davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-08-29

dation. dated December Is. 1863 the
total par value Of the stock Of the two
Companies entering into the conson-
dation was $44,s15,800. This amour.
was arbitrarily increased, without ado-
ing ore cent to the value OF the prop,
erfy. by an increase in the capitai
stociss Of the consolidating companies
Of S44,42s,33o, or. in other words.
stock dividend Of practically 100 per
cent was declared. Prior to TINS con-
solidation the capitalization OF the TWO
constituent companies nad peeh i IN
il2,500,00e, without any tangible IN
crease in the properties. As conse-
ouence, at the time of the consolidation
in 1869, $56.92s,330 Of the constituent
companies did not represent any value
paid in. The cash dividends upon THIS
inclusive, aggregates 1850 per cent
This Is equivalent to an average or
$3,387,319 per year. or total OF $l5l,-
42s,357 in dividends for the 40 years
stock which was issued prior to or at
the time Of the consolidation, and
which did not represent any addition TO
the physical property OF the company.
BY the terms Of the consolidation OF
the Chicago and Alton in 1906, $4,000
given for $22,000.000 of railway securt-
ties or. in other words, more than w.
o00, 900 of water was injected into the
capitalization Of the new company.
In the consolidation of the Missouri
Pacific properties in 1909, $22, 100000 in
fictitious securities which represented
the capitalization of the previous fnan-
cial Encouragement OF this railroad
were carried forward into the capital
ization of the new company.
A further illustration Of stock manip-
ulation and improper financial prac-
tees is furnished by the financial his
tory of the st. Louis and San Francisco
Railroad Company since its reorganiza-
ton in 1896. On the basis Of a most
conservative calculation at least $780,
100000 in unwarranted capital 1iabili-
ties has been created by this railroad
missions to banking interests and in the
acquisition Of subsidiaries and other
properties. Out Of a total outstanding
stock of $4,000. 900. $46.O00,000 is e.
timated to be fictitious and to have al
ready absorbed in dividend require
ments 100000 from the productive
efficiency of capital and labor engaged
in the operation of this railroad. As a
result of q recent exhaustive investi-
cation by the Interstate Commerce
Commission 1t. was officially declared
that the indefensible financial policy Of
the Frisco within recent years had re-
suited In the improper diversion Of
net revenue Of the railroad to q sum
(which approximates between $780,
600 and 100000 per annum''
Examples Of the improper use and
dissipation Of railroad resources could
be multiplied. The foregoing are typi-
cal and representative.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-08-29
MEN MUST HAVE EIGHT.H0UR
DAY.

During the 1915 arbitration Of wages
of engineers. fremen and hostlers. the
railroads presented names Of switch
engineers. one Of whom earned $172.so
in ''26 days" A subsequent investigation
demonstrated that this man worked an
average Of IA hours and Is minutes
par day for rs days. an equivalent Of
4sh days Of hours each. This In
yestigation demonstrated that IN order
to mako the s172.so he was not only
paid for all Of these hours that he
actually worked. but @5.ss In addition
thereto a. % penalties for working this
engineer II hours ana u minutes on
each Of these 26 days without at any
time permitting him to stop to eat
The Same investigation proved that
to earn the sum Of $116.74 in '.33 days"
q fireman worked an average Of II
hours and II minutes each and every
one Of these 40 days. and with no stop
to eat on any day. This switch engine
frenan's 20 days were made up at
397 hours, or an equivalent Of AN
days Of hours each, an average Of
99H hours par week.
At this rate for u months thts switch
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-08-29
Frenziied Finance
The Dissipation Of the Revenue
Gains of the Railroads
HAS COST MORE THAN LABOR

