davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-03-18
Pact Is Satisfactory.

This pact which it is desired to es-
tablish is very satisfactory and highly
significant. because in the future no
American power. including the United
States. can acquire any territory out
side Of its legally established borders:
this. and nothing else, is the meaning
of the stipulation of the common guar
antee of the territorial integrity and
the political independence of the ma :
tons subscribing to the treaty.
This government sees in the project
of the North American government a
very laudable and sincere effort for
preserving peace among the America II
nations and eliminating from diplo =
matte relations many obstacles that
impede good harmony among the states
and SOW lack of confidence and sus-
picion. above all. when "A diploma ic
dispute with strong governments takes
place, which are not always willing to
concede the rightfulness of the ella i'm
to the ones who possess inferior meaus
of material defense, although ii be-
longs 10 them
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-03-18
Peruvian Fiscal Agent in U S.

LIMA, Peru. March 1s.-Manuel Mon
tero Tirado has accepted appointment as
financial agent Of Peru in the United
States.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-03-18
American Fraternity.

This step, of such transcendence in
the policy of American fraternity that
animates the North American govern
ment. is the most firm foundat alton upon
which tho destinies Of America could
rest. and which reserves to her the fu-
ture organization of the world.
"Eeing profoundly convinced that the
tendency Of the nationaIities to torn
an irresistible and characteristic tendency
OF the new times. ! believe that the first
principle and the primary necessity of
the international organization of the
American peoples should be unrestricted
and absolute respect for the spontaneous
formation of groups which should be
constituted with entire freedom and only
through the affinities which consolidate
and attract the various national ele-
ments without obstruction or outside
pressure of any kind.
Unless the principle Of nationa lities
which is the supreme form of popular
sovereignty. constitutes an imperative
statute within the American public law,
peace and order cannot be a complete
and established fact upon American soil.
And the obedience to such principle
imposes duties of an imperious charac-
ter upon the stronger states if they
wish to fulfil! the mission that they
have to accomplish in the concert of
iree peoples.
But in order that those ideas, reveal
tory of the highest desideratum of
American public law, can be from now
on n living and fecund reality, 1t is
necessary that the strongest and most
stable powers do not arrogate to them
selves any supremacy nor try to i'm
pede the free development of the small
American nationalities by means of CO.
ercive systems or by. intermeddling in
their territory. Thus. and only thus,
would it be possible to reach an inter
national American organization found
ed upon the basis of justice. liberty AMI
law.
The political systems that seek the
solution Of international problems by
means of tutelage or of hegemony
have resulted always nugatory and in :
furious to the constitution OF order
and the just and profitable develop
ment of the community of the nations
And this is precisely. to my mind
the spirit and the scope of the ample
and most high direction in which the
North American government anxiously
desires 10 push forward the interna-
tional policy of the new world.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-03-18
Little Interest
Taken in Caucus,

emit less than a dozen people were at
tracted. The trouble with the public
caucus seems to be that no member
of the House seems willing to express
his real thoughts and there is evidence
that even these public caacuses have
been rehearsed to the course of proceed
ure outlined in advance.
Caucus rules" are frequently de-
nounced on the floor OF the House. but
they have many practical advanta ges.
The caucus enables every member Of
the House to get line on his neigh
Dor in his party and permits the adj
ministration leaders to sound out their
new aids to see whether they will fol-
low willingly or not. The caucus pro-
vides a method of scheming and plan
ming and hammers the team together.
IT gives all hands chance to know
exactly how all members feel about u
bill or any party policy, and is really
means Of obtaining an insight into
the memberships innermost feelings
Many man has spoken bitterly
against a bill in caucus and then turn
ed around to support it with glowing
speeches and vote in the pitiless pub
licity OF an open session of the House.
After all. the caucus is nothing but a
part of the present political system of
government. and will probably not be
changed until the manner of represent
ative government is changed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-03-18
Caucus Common
Early in Session

