davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-06-24

with the odds heavily on. their side.
Such evidently was the case at CARR.
zal. The American oficer Is a fair
fighter, and when his orders are to
avoid a quarrel he Is usually the soul
Of discretion. We shall always be-
lieve that Captain Born followed in
structions and was a victim Of mis-
placed confidence. II he erred Il was
in putting any trust IN the Mexicans
at all.
StiM another lesson Of the Carrizal
affair is that campaigning. even in
Mexico, without a good aeroplane re-
cOnnaissance service Ia a. mistake.
Instead Of ten flying machines that
are generally undergoing repairs the
army should have a hundred and a
we'll trained aero corps. Captain
BoYp's expedition may not have been
one Of great importance, but II should
have been possible to spare an aero
plane to fy ahead and take notes.
II the army is compelled to fight in
Mexico It should have all the modern
tools to make a quick and thorough
Job Of Intervention.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-06-24

exports Increased from Ss.ASA.ooo 900 IN
the calendar year 1918 to $685. oo. ooo
in 1915. II Is worth while for us 10
keep in mind that these goods which
are exported are grown In tho same
fields with products which remain in the
United States, are mined from the Same
mines. are ~ from the same QuArries.
are smelted in the same blast furnaces.
are manufactured In tho same factories.
are hauled on the Same railways. and Il
Is only when they have reached tho sea-
board that they cease TO b . part Of
our domestic trade"
Conversely, imported goods enter
into u domestic trade when they
reach our seaboard, and DR.. Pratt
might have added that the huge turn.
owe Of money involved in financing
the movement and exchange of these
goods Is nm element in domestic trade
activity which cannot be measured
by the mere ratio of dollar estimates
Of external trade volumes to domestic
trade volumes. When DR.. PRATT said
further that "our economic future
rests sQuarely on the success Of our
foreign trade" he was we'll within the
facts.
The Importance Of our trade enter
prise In the international field Is so
great, and yet It Is so dependent on
n popular understanding Of what II
involves. that u future Ia menaced
by the currency given to the fallacy
Of Implication which has been exam
ined here. Germany has been forced
by the conditions Of the European
war to live practically within itself.
but from all accounts the Germans are
not very happy about It.. Under the
compulslon of desperate necessity We
could no doubt be self-sustaining, but
n colossal disruption Of domestic bust.
ness would be entailed In the loss OF
Il large part or all Of our foreign
trade. No nation lives to itself In
this world II II amounts to anything.
II II seeks TO or has so TO live 10 itself
1t can ut the best only exist.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-06-24
WAR VICTIMS AT HOME.
A Typical Case Of Loss Of Work and
De~StitutiOn.

To THE FplToR OF THE SUN-Sir' When
read OF the millions OF dollars raised
here in New York for the war sufferers
and all of it going To Europe, while so
many victims of the war are right here,
il makes me bitter. My husbands bust
ness was ruined by the war, and while
he is an expert in two lines he can get
nothing to do In them or In any other
line because he is over nifty years old.
After trying every day for two years,
with sickness in a family OF six eating
all HI had saved. we are now practi-
cally penniless, I'm VI at 4 A. NJ. sew
ing, but working every minute | cannot
make enough for actual necessities. and
I feel I cannot keep II up much longer.
We will not beg and there should be
no need to. II my husband could get
complaining kind. and our neighbors
tions up here) would be surprised II
they knew the true state, but | cannot
see what good II would do to expose
everything and get pity or charity. but
no work.
This is written hoping II will open
peoples eyes 10 what the war has done
TO our own people here through no fault
OF theirs. There are many cases like
ours, OF men over nifty who want work
and cannot beg. after years of moder-
ate prosperity. Some have grown chill
dren, which helps IA little. but even then
It Is hard.
ONE or THE AMERICAN WAR SUI
FERERs,
ERs, lime %,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-06-24

