davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-09

phase of the lessons Of this war may
bc considered rather sweeping. because
during the last twelve years ] have de-
voted myself almost exclusively to the
study of this phase OF the problem,
but as exactly this is what I have
prophesied during every one Of those
twelve. from the frs: to the last. I
think | am entitled now to speak with
~positiveness.
Therefore | do not hesitate to pro-
claim my absolute certainty that this
war already has proved that methods
VI naval gunnery will need to be revo-
lutionized IL the full value Of a battle
ships armament Is to he obtained in
action. The same thing is still truer
uf the gunnery OF fast cruisers.
Let me illustrates: The Arethusa at
Helgoland. where the range never en-
ceeded 5000 yards. fought five sepa-
rate actions between I in the morning
and midday. damaged all her oppo-
len badly and herself was damaged.
but no single one of these actions was
decisive. although she certainly was
sighting for an average Of thirty min
utes with each opponent.
Her guns were powerful enough to
have disabled each opponent alto
gether in five minutes. Her gunnery
was excellent. But the method was
wrong.
In thi, war both sides apparently
have used about the same gunnery
methods. and but for the fact that
the British navy had the advantage
in "alihro the gunnery Of the two sides
should have been about equally effec-
tive.
ut should be said that the British
navy. in addition to being armed with
bigger guns, had another asset Of in
~calCulablc value. II mad vastly more
experience than the Germans in ac-
tual practice with full charges at the
longest range
"The Germans. ! believe. only took
~ long range target practice two or
three years before the war began,
whereas our men have been firing an
average ~ nearly thirty rounds per
annum per gun fer nearly ton years
at the longest possible ranges"
"You believe that in these facts lies
an Obvious lesson for America? |
asked.
Indeed II does. I believe absolutely
the American contention that it's navy
is designed far more for the purpose
OF enforcing peace than for the pur-
pose of making war. but for the one
efficiency which will he recognized
, abroad Is as essential as it is for the
!, other.
Unless you can make your battle
practice realistic than il has
been. by introducing some difficulties
akin. and closely akin, TO those which
are certain to occur in real fighting
and unless YOU can provide yourselves
with some mean of neutralizing these
difficulties and unless, after you have
done these things. YOU give your Off
GERS and men the necessary expert
ence e make them efficient by provid'
ing them lavishly with ammunition
tor practice firing. you cannot pos
s.bly he equal to the task which is GER
tain to confront you in the Circum'
stances of actual warfare
What suggestions have you u
make concerning general command
the control of the navy?" | inquired
I'm some respects that is h mos
important of all questions.
Until about forty years the
British navy was administered by
| board consisting of four naval officers
stituted the authority which dis
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-09

tors. like her manufacturers ana bust
ness men, to whom nevertheless ~"
gives every day n higher place IN her
esteem.
If one would Judge a nation opui-
tuhly in order to see whether She is
fallen into decadencc n must dis
cover whether she Is less vigorous and
less fortunate than in the past Win
respect To the realization of her own
ideal. 1t would he unjust To judge her
Ivy her relative realization of the ideal
of another nation, and above all OF an
inferior ideal. such AS the increase
oi material well being. Now can one
say that France TODAY realizes TO Il
less degree than IN the past the SUI
perior ideal TO which she has dcvo."d
herself? No. certainly not.
Her democratic effort is more viCor-
o,ls and more fortunate than y. he
fore. Notably the republic has sue
ccssfully carried through the extremely
iifiicuit task of popular education. The
French %peasantry has com ont of the
condition of ignorance in which the
monarchical and imperial regimes had
left II.
In the held OF SCionC" n AN scarce
IS say that the country OF pasteur and
Berthclot has degcncrated 10 take
living men, n thinker like BerEson, a
prose writer like Anatolc France, our
musicians, sculptors, painters, show
that French genius is not in IA condi-
ton OF d~ccadencc. These mon and
their works are useful not only to
France, but to the world Can n not
SAY that the least dccadcnl nations arc
,hosc which render the greatest spir-
nations?
If one accepts this basis ! do not see
how one a make 1t out that Germany
II at the same' stage OF progress as
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-09
Copyright International Film Service.

