davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-06-01

postma sters charging that the commit
tee had surrendered to the railroads on
the matter of railway mail compensa-
ton. Blakslee. when he appeared be-
fore the committee last week. admitted
that he had urged postmasters to pro-
test against the Senate committees
action and that he had said in letters
written on official stationery that the
committee had surrendered to railroad
influence. The committee agreed that
this was offensive to senators person
ally and to the Senate. and that 1t
should be officially resented.
we told the Postmaster General all
the facts in the matter, as they were
related at the committee hearing last
week" said Senator Bankhead. He
said he wished to read the record of the
testimony and l have just sent him
copy Mr.. Burleson said he had no knowl
edge beforehand of Mr.. Blakslee's activ-
ity in the case and that he regretted it
Until Mr. Burleson has read the record
and advised the committee of his opinion
regarding Blakslees action, nothing fur
Their will be done. The committee, how
ever, does not propose to let the case rest
If the Postmaster General does not dsap-
prove of Blakslee'S action. the committee
will take action. What action will be
taken ] do not care to discuss now"
The fight over adjusting railway mail
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-06-01
Government of U. S. Sends
Delegates to Convention
Federated Women's Clubs

Snecial Dispatch 10 The Star.
NEW YORK. June 1.-The federal
government has officially recognized the
General Federation of Women's Clubs
bv sending to the thirteenth biennial
convention. now in session in New
York city. two specially accredited rep
Kate Waller Bar
rett of Alexandria. Va. and Mrs. Grace
Porter Hopkins of Washington, d. {.
When this fact became known at the
18th Regiment Armory, Mrs. Barrett and
Mrs Hopkins We're given an ovation
and Geographic acknowledgment was
sent to the White House by Mrs. Percy
V Pennybacker. president of the G. F.
w. c.
Mrs. Barrett and Mrs. Hopkins are
representing the women and girls di-
vision of the United States employment
service recently organized by Secretary
Wilson in the Department of Labor, and
worked out in detail by Commissioner
General of immigration Caminetti.
The plan. as finally developed. prom
Uses to be one of the most far-reaching
humanitarian movements of the adj
ministration. 1t has been enthusiastic
cally Endorsed by the general federation
of clubs and at least five states-New
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-06-01

wide water to the Rod and Anglers
Club house. across the canal by boat
and down to tho ice-cold spring at
Cats pond. Then back to she towpath
and in a westerly direction for nslf a
mile a little trail SKIRTS the inlet OF
the Potomac separating Cupid's Bower
from the mainland
1T leads through perfect wilder
ness-over high lodges, affording ex-
cellent views of the bower and of Black
pond" says todav's Official account.
But the crowd did not anticipate the
rapidity with which a thunder shower
NAV come UP. and just about time lunch
was ready this experience greeted IL.
For an hour no one desired water, and
after the storm was over interest had
abated in reaching the main object OF
the trip as well as finishing lunch. so
all beat hasty retreat to the Great
Falls Hotel. An effort will be made
later to make this trip under more IA
vorable circumstances
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-06-01
with heart trouble and died on the train
Monday night on her way home.
The Election of Directors.

