davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1916-09-19
FEAR VILLA ATTACK
ON JUAREz IS NEXT
Bandlt Is Reported Entering SOUTH
east Mouth OF Santa Clara Canyon
With 8 Auto Loads Of Ammunition.
(BY WEBB MILLER.) }

Ell PAsO, Sept. 1S.-Villa is re-
ported entering the east mouth of the
Santa Clara canyon. He carried six
automobile loads of ammunition cap
tured at Chihuahua and one thousand
CarranzLsta Aecruits. Government
troops have abandoned the pursuit.
General Trevino fears to follow Villa
closely lest northern Mexican troops
desert and join him. Fresh Carran-
zista forces from Monterey may fol-
low villa.
American military men here be-
lieve all northern Mexico is at Villas
mercy. chihuahua refugees declared
the Carranzistas did not drive Villa
from the city but that the Villlstas
captured the town, released the pris-
oners, seized munitions, solicited re-
cruits and, marched away lelsurely.
Carranza officials fear villa will next
attack Juarez.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1916-09-19
HOUSEWIVES LEAGUE
TO THWART BAKERS
Big Convention OF Home Makers from
All Over United States Moets IN
New YORK TO Campaign Against
Bread Prices.

NEW YORK, Sept. ls.-Baksrs are
detected. II HIndreds Of American
housewives from all parts Of the nR.
ton meet IN New york Monday at
The session OF the national hous 3
wives league and the national breE
committee TO plan a campaign against
increased bread prices.
The bakers also face a federal trad1
commission probe. and municipal
ordinance prescribing bread sales Dy
weight instead Of loar Mrs Julian
IIehth. president Of the Housewives
league, said Tho situation Is mort
Cr't cal for producer and consumer.
My Investigation shows the increase -
erhaps Justified tut the baker must
prove H. We're hunting a remedy 10
lessen the burden on industry AMI
Consumer"
B.g bakers prescribed figures shgN
rg that higher price and the smaller
loai was Inevitable They declared
coal was ten per cent higher AMI
wrapping paper cost was increasing.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1916-09-19

AS step toward putting the library
controversy into the courts for deti-
mite settlement, the board Of mana
gers Of the Commercial association
yesterday afternoon by resolution em-
powered a special committee TO take
charge of the books of the associa-
ton, now held by the Pendleton pub
lie library, and to contract with the
county court for the care Of the same
in the county library building.
The Commercial association is lay
ing claim not only to the books held
by the association at the time of the
turnover to the city, but also to all
books purchased from the income of
the Sturgis fund.
1t is about this point that the pros
pective legal fight will be made. Judge
Fee, trustee of the fund, takes the
position that the Commercial assOcia-
ton never did own the library known
as the Commercial Association Lii
brary," that said library was original.
ly christened the "Pendleton Public
Library" and was managed by an or
ganization separate and distinct from
the Commercial association. Though
the will of Samuel P. Sturgis left the
trust fund for the benefit Of the
Commercial Association library, -
Judge Fee contents that the termi-
nology was q mistake of the attorney
who drew the will for the reason that
Mr. Sturgis knew that there was no
such library by that name.
Civic Cub Takes Action.
The Civic club met last evening al
so and by unanimous vote decided tC
take the books owned by the organi-
zation from the control Of the city IL
brary board and turn them over tc
the county library.
In the meantime none of the books
of the city library have been moved
from the county library, statements
yesterday to the contrary notwith-
standing. During the afternoon Miss
Sydney Sommerville, Formerly an as
sistant in the library, went to the
county library and under instructions
from the city library board, began the
work Of segregating the city's books
Shortly afterward three drays APP
peared to secure the books but the
draymen were notified by Miss Mason
county librarian, that the work OF
seq egation would require consider
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1916-09-19
Administration Passes
More Remedial Legis-
lation Than Any Other.
SOUND FINANCIAL BASIS
Privilege Which So Long Bound
People in SubjectiOn TO a Class
With Headquarters In wall Street,
Is OvcrthrOwn, Declares prominent
Senator.
lBy Thomas Nelson Page }

