davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1916-10-19

tomato sauce and chopped green pep
pers.
Smothered Tomatoes.-Cut six small
tomatoes In halves across the grain. Ar
range them I'm baking dish with the
skinside down. Pour over them three
tablespoon of melted butter and
some finely minced parsley. Season
with pepper and salt and cover with
another pan and cook until the toma,
toes are soft.
Green tomatoes cut in slices and
fried in hot bacon until brown and
tender are well liked as change,
Serve as a vegetable with steak.
Ham Trifie-Chop one cupful of
cold boiled ham, three hard-cooked
eggs and five soda crackers. Boil two
cupfuls of milk; add to this a good
sized piece Of butter and thicken with
teaspoonful each of -four and mus
tard. Stir into this the chopped ham,
eggs and crackers. and add a table
spoonful of minced parsley. Put into
baking dish and bake for half an
hour.
Beef Oiives.-Pass through meat
chopper several times until fine. half
a pound of raw beef half a pound of
cold, cooked meat and half a pound of
bread which has been soaked in wa
ter; little parsley and piece of fat
salt pork about the size of an egg.
Season this and add to it an egg. Mix
we'll and roll into balls. Wrap each
ball in oiled paper to hold it together
while cooking. Bake them in the oven
In a pan, into which place some finely
chopped carrots. two tablespoonful
of canned tomatoes. an onion. chopped,
and little water. Remove 1t to a
hot platter and add little -four to the
gravy. Strain the gravy over the
beef olives and serve very hot.
Tapioca Pudding.-Soak cupful OF
pearl tapioca in cold water over night
then cook 1t until clear. Stir I'm a cup
full of sugar and cup of preserved
Strawberries or tart jelly. Serve cold
with cream
Tripe and Onion curry.-Slice one
large Spanish onion and cut into dice
a pound of boiled tripe. In a frying
pan melt two tahlespoonfuis of but
ter, lay In the onions and cook until
yellow. Sprinkle ever the onions
'easpoonful OF curry and tablespoon
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1916-10-19
Valuable.

II was rumInaging through some old
papers last night, when / ran across
some mining stock certificates that ]
bought for dollar share about fif,
teen years ago"
And 1t turned out that they were
Immensely valuable, suppose
Yves, In a way they are, although,
they would bring no more than thu
price of waste paper In the market
But at the time I found them / was
just about TO make another fool invest
ment, and the sight of those worthless
certificates made me change my mind"
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1916-10-19

pipes and skin, then cut in large dice
and cooked in thickened chicken stock.
One may not always have chicken
stock on hand, but can of chicken
soup Is easy to open, and should al
ways be on the emergency shelf. Flaw
or the soup with bit of onion, add a
teaspoonful of curry powder and few
drops of lemon juice. With this serve
dish of peas.
For patty shells the following filling
may be used: Add asparagus tips to
sweetbreads, mix with white sauce,
mashed yolks Of two eggs, a cupful Of
thin cream and few slices of stuffed
olives. Serve hot. The cream need
not be added If the sauce is thin and
rich enough.
Some like curry with lobster mix a
paste of olive oil, half teaspoonful
of mustard. and paprika, salt and cur
ry to taste; lay the lobster with q lit
tie butter in this and cook ten min
utes.
Savory Toast-Cover slices of toast
with grated cheese and set in the oven.
Cut into pieces eight large mushrooms,
or If the fresh are unattainable use q
half can of buttons; fry two minutes
in blazer with three tablespoonfuls
of butter. Add gradually six eggs and
stir until thick, season with salt and
pepper and pour piping hot over tie
toast.
curried chicken.-Take two curfuls
of cold cooked chicken, cut In bits, one
cupful of gravy, and one teasroonful
each of minced onion and curry pow
der, one tablespoonful Of butter and
salt to taste. Cook the onian I'm the
butter, mix the curry smoothly into the
gravy, add to the chicken aud simmer
ten minutes. Boiled rice is a usual
accompaniment to curry and well
chilled bananas are also good.
r. Try frankforts heated In cream
served with tnas..
Nu. No. ~t.Q
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1916-10-19
Ralsln Cookies