There were no contests in the selec-
state to the board of directors. as re-
quired by the revision of the bylaws
increasing the membership of the
board from Is to 81 The directors
elected were:
labama. Mrs. L. ]. Haley; Arizona,
Mrs. II. A. Morgan, Arkansas. MRS. 20
seph Frauenthal: California. Mrs f.
G. Denniston: Colorado, Mrs. W. X
Garretson; Connecticut. Mrs. John {.
Downs; Delaware. Mrs. A. r. Waurner ::
District of Columbia. Mrs: A knlgnt'
Florida, Miss Louise {. Melgs' Ieof Id
Mrs. T. l. Fitzpatrick: Idaho, Mrs
Charles Mueller: Illinois. Mrs: G. w.
Plummer; Indiana. Mrs. P. New hirter'
Iowa. Mrs II. A. Miller, Kansas. MIS-
c. A Hoffman, Kentucky, MRS. JAMES
A. Leech; Louisiana. Mrs. Johi ,Tfn.
MARYLAND, Mrs W. Pedrick; MasSa Gnu
sets Mrs George w. Perkins; Mlchl-
gan. Mrs. r. H. Ashbaugh; Minnesota
Mrs. Thomas q. Winter: MISSISSIPPI
Mrs. Edward McGehee; Mls SOU "
W. r. Chivvis: Montana, Mrs. w L.
Higgins: Nebraska, Mrs. \. q Feter-
son: Nevada, Mrs Charles Squares New
Hampshire. Mrs. +. J. Shepard: Ne"
Jersey, Mrs. c. w. stockton; Ne" neN
leo. Mrs. G. w. Frenger; New orr
Miss Mary G. Hay: North Carolina,
Mrs r, W. Lingle; North Dakota. MISS
NJ J. Nelson: Ohio. Miss Anna B. John
son, oklahoma, Mrs. T. Hope; oregon
Mrs Sarah a. Evans; Pennsyiv5an d
Mrs l. L. Blankenburg. Rhode lslahd'
~ II Cushman; South Carolina,
Mrs. J. W. Allen; South Dakota. MIS- rs
Ziliah f. Wilson; Tennessee, MIS-. ":
" Denny; Texas, Mrs. W. B. SHARP
Utah. Mrs. r. r. Porter; Vernon. W.
n - Ashton. Washington. Mrs. salon
Shadd west Virginia, Mrs X l..
Wisconsin. Mrs, r l.
Plesch
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-06-01

pay, in which the House and Post Of
fee Department are lined up in favor
of fixing the pay on a space basis and
the Senate post Office committee in ia
vor OF referring the question to the
interstate commerce commission for in
vestigation and report to Congress.
took new turn today. when Senator
Cummins introduced an amendment to
the post office appropriation bill. The
Cummins amendment would empower
the commission to fix rates instead of
reporting back to Congress for the
latter to fix them. A lively contest is
anticipated on the floor over the
amendment when the bill is called up.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-06-01

= NEW YORK. June Mrs Josiah
Evans Cowles of Los Angeles. Cal. has
been elected president of the General Fed
Grafton of Womens Clubs by large ma
FORTY cIefeating',Mrs. Samuel B. Sheath
~ Tiffin. Ohio.
The vote taken yesterday and an
1iounced today showed that Mrs. Cowles
received 1.27S ballots, against 433 for Mrs.
Sheath.
The other officers elected are:
First vice president. Miss George A.
Bacon of Worcester Mass.
Second vice president, Mrs. Eugene
Reilly, Charlotte. n. C.
Recording secretary. Mrs. Carrie A. Nc
Farland. South Dakota.
Corresponding secretary, Mrs. Francis
.. Everett of Illinois.
Treasurer. no choice; directors to
elect tomorrow.
Auditor. Mrs. W. 2. Harper of thu
state of Washington.
Votes for Affiliat ton.
: BY two-,hirds majority the fedora
tion voted to affiliate with the National
Council of Women which in turn is a
eff Women.
Several women were elected from the
meeting because of their protests
when they were denied the right to
vote on this question.
Three sessions today. in morning, aft
ernoon and evening, will wind up the
business of the convention. Many of
the delegates started home this morn
Ing, and it is estimated that at least
300 left the city without waiting to
vote at yesterdays election
II is expected the Louisiana and
Arkansas delegations will ask for the
next meeting of the biennial conven-
ton. and that the contest will be be-
tween New Orleans and Hot Springs.
Excursions for Tomorrow.
Tomorrow will be known as New
York's play day" The visiting dele
gates and club women will be taken on
excursions about the city, and several
hundred of them will be the guests of
the chamber of commerce on sail I'D
the Hudson to West Point and return.
Proof of the strenuous activities in
which the club women have INDUCED
during the last few days was furnished
today by the news that at least 100
visitors had been treated every day at
the emergency stations set up by loca
woman physicians members of the fed :
Grafton, at the convention hall and in
hotels Most of the cases treated were
due to physical exhaustion and mental
excitement resulting from the work of
the convention and too much sight
seeing. One delegate. Mrs. Nicholas
Peters OF Syracuse. n. Y. was stricken
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-06-01
POSTMASTER GENERAL
EXPRESSES HIS REGRET
Sorry for Blakslee's Activity, But
Wants to Read Testimony Be-
fore Definite Stand.

