davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-12-26
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perfect clock Is one that may be
regulated 10 have a constant rate, not
necessarily one that has no rate, and
a standard clock Is never regulated so
long as Its rate Is reasonably small.
The Naval Observatory has four time
pieces, known as Riesler clocks, which
II not perfect are as nearly so as
man has SO far been able to make
them.
Three OF these are kept in a vault
where the temperature is practically
constant at 81 degrees Fahrenheit.
The clocks are enclosed In very heavy
bell Jars from which some air Is
pumped. AS the change In tempera-
ture Is very small the pressure on the
inside of the Jars remains practically
constant. and this contributes much
to the uniformity Of the rate.
The winding of these clocks Is per-
formed automatically by an electric
magnetic attachment which functions
automatically about every thirty Sec
onds. The total variation in the daily
rate Of one of these perfectly rated
seconds. With so nearly perfect q
rate the Naval Observatory may be
trusted to tell Uncle Sans citizens
to the exact fraction Of a second whsn
the New Year makes It's entrance upon
the stage Of time.
The fourth Of these Riesler sidereal
chronometers Of almost faultless ac-
curacy has its place in the time-signal
room In the Naval Observatory. It is
connected by an electrical device with
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-12-26

taaoas Massachusetts, nterati which
numbered merson as its leading
light lie was graduate of Harvard
though It was said that he was far
from beinb a distinguished scholar,
A close student OF Greek and Of the
earlier English, he became familiar
with much OF the classic literature
which was afterwards to exert It's in
hHonee on his own style.
lie lived with Emerson for two
years before he moved 10 hts famous
cabin near Wals.en Pond. 1t is said
TO nature where he attempted to dem
onstrate that men could live without
the luxurjes Of civiliza ton has been
much mlsinterpreted: he did how
ever, embark upon this exporimen
to show that men are better for living
simply.
His literary life began with his
diary in 1867 and with poems pub
iished in the following year The
only two volumes that he published
were; Week on the Concord and
Merrtnac Rivers" and "Waldon": the
latter Is now regarded as a classic
and in 1t lies Thoreau's chief claim
TO fame.
An English Literary Light, George
Henry Lcwcs.
In the same year that Thoreau was
born IN America, George Henry Iewe
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-12-26
Events of a Hundre3
Years Ago Which Hav
Their c entennialin19l7
Few Illustrious Births
Periodical Literature
Received Its Impetus In
1917.
BY Dora Sin1pkins.

T is the custorl Of man TO hold IN
tender memory those events OF
the worlds history which have
been epochal: and &c celebrate the
birth of nlustrious mon whose lives
have made lasting mark on clviliza-
ton.
With the greatest NJ interest. one
draws back the curtain Of a hundred
years to behold the happenings that
will celebrate their hundredth an.
niversary during the New Year Of
1877. Such happenings are always
manifold each New Year. II seems.
claims larger percentage Of the sign
..osts that have marked tho forward
stride of civilization, 1917 was not
without It's red letteg days: famous
men were born during this year and
Interesting deeds were accomplished +;
the coming twelve months is plenti-
fully supplied with centennial dates.
One OF the most interesting births
10 be celebrated. and indeed the most
Interesting birth on the entire Amer
lean list. is that of Henry David
Thoreau. the naturalist author.
Thoreau. whose birth occurred on
July II. 1917. was native OF Con
.rord. He belonged 70 the group OF
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-12-26

cast in the ether represent the beats
OF the transmitting clock at the Naval
Observatory. They are free to any
one who wishes to reach out with
antennae and extract enough of their
energy to operate wave detector,
The war vessel in mid-ocean with. its
perfected apparatus and the Missouri
farm lad with his crude home made
instrument may catch the noon or
the night signal as 1t Is flashed from
Father Time" the sidereal clock at
the Naval Observatory at Washing
ton.
Measuring Time.
The uniform rotation of the earth
on its axis is taken as the basis OF
measurement of time. One usually
thinks of the sun in connection with
the length of day; but all solar DAYS
that Is, the interval Of time between
successive transits of the sun over the
neridian--are not equal, because of
the fact that the earth Is travelling
IN its orbit around the sun in such
manner as to make the latter appear
to be constantly changing its posi-
tons in the heavens, but not at a
uniform angular rate as measured on
the celestial equator.
In order to have uniform stand
ard, astronomers have imagined a sun
called the mean sum-" which travels
at a uniform rate making a complete
circuit in the plane Of the celestial
equator in the same time that the real
sun makes the circuit in the plane of
the ecliptic. The time which our or
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-12-26

