davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1916-03-09

! THE German declaration. says the
| news agency. emphasizes the fact that
this step was made necessary by the
recent Illegal seizures of German ships
! in Portuguese ports. which is the
gravest sort of breach of neutrality
and of special treaties. Germany. there
fore is obliged to give up her ferme +
attitude of forbearance. which she had
maintained because of Portugars awk-
ward situation.
| THE declaration enumerates a long
, series of breaches of neutrality by the
Portuguese government, such as the
| permission of free passage to English
| troops through the colony of Mozam-
bique, the permission given to English
en-of-war to use Portuguese ports
! for time exceeding that given neu-
F.. trails. the permission given the English
navy to use Madeira as naval base,
actual engagements between Portu-
guese and German troops on the from
! tier of German Southwest Africa and
| Angola. frequent insults to the Ger
| man nation by members of the Portu-
guese parliament, who never were
| reprimanded
| The declaration further points out
| that the seizure of German ships in
neutral Portuguese ports February %
| was an act against the law and the
| treaties concluded between Germany
| and Portugal
| A German declaration regarding the
| requisition of German ships by Por-
| tugal has been sent to the Portuguese
| government the Overseas News
! Agency announced today.
! THE declaration states says the
| news agency. that, according to the
treaty between the two nations the
seizure ought to have been preceded
by an agreement regarding the price to
be paid the owners, and that the seiz-
ure was only justifiable, in case of pub
/ lie necessity in Portugal, whereas the
| tonnage of the ships was evidently
| larger than that needed to remedy the
scarcity of the tonnage at PortugaTs
i disposal. 1t is further stated that the
! Portuguese government did not even
| try to enter into communication with
! the German owners or the German gov
! ernment
Evening star., 1916-03-09
Vassal, Berlin Intimates.

'The Portuguese government. by
these acts" the declaration continues,
openly gave evidence that Portugal
considers herself Englands vassal, for
whom England's interests and wishes
are paramount in comparison with
other considerations. The Portuguese
government seized the ships in a fash
ion which must be considered as an in
territorial provocatioh of Germany. The
German flag was hauled down on board
the ships and the Portuguese flag, with
Evening star., 1916-03-09

Arthur Mckinley. foreman of the
Palomas rancn; William Corbett and
Evening star., 1916-03-09
Tension Is Relieved.

PARIS. March 9.-The latest official
statements have done much To relieve
the tension here. Press and public
are now even more than ever con-
WINGED that the Germans will not be
able to take Nerdun.
Military observers express the he
lief that the Germans originally in
tended frontal attack on Nerduu,
which was to be accompanied by tw"
flank attacks. one in the Woeyre not
meant to be pushed home. and the
other on the west bank of the Mcusc
which might develop into the main
attack Desiring. however, TO justify
a premature announcement OF the cap
ture of Do1aumont. the Crown Prince
kept 100000 men on the risht-bank of
the river. against the advice OF his
generals. who insisted that they could
be better employed Oh the other BANK.
Now that the Germans have begun
the flank attack the French critics say
il is too late by ten days.
Evening star., 1916-03-09
WEATHER.

Fair, continued cold tonight: tenn
nerature about twenty-four degrees:
tomorrow partly cloudy and warmer;
moderate winds. becoming southerly.
Temperature for twenty -four hours
ending pm: Highest. SO, at pm.
YESTERDAY: lowest. z3, at I am. today.
Full report on page Il.
Evening star., 1916-03-09

Fifteen Known Dead.
Nine civilians and six United states
troopers were the known dead early in
the day. The known civilian dead are ::
A. l.. RitchIc, hotel proprietor.
Walter Walker, United States GUS
TOMS rider.
Milton james,
Mrs. Milton James.
>. =. Dean.
g. Miller. druggist.
I unidentified chauffeur.
.. ,. Moore. merchant.
". H. Walker. guest at Central Hotel.
Soldiers Killed and Wounded.
So fer as row known, six America n
soldiers were killed and eight wound
ed. The lists follow:
Frank kendyniI. horseshoer. Troop X.
Sergt. Narg \. DoggS. machine gun
troop.
Corporal Paul simon.
>~rgt. John Nieyrrgeit. band.
Corporal Harry Niswaii. Troop &.
Frrd A. Grinen, private, Troop h.
WOu >DED.
Jesse y. Taylor. Troop r.
Thomas Butler, Troop r.
ThcOdcrr knIzOrt<e. Troop l..
Nichaei Bssfmnzei. machine gun troop.
John lnrbrouGh. Troop k.
J5mes SenEcr, Troop VI.
John keoEb, Troop q.
Lieut.. &. &. Benson. Troop q.
Evening star., 1916-03-09
FIGHTING TO NORTHEAST
OF VERDUN is HEAVY
Teutons Make Several Heavy At
tacks, Accompanied by In
tense Artillery Fire.
SUCCESS AT BETHINCoURT
Repeated Assaults of Kaiser's Men
West of Meuse Reported Futile.
Anxiety of French Capital
Is Lessened.

LONDON. March o.-Tfc VII
lage and armored fort OF Naux.
northeast of \crdun. has been
captured by the Germans. the
German war office announced to-
day.
The announcement says that in
addition to the village and fort
of NauX numerous adjoining ior-
tilted positions were captured.
The assault was made in the
night by Posen reserve regiments.
According to Paris. the Ger
mans have been repulsed between
Douaumont and the village of
NauX after several heavy attacks.
accompanied by intense artillery
fire and violent infantry assaults.
Paris declares the attackers were
completely defeated after having
penetrated the village of NauX.
On the Nerdun sector. west of
The Meuse, the French have re-
pulsed repeated attacks on the vii
lage OF Bethincourt. according to
semi-official statement in Paris.
The French. by strong coun-
ter attack. have succeeded in
driving the Germans from the
greater part of the CorbeauN
wood, which they occupied Tues
day. and. according to the French
official statement. the Germans
now hold only the eastern eN-
tremity OF This wood. The Ger
mans. however. have reoccupied
the Hardaumont redoubt.
Evening star., 1916-03-09
Protest Is Registered.

the war emblem set. while the admirars
ship fired a