davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-05-11

slight as it was, of the truth of his sto- ry. The Indians carried first our ca noes and then our stores through the brushwood, which is very thick at this point, while we four whites, our riAes on our shoulders, walked between them and any danger coming from the woods. Before evening we had sue cessfully passed the rapids and made our way some ten miles above them, where we anchored for the night At this point reckoned that we had come not less than a hundred miles up the tributary from the main stream.
 It was in the early forenoon of the next day that we made the great de- parture. Since dawn Professor Chal- lenger had been acute1y uneasy, con tinualIy scanning each bank of the riv CT. Suddenly he gave an exclamation of satisfaction and pointed to single tree which projected at a peculiar angle over the side of the stream.
 What do you make of that7" he asked
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-05-11
Cro Be conttnued.)

Father usually observes Cleanup Day by clearing out in good sea
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-05-11

The free seed distribution will new CT be thoroughly popular until the government sends along a spade with ca sh lot to plant them with
The Parma herald., 1916-06-01

+, There are some men mean enough
70 live on their ather-in-law, and then
complain of the visits of their mother
(p-lsw.
The Parma herald., 1916-06-01
GETS HIS LEG
BROKEN BAD
w. b. Mitchell Meets Sc
rious Accident Yester-
day afternoon.

W. 3. Mitchell met with a ser.
ious accident Yesterday after.
noon resulting 10 d bad com.
pound fracture OF the bones OF
bis rlgnt leg and ankle. He was
engaged ia telling a tree near the
house, and had attached a rope
from the free 20 the wagon todi.
rect the fall When the tree iell
the noise ireightened the team.
which lunged ahead breaking
both singletrecs lie was drag
ged IRON the wagon with the
result mentioned. lie was not
otherwise injured Two or thres
bone slieers were removed where
bones pro'ruded thru the skin
Or. Stewart came down frou
Boise today 70 assist Dr. Wald
rop H. determining the extent O
the injury and the treatment O
The case.
The Parma herald., 1916-06-01
l.. l.. Folsom, Candidate
for the Nomination of
State Auditor on the
Republican Party Ticket
Business Locals

The famous Liggets Chocolates
are sold only at the Stockton
Pharmacy
Eyes scientifically fitted at
Hartzler's. Il
W. II. Ross is paying best
prices for hogs. See HIM
Single trees at Fisk Hardwara
Company.
Coupons good Tor the famous
Oneida Co.nunitS silverware Re
liance Plate given With each 25c
leash purchase at the Stockton
Pharmacy.
| CASH paid for notes and mort.
cages. A; |. Myers, Caldwell,
Tel. i35 and 1O2 Ii
Dr. t. o. Humphreys, resident
dentist. Office in bank building
ground floor, phone As.
DR.. f.. Lull, veterinarian, Hote
Illinois, Parma. idaho
Choice 40 acres. 5s miles soutl
OF Parma, all under water; S150(
will handle. balance at Z percent
Inquire R V. Dilley. 8 1Stf
Il Clevises ait Fisk Hardwar
Company.
ii you have. trouble with. yoG
eyes. have them examined abi
fitted at Hartzler's. II
! Garden tools at Fisk Hard
{ ware Company.
s25 an acre buys a good 40
: raw land, not broken, govern
! ment water, near Roswell Term
{ on part. Madden < Burns, Gale
y Veil.
The Parma herald., 1916-06-01

All men may be, divided into two
clesseszthose who like vaudeville and
those who can stand it when they ale
drunk--Smart Set,
The Parma herald., 1916-06-01

The Amphictyonic club ia en-.
fertainlng TODAY number OF
Visitors from other ladies' clubs
throughout the county. Upon
their arrival the visitors we're
taken Tor aa automobile sight
seelng trip, and on theif return
RECALLED az a chicken banquet
served by tile ladies oithe RebAk.
ah lodge az their banquet room
IN the l. o. o. r. building.
Ernest Anderson returned yss
serday evening from a visit te
Spokane and Montana points
He reports that Butte and othel
points in Montana are enjoying
Prosperity almost equal I,
boom times
The Parma herald., 1916-06-01

