davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1916-01-09
BALKAN ARENA.
Chronological Events.
SUNDAY.

SUNDAY.
Montenegrins report occupation OF
vloka and repulses for enemy at Rozai,
near Rogovo.
Austrians occupy PLAYA.
Reports heard that Greece will de-
clare martial law January Is.
Thirty allied transports reported to
have arrived in the Gulf of Orfano.
Bulsars reported to be loath to at
tack Saloniki. Austro-Ge-man attack
reported ordered.
MONDAY.
Austrians report rout of Montenegrins
near Moyflovac
Bulgars reported to be showing dis
satisfaction at German domination.
TUESDAY.
Montenegrins report recapture of po-
sition at Bogiavac.
Bulgarian forces reported to have pill
frontier.
WEDNESDAY.
Greece protests against arrest of Gre
clan subjects at Saloniki.
Montenegrins claim general repulses
for Austrian forces.
THURSDAY.
Austrians claim progress north of De-
ranc and west of Rozaj in Montenegro.
FRIDAY.
Austrians claim to have forced Monte
negrins from their positions near MOI
kOvac on the Taia river, near Goduso
ard west OF RoZaj.
Evening star., 1916-01-09
RehabiIitated Armies of the
Car Wage Terrific Often
sive Battles in East.
ADVANCES ARE MARKED
BY TREMENDOUS LOSSES
Present Fighting May Have Far
Reaching Effect on Future
Military Movements.

military way are asking why the al
lies in the west do not move forward.
The reported arrest of more than one
thousand subjects of Germany. Austria,
Turkey and Bulgaria. including their
consuls. at Saloniki has brought ac-
tion in the Balkan arena closer, IL is
declared The Germans and their al
lies have made determined protest to
Greece. and it is declared that Berlin
has gone even so far as to hold the
Athens government responsible for the
action of the allied military command
ers. In some circles IL is said this will
be taken as pretext for launching an
attack against the allies at Saloniki
over Grecian soil. The Germans and
Bulgarians have so far respected Gre
clan territory, ii being feared that the
activities of Bulgarian troops would be
resisted by the Grecian army. Inas-
much as the Germans have been forced
to withdraw great forces to the Rus
sian line. it is declared that the forces
operating against the allies at Saloniki
will be composed chiefly of Turks and
Bulgarians.
Should this be true, Greece's decision
Will come almost at once. for 1t is de-
clared that King Constantine doubts
his ability to hold his people in check
once the Bulgars trespass on Grecian
territory. His people feel that Grecian
Macedonia never would be surrendered
by the Bulgarians. despite their prom
ises to this effect. King Constantine
is reported to be rapidly turning to-
ward the allies, Notwithstanding his
vigorous protest at various entente ac-
ttvftfes at Saloniki. 1t is claimed that
he has repeatedly asked Premier Veni-
zelos to once more assume the leader
ship of the governmnet in order that
he may handle future events AS it
was the king who twice brought about
Venizelos' fall because of his pro-ally
sympathies. his recent requests of the
former premier are significant i'm the
extreme.
Bulgarfans who two weeks ago with
drew from the Grecian frontier have
once more moved to the border line, ac-
cording to dispatches, and an attack
on Saloniki is considered proba BILE
within the next few days.
General quiet has prevailed over prac-
tically the whole of all other war are
mas. such engagements as have been
fought being of isolated character.
Evening star., 1916-01-09
AUSTRO-ITALIAN ARENA.
Chronological Events.
SUNDAY.

SUNDAY.
Italians report repulse of Austrian
attacks near Mon Val Lagarina, in the
Col de Lana, and on Rambon slopes.
Austrian fliers lombard Marso Val
Lagarina and Borgo Val Lugana.
MONDAY.
Austrian airmen drop bombs on slopes
of Ala.
Italian trench north of die captured
by Austrians.
Austrian aeros attempt raid on
Verona.
TUESDAY.
Hand-grenade and bomb fighting on
Dobreido plateau.
Austrian artillery shells enemy sheds
at Ajax.
WEDNESDAY.
Italian artillery fire forces enemy re-
tirement in Monte Croce and Cadore
zones.
Several Austrian trenches reported
destroyed in Carnia zone.
Italians report repulse of enemy at
tack on Monte San Michele.
Austrians report repulse of enemy at
tack north of Dole.
Austrian fiiers drop bombs on Ala and
Strigno.
Italians in surprise attack occupy
enemy position at San Giovanni.
THURSDAY.
Italians claim destruction or new
enemy works near Malborgetti.
Austrian repulses at Tolmino bridge
head reported from Rome.
Austrians report repulse OF repeated
Evening star., 1916-01-09
WESTERN ARENA.
Chronological Events.
SUNDAY