Cream half cupful sugar with guar.
ter cupful butter. Add one egg and
cream again. Then add quarter cup
sweet milk. half teaspoonfui vanilla
extract and one cupful -four sifted
with one and half teaspoonfuls bak.
ing powder and pinch Of salt. Add
more sifted flour to make a soft dough
and roll out thin on Toured board.
Cut into rounds with cooky cutter.
Spread a layer of chopped raisins be.
tween two cookies, press the filled
cookies lightly with the rolling pin,
and bake In creased pans In a hot
oven until nicely Drowned.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1916-10-19
Custard.

Beat slightly the whites Of foul
eggs with one-fourth OF cupful Of
sugar, add speck Of salt, a few drops
Of almond or vanilla flavoring. and
one pint Of scalded milk. Strain into
molds and steam or bake until firm.
Scald another pint OF milk and add
to the beaten yolks Of four eggs, cook
until 1t begins to thicken and add one
fourth Of cupful OF sugar AM
strain; flavor when cold.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1916-10-19
- ,k ~ md Ces -
SKINNERS
INC HIGHEST ouAlrY
MACARO ON
Farmers Amazed II cry sQuirrelA
. ~ aIcte - IN
SKINNER MFG. GO. OMAHA. uSA

Farmers Amazed 1t City SQuirreia
No other one thing so generally Mt
racted the attention OF the farmers
rom distant parts OF the state while
hey We're In Columbus attending the
state fair MS the squirrels they saw In
he parks, lawns and even leaping
rom tree to tree In the streets. Not
that they do not see squirrels at home
n their native woods, but there they
see them wild. darling for their holes
he moment they note the approach Of
nan. To see squirrels careless Of the
presence OF people. and even soliciting
,ood from them. seemed a strange con.
litlon. ~ Columbus TOD Dispatch.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1916-10-19

MT. ]. n. sinclair. cd for four PEARS
and was II nervous atats and vsry
much depressed. The doctors medi-
cine didn't help me. 10 l decided 70
try Dodds Kidney Pills, and cannot
say enough to express my relief and
thankfninsss. ~ they cured me. Dia-
mond Dinner Pills cured me Of Con.
stipation."
Dodds Kidney Pills. soc. per boz q
your dealer or Dodds Medicine Co..
Buffalo. N. Y. Dodds Dyspepsia Tab.
cts for Indigestion have bean proved.
SOC. per box.--Adv.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1916-10-19

like the pies stiff with
pumpkin, others so little
that 1t Is a custard flaw
ored with pumpkin, but
first get your pumpkin.
The sweet pie pumpkins
are so common now that
the field variety has al
most diSannaared In the
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1916-10-19
No speculator.

II see where famous banker says
he has never learned how to read
stock ticker"
Fancy thati'
NO wonder he's one of the most
highly respected financiers In the coun.
try. The impulse to trust man like
that with your hard earned money
must be almost Irresistible"
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1916-10-19

peallng. Inc ulSHeS
which may be pre-
pared are num-
berless. Sweet
breads are greatly
favored. They are
prepared In the
usual way by
blanching and re-
moving all of the
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1916-10-19
Couldn't Ne Natural,

Fluff don't like that fellow. He
looks as IL he'd resort to almost any
thing to do you.
Ruff--You have him. Why, he's the
kind OF chap that can't even swim
except underhnnd.- Town Topics.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1916-10-19
SUFFERED FoR FOUR vEAR&

Mr.. J. M. Sinclair Oh Olivehill
Tenn. writes: Il strained my hack.
which weakened my kidneys and
rAused an awful bad hcckacha and
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1916-10-19

Inflammation of
the bladder. L.
ter ] became 10
much worse that
! consulted .
doctor. who said
that ! had Dia-
bcten and that
my heart was ~
fectod. I sunor.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1916-10-19