the army. The return Of these men
to their work was a great economic
need Of the kingdom.
The most serious charge made
against CONSTANTINE was that he
exceeded his authority as a constitu-
tional monarch, that the Government
which no formed after the troops
were mobllized did not represent the
people. vENIzELos has already elo-
quently called attention to this usur-
patton Of the popular rights and has
demanded an expression Of the ma
tional will. With the army demObi-
lized II might be expected that this
expression will be made ut the gen.
eral election that is to be ordered.
This will he one Of the most impor-
tant elections that have ever been
held in the country; for It will 60
a long way to prove II Greece yet
holds to her former standards Of
popular sovereignty. or II. as has been
uSStI tcN, SIIC has uIcVhIy uNCVYtCu sup
preston by the Kings hand.
CONSTANTINE has shown himself a
clever sophist. and he may yet And a
way out Of his present difficulty. But
one thing seems evident, ne has lost
Greece's opportunity Of winning by
the war. There Is less chance Of
gaining from Bulgaria than there Is
Of holding what was won In the sec
ond Balkan war. Whatever the re-
suit Of the great strife, the Allies,
Great Britain. France and Italy, will
control the Mediterranean and the
AEGEAN. and CoNsTANrISE's course has
not been such rs to inspire them to
grant him concessions on the shores
Of these seas. The narrow strip OF
tho Eplrus and the empty title OF
CONSTANTINE XII, eve II secured,
are poor rewards for his labors.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-06-24

As the first act Of his new official
life Premier ZAIMIs announced that
Greece Inns yielded fully to the de-
mands of the Entente Allies; the
army will he demobilized, the Cham
Der dissolved and n general election
ordered. BY the use of embargo and
blockade the Allies have enforced
their will ms effectively as II with
big guns and wnrships.
In bringing Greece tn terms Rus.
sin. France and Great Britain cXer-
ciscd their rights rs protecting pow
crs under the protocol Of London
that secured the recognition Of Greece
MS mn independent nation. They did
NOT nSk that Greece abandon her ncu-
trnllty. Offering as proof of this their
demand for immediate rehabilitation
of the army. In fact, rs guardians
they 'dcmnnd only TINT Greece shall
behave herself,
The mobilization Of the army was
unnecessary, If It was Il keep the
Bulgars Off Greek soil II was never
used for thot PURPOSE, The Bulgars
came unopposcd Into Greece and still
hold positions along the northern bor-
der, II Is believed, through official
cOnnivunre. The mobilization on
hausted the Greek treasury, and ms
the soldiers were for weeks unpaid
and many Of them left their com.
mands without leave. It demOralized
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-06-24
AUSTRALIANS RAILROADS.
Conditions VI Government Ownership
COntrasted with Canads's.

TO THE EDITOR or THE suN-SF. Mr..
Frank Trumbulls letter in THE SUN
Of June IL relating to Government own
ership Of railroads In Canada is interest
ing and presumably accurate. The def
let's are probably unavoidable. for the
reason that railroads not owned by the
Dominion monopolize the thickly popu-
lated sections. while the Improbable ter
ritory would have no railroad facilities
II the Government had not provided
them. According to Mr.. Trumbull's fig
ures the deficits for forty-seven years
have averaged S272.342 a year. which is
not a high price to pay for this service,
while as population and wealth increase
these railroads will doubtless prove prof
table. and may possibly recoup former
losses. II the Canadian Government
owned the railroads now In the hands
OF private corporations there would very
likely be an annual surplus instead Of a
deficit. Tit prime objective OF lover
ment owned utilities Is to serve the peo-
pie and not to pay large dividends.
All I know of this matter as II re-
lates to Canada IL derived from Mr..
Trumbull's letter but hen he says that
statistics relative to public ownership
Of railroads In Australia prove that the
system is similarly Improbable n un-
serviceable." he needs to be enlightened,
for his statement is not true.
Railroads. ~telegraphs. telephones and
old storage warehouses are owned and
operated by he state Governments In
Australia The Commonwealth Is as
large as the United States. with a popu-
lation not quite as great as that OF
Ohio. At the close of the fiscal year
l912-i9i3 there were 17.775 miles Of
railroad in operation and less than 1000
miles privately owned. OF the privately
owned lines 95s miles were for special
purposes and not for general use. while
the rest were either street car ines or
special coal or lumber lines permitted
to carry general merchandise and pas
sengers. The following table shows
that In Australia Government owned
railroads are not Improbable
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-06-24
The Case Of the Adela's Mail.