MIA
Germans claim capture of French
trench south of HartmannsW Weilerkopf.
British lombard enemy positions
north of Fromelles and east of Ypres.
MONDAY.
German attack between Tahure and
Somme-Py is repulsed.
Allies claim successful shellng of
enemy positions in Belgium.
Artillery duel of great intensity at
Herzstein in the Nosges.
TUESDAY,
Allies shell German troops in sub
urhs of Roye.
German trenches and munitions de-
pot northwest of Altkirch in the Nos-
ges reported destroyed.
WEDNESDAY.
British aeros raid German acrodrome
at Donai. Berlin reports destruction
of two machines. Allied machines also
bomb stores depot at lie Sars.
Violent grenade fighting near Steen
straete.
British rcpulse German attack near
Maricourt.
THURSDAY.
German patrol dispersed north or
Somme. Heavy artillery action east OF
Armentieres and near fpres.
FRIDAY.
French lombard and interrupt train
movements at BoisleuX au Mont. south
of Arras.
Two German posts reported destroyed
northwest of scissors and one in Nau-
quois sector.
Evening star., 1916-01-09
Near Eastern Campaign.
Chronological Events.

SUNDAY.
Attack of Russians north of Hama
dan reported repulsed by Turks.
Kurdish. cavalry at Khopa dispersed.
Russians claim occupation of Eel In
Persia.
MONDAY.
Russians drive Persians back toward
Chena, north of kangawar.
TUESDAY,
Turks claim defeat of enemy at
.tempts to come to aid of army at Kut.
el-Amara.
Intermittent artillery duels in the
Caucasus.
Russians report defeat of Turks al
ALA and Bildasso.
WEDNESDAY.
Turks concentrated near Patadjouf
in the River Arkhava region of the
Caucasus dispersed by Russians.
THURSDAY.
General quiet reported in Caucasus.
Persia and Mesopotamia.
FRIDAY
Russians report the driving back OF
Persians near Kiamary.
Evening star., 1916-01-09
EASTERN ARENA.
Chronological Events.
SUNDAY.


Austrians report repulse of Russian
attacks after hand-to-hand fighting
near Topoiutz.
Vienna reports great losses for Slavs
on the Bessarabian front.
Heavy artillery actions along north
ern end of eastern line.
Russians report repulse of two Aus
trian attacks north of Czartorysk
Teutons forced back on new positions
on the Strypa front. =
Russians occupy several heights near
Czernowitz.
MONDAY.
Russians reported to have failed in
attempt to break Austro German lines
In Toporoutz district.
Teutons reported repulsed in Gar
torysk region.
Russians continue advance toward
Czernowitz. Germanic losses in at
tacks reported to be great.
TUESDAY.
Germans repulsed near Elisenhoie in
attempt to cross Dvina.
Russians claim to have captured
trenches at BielavintZe in CZartorysk
region.
Russians occupy heights about Ger
nowitz, and Austro-German forces are
reported to have evacuated the town.
Austrians report unsuccessful at
tempts of Russians to break through
their Toporoutz lines.
Slavs reported to have suffered ap-
palling losses near Okua, the Usczieo
pridgehead, and at Buczacz.
WEDNESDAY.
Russians r.apulse Germans south of
the Pripet near kouksotzkavolia.
Enormous German losses reported in
attacks on Russ positions along the
middle Strypa.
Russians force Austrians to fall back
on second line of defenses near Czerno-
witt.
Austrians report repulse of Russians
frontier.
Russian attacks against Uscieczko
bridgehead and in Jaslowice sector re-
ported repulsed.
THURSDAY.
Germans reort expulsion of Russians
from Czartorysk churchyard.
Austria reports siackening of Russian
efforts.
Teutonic offensive movements in Bo-
Jana region reported repulsed.
Russians establish themselves in
evacuated positions of the enemy
northeast of CzernoWitz.
FRIDAY.
Russians claim capture OF Czartorysk
and repulse of counter attacks. Aus
trians claim to have driven foe from
towns churchyard.
Austrian attacks near CZernowitz re-
ported repulsed.
Austrians report Russian losses of
SO 900 in the first few days fighting in
the new year on the Bessarabian front.
Evening star., 1916-01-09
Livelihood Is Assured.

