belgium-or a. long q. sl" go~.
on fighting for the right TO an, ,.
Lustauia.
IF the snews Of British arms -.
cut. what other arm Is guiu- 90 'aa- 70
the sword for freedom Il Will =. .
to the United States then.
Il would like To see the Uu'',i - '....
preserve lis own standing. w "...'
stand together for the same iEat.
cannot do business with nltr W.
does not do business sQuarelN, a'i f..
uons cannot do business with D.. t..
other unless each acts SJutIc'y
pr Macdonald said that th,r" w..
no need ~ CONSUMPTION 900 Iduada.
added that British Labor leaders trr ..
parentlY coming ia understand 1ur.
war * the workIugmdn war a. R,.'
the war of any other class.
Speaking of the pardau"ilre otnr.
he said that all demoCrdoJ"s hlpI,r
war.
The sun., 1916-01-27

In "A letter to Secretary LA>E MIR
WiLsoN enumoratcs and describes seN-
eral kinds ~ heroes saying that they
will he hest regarded IN the near fu-
ture" why does he omit any mention
of the man who distinguishes himself
in the Imminent. deadly breach. 10
lighting FOR his country
The sun., 1916-01-27

Tie publication in the Eugash
newspapers of the anidaVIts ~ the
Slcosian's American mulot-crs aCCus-
ing Captain MCBRrpE Of the patrol boat
Earalong OF shooting the officers and
men of a German submarine as they
swan about N the water after the
submarine was sunk 10y gunfire = un-
accompanied hy any avcrmcnts Of tact
Toward GREY in his not" Ia Nmhas-
sddoT t'AiE does speak oi the hH"Ga-
lions upon %h!,h the German Gov
ernn"ut rely and h" does say mat
his Majcsty's Government "dp not ac-
c"pt them ~ truc,' but tins = th'
meresi quIbhllng. whether the Adj
mitdltN ~ prepared To dISproN' the
mulet"crs a''r Sit'on or not.
II SIR In" Wn GHnY - IN - position
To show that the round rohlh am
h"' p'"u"'" 'ht '''''S" '"S'' M
Germans are h"' Eo,h- i" w. wa" I"
"''" ."'""' Wv '''' Wv
SIhh'hS :" '"' Nl""' Wv 80
VI 'i'e '''" ~ -" "'''" '' NJ"
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NEE '"hN "'''''n
"' SUE WIZ" '"' ''''''N "'"' 10 ''''-
'"f'"'
II IS lihp"SSlh'' hol va u"t" upon lN"
persona p".'t!'"' platform {" IT
fNA fi'kplNd' no" oaihpalShiht Tor
tle'tl"h 10 congress III the I"p'ha
distr'ct OF Kansas W" pass ny win