WASHINGTON. d. C.. Sept. 10
the democracy-the party of the peo-
Pile, that believes in government of
the people. by the people for the peo-
ple-and the party of privilege, that
believes in the government OF the peo-
pie by the bosses for the benefit main
ly Of the privileged class. The de-
mocracy is represented by President
Wilson with the rich fruits Of his
democratic administration to speak
for his accomplishments. The party
OF privilege Is represented by an un-
known quantity in Mr.. Hughes--un-
questions OF the day. on which he has
been strangely silent or sibyline-
backed by the bosses Of the republl-
can party. ranging all the way from
cidivant progressives 20 the most
standpat OF reactionaries but whose
one common interest is their devotion
to the perpetuatIon Of privilege. MT.
Hughes says that he stands firmly on
their platform and We know what that
platform is-the destruction OF de.
mocrAcy with its unequalled accom-
pliBhments. As they put forth no
promise OF anything constructive ex-
cept the tarlff-that mother OF spe-
cial privllege-they rest mainly on
their hostility to democracy and its
achievements.
What are the democratic achieve
ments? More remedial legislation
than had been passed before In a
lifetime. Internally. the soundest H.
nAncial legislation ever placed on our
statute books, the overthrow of the
privilege which for so long bound the
people In subsection TO a class with
headquarters In Wall street, who
dominated for selfish interests the
legislation of the country; an income
tax law which helps to equalize the
burdens OF our expenses; and the re-
construction OF n partisan tariff.
commission which Will report as to
the best way to impose such tariff;
duties as may be deemed necessary.
And now added to Its other accom-
plishmnts is the rural credits act
which will do for the farmers what
the banking and currency act has
done for the cities.
Externally, the powerful prosperity
Of a people and land kept at peace
in the midst Of war which has
drawn every other great power of the
earth within its destroying conflagra-
ton. The emancipation of the peo-
pie. the peace and prosperity of the
country, and the power of the gov
ornment greater than ever before.
are the fruits OF the democratic ad-
ministration.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1916-09-19
COMPANIES
MUST Be SEPARATED
Government Files Brief With Su-
preme Court-Combination Forms
Anthracite Monopoly.

WASHINGTON, Sept. 1s.-The gov
ernment filed with the supreme
court a brief demanding the complete
separation of the Reading Company,
Philadelphia, Reading Railways, and
Philadelphia, Reading Coal and Iron
Companv 1t charged violation of the
antitrust law and declared the Read.
ing combination had formed an an.
thracite monopoly. controlling two
thirds of the total deposits"
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1916-09-19
DEC OPTIONS UP
TWO CENTS TODAY

CHICAGO. Sept. 1s.-(Special to
the East OregonianJ Range of pri-
ces today
Open. High. Low. Close.
Sept s1.4S s1.5Oh $l.47A $1.4sA
Dec. S1.4S S1.5OS s1.47 $3.50
Portland.
PORTLAND, Ore, Sept. 1s,-(Spe-
ciaD---Cub &l.26; bluestem $1.32.
Liverpool.
LIVERPOOL Sept Is. - WheatJ
Spot No. / Manitobas. 14s Sd ($2.10
per bu.); No. 2. las 4d; No. 3 not
quoted; No. 2 red western winter,
las I'D.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1916-09-19
Warns Belligerents Hol-
land Will Defend Inde-
pendence Against Foes
FORCES ARE STRENGTHENED
Warlike Speech Delivered by Wilhel-
nina at Opening OF Netherlands
ParIiament-Iittle Monarchy VIII
Fulfill What Dutch international
Law Imposes on Neutrals.

THE HAGUE, Sept 19.-Queen
Wilhelmina opened the Netherlands
parliament today and delivered a
warlike speech. She announced that
Dutch forces were being strengthened
and munitions gathered, She warned
all belligerents that Holland Is ready.
Wen fulfill what the Dutch inter-
national law imposes on neutras but
well defend our independence against
whomsover assails it."
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1916-09-19
Cantu DLscredIts Reports.