From the day young man is gradu-
ated from West Point ne is secure, so
far as a livelihood is concerned. He
has only to escape court-martial in
order to retire at s!xty-three on suffi-
cient pay to keep him comfortably to
the end of his days. The nation gives
him a sinecure. All 1t requires of him
is to, lead quiet life and never ex-
press an opinion at an army post, which
is isolated because congressional rep
resentation in that part of the country
wants it's share of the upkeep Of the
army.
II Jones is graduated ahead of Smith,
then Jones will be the first to become
captain, major or brigadier general 1t
doesn't matter IL Jones goes to seed,
If he becomes idle -minded-he is nailed
TO a moving platform which will bring
him to the top in regular order. Fancy
applying this system to civil life and ex-
pecting efficiency. Fancy a young en-
gineer entering one of our corporations
and being assured that he would rise to
to his individual efficiency. But that is
the method of our army.
In the German army, II you fail, you
get a note from the kaiser, thanking
you for your services and stating that
they are no longer required. In six
months after the beginning of this
war about seventy French generals
lost their places because they failed
II we went to war the same thing must
happen. The Germans do not wait on war
Evening star., 1916-01-09
rARMY OF AMERICA MUST BE REFORMED
BEFORE ADEQUATE DEFENSE IS POSSIBLE
THE LESSON FROM THE WAR IN EUROPE
Should Be Standardized With One Kind of Troops and Not
Four Kinds, as Now Proposed By Establishment of
Continental Army, Says
Noted Correspondent.
By FREDERICK PALMER.


had her All
Ep able is soldier Then
'f handf o olHer
We have military and get 10000 soldiers without
and had standing with ample modern and reserve making total
G the
How With
finished BY
in three eenonhs
Evening star., 1916-01-09

Italian attacks north of Dole.
Vigorous artillery duels on the Tyro-
lean frontier.
FRIDAY.
Artillery action general over whole
front.
Italians report repulse of enemy at
tacks in Col di Lana region.
Evening star., 1916-01-09
Army Posts Located Tactically.

T. In Europe the army posts are distrib-
uted according to tactical plans for
quick concentration in case of war
Hence the prompt concentration in
1914. Germany bad 100000 men on
Evening star., 1916-01-09
COST OF UNITED STATES ARMY.

for elimination. They clean away dead
tissue before it commences
In Europe universal service each year
brings its big draft of new recruits who
must be trained. The authorities require
that the plant be kept running at full
capacity and the officers kept busy. But
when a young American officer goes to a
post he finds that cut of those sixty
five men in the company of which he is
second lieutenant many are re-enlisted
men who know their drill already. There
Is nothing to be gained in drilling them
further. The officers work becomes neces-
sarily more less perfunctory.
An American officer rarely has any
chance to take that company out in
maneuvers with thousands of other men
and learn actual war conditions-which
gives the European officer continual prac-
tice and keeps up his ambition. The
American has to treat his soldiers very
gingerly. He has to make life very COM
Portable for them He must not work
them hard
Why? Because they are hired They
are in the army more or less because
existence is easy. without long hours or
hard work. They get their $3.50 month
and good home. If he wants to put
them out on a long march or digging
trenches he finds he has made the army
unpopular. Desertions will follow. Con-
gressional complaints will pour in on the
staff. What is the use? The directing
force Of the most efficient industrial plant
in the United States would soon lose
spirit under such conditions.
Off Time of Officers.
An officer, after having drilled. with
sixty-five men, can go to his rooms if he
will and spend hours. as many do, in
the theoretical study of maneuvers He
may go to the school at Leavenworth and
there learn the theory of tactics and the
theory of the immense detail that goes
with the command of an army. But he
has no command to practice on. He is
in the position Of a man who learns how to
run an automobile through a correspond
ence school, and then, never having once
run a car is suddenly tin case of war)
ordered to take ii around mountain
precipices or through the crowded street
traffic Of New York, and repair it-which
Is just what every European officer Is
taught. Otherwise there would have been
chaos in August. 1914. in Europe instead
of vast legions moving with orderly pre-
cision to the different fronts.
Our officers have the brains, the fin
est possible rudimentary training but
they are never allowed to grow up.
Congress keeps them in leading
strings. 1t pays them well and refuses
to allow them to make an adequate re-
turn to their employer.
Why? Because for generations busy
brains have been weaving webs of red
tape. making. more jobs for clerks
What is the object of the red tape?
Mostly it is to prevent peculation. We
go on the principle that an officer of
the United States Army can be pre-
vented from the grating only by keep
ing him under espionage. If he spends
; cents he must account for it on diff
ferent forms. which cost five times 5
cents These are checked off by clerks
whose labor costs ten times ) cents
But the honesty of the United States
Army survives in spite of such distrust
1t survives in the sense of honor taught
at West Point-the honor of the serv-
ice
Evening star., 1916-01-09
PORTS DECADENCE TOLD
IN GEOGRAPHIC BULLETIN