And now the women politicians
tay fhst nnie~. the Democrats
ImmediaieIy meet their demands
TOR national ~lual suffrage they
will defeat Wilson IN the coming
campaign. Well. let them. Tho
Democratic party can stand de-
feat. but Il payer could survive
the odIum of repe ting the crime
VI the Fifteenth Auis ndmeut.
The Parma herald., 1916-06-01

DGs l-U
A1vnnuazro RATES
I1oy ~. ~ lSsup, Is csnts pr inch
~ ne6&k, y csute ~ Inch.
E6oo16, 70 oonis pr line one insertion 8
osn11 ~ iiae each additional inser-
lntions, Obituaries, Show. Fair, So.
e(Al o. other iocaie. when ndmiseion
y ehnaeed, OF money to BE- rsised. 3
csuts pez Inns. Obituary poetry. ID
oen1o pgs line.
k40s1 notices, q pr inch lixst insertion I;
- eenfx ~ inch each additiona In
ocf1ion q words constitute a. inch.
No stldAvit vii b. made until ppbIi.
cafioo = paid Tor.
Chsis ~ Theaks, oi.co.
Fpretgn and patent nedicIne ads take
ths aAme rnte ~ diaplxv and local sd-
voFtstins = shove mentioned.
The Parma herald., 1916-06-01
See Watson q Fisk for
best fafeS on farm loans.

Potatoes for sale.
Idaho Rural Potatoes for sale
at the Kiesel ranch.
SAT- VIM. Cough.
The Parma herald., 1916-06-01

O. II. ALLEN. Plaintiff, vs. JAMES FIN
LAY and MARTIN CARLYLE, Defendants.
Notice Of Sheriff's Sale on Foreclosure
OF Mortgage.
UNDER AND BY VIRTUE OF an
order Of sale and decree Of foreclosure,
issued out Of the District Court OF the
Seventh Judicial District. State Of Ida
ho, in and for the County Of Canyon, on
the 10th day Of May, 1915, in the above
entitled notion, wherein G. II. Allen,
the above named plaintiff, obtained a
decree against James Finlay and Mar
tin Carlyle, defendants. on the Sth day
OF May, 1919, which said decree was on
the nth day Of Mas, 1916. recorded in
Judgment Book six, OF said Court. at
page 226. am commanded to sell all
that certain lot, piece or parcel Of land
situated In the County Of Canyon, State
Of Idaho, and bounded and described as
follows, to witt
The Northwest quarter Of the North.
west quarter tNW4 Nw11i OF Section
Sixteen slol, Township Five t5l North
Range Five toj West, OF the Boise Meri
dian. containing forty acres, together
With water rights from the Boise River
and a slare in the community bitches
used In watering said lands.
| NOTICE Is HEREBY GIVEN, THAI
on the 9th day of June. 1916, at 2Ut
O'Clock + NJ, OF that day IN front of tn,
Court House door in the City of Cald
well. County Of Canyon, ! will, in obedi
ence to said order of sale and decree o
foreclosure, sell the above describe,
property, or so much thereof as may b.
necessary to satisfy the plaintiffs deere,
with interest thereon and costs to tn,
highest bidder for cash, lawful mone'
Of the United States.
81 Dated May 10th, A. n. 1915.
GEORGE W. FROMAN, Sheriff.
BY II. B. MUMFORD. Deputy.
5-ll.6-i
The Parma herald., 1916-06-01
.------71l1Es-r
Value Of Association

>, Nobody eyer did people any good b
standing sloof. If the pencils of an
electric lamp are 70 shine they musi
Hrst touch and then keep close TO
eether.
The Parma herald., 1916-06-01
Subscribe for The Herald
<-atasgh C-sa ii, Cure /

<~at1rrn C-l To Curc !
cannot rcsttn & , tc-a cl tie disease. Ca
tarrh IS hlQ-l = Ccr .titauonal disease.
and In ct,.. 70 ttft i0r must take in
tcrn1l renee .ia t'@llrrt Cure a.
tatcn interr q t &c. f.Fecuy upon
the biccj - .rt1ccs. Hair 3
Catarrh Ct-t IS ..c luo -4cGicine Il
was nrcccrin@l I = t-N % tie best ply
sicians ia this coca - for years and is
a re -titr pr, SCI 1.l 4. IL II composed OF
the best tcnlcs WI. comb'a aed with tho
best blood p--r -. 1g directly on the
mucous surfaces TIE perfect combina-
ton OF the two Ingredients is what pro-
duces such wonderful results in curing
catarrh. Send for testimonials free.
+. J. CHENEY & Co. Props. Toledo. o
Sold by Druggists. price 15c ls
Take Halls Family Pills FOR constipation.
The Parma herald., 1916-06-01
LOCAL ITEMS
OF INTEREST