To u EDITOR OF THE suN-Str:
Really Mr.. John Bigelow IL a very DIM
cult person to please. First he asks by
what right. authority or precedent the
British Government neutral
mail, and when ! furnish him with n
good American precedent he says his
question was an abstract one (presented
in a pretty concrete form, and then,
In a pure III of abstraction. | presume.
quotes at much length correspondence
pa ss'ng etween Secretary Seward and
Secretary Welles. and also the i~nstruc-
tons OF the Navy Department. With
all this | am quite familiar, but may |
remtnd Mr.. Bigelow that no amount OF
correspondence or instructions can con-
'rovert n fact' And the fact remains
that the British mail on the Adela was
taken on that vessel by the Federal
cruiser Quaker City, and despite the de
mand made By the British Government
for Its restoration Il was held by the
prize court and used as evidence for
the condemnation OF the Adela.
A.. MAURICE Low.
WASHINGTON, n, c.. June 23.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-06-24

To EDITOR or THE SrS-Sir; THE
SUNS editorial article pointing out The
distinction between patriotic support OF
the President In the hole he has dra aged
us into In Mexico and the political sup
port Of him as a candidate is excellent
and 10 the point.
General Pershing was sent 10 Mexico
to get villa. lie did not. and IL APP
parently not going to get him. Why.
then, is he compelled to stay IN the In
terror OF Mexico? Why are not Tho
United states troops being employed
as a mobile force along the Mexican
border 10 guard the United state
against bandit raids?
President Wilson's Mexican policy
has been weird from the beginning. He
took Vera cruz put Huerta out
and then got out himself. and turned
Mexico over to anarchy. lie then ex-
planned II all in an Interview In the
Philadelphia Saturday Evening Post
saying that he wanted 20 put the MeNi.
can peon back on the land. villa. car
n and all the rest Of them are pro
testing that they are after the same
thing, namely 20 put the peon back IN
his land.
II We now Engage IN the conques o.
Mexico we shall. be hearing all summer
from the stump the changes Jung or
that well worn metaphor that we must
vote for II Democrats because 1--WE
must not swap horses While crossing 4
stream" The answer that the Republ
can vdsit 10 mda- l. dis II you AT,
crossing a stream on a spawned and
obstinate old mule, and a hne wei
saddled horse comes alongside the mule,
the worse the torrent is the better 4 VIII
be for o to swap fo- the horse
NEW YORK. June % ARooSAur
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-06-24
THE PRESIDENT AND THE
CANDIDATE.
Plain distinction Between Patriotic
Duty and Political Judgment.

To n EDITOR OF THs SuN-Sir: VIII
Wilson forever be the beneficiary or MS
own blunders? We have stood 10y and
stood for the President. VIII We
wabble with Wilson for four years
more? VIII newspapers allow them
selves to get into such n state 81 mind
as they did two years ago?
II is your patriotic duty 10 tell your
readers vigorously and repeatedly that
1t is perfectly consistent with real
Americanlsm to vote against a mar
who has helped to make America the
tragic laughing stock OF the whole
world. Let us uphold and help to
strengthen the hands Of Wilson while
he lasts, but let IA see TO 1t that the
Presidential days OF one who spoke NOT
wisely but too much shall he ended
March 3. 1917 (March being sunday.
and Il day OF rest).
The trouble with Mr.. Wilson !s that
he suffers from chronic complicated ana
complex thinking. The simple thing TO
do was to recognize Huerta. Therefore
It wasn't done. The dangerous and
difficult thing was TO compel people
to tolerate Carranza. Therefore 10o.-
reverse intellect to become the unwill-
ing victims Of Mexico under the
aesthetic leadership OF an American
President.
At the very outbreak Of the Inter
national war we should have begun Mt
once to organize our army and TO
strengthen our navy. Surely we should
have put our house In order. Surely
We should have ~husbanded our re-
sources. Certainly we should have
taken our ships out OF dry dock and
passed an appropriation to have them
manned 4 war threatening. and not
enough men FOR the war craft We have
manned. A war threatening. and not
enough men for our coast Notifications :
We speak of increasing our army and
navy without even having attempted TO
fill up the gaps.
WIN the sound ~ the hrst shot so
stupefy and stun us AZ 10 make uS
throw reason 10 the winds and keep
incompetence In office?
ALBERT OTTISGER.
NEW YoPK, June 20.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-06-24
The AIOOn at IBay.

