davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Grand Forks daily herald., 1916-02-01
SUPPLYING COAL
GREAT PROBLEM
In Rome American Coal is
Selling From $25 to $40
Per Ton.

Rome, Feb. 1.-(Correspondenc of
The Associated Press)-With Ameri-
can coal scarce because of the ship
shortage and selling here from $25 to
$40 a ton, according to quality, the
solution OF the problem of securing
coal in quantity and at reasonable
prices has become one of the most
pressing public and domestic questions
in Italy.
While the situation will finally re-
suit in governmental measures for
wider use Of water power, popularity
known as white COAL" to secure heat,
light and motor power, pending such
action various Temporary measures
are either being urged or adopted. In
a current issue Of the organ Of the
minister OF public works, italian cities
are urged to save coal by burning few
er street lights at night. following the
example Of London. Paris and Venice.
and force their citizens to go to bed
early.
There is no doubt that the two gas
companies Of Rome would approve
such a war measure. One of the
curious results of high coal prices is
that in Rome the losers are the gas
companies, not the consumers.
1t is estimated that the gas COM
panies have already lost 100000
lirea, as a. result Of their contracts
with the city, made in peace times to
furnish gas at 16 centimes the metric
cube. whereas it is costing them 80
centimes to furnish 1t.
From the point Of view Of the poor
people, Rome is thus the most fortu-
nate of European capitals London.
Paris, Venice may turn off their lights
as a precaution against areoplane at
tack. but In Rome. where no such fear
Is entertained by the military authori-
ties, the streets are as brilliantly
lighted as ever they were at the height
of the tourist season and the Romans
continue to find happiness and
warmth in late street promenades and
coffee drinking on the sidewalk cafes.
While coal may soar to famine
prices, the cost OF gas, which Is made
OF coal, cannot increase, under the city
contract, SO the people, rich and poor
alike. are installing gas heaters as
fast as possible.
Grand Forks daily herald., 1916-02-01
BY GEORGE WHITE,
Oil Producer and Former Member of
Congress from Ohio.

What makes the price of gasoline
so high? | suppose I have been asked
that. question a score of times We
producers do not know positively. We
are not in the retail selling end OF the
business. But we do know of a num-
Der of causes operating together to
cause high gasoline prices. Probably
few of these causes are known or un-
derstood by the general public.
Let me say at the outset that in
creased profits to the refiner. in my
opinion, have something to do with
present gasoline prices. though prob
ably less than the consuming public
generally supposes. The small, inde-
pendent refiners. the men who have
had a struggle in less prosperous days.
are showing the evidences OF prosper
ity. They are increasing the size and
| efficiency of their refining plants. If
| the little fellows are making money
it is reasonable to suppose that the big
ger concerns are making more money.
Out of this condition there is likely to
come great good both to the consum-
mers of refinery products and to the
producers OF crude petroleum. do not
charge that the Standard Oil Co. is
maintaining a fictitiously high price
for gasoline, but if it were doing so
it would be conducting a short-sighted
putty. L ue pTeSeIl nigh prices are
building up the little independent re-
fincrs into strong competitors. If the
high prices last long enough the
Standard Oil Co. will have more COM
petition than at any time since its for
nation. That will mean keener COM
petition among the refiners of their
| crude oil, which will bring higher
prices to the crude oil producers, and
keener competition in the retail mar
kets, which will bring lower retail
prices to the consumer.
Crude Oil Reaches High Level.
This competition is now being evil
denced in the oil fields Crude oil in
the Appalachian range is now quoted
at about $3.50 a barrel. Competition
| among the refiners has developed to
such an extent that premiums above
the quoted price are being offered for
| Oil. In Ohio and West Virginia these
premiums are about 10 cents barrel,
although occasionally as high as 25
cents barrel has been paid as a
Grand Forks daily herald., 1916-02-01
AND BArrLEsHrPs.