served, namely. that the subjects
chosen for experiment, that 10, tine
objects sought nv experiment, shall
be suggested by the known technical
needs of the nav and shall not be
suggested By brilliant amateurs of
the fertile but uninstructed minds Of
complete outsiders.
"If the American navy is TO ne made
the dog on which distinguished inven-
tors nostrums are TO be tried ! can
not hut he sorry for the navy, but
If the American avy through this
board, II really given null advantage OF
the resources OF Americas unrivaiied
technicians, then there II no reason
why there should exist any need Of
that navy which cannot he solved al
most A. soon a. it Is discovered and
stated
">rc Won willing to oApres m
opinion - regards tho tltur. of avia-
ton IN connection With naval opera
ions" | inquired.
Undoubtedly aviation VIII be OF IN.
morse value To- naval operations in
tho future" NJ Pollen answered.
During TIL, war the only matters in
which aircraft have combined with
surface ship operators mp to the pres
ent moment, have been. first, the
search for submarines which after
ward have been pursued by surface
craft. and. second. 'spotting' the fall Of
shot where ships have been bonn
harding the shore under conditions
making it impossible for them to OBJ
serve the results of their own lire.
one supposes that they must have
been used, upon OCCASION, III scouting
for the fleets, hut If this Is the case IL
has not been announced and, so far
Is ] have been able to ascertain, the
general belief o. naval men liz that
the aerop!anc is 'e>s efficient than the
dlrshIp as a scout
tt scout efficiently, whether In the
air or on the sea, the unit employed
must be able to maintain itself for
considerable periods.
If an aeroplane can work efficiently
"nIN by dIy.!Ght, II II can remain in
tn air i"r q short time only, say
i've. s!N ur even seven hours, then
Ill value for scouting purposes is in
oa!culably inferior {" rha, even Of
fast water surface cruisers, which can
spend >iX OF seven days at sea. In
sni,o ~ fla, r,,,h
vision 80 ia, a,.or. -"
,l.,a N wv
.y.
I n .ur ,''l''n'", ! leaVe
r'u - '''t e'.ic'iy
-, u y, ~"''fta"eS
'PI."-' '>,' 'loush 'hoso
~ o'Ifa co ''o
ran,h tn,S e''''' 'housn
anI Tf,"., .n'o"sIs a "rsu
,,o,c, o,n ",,''t,' o"
or,noros i,. 49, ,,o, NV 10y
eor, "a ,;",,io ,n,., '7".n
,bo ,i,,n -, 49,, r,t4
In o..a,,a ,h.. ',um 49,
nuor,,ian. rn, ,.uu,, asaas
,r,n, ,,n., 49, ,o - .u '.s
h.,.o ,s,4 ,..,,
,m.n, ~, d.,',, h'L,I "a rnNa
olt orl"'' 'H.S war oegah e'ery
one nopen anu '.noS' every ono ne
m"'P' va, w." ""''"na" mou,u DO OF
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-09

This 10 the episode of ihi- var
Americas most carefully should
study. II 'ho United states wishes %
- navy efficiently pIotn'ri AVID
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-09

r r one wishes to make conjectures
in regard to the result OF the
present war II is natural that
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-04-09
Bv EDWARD r

I y the interview. printed in THE
SuN last Sunday A. IA. Pollen.
the greatest naval authority
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1916-09-29
No New Language Without Established
Literature Can Be Adopted by World
By A. Y. SMITH

There several which have
language that people will Also why no COM
language for writing by different tongues can be
made successful.
The only language that dace the others and become
ve must be language spoken and with
1t has
literature No language be kept pure
Besides something people will have They will dispense
with it, The literature of language
another and have fact literature at all
Put into another it. literature
becomes dull and unineresng The
Different languages have different poetry
nearly always lost by translation Rarely poem language
paraphraed another and be anything like the original
People must have deep and impressive literature
Tor no other reason than keep the language They will
any language that has because they take
with them Any brogue ngo" formed by different
the English formed about
would only be vulgar and would be
ture could be brought and people would develop
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1916-09-29
Direct Primaries and the Short Ballot,
Unlike in Principle, Can Not Be Joined
By c. r. LANE

