davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-28
MYSTERY SHROUDS ACTIVITY 0F THE
 MILITARY COURTS
Bad Eggs Are Not the Ones Giving Most Trouble But Those Who Don't Un-
 derstand Discipline

London. May 20.-(Correspondence Of the Associated Press.)-The veil or se- crecy is nowhere deeper than over the doings of the court-martial. In one dlvis- ion of the French army, it is known that since the beginning of the war. the court martial has dealt with 315 cases. It has na ssed the death sentence on "A men, Of whom. however, only 15 were executed the other nine obtaining pardons or com mutations.
 An officer, attached to this division as permanent court official. has gwen to a correspondent of the Daily Mail some details of the workings of the tribunal. .eYou must remember" he said, that armies today are made up of men of all shades and colors of belief and creed. anarchists. republicans, royalists, athe- ists. and what not. Out of this material we have welded together an army the like of which the world has never seen.
 ''It is not, however, the bad eggs, of whom there are a few in every regiment, who give us trouble in the matter of desertion in the face of the enemy, but rather the better sort of fellows, who cannot understand the military neceS- sity of harsh discipline
 Our first court-martial in a case of this kind occurred fairly early in the war We were new to the business our selves, but it was fragrant breach. and to check it's repetition it had to be dealt with according to the rules of the war The man was duly tried and sen- tenced. went to his cell and read the death sentence to him. He listened without seeming to understand what had
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-28
Motor HOrse-AmbuIance
From the Popular Science Monthly

oiii liie Fopular Science Monthly,
 Dlffering from other previous types or motor ambulances for sick or dis. abled horses in that it is truck and trailer principle and not a self-contained Vehlcie, the latest unit in horse ambu- lances has low platform trailer into Wnlcn the horse may walk with ease or be hauled in on a special device if unable to stand up
 Ihe new equipment consists of one- ton motor truck and a trailer. the for ward end of which is supported on the truck The trailer has a specially low platform and a tail-gate which may he swung down to form bridge to enable the sick horse to walk Into the trailer body with ease. A second independent floor on rollers is provided in the trailer When the horse is so disabled that he cannot stand up. this platform is rolled out of the trailer and down the lowered tail-gate to the street. where the animal is securely bound to it with his head on a pillow to prevent injury The platform is then hauled into the trailer by means of steel cable in the gooseneck of the trailer-frame and revolved by a hand crank
 Two stanchions are provided at the center of the trailer at each side to SUD- port the ends of a canvas sling passed under the stomach of the horse to take the weight off his feet when one of his legs is injured.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-28

rom excessive pumping of the heart. due 10 abnormal mental stimulation in the form or worry, or continuous mental ar nervous strain.
 device for measuring blood pressura an ingenious instrument called a ''manom eter, has recently been perfected. The instrument records the pressure of the piood on a diaphragm dial very similar 10 a steam-gage dial. The scale is divided into milimeters.
 me apparatus, which is the invention or pr Thomas Rogers of Rochester. N T., IS one of the most important sursi- cal instruments devised in years. rank ing With the pulmotor, stethoscope. and ciiilical thermometer. Its operation is comparatively simple, but its reading TO- quires an expert. The best results arc optained when stethoscope is used in connection with it.
 An a1r-bag is first strapped on tbe suh- Jects s arm over the main artery and is Inflated with a bulb ttached to if Tbs operator then adjusts a stethoscope to bis ears ana finds the pulse The throbbins q ol tne pulse against the air-bag is com. llunlcated through a rubber tube to tba case containing the diaphragms unon ~ ~whlch Vibration is set up. These vi oratlons, which are synchronous with tnose or the pulse, are translated intn iniliimeters by the delicate needle of ths dial. oeuie oI tns
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-28

