davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Detroit times., 1916-07-17

Dog days" have anticipated their
usual period this year. and. because
OF the number of persons that have
been bitten within week. every ca
nine In Detroit, no matter what his
pedigree, is under suspicion.
Though 80 persons have been bit.
ten. there is little evidence that the
muLaling ordinance is being enforc.
cd. Capt Burton Girardin, OF DO
lice headquarters, says the ordinance
Is supposed 10 be in operation in the
months OF June, July and August.
Members OF the police force have
jurisdiction over infrac,ions Of the
ordinance, which appears to be rath-
or dead letter in Detroit.
In New York city. where the
health department has powers OK
ceeding those Of any other munich.
pal body, the muzzling ordinance is
enforced by plain clothes officers IN
It's employ. II is an all-the-year
"iN"hN VI NlIihiltt AH'l't anu II 10
rigidly enforced.
The Detroit ordinance Is based
on the wrong hypothesis says Or
William II. Price, city health officer
Rabies IS not necessarily a sum
mer disease II is just as liable to
develop in the coolest winter
months The interruptions between
the periods OF operation OF our local
ordinance preclude the possibility
Of making II effective We should
have an all.year around ordinance.
and il should be enforced
Large numbers OF dogs are at
fected by rabies. In all supposed
cases the dogs should be isolated at
once and placed under police obser-
walton. II a suspected dog survives
after 10 days, then the person or
persons that may have been bitten
by him can forget 1t. The dogs sur
viyal after that period is absolute
proof that ne was not afflicted with
rabies.
IF the old fallacy OF killing the
dog after il has bitten someone pre-
walls. or il it dies while supposedly
mad. tho body should be taken 10
tho hoard OF health laboratory, No.
33 Nullettst... where we will en-
The Detroit times., 1916-07-17
MOTORISTS MUST
STOP FOR CARS

Automobile drivers. take warn
ingl
Hereafter. YOU must stop your
machine bcnind street-cars that
come TO 4 halt else a motorcycle
cop will get YOU.
In other words the Li;tlefeld ord.
nance passed few months ago. IL
going 10 he strictly enforced. begin
ming Monday. The skip-s,op expert.
ment has impressed on the police
the necessity OF the Observance of
the ordinance, aud Inspector James
Srrott, who Is understanding In
spector William Rutledge. director
OF traffic, just now enjoying hi fur
Tough. has arranged to Rave every
available motorcycle police man or
duty TO enforce the ordinance Mon
day.
The Detroit times., 1916-07-17
HAY NAMED TO
CLAIMS BENCH
Wilson Finds Place for Trouble
some Member of
House

WASHINGTON, July 17.-Presi-
den: Wilson Saturday nominated
Congressman James Hay. author of
the new army bill. OF Madison. Va.
TO be a Judge on the United States
court OF claims.
Congre ssman Hay. veteran mem
Der OF the house. is chairman OF the
military committee. whose much
criticised federalizeG militia bill
furnished the frame work for the
present army Reorganization plan.
Acceptance OF the position and his
retirement from congress is expect
ed TO be announced at once.
For several months 1t has been
reported in congressional circles
that the administration was trying
to find a place for Hay, Many OF
his policies have not agreed with
those Of the president.
The Detroit times., 1916-07-17

