davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-12-01

Ironing sheet: Unbleached muslin
(homespun9. Cut shape Of board, al.
lowing inches on sides and end and
hem all around. Attach tapes on op.
posite sides about 10 inches apart
Tie the sheet on with these tpaes.
Make two sheets.
The cover and sheet may be left on
when putting the board up by allow
ing sufficient space when adjusting
the button or screw hook and eye
which holds the board in place.
scrubbing Chariot.
The "scrubbing chariot consists Of
comfortable padded frame on rollers
which enables the housewives, in wip-
ing the floors. to do the scrubbing
with more ease and comfort and save
a great many steps. This may be
built at very small cost. ths>snaterial
needed consisting of Y inch plank.
20 BY 10 inches. 2-inch strips for the
sides, which should be 8 u inches long
by 4 inches wide, and a front piece.
of the same material 20 inches long
and inches wide An ordinary soap
box can be used for this by cutting
down the size to about inches high
and knocking out one side. The pad
ding for the, bottom Of the chariot
may be made Of burlap. Tack this
around the inside of the chariot and
place the whole thing on four rollers.
Place soap dish on one side and a
little rack for the scrubbing brush on
the opposite side. This continuance,
It is estimated, costs about ~ cents.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-12-01

~d~ EPaaIAI snRoscIu

Tile rose has probably been cultl-
Va Oh as long as any ornamental plant
nd it holds a warmer place In the
I! srts of the people than any other
4 over. \ From earliest times 1t mas
j Il, a favorite. 1t has figured in the
. allure of all ages and all nations.
- n!e in all stations Of life yield
+, age to it's beauty of form and
j, and to it's delicious fragrance. 1t
owed by poor and rich alike. It Is
/ ,own in the dooryards of the least
/; : entious cottage, where often the
! ipants are stinted in food and raj
]: ,'Ht as we'll as on the grounds of
ttcSe estates, where abound the choic-
,'ngs that money can buy. 1t Is
K iowlr in immense quantities I'M
=, SIS and is the most popular WIN
j at flower for all occasions. So
81 = Il hold has it on the affections of
re ncrpie that It is often spoken Of
;'f queen of flowers"
:. III roses abound in great variety
ever ractically all the temperate re-
.sfon OF the earth. Man has taken
DIX; II age of this and has appropri
;,tci Re most pleasing wild forms for
rs use. In addition. he has so modi
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-12-01
Folding Ironing Board.

Another step saver that may be add.
ed to the list Is the folding ironi1e
board and cover. This device, which
is hinged to the wall. is always ready
and in place. 1t may be hooked up
against the wall out Of the way when
not in use. The leg is hinged to the
board and falls fiat when the board
Is lifted. With it down and in use,
the leg is not in the way, and skirts
may be ironed without any lifting or
changing. The directions for making
follow:
Ironing Board.
Length, 81 inches; rounded at free
end. Width. attached end. Is inches;
free end. 10s inches. Leg, SSH
inches, to be changed to suit height
of board: attached to board II inches
from free end.
Board to be attached by hinges to
the wall 33 inches from the floor For
use by a person above average height,
the board should be higher, which
will necessitate a longer leg. Board
70 beInade of thoroughly seasoned
wood Il inches in thickness.
Cover.
Pad: Any heavy material such as
flannel or a partially worn-out
blanket. Cut shape Of board, allow
ing 2 inches on each side and end.
Bring extra inches to underside of
board and tack firmly and smoothly
in place.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-12-01

ars produced thaA bsov NJ DoQuoa1
years bloom. The bsse ~ - q ~
move al the old wood u tAi0 tina .
that all the strength viii o. ~ ~
young shoots. WhaRo ~ Spanp ~
trained over . trelkp % AAgA - o.
seasons growth viii ne osvss h ~
method Just Described - ne4 pseeeap,
able. In such eases opuno a ~ -
shoots should b eat a q ~ sso
and the othssy should 10 slosau3
from J 70 test, ,dapondane "a -
amount Of growth ~ slns - -
making each voaa. NM shoo0 du
DO trained 10 tAlns khA p1aoo q 49,
removed. Il 1hould b hapt GnaG1nn6v
ly in mind nat The peso04 yoore
srowth bsass nszt y~Fv Ao1sslni
branches and that Q 1sw ytopRoa0
branches are mooo ooal1skAo ~
many weak onsA
Roses Of ne hu1sld 0eAstea, spnpI
Of which the Marched 1oeu y Q -
rsssntstivA should b tzalned u ~
good strong eaas. wlsh - ssAs ahoo6'
out. back to Aho0k thsoe s0ua ~
main cane can b 5snsspsd AaaaDpo.
ally.
The chssukss pooo shoanaA b tjznA.
cd like the border ross4 psnzlng ouay
dying or crossing branohoA Dvusy
few years IL may be oaG baoh sessssly
and allowed TO starr aGaAn.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-12-01