death is sent to the family soon after the execution as though the man died in
 action. Then three months later the fam fly receives a bill for 1255 francs ($2.50), the expenses of the execution. But Oth- erwise there is no publicity. The grave
 is not marked officially, but a record is
 kept, so that it will not be difficult to locate later on.
 Occasionally we have to deal with the case of a man who has become sick of the trenches, and thinks that the easiest way to get an honorable discharge is to
 wound himself, shoot off his trigger fin
 ger, or the like. This is a capital of fense in time of war, and is invariably so punished.
 "A recent case of this kind was that
 of young lieutenant who was married
 three days before the outbreak of the
 war. He was gallant soldier but after
 a few months he became homesick, and to
 get back to his wife was his one desire
 Months passed and he could not get leave, so he took matters in his own hands and drove a bullet through his left forearm. He did not stop to think | that it would soon be discovered that his wound was caused by a French bullet He was court-martialed and sentenced to be shot. l read the death sentence but few hours later a pardon reached us. But the lieutenant knew his duty and fell fighting in the field without ever seeing his wife again."
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-28

allied vessels were forbidden to carry goods to or from Britain.
 To make the boycott complete the Czar of Russia was enticed into the system, and accordingly, Britain's control of the sea routes might as well not exist as they led to no barbor worth using.
 Great Britain simply retalated by block ading the coast of Europe, and proceeded to await developments. Slowly but surely the pressure of sea power began to be felt.
 Europe began to clamor for the West Indian and Indian wares which clvlllza- tion has almost made one of life s neces- sities She began to clamor for the raw materials for her industries; she began to clamor for British wares which she was unable to produce and finally for the right to send her own goods, not only across the ocean, but from one coun- try to another by the cheaper method of water carriage.
 Gradually the European masses began to assert themselves, and every man, woman, and child became an amateur smuggler of British goods, and every British merchant blockade runner.
 The climax came when Napoleons own army for Russia had to be shod With British boots, as so low had public credit fallen that no European factory was strong enough to take the contract.
 The Russian nODleS coiiPoilou 'iio to hack out. While this blockade and hovcott existed they could not sell a frac- tion of the produce of their estates by which they lived, and at last their re- peated complaints compelled the Czar to give way.
 If one gap was allowed in the ring the whole Continental System crashed to the ground and Napoleon had perlorce to invade Russia, with murmurlng France and a mutinous Europe behind him, and the invasion ended in Moscow. Thus ended the last effort to render a sea powers control of the sea useless to it's mercantile marine.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-28
Killing Insects With C,.
From the Popular Science Mon+h,,

oii ehe ropular Science Monthly.
 fru1t growers of California who have long contended with insect pests are now employing a new method of killin. me pests, which is said to be exceed. imsly e1flcient Under the old system of spraylng the trees, the best result tbat couid be obtained under the, most flaw oraole conditions was the removal of rom So to S5 per cent of the insects Rv lumlgatlng the fruit trees with hydro cyanic gas, it is said that 100 per cent results are usually obtained
 A gas-making machine has been re. y eentiy placed at the disposal of the lruit growers, which mixes the comno- rent parts of the gas and liberates the Iumlgating gas in any desired ouanti. ties' In the employment of this ma. cnine, tent is placed over the tree wnlch IS about to be treated. By means or markings on the canvas the nl1mher or cuplc feet occupied by the tree is ac- curately measured. and the amount of gas to be employed is thus decided.
 The gas is liberated under the ten+ ana permeates the enclosed space thus iumlgating every branch and leaf of inc in1ected tree. The gas is held in the tent for about an hour, when all the ished pe'
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-28
What Blood Pressure Means

From the Popular Science Montnly.
 If for any reason the blood pressure is raised, the blood circulates more freely through the brain as well as through the other parts of the body, giving feeling of buoyancy and confidence The man who is working at a terrific rate, however, must have high blood pres' sure but if continued above safe nor nal point, it will result in the burn ing up'' of his vital forces, resulting in many organic as well as nervous dis orders.
 High blood pressure does not always mean one and the, same unalterable thing. It may be a sign that the ar teries have stiffened to such an extent that the heart is taxed to pump the neces- sary volume of blood through the arteries and with sufficient speed. It may mean an improper condition of the blood itself viscosity-the old-fashioned thick blood" come to life again as a reputable sci entific fact. It may mean that the heart has become too big for it's job, as when an athletes heart,' trained to push a big stream of blood, keeps on trying to do so when the demands of office work do not require it. It may also result
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-28
Continued from Page Two)