deavor 10 determine the nature OF
the illness.
"If II is decided that the animal
had hydrophobia. then victims OF its
bite should Immediately take the
Pasteur treatment One humid &c
per cent of cases are preventable II
taken in time
The bodies OF three dogs that died
I'm the city pound, Jefferson-ave. and
Twenty -first.st.. were removed 10
the board OF health laboratory Tor
dissection Friday.
Poundmaster Richard Cuthbert
says there are 1875 dogs in the pound
at present, and Fred DeTshinsky, the
Official dogcatcher. Is gathering In
from % 10 80 per day. The figures
do not exceed the average for this
time OF year.
The public Is warned that rabies
Is not only implanted by the bite OF
the affected animal. but II can be
inoculated by contact with the saliva
Of the suffering brute. In this way
IL frequently becomes epidemic. The
disease develops in from three
weeks TO several months, and it's
gradations include anxiety. mental
depression. sense % dryness in the
throat. and commissions. The sight
or sound OF water becomes torture
TO the victim.
Included in the list OF persons bit
ten by dogs, Friday. are two Detroit
patrolmen. Both officers were bitten
while performing official duty. Si1
persons in all were bitten.
Those bitten were Patrolman Err
nest Mayville. Second precinct; Pa
trolman William A. Bird, First pre-
cinct; Austin Crookern. nine years
old, OF No. 300 Paciflc-ave.; Joseph
Sosnowski, II. OF No. IL Helburn-
ave: Alice Hill. five. of No. 900 Rus
sell-st.; Marion Maher, six, OF No.
SAT Kendallave.
The Detroit times., 1916-07-17
DIR. PRICE GIVES
FIRST AID HINTS
No Attempt Made to
Enforce Ordinance
Requiring Muzzles
FIRST AID HINTS
FOR THE DOG DAYS
BY Or. William n. Price,
Health Officer

When a person is bitten by
dog, the wound should be eau.
terized Immediately with forma.
lin, a 40 per cent formaldehyde
preparation.
IL the flesh has been badly
torn a physician should be called
TO dress the wound.
The dog should be captured
alive, II possible, and kept under
observation for 10 days. A dog
with the rabies positively will
die within 10 days, and there is
always grave fear that the bit
ten person has been infected
should the dog die within that
time.
II the dog dies within the 10.
day period tho person bitten
should apply az the health de-
partment for the Pasteur treat.
ment.
The Detroit times., 1916-07-17

All OF which is pure nonsense.
or course Who ever heard OF an
egg either behaving or misbehay.
ing? Nobody. That is, nobody that
I know unless II be Blacky the
Crow. II Is best not 10 mention
eggs in Blacky's presence these
days. They are forbidden topic
when he Is about. Blackie IS apt to
be little resentful al the mere
mention OF an egg don't know
as | wholly blame him. How would
you feel II you knew you knew all
there was 10 know about a thing
and then found out that YOU didn't
at all? Well. that is the way 1t is
with Blacky the Crow.
II any one had told Blacky that
he didn't know all there is TO know
about eggs he would have laughed
at the idea. Wasn't he, Blacky,
Matched from an egg himself? And
hadn't he. ever since he was big
enough, hunted eggs and stolen eggs
and eaten eggs? If he didn't know
about eggs who did? That is the
way he would have talked before
his visit 10 Farmer Browns hen
house. II Is since then that 1t has
been unwise to mention eggs when
Blacky is about.
You remember that Blacky finally
got his courage up 10 the point OF
flying up 10 the edge of the nest.
ing box just inside the door OF
Farmer Browns henhouse.
There, just as he had seen them
when he got that hasty glance in
there about which | have told you
were two eggs. How Blacky did
wish that he could take both. But
he couldn't. One would be all that
he could manage. He must take
his choice and go away while the
going was good Which should he
take?
1t often happens in this life that
things which seem to be unimport-
ant. mere trifles in themselves,
prove TO be just the opposite. Now,
so far as Blacky could see, il didn't
make the least difference which
egg he took excepting that one was
little bigger than the other. As
matter OF fact, il made all the
difference in the world. One was
brown and very good to look at
The other, the larger of the two.
was white and also very good TO
look at In fact, Black thought it
the better of the two to look at, for
II was very smooth and shiny. So,
partly on this account, and partly
because il was the largest. Blacky
chose the white egg. He seized II
In his claws and started 10 fly with
II, but somehow he could not seem
to get a good grip on it. He flut-
The Detroit times., 1916-07-17
PEOPLE ARE DYING
OF HEAT IN DETROIT
WHILE 1T is COOL AND
COMFORTABLE AT THE
STAR ISLAND HOUSE