III
Q. x 6purrier. OF Guthrie, Ok
- "no = = 0'l'nn' y "e'
~ "7'e :" " '''f'e :
~ :" es's'
III" '' s''s ~" S ~, y ~ ,'rs' . 3 Y
.'"''os' 1919, - ."' s'" 80
Icouncil ia addition TO Ifs othe
Yards IN tbia section OF the state
n 81,
~. - - = :
NJ se'so'' p'S1 '"''''o ~ "''
~ ' - '''' '''''' '''''
John o. Malta. John, Jr., How
ard and Miss Florence' attended
the dedication exercises Of th'
Catholic chnrch az 9lenn's Ferry
Sunday.
+ q. Johnson and Chris Melt
yeldt made trip 20 the Brogn'
country Tuesday
| Geo T. crnn, olIAw,stoo 70.
oul,llcan candidate ii, Tia n,.,.i.
nation for oovernor WA ia ths
cify Yesterday ,nteryiewiuo The
|fa,tbiul
= ''""" 'o"'' "','''u - I
aone excitemenf on Main ~. yes.
tsrday : atterpoon Beyond smnsh
,no some s,aSwalk AZ the Spur.
rier lumber office and Knocking
over a cart and Shetland pony
at the hitchrack. no damage
reeulted Clarence caAou. par
mas champion aprinter. outran
the tenn and stopped them.
| II, .,......
IRON Indiana Ierida, ta spend The
summer with his nona al RoAweIl
| he and Theo. Isoeder talk Ger.
mnn like natives. That il. we
guess thoy do. for when they we're
INTRODUCED Obandorf spiert " Vie
GENTS Lapdennn7' "nd iheos
|s'et 'Nr'n. bieF WIZ ha''en
nicht fof.
Miss shirley Fisk leit Yesterday
'o' seattle 20 rpehu zen naSs on
/" s'e'' WV" "'' "'''''' ''"'''o7,
VINO K'""u"'e' 'n'S 'o''n' "up
"o" nus "..s'''" (" P''7'''''" y"
'"'. o''f "''s '"'''' "''" ~
l.s ~ tho q. A a. f,,rvaIlia
hnt h. - nov h r,l,Iorni,, o,,ne
horticultural sork
'''' 1''f"''' ''''1 '''P'' ~
enf,"eu7 y. % "ots 20 'o'',nou 'or
-" "'~s '"S' ''u',' nF '"p
a. AZ u,th . nm ogs ooo ~ ,he
,o.rka, wb,cb cl,,ssa "a, ,hsr ,,aak
"'sS '''''' h''V"e' WI 'en'e
,;.,,i .aa ,,s;, la 80. ur.
ua,d. cIart =, por,la.a
,,
'r' M .''''eN' - So 'n"' ~, ~" ~ "s'u
wv ''"' ~ '''''' "e''' 'u'S'
'su'S'''', 's'',,', ~ '' ""' '''''''
Wv
40 10. ..,,.t1is sh..n ;o,.r.s,.
I. ,a..o ..a - .,.,.
,,ro,,,n. ,o,s,..s, !, ! l,r.,o ,an,
and stock company at hrownlee
Oregon, to which place he has re
..........A -. h.. h f..ttt.. l...t....
Valdez daily prospector., 1916-01-14
WILL BUILD FINE
 BUSINESS BLOCK
Judge Bunnell Arranged for Two Story Office and Store Building
 to Be Erected in Valdez.