A German submarine has made its
way into the Arctic ocean and has tor.
pedoed three Norwegian steamships,
says dispatch from Christiania under
the dateline OF October 2. The YES.
sells torpedoed were the Sinsen, Ravn
and Rolf Jarl. The crews were saved.
Steamship traffic over the regular
route covering the northern Norwegian
towns has been stopped. Since August
the Germans have sunk Norwegian
boats valued Mt S9.OO0Oo0, The SIN
sens gross tonnage was 1926 and that
of the Rolf Jarl Ices. There are
listed three Norwegian steamships
Ravn. all of them under 1880 tons.
The purpose of the German subma-
rine operations probably liz to inter-
fere with the transportation OF war
materials to Russia by way of the
White sea ports.
The food supply commission of Nor
way has purchased l4.O00 tons of
sugar In America, to be delivered this
fall. The commission has done great
work for the people of Norway since
the outbreak of the war, and but for
Its activity there would have been
much more suffering among the people
for lack of food supplies than there Ia
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1916-10-19

make HnG SAND
witch filling.
Fig custard.--
Wash a pound of
figs and stew for
an hour in water to
cover; add to the
juice a few strips
of, the peel of q
lemon. make n
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1916-10-19

on, IL the berry that stains my lips
Could teach me the woodland chat.
science would bow to my scholarships
And theology doff the hat.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1916-10-19

1ai OF flour, then add gradually cup
full Of white stock. When smooth add
salt and pepper to taste and the pre-
pared tripe. Simmer gently for FIVE
minutes.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1916-10-19

Pure and unselfish friendship is the
most beautiful thing in the world.
The beauty of 1t Is SO great and rich
that 1t swallows up absolutely all
meaner things.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1916-10-19

1t Is too common in all of us. but 1t
Is especially in the nature of a mean
mind to be overawed by fine clothes
and fine furniture Dickens.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1916-10-19

SItHK. RDII IT UP ana Tie
securely and boil 1t In q
cloth bag in boiling wa
ter for two hours. About
a half hour before serv-
ing. take 1t from the bag
and brown it in the oven.
Serve with a good brown
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1916-10-19
GOOD OLD PUMPKIN TIME.

There are as many kinds of pumpkin
pies as there are tastes for them. Some
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1916-10-19
FOR THE CHAFING DISH.

AS the cool evenings are upon us
the chatting dish suppers are most ap-
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1916-10-19

Color blindness In said to have been
discovered by the famous Doctor
Priestley In 1777.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1916-10-19
DATES AND FIGS.

Chopped dates or figs, mixed with
chopped nuts and little cream.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1916-10-19


The establishment of a gigantic steel
plant In Iceland. Denmark's depend
ency, Is the latest development toward
the conversion of the little Saga is
land into modern Industrial country.
According to recent dispatches, con-
cessions have recently been granted
to an English-Icelandic syndicate.
backed by Simpson 4 Oviatt, steel
patenters and metal syndicate of Lon.
don, for the exploitation of iron depos-
ITS which have been discovered In
Heradstioa, ii bay on the eastern coast
Of Iceland. The company has been
capitalized at $5,000,0O0, aud several
times that amount Of capital Is avail
able, Ii necessary, The iron deposits
consist OF volcanic sand which liz
round In the bottom of the bay into
| which flows the Jokul river. An Eng.
iish engineer, r. c. Lambert, discov-
cred volcanic sand In the river bed,
| and following this clue he located the
| beds at the mouth of the river. Vol
CAME sand In the wet state looks like
| dark mud, but dried 1t resembles fine
| gunpowder. 1t contains % to rs per-
cent iron. 1t will be taken from the
ocean bottom by means Of steam
dredges. Parallel to the Jokul river
Is another river called the Lagartijot
1t contains no iron ore, but II
has waterfalls capable of produc.
ing 10000 horse power. This will BIZ
used In the production of iron from
the sand ore. The plans contem.
plate plant that will produce a mil.
lion tons of steel annually.
| dispatch from San Francisco saws
that the A. U. Anderson COMPANY of
| Copenhagen, Denmark, is planning to
build a S22,oo0,0O0 fleet, to be placed
under the American flag and operated
on the Pacific coast, is reported mt the
marine department of the San Fran
| cisco chamber Of commerce. 1t is I'M
| derstSod that the fleet will consist OF
Ia vessels, probably Diesel propelled,
which will I'm all likelihood be con-
tracted for at local and Pacific coast
shipyards. The vessels are to be
placed In the general cargo trade be-
tween this port, ports of the North
west and European ports. The plans
of the Danish concern includes the
future construction of ten additional
vessels Of a type similar to the first
ID, which will also be under the Amer
lean flag and may be operated be-
tween the Pacific coast and Europe,
via the Orient and suez canal. Coast
headquarters for the concern has not
as yet been decided upon, but 1t is ex-
tremely probable that San Francisco
will be decided upon, because of Its
central location.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1916-10-19
GOOD EATABIES.