AZ a result Of the methods Of financ-
ing or selling securities through the
banking institutions which control the
railroads. enormous bonuses to stock
holders have been granted. During the
period 1s00-1910 alone. eighteen repre-
sentative railroads traversing all SEC
tons of the country gave away In DO
muses. to their stockholders the huge
sum of S45o.414.s92. More than $25o,ooo,-
ooo was also distributed in this way
during the same period by eight repre-
sentative Western railroads. Large I'M
dsrvriting and banking commissions
have also been paid which have been
without Justification. By way OF Illus
tration. the recent investigation OF the
81. Louis and San Francisco Railroad
by the Interstate Commerce Commits
sion showed that discounts and COM
missions were paid to banks and syndi-
Gates which aggregated the enormous
total of $32.152.6o2 during the period
18se-1s13. These are typical instances
Nv the sale Of securities at much less
than their market value. the railroad
companies have been deprived Of cash
RESOURCES which they should have had
and at the same time they have is
sued fictitious capitalization which be-
came a drain on operating revenues.
Ono banking house received Zee OF
$500. 600 for recognizing tho Chicago
Great Western in 1909. and in addition
made a profit Of 100000 for the syn
dictate which It represented. In the re-
orranization Of the Northern Pacific
Railroad In 1896. the same banking firm
-.ce,ved a commission of one-fourth OF
one Der cent upon the par value OF all
the securities deposited under the re-
organization plan. the only reservation
being stipulation tna . sne .osai ,h Zee
to this firm should not DO moro tuah
- ;S SSit Of bankers and financierr
made enormous profits in connection
with the stock manipulation and trans.
actions Of p tns aha 4Se to o
amount of the funds or resources d.
verted from the treasury OF the Chi
caro- and Alton Railroad during the
period 1899-1906 amounted TO more
han 100000 Tee eo ss1e IN yhe safe
OF the stock Of the Southern and North
arm Pacific and the Chicago and Alton
railroads to the Union Pacific Railway.
over the finances of which they had
control A banking firm which repre-
sented the syndicate received profits
an these transactions also. which were
estimated to be more than 100000.
Iarxe syndicate profits were also re-
ceived in connection with the sale to
tho Rock Island Railroad Of some Of
its subsidiaries.
AS the result OF this Reorganization
the Atchison stock issues were inflated.
without adding anything to the value
OF the property or to Its earning ca
pacity, to the amount Of $16S.os3. 0s5.
More than $4,000. 900 has already been
paid In dividends upon these fictitious
securities, which constitute liability
axainst the property, but do not repre-
sent any contribution ever made in any
way TO its earning capacity. The an
nual dividends now paid upon these
stock issues amount to $S.167,456.
The New York Central and Hudson
River Railroad was formed by CONSOLE
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-08-29
Gayety.

The Golden Crooks" with Billy Ar
lington. in a two-act musical extrava-
CANA entitled "A Trip to Sunland." will
not lose favor with Gayety audiences
this week, for the performance through
out is laughmaker of the first water,
If laughmakers are rated that way.
Arlington as Prince Bill, tho Freight
Car King" is the star of the show. but
Ii Obliged generously to share its hon
ors with Frank Dobson, as Baron
Mutt" who also is a burlesque come
dian OF no mean ability. A speciality
by Frank Dobson and Sadie Richards,
several well sung selections by Dolly
Meeden and the "Nutty Nonsense" Of
Arlington. Dobson and Eleanor Coch-
ran are features Of the first act. and q
butterfly ballet" by beautifully
ute" by Mabel Refow and Charles
Hite. are notable features Of the second
act But there are a number Of other
features more or less attractive that
are put over with a real snap and dash
by very competent company to the
unmistakable pleasure Of a large audi
snce that laughed and applauded gen.
erously-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-08-29
WHY no ADMIRATION.
RAlI20ADS KNOW VINO To FIGHT
AND WHO TO ADDITRATH


AND WHO TO A1BIT1ATE
II II trus that he railroad employees
Engaged in engine ana train ssrvics
have declined % submit thsir sight-hour
demand to arbitxation-on any railroad
OF for any class Of enpaoys&
II II 5ust a. tus that ~ Fad1oads
have refused b include IN thslr pre-
posed arbieration ssveuey-avs Of the
smaller railroads where they. bealeve .
strike for the eisht-hor day can b de-
feated.
The railroads also have refused 30 In
ciude the colored brakeman. frenen
and hostlers in their arbitration. because
those railroads that employ negroes have
never recognized that they had any
rights in the matter
And on eighteen Of the rai1roaAS On
which they propose 70 aTbitrate the
eight-hour day the railroads have re-
fused to include white hostlers in their
arbitration.
The railroads refuse 10 areitzate
wherever and whenever they feel strong
enough to defeat . strife and only In
sist upon arbitration wheFo they fear
they cannot defeat the strikA
By Just such methods the railroads
plan to deceive and cAjole tho pubic and
at tho same time defeat tho demands Of
their employees.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-08-29