III never realized there was such
difference In the temperature said
a Detroit gentleman. guest al star
leland. Yesterday.
splendid meals, good service. excel
lent music, dancing, bathing. tennis.
fishing. boating and pure comfort are
nllinE the Star Island House. under
new management. with the best
people who appreciate n nice resort.
where no liquor IS sold and where
everybody can enjoy themselves.
Special rate OF IS for tho week
end, from Saturday evening dinner
10 Monday breakfast. Phone for
reservations.
cHAS. S. EMERSON. PROP.
Star Island House, st. Clair Fls.s,
Mich.
The Detroit times., 1916-07-17
COUNTY GETS
S213,494 FROM
STATE AUTO TAX

County Treasurer Edward F.
Stein. SATURDAY.. received check
for S22l, 494i7 from the secretary
of states Office as Wayne cOunty's
share Of the auto tax collected up
TO June 90.
4 check fer the same amount was
sent 10 the state treasurer. the nor
ey collected for automobile taxes
being divided evenly between the
county and state.
The Detroit times., 1916-07-17
Drowned Man Identified.

The body found in the River
Rouge Friday morning was identi.
fed. Friday afternoon, in the coun.
~ morgue "a tina; OF John Babel.
stein. - years old. OF Wyandotte.
He WIS unbalanced by the heat ac-
oCrdinG 10 his son. who declared
that he had wandered down to the
river TO keep cool The son read
OF the recovery Of a body from the
river. Worried over the disappear
ance of his fatGer, ne visited the
mCrpup.
The Detroit times., 1916-07-17

should have broken when IL hit the
branch OF the apple tree. Certain
ly II should have broken when he
struck 1t that way with his bill
However was he To eat that egg
II he couldn't break the she'll?
Blacky didn't know. Finally he gave
up trying. once more clutched the
egg and flew OFF with IL.
What Blacky the Crow did with
the stolen egg.
The Detroit times., 1916-07-17
DETROIT ELKS
WIN $500 PRIZE

BALTIMORE, July 15.-The De
troit Elks lett here. Friday. with
$500 neatly tucked away, represent
ing the first prize awarded the
Michigan boys for having the best
drill team in the big parade Friday.
The delegation was loud in its
praise of the way II was treated
here.
The Detroit times., 1916-07-17

Thoroughbred yearlings from John
II. Morris famous Bosque Bonita
stud in Kentucky are TO be auction
ed off at q sale Of the Powers-Hunt-
er company in New York CITY to
night.
The Detroit times., 1916-07-17

More than 1000 employees 81 Dodge
Brothers Motor Co went TO fash
moo park for their annual outing.
Saturday morning, on the steamers
Greyhound. Tashmoo and City OF
Toledo, Of the White Star line.
The Detroit times., 1916-07-17

notice To Whom IL May Concern
fake notice. on Tuesday. July ~.
A H.. 1916. at j. m, at ll1-llJ
Mich all articles and things from
80 fs01i 10 No. 50Sei, left In pawn
with SteinberE's Loan once ~ the
city If Detroit. Mich. viii be sold at
public auction in accordance with
Chapter 12j. Section S OF Detroit
Strtnberg's Loan Office. BY julius
stoinbcrR. Ascher Moss. Auctioneer.
The Detroit times., 1916-07-17
400 Enioy eoerth Excursion.

Little Katherine Helen Corwin,
years old, was the star attraction
on the moonlight on Lake ST. Clair,
which the Boerth Lunch Co. tender.
ed 10 400 employees, Friday evening,
and was much applauded for her
dancing. The event was in charge
OF Richard ID. Cook, manager OF
Boerth's Spa, who saw to it that
everyone had a good time. Eight
pieces from Boerth's orchestras fur.
nished the music for dancing.
The Detroit times., 1916-07-17

The Board Of Education reserves
the right 20 reject any or all bids.
CIINS. \ GADp.
P-Sg9 Secretary.
The Detroit times., 1916-07-17
LITTLE STORIES FOR BEDTIME
An Egg That Wouldn't Behave.
t. W. BurgessJ
eY THORNTON w. BURGESS.