Make good turkey dressing and
spread 1t over a twO-pound round
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1916-10-19
The KTQEN
GBLNEKz;7 $ s !

What Is the odds so long as the fire
of soul is kindled at the taper of con-
VITALITY. and the wing of friendship
never molts a feather,
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1916-10-19

Five new "stone-slab inscriptions
have been discovered at MEDIUM. They
are said to date from the Stone Age.
All OF them are supposed to repre-
sent moose. 1t is said that SO many
nave never been found so close to-
gether before.
Evening star., 1916-07-30
FAvORs CONGRESS OF JEWS.
B'Nai Birth Approves Universal
Citizenship Project.

CHICAGO, July 29.-An announce
ment from the headquarters of the In
dependent Order of B'Nai Birth here
today said that the advisory council
of the organization has approved a
plan for congress of American Jews
to consider means of obtaining full
rights for members of the race in all
lands. The action was taken after the
project had been submitted to the So
ciety by Col. Harry Cutler of Provi-
dence. r. l., who came here as an ennis
sary of a joint subcommittee of two
amalgamatiops of national Jewish or
ganizations-one known as the Con
ference" and the other as Congress. :"
These bodies met recently in New
York and planned the joint congress
and it was said that the approval of
the Independent Ordear Of B'Nai BRith
.peans that all NATIONAL siix atipns
pg the race VIII b repfe e6ted s
Evening star., 1916-07-30
BOY PIONEERS PROJECTED.
New Glass of Scouts for Rural Dis
tricts to Be Organized.

NEW YORK. July 29.-For American
boys residing in rural communities where
no Boy Scouts of America troops have
been formed, a new class OF scouts. to be
known as the Boy Pioneers. is TO be or
ganized, it was announced at the national
headquarters here today.
Heretofore. it was stated, thousands Of
boys in sparsely settled districts have
been unable to enroll as scouts because
of insufficient numbers to make up troops.
For the Pioneer Scouts more than 1000
applications have been received, which
would bring the organizations member
ship up to approximately 91,500.
Evening star., 1916-07-30
DIED.
BEASON.