Outstanding on all subjects and eau
bolted new members who arrive with
| their heads full of firebrand ideas They
are oftentimes allowed to go the limit
in caucus. after which they are taken
in hand and if possible trained down
to point where they will not attuck
the administration too often in public
debate. OF course, in the case of Ger
tain members, this is impossible
When the Underwood tariff was in
the making there were important eau
Gus meetings of the House democrats
That bill affected every district in the
country and there wasn't democrat
of the bill. However. many of them
wanted to stave off reduction of tar
if on articles produced in their own
districts which might feel the compe-
tition of foreign goods under a free
trade or a reduced duty charge. Many
of these men did not wish to howl
against the democratic tariff plans on
which they had ridden into Office. So
all hands went to the caucus, where
doors were closed and cigars lighted
and they went at it hammer and longs
endeavorlng to get at some common
understanding. Every one said hiJ
say and then when the final vote came
the caucus ruled that the democrats
were to vote solidly for the Under
wood tariff bill. That is the rule of
the caucus-if you attend it. you are
supposed to be bound by it. In case of
caucus rule running against some
campaign pledge or promise the men,
Der SO affected is excused.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-03-18
Welding Process
Aids Solid Front

stand-pat policy and the majority
eventually would be split to pieces
However, the grave and reverend
House leaders get into the middle of
the floor at a caucus and show the
wild-eTed insurgents that the party
power will be vitiated and that every
man must sacrifice his own personal
prediction for the party good, and
as rule the action of the ma jority
caucus shows the country in advance
what the action of the House will be
No speeches ever are delivered on the
floor of the House which equal in
fervor the speeches made in caucus,
where there are no reporters and no
public present. In those caucus
speeches spades are called spades and
members are likely to call one another
even worse than spades. And after it
is all over these party colleagues adj
Journ and come back to a regular meet
ing Of the House to vote the way the
caucus has decided they shall vote.
When the SiXty-third Congress opened
the score of bull moose members de-
cided that they would have no secret
caucus, but would open their party con-
ference to the press and public. This
worked very well for time, until sew
eTal members had delicate matters of
policy TO discuss. The party did not
like to q abandon its policy o. publicity
so compromise was effected whereby
the caucuses were held publicly. but in
inconspicuous places and without an
nouncement.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-03-18
Ee7 Imporant South and Central American Conditions
UNCLE SAM, ESQ.
How Congressman Are
Whipped in Line
By Oliver Owen Kuhn.

Probably the most interesting Scs-
sions of the House of Representatives
are not public sessions at all. and, in
reality. have no real part in the House s
business as outlined for Congress by
the trainers of the Constitution. How
ever. they are the most entertaining
meetings which occur about the CAPT
tol, and inasmuch as they are held be-
hind closed doors. with brawny door
keepers at every entrance. only en-
ployes of the proper political faith are
allowed to witness the wrangles going
on within. These sessions are the
meetings of the caucus
Each political party has its own rules
regarding the calling of q caucus but
any member who can procure enough
signatures to petition for caucus
caucus chairman, secretary and other
officers, just as any club or associa
ton.
The purpose of the secret party eau
Gus in the House is to bind the part
representatives together on a matter
or policy and to force the waVerin 2
and recalcftrant members into line with
the policy of the leaders: or, in the case
OF insurgents calling a caucus, to en-
deayor to overthrow the leaders rule.
1t is family affair. and Theoretical II Y
none of its delibera tons are to lea *
out to the public. This, however, is
reports of secret" caucuses frequently
appear in the press.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-03-18
DIXIE GOES AHEAD.
III.-Makmg the Sand Hills
Bloom.
By Frederic ]. Haskin.