Judge Charles E. Bunnell, has not lost any faith that Valdez is destin- ed to become one of the largest and most prosperous cities on the coast of Alaska. He lived here for many years before being appointed to the bench in the Fourth Division and is we'll informed as to the wonderful! possibilities of the mining industry of Prince William Sound district, of which Valdez is the natural conner cial supply point.
 While on his recent visit here Judge Bunnell arranged for the con- struction of substantial business block to be erected at an early date next spring on his lots on Wall street, and nearly opposite the Alaska Steamship company's office.
 In common with most Valdez men who suffered the loss of business blocks during the great fire of: July last, Judge Bunnell will build bigger and better, and plans are now being drawn by Chas. R. Crawford for a two-story building to be erected on the site of the Bunnell office build ing which was swept awayj in the fire
 The dimensions of the building have not been announced but it Is stated that the two store rooms will be accommodated on the ground floor with office rooms on the second floor.
 The construction of the Bum el; block will fill one more gap created by the fire and will add to the general prosperity of the town.
Valdez daily prospector., 1916-01-14
65 BELOW IN MONTANA
Coldest Weather Ever Recorded in State now Prevails Former
 Record was 55 Below.

GLASGOW, Mont, Jan. 14.-This state is experiencing the coldest weather in history, with the mer- cury standing at 56 degrees below zero. The previous record for low temperature was established in Jar- uary, 1911, when 55 degrees was re- corded at Havre.
 The intense cold has caused all business to be suspended as few are venturing from their homes unless compelled by necessity. It is feared that when reports ,have been received from other parts of the state that 1t will be found that number of per sons have been frozen to death as the sudden drop in temperature followed Ia binding blizzard which had ragged for two days.
Valdez daily prospector., 1916-01-14
SENATOR WORKS
 FOR INTERVENTION
dorsing Plan to Authorize Intervention.

WASHINGTON. Jan. 14--- Decisr- ing that he wished to relieve. Presi- dent Wilson of the responsibility of ordering intervention in Mexico in order that the bandits who murdered the American miners might be pun ished, Senator Works of California, has introduced a resolution in lne :r- per house directing President Wilscn to intervene in Mexico at any time. The resolution provides that the American troops shall enter Mexico and maintain the government until it is safe for them to withdraw. when the Mexican government. has shown that it can afford protection tr tho lives and property of Americans in the country.
 President Carranza has wired the State department that Mexican tsd- eral troops are in pursuit of the mar derers of the Americans and that they will be apprehended and pun ,shed His message also states that federal troops will also guard the railroads in the districts where the Indians and bandits are carrying on guerrilla war fare, -...'
Valdez daily prospector., 1916-01-14
WANTS CHAMPION
 10 FIGHT MORAN
Purse of Forty-Five Thousand Doi- lars and Side Wagers Offered
 for Willard-Moran Contest.

NEW YORK, Jan. 14.--Tex Rick ard, who has staged some of the most successful sporting events ever held in America, is ambitious to pro- mote a boxing contest for the cham sionship of the world, and has of- fered a purse of forty-five thousand dollars for a ten round go between Jess Willard and Owen Moran in New York on March 3.
 The laws on New York state gov erning boxing contests prohibit fin ,sh fights and decisions are awarded by the sporting editors of the news papers but it is realized that if Lick ard can stage the event that it would prove one of the biggest sporting events ever held in the city an! prove an immense drawing card.
 Rickard is all admirer of Moran and believes that he is the coming champion of the world and has of fered to make side wagers to satisfy Willard if the purse is not sufficient to secure his signature to be in the ring on March when the big event will be pulled off if the contest can he arranged.
Valdez daily prospector., 1916-01-14
GENERAL HUERTA
 GOES TO REWARD
Death Ends Turbulent Career of Mexican Statesman who Was
 Denied Recognition.

FL PASO, Jan. 14.---General Vic toriano Huerta. former provisional president of the Mexican republic died here last night after an illness lasting several months. Death was due to sclerosis of the liver and had caused him to be mentally unbalanced for several weeks ended his intense sufferings. ..
 The dead Mexican statesman was born of Spanish parentage and had taken an active part in the affairs of the republic for many years before he assumed the presidency following the mysterious death of President Madero.
 When Huerta failed to secure the recognition of the American govern ment as head of the Mexican repub. lie his star was set and he was forced to seek safety in flight to Spain He returned to America last April and announced that he would make his home in New York but was arrested here last June, while ostensibiy talk ing a trip to the San Francisco ex- position. He was accused of instigat- ing an armed invasion of Mexic, from the United States and was being. tried on the charge of violating American neutrality when he was stricken with his fatal illness.
Valdez daily prospector., 1916-01-14
More Americans Enlisting.