compartment is a drawer which Is di-
lHided in the center by one-half inch
strip. One side is used for the linen
and one side for the silver. The side
used for the silver is lined with blue
outing flannel because this serves the
same purpose and is cheaper than
felt. spool was cut into halves to
make the knobs for the drawer and a
pair of these knobs was placed on
each side SO that the drawer could be
used from either side. The legs were
square pieces of wood L u inches
square with rollers. Old rubber-tired
wheels from toy wagons or discarded
baby coaches may be used. This is an
Improvement because the tray rolls
noiselessly. In some cases the legs
from old tables can be used In place of
having these made. At each end two
brackets were placed so that the table
could be pushed or pulled. When the
soiled dishes were taken to the kitchen
and washed, they were placed in this
serving compartment with one hand
ling only, the lid placed down and
the roller tray rolled into the dining
room, with the dishes and silver ready
for setting the table at the next meal.
1t is not necessary to put them away
because they are out of the dust when
the top is down. The estimated cost
of this convenience, Isl:
DTS SOOuS DOx. ....$U. 20
yard blue outing flannel. -. 10
remnant white oilcloth. -. .15
Z hinges. ............... 10
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-12-01

water stands about their, roots. Plant.
ing should be done carefully q In the
case OF roses for Landscape purnosas
rms method has already been de-
scribed.
Special pruning methods must b.
employed for climbing roses. These
methods are determined by mora 81
iess Of compromise betwsen the de-.
sire. on the one hand. to force the
growth Of blossom bearing, new wood.
oy removing old wood, and. on the
other hand, the desire to keen arbors
and similar structures at Least partial.
~ covered One-half Of the wood
should be pruned from all the climb
ers, as from the other types Of rosas.
at planting time. In the case Of TIA
established plants the Wiohuraanna
and hardy climbing roses should b
pruhed just after blooming. AZ ~
time young shoots Will have s&aztoA
from the roots. The growth q thaes
shoots should be encouraged, q & u
from them that most Of the bsaaoAas
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-12-01

lures. Roses used in this way are u.s.
ually in conspicuous places and flow
ers can be depended on for ornamen-
tai effects for a relatively short period
only during the year. Climbing roses
with poor leaf development or those
especially liable to attack by insects
and diseases. therefore, make, but "a
poor appearance. The climbing roses
are divided roughly into two divisions.
The pillar roses are those not growing
more than s or feet high. The more
vigorously growing roses Of the group
are the climbers or ramblers.
OF the trellis ard arbor roses the
members Of the Wichuraiana or Me-
mortal group are among those most
resistant to disease and insect attack.
They have foliage pleasing to the eye
throughout practically all seasons.
The blossoms are white end single.
The Multifiora climbers flower in
clusters. Many Of them, however, es-
pecially the so-cailed ramblers. are
subject to mildew and insect attacks.
They are reasonably hardy in the
North. Roses Of the Laevisata group.
represented by the Cherokee, on the
other hand. require warm climate.
This is true also of the roses Of the
climbing, Noisette group represented
by the Marechal Mel and LAmarque.
These roses are suitable for culture
only in the warmer sections where the
winter temperature seldom falls be-
low 10 F. above zero.
Climbing roses require large quanti-
ties of plant food. The body Of good
soil ava1able should be equal to .
mass feet square and 80 inches deep.
A hole Of this volume should be dug
and filled with good garden soil mixed |
with well-rotted manure. Climbers>I
like. all other roses, require good |
drainage. No roses will thrive where |
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-12-01