II you had an egg and It wouldn't
behave
Just what would you do with that
egg may / ask?
To make an egg do what u don't
want 20 do
Strikes me like a difficult sort Of
"A task
The Detroit times., 1916-07-17
For
EMERGENCIES

When you have a bilious at
tack, or when you feel illness
coming on-promptly move the
bowels, start the liver working
and put your entire digestive
system in good shape with a
dose or two of the time-tested
The Detroit times., 1916-07-17

Tho Food.Drink Tor sIi Ages
Rich milk. matted grain. in powder form.
For infants, invalids and growing children.
Purenutrition. upbuilding shswhole body.
lnvigorates nursing mothers and the aged.
More nourishing than tea, coffee, etc.
Substitutes Cost YOU Same Price
The Detroit times., 1916-07-17
RoARD OF EDUCATION.
Detroit. Michigan. July 10, 1916.
BIDS-LOCKERS AND PAD
LOCKS - NORDSTRUM,
NORTHERN AND SOUTH
EASTERN HIGH SCHOOLS.

Sealed proposals VIII be received
e. This 9ricS unp,ii =. . O'clock y
furnishing and installing complete
all lockers and padloeks required FOR
the Nordstrum. Northern and south
eastern High Schools
Plans and Specifications may Doc
seen at the office OF the Architects.
Mcssrs Malcomgon x Hjgginhotham.
f04 MofTat Building.
Proposals must be submitted on
forms furnished by the Architects
and accompanied by certified check
or cash equal 10 per cent OF the
bid. a surety Company bond WITH
not be accepted In connection with
the submitting ~ proposals
A deposit ot $1,000 Is required for
each set OF plans. 20 be repaid when
plans are returned. Also rental
OF $500 per day will be charged con-
tractors who retain plans longer
than agreed.
The successful bidder will be re-
/ CURED 20 enter into n contract with
l this Board, furnishing herewith IN,
customary Surety Company bonds.
The Detroit times., 1916-07-17

The telephone system of Japan
represents an investment OF $4,000
900.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-02-08
VETERAN SURGEONS oUISINE
MORE VALUABLE. VOW

Kansas City, Ma. Feb. 7.--Jnst be,
fore he died. In 1905, DIR. Cyrus r,
Kimmei, veteran surgeon OF the Civil
War, and pioneer physician In Kansas
City. called hts son, Clarence, to his
bedside and gave him instructions for
the disposal OF the contents Of q white
pine box that had lain In the attic for
many years. ''Sou.' he said. 'lon't
sell II until IL gets back to $3.50 an
ounce again. II will be scarce ana Iii
demand again some day. Wait till
then Wholesale drug stores here
have quoted auinine at s2.T5 an ounce.
and the. demand exceeds the supply.
The white pine boz Iii the attic of the
KimmeI home contained nearly 100
ounces.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-02-08

tees of the General Assembly to look
after the fish and game OF the State,
to look after the schools and colleges
of the staff. TO look after the agricnl-
tural interests OF the State. to look
after the banking and insurance, 4.
look after the physical health OF the
people. but he scorns the suggestion
thai the General Assembly OF yir-
ginia shcald~hsve a committee 20 con-
slider the moral and social welfare Of
the people 81 the State. One would
imagine to hear Mr. Blake talk that
cur government, state, city ana ccun-
~. was 50 extremely careful OF the
moral interests of the people that ii
would be folly for the General Assem-
bis 70 collsldlr any question relating
10 public morality. And vet the Geli-
srai Assent AT This very session ss
cosisiJertf1g ae anti-sansbsing bill. the
8ntirsice. bill epd the anti-snicon bill
All Of these are great moral sques-
tlorel and II they arc 10 be consld-
cred boy tee General Assembly. why
SHOULD the, not be considered by 4
committee. Of the Assembly constituted
~ consider moral gsiestions2 Why
should theg bsFefsFred 10 q commit@
lee On F'tnsnes 81 lsensral Lava whanl
thsy arS tese ssrst of ~ paFtai1-
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-02-08
COOKED is THOUGH HIS
LIFE 0EPFlED On II