SOUTHERN PINES. March 13.-This
long ridges. festooned with wiregrass,
which nothing will eat, and decorated
here and there with a crooked pine tree
not worth cutting down. 1t looks like
the poorest farm land in the world
and for a long time it was taken at
its face value. According to a saying
current not many years ago, if a rab-
bit wanted to cross this country he
had to carry his provisions with him.
If bre'r rabbit came this way now
he could camp beside some of the finest
sweet potato and truck patches in the
country. he could find vine yards of
sweet grapes that covered hundreds of
acres, and his boobinG tail would be
multiplied a million times in the burst
ing bollS of the cotton fields. For the
sand hills have been transformed. In
ten years waste has been made a
productive farm country. There are
still thousands of acres to be reclaim
ed. but their productivity has been
proved. and this is the story of the
men that made the hand hills blossom.
First of them was DR.. Seaman A.
Knapp. government expert and rural
philosopher. There are probably peo-
pie in the Carolina hills who never
heard that Roosevelt went 10 Africa,
ard are still ignorant of Bryans fond
ness for grape juice. but there are
none who do not remember and revere
Seaman \. Knapp. He came to the
sand hills to study the cotton boil
weevil. He found a community of
Highland Scotchmen living in the val
leys and bottoms, where they raised
enough food for their own consump-
ton. The tast rolling areas of the
sand hills had never felt the bite of
plow- They were regarded as fit for
nothing. after the timber had been
cut.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-03-18
Germans Are First
to Raise Peaches.

Ing peaches in this country. The San
Jose scale had long made peach rails
ing apparently Impossible, although
the soil was admirably suited to the
trees. Along came a German horticul-
turist and announced that the scale
had no terrors whatever for really
scientific man. He proceeded at once
to raise peaches in large quantities
and number of others have followed
successfully in his footsteps.
The sand hills are emphaticslly a
new country. Long ridges covered with
pine trees and wire grass: tangled bot =
tom swamps. where deer and turkeys
snd foxes abound. are still the greater
part, But here anu there. most untX-
p<ctedIy. you ride upon vineyards and
cotton fields and truck farms New
schools and churches are going up.
New ssnd-clay roads are reaching like
red veins all over the country. It's
still a country of sand primarily. but
the people have some OF the sand. too.
and the human kind is winning out.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-03-18

The republicans but recently threw
their caucuses open TO the public, and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-03-18

Party caucus is common in the early
days of House which has lust
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-03-18

If it were not for the welding process
of the caucus no majority could retain
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-03-18

DIR. Knapp knew that Boston got all
its truck from a sand fiat, and New
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-03-18

The cotton business got its big boost
when some young men with money
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-03-18

One other element of strength that
went into the making OF the sand hills
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1916-08-11
FAMOUS WRITERS PUT
QUESTIONS TO HUGHES
General Criticisms Worthless, What
Do You Propose to Do?' They
Ask in Open Letter

New York, Aug. Son behalf of a
committee of distinguished American
writers, the executive group Of which
met yesterday at the Hotel Biltmore,
George Creel gave out the following
letter:
"To the Hon. Charles E. Hughes
The professional writers who sign this
letter have small interest in parties,
but very deep interest in democracy.
1t is our hope, through this voluntary
association, to assist in the promotion
of honest, educational discussion in
order that fundamental issues may
not be decided in prejudice and igno-
rance.
"Mr. Wilson's beliefs have been ex-
pressed in law and in declared policies,
He has made an open record by which
he may be judged. Wise choice is not
possible unless you yourself make
equally specific statement of purposes
and convictions.
''Without intent to offend we feel
justified in charging that in no single
public utterance have you filed bona
fide bill of particulars, nor have you
offered a single constructive sugges-
ton.
"Generalities are without value.
Blanket criticism is worthless. What
we desire to know, what it is fair that
the electorate should know, are the
exact details of your agreement with
President Wilson. What has he done
that you would not have done, and
what has he failed to do that you
would have done or propose to do?
Honesty and patriotism demand
that you put yourself upon record in
such manner as to permit people to
Judge you as they are now able to
Judge President Wilson.
"For example:
1. "Would you have filed instant
protest against the invasion of Bel
GUM and backed up that protest with
the United States Navy?
"2. 1t is arrant nonsense to talk
about action that would have prevent
ed the Lusitania tragedy, as the vague
advertisement did not appear until
shortly before the hour of sailing. The
occurrence was one of those things
that civilization has made the world
regard as incredible. The only honest
question is this: Would you have
made the disaster the subject of diplo-
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1916-08-11
AMERICANS TAKE
TOO MUCH MEDICINE