AS white grubs. This, thersfoso. should
be practiced when earlier p8oW1ng -
impracticable. Farm poultry traAnsd
to follow the pillow are also Of graat
value IN destroying the pest. and heoy
thai are allowed to pasture upen lard
that harbors cutworms win root up
and devour great quantities OF the in
sects.
In, most cases the moths Icy their
eggs in the late summer or early fiji
In fields which are covered with gs1ss
or weeds. The worms hatch in q lew
weeks. feed upon this vegetation until
cold weather, and then hibernate -
caterpillars. When the
infested field is broken up and planted
to corn or other wide-row crops In the
spring. the worms are deprived Of
their natural food and are compelled
to attack the newly planted crop.
They continue to consume an enorm-
Gus amount of foQd until they have
attained their full growth. and change
to the pupal or resting stage y late
June or early July.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-12-01

One Of the roses which has been
found admirable for this landscape
planting is the Rugosa or Wrinkled
japanese rose. 1t is hardy in the
North, succeeds we'll in the South, and
thrives within reach Of ocean spray.
1T blooms nearly all summer. Both
red and white varieties are availa BILE.
The Carolina rose. also suitable for
lawn use, thrives in the entire terri
tory east of the Mississippi River, sue
ceeding especially we'll in moist places.
Both these varieties are relatively tall,
reaching height of from to feet.
The Rosa lucfda, wild type native
from Pennsylvania north, is, on the
other hand, desirable for low ground
cover to 3 feet high. 1t grows we'll
at the seaside and under other adj
verse conditions. The Prairie rose has
a wider range than any of the other
roses named above, being native from
Canada to Florida and west to Wis
consin, Nebraska and Texas! It is
single variety and thrives under adj
verse conditions. Among the other
roses which may be particularly use
full for landscape planting are the Ar
terra or Rosa lutea, Dwarf Polyantha,
Cabbage rose. and the Damask rose.
The roses classed' in the lawn and
border group are adapted to a wide
range of soil conditions and may be
counted on to succeed in any but ex-
tremely heavy or very sandy soils
Many of them will do we'll even on
such soil types. The principal essen
tials are. thorough drainage and a plen-
tiful supply of organic matter, with
reasonab constant water supply dur
ing the growing season. In general a
soil capable of growing good garden
or field crops is suitable for roses. The
deeper the soil and the better the
preparation at the beginning the
more satisfactory will be the results.
The best fertilizer for roses is rotted
COW manure, Though any other we'll
rotted manure or good compost will
serve the purpose. Fresh manure, es-
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-12-01

the particular varieties chosen will be
the determining factor. The spacing
should in general range from u to s
feet Early spring planting is best in
the extreme northern part of the
United States and on the western
plains where there are strong drying
winds in winter In other regions fall
planting is advantageous but not suf-
ficiently so to warrant postponing
planting from spring until autumn
When possible, however, it. is we'll
enough to push planting in the fall
rather than TO wait until sprng.
Spring planting should be done as
soon as the ground is dry enough to
work, or when it springs apart after
being squeezed in the hand. Fall
planting is best done as soon as the
leaves have fallen from trees and
bushes
Planting methods for border and
lawn roses apply also to practically all
other roses. Stock should be planted
as soon as possible after 1t arrives
When it is impossible to plant i'm
the plants should be placed
In trench and the roots covered. If
the plant roots are dry when received,
soaking them in water an hour or
more before this heeling-in is done is
desirable. If the stems are shriveled,
plumpness may be restored and
growth insured by,burying the whole
plant for few days If the plants are
frozen when received they should be
placed where they will thaw gradu-
ally and should not be unpacked until
there is no question that the frost is
mi
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-12-01