SARNIA,-Many southerners from Kentucky, Virginia and other states are arriving to join Canadian regi- ments for service in the trenches. Most of them seek the recruiting sergeant here or at Windsor, the prin- ciple other border town, eager for fighting.
 Some of> us are in strengthened circumstances, but most are out for adventure or to help the Allies, cause" said one Kentuckian toady. "On my way up I met twenty-two fellows all headed for Canada to join the army. The movement northward has accelefated in the last two weeks"
Valdez daily prospector., 1916-01-14
LADIES WILL PUNGLE
 UP FOR THE MEN.

The committee of ladies having the Moose Leap Year dance in charge have announced that all ladies at tending the dance tomorrow evening at Moose hall will be charged the regulation admission price of $1. They have also extended an invitation to the men to attend even if they are not fortunate enough to have received an invitation from some of the ladies, and no admission fee will be charged as this is to be good old fashioned Leap Year dance in every way.
Valdez daily prospector., 1916-01-14
SEATTLE IS SHORT
 ON WATER SUPPLY

SEATTLE, Jan. 14.-Owing. to q break in the main pipe which con- ducts the water from Cedar river to the reservoirs in this city the use Fof water for commercial purposes has been prohibited until further@uotice. The break in the pipe leaves that DOT tion of the city which cannot be reached by the fire department from the waterfront at the mercy of the flames should fire break out and gain headway. It is reported that several days will be required to repair the damage caused at the place where the pipe was broken.
Valdez daily prospector., 1916-01-14
SISTERS ANGELES AND
 AMADEUS COMING HOME.

Sister Angeles and Sister Amadeus, who are passengers on the steamer Northwestern, will be connected with the Ursuline convent here. The sis ters started for Nome late last fall, but were unable to land and were forced to go back to Seattle on the same boat in which they had made the trip northward. Both have many friends here who will welcome their return to Valdez
Valdez daily prospector., 1916-01-14

SEATTLE, Jan. 14.--PaI Scott. of Thane, Alaska, was married to Miss Bess Dauphiny of Juneau here yes- terday afternoon. The bride arrived yesterday morning from Alaska on the steamer Jefferson. Scott was tn former lightweight boxing champion of Seattle and was made the recipient of 8 number of, valuable presents by members of the Seattle Athlet': club.
Valdez daily prospector., 1916-01-14
AlASkANS WE'D
 IN SEATTLE Alaska Miner Wins Seattle Nurse, and Former Boxing Champion of Seattle Gets Alaska Girl.

SEATTLE, Jan. 14.-Louis Burns, we'll known Alaskan business man. is receiving the congratulations O his friends today as he was married last night to Mrs. E. D. Grcve. The bride is a nurse and was engaged to care for the Alaskan who suffered a serious illness after coming from the north in November.
Valdez daily prospector., 1916-01-14
Bip Show at Liberty .

Don't miss Charlie Chaplin, the funniest man in the movies, in two reel side splitter, Mabel at the Wheel, at the Liberty Theatre Sunday night.
Valdez daily prospector., 1916-01-14

Republican Club Meeting.
 The Valdez Republican club will meet in the office of Valdez Trans fer company Friday evening at g o' clock. .. 2t
Valdez daily prospector., 1916-01-14

Mrs. Boyd, who left for the States several weeks ago with her two sons, lis a returning passenger for Valdez on the Northwestern.
Valdez daily prospector., 1916-01-14

Just received the finest line of neckties ever shown in Walden. st Ben SilvermanS.
Valdez daily prospector., 1916-01-14

Il Panoramic views of Child's and Miles glaciers, Dawson, Valdez and Wrangel on sale at the Valdez Drug store. If
Valdez daily prospector., 1916-01-14

Fancy stationery at the vsldes Drug Store.
Valdez daily prospector., 1916-01-14
ADMIRAL EVANS
 LEFT MONDAY

SEATTLE, Jan. 14.--The steamer Admiral Evans. of the Pacific Alaska Navigation company's fleet, sailed for Valdez and other Southwestern Alas kan ports last Monday night having been delayed in returning from the north on her last trip owing to heavy weather. Her passengers for Valdez are: Mrs. Fleming, Mrs. Peter Dav- idson and child, and A. Johnson.
Valdez daily prospector., 1916-01-14