E. J. Berry, MT. and Mrs. Will Berry, MT. and Mrs. H. A. Darden.
 MT. and Mrs. w. N. Griffin were hosts on Monday evening in honor of the Sigma Pnu fraternity and their friends. During the evening the party motored to the Louis V. Clark home above East Lake, where the grounds were arranged for picnic. A tempting lunch was served to the members of the fraternity and also the following guests: Miss Rosa Bancroft, Miss Martha Truss, Miss Lois Waiting ton, Miss Louise French, Miss Lillian Powell, Miss Carolyn Hill, Miss Erin Bernhard, Miss Lois Scandrett, Miss Estelle Hill and Mrs L. A. Keene.
 reception was held on Tuesday aft ernoon at Howard college in honor of the commencement visitors During the hours from to 6 o'clock all the fra ternity halls were open, with commit tees welcoming the guests. Dr. J. M. Shelburne and the faculty formed the re- ceiving line in the college building, Mrs. M. L. Harris in Regro hall and the pretty co-eds served punch on the spacious lawn. More than 100 guests called.
 The Camp Fire girls enjoyed an out ing to Queenstown with the following chaperons Mrs. D. G. Meadow, Mrs John Coffey, Rev. and Mrs. R. E. Tyler and Mrs. J. H. Ryan. The party motored out In the early evening and had supper served from real campfire on the lake shore returning by moonlight Twenty young people were in the party.
 MT. and Mrs. J. F. Simmons of Jasper are with MT. and Mrs. l.. A. Keene
 Mrs. J. c. Lee of Charlotte, N. C., is visiting Mrs Houston Taylor.
 Miss Alena Hunt is at home after at- tending Judson college.
 MT. Leon Ridley of Murphresbooro is the guest of Dr. and Mrs. H. H. Nibbs
 MT. Earl Wheeler is at home after spending sometime in Knoxville, Tenn
 Miss Daisy Cosgray of Waynesburg, Pa, is visiting Mrs. George c. Davis
 Mrs, N. A. Barrett will entertain the Alexahder Stephens chapter Daughters Of the Confectionery, on next Friday aft ernoon at the lake
 Miss Grace Graddici1 of Athens, Ga, IS the guest of Mrs. Y. l.. Senn
 Miss Irene Peerson of Leeds is visit ing her friends in East Lake.
 Mrs. D. E. McKinely will spend several I weeks in Meridian, Miss, visiting rela- tives.
 Col A. w. Bell of Anniston was the guest for the week. of Prof. and Mrs A. D. Smith.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-28
PrStecting Birds

From the Popular Science Monthly
 Societies for the protection of birds have insisted with particular empha sis that central station managers should provide suitable safeguards to prevent the electrocution of birds which perch or high tension wires. These endeavors have generally been welcomed by the power companies, not because they pity the birds, but because short circuits might be produced and great damage caused. The arcs produced through the body of bird, between the line and grounded iron parts, are a serious men, ace for electric plants. Punctuation in voltage is caused and worse still may happen if two birds should produce short circuits. For this reason the sys- tenn described in the Popular Scinece Monthly for June was evolved by one of the large German electric companies.
 In order to prevent the production of electric arcs between a grounded pole arm and live conductors, an insulating button is fixed wherever there is a risk of such bridging. These insulating but tons are either pointed or flat. A bird can perch upon them with impunity. Such arrangements will be welcomed by all bird lovers.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-28
Why Sea Power Wins

