The Monticellonian., 1916-05-11

able than several days work in the wheat, maize, or rice fields.
 Lisbon's Beautiful Harbor.
 The harbor of Lisbon, where the seizure of the German merchant ships precipitated Portugal into the war, is one of the most beautiful in all Flu rope, ranking scarcely second to Ma pies and Constantinople. The city is about the size of Pittsburgh, and has been the political center of the na- tion since 1t was wrested from the Moors in the middle of the twelfth cen- tury by Alfonso Henriques, the founder of the kingdom. It was the English l who aided Alfonso in his war against l the Moors, and the following century the two countries effected an alliance which has existed unbroken during the succeeding TOO years, save for such sporadic interruptions as when Ma poleon forced the little kingdom to de- clare war against the island empire.
 The Portuguese. especially those of Lisbon, are a pleasure-loving people. They are fond of sports of many sorts, including the bull-fght, but the tore ador Is not the idol in this country that he is in Spain, nor are the contests as fierce. Horses are seldom if ever sacrificed in Portuguese trocaderos. Lisbon is an even greater night city" than was Paris, the streets ap- bearing at their busiest usually at 3 a. m. The principal thoroughfares are admirably kept nowadays but as late as 1885 cleanup campaigner was in woeful minority when he began to urge the authorities to put stop to such practices as breaking horses in the streets and singeing pigs in the main avenues of trade. He also pro- tested against keeping pigs alive in the streets "or tied to the doors," while he thought it advisable to put an end to the custom of allowing dead animals to lie for indefinite periods in the streets.
 There are about 100 journals pub lished in Portugal, the majority of these being of political nature, and many of them are owned by the lead cio ol tuc val iouo pOlltlOdl pditieS.
 It has been said that If Lisbon turns Turk tomorrow all Portugal will wear the turban,' so when the mon- archy was overthrown in 1910, after 100 persons had been killed and 500 wounded in the capital, King Manuel taking refuge in England, 1t was & matter of course that the rest of the nation would quietly acquiesce in the new order of things. Portugal today has much the same outward form of government as our own. Each par liament is supposed to last three years; senators are elected for six years and presidents for four years. The head of the government receives $20,000 a year. Money, however, is reckoned chiefly in reis, and, therefore, even day laborer's wages is sweet to the ear, for 1t takes 20 refs to make a penny.
 Portugals transcendant contribu- tion to world history was the coloniza- tion of Brazil, the largest nation in South America and the third largest in the Western hemisphere While Brazil was discovered by Columbus companion, Pinzon, and formal posses sion taken by him in the name of Spain, Cabral landed in 1500, year later. and proclaimed 1t Portuguese territory. Portugal settled the coun- try and ruled it until 1922 when, un- der the leadership of the Portuguese prince, Dom Pedro, independence from the mother county was declared. ment depends. in large measure. up on the nature of his home environ ment they believe that the child ought not to be handicapped in his de- velopment and education by the mis- fortunes or shortcomings of his pa rents; and they know that, if the school Is to accomplish its object, 1t must, in many instances, supply the deficiencies and counteract the inn proper tendencies of home training A very interesting instance of the tend ency to extend the influence of the public school is the policy, now in force in the schools of Los Angeles, of granting school credit for home chores done under the supervision of teachers and parents.-Thomas J. Davis, in Countryside Magazine.