Some military or naval man recent
ly said that it was as idle to specu-
late on the comparative value of var
ious branches of military or naval SER
vice as it would be to place the COM
parative value to the human being of
his various organs, heart, stomach,
lungs, and so forth. Each has its su-
preme value in it's own place. Each.
in it's place, is vital.
Ihe famous German naval expert,
Captain Persius, has recently publish
ed an article in which he endeavors to
show the superiority of the submarine
over the battleship, in the light of the
events of this war. He refers to the
we'll known fact that the great Brit
ish fleet has not been able to DESTROY
the German fleet, despite the superior
ity of the former in battleships, and
ne undertakes to make the point that
the German submarine has neutral
lied the British dreadnaught.
Inasmuch as the Germans have cho-
sen to keep their fleet at home, it is
not strange that the British fleet has
not been called into action against it.
The critics article reads as it were to
be expected that the British fleet
would sail into German harbors, de-
flying mines and submarines, and
there, under fire from the shore bat
teries, or in the narrow waters of the
kiel canal, give battle to the enemy.
OF course this is nonsense.
The object Of the British fleet was
to destroy German ocean commerce,
and to protect that of Great Britain.
The object Of the German fleet was to
destroy British commerce and protect
its own. The British fleet has been
absolutely successful in its first dur.
pose. 1t has either captured, sunk or
driven into hiding every German ship.
1t has closed every German port
against all kinds Of commerce. In its
second objective it has been so sue
cessful that every British port has
been kept open at all times, and the
number Of ships sunk by German SUBJ
marines, while large in the aggregate,
is but an insignificant percentage of
the shipping of Great Britain. This
has been done in spite of the German
submarines.
The British fleet has been able to
accomplish this because it was the
stronger in battleships. That reason
has kept the German fleet safely hid
away as securely as II It were on land.
Germany has not dared to attempt to
Grand Forks daily herald., 1916-02-01
land has, in the past. produced a
greater percentage Of famous persons

land has in the past, produced a
greater percentage Of famous persons
than any other section Of the country,
a conclusion which is not surprising,
and which few will question. On
making a further inspection he finds
that the process is still being contin-
ued and that in proportion to popu-
lation, New England is the home of
more persons Of note than any other
section Of our country.
DR.. Nearing has used as the basis of
his comparison a standard dictionary
of contemporary biography, and it is
probable that the list which he uses is
as nearly accurate as any. But. in
the very nature of things. no such list
can be more than approximately ac-
curate. One may take any publication
devoted to the biographies of distin-
gushed persons and find that it con-
tains the names of many whose title
seems to rest on no sound basis, and
that it does not contain other names
which most people would have placed
there.
There is the further fact that in
New England, closely associated as
that section was with the early his
tory of the nation, and relatively
stable as its population has been,
more attention has been paid to
genealogical matters than in any 9TH
er part of the country. This would
tend toward the inclusion of an un-
usual proportion of New England
names in any general biographical
compilation. 1t may be quite true
that New England Is still producing
more great men than any other quar-
ter of the country. but the fact can
scarcely be demonstrated to cer-
tainty.
Grand Forks daily herald., 1916-02-01
PRIMARY 1NcIDENTALs.

More than half Of the delegates to
the two great national conventions
will be elected at primary elections.
The others will be chosen by conven-
tions. In several of the states which
have primaries opportunity will be
given to voters to express their pref
erence among the candidates for
president. 1t is interesting to note,
from time to time, how these things
work out.
North Dakota will be represented
in each of the conventions by ten
delegates. Several persons have al
ready been endorsed or recommend
ed for these positions. Let the voter
look over the lists when they are
available. and note how many of the
persons presented for his judgment
in this manner are familiar to him.
Out Of the entire list the average vot-
er may be personally acquainted with
perhaps one Of the candidates, though
it is more likely he will not know any
of them personally. OF the others he
may have heard Of one or two, and be
able to form an idea as to their fit
ness and general desirability. AS to
the rest he will be voting in the dark,
so far as his personal knowledge Is
concerned. If he wants information
he must depend upon some one else
for it. There will necessarily be great
confusion where there are several can
didates. and much Of the voting will
be done by guess.
The trouble with the plan Is that it
requires voters to act directly In the
selection of candidates for places
which are not usually regarded as of
sufficient importance to command the
services Of men of statewide reputa-
ton. Hence most Of the candidates
are likely to be strangers. both per-
sonally and by name and reputation
to most of the voters. condition
which does not make for Intelligent
action. If the state could be districted
in such q manner that the people of
q district would elect not more than
one or two delegates, more intelligent
action would be possible, for then
each voter would be dealing only with
persons resident in his own section of
the state, and he might know some
thing about them.
Al to the expression of preference
for presidential candidates. which has
been widely heralded AZ the thing that
was to take the place OF the national
convention, experience demonstrated
more and more its uselessness and
Grand Forks daily herald., 1916-02-01
Letters From
Herald Family
To the Editor:

To the Editor:
In your paper of the 26th appears
as caption over a London article, bear
ing on the extension of the English
blockade, the following: British may
Blockade the Baltic Coast" Permit
me to ask if this paper is ignorant of
the fact that Britain proposes no such
blockade, a blockade which would be
legitimate and should meet no criti-
cism from neutral countries. Britain
does not propose to blockade the Bal
tic coast of Germany. but she propos-
es to tighten the blockade on neutral
countries, including Holland. Dem
mark, the Scandinavian countries and
the United States; that is, to check
commerce between this country and
the neutral countries Of Europe go
without their usual import, though
they may starve. 1t is against this
on high seas with legitimate business
between neutrals that the neutral
governments of Europe and our own
government protest. The talk Of
blockading the German Baltic coast
is mere subterfuge.
Britain is unable to blockade the
Baltic coast Of Germany because Of
the strategic position held by the Ger
man fleet by reason of the Kiel cam
al. Should the British fleet appear in
the Baltic it would present an oppor-
tunity for the German fleet to slip ov-
er to the English coast and infiict
enormous damage before it would be
possible for the English fleet to make
the long cruise through the Strait of
kattegat and Skagerak. north of the
horn of Denmark into the North sea,
and reach the English coast. Again
should the English divide their fleet
and place one-half,, or part of it, in
the Baltic sea and keep one-half, or
part Of it. in readiness on the English
coast, to meet possible attack by the
German feet, the English fighting
force would be so divided that the
German fleet would be equal, or su-
perior in strength, an opportunity
which the Germans likely would not
miss taking advantage of. 1t is be-
cause of this strategic waterway in
the hands Of the Germans that Bril-
tain. in spite OF her preponderance in
great warships, are powerless in the
Baltic sea. a fact which many. not
familiar with circumstances, wonder
at. Respectfully Yours.
Israel Sjoberg.
Roseau, Mimi, Jan. 90.
Grand Forks daily herald., 1916-02-01
AMENDMENT TO
BILL DEFEATED

Washington. Feb. 1.-The Nc
Cumber amendment to the Philippine
bill. which would withhold independ-
ence from the Philippines unless the
powers agreed to respect their SOW
ereignty was defeated in the senate
yesterday without a roll CALL
The senate agreed to hurry the
bill to a vote by extending daily ses-
adjourning. 80 all other business
would be shut out until 1t is disposed
OF. An amendment by Senator Hitch-
cock to limit all speeches to ten min
utes was blocked by an objection
from Senator Cummins.
Senator Clapp OF Minnesota de-
clared that during the debate that he
believed the Philippines were ready
Tor their Independence at once.
There 10 a menace in holding the
ISLANDS. isiands,' ne continued; but It is a
selves" 4asNsI
Grand Forks daily herald., 1916-02-01
Why Is Gasoline So High? Largely Due to the War,
Explains Producer; Prosperity Mentioned as a Cause

fore the Galician drive. Her scientists
had tried to develop substitute for
gasoline. but we have no reason to be-
lieve that they were successful. The
inventors of other countries have new
err been able to discover such a substi-
tute.
In spite of the increased demands
from Europe. the American demand
The prosperity of the past year has
largely increased the use Of automo-
biles, and every automobile must be
fed with gasoline
1t Is possible that there has been a
Drcmcditated effort of the large re-
finers to increase oil prospecting and
drilling by artificially increasing the
price paid by them for crude oil. Oil
production is hazardous business. A
producer may sink his entire capital
and get nothing but dry holes in the
ground. The big refiners are not in the
drilling business to any extent. They
buy the oil when it pours from the
ground. Last year, when the price was
down, there was little wild-catting, or
prospecting for oil. Now that the price
for crude has doubled there is great
activity among the wild-catters.
In this connection there is the pos
sumers. When SO much wild-catting
Is going on, some driller is always
likely to drop hole into some great
pool of oil never before discovered.
Any great oil discovery at this time
would probably make lower prices.
The refiners sell only the by-pro-
ducts Of petroleum. The chief by-pro-
+ ducts are ordinary coal oil, or kero-
sene, and gasoline. When the price of
one of these by-products is depressed
1t stands to reason that the other
must go UP If the refiner is to come
out even. That is just the case today.
I understand the price of kerosene is
relatively low.
This depression is largely due to the
war Since the discovery of electric
lighting the American demand for
kerosene has been dropping off. The
ref1ners have developed new kerosene
markets in Asia, Africa and i'm Russia.
Ocean freight rates have risen now
to such an extent that it is no longer
profitable for vessels to carry kero-
sene, and for lack of shipping accom-
modations this by-product is becoming
a drug in the oil market. The price
Of gasoline has had to take care of
this loss.
Grand Forks daily herald., 1916-02-01

premium in West Virginia In Okla
homa the premium is averaging about
80 cents a barrel
Broadly speaking, it is the war
which is causing the high gasoline
price. There is certainly an abnormal
demand for the by-products of petro-
leum, and this demand is principally
from Europe. The Galician oil fields
have been closed to the allies by the
German armies. The several operations
in Europe where oil is produced have
been interrupted by the war. For the
first time in history England and
France are entirely dependent upon
the petroleum supplies of the United
States. and their demand, due to the
necessities of war, is much greater
than normal.
Germany, although she had stored
great quantities of American oil be-
fore the outbreak of the war, was
threatened with a gasoline famine be-
Grand Forks daily herald., 1916-02-01
YOU CAN DARKEN GRAY
HAIR EASILY AND QUICKLY