The old convention abolished because
thought they had been unfairly defeated
the people had had chance vote for Them In other
yenton corrupt and failed to record the peoples remedy
for such wrongso the evils of
referring nominations to the entire party membership
Now that the primary has developed evils and
of the candidates still continue lose conclude
that the evils be cured by less democracy They
the number of offices be filled by
OF the offices to be filled by appointment of the chief executive
president The theory people
be expected to know the they
therefore the lesser offices should be filed by appointment elected
who will be held responsible for the character and efficiency of
appointees
Gould there be better machine politics than
confer by of the short ballot the combined and prestige Of
many offices the appointing power? viii not the
rather delegate his political a convention composed hundreds
OF taxpayers rather than to office?
In event. let think clearly and be reasonable
nize the absurdy of shouting t the people rule by direct primaries
breath and "short ballot in the They
directions.
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1916-09-29
Air Fighters Stay Far Apart
Stanislau

As everyone probably knows, the
principle of suction accounts for
great many marine disasters. Two
ships run close to each other and sue
ton brings them together. 1t Is the
same with aeroplanes, only that in
the nature of things the suction is a
hundred times more powerful. When
l hear those stories about aeroplanes
attacking each other within 40 yards,
l always cross my fingers. Two
machines approaching each other
at that distance would come together
and smash. The men who run the
apparehs de chasse understand that
better than | do. In maneuvering to
attack they try never to approach
nearer than II hundred yards.-Satue
day Evening Past.
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1916-09-29
Welcnme

In little bush league town the BAH
club considers itself lucky If, at the
end OF the season, gate receipts have
been enough to pay expenses and there
Is enough over to buy q round OF ci1
CARS.
During recent game a biplane was
observed lowering low over the park
and the manager was just WONDERING
whether airships were to be added to
house roofs and knotholes as a me-
dunn for beating the gate, when the
machine lurched and dropped rather
heavily into the outfield.
Presently the birdman opened his
eyes to find the manager bending So
licitously over him. That official gave
sigh of relief at the stranger re-
turn to life, and remarked chez ullyy
Feeling all right, now, old -llow1
Then you can just give me your quar-
ter and Wen go on with the camel"
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1916-09-29
Fascination Of Public Life Lies in
Wholesome Opportunities 1t Offers
BY WILLIAM n. TAFT
Former President Of the United States

Would advise a young to seek public office?
That depends upon kind is of mind and
what his taste is My first public office splendid place
rougandtu experience the the
ready for It, taught the necessity of facts and how
them learned training
then received has been Of the highest
Truth that is what the world needs all the time.
Besides feet nearly day. making speeches to the
court and being drilled readiness aness and thoroughness
look back know experience of those days the best
could have had at the time Criminal difficult
enjoyed its practice although did other than prosecute
criminals.
One who has feel the satisfaction achieve
and the pleasure independence himself and his household But
all occupations have their downs The destinations public life
to be found the and the wholesome opportunities it
offers If has fortunate look back things well done
compnsae for the loss many others JOY do things
be useful and helpful
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1916-09-29
Family History.

Why does the ordinary family keen
30 poor record, not of its own doings
they are, for the mos part, dull
enough-but of It's own personalities 1
None of us can see In front of us much
farther than the probable lifetime OF
our own children, and we do not like
to look even so far as that.
Surely 1t would give us sense OF
space If we could see clearly a little
farther behind us.
Moreover. to those who are engaged
in the bringing up of their own chill
dren, history Of the family might fur
nish many hint.
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1916-09-29
New Hiqh-Speed Steel.

For the manufacture of high-spee0
steel new process, in which no tunp-
stem, molybdenum, cobalt or vanadium
Is used, has been introduced in Eng
land. In former processes in the high
pressed tungsten was an indispensable
alloy, its use In normal times running
as high as IA to "a per cent. 1t in
said that the ingredients of the new
steel are freely obtain able wherever
steer Is manufactured. 1t is also said
to be obtainable only for turning PLAN
Ing and slotting tools, all of which can
be made by casting. 1t is not suit.
able for twist drills or milling cutters,
The tools In which it can be used. how.
ever, take up about rs per cent of the
entire consumption of steel for ma
chine tools. Patents In other conn
tries are being applied for, and it In
proposed soon to place the process be-
fore steel-makers In this country.
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1916-09-29
Luxuries When Forced Upon People as
Necessities Of Life Become a Burden
BY REV. CLELAND B. NC AFEE
Professor IN Mccormack theological Seminary