Tho subjee, ~ this little ditty
Is that judiciary Sub Committee,
which came and delved In our Grand Jur,
Secrets, ana went away In fury.
A line or two IA IKE 10 Groom
About It's chairman. Mr., Moon,
Whose habit In to see things doubiet
\ habit apt to cause much trouble,
SO when our gallant Marshall eusseh,
The Moon. he got so all fred fused
At NirahaNs little righteous damn"
why. Moon, he felt like some old ram!
And 80, the bold District Attorney
To Washington must make n iourneyI
Must max" before the House aitempt
To purge himself of what's contempt"
And yet, despite the risk, ! urge
That many Of us would like to purge
Ourselves OF the contempt they rouse
Some folks in what IL called THE House.
Yet, odd II is-these times are stranger
While no dog runs "A risk Of danger,
4 man must 90 on trial soon
For simply baying at the Mooni
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-06-24

The State Of Tasmania and the North
ern Territory show losses in each OF the
above periods. and in only two periods
does the state of Queensland earn prof
It's. This is due to sparsity of popu-
lation. but the railroads themselves will
In time cure this defect. The average
COS, a mile ranged from 1850 in 1901
O2 to t9633 in Ial2-l3. including equip
ment. The track gauges vary from 5
feet 3 inches TO 3 feet 8 inches In the
various States. In 1918 there were
3.O9s locomotives. 4.34g passenger cars
and SLIP freight cars. and s3,5o3 en-
| ployees Of all grades. First class regu-
lar fares average less thar three cents
a mile. and second class less h two
| and one-eighth cents a mile. but in the
holiday. vacation and harvesting sea-
! sons special lower rates prevail. the
| service and comfort are good,
The sale -of franchises and special
, privileges In America has been the
, chief field OF political corruption. In
Australia franchises have not been FOR
sale for many years, and special privi-
leres are granted 20 none. Perhaps this
absence If opportunity accounts for the
~indisputable fac; hat politics In Com
morweaith. state and cities IN Australia
Is free. from graft. There Is no cleaner
! or more efficient government. nor any
more democratic. The foregoing sta
/ ~tls,!cs are taken from the Official Year
Book uf the Commonwealth Of Austria
Ia Statistics for the Period lsOi-l9l3.
No. !. 1914.
In 1855. fifteen years before the Com
monwealth was created. al act OF the
Victorian Parliament empowered a pri-
vate company TO construct cable street
railroads in the city OF Melbourne. pro-
ytded the company could get the con-
sent of several municipalities concerned,
/ but giving these municipalities the OPP
ton OF constructing the lines them
selves. The option was accepted and
the lines constructed with f.1O5,194
raised in London at Al per cent, with
which the roadway and power houses
were constructed. These were leased
for t~hirty-two years TO a private COM
pany. which agreed TO pay the interest
on the loan and provide a sinking fund
tn extinguish the municipal loan. and
In addition to equip the railroad and
power houses. This lease expires In July
OF this year. There has been no add
tional municipal expenditure. and the
whole property will be turned over 10
the city clear Of liabilities. That IL
will be a source Of revenue Is shown by
these statistics:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-06-24
THE TRAINING CRUISE.
What Civilians May Learn by Accept.
Ing the Navy Departments Offer.

To rHE EDITOR OF THE SuH-Sr: The
tense Mexican situation adds more thar
ordinary interest to the training cruise
for civilians arranged by the Navy De-
partment. There is a threefold object
In the cruise. II IL first intended To
prepare civilians TO act as reserves In
time OF war or national emergency by
giving them a course OF training on
warships with naval officers and naval
discipline. Its second object Is to foster
patriotic spirit and give the civilian
some knowledge and idea Of naval re-
Qu.remerts. Finally. the cruise Is in
tended to interest civilians IN naval mat
tiers. 50 TIA, ~ ;aains futu;e Courses
Of training and by study many can
qualify for acting commissions.
Not only will the cruise he beneficial
TO the Government in case OF need. but
also to the individuals who participate,
as they will practically get a month
vacation with the minimum Of expense
How they Will spend their time on ship
hoard is told in the ~circular issued by
the Navy Department:
A portion Of the day will be given Vt
TO mo study Of special subjects. which
will he largely optional, so that recruit,
who have aptitude for or knowledge o,
such subjects rs navigation. signalling
radio work. steam or electrical engineer
ing. &c. may have an opportunity tc
specialize. Boat drill Will be given and
landings made. and recruits will he laugh,
the manual OF arms. and military forma-
lions. During The final week OF the cruise
the ships will return TO the naval districts
whence they came, and. in addition 20 the
courses Of instruction. recruits will hs
given a general idea OF their own nava
district and Its defensive problems,
Before taking the cruise the civilians
accepted must signify their willingness
TO subject themselves to and be governed
by the United States navy regulations
and Instructions. to obey all orders
issued by duly commissioned officers
and to perform duties that may he as.
signed TO them. l. NJ.
NEW YORK. juno 81.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-06-24