You can easily change your gray
faded hair to its original beautiful dark
shade BY treating 1T a few times With
sulpho-sage Hair Color Restorer, a
DAINTY preparation that is not sticky and
is not dye. >~
sulpho-sage is an old fashioned
ready-to.use sulphur and sage prepa-
ration. harmless to the most delicate
healthy. 20 all your gray hairs ns3ur.
ally change to beautiful dark, fascin,
@ ating shade, 80 evenly that no one can
treatment also stops itchin9 1calp md
dandruf. -, - ~ h -''t - I
eulpho-sase 10 guaranteed TO turn all
your tray hair dark or money back.
gho-sage at Trepanisrss Drug store,
.Cut-of-toR5n folks supplied by mail. =.
Adv. ~. - .ll.s
Grand Forks daily herald., 1916-02-01

pears to be no way in which It can be
made much more effective than it is.
Most of the persons who are regarded
as Republican presidential possibili-
ties will not come before the people
for endorsement at all. Those who do
receive endorsements will, in most
cases, be merely local favorites who
are given complimentary vote by
their people, and whose names will
serve to hold the delegation together
until the real candidate shows up.
Grand Forks daily herald., 1916-02-01
use 1t on the open sea because 1t was
overmatched.

use 1t on the open sea because It was
overmatched.
No person who is at all familiar
with the subject questions the value
of the submarine. At the beginning of
the war some Of our people thought
that tho day Of the big battleship was
over. and that it's place would be ta-
ken by the submarine. The events Of
the war have proven that the nation
which has plenty of big ships cannot
be driven from the sea by the subma-
rine. In our own case, submarines
are needed for the defense Of our
coasts and larger submarines for-svork
with the main fleet. But unless we
have proper outfit of larger craft
We would find ourselves in case of war
as helpless as Germany has been.
Grand Forks daily herald., 1916-02-01

Lemon Washing Powder Co., Devils
Lake.
Leeds Pressed Stone and Brick Co.,
Leeds.
Manfred. Farmers Elevator Co.. Man.
Mutual Telephone Co, Noonan.
Mandan Meat and Stock Co.. Mandan.
Merchants Credit Co, Fargo.
Mutual Realty Co., Devils Lake.
Mitby and Co., Minot.
Maxbass Farmers Telephone Co., Max
=. Manning Cooperative Creamery Co..
Manning.
Model Meat Market, williston.
McHenry MMcHHenry Hardware g.. Mcaenry.
McGresory Realty Co.. McGresor
Northwestern Realty Co., Grafton.
North Dakota Land and Loan Co.,
North Dakota Improvement Co.. Fargo.
Neche Creamery Co.. Tho, Neche.
, Northern Telephone Corporation. Bes-
Northwood Mrll and Light Co.. North
wood. T.
New Rockford Potato Co., New Rock.
New Rockford Grocery Co., New Rock
Newton Hotel Co., wi,liston.
Usage Farmers Elevator Co., Pekin
Optimist Publishing CO., The. Rugby.
Pisek Implement Co. Pisek
Peoples PssI1sa. supply Suppl! !., Co., ,Hankinson.
Pioneer Candy Co., Fargo.
Progressive Farming Co, York.
Purdon. James g Co, Wahpeton.
Paplson, PaSl;s IA. a: 2; e. q Company. Kenmare.
Peterson Machine Company, Under.
Peoples supply Co. Grand Forks.
Henville County Investment Co., Mo-
Renyille Abstract & Title Co., Mohall.
RoshoIt Hardware Co. Edmore.
"s'f Ru srotssls assphsns sns Co., coRsss Rasse .ek
Robertson Land Co., Fairdale.
Riverside Cattle Co. winston.
IT. Red River Automobile supply Co.,
Scotland & Co.. Theo. p. Rugby.
Spaulding Co., The M. J. Sherwood.
souris Sou M Farmers Elevator Co. souris.
ssSass sas neaa Co. &c. rss. hsssNK Nnot
Schmidt Drug and Mercantile Co.,
s+s STANLEY sl Implement & Lumber Co..
ST. John Creamery Co.. St. John.
Smith Trading Co.. D. c.. Devils Lake.
stebbin. kesrin;dins 4i; %a10si Check v.,v. Co.,
| Fairmount W.
sps.,sE. ssps,1E dste T. Hing. Co.. Darcy.
syieston Johnson Teiephon. Co..
g.3sISsIl! gtSsIEs,l c., Geo: e. n. Beach:
|
Supply Co., Bottineau.
Trail County Agricultural Association,
City. w. valley
Tssn;.n To,;a;ln %!s.;.. = Kr:s: + 1nceEp;, Fargo.
| valley City Chautauqua Auditorium
| Malcott Creamery Co, walcott.
| Western Grain Co., Bowman.
Wilson and Co., M. E., Fessenden.
| Wyman Farm Land and Loan Co..
John. Fargo. w.
| Weaver Farmers Elevator Co.. WAIVER
Wyndmere Auto and Machine Co.
Wyndmere. ~
Williston Alfalfa Land Co.. wi,u.+or
tWestby. e"' w.
Woodman Hall Association. Hone
Wildrose. wv
Williston Creamery Co., Will;.+on
World Printing Co., The, Devil T,ak.
ton. Williston. N>esocla'
ner. <'''o0'"'ion' "er-
1
Grand Forks daily herald., 1916-02-01
DISTINGUISHING PERSONS