eral arbitration law. known ~ the
Newlands act, IL that Of administer
ing any award reached IN IN arbitration.
For instance, a railroad and it's sm-
ployes may submit to arbitration. un-
der the Federal law. q complicated
wage dispute. The award may be In.
tended to benefit the employees, but
Immediately, and almost invariably,
the railroad ofIicials on that road In
terpret tho award to mean q wage re-
duction instead Of q wage Increase,
and thus railway employees have been
educated to look upon arbitration az
q gross injustice.
So long as operating oncers o. tne
railways are permitted to interpret
the language Of an award 70 suit
compelling the employees
to accept such Interpretation, with
the full knowledge that the board OF
arbitration aid not intend its han
kuage to be distorted. the employees
a Justified in refusing arbitration:
Can you imagine one OF the parties
to q suit at law being permitted to IN
terpret the courts decision to the e1-
tent Of compelling the other party to
the suit to accept such interpretation!
Experience has taught tho employees
that 1t requires many months. ena
often years, to secure the enforcement
Of an award as intended BY tho arbi-
traitors.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-08-29
Garden.

In The Pretenders," the photopIay
shown at the Garden Theater yester-
day and today. Emmy wehlen, the pic
ture star. ia the heroine in a story of
family who. through riches obtained
from oil on their middle western home.
endeavor to break into society" in
New York and become the victims of
interruptions persons who use their
weakness to their disadvantage and
nearly ruin the father, until his
daughter unmasks them and saves him.
and they decide to retusn to their for
mer home. the wiser for their expert
ence- Rosemary Theby and Harry
Meyers also are shown in THE Tor
mented Husband" a film farce, and
Mutt and Jer in I'm Disguise" a car
toon film, completes the. entertainment
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-08-29
Reduced Labor Cost
Increased Work and Productive
Efficiency Of Railway Employe.
RAILROADS PROFIT GREATLY

During the period of 1900 to 1915 the
average freight-train load increased
81 per cent. AS a result the railroads
were enabled to move an increase of
104 per cent In freight traffic with an
advance Of only 1s Per cent in freight
train miles.
These developments have been mark
ed by a twofold effect upon railroad
transportation employees.
In the first place, their labors and
responsibilities have greatly increased.
The engineer has found 1t necessary to
operate q larger and moro complicated
piece Of mechanism. and along with
conductors and trainmen has had his
duties increased by the responsibility
of looking after much longer and heav-
Ter trains. Tho locomotive fireman has
had moro arduous physical work to
perform because Of the necessity Of
handling more coal for each locomo-
tive mile travelled.
In the second place, the productive
sfaciency. or the volume Of traffic han
died by engine and train employees. has
been greatly augmented. Measured on
the basia Of each $1,000 Of compensa-
ton paid. freight engineers on "a rep
resentative western railroads In 1913
handled 81 per cent more ton miles than
in 1890. and freight hremen. for each
$1,000 paid them. transported SO per
cent more freight traffic in the year
1918 than in 1880. IN the year 1912
each freight fireman in Eastern terri
tory handled on an average 70 per cent
more freight than in 1902. Informa-
ton submitted In arbitration proceed
ings during 1918 also showed that train
crews transported. according to roads,
from Is to 81 per cent more freight in
1912 than in 1903.
This increased productivity Of trans
portatiOn employees has been attended
by q decrease In costs to the railroad
companies In terms Of wage payments
for each unit Of traffic handled. Each
1000 tons handled by representative
Western railroads in 1913 cost the COM
panies in wages to engineers and fire.
men 33.1 cents less than In 1890. TAX
ing all the railroads of the United
States as ono system, the total labor
cost Of operation per 1000 ton miles
decreased from sass in 1895 to $40
in 1914. Tho decrease IN cost to the
railroads for the different classes of
employees for each 1000 tons hauled
] mile was. during the same period, as
follows:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-08-29
Craudall's.