BEASON. Members of Washington
I kindergarten Club please meet in lee
ture room of Mount Zion NJ. f. Church.
10Th street between Dumbarton ave-
nue. and Q street, Sunday, July 30.
1916, at ! pm, to attend the funeral
of our late co-worker. ARABELLA
! BEASON. A. 5. JOHNSON. Pres.
NJ. L. POWELL, Secy. so
BEASON. The members of the Teach
ers' Benefit and Annuity Association
| are hereby notified of the death Of our
late member. Miss ARABELLA BEA-
son. Funeral Sunday, July 80, at
/ 1870 pm. from Mount Zion NJ. Il.
/ Church. 29th street between Dunbar
ton avenue and o street northwest.
I F. s. G. MERRITT, President.
ZITA E. DYSON. Corresponding Sec
| retary. 30
seles, Cal. ADA SALMON. widow of
the late Gen. Ezra A. Carman.
Interment at Arlington July 81.
CLARK. Suddenly. on Saturday July
| 20, 1915. ALICE CLARK.
| Funeral from the Metropolitan A. NJ. E
Church. 18th and NJ streets north
west. on Tuesday, August /. Relatives
and friends invited to attend. 81
DOHONEY. On Friday July IS, 1916,
ANN MARIA DOHoNEY.
Funeral from the residence of her sis
street northeast. on Monday. July 81
thence to st. Josephs Church, where
Il mass will be said al am. for the re-
pose of her soul. Please omit flowers.
So
HOLBROOk. On Friday, July IS. 1916.
at 4:45 pm. at his residence, I62
H9ward avenue o, pppaT seDthsast; hs,oIsG pr
father of Karl c. Holbrook, aged
forty-nine years.
Funeral services Sunday, July 80. at 1
o'clock pm, at the funeral parlors of
Adams & Smoot, Nichols avenue south
east tChicago papers please copyD
JOHNSON. On Saturday, July 2s 1915,
at 1915 a m. at the residence of her
aunt, Mrs. Annie Crowell. 320o War1er
/ street northwest, NELLIE E.. beloved
daughter of Catherine johnson (nee
Herbert).
Requiem mass at Sacred Heart Church
Monday. July 81. at o'clock. Inter
ment at Mount Olivet cemetery. Rel
atives and friends are respectfully in
yited to attend 800
JONES. On July 90. 1915. WALTER L.
beloved husband of Mary f. Jones
aged fifty-six years
Funeral from $50 5th street northeast
Monday, July 81. at ? pm. Interment
at Congressional cemetery.
kEEFE. On Saturday, July %. 1916. at
am. MARTHA A. widow of the late
John P. Keefe, aged eighty-four years
Funeral from her late residence. 233 I'd
street northwest; thence to st. Pat
rick's Church, where mass will be said
at 9 am, Monday. July 81. Relatives
and friends invited to attend. SO'
MOYNIHAN. On Thursday. July 81
1916, at 1915 pm, ELIZABETH r.
Il (nee Harvey), beloved wife of Joseph
c. Moynihan and devoted mother of
May and Catherine.
Funeral from her late residence, 64 K
street northeast: thence to st. Alloy
sius Church. where mass will be said
at 9 am. Monday. July 81, for the
repose of her soul. Relatives and
friends invited to attend. 1nterment
at Mount Olivet cemetery. 30'
Evening star., 1916-07-30
CARDS OF THANKS.

COOPER. We wish to extend our thanks
to our many friends for their kind
ness. sympathy and floral offerings
on the occasion Of the loss of our dear
mother. SARAH COOPER.
MRS. MARY COOPER JACKSON.
| wisn to extend my thanks
to my many friends for their Kind
ness. sympathy and floral offerings on
the occasion of the loss Of my dear
son. CARL. To the officers and en-
ployes of the American Federation of
Labor. where my dear son was en-
ployed. am under a lifelong oblga-
tion for their sympathy and kindness
in my sad bereavement.
MRS. GEORGE l.. GILBERT.
STt EI.NEH. We wish to extend our
thanks to our many friends for their
kindness. sympathy and floral offer
ings on the occasion of the death of
our dear mother, Mrs. ELIZABETH
STU BENEE. BY THE FAMILY.
Evening star., 1916-07-30
FURUSETH EXPECTS STRIKE.
Seamen's Leader Attends Meeting of
Officers of Great Lakes Unions.

| BUFFALO, n. Y. July 29.-President
Andrew F'uruseth of the Lake Seamen's s
Union arrived here today to attend a
meeting of the executive officers of
three unions which, it is said, will
strike unless their demands for higher
wages and better working conditions
| are granted. The three unions claim
membership of 10000 men on the
great lakes.
I'VE are here to prevent a strike. if
possibl ble,'' said President Furuseth.
But l do not see how one can be
avoided. unless the owners meet us
half way"
Evening star., 1916-07-30
FUGITIVE P. 0. CLERK HELD.
Washington Man Indicted in 1914
on Charge of Opening Letters.