From PearSon's Weekly
 Land power consists in the occupation or the enemys territory, accompanied by the seizure of his roads and railways so that his daily existence becomes in, tolerable and he has perforce to give way. A vivid, if tragic, example of this method or warfare is daily before us in the German occupation of Belgium.
 ne essence of sea power lies in the control of the highways of the ocean. me lne sea power forbids his enemy to use them, and keeps them completely for his own use and that of his friends. As water carriage is the cheapest and most commodious, and in these days of inter- national trade is vital to national ex 1stence, it stands to reason that a power that can use it with comparative inn munlty must in the long run bring to it's knees power that cannot get a bag of wheat across the ocean.
 The proof of the silent pressure of sea power is found in Germanys declaration. but few months after war began, thai her people are making drastic food econ- omies.
 Those who may feel unduly depressed by the loss through submarines of one or two cargoes of goods occasionally, would do well to turn back to the far more serious effort of Napoleon Ito conquer the sea by the land," when it was not case only of the loss of a portion of British vessels a day-but in the total exclusion from every European port not only by British vessels, but of British goods car ried in neutral bottoms
 After Jena and Austerlitz Napoleon was master of Europe up to the borders of Russia, and unable to get control of the sea himself he accordingly determined to render Britain's sea power but a useless sham, and to prevent her putting it to any substantial or abiding use. To do this he imposed on Europe what he called the Continental System"
 It was series of rules whereby British vessels were forbidden to put into a European port, and whereby neutral or
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-28
taken place and that he was condemned

taken place and that he was condemned to die.
 That night I instructed an officer to call forta firing squad. Our firing squads are always composed of volunteers, F men. Not a man volunteered for that task. We had to commander a squad. The prisoner was marched out at dawn, stood quietly facing the levelled rifles. and died without faltering. I am sure he never realized the gravity of his offense. But war is war
 Now it is different. The men know the value of discipline know that a breach may endanger the lives of many comrades or even the safety of France, and though breaches of this kind still occur, they are met in a different spirit, and now when I call for firing squad, 50 men at once volunteer
 "Is the family notified that a man has been eXecuted?" asked the interviewer.
 Yes and no,' the officer replied. "The French code is peculiar. Notification of
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-28
Dickens and Women's Clubs
From the Christian Science Monitor

There is a certain connection between Dickens and the origin of the "women's club" movement in the United States which will interest his admirers. Tke New York Press club in 1868 ventured to give dinner to him and to exclude all women workers on the newspapers of the city. The affront was felt keen ly. It led straightway to the organiza- ton of women's club called Sorosis of which the chief members were press women. among them Jennie June Cro'y, Kate Field and Alice and Phoebe Cary The success of Sorosis was such. and its influence in expanding the range of women's interest and influence was so marked that it once had imitators.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-28
Her Proposal

George" she began, "as it is leap year"
 The young man started and turned pale.
 "As it is leap year." she continued, and you have been calling regularly nowj four nights a week for long, long time, George, I propose"
 I'm not in position to marry on my salary" George broke in hurriedly.
 Exactly, George" the girl pursued, and so, as it is leap year. propose that you lay off and give some of the more eligible boys a chance"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-28

prehension. In series of splendid letters from all over the country mothers tell of the great help Mothers Friend" was to them
 Even grandmothers tell the wonderful story to their own daughters about to enter the state of motherhood. Get bottle of "Aioth
 CTS Friend" today of your nearest druggist
 Use this splendid help with your own land guided by your own mind. For a free book of interest and importance to all r,others Bldg, Atlanta, Ga. It relates the personal experiences of many happy mothers, it tells many things that all women should be fa- miliar with; it is at once a guide and ap inspiration. Write for this book. s.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-28

expected arrival of a
 baby. But in the mean time the comfort of the mother is of vast importance. There is a splendid external rem edy known as Moth CTS Friend" which ex- erts a wonderful infu- ence upon the expand ing muscles. They be- come more pli mt, stretch without undue pain. make the period one of pleasant antic- fDatiOn inSterd cf an
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-28
The Coming Baby!
 Hooray! Hooray!

Nothing else can so completely endea, us to the present and the future as the
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-28
Robertson--GuE

announce the engage Marie MT Counbus
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-28
Earvev-Watef's

H. Waters announce the approa
  June P
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-28
W-Mitchell

engage Mir. of wedding take place the latter part of June
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-28
Hare-Jordan
Eubank- k-Broadnax

Mrs Henry Weiss MT Frank Leslie Eanes the wedding take
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-28

of Florence announces the engagement approachin hter, Willie T., to MT. Thomas E. Harlow of Nashville take place at the country home of the bride 2
Arizona republican., 1916-04-15
Paving the Way for a Retreat?