SFOSS ScJNm OF Weu.Frep4fe0 Rose
pruning methods to be employed. At
the time of planting border and lawn
roses one-half to wo-thirds of the
wood should be removed. At later
prunings weak branches should be
taken of. and long canes that would
be liable to whip around and loosen
the plant should be cut back. As far
as practicable, pruning other than this
should be accomplished by cutting out
whole branches rather than by cutting
off the ends. After the FIRST year,
pruning shcIld consist Of remoting
dead. dying, or weak wood, and cross
ing branches, including any that may
be found with discolored pith. Cut
ting off the ends of branches should
be avoided. Most Of the roses sug-
gested for border planting are i'm
proved by having the whole top cut
off every five or six years. All prun-
ing of these roses should be done in
the spring, as summer or fall pruning
would remove the hips prematurely
and thus rob the plants of much of
their attractiveness during the winter
Border and lawn roses are hardy
and need protection only under ex
tremely trying conditions. In tn
arid plains region, II the autumn ha
been exceptionally dry. it may be ad
visa BILE the first winter to provide
good mulching after the soil has been
soaked. Covering will be
ROSES FOR THE ARB6R AND
TRELLIS
The character of the foliage and
should be important consid-
erations in choosing types Of climbing
roses for covering arbors, trellises.
pergolas, pillars and similar struc-
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-12-01

ton. Care should be taken that the
clay does not become dry before
planting. 1t is important to set the
plants little deeper than they were
before. If planted too deep, however
the bark of the buried stems would be
injured and growth would be checked
until new roots form nearer the sur
face.
In planting dormant bushes 1t is de-
sirable to trim the ends of broken
roots and any that are too long Just
before they are put into the hole, so
that there will be smooth, fresh sur
faces which can callus and heal over.
1t is usual to have this fresh-c cut sur
face on the under side of the root. The
hole in which the bush is to be
planted should be several inches
larger across than the roots will ex-
tend and ample in depth, with a little
loose earth Of the bottom. The roots
should be separated we'll in all direc-
tons, with the soil well worked in
among them, separating them into
layers, each of which should be spread
out like the fingers of the hand. When
the hole is partially full, the plant
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-12-01

average farm conditions.
IA good way is to make a small plat
form of laths and place it in the bot
tom of barrel SO that the platform
will be about 4 inches above the
water. Pour into the barrel boiling
water until it comes within about an
inch of the platform. Lay the goose
on the platform, cover the barrel
tightly with a heavy piece of carpet
or cloth and allow 1t to steam for five
or six minutes.
Before placing the bird in the bar
rel, tie stout string to its feet, leav-
ing one end hanging outside by which
the bird may be drawn out and sus-
pended at convenient height for
picking. Have large bag or barrel
near into which the feathers may be
placed as they are picked Care must
be taken that the feathers are not
.oi.ed by blood or dirt as they will lose
rfsir value.
After the bird is thoroughly cleaned.
aiy in cold water and allow it to reg
mar, two or three minutes. Leave
'eatnk.s on about half the neck next
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-12-01
BY f. L. MULFORD.

More plants are killed by undue ex-
posure of roots at planting time than
from any other cause. No matter how
short the distance to the permanent
planting location, plants should be
taken there with the roots thoroughly
covered. The roots may be placed in
a bucket of water while removing to
the planting ground and until plant
ing. or they may be puddled in mix
ture of thin clay and then kept COW
cred with wet burlap or other protec-
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-12-01
How to Prepare Geese
For the Market

When the birds are thoroughly fat
and plump. geese may be killed in the
following manner: Hang by the feet.
back to the wall and insert a long
slender bladed sharp knife into the
Roof Of the mouth. The cut should be
made well back in order to induce
free bleeding. 1t is difficult to dry
pick fat bird without tearing the
skin. A better way is to loosen the
feathers BY scalding or steaming
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-12-01
FLY TRAPS.

In either barns or houses fy-traps
help little and a great deal of re-
lief may be obtained by mixing half a.
pint of milk, half pint of water, and
two tablespoonfuls of formalin 60
per cent formaldehyde). Stronger
mixtures have so much formalin in
them that the flies do not drink it. A
slice of bread may be placed in the
plate in which the mixture is exposed.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-12-01

to the head and also on the wings
above the first joint. Geese should be
marketed with the heads on and UNI
drawn. Do not lay one bird upon an
other when picked but wrap each in
clean cloth or paper, place it on its
back and allow it to cool in that form.
Never hang a bird up by the feet or
head to cool as this destroys their
plump appearance.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-12-01
FEED A VARIETY OF FOODS.

Any food as steady diet for poul-
try, or any other stock, for that mat
ter. will not give good results. What
would be the result If you were kept
upon steady diet of hoecake, corn
pone and Indian pudding for three
straight ;onths? Yet that Is the very
way some farmers are feeding their
poultry all winter corn morning.
noon and night.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-12-01
FRUIT LOST BY FROST.