Postmaster General Burleson told
Senators Bankhead and Townsend of
the post Office committee today that he
regretted an issue had arisen over the
course of Fourth Assistant Postmas er
General Blakslee in open opposition to
the committees action on the postal ap-
preparation bill.
The senators had been requested by
the committee to ask the Postmaster
General if he approved of the action of
his subordinate in writing letters to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-06-01
STORM ROUTS WANDERLUSTERS
Walkers Forced to Abandon Visit to
Cupid's Bower BY DoWnpour.

Forty-five wanderlusters made a
brave attempt to visit Cupids Bower,
on the Potomac. Tuesday, under the
leadership of G. A. Gambs and w
Palmer Hall. going by way of the Brad
ley Hills car line. From the car termi-
nus trail was followed to Inspiration
point overlooking Great Falls. then
ca sterly down the cinder path along
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-06-01

Inc melting point of aluminium is
LIS degrees Fahrenheit.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-06-01
Gen. Harries Makes Address.

At the fftieth annual observance Of
Memorial day In the Auditorium at
Omaha Neb.. under the direction Of the
Grand Army of the Republic. United
Spanish War Veterans. Sons of Neter-
ans and their auXilaries. the principal
address was delivered by Mai. Gen.
George H. Harries. y. G. d. C. retired
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-06-01

Col. c. \. F. Flaeler, the engineer
officer in charge of the District water
supply system and river and harbor
improvements in this vicinity who
already has devoted time and study
to the subject of replacing the old
Aaueduct bridge, will have charge of
the construction of the new Key
bridge. He will be expected. with the
assistance of an architect yet to be
selected, to prepare plans and specifi-
cations for the new bridge of a design
and character suitable for require
ments within the limit of cost fixed by
the law. s1.00O.O00.
In order to ascertain the views of all
persons and corporations interested in
the question, Col. Flagler has arranged
TO give public hearing June 10 at
80 pm. in his Office in the Southern
building, One of the principal uues-
tons to be determined in the prepara
tlon OF the plans is the protection of
the interests of navigation. 1t has
oeen claimed that such interests re-
aulre that the new bridge be provided
with a draw. but there are MANY oh
Jsctiohs to such construction as
likely to interfere with public and nri-
Vate traffic over the bridge. The in
terests or railroads and other public
utilltleS in the new bridge also will
De considered at the public hearing
The melting point of aluminium is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-06-01

Beautiful Sheer Quality Colored
Flake Wolfe, with striped flake of
same color as fabric. In old rose.
copenhagen, light blue, pink, salmon.
lavender, tan and white.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-06-01

York. Pennsylvania. Maryland. Califor-
MIA and Illinois-have voted to CO.
operate with the federal government in
putting it into effect.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-06-01

F. Sheehy Skeftington was editor of
the Dublin Irish Citizen. a nationalist
paper published in Dublin. His execu-
ton caused strong protest on the part
of his friends, who asserted that he
had no connection with the Sim Fem
ers and was arrested and shot without
any trial or justification. The matter
was brought before the house of COM
mons. and Premier Asuuith stated that
the editor had been put to death with
out the knowledge of the military au-
thorities. and that the officer concern
ed would be court-martialed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-06-01
PRELIMINARY STEPS
F. FOR THE KEY BRIDGE
Col. c. A. F. FIagIer at Work
Upon War Departments
Tentative Plans.