States Naval Observatory in sending
the time by wireless throughout the
world was inaugurated in April. 1913
Naval Observatory sent its first New
Year time-m essage throughout the
world. on that occasion about five
minutes before midnight a series of
BLUSH flashes from the top OF the
tallest OF the three gigantic towers
crowninc the Arlington hills marked
the beginning of the experiment which
the Naval Observatory was making
to notify the world OF the birth of the
New Year in the Capital of the United
States
This New Year signal covered the
greater part of the North Atlantic
Ocean, extended south to the Gulf Of
Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. was
caught in Panama and reached as we'll
across the whole continent and be-
yond. as far as the Hawaiian Islands
The Naval Observatory at Washing
ton sends out to all who care to re-
ceive 1t within a radius OF several
thousand miles its time signals twice
daily at 5 minutes before noon and
again at 955 at night
This second signal was inaugurated
after the establishment Of the power
full radio station at Arlington. as the
carrying power OF radio signals is
much greater at night than in the
day time; and they may be heard
then at great distances both upon sea
and on land.
These Hertzian waves sent broad
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-12-26

binary clocks are supposed to keep is
that represented by this mean, or
fictitious sun. and. II observations are
made on the sun for time, allowance
must be made for this fact
Although the rotation of the earth
Is really the standard by which time
is taken the stars are usually taken by
astronomers for determining correct
time. 1t does not suffice, however, to
take any stars. Only those stars
whose positions are very accurately
known are used for this purpose.
They are Familiarity known as
CLOCK stars" and the grounds about
the Naval Observatory are dotted with
small buildings enclosing the instru-
ments which are frequently turned
upon these o'clock stars" Many thou
sands of observations are made each
year to keep the time of the Nation
accurate to within a hundredth OF a
second.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-12-26
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Father OF Wilhclmina OF Holland

Father OF Wilhclmina OF Holland
Born.
One of the most illustrious foreign
births TO take place in the year 1917
was that of William III of the Neither
lands. King william was born at
Brussels on February 10. He was
married to Sophia. the daughter of
the King OF Wurttemberg and though
they had two sons. both died. un-
married. The decease OF the younger
Prince Alexander, in whom the hopes
of an heir were placed. left the house
of Orange without a direct male sue
cessor. The prospect of disputed
succession was averted by William
through his marriage with the
Princess Emma. From this union a
daughter Wilhelmina. the present
queen. was born in 1880. and sue
ceeded to the throne OF Holland on
her fathers death November %. 1890.
Aleksei Tolstoi Is the most famous
Russian, whose birth date will be cele-
brated within the coming year on Au-
gust "a. Though this Count Tolstoi
was q famous writer he is not to be
confused with the great Count Leo
Tolstoi, known as Russia's universal
genius. Aleksei Tolstoi held a high
position at court and distinguished
himself by writing a novel. Prince
Serbrianyi which presents a vivid
story of one of the most striking
periods Of Russian history. As n lyric
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-12-26
Signaling the Exact Moment of the Birth of the New
: Year From i. S. Naval Observatory - The
:. Radio Station At Arlington and Its Part
= In Ushering In the New Year.

Ere Is just one spot in the
~ Eastern portion OF the United
- States where II is known TO the
one-hundredth part OF a second
NsANn the tired Old Year slips silently
00x&nd the New Year as silently takes
SHpiace. And that spot is IN the
Aa2fed States Naval Observatory, on
OF Washington. D. C.
-Aere the time is given out twice
NA1E the year round. for the whole
United States east OF the Rocky Noun
And from there. too. comes
&no~Axact moment OF the birth OF the
~ Year. And now. II seems these
g3zignais OF Uncle Sans are being
<1eerfered within mild fashion-by
yksgar in Europe.
4 nring the past few years great
1opEaents have been made along
Ane OF signaling time. and II Is
- to say that ten thousand clocks
let to correct time daily when the
Ter clock in the signalling room
s1Ae Naval Observatory sends its
signal flashing across the wires.
- evolution OF wireless teiegraphy
eorked wonders for time accuracy
oghout the world. and the prin-
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-12-26