A story Of marital difficulties caused
her husband q thief. with the ultimate
opening Of her eyes to her fault and
the mans forgiveness and escape from
punishment. is told in Husband and
Wife," the photoplay feature shown At
CrandaIi's Theater yesterday. which is
being repeated today. An unusually
strong cast Of players lifts the softiid
tale into its merit as a picture and In
cludes Holbrook Blinn, Ethel Clayton.
Emmett Corrigan. Gerda Holmes, Nom
tagu Love, Dion Titheradge, Alec B.
Francis and Frank Beamish. with the
gifted child acress, Madge Evans.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-08-29
Employees Soon to Present Demands

NEW YORK. August 2s.-Employes
Of the United States Steel Corporation
and of the big meat-packing plants
throughout the United States are being
organized and are almost ready TO
present demands for better wages and
working conditions. according to an
announcement made by Frank Nor.
rison. secretary Of the American Fed
Grafton Of Labor.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-08-29
Strand.

Lima CaSslieri. famed the world over
for her beauty. is the picture star at
the Strand Theater in a photoplay en-
titled The Shadow of Her Past" in
which she is seen as singer who has
captivsted the public with her remark
able voice and personality. She loves
= struggling young artist, but casts
him aside for a duke. who in turn re-
pudiates her eventually. Lucian Mura-
tore. Mime. Cavalierfs husband, ID ME-
tured as the young artist. Ivy Close,
the screen coincidence. In The Stolen
JAIL a farce film. is the added attrac-
ton.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-08-29
GETTING THEIR WIRES CROSSED.

GETTING THEIR WIRES C1VSS6D'
In their desperate effort to force
railroad strike in the present eight
hour movement those gentlemen upon
whose strategy the railroads depend to
secure one hundred million dollars per
annum in increased freight rates out
Of the strike have presumably con-
WINGED the public that the demands OF
the employees are unjust and exorhitant-
But when the individual general man
ager takes his own employees into his
confidence, overlooking the strategy Of
those In charge Of the movement. he
does not hesitate to show his own men
that the demands Of the employees mean
an actual reduction in their pay should
their working time be limited to eight
hours.
For instance, the Staten Island Rail-
way. an auxiliary line to the Baltimore
and Ohio, in fact, its New York city
terminal, shows the following rule in
their wage agreement with their dre-
men:
sTen hours or less shan censti-
tute a day in all yard service. The
rate Of pay shall be $3.50 per day.
overtime pro rata
The language in all the wage sched-
ules IL similar to the foregoing. and
basing his statement on this rule. MI
W. ii. Averell, general manager Of the
Staten Island Railway Company, ad-
dressed a communication to his en-
ployes, which had for its purpose the
convincing Of each employo that the
demands now made upon the railroads
would actually reduce their wages. ana
this Is the language quoted rom his
communications:
while the requests which have
been made by the four organiza-
tons on the majority Of the rail-
granted. result In freight train. en-
CINE and yard men receiving each
year the same or greater pay than
at present received. because OF the
peculiar operating conditions ON
Staten Island. it Is absolutely GER
tain that by far the larger percsnt-
age of the men would. instead Of re-
ceiving more money. actually re-
ceive less.
..For example: A yard engineer
now working eleven hours at u
cents an hour. receives N.bi. or.
year. S1,645.15. On the basis pro-
posed by you. this engineer would
rates. or ,4.1o. or sl.lss.5s. This
means. therefore. that this engineer
would receive practically $50 less
per year than he 10 now getting;
tho equivalent Of nearly q month
and a quarter pay. The same thing
would be true to q greater or lesser
extent Of the pay Of flrsSnen. con-
ductors and brakemen in yard and
freight service"
Just how the general manager Of the
Staten Island Railway Company figures
out a loss of $3.50 per year for every
engineer on that road by the applica-
ton Of the demands Of employees. when
the publicity managers Of the railroads
for increase in freight rates to COM
pensate them for the increased wages
Of 500, 000,00 per year 10 only one of
the many situations In which It In evi-
dent that some people are getting their
wires crossed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-08-29
Savoy.