MEXICALI, Sept l9.-Governor
Cantu discreditel the San Diego re-
ports that Carranzlstas had mobo-
llzed at Guaymas for campaign in
Lower California. 81 am under the
impression that Mexico's enemies
forged the reports seeking to arouse
a misunderstanding between Carranza
and the Cantu government" a MEM
ber OF Cantu's staff said the Carran-
zistas had no ships to move an army
against Cantu.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1916-09-19
HUGHES SHOWING SIGNS
OF ROOSEVELTIAN PEP

PEORIA, Sept. 1s.-Justice Hughes
delivered his first speech OF his new
campaign tour. He addressed the
state republican conference He re-
peated his views on Americanism, the
tariff and labor. His receptions are
pleasing, Hughes waved his hat at
street crowds and exhibited Roose-
veltian pep.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1916-09-19
DETROIT BASEBALL MAD:
10000 TO SEE GAMES

DETROIT. Sept. l9.-This city is
baseball mad. II is estimated sixty
thousand will witness the three Tiger
nd Red Sox games, which will prob
ably decide the American league
championship. Boston is two points
ahead. Both teams inflelds are Grip
pied.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1916-09-19
IDENTIFICATION OF
BLACkMAILE,RS FAILS
PRISONERS RELEASED
James Bland. Mrs. DOnahuc and Mrs.
Frances Allen We're Held In Con-
ncctiOn With Nation Wide Plot.

CHICAGO Sept ls.-Pollee this
afternoon released James Bland. Mrs
Donahue and Mrs. Frances Allen. ali.
as Chapman, held in connection with
the alleged nation wide blackmailing
and kidnapping plots Their release
followed the failure OF Mrs Regina
Klipptr ot Philadelphia To identify
them Seven allesed blpckmailer
who We're arraigncd before United
States Commissioner Foote. are To- o.
removed 20 Philadelphia for hearing
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1916-09-19
HERMISTON HOME
DESTROYED BYFIRE
Blaze From OIL Stove Completely
Burns House Occupied by Joe
Sanders and Family-NO Insurance
Carried.
(East OregonIan special.l

HERMISTON. Sept. l9.-Fire
which started from an oil stove, de-
stroyed the house occupied by Joe
Sanders and family on the W. F.
Braun place one and one-half mile
north of this city Saturday afternoon.
The building and its entire contents
were destroyed, and no insurance was
carried.
The Sanders family are newcomers
on the project. having just recently
moved down from Pendleton.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1916-09-19
Bulgarians Take NraugalIa.

SOFIA. Sept. 19.-The war office
announced that all allied attacks on
Florina were repulsed. The Bulgari-
ans were continuing to advance
against the Roumanians at Dobrudia.
They captured Mangalia. Black Sea
port. twenty three miles south or
Constanza.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1916-09-19
U. S. 1915 DEATH RATE
is LOWEST ON RECORD

WASHINGTON, Sept. 10
Census bureau figures showed
that 1876 OF every thousand in Z
habitants in the United States
) died in nineteen fifteen. This is
the lowest mortality rate ever
} recorded The bureau credited
} medical and sanitary progress
} for the improvement.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1916-09-19
NewS Summary

Local.
Commercial club takes action TINT
will put library into court.
Room for everybody at the Round
Up.
All arrangements made for West
ward HO parade.
General.
Queen Wllhelmlna delivers warlike
speech.
German counters arc heavily re-
pulsed.
Pcacc commission break avcrted'
Wilson achievements are reviewed.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1916-09-19
Germans Surrender Trenches.