cipal nations were IN the act OF max
ing arrangements for across-seas time
signals in the way OF experiments
with flashing the time from con-
tinent TO continent when the war put
an end tc international work along
this line. So this year the exact mo-
ment OF the birth of the New Year
will not be flashed round the world
and back again"
For some time previous to the war
the Naval Observatory at Washington
and the observatory at Paris had been
sending signals to each other, using
the Arlington radio station on this side
and the Eiffel Tower abroad In a cam
paign to determine the difference OF
longitude between the two places and
the propulsion of radio signals
through space, In one instance the
beats OF the Paris time clock, as
transmitted by radio signals, were
compared with the Washington clocks
for some minutes by the method of
Condolences.
Its First New Year Time Message.
This cooperation OF the radio sta
ton at Arlington with the United
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-03-16
DEMANDS SUNDAY LID
TO KEEP WALDORF DRY
Anti-SaI0on Secretary Charges
MANY Violations.

Patrons Of the Waldorf-Astors will
be compelled to quench their Sunday
thirsts on soft drinks in future or seek
refreshmcnt elsewhere if the State
Commissioner Of Excise carries out the
demands made upon him yesterday by
officials Of the Anti-Saloon League.
William II. Anderson, state superin-
tendent Of the league, yesterday for
warded letter TO George l.. Green,
Commissioner of Excise, in which was
contained the affidavit of a detective.
It is charged that drinks had been sold
AZ the Waldorf astoria last Sunday not
only in violation Of the excise law, but
at a time of the day when liqour could
not legally be sold even with dinner
I'm an accompanying explanation, MI.
Anderson says that the only recourse
of the excise official now is TO compel
tho big hotels 90 obey the law. cause
the revocation OF their liquor licenses
or admit that he does not intend 10 en-
force the law. Moreover. Mr. Anderson
says that the law IL not 20 be enforced
against the small saloon owner, who
usually owes the brewer rs much as
his place is worth. while the owners Of
the big downtown hotels continue TO
do a nourishing business in violation Of
the law.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-03-16
VILLAS DEEDS FAULT
OF WILSON, SAYS LODGE
Caused by Neglect to Enforce
American Rights. He Asserts.

Boston, March 1.-THE recent kill
ing OF American men, the outraging Of
American women and the invasion Of
American soil, with its consequent ma
tonal humiliation. have happened be-
cause this administration has not stood
from the beginning for the protection
Of American rights" Senator Lodge de-
clared at the annual banquet Of the
Massachusetts Trust Company Associs-
tion tonight.
1--WE seek no conquests." ne CON
tinued; eve aim az no foreign ventures,
but We should intend that our rights
be maintained and that the right TO
protection Of every American, no mat
ter where he is-on land or sea be
enforced II we neglect this it is but
an invitation 20 foreign countries 20
violate them
As indicating 20 some extent "our
absolute defencelessness" Senator
Lodge said: "Our conditions Of mobil-
ization are evident in the fact that ~
took week TO send force into Mexico
20 pursue that murderer Villa" lie
characterized this as "a painful spec
fqcle a"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-03-16
Carranza Consul Calls
for Munitions Held Up

Douglas. kriz.. March Is Ives g..
Lelevier. Carranza consul here. de
manded to-day that the local express
agent turn over to him 100000 cart
ridges consigned to General J. tiias
Gales and ordered held last night by
the American military authorities. The
request was refused.
Consul Lelevier telegraphed 70 Eleslo
Arrendondo. representative OF the de
facto government AZ Washington. ask
ing him 10 obtain permission OF Presi-
dent Wilson for delivery Of the car
tridges. The consul said General Gales
had been instructed by General Aware
Oregon. Carranza's Minister Of war,
to cooperate with American troops in
pursuit Of Villa and that he could not
do so without this ammunition.
After receipt Of General Obregon's
order Gales sent instructions to all his
subordinates TO aid the American sol
Giers in every possible way.
Colon Duto Campbell. commanding a
nying cavalry column OF 300 mon. tele-
eraphed General Gales last night that
the American commander at Lang
ranch he'd informed him that Villa WAS
headed for Las Chineneas canyon and
Ojitos pass, intending 20 enter Sonora.
Colonel Campbell said he vas starting
AZ once for the western slope Of the
Oiitos mountains and that Colonel
Morelos was guarding the town OF
Oiitos
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-03-16
FRESH EGGS CHARM
MADONNA OFF CANVAS
Wife Stops Posing Long Enough
to Win Flock of Chickens.