Perhaps nobody has stated the
main facts Of the Mexican situation,
in Its present aspect. more concisely
than our contemporary the Times In
two brief sentences, Of which this Is
the first:
we know pretty well where va are.
now ~ arrived II Of small conss-
ausnce."
True as to June, the statement will
have to be revised in November.
"How we arrived" will then he of the
greatest consequence:
This Is the second sentence:
Ut 10 necessary that our future course
shall be FREQ from hesitation m III
mAsred by laundering"
That is what THE Sun believes
That Is exactly what Colonel RoosE,
Welt has been saying. That is what
patriotic members Of the Progressive
party seek to accomplish by removing
the principal obstacle to the defeat
Of Mr.. WILSON and to n change OF
Administration. That Is what the
election Of Mr.. HuaHEs would insure
That Is what ELIHU Roor had ir
mind when he said, four months ago
president WILSON cannot change hi.
nature"
Although u contemporary tbs
Times has not yet declared Itself for
mally as a supporter OF Mr.. HUGHES
and an opponent Of Mr.. WILSON. tho
pregnant sentence which we quote
with qualification would seem to leave
little doubt OF It's attitude.
Where we are, we know. How W
arrived Is a question to be considered
at the polls this fall. 1t Is necessar,
that for the next four years the exec
utive direction Of the nations course
shall be free from hesitation and un
marred by laundering; and Mr.. VII
SON cannot change his nature.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-06-24
Lessons Of CaPri1Al.

In the disastrous encounter Of
American cavalry with Carranzistas
ut Carrizal there are lessons that
should not be lost upon u comman-
ders of all ranks in Mexico. The first
IL that the enemy must not he de-
spised. 4 troop Of our hard riding,
quick shooting. we'll trained and sea-
soned cavalry can with little risk to
themselves hunt bandits all day. Sell
dom Is one Of our own men shot
out Of the saddle. and the casualties
Of the bandits are often heavy. Such
campaigning has a tendency to give
the American soldier a poor opinion
Of the Mexican as n fighting man.
But the Carranza forces, such Of them
ut least as have fought under ORRE-
0oN and other Constitutionalist Gen.
erals. + organized troops, are well
drilled and not III disciplined: and
they are uniformed and equipped with
field and machine guns as we'll as
with magazine rifles. Moreover, they
are veterans Of n three years war
and have fought on many bloody
fields. Among their commanders are
graduates of the excellent military
school of Chapultepec.
While the hest Of the Carranza
troops are by no means the equal of
American regulars, It would he fatu-
u to underrate the bravery, training
and experience Of these organized
Mexican veterans.
There are officers In the Constitu-
t~,onalist ranks who really know some
thing about the business of fighting.
and who maintain discipline and
obey orders from their superiors,
Compared with West Pointers they
may know little about the science of
war and the handling of men, but
even West Pointers would do we'll ia
take them seriously. General FELlx
GOMEZ, who commanded the Mexicans
at Carrizal, had orders not tn let the
Americans pass, and he died In the
execution Of them.
1t was an unequal fght, the Amer.
leans being o%utnumbered and Mt a
disadvantage In having no machine
guns, And they also suffered from
other disadvantages. want Of cover
and failure to take up n position OF
some tactical value. the explanation
Of which Is said to be that Captain
BoYD, who was In command, had more
faith In the Mexicans than either thu
situation or experience warranted. Il
ought to he II hard and fast rule FOL
our soldiers In Mexico that the Meyi
cans cannot be trusted. A pnrlc,
with them Is fraught with danger
II they are In greater strength ant
have the better position and equip
ment the pnrley may become a BATH,