Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1916-07-30

bound up the wounds of theirtap-
tors; OF heroic 'rescues of wounded
comrades under fire and of countless
similar deeds that thrilled the watch
ing world.
Russia's Great Offensive Move.
The first move in the great allied
offensive was not made by the
Franco-British, however. but by the
Russians. On June 4 the troops of
Emperor Nicholas opened tremen-
dous assault on the German
lines on a 300-mile front, extending
from the Pripet marshes to Rou
mania. The Teuton lines held firm
in the north, but to the south Cen
eral Brussiloff swept through the
Austrian defenses, capturing Czerno-
witz, the capital Of Bukowina, and
oyerrunning the crown land. The
Austrian losses are declared to have
been enormous, month after the
offensive began the Russians max
ing an official announcement that
over 100000 prisoners had been
taken and at least an equal number
killed or wounded.
As the offensive developed the
Russians won new successes further
north, and at the close Of the %sr
year are engaged III mighty strug-
gle for Lemberg. the capital Of Cali.
cia. The fighting has also extended
to the extreme north, in the Riga
Dvinsk region, but here the Ger
mans have held their own and no
decisive result has as yet been gained
by either side. tat
Campaigns In Asia.
In another theater Of the war the
year was marked by other and inn
portant Russian successes. Follow
Ing the disasters on the eastern front
IN the closing months OF IBIS, the
Grand Duke Nicholas was removed
% commander -in-chief Of the Rus
sian armies and sent to take charge
OF the operations against the Turks
in the Caucasus. After months .ot
preparation he began great drive
across Armenia in January, 1910
which resulted in the capture Of
Erzerum and the port OF Trebizond
and expelled the Turks from the
greater part Of Armenia. After a
Comparative lull of some months the
Grand duke resumed his advance
Simultaneous with a serious uprising
against the Turks by the Arabs in
Arabia. The Arabs took the sacred
city Of Mecca, Jiddah and Taft, and
beseiRed Medina, the city where
Mohammed was buried and one Of
the hottest spots Of the NOLAN
rnedan world In the meantime the
Russians took Maniakhatun and
Baiburt, but these operations have
not yet reached q definite eonclu;
80 Disasters for British. 4 y
In connection with the Turkish
campaign the year saw a serious. re,
verse for the Franco-British arms
and i less important, but highly dra'
matte disaster for the British.s Ths
disastrous attempt Of the FRENCH
and British to force the Dardahelle:
and seize Constantinople was det-
initeiy abandoned in November
1915, and the allied troops withdrawn
from the Gallipoli peninsula. ,Abou
10000 troops had been used in THU
venture, supported by mighty fleet
Six battleships, FIVE British and ont
French, were sent to the bottom
as well as some minor craft, and thu
casualties were unofficialiy reportet
10 be equal to the original ,numbe
Of the expeditionary force, This wa
the result OF six months OF some Q
the most sanguinary fighting OF tn
war.
The second disaster of the Britisl
was the surrender of 10000 troop
under General Townsend to tn
Turks at Kut-El-Amara on the Tig
IA. This expedition had made sen
sational dash more than 500 miles y
the river in an attempt to seize Bag
dad. 1t was within ten miles OF IN
CITY when it was decisively defeate
by the Turks and forced to fall bac
100 miles. Here II was surrounde
and forced to surrender after a re
lief force had made several vain ei
forts at rescue.
New Nations at War.
Two new nations entered the rank
Of the belligerents during the yea
On October IS, 1915, Bulgaria threl
IN her lot with the central power
and on March 9, 1916, Germany Dc
clared war on Portugal after the r.
public had seized all German ship
interned in her ports.
The entrance OF Bulgaria into tn
arena was signalized by combine
assault on Serbia BY Austria, German
and Bulgaria which resulted in II
complete overwhelming Of the hopt
lessiy outnumbercd Serbians and tn
subjugation Of their country. Til
remnants OF the Serbian army wcr
driven across the frontier into n
wilderness Of Albania whence the
were rescued by the British. Frenc
and Italians. They were shipped |
Corfu where they were reorganize
and fequipped and later, to.the nuthbs
OF about 100000. joined the France
British forces at Saloniki. The SUI
vivors Of the Gallipoli campaign wei
also gathered at the Grecian. seapol
az well as large British ARMY frol
Egypt. This combined force is e,
timated at 100000 men and is pr
sumably being held for an attempt /
wrest Serbia from the Bulgarians.
Austro-I Italian Efforts
The principal success won by ku
trian arms during the year was a gre
offensive undertaken against Italy
May. The Austrian forces swept Il
Italian invaders back over VIII
stretch Of country in the souther
Tyrol, reconquered about 40 squal
miles Of Austrian territory and ca
ricd the battle into Italy, The Ita
ians rallied, however, and at the clio
Of the twelve months had regained