'DuraZzo, where the debarkation of
Roman legions is reported to be taking
place once more. is now scarcely
shadow of the fiourishing Adriatic sea
port of before the days of Christ and
during the Roman empire. whose mer-
chants traded beyond the boundaries
of the known world" begins study in
war geography prepared by the Nation
al Geographic Society, which tells OF
the Albanian port that recently awoke
to feverish industry with the landing
of Italian troops there for service upon
the Serbian flank.
AT one time DuraZzo then Dyrra-
chium. was favorite starting point
for expeditions of conquering Rome.
for the Via Egnatia, great military
road led from this city to Thessalon-
lea, now Saloniki. and. so. into the
kingdoms of the north and east The
legions that subdued the chaos OF the
Grecian world and first brought Rome
into contact with the slave passed
through Dyrrachium.
Evening star., 1916-01-09


time to attest before the compuIsion
bill became effective. The real crisis
in British domestic affairs will come
once the bill is passed and the unmar-
ried "slackers'' continue to spurn it's
edict. That a considerable portion will
continue to do so is the confident belief
in some circles in England because of
the bitterness which already has been
aroused by the governments efforts.
Events of the next ten days will be of
the gravest import to Great Britain
and may take a turn toward further
complications and greater complexities
at any moment.
Once more the attention of entente
capitals Is centered on the eastern bat
tie front. where great events from the
standpoint of their cause are transpir-
ing The cars armies of more than
three million men, ehablitated and re-
equipped. are by the weight of numbers
and an increased supply OF guns en-
deavoring to break the Austro- German
line. From the river Stripa far to the
north down to the Bessara bian frontier
the attack is proceeding, even though
Vienna reports that it has somewhat
slackened in the past two days. The
Russians have extended their opera
tions to such point that they are now
engaged in terrific battles covering q
territory Of 800 miles. The Germans
Evening star., 1916-01-09
Efficiency Is Demanded.

European armies hold officers respon-
sible for the efficiency of their COM
mands and allow them some latitude
OF authority in time of peace as well
as war. This is true no less in demo-
cratic France than in Germany. and
no one considers France as a militarist
nation We apply the same system in
business life. II an employer sends a
man out west to sell goods he doesn't
expect MIN to spend so much time max
ing reports that he has no time to see
any customers The test of salesman
is the amount Of goods he sells: the
test OF an army, however large or
small. is its readiness for war
II We keep army of only 10000
men we want the best possible results
for the smallest expense These we
may not have with three different kinds
OF troops-reguiars. National Guard
ana volunteers Now it is proposed to
four. Some trained some half trained,
some worse than unframed, they would
be herded together in time of war
10 be called an army-but not an army
In the French or German sense. No
staff on earth is clever enough to or
ganiZe the herd into a homogeneous
force on short notice. Such a medley
Is violation of the first principle of
organization The staff would be
marked for public clamor: the soldiers
for slaughter by modern military ma
chinery.
In Europe they have learned by hard
experience, as have the men in our in
dustrial organizations, to stick to sim
pie principles. In France and in Ger
| many there Is only one kind of troops (:
SO many regiments of infantry and so
many Of cavalry and artillery in the
standing army, trained to an even quail
ity of efficiency. Thus a commander
knows what to depend on; the staff
knows how to organize the campaipb
Briefly. the parts of an European army
are standardized. When war comes
| the forms are set and ready, and the
reserves move up to their places sim
ply expanding the standardized organ
iZation. This cannot be put too en-
Evening star., 1916-01-09
Nation Should Have One Army.