Either the government had been given some in- tmation that note would be received from Carranza or else the recent publication by th- administration of the purpose of the expedition evidently in anticipation of the failure it. embodened Ca rranza to make demand for the withdrawal of the American troops. The following from the Rochester Democrat Chronicle week before the demand was made upon government is not without interest Under the caption, "Preparns to Retreat" the Dem ocrat- Chronicle said:
 The energy with which the administration dis claims having sent American troops into Mexico to capture Villa raises an unpleasant suspicion that the way is being paved for the announcement of another reversal of policy. We invaded Mexico soil once be- fore, it will be recalled, for the purpose making Huerta salute the flag" The flag saluted. The American forces were in time withdrawn. More than year notified Germany that should hold her to strict accountability for the in which submarine warfare was conducted The threat diSregarded. We have made word good.
 With the knowledge of these humiliating incidents in his mind the American citizen is be If he takes alarm the possibility that the tempt to maintain dignity in the eyes of the world may end in fiasco. The official text of the orders to General Funston after Villa made his raid into American territory has been published, particular tenton being called the point that they do not in- volve taking actual possession of the person of Villa The work of the troops it is stated will be regarded finished Villas band or bands known be broken up"
 The wording here is vague that almost any n- depreciation could be put upon suit the conven- fence of the administration. It might be argued that Villas bands already have been broken up that the object of the expedition has been accom- plished. But it remains to be whether the Amer iCan people would be satisfied with such outcome straw There are limits beyond which it would be dangerous to try public patience patient Americans have been under policy of backing and filling that has lowered prestige the eyes of the world al- most to the vanishing point
Arizona republican., 1916-04-15
MORNING DELIGHTS

How sweet to awaken in the morn, When sunbeams first begin to creep Across the lea. and then to Right back again and go to sleep
 Youngstown Telegram. How sweet to rouse at l d. m. And bid long farewell to sumber; And fall across d chair to tell Some chump he's calling the wrong number
 Houston Post How sweet to waken in the morn Without one bit of fear doubt, And then to quickly realize The furnace fire is all but
 -Asr,abua Star How sweet to waken in the For column men what greater bliss Than browsing through the news, find A filler that's as long this
 Birmingham Ala. Age Herald.
Arizona republican., 1916-04-15
FINANCES and MARKETS
Republican A. p. Leased Wirel

NEW YORK. April l4 (Wall Street ne shadows of the European and Mexican situations hang over the stock market again today. causing further liquidation and cncoura ging tie trading element to extend it's op- eratlons for the short account As the session progressed, however. sen ttment became more hopeful and buy Ing orders which appeared to eman- ate from substantial sources effected very decided readjustment In fact various active shares finished at ma terial net gains
 The first hours operations of almost ''oo,O00 shares comprised more than the usual variety of issue, but MeXi- can Petroleum. United States Steel ana Crucible Steel led the decline of that period. Mexican Petroleum was the center of weakness, making an extreme loss O. 3h at 99% but clos ing at 10l 3s. War shares. motors and half score of equipments were down to points and United States Steel fen to S2 before it rcbounded t0 { S31s.
 Rails again proved an exception to | the lowering trend
 High priced specialtics were among ! the few issues to hold back in the later dealings Bethlehem Steel falling , to 469 and General Motors 10 to il0 Grucihle sustained the market at it's steady close.
 Total sales of stocks amounted to G43,000 shares.
 Indifference to the course of foreign exchange was again manifest in all l but international banking circles. | Indications of the prevalence of cX- ] traorGinary business activity were against afforded by the enormous bank exchanges, although these were somewhat under recent records The annual statement of the Ray Consoli- dated Copper Company supplemented recent reports of large earnings by similar companies and the Western Union Telegraph company disclosed a net gain of $14S4i6t for the first quarter of the current year
 Bonds made slight concessions Nin speculative issues on light dealings. Total sales par value were $2. 755. 900.
 United States bonds were un- changed on call