1t problem of life necessary
things loads
with because of them We simplicity
fathers but keep 1t important that should
force these things other people necessities
That the peril of arbitrary social demand No
founded incidental things be worthy The principal
applies religion necessary saving
Of faith These insist There also helpful items which
essential. These upon Others
There also matters of religious practice which
required Other practices helpful should carried
burdens The secret of the joyous Christian life take religion
as burden but an inspiration.
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1916-09-29
War KILLING Off Birda

War has killed thousands of migrat
ing birds, the poisonous gases emit
ted by cannon spreading to great dis.
tances through the air. Crops are
likely TO suffer In the south of Europe
from the lack Of insect destroyers, and
In Great Britain also there is lack OF
usual summer visitors. Zeppelin and
aeroplanes are saN to be mainly re.
sponsibie for the dearth of birds liz
ireland, which Is to be Inquired Int.
by a specisl -oulmisSion.
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1916-09-29
Resourceful Vocabulary.

THE river Parana," declares tho
prospectus of real estate agent in
Parana, Brazil, us the most watery
in the state, one Of the most extended
in the world, 1t is navigable until to
this state for ships of great profound
ness; it is also sufficiently fishful.~
This same cheerful chap 1t is who
further asseverates that the vegeta
BILE reign is excessively represented In
resinous. oily and gummous plants"
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1916-09-29

William Dean Howells, the novelist.
was talking about q poet:
His work is over-refned, over-deli-
cate, over nice" he said.
"In short, his work reminds me Of
the young husband who said to his
bride. at the end of the honeymoon:
Darling, I'll have to leave you ev-
cry morning hereafter to go to BUSH
ness; but, to make the parting less
abrupt, I'll no longer take the rs ex-
press. as / used to do-Tll take the
20 slow accommodation" WASHING
ton Star.
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1916-09-29
What Is Wanted.

Mrs. Flatbush-A rural mail bon
with loose bottom that closes a cir.
cult and rings an electric bell at dis
lance when even a postal card 10
dropped In 1t has been patented by Q
Californian.
Mr.. Flatbush-It won't do. What
the neighbors want Is a phonograph Il.
tachment that will repeat distinctly
what's OIL the postal card.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1916-02-15
FORTUNES OF WAR.

A list of u companies engaged in
this country in the manufacture of
war munitions, the nature Of the ma
terial they supply and the amount of
business they do, has been given pub
licity in New York recently. While
gross orders are placed at S1,40S, 000,-
ZOO, it is pointed out that this amount
possibly falls short of the actual total
by many millions. One company
which reported its orders as SIT, 10000
is said to have received s90,000,000
worth of war business.
That the list is far from complete
can be seen from the fact that the
Remington Arms company and the
Winchester Arms company. each gener-
ally credited with contracts for at least
s100,0O0.O00 gross, are not included.
The United States Steel corporation
indirectly Ia sharing in war business
to an enormous extent, as is indicated
by the statement of earnings. which
shovel more than s51 100000 net for
the three months ended December last.
Record sales of 3hrapnel bars, other
steel and wire make the steel corpo-
ration one Of the leading beneficiaries
Of European orders, but the corporation
is not classed as war company.
Practically all the steel companies
Of the United States are IN the same
situation as the United States Steel
corporation in respect to business or
iginating in the war
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1916-02-15