Long Island City's Madonna"
stepped out OF the canvas on which she
is being further immortalized yester-
day just long enough TO cause the ar
rest Of her husband, Peter Schlaene, on
a charge OF abandonment and 20 insist
that she be awarded possession OF a
flock OF chickens that are providing
eggs for the child of the masterpiece.
Yes, my wife is up there posing at
Joseph Meyers studio at IL Steinway
Avenue. posing for a Madonna and
Child or something like that. when
she ought to be home sewing buttons
on ny pants" said the indignant hus-
band. There's too blamed much art
and not enough cooking in our house"
ITS to be wonderful masterpiece,
your honor" Mr.. Meyer explained 70
Magistrate Conway. THE mother and
child All, They arc wonderful"
The magistrate directed Schaene 20
pay $3.50 "a week TO support his wife.
and. over the vehement protests Of the
husband. told him the contested flock
of chickens should remain in the Gus
tody Of his wife, along with any cggs
they might produce. Even Madonnas
and the plump, round children they
usually exhibit in paintings. neeG fresh
eggs, he saia.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-03-16
u. S. TO USE ARM0RED
AEROPLANES IN FUTURE
New Machines To Be Plated I'M
derneath, Report Says.

San Diego, March l5.-If new aero
squadrons are organized for service
they will be equipped with srmored
aeropIanes, according to word received
from Washington to-day at the Army
Aviation School here.
Aeroplanes TO be supplied TO the War
Department hereafter, il was said. were
10 be fitted underneath with thick
plate of steel 20 protect the pilot, OBJ
server and engine from rifle or shrapnel
fire. The new machines will be Of the
same type as those which American
manufacturers are sending TO Europe
for the French and British flying corps.
Military aeroplaufs ordered by the
War Department will be Of two types,
according TO the Washington advlces.
One type will have speed Of ninety
miles an hour and will carry two pas
sengcrs The other will be capable OF
living ~ a rate Of ninety-fve miles an
hour. carrying pilot. observer and bomb
thrower. Provision will be made on
the latter class of machines for the in
stallation Of machine guns on nova
Bile base
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-03-16
MEXICAN SERVICE
SPURS RECRUITING
Middle West Offices Crowded
Chicago Uses Band.

Washington. March l5-Reports from
all parts Of the country describe the
opening OF many additional recruiting
Offices. Hundreds Of applications to
enlist have already been received. Con-
trary 10 some folks theories, recruit
ing so far seems TO be going faster in
the Middle West than in New England.
Banners inscribed Help Catch Villa
ard brass band are 20 be used TO aid
recruiting I'm Chicago. The campaign
in that city and in neighboring places
I'm Northern Illinois and Wisconsin has
already resulted in five hundred men
applying for enlistment. Rural mail
carriers will distribute circulars in the
country districts regarding enlistment.
The Toledo Office reports sixty-three
applicants accepted yesterday. Nine
teen have been sent 70 the Columbus
barracks for instruction.
Applications for enlistment in Phil
adeiphia have doubled since the stu
alton along the Mexican border became
serious.
Only three recruits, on the other
hand. have been accepted in Boston
since Sunday.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-03-16