BERLIN, Sept 1e.-It is announc-
ed the Germans surrendered trenches
to the British east OF Ginchy and
north of Combles. They repulsed
French attacks near Belloy and YER
vandovillers south OF the Somme. The
French penetrated trenches on the
western slope Of Deadmans Hill. The
Germans repulsed Russian Carpathi-
an attacks and took twenty five hun
dred prisoners,
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1916-09-19
PRESIDENTIAL NETTING IS
ACTIVE ON WALL STREET

NEW YORK, Sept. 19.-Presiden-
tial betting is very active One wall
street man wagered twenty thousand
on Hughes, two to one. Wilson mon
ey is more plentiful
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1916-09-19
ALLIES DO NOT LIKE
NEW GREEK MINISTER

ATHENS. Sent. i9.-All neutral
and Teuton Athens diplomats paid
congratnlatory visits 10 the new for
eign minister Carapanos The allies
remained away. II is indicated the
allies dislike CurapanOs.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1916-09-19

PARIS, Sept 19-It is announced
the Germans delivered five heavy
counters in Champagne and attacked
Deadmans Hill The Russians de-
Tending Champagne checked all the
assaults. The Germans lost heavily
on both sides of the Souain-Somme-
Ply road. The French progressed east
of Berny
italians and Bulgars Battle.
A most violent battle between the
Italians and Bulgarians has occurred
east of Beles mountains in Macedo-
MIA. Serbian artillery repulsed two
Bulgarian counters in vetrenik sector.
East OF Berny the French drove the
wedge deeper. separating Peronne
Germans from the Bavarians near
Chaulnes. They are hastily strength
ening their defenses in preparation
for strong counters.
Bavarians Show Bravery.
The recent battle south Of somme
left hundreds Of German corpses ly-
ing exposed between the lines. The
Bavarians refused to retreat and held
their positions until exterminated.
LONDON, Sept, 1s.--SIr Douglas
Haig reported that rain had halted
the British offensive. There has been
no important fighting since yester-
day. The British raided three trench
es at Richebourg Labone. The Brit
ish steamers Dewa and Lord Trede-
gar were sunk.
Armored British Motors Destructive.
A Times correspondent wired that
British armored motors killed more
uniformed Germans in one hour than
Zeppelins had killed allies It is pre-
dicted the Germans will build fleets
Of huge land dreadnaughts. 1t Is fore
"asted there will be land battles be-
tween the enemy squadronS It Is
learned the Germans destroyed one
motor in Bouleaux woods.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1916-09-19

For the accommodation 5f tho
Round-up visitors who viii eams by
special trains. electric lights have been
strung IN the O-W yard
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1916-09-19
HEAVY GERMAN
COUNTERS ARE
ALL REPULSED.
Tuetons Lose in Assault on
Both Sides Of Souain-
Somme-Py Road.
ITALIANS BATTLE BULGARS

Serbian Artillery Drives Back Two
Bulgarian Attacks In Vetrenlk Sec
tOr-DetachInent Of BavaFiAns Re
fuse TO Retreat and are AnnihilAt-
ed by Foe.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1916-09-19
WEATHER

Tonight and Wednesday fair
Maximum. 50 minimum, a.: rain.
fall, o; wind. west. light: weather,
clear
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1916-09-19
TO ADVERTISER

The East Oregonian has the largest bona
flde and guaranteed paid circulation Of any
far the largest circulation In PendletOn Of
any newspaper
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-11-08
WHY SHOES COST MORE NOW
VIZ Emergency Orders From Abroad
Cut Supply and Rni.c