Orange. CaI- Feb. &c. -. stuart
- no cooi, but ne cooked one night
A. thongh his life depsndsd upon Il.
In fact ~ thought his life did de-
pend npon 4. for there was TnAsked
man III The room. ana tins nn4sk4d
man had revolver that ne persisted
In pointing ii Stuartse head
Stuart's Wits was away at church
when the door bell rang. stuart went
to the door and ii walked the NAKED
man. The bandit had an especial
liking FOR tea, and 1T the point of the
revolver Stuart made tea. He sst the
table and took things from the pantry
to make up meal.
Stuart had q purse with money in
IT, Bending over the sink. hs slipped
the pocketbcok from his pocket into
the inside Of his trousers and let il
slide down his trousers leg to $hs
floor He kicked II under the sink
and went on making tea After the
bandit had finished hearty meal, he
searched Stuart for money. All he
found va. two lincoln pennies.
which he took
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-02-08
SENSATIONAL INSTRUMENTATION.

commended that taxes ell.sll In some
cases he raised hundred per cent
Is a gross ulisststement.
The assertion thai IT iras been rec
commended by the Advisory Board tina,
a .'taA Of s3.se be required on each
500 on all notes secured by desds OF
trust at the time OF recordation" Ia
gross misstatement.
The Advisory Board virtually
abandons the collector or omitted
taxes not already reported" IN another
statement branded false.
'.All of the facts from which Ia
deduced the remarkable array OF mis-
information have been public prop
erty for weeks, exact information hay-
ing been given as TO the tax situation
In the report of the Auditor of Public
Accounts, ia the report OF the State
Advisor Bosvd to the General AS
SER. bly,. and in he Governors mes
sage.
Curious isn't II. what nightmares
re do discover at times?
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-02-08
COMPLAINTS THAT VILLAGE
BARRIER GETS DRUNK

Madison. Wis. Feb. Tit II within
the State Health Departments po Ser
10 revoke the license Of barber who
ID intoxicated on duty or is subject to
fits while practicing his profession.
Every week for sure he gets drunk
in our town. and then wants to fight, :,
reads a complaint of reputable citi-
zen from a Wisconsin town to the bar
bers' division Of the board. ''nnd. fur
thsrmore. he gets the drunkard's fits.
as they cal, 1t. A petition with a
raIf dozen names testityfnc 70 his
'reckiessress'' was also flied.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-02-08
RUMAN1A CENTER OF INTEREST.
What will Rumania do?
Il Whaf In she sofnr new

What will Rumanis do?
Whst IL she doing now
London hears that Bulgarian and
Turkish troops are being rapidly con
c4ntrated on the Rumanian border to
meet an expected attack from that
quarter.
r. this be true. pity 'sis 'twere not
true when sorely hcset Serbia would
nave benefited By 1t. The alice diplo-
MACY has been behind time from the
outset Had Rumsnis, with Russian
cc-operatiop, struck vigorously when
the Teutonic- Bulgar drive was
natnched against Serbia. and had Italy
noscperated in a whole-souled fashion
N4xh the allies and Montenegro,
DalkAn history would have been
sMetiy different.
6p far as Serbia is concerned. we
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-02-08
ASKS THE PEOPLE no
FEED DEER AND QUAIL.

Redding. Cal. Feb. lowing Ia
unprecedented snow storms iii the
mountains large numhers Of quail and
deer are stranded In Northern valleys
and along waterways. Appeals have
been made 70 persons who live IN
these snowbound districts To give -
sistance in the way Or food. It Is nec-
essary that this assistance be given
deer and quail at once to prevent great
loss Of game. Those who give either
hay 10 deer or wheat to quail may pns-
sibly he reimbursed, according tod. s;
White, deputy fish and game commits
sioner for this district X hills IN trip
iicate are submitted
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-02-08

are quite sure that IL would be better
for that distracted country 10 remain
under les Tcuton- Bnlgas conquerora
until final peace comes rather than TO
be again the theater Of destructive
campaign.
of course, the engagement by Eu-
mania and Russian forces Of the Bull
gar and Turkish troops should enable
the allies, now cooped up At Thessa-
louika, To resume the offensive and
eventually to break the connection be-
tween Berlin and the Bosphorus.
Rumania's entrance upon the fray
now will doubtless indefinitely post
pone Tenton-Turk Egyptian cam
paigr. although there has for some
time been reason to believe that the
saez Canal would shortly be undo,
Are.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-02-08
THEY WOULD VOTE 81 MAlL.