CHICAGO. July 29.-Marshall F.
Mills. Washington, D. c., post office
clerk. arrested here yesterday charged
with opening two registered letters,
waived examination today and was
held to. the grand jury in bonds of
$4,000 pending his removal to Wash
ington. According to the charges,
Mills was indicted in 1914 and re-
leased pending trial, in $1,000 bail
He forfeited his bail and had been a
fugitive for more than a year.
Evening star., 1916-07-30

SANDERS. on Thurs.a:. .,uly -. 1910.
at 1915 pm. RICHARD W. beloved
husband of Josephine Sanders.
Funeral from his late residence. 55p
lith street southeast. al $50 . m.
July 81. thence TO st. Peters thur,h.
Interment al Mount olivct cemetery.
Relatives aud friends invited to SIT
tend. 30'
TAYLOR. Departed this life oa Sntur-
day. July %. 1916. at 80 pln.. at his .
residence. li2. corcoran street north
west JOHN r TAYLOR. He leaves a
loving wife. two brothers. three Sis
ters and a host Of friends,
Notice of funeral later.
WAHL. ON saturday. July 2s. 1916. at
Sibley Hospital CONRAD WhEL OF
Herndon. Va. beloved husband of
Lille p. Wahi tnee Marstellerp.
Notice of funeral hereafter.
WARD. On Saturday. July -. 1916. 1t
$50 pm. at the residence of her aunt.
Mrs. Jesse II. Klopfer. 5o7 street
northeast: EMMA h. WARD.
Funeral from Rockville Methodist
church Monday. July 81. at $50 pm.
Relatives and friends invited.
WHEELER. on Thursday. July -
1916: at $50 m, at his residence at
f,rederiSkserrG Va Brig; Cen
retired.
Interment at Fredericksburg. (St Paul
ST. Louis and San Francisco papers
please copy.)
WILLS. ON July 20. 1916. at $50 a.'r..
HARRY WILLS. son of the late John
L. and Sallie h. Wills ard cl-" "dsnu
of James \. TIA: :lor of Fredericksburg,
Va
Funeral Monday. July 81. at > p.p'
from the residence Of niS aunt. Mrs
Cora II. Walker. 922 New York ave
nue.. fredericksburg and Peters
burg papers please copy)
WOODMaN. Fell on sleen at cvent'''N
.Iulv IS. 1915. FRANCIS JOSH.
WOODNAN. NJ. D.. in the sixty fifth
year Of his age
May he rest in pence"
Burial from st. James Church. Sih
street near and g streets northeast.
with REQUIEM mass. at $50 am Mo-
day, July 81.
wOODMAN. The members Of EoNer'
de Bruce Council knights F"dosr,
Ancient and Accented Scottish rite Of
semble at the cathedral of the rite.
ID and L streets northwest. Monde
July 81. 1915. 1T 1i:i5 nm. for ~.
purpose OF performing the obseou'nS
of a knight kadosh over the rer,ai---
Of our late hroriier. FIR NcJS JOSEPH
WOODMAN. So Hon. The family aud
friends arn invited to attend.
j. II. Won HERMANN. 500. X. Z. e. n
T,ornar'ler
ELMER Z. SIMPSON SO. X. c. c. II.
General Secretary.
Evening star., 1916-07-30

BEASON. Members of Washington
kindergarten Club please meet in lee
ture room of Mount Zion NJ +. Church.
29th street between Dumbarton ave-
nue. and @ street, Sunday, July 80.
1916, at ! pm, to attend the funeral
of our late co-worker. ARABELLA
BEASON A 5. JOHNSON, Pres.
NJ L. POW ELL Secy. so