The people of the United States take
an enormous amount of medicine I'M
necessarily, says DR.. M. P. Ravenel of
the department of preventive medi-
cine of the University of Missouri.
The patent medicines manufactured in
this country are valued at more than
Sal 100000 annually, and we import
almost $500,000,000 worth of drugs
and medicines year. 1t is impossi-
BILE that this much medicine is needed
in the country. A large amount of it
is taken without the advice of a ply
stefan, and without any clear diagno-
sis having been made as to illness.
1t stands to reason that any drug
that is strong enough to produce
marked effects Of a curative nature,
must produce bad effects on the body
when taken in large doses or over a
long period of time.
This dependence on drugs is irra-
tional Drugs are powerful. and
should be taken only on the advice of
those who have made study Of their
uses and actions. Under such condi-
tions a much smaller quantity Of
drugs would be taken because all ply
sicians realize that drugs cannot cure
most diseases, however useful they
may be in alternating symptoms and
in assisting nature to the desired end
Especially to be avoided are those
medicines containing alcohol, opium
or other habit-forming drugs. We
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1916-08-11

matte negotiations, or would you have
broken relations with Germany at
once?
"3. Would you have urged upon
Congress an embargo upon the ship
ment of munitions to the Allies?
"a. Would you urge universal COM
pulsory military service?
"5. You are frank in stating that
Huerta's morals were of no concern
to America. Does this mean that you
would have recognized Huerta?
"6. AS matters stand today, would
you be in favor of intervening in Mex
leo?
~. Does your attack upon the Will
son shipping bill mean that you are in
favor of ship subsidies?
"8. You speak enthusiastically of
the rights of the workers. Does this
imply that you indorse the Clayton
antitrust law and the seaman's bill,
or will you urge their repeal?
"9. What are your specific COM
plants against Federal reserve law?
40. AS Governor of New York,
you opposed the income tax, amend
fueub. OOCo Lillo tlbdBOIilSHi pSlSlob
Do you or do you not believe in pay
ing for preparedness out of a tax on
incomes, inheritances and munitions :?
A Critical Period
"We agree with you that it is a
critical period, by far too critical,
indeed, for candidates to talk in terms
of office-seeking rather than the sim
pie, earnest language of definite
Americanism.
Respectfully,
(signed)
Samuel Hopkins Adams, Ray Stan
nard Baker, Ellis Parker Butler, L.
Ames Brown, Dante Barton, Irwin
Cobb, Wadsworth Camp, ]. O'Hara
Cosgrove, Stoughton Cooley, William
L. Chenerey, George Creel, James
Forbes, Frederick G. Howe, Eugene
Manlove Rhodes, Boardman Robinson,
Opie Read, William Leavitt Snoddard,
Gibson Gardner, Frederick Stuart
Greene, Oliver Hereford, Prof. Louis
Johnson, Richard Lloyd Jones, Peter
d. Kynes, Percy Mackaye, A. J.. Nc
Kelway, Meredith Nicholson, Albert
]. Hook, Harvey J. O'Higgins, Chas.
johnson Post, William Mcleod Rayne,
John Reed, Edgar Selwyn, Lincoln
Steffens, Augustus Thomas, Frank
Vrooman, Geo. Mast"
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1916-08-11
FIGHT FAIR, GENTLEMEN, "
IS WARNING TO G. o. P.
Republicans Can't Claim Superior Pre-
science Over Rivals, Who Have
= Record for Wise Enactments