We begin to see why the pric. or
shoe leather in this country is rising
TO heights ;hat keep American families
tsurins harder than ever Some EI46.-
"eo,cOt worth OF leather was exlprtcd
FROM the United States in the wear
ending last June as against 81, 900 o
in 1914. Among our 1916 leather GUS
toners Is 4 new one, Italy, which has
taken $1,000, 600 worth, n total of 20.
600, 600 pairs Of shoes has been sh,p-
ped from this country this ycsi. for
the use Of The armies in L'uroY.. Tls
department Of commerce report 'roln
which these figures are taken notes
also tIn: tho Chinese ar giving M
sandals and have bought f-u:r us three
times as many shoes t.is yea. Al. last.
Here ii Is again. While
prices can ne count or abroad The
claim OF tile American Consumer TO the
manufactured products OF his own
country comes second. II there ar.
shoes left or ii there is time 10 make
more after foreign contracts have been
filed American customers may have
then-sat continually advanced prices.
Nor is il shoes alone. We should
like 10 see American producers in more
tina one class lined up and tested
for their patriotism. With how many
OF them IS il America first" with
how many profit frs; Of all""-New
York World.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-11-08
NOT A PARTICLE \
Of DANDRUFF OR
A falling HAIR
Save your hair! Double lis
beauty i'm just Il few
M nentS.
15-cent "Danderine" makes
hair thick. glossy, wavy
and beautiful.

Within ten minutes after .t appII-
cation OF Danderinc you cannot lind u
trace OF dandruif or falling hair
and your scalp viii not itch. but villa;
VIII please you most will be after "A
lie" weeks u5c, when you see new hair.
hhc ana downN at iirSt-ycs-but really
new hai~r-ErowinS all over the SCALP.
Dai"iertno il to the hair what fresh
OF rain and sunshine are To
vegetation. II goes right TO the roots.
'~hNiSor1tcs and strengthens them. Its
eN~hilnrating, stimulating and iifc-pro-
Producing properties cause the hair to
grow lonS. strong and beautiful.
y little Dandcrine immediately dou-
bies the beauty Of your hair. No diff
ferenc" how duh, faded. brittle and
scragEy, just moisten a cloth with
Danderinc ana carefully draw il
your hair. takini; one small
strand at Il time. The effect is amaz-
ing you hair will be light, nuffy and
WaNy, ana have an appearance OF album
dance; AN incomparab tN lustcr. softncss
and luXuriance.
Get Il 25-cent bottle of knowlton's
pai'derinc from any drug store or
toilet counter. and prove tina your
hair is rs pretty and soft as any-thnt
1t has been neglected or injured by
Observation-Disclosures ull-you
surely can have beautiful hair and lots
OF II IL you will just thy II little Dan
dcrinc.-Adv.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-11-08
M'CHORD IN LOUISVILLE
FOR CAR SHORTAGE PROBE
Statement Intended 10 Throw Light
on Situation Filed by Louis
Vile and Nashville.
SEEKS TO JusTIryy EMBARGO
SHOWS Percentage Of Cars on Num-
Der "f Lines on October TO To-
tai Number Owned Range from
81 to 3d.
2 . .ncIntcn -.

"- "Hf AA h''H
LOUISVILLE. Ky. November IN
statement. wil'cn ,s intendcd CO ti.row
considerable. light on ,hc car shortage
situation has been iced VIA, =. -. Ai..
chord. % Tho Int"rstatc Commences
Commission. vino IS ncrc TO preside at
IA" commissions formal inquiry into
The subject her. t"-morrow
IN" statement wUs fitted by ihe .oui,,-
VIII" ana Nashville ';.iiru,d. ana was
'ii"uc public to-day. It shows The per
ceiitagc Of cars on :, number Of lines
ON october / to ihc ,ota. ui.nu.,
owned ranged from thir,y-threc for the
queen and cr"sc"IL 20 a31 FOR tho
central New England Hallway. she
statement was offered in Justification of
IN" l."uisvill. and Nas.rillc's ye.ant
"mbarg" against ears ycing TO other
lines.
In the case % Ia. Lons is.and ,,uii-
road. according TO Tho statement. ;l.
percenthS" of cars -: Its lines cctube,
) VAS i""i f"I Sii. E"Stor ana Df,juc.
!"".:. Ne" York, N"r' Haven AN. Hart
FORA. l2t.i: Boston and AlbauN. ile..:
'~h'Iad"!nhia and Reading. vi Eric.
ll'; Cincinnati. Hamilton and Dayton.
iI: Lake Eri. ANA Western. la4.
Michigan Central. l25: Chicago, -.
iaui. MINNEAPOLIS and Omuho. $50:
N~ahdalia. 100; Wabash. 1875: Southern.
los: Sunset Central. l2l: Grand Trunk.
10: Pcre Marquette. 1874: Big Four. loI.
Lines where the number OF cars on
th.lr INES showcd u percentage less
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-11-08
Mr.. Eta e.. tnrrinY,o,.