Professor Scott Nearing. who be-
came a distinguished person by the
simple" process Of losing his job. has
been making study of the distribu-
ton of celebreties in the United States
by sections. He finds that New Eng
Grand Forks daily herald., 1916-02-01
(Feb. 1-S-15.)
WE'LL OFF.

The Slum Worker-You look Ike a
very worthy person. 'A' .
The Flattered One-oh, I'm al,
right. ma'am, I manage to get along
n nrss raIe. l amt got nobody to sup
Plain Dealer. Se'aho
Grand Forks daily herald., 1916-02-01
Time to Move Away.

Tive years ago land out our way
vas being sold for four dollars an
acre. -.
What's 1t being sold for now?..
Taxes. B oston Evening Tran
script. -ss@
Grand Forks daily herald., 1916-02-01

Roseau, Mimi. Jan. 20.
Evening journal., 1916-07-29
MISS WERNER WILL SING
SOLOS At FIRST CHURCH

The summer schedule Of services
will be in force at the First Presby-
terian Church. the Rev. J. Ross
Stonesifer, minister tomorrow.
Public worship at IL o'clock will
be conducted by the pastor. who will
take for his theme. The Imperative
of Resolve" Miss Mabel Werner will
sing a soprano solo. This church is
one of those cooperating in the court
house lawn services and the congre-
CATION will worship there at GIG
o'clock when the Rev. C. L. Candee
minister Of the Westminster Church
will preach.
The mid-week service, Wednesday
at s o'clock will be conducted by the
Missionary committee Of the Christian
Endeavor Society. Topic, How Mis-
siuns are Blessing the Nation"
Evening journal., 1916-07-29
WHY THOMAS Was absent
WHEN JESUS Came"

why Was Thomas Absent When
Jesus Gamer" will be discussed in the
morning sermon at Epworth Metho-
dist Episcopal Church tomorrow
morning, by the Rev. ]. Howard Gray.
The music at this service will be in
charge of Charles E. Donovan and his
Junior choir. while Miss Edith Cald-
well will preside at the organ
At this service the pastor will
preach q five-minute sermon to the
children on the subject: Safe in the
Arms Of Jesus" The pastor extends
an invitation to the parents of the
congregation to bring their children
10 this service.
The morning class meeting. in
charge Of George w. Booker. will
meet at $50 o'clock in the auditorium.
The Sabbath school will meet at 10
O'Clock in charge of Miss Elizabeth
Moore. For several weeks the super
intendent. Willis L. Overdeer, has
been asking some of the teachers to
look after the school and the innova-
ton has taken well.
The "sixty minutes OF sunshine
service, beginning at $50 o'clock is
becoming more popular all the while.
The music is IN charge Of Mr.. and
Mrs. Arthur Wilson and Is effectively
rendered, while the pastor throws his
whole soul into the preaching. Breezy
singing and pungent preaching is the
aim in this sunshine service. To
morrow evening the pastor will
preach the third in the seaside Sun
day evening trips from the subject;
"Shipwrecked"