The New York Evening Post, an
independent newspaper, on July IS,
the day following the signing of the
rural credits bill by President Wilson,
printed an editorial which was de-
signed to demonstrate to Republicans
that they must fight fair in this cam
paign.
Eight fair, gentlemen" admonished
the Post. "Don't assert that the
Democrats are damned if they don't,
and doubly damned if they do. And
don't tell us Republicans, we implore
you, that all the abilities and all the
virtues are safely stored away in
your breaches pocket. 1t isn't so, and
you know it, and the whole country
knows it,"
The editorial said that the President
was warranted in making something
of ceremony" Of his singing of the
rural credits bill. The editorial con-
tinued:
at is piece Of constructive legis-
lation which is designed to supply
something long and VIGOROUSLY lack
ing in our financial system-some-
thing in respect Of which most other
countries have been far in advance of
the United States. This has been
| frankly admitted by our most compe-
tent authorities. All political parties
have been declaring for years past
that American farmers ought to be
able to get loans on easier terms.
President Taft took the matter up,
and worked hard to get something
done, but failed entirely. 1t remained
| for Democratic administration to
write this important law upon the
statute books. Taken with the Fed
eral Reserve Act, the establishment
of Federal Trade Commission, the
repeal of free tolls at Panama, and
the passage of several important bills
of the class of the Workingmen's
Compensation act and the child labor
law-the two latter yet to be achieved
it makes up record of legislation
which no Republican administration
of recent years came anywhere near
matching. Of itself it constitutes a
powerful claim of President Wilson
upon the approval of the nation.
1--WE know what Republicans will
say of these Democratic laws. So far
as they are good, it will be asserted
that they are of Republican inspira-
ton. This is especially alleged of the
reform of the currency. 1t was be-
gun bv Republicans. And, as the
Philadelphia Press ingeniously said
some time ago, the Democrats are not
going to be allowed ito hide their
sins" behind the new banking law the
impetus toward which and the mater
ial upon which it was based came from
Republican sources. Admit all this
and still the fact stands out that il
| was the incompetent Democratic par
| ty which did for the country what the
supremely efficient Republican party
was totally unable to do.
i This is wholesome thing to beal
in mind just at present, for it is evi.
| dent that the Republicans will b.
| tempted to go into the campaign with
!, their old calm assertion that they pos
sess a monopoly of the political virtue
and the political ability Of this coen
try. Mr.. Hughes himself, in some
things he has said, appears to lear
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1916-08-11

that way. Now, if he begins making
speeches along that line-affirming
that the country needs great things
done for it which only the Republicans
have the skill and power to do-he
will be confronted with the Democratic
record we have referred to. With that
he will have to deal fairly, if he wish
es to retain the respect of his country
men. If he elects to attack the FEEDER
al Reserve law, or the Rural Credits
bill, let him do so squarely, and with
reasons given. But it will not do for
him or any other Republican orator
or editor to argue that the enact
ments are good, but that the party re-
sponsible for them is incurably bad.
Above all, il will not do to go up and
down the land with the pretence that
the Republican party is alone eft to
rule; that it is a thousand times wis
err and more effective and purer than
its rival.
The fact is otherwise, and is known
of all intelligent and fair-minded men
to be otherwise. 1t is SANDER and
an insult to one-half the voters Of the
United States to tell them that hey
are not capable of banding together in
a political party to work for the ends
they have in common. And it is al
ways bad sign for party when its
leaders begin to assert for it monop-
oily of knowledge and of goodness
This is a form of pride which goeth
before destruction. 1t was similar
naughty spirit which the Tories of
England affected along in the first
years of this century. Mr.. Balfour
said in almost so many words that it
was inconceivable that any party but
theirs should be in power. But they
shortly went out of power, to stay out
ten years, and with no present pros
The Farmington times. (Farmington, St. Francois County, Mo.) 1905-1926, 1916-08-11
CALL FOR PLATFORM
CONVENTION TO MEET AT
JEFFERSON CITY, AUG. q

The Democratic State Committee is
called to meet in Jefferson City at the
parlors of the Madison House, at
noon, Tuesday, August %, for the pur-
pose of transacting such business as
may come before said committee and
also to organize the new committee,
and after having so organized said
committee, shall meet with the party
nominees for State offices-Congress-
men, State Senators, Representatives
and aid in formulating a State plat
form of the Democratic party.
d. G. McCLUNG, Chairman.
G. H. Middlekamp, Secretary.
AS directed by the law, the Demo-
cratic State Platform Convention is
called to meet at Jefferson City, Tues
day, August %, for the purpose of
formulating State platform Of the
Democratic party, and transact other
such business as may properly come
before this meeting.
d. C. McCLUNG, Chairman.
G. H, Middelkamp, Secretary.
.-------------------
There are some purchases beyond
the reach of the Perkins check book.