Especial 20 The rimcs-Dispatcn.l
~ Ntiiiitiit!. "a. November
MrN. EUR Gordon darlington. .seu
'"'tN -ti&hi Years, wife OF \. HAudolpI
: '''r'''S'""' "'cd this morning at the
i''rkm"Gt Apartments. Death folIo--
~ " stroke Of paralysis which Mrs.
t~ilri"%ion sustained last Saturday.
Mrs. Darlington was a daughter OF
lA" late James Newton and f;lvira Moon
GORDON and VAS born in L~ynchburg ON
Hu%ust :. 1855. She was n member
OF Westluinstcr Presbyterian Church
an" so one time was president OF The
ladies -\uNilinr$ OF the Young Mems
'AriSt'"u .\ssuciat zion.
IN addition to her husband. Mrs. Car
linEton is survived by three chiIdrcu.
MIs"cs Florence, Elsie and Raudolpl
: arlington. and two sisters. Mrs.. limo
""n M~imncScrodc. Of ~Lynchburg. and
MR. William :. Gordon. "t richmond.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-11-08
Pollard Says Law
ShouldBe Changed
Freely admits Injustice to Bryan
and Others, but Has No
Recourse.

The decision Yesterday OF Judge
Richardson N the case Of John stewart
i'ryan.' said Attorncy-General John
Garland pollard last night. rs in keep
!rG with the statutes and tho Uniform
uoc.sion Of the courts thereon. / freely
adEit that IL is nothing shor; Of an
"ntrnse that these citizens should have
lost their votes, aud I hop. their in
~d!enation will last until IN" next scs-
sion OF The General Assembly. aud that
a l.w will then be passed which will
more effectively safeguard ,Ilc &C.
rnracy Of Tho lis, ana provide FOR u
letter no ici t. the citizen of u pos
sible omission Of his name.
Il sin gladly cooperate win otIei
citizens TO correct the injustice Of til,
present law. but viii NOT stul;ify
myself 10y aging that, the law allows
'Ies" gentlemen To vote. when know
'he law i TO the contrary. some at
iHmpt has been made by ignorant q:
i.'iici"ns people to make II appcur
tnat By an erroneous opinion OF mine.
eltIz"ns we're deprived OF thct. lawful
Ilght 10 vote.
"rhc truth is tina, the Constitution
a1i laws provide that the trcasurcr's
list OF those who hav. paid their poll
taxes shall h. conclusive evidence o.
ihc facts therein stated for the pur-
Dos" of voting, and provides mat The
t-c"sIrcGs lis, snail be posted 81 each
uosllng plac" Tor thirty days. and thaj
'ft person whose name is crroneously
rnt'tted from the liSt may. after i've
Gays written notice to The treasurer.
aipiS 10 III" court TO have the lis;
corrected. Cases under these pro-
.slpns have frequently arisen. ana me
courts have. without exception. held
i.t;.', II "A citizen fails 30 avail himself
til" rcIned" provided by law for
correcting the treasurer's list. ne loses
his vote.
$50 ono could ro=re, more ,nan
90 that 80 many good citizens should
ave los their votes. but canno,
AhhEc IN. laws passed by the Cen
eral Assembly. nor can | reverse he
of courts. as some thought
less persons seem 10 think. cannot as
sumo the responsibility for unjust laws
PIE sod by tho General Assembly. nor
am ! responsible for the negligence Of
officials who leave of the lists citizens
whose names should there appear. nor
ann responsible. for the fact that citi-
2cns fan TO avail themselves in due
time ii the method provided by l,w
irT IN" erection OF The trensurers
HIST