Chris Anderson, who has been with the Granite mine at Hobo Bay for some time is In town for a few days
Valdez daily prospector., 1916-01-14

A fine display of nugget jewelry at Valdez Drug Go. tf
Valdez daily prospector., 1916-01-14

Wm. A. Hesse's scenic and wild an- imal moving pictures of Alaska at the Empress tonight.
Valdez daily prospector., 1916-01-14

The ladies' committee in charge of the Leap Year dance at Moose Hall Saturday Jan. Is, extend g cordial to the Valdez and Fort Lis cum bachelors.
Valdez daily prospector., 1916-01-14

Hats Cleaned and Blocked. Hats cleaned and blocked; suits 'leaned and pressed. if GUY F. CAMERON.
Valdez daily prospector., 1916-01-14
DONALDSON SCHEDULE

The Moose will give Leap Year dance next Saturday evening. The, dance will be in charge of the ladies' and supper win he served. k16 Asa c. Baldwin, the general lani surveyor, who has been down at the
 Granite mine for few days. return
 ed to Valdez yesterday on the launch |R. F. M.
Mexico weekly ledger., 1916-09-21
DEMOCRATS TO ToUR MESr

CHICAGO. H. Sept IL A doz-
en- or well known Democratic
speakers viii begin tours Of the Ger
trail and Western States within a few
days in behalf Of Wilson and Mar
shall. The list Will include Vice Pres
ideut Marshall, Senator Shaforth,
Senator Hoke Smith. Senator Under
wood. Senator Robinson. Senator Jas.
Hamilton Lewis, Judge Albert ..
Nortoni, William J. Bryan, Senator
William J. Stone, Senator JaneI \.
Reed and John J. LEM
Senator Reed viii tour Missouri
with a tent He will open his cam
paign at Kansas City. Judge No-toai
will speak in Missouri from Sept %
TO Oct. 6 and then make a rrip through
Utah, making a special appeal 70
Progressives- Senator Hoke Smith
will speak in Missouri from Oct. 9 TO
Il and Senator Underwood viii tour
the anne State from Oct. l6 to u.
Senator Robinson, Of Arkansas, will
also speak in Missouri from Sept. Il
to Sept. 20. John J. LEM, Of Ohio,
will open his speaking tour in Iowa
Oct. ? and after a week in that State
sill 60 to Missouri.
Mexico weekly ledger., 1916-09-21
CHRONIC DEAD BEATS.

WE are among those who really be-
lieve that the world is growing better
every year, except possibly in the d.
rection Of dead-beats. The writer has
been in Mexico actively engaged il
business for forty years, and the more
We get on the inside Of financial mat
tiers Of Mexico the more we are ap-
pahed at the number and kind Of
dead-beats we have. We don't mean
the pOyerty-stricken people who cant
pay, bit the dressed up bunch that
parade around and pose - some Of
them riding in automobiles xho
don* want to pay their debts and
don't Intend 70 pay them when they
CONTACT them.
There are people, Of course, who
ara honest and straight forward, who
can't pay. We refer to the class who
when they contract their obligations
don't intend TO meet them. This class
Of gentry is a curse to any communl-
ty. The merchants and business 1aen
are largely to blame for this condi-
ton. They should list the chronic
dead-beats and make them go hungry
or 20 to work.
Mexico weekly ledger., 1916-09-21
Loo MANY oouNTRY PAPERs

J. KELLY POOL, President Of the
Missouri Press Association. says We
have too many newspapers and in bis
address before the editors in Kansas
City advised as follows:
in towns Of two thousand ami IN
der where there now are two news
rapers, let the papers double up and
double their prices. That is the way
cut for the newspapers in the small
towns Of Missouri in the face Of the
Increasing prices Of all materials"
Mr.. Pool further admonished the
p-oprietors in cities Of six to ten
thousand, where more than one news
paper is published. likewise TO consoI-
idate. All concerned - newspapers
and public - he asserted, would ben
eft.
This is the day Of fewer papers
and better papers, " he continued. and
Of higher priced papers. And as the
newspaper conditions which are bes.
for the community necessarily arc
best for the newspapers themselves,
consolidation Of papers in communi-
ties where there are more publica-
tons than necessary is the solution OF
the problem which ~confronts all pub
fishers on account Of the unprccedent-
cd high prices Of print paper and
other material"