st. Paul. Mimi. Feb. a.. Minnesota
travelling men want to vote by mail
in al Minnesota elections. wherever
they happen to be in the United States.
With this object In view cam
paign Is being formulated to urge leg
islation to this effect. Under the pres
ent statute Minnesota travelling nien
can vote only for presidential electors,
the State ticket and constitutional
amendments, and they must be with
In the State at the time.
The National Absent yotars. r1easre.
OF which A, r. wfxon, OF Minneapolis.
is national secretary, and j. NJ. Dress
ser, OF ST. Paul. Is state president.
viii have charge Of the campaig.s.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-02-08
MOTHER GIVE SKIN TO
GRAFT UPON HER barry

Gypsum. Kan. Feb. 7.~--An opera
ton. whereby skin was grated on the
burned portion of the body OF Paul
Keyes. the fourteen IN onth-old son OF
MFR. and Mrs. r.. A.. Reyes. was per-
formed here recently. At the mothers
request the skin was removed from her
body for her child Three weeks ago
the child. while seated In a high-chair.
at the dinner-table. pulled pot OF
boiling -hot tea on himself. burning
off the skin on his face. Ghost abdo-
men ard arms. The child may re-
cover,
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-02-08
EASILY SATISFIED

1o1s1so3 Oh usnI no ssuIl aul ST Aou
George Ned. Blake Rich
14 grocer and liquor dealer APP
&t&d before the Joint Committee OF
IN and Social Welfare of the SEN
md House 10 oppose the MRpp
Nation bill Among other things
Flake seriously objected 10 the
That II was .secesSary for com
<tao 70 be appointed by the Viz
III H4kisiAture TO consider CUES
- pertaining 10 the moral welfare
= 3ha state Dir. Blake asked with
3& A Jzksst ss II people Ia our cpunties de-
S&EM tea HI ssseh degree ns 10 Fnasse
xaac&EEaxs want ta tell you
4)&e* have not "a Riehtnerd, the
- ~ my aboae Wa peepie need
Z 6xof fso1>t1iatttex. and I do not be-
&9t fxSf people ~ yostr conn-
NtnG ~ people a. 4 do frorn
&lss NJ the s<a. need II or
- y ssxily sstisfssd. He be-
- ehpsiA 1aNn ecmmit-
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-02-08

n another column The virginian
<ysis morning prints statement Of
1Selo gssen out last evening by the
Ss<retaxy to tho Governor, Captain
Rexandsr Forward. In which the SEN
Satacras ,ni.anformstion printed in an
nktswno8n newspaper relative 10 thu
- ssfDa.ion IL promptly ''saueiched. :
The statement from the Governor
ellce says. relative to ths article In
nl1zxt4un. 4i7fs4t1c statements contained
- this article. insofar as they relate
- the tax system. are each and every
80 without foundation" In other
Nprds. the assertion that the state
Advtsory Board communicated conf
dentiAlly with the two France Com
ssssttees OF the General Assembly Fri
Aay e~ening. suggesting that ssErega-
don would prove failure unless tax
ex1cn q materially increased, the estt-
mated deficiency for the year 1917
ssins over 100000. is gross mite
basement.
me statement that 81 has been rec
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-02-08
Helps Rnid ma own Cab.

Minneapolis, Feb. fudge Fred.
eric< Brown, formsriy Of the
Hennepin County District Court, and
now Of Seattle. aided ! squad 81
sheriff's deputies In i raid on his own
social club. OF which he II president,
according to dispatches from Seattle.
The deputies conftscAted 800 quarts
Of alcoholic beverages. Judge Brown
arrived while the deputies were IN the
club and aided them In tbs search
Judge Brown resigned from the Hen.
neptn County bench several years ago
TO practice law In Seattle. 81
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-02-08
WHY NOT PUSH IT ALoNGq

AZ oecurs to us. without assuming
IN my way 10 be critical. that Rich
d md II not living up TO its reputa-
1 ~ for promptly doing what il has
Al III connection with the Urbanna
6slrcsd rro3ert.
this - q good thing and II does
ia II rs that that has been very
6nItAIy ana afarmatively settiad.---