Preliminary steps are being taken by
the War Department for the construction
of new bridge across the Potomac at
Georgetown to replace the Aqueduct
bridge in accordance with the law appro
priating 100000 for the new bridge
and $50, 900 for the temporary repair and
maintenance of the old structure.
Unless Congress interferes the new
bridge will be named the Key bridge
in memory of the author of The Star
Spangled Banner who for many years
made his home near the proposed site of
the Washington approach at the foot of
34th street.
Under the law the affirmative advice of
the commission of fine arts is required in
the matters of the location and plans of
the new bridge. Although that body will
not meet again until early next month, it
is known that the majority of the MEM
bers are in accord with the tentative plan
of the War Department authorities to To-
cate the bridge the line between 34th
street and the Virginia terminus of the
existing bridge at RoSslyn.
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1916-04-06

call II the spring fallow." When we
pillow in the fall. leaving the land
rough all winter, but smoothing II ov-
er to create a mulch as soon as the
frost is out OF the ground in spring.
when evaporation commences, we call
It winter fallow."
All of the best dry farm crops are
raised on one OF these fallows. The
summer fallow is probably the most
important, for II is responsible for
betweene five and ten million dollars
worth OF wheat raised in the United
States. Notwithstanding this fact. there
are several states which are only just
beginning to recognize the value OF
the summer fallow for what 1t is real
ly worth. The following of land
through the summer has beer called
summer tilling," summer culture
and various other names. but they al
mean the same thing. differing In de-
tail only. II was introduced into Utah
by some OF the old country Mormons
and from there the idea spread to Ida.
no and Oregon. In California the,
say that summer following is hun
dreds Of years old, having always beef
practiced at the old Spanish Missions
Some fifty years ago the San joaquin
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1916-04-06

jects any more to following except the
investigators Of the Department OF Ag-
riculture, and why they object is a
mystery, unless, perhaps, they think
they have to make a showing about
something. 1t is hard to imagine that
they are really ignorant of the fact
that the summer fallow for wheat is
worth some ten or more millions to
the United States; but this is what
they said at the last Dry Farming
Congress: Summer fallow, except in
regions of winter precipitation west
Of the mountains, has proved of
doubtful value; summer tillage Tor
the fallow) is an expensive and waste
full method of conserving soil mois-
ture." These gentlemen should in
vestigate the precipitation west of the
mountains, and if they do so, they
will discover that with the exception
of the Pacific states the winer preci-
p~itation is greater in the states east
of the mountains.
With regard to summer filling or
~cultivating the summer fallow, the
department men have always main
tanned that II uses up the humus. This
Is another example of not getting at
the facts in the case. Every opera
ton in the soil that turns any portion
of il up to the sun and air favors the
oxidation of the carbon elements,
but nevertheless these operations have
to be performed or farming would not
be possible; so what is the use of
talking nonsense about it? Moisture
must be conserved, and on the dry
70 run nnictpra 10 pf mnra mnnrtapn
than humus.
The burning up of humus in the soil
naturally entailed by working it is
reduced to a minimum by deep plow-
ing, for it is thereby mixed with such
a large amount of dirt that the amount
actually exposed to the atmosphere is
almost negligible, but the great ad-
vantage of the summer fallow is that
when properly worked as it should
be, IL conscrveS even humus thar
the tillage uses up. 1t is a very sim
pie matter, which even an investigator
should be able to accept after a few
weeks of study.
When we summer fallow, we pillow
the land in May or June, when the
whole field is ~carpeted with weeds
from SIX lHcneS 10 Il 1901 HlSl, ant
by blowing under these weeds we con
serve more humus in one blowing thar
we could burn up in two or three years
by cultivating-simple as A. B. C
when you understand it.
These investigating gentlemen al
; so took a shot at deep blowing ant
cultivating. They have taken man,
a shot at dry farming, but this indus
try still thrives and is taking tn,
whole West, as we told them invent,
or thirty years ago., when the atitud'
of the department was even NOR
j synical and unsympathetic than it i
today. What the government does no
. know about dry farming, reminds u
T of a man who came to the writer
ranch some years ago. This nan ap
: peared suddenly one day and sale
n Are you Mr.. Parsons?"
After l had told him that he ha
guessed right, he went on to say, "
am a post office inspector. and hav
been sent out to investigate dry farm
ing" Why" | said. what has tn
, post office to d. with dry farming,
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1916-04-06
THE FALLOw IN DRY FARMING
PRODUCES THE RESULTS.

