The Caldwell watchman. (Columbia, La.) 1885-1946, 1916-09-08

7 HEN the Notifications Of
M the inner city OF Lembere
" " were dsmantled in 1871 ant
the space which they occu
pied was converted into promenades
for the prosperous citizens of this
modern Galician capital Of 100000 IN
habitants, 1t was doubtless assumed
by many. that, having suffered 1.-THE
sling and arrows of outrageous for.
tune" for the five centuries Of III
municipal existence, fate would allof
1t surceaSe from siege and capture,
says the bulletin Of the National Geo
graphic society. Il.
Lying 60 miles almost due east of
Przemysl, and more than $50 miles
northeast Of Vienna Lemberg is sit
uated on the banks Of the Peltew, liver,
an afiuent Of the Bug. 1t nsStlesa IN q
ee'small valley which epenssto ne "a
and sssss froundet3 sailsye ~ =
most picturesque being the we'll ks
ed Franz-Josef Berg to the northeast,
To the east, a distance of Z miles, is
Tarnopol, near the Russian border,
one of the first points of attack when
the Muscovites pushed beyond the
Galcian frontier.
A description of the modern city of
Lemberg as it existed in August, 1914,
requires many notifications today. for
the scars of war are to be found in Its
many handsome homes; It's broad, we'll
paved streets; its Roman Catholic
cathedral, a handsome gothic structure
completed in 1880; it's Greek cathedral,
completed in 1873; its Armenian
cathedral in the Byzantine style. dat
ing back to 1887, and it's magnificent
monuments to such Polish patriots as
King John III Sobieski who, after
having saved Lemberg from the Turks
a few years previously, In 1883 saved
all Europe from Mohammedan hva-
sion by routing an army Of 100000
Turks encamped about Vienna, his own
force numbering only 10000.
Nearly 700 Years Old.
Called Lwow in the Polish tongue
and Leopolis in Latin, Lemberg was
founded by Ruthenian prince In 1859.
Nearly hundred years later 1t was
added to the domain of Casimlr the
Great who bestowed upon the city
the charter and privileges widely
known during the middle ages as the
Magdeburg Right.
Following the fall of ConstantinOple,
Lemberg enjoyed a revival of trade
with the East but it was caught In the
maelstrom of rebellion and pillage
which swept over the Ukraine hnt' u
part of Poland during the last half of
the seventeenth century, when the Cos
sack hetman, Chmielnicka, was direct
ing the infamies of the "serfs' fury
Lemberg was one of the Polish cities
TO fall before the arms of Charles XII
of Sweden when the ll-advised Au-
gpstus II was drawn into the Great
Northern war; which devastated CEN
trail Europe for the first 70 years of the
Eighteenth century. In l772, upon the
'irSt partition of Poland. Lemberg be-
came an Austrian possession, ana II
years after this event Joseph Ii es-
tabiished the University of Leihherg
which, at the time of the outbreak OF
he present war, had more than ZOO
Students.
One Of the most attractive parks OF
Lemberg, and favorite promenade,
bears the name of the Polish patriot.
Ian kilinSki. a humble little shoe
naker, who fought bravely In l196,
vas captured and taken to ST. Peters
ourg. After his release he returned
20 his shoemaker's bench and IN mis-
eisure hours wrote his recollections,
valuable record of this period OF his
'onntry's history.
Since the establishment OF the Ga
Iician diet in 1861 Lemberg mas en-
'oytd increasing prosperity. It's mahu'
sactures include machinery anu IRON
ware, matches. cundles. n4uehrs,
'hocolnte. leather, bricks anu ''ies'
While its commerce is largely III 'hen.
lax, hemp, wool and Oil.
IL 1901 two Interesting mus were
made in the vicinity of this Guy oy