wsrlike aspect At the west Of town,
the 9th and 10th Infantry regiments
sprang to their feet, TO the east the
18th Cavalry and the 4th Field Artil
icry bounded into position.
Headed by the cowboy scouts, SLOUGH
ing lszily in their range saddles, the
cavalry took the lead. When 1t had
rolled out into file Of four abreast, the
infantry broke into squads and moved
into line. BY this time the dust vas
rising in clouds with the advance OF
the first Of the column, light breeze
carrying it like mist TO the westward
Tho field artillery, with It's shout
ing guide riders, and its cheering gan
ners and carriage men, unfolded into
n long ribbon Of rafting. noisy sd
vance. The wagon train with its long
cared. sturdy mules. followed. Came
then the headquarters staff, General
Pershing and his aides and the mill
tsrv Office force riding their chargers
md after the long lines Of automo-
hues and wagons Of the quarter
masters. aero, signal and field tele-
graph departments.
II took more than an hour for the
force 10 pass through the international
gate. ,
sightseers from Deming' swarmed
into Columbus with the carly morn
ing 10 watch the start.
General Pershing's Stan.
For military reasons the personnel
OF General Pershing's organization was
withheld, bu, the formation OF his
staff was announced as follows;
Chief Of staff, Lieutenant Colonel De
Roscy CabeI, 10th Cavalry; adju'snt.
Major John L. Hines. adjutant general
Of sth Brigade: assistant chief Of staff,
CAPTAIN Wilson y. Burtt. 20th Infantry;
intelligence officer, Colonel Lucien u.
Berry. 4th Field Artillery; quarter
master. Major John +. Madden, quar-
termasters' corps; surgeon at base
Lieutenant Colonel Euclid +. Frick.
medical corps; commander OF base
Major William z. Sample, goth In
fantrv; aides, Lieutenant James l..
Collins, 18th Cavalry. and Lieutenant
Martin c. Shallenberger, 18th Infantry;
surgeon. Major Jereb Clayton; eng
neer. Major Lyttle Brown, signal OH
Ger, Captain Hanson B. Black.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-03-16
HER SUICIDE NOT FOR LOVE
Wifes Death Act Ruled Out of Aliena-
ton SUIT.

Justice Finch yesterday ordered
stricken from the complaint of Charles
F.. Eckel. automobile tire manufacturer
in a suit for 100000 against Max Hart,
theatre owner and producer, for allena-
ton oil the affections of Mrs. Eckel, the
allegation that the latter committed
suicide because of her love for Hart.
Mrs. Eckcl was known on the stage
"a Clara lingo. Eckcl alleges that on
promises by Hart that he would make
her star his wife left him.
Hart asked the court to strike out
the Objectionable paragraph OF the
complaint. end in granting the motion
Justice Finch said that il appeared that
the acts Of Hart were not the cause Of
Mrs. Eckeis death. but that she took
her life 10 end her troubles.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-03-16
SERBIAN ORPHAN" BOY
CLAIMED BY FATHER
Mothers Suicide from Greek
Liner Caused by Toothache.

Borivoi Savitch, the four-year-old
Serbian boy whose mother jumped
overheard when the loannina, Of the
Greek Line. was of the coast Of Sicily.
does not require adopted parents be
cause his father was not killed in bat
tie, but has been waiting IN New York
for his wife and son TO return from
visit 20 their relatives. He Is George
Ssvitch. of $40 East Seventeenth Street
and went 10 Ellis Island and claimed
his son yesterday.
Borivoi speaks Serbian end some
Greek, having been taught the latter
by Mrs. Dionissopulu, from Athens.
who mothered him after his parents
suicide. Borivoi will soon be sent TO a
kindergarten 20 learn English
Mr.. Ssvitch read the story of his
wife's death in a newspaper. and i'm
mediately consulted the Serbian Con
sui General. Professor VI. |. Pupin. i43
West Twenty Street. who went
with him to Ellis Island. Mr.. Savitch
said that his wife, according to fellow
passengers, was suffering from such
painful tooth trouble that il must have
affected her reason. lie has been in
America six years. Borivoi was born
here.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-03-16
M0RGENTHAU IN LIBEL SUIT
Religious Teacher who Lost job Asks
$4,000.

Ambassador Henry Morgenthau was
sued yesterday in the Supreme Court
by Eugene H. Lehman for $4,000 dam
eges on an allegation Of libel. The
plaintiff, writer. lecturer and teacher.
was the director Of religious educa-
ton prior to September q. 1912. in the
Free Synagogue, of which Mr. Morgen-
thau Is president. He was dismissed on
the above date.
The alleged libel consists OF state
mcnt made by the Ambassador 10 THE
American Hebrew" In which Mr.
Iorgeuihau is quoted as saying that
Mr. Lehman was grossly dislOyai" and
that plaintiff had failed TO take ad-
vantage Of an opportunity 20 explain
the accumulation Of evidence of his
disloyalty, alike In the work and To it,
leader"