Who first invented this method OF
increasing the moisture content OF the
soil, we do not know; but we read In
Jeremiah that the Israelites practiced
II In Palestine, where the precipita-
ton, as far as we a tell. has never
been much above fourteen inches.
There Is plenty OF proof. however, that
the Israelites dry farmed much as we
are doing now, and that they summer
fallowed the land and kept the weeds
out OF II.
Pllny.
The writings OF Pliny tell us thai
the fallow was also used by the Ro-
mans, and that Virgil fallowed his
farm land. planting II to crops every
alternate year.
When we pillow In the spring, har.
row and disc throughout the summer
TO keep the weeds out, and create {
mulch to conserve the moisture which
falls. we call the land 80 treated tn,
summer fallow." When we pillow II
March, az soon as the frost Is out O
the ground. and treat 1t In the sam
manner until planting time In June, W
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1916-04-06

Valley of California. with its precipi-
tation OF twelve inches. was a red-hot
desert. a wilderness OF desolation.
abandoned to the horned toad. the
snake and the cactus. This year
l.ooc. 900 acres is being planted to
wheat and other grain on the fallow
system. which will probably yield be-
tween ten and twenty million dol
lars worth OF grain.
Dry land In this district-the choco-
late clay loans and ever the sandy
loans which will raise wheat, the
same as sells in Colorado and Wyom-
ing for $40 an acre-brings 5000 an
acre. This is what following has done
for California. In this state the pre-
cipitation falls between November and
MAY. The blowing is done in the fall
and as soon as the rains are over
for the season. usually in May. a deer
dust mulch is created and the moisture
conserved in the fallow is carried ov.
err through five months of drouth UNI
Ill planting time in the ensuing falI
or winter.
In Oregon the largest winter wheai
raising district (fallow SYSTEM is IN
the eastern part of the state. with
fourteen-inch precipitation. This
system was started there in the Blue
Mountain country some twenty OF
thirty years ago. As the new settlers
came in. they all fell in line. until to
day the amount of winter wheat rails.
ed there is worth between one and two
million dollars. This fallow methoC
of raising wheat is also making plen'
" of men rich in Utah, Montana, Ida
no. Wyoming and Colorado, but in tn,
latter three or foul states. although
just as successful. 1t is not ~gerenall!
practised. The trouble is, there ar,
very few men who have the nerve L
do anything unless they find the Who'll,
countryside doing 1t.
Mr.. Philip Held or Logan county
Colo, has done some spendid work il
this connection, and now has a fai
sized community following his lead
This wheat raising community viii
eventually spread all e Logal
county and perhaps eventually all ov
er Colorado. The average for te'
years up there is thirty bushels to tn
acre.
otiit ldIllltIo ItduliE MS VIII Sd.
There's nothing but coyotes and but
falo grass around where | am. Coul
| do this? I'm afraid to try" G
course. he a do II, and many VIII
keep their own counsel. but just g
ahead and raise thirty or forty bushel
every year.
Mr.. Fred Thompson of Broomfiel,
near Denver. a pretty dry part of tn
state. raised over sixty bushels {
winter wheat to the acre last yea
That's good farming" you will sa.
II is probably the best dry farmin
in the world. but this is the secre'
Besides following. Mr.. Thompso
plows twelve inches deep.
Fifty years from nov all of the'
dry farm states will be raising the
ten and twenty million dollars wor
of winter wheat, but there is no o
casion to wait for our gr~andchildr'
. TO do tive a do il now. .
y Following Worth Millions.
Every time we pick up a farm p
q per we read that some mar has doul
ed his wheat crop by deep plowin
n by following or by both. Nobody O
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1916-04-06
made by harrow,

made by harrow.
the water from the quick summer
rains, and the soil that is worked loose
by the disc is quite as good a mulch
for conservation purposes as A,sat
The winter fallow is usually alSSed
to remain rough plowed all winter to
catch and absorb the snowfall. It ia
found that the clods which stick I'M
through the snow catch the rays Of
the sun and favor thawing, which al
lows the moisture to ~percolate down
between the burrows into the sub-soil.
where it is conserved by mulching in
the spring as Don as the frost is out
of the ground. Smooth, hard land does
not conserve moisture in winter, be-
cause the SNOW blows off and the little
that thaws on the surface freezee it
hard and solid, so that no moisture
can penetrate.-E. R. Parsons, Agri-
cultural Expert in the Western Farm
Life.