A fruit grower at Grand Junction,
Colo, figures that he lost just $4,000
by neglecting to use a smudge in ten
acres OF his orchard when the trees
We're in bloom last spring. But as he
used the smudge pots in another ten
acres of his orchard and cleared
$4,000 from that small patch, he is
content after all
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-12-01
Preventive Measure,
Against White Grubs

Every effort should Be made-to 49,
vent destruction by white gruba.
which. according to their life cycles.
will be abundant In 1917 and 1919
causing damage to timothy md suaaal
grains in 1917 and to corn In 1875.
Late fall and winter blowing aaso
will destroy many Of the htbeenaein9
cutworms az well ~ such insect pesAG
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-12-01
EARLY AND GENTLE TRAINING.

before they get very large. Can't do
it too soon. No matter whether you
ever lead your cows or not you want
them broke to lead. Handle the calves
daily as they grow. Rub them, fool
around their hind quarters so that
they will not be scare4 or ticklish the
first time they are MIXED.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-12-01

Cows amount to little If the dairy.
man does not use some intelligence.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-12-01

Do you like sheep? If not. you
might better not try to keep them.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-12-01

Keep al egg record and do not fail
10 make entries daily.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1916-12-01

fed and improved the wild sorts by
breeding and selection that now there
dis Il .u=e foy. every need
The Republican journal. [volume] (Belfast, Me.) 1829-current, 1916-10-19
MAKING NATURE HELP NATURE.

Silas D. Weymouth came into the OBJ
server office Saturday with market
basket full of apples, among them Nod
heads, Black Oxfords, Northern Spies,
Mildings, Wolf Rivers, Mcintosh Reds.
Porters. Baldwins, R. l. Greetings,
Tolman Sweets, English Russets, St.
Lawrence, Lady Sweets, Nonesuch, and
several other varieties. They were
grown on his farm in East Sangerville,
formerly owned by Charles L. Brockway.
The fruit was of such fine quality that
we asked Mr.. Weymouth how often he
sprayed his trees and he said he doesn't
spray them any, but does everything
possible to keep birds in his orchard and
they take care of the troublesome in
sects.
He doesn't depend entirely on the
birds, however; he keeps l6 hogs to eat
the Windfalls that are picked up every
morning, and every apple that falls goes
to the hogs, for he believes they will
not fall unless they are imperfect in
some way.
Mr.. Weymouth holds no patent on
these methods of protecting apples from
the various enemies that attack them.
for the value of birds and the danger
from windfalls have been urged by orni-
biologists and orchardists for years.
1t certainly must be satisfaction to
hear the birds sing and to see the hogs
grow, and grea ter than can be obtained
from running sprayer or feeding ap-
piles that have become wormy through
neglect. -Piscataquis Observer.
The Republican journal. [volume] (Belfast, Me.) 1829-current, 1916-10-19
ALL REMAINING 1916 ISSUES FREE.

New subscribers for The Youths Com
panion for 1917 who send $500 now will
receive free every remaining weekly
issue of 1916. The Companion improves
every year-new features, captivating
stories, side-splitting sketches of down
east life. If you have growing family
whose pure ideals you wish to see re-
1ected in their reading you cannot choose
a more satisfying publication for every
one in it than The Youths Companion.
Let US send you free the Forecast for
1917, which describes in detail the good
things promised to Companion readers
during the So weeks of the coming year.
New subscribers for 1917 will receive
free The Companion Home Calendar FOR
1917.
The publishers of The Companion have
arranged with the publishers of Mccall 8
Magazine-the famous fashion magazine
to offer you both publications for 1917
for S2.10
This two atone price offer includes:
l. The Youths Companions issues in
1917.
2. All remaining November and Deem
Der issues of The Companion free.
3. The Companion Home Calendar for
1917.
4. McCall's Magazine-12 fashion num-
bers in 1917.
5. One 15-ceDt Mccall Dress Pattern
your choice from your first copy of
McCall's-if you send 2-cent stamp
with your selection.
THE YOUTHS COMPANION,
St. Paul ST., Boston, Mass.