Dustin Farnum. pictured in the title
role Of the rugged romance Of the early
days Of American life. 'Davy Crockett"
was the aim feature shown at the
Savoy Theater yesterday. The late
Frank Mayo made the play q classic Of
the legitimate stage moro than . gen
eration ago. and the art and possible
preserve all the original charm Of the
play. but materially add to 1t in scenic
attraction: Eleanor. the dainty daugh-
ter Of Col Vaughn. an aristocrat, be-
comes enamored Of Crockett, who is q
rugged frontiersman and Indian fighter.
She reads him the poem of 'Iochinvar"
and he becomes more deeply in love
with her. finally adopting the Lochin-
var method Of winning his bride when
other. 1t IL Q clean. beautiful story
and . photoplay Of real class.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-08-29
QUESTION NOT ARB1TRAB1L


OPINIONS NOT A00TI1ADLn'
Tho number Of hours tha& IN empaoye
In any industry IL required to perform
labor within . 2l-hor period II . class
question. Concerning an class questions
there arc differences Of opinion
II requires no course Of reasoning to
convince any working man that no
tuctfon Of hours Of labor performed In
any 1A-hour period from 10 to . Is
economically correct
A vast majority Of the people VINO
have invested their capital In an indus
ty that requires the employment OF
other people In order that tho Industry
may b profitable to the investor. are
fully convinced that the reduction OF
hours Of employees from 10 10 h eco
nomically wrong.
In an engineers arbitration they found
the neutral arbitrator to b 5eeirsdd
age. bad digestion and acute prstudics-
to such an extent that he did not at
tempt to conceal his antipathy to the
engineers. Tho railroads representative
IN this wss 90 tas he eon
coded more than the so-called neutral
arbitrator wanted to give.
In an arbitration Of matters concern
ing conductors and trainmen ex-omce
cision that made the Victims say. as
though they meant It. Never again
In the last arbitration of wages and
working conditions OF Western on.
sfneers, fremen and hostlers the board
rector or trustee, was directly concern
ed in the result of the award. Aside
from many millions Of dollars Of other
railroad holdings. much or which would
be affected by the award. he was director
Of approximateiy S1s.5oo.ooe Of frst-
mortgage bonds of one Of the railroads
parties to the arbitration When his
railway financial connections were dis.
covered and official protest made against
ployes were ofiicially advised that while
it had not been known that he was
thus connected. q knowledge Of that
fact would have been favorable rather
than otherwise to his appointment and
knowledge since his appointment as an
arbitrator which in our opinion dis
qualities him as an arbitrator"
But, ignoring past experiences, let US
presume that there was an arbitra-
ton of the eight-hour demand Of rail-
way employees and that in picking the
Jury every effort was made to appoint
neutrals entirely freq Of prejudices- II
the mental attitude Of the men appoint
ed Is favorable to railway employees at
the time Of their appointment it is q
two-to-one chance that the employees will
win. If the neutrals' past environment
much evidence to convince them of the
justice of the mems demands, no eight
hour day would be awarded. If the
president of the American Federation Of
Labor is selected as a neutral arbitrator.
he will with perfect honesty and sin
cerity award railroad men the eight
hour day. II president, director or
an attorney Of some great employing
corporation is appointed, with Just as
much honesty Of purpose he will deny
the eight-hour day.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-08-29
RAILROAD PROSPERITY.

During the past year the railroads
have enjoyed great prosperity Ac-
cording to statistics just issued by the
fiscal year 1916, 155 large roads, repre-
senting more than 30 per cent Of the
mileage of the country, showed gains in
gross operating revenues over last year
Of $445,703,684. Net operating revenues
in 1915 were s27s.3s1.s24 more than in
the preceding year. The gain in net
revenue in 1915 over 1915, according TO
operating districts, was In round num-
beers, as follows:
Eastern district .......... $3.50 600. 600
Southern district .......... $4,000. 900
Western district. ......:... s1,700,0o0
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-08-29

portrays. with . realism At all times
picturesque. the roles Of q dissolute
young nobleman. . priest who gives up
the world and . soldier who dies for
France. Cleo Ridgley does artistic
work as the dancer and penitent and
the character Of the nobleman's old
time boon reveler IL we'll acted by Elliott
Dexter. For contrast there Is hilart-
Gus sketch concerning star Boarders,"
animated cartoon from the Bray studios
and Burton Holmes motion travels in the
Austrian Tyrol