Becoming a founder Of the navy
league is not the only way in which
Charles NJ. Schwab has demonstrated
the quality of his patriotism" His
devotion to his government is de-
scribed at considerable length in a
certain musty government document
stored away in the archives of con-
gress. 1t is styled Violation OF Armor
Plate Contracts" and is known as
House Of Representatives Report No.
146S, 53rd congress, second session.
The report followed an investigation
in 1894 by the house committee on
naval affairs of charges against the
Carnegie Steel company, then Carnegie,
Phipps & Co. The evidence of fraud
upon the government by the Carnegie
company was large and convincing.
The testimony showed that armor
plates containing "blowholes" were
later used on battleships of the Ameri-
can navy; that these cavities were
secretly plugged and kept conceal
ed" from the government inspectors.
Mr. Schwab, one of the founders of
the navy league, was general superin-
tendent of the Carnegie company when
this fraudulent work was done. When
questioned concerning the plugging of
blowholes, Mr.. Schwab said (p. $40
@ Do you know whether the com
pany did really conceal the fact of
blowholes in the plate?-A. l think
likely that was done
Asked if he gave orders that the
defects in the plates be concealed from
government inspectors, Mr.. Schwab
replied that he did not give orders
that the defects be concealed, but
added
Il certainly gave orders that blow
holes should not reject the plate
Again (p. 649D, Mr.. Schwab testi-
fed:
% Do you know Of any case where
they plugged and filled without the
knowledge of the government inspect
ora. | do not, but | believe it was
done
Another superintendent of the
works. W A Cline. testified that he al
most invariably changed the fgurcs so
that false reports Of the treatment of
plates were Systematically made to the
government inspectors; that he dis
charged some of the workmen because
they told the truth about this fraudu-
lent work
William Z. Corey, now president of
the Midvale Steel & Ordnance Co., and
a director of Colonel Thompson's In
ternational Nickel Co. was shown to
be in charge of the armor plant in
which the frauds were committed He
testified that the tensile strength of
each plate was stretched so as to in
crease its apparent tensile strength
without the knowledge of the inspec.
tors of the government; that he knew
false specimens were substituted for
the plates selected by the government
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1916-02-15

ming. naturally, at the bottom he has
provided that the ladies may extend
the revelation of their person from the
soles Of their shoes all the way up to
four inches from the ground. From
there upward, to within three inches
of the chin, fashion may have its sway,
but a sway directed by law, in which
no diaphanous cloth of gauze may play
its part of revealing while pretending
to conceal. No, nor even Translucent
cies. but only opaque and continuous
cloth.
Having forever forbidden seductive
ness within Nirginia's realms by his
law Captain Meyer has made himself
directly eligible to the post left vacant
by the death of Anthony Comstock. He
will shortly emerge upon a campaign
to compel all baldheaded men to wear
wigs in order that they may not indie
Gently expose themselves in public.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1916-02-15
ARMOR PLATES DEFIANCE

Our armOr plate makers are the chic,
beneficiaries OF the traffic in NUM-
items of war. At the expense Of many
friendships the government has sup
ported them in their legal rights, but
there is no denial of the fact that they
are coming money out of blood and
hatred. The hands that they now raise
menacingly against nation by whose
neutrality they have profited are filled
with the gains of business that ig
nores the moralities and is content to
stand upon the strict letter of the law.
These are the men who have compli-
Gated the question of national defense
by their gluttonous attempt to bend
the whole movement in their own
selfish interest. With pockets stuffed
as result of the agony of Europe,
they have sought to make of the ne
cessity for reasonable defense at home
an opportunity to Cypress people at
peace. They want government to pro-
tect them, their property and their
trade. They even expect government
to go to war in their behalf Yet d
suggestion of independence on the
terrorism of monopolistic prices today
and of dismantled plants tomorrow.
What is new in all this is not the
contemplated robbery Of the people.
For many years that was a matter of
course and it may be so now The in
vestigation of 1896 showed that where
as the United States had been charged
$40 ton for armor plate, the product
was regularly sold to foreign govern
ments for $249 a ton At that time
pressure was eXerted chiefly upon the
republican party, whose campaign
chests were regularly enriched. Now,
with different regime in power, it
manifests itself in coercion and de-
| fiance.
These are the men or the success
sors of the men, also. who in 1894, on
the testimony of naval experts, were
fined $140,4S494 by President Cleve-
land for delivering to the government
armor plate that was VIGOROUSLY de-
fective, full of blow-holes, cracked and
resurfaced, never honestly tested and
far short Of specifications in other re-
spects. Some Of this armor was in
tended for the ships that won the
Spanish war If it had not been de-
tected it might even now be the weak
defense upon which in a great emer-
geney American life, honor and prop
erty would depend.
Congress cannot afford to ignore the
spirit exhibited by this combination
me hrst step toward preparedness in
THIS direction must be an assertion OF
national sovereignty that will not be
forgotten by Incorporated greed and
incorporated disloyalty.