And why not have one army? why
not start it on the basis of what we
already have-the regular army? If
Frenchman serves three years and a
German two. why should we serve
four? The reason the French serve
three is not that Frenchman is una BILE
to learn how to be soldier in less
than three years. but because the
smaller population of France requires
longer service in order to have first
line of adequate size.
Suppose that aside from the men who
enlist in the regulars to get the pay,
little adventure and comfortable life,
we include men who enlist for patriot
ism. training and experience Many a
young man who had never thought of
becoming a professional soldier would
come in if he knew that at the end of
year or even six months he could re-
ceive his discharge with the recon-
mendation of board of officers as hav-
ing filled the requirements. If you put
100000 young men through the estab-
lished regular school, an uneXcelled
school, with it's forms set, then you
would have real reserve. Those who
like the soldiers life and wish to re-
main regulars would form the trained
nucleus and become the material for
non commissioned officers-drill SER
geants and corporals. They could go
on re-enlisting. if they chose. They
might form our garrisonS in Panama
and in the Philippines.
A young man, having served his year,
might be promoted for another years
service al a commissioned officer. Thus
you would have started reserve forces
of officers. Then, once the telegraph
instrument began clicking in Washing
ton in case of danger, both reserves
and officers and men would respond.
each knowing where he was to go. as
every French and German officer and
man knew in August, 1914. A great
army would form itself automatically
"a single army under a single staff.
These articles are to apply the les
sons of Europe, and this is the SIM
plest possible application of them.
Abolish the National Guard and volun-
teers, give up the continental army
dream. That is, unless we are ready
for universal service-ready to say to
certain percentage of young men
every year: You are drawn. You go
into the army" as they say in Europe.
At any rate, as the most businesslike
people in the world, let US get down to
business.
Copyright. 1881
(This is the fourth of a series of arti.
cIes by Mr.. Palmer on "Europe's Bat
1 tle-front Lessons for America" The
fifth article will appear next Sunday.)
Evening star., 1916-01-09
Gigantic Ruins of Citadel.

.Durazzo lies upon the Adriatic,
across from the Italian port of Bari,
and fifty miles south from the Albanian
capital Seutari, or, as the natives call
il. Scodra 1t is built upon the rock
peninsula of Pelu, which marks OF tne
broad bay of DurazZo from the open
Adriatic Old walls still surround the
CITY and the gigantic ruins OF an an
cient Byzantine citadel are overgrown
with plane trees. Along the coast.
around the town, are the dismal
marshes that made it an almost inn
pregnable point for defense In carry
Roman times. The harbor has slowly
silted up Two millenniums of Alba
nian misfortune are reflected IN the
present desolation of the port.
"Epidamnus. as Durazzo was called in
its infancy was founded by joint
colony of Corcyreans and Corinthians
in the seventh century B. c.
Former Wealthy Trading Center.
at soon became wealthy trading
center and a hotbed of political dis
pute; for the democrats and aristocrats
fought such a bitter struggle there
over the rights of man.. that Athens.
Corinth and Sparta were drawn into 1t.
This struggle is considered among the
contributing causes of the Poloponne-
sian war. Epidamnus became grea-
and populous.
'In 22s b. c. it passed into Roman
hands and changed its name. Augustus
gave the city to colony of his vet
Grams after the battle of Actium in 81
b. c.. and through the next four CEN
turtles Durazzo enjoyed its golden age
of prosperity. With the breaking up
of the Roman empire ii became the
shuttle-cock of all the Balkans, and
has remained the sport of conquest
lusty nations down to the present day."
Evening star., 1916-01-09

There is every indication that the
compulsion bill will successfully wealth
Evening star., 1916-01-09
One Kind of Soldiers.

Again. while Europe trains every
able-bodied man two or three years
and insists on only one kind of soldiers
four kinds-and probably somebody
would insist on the fifth to help save
the nation at the last moment. In any
of the great battles of the western
front. IL any considerable section Of in
fantry had failed from inexperience.
the line would have been broken and
the whole army forced into tactical
position where 1t would have had to
retreat with the loss of prisoners and
material. What enabled the French to
hold against all attacks was that the
links Of the chain were alike of de-
Evening star., 1916-01-09

(This is the fourth of a series of arti-
cles by Mr.. Palmer on "Europe's Bat
tle-front Lessons for America" The
fifth article will appear next Sunday.)
Evening star., 1916-01-09

There is strong likelihood that
Premier Asquith will be forced to turn
Evening star., 1916-01-09

Rumania has force of nearly 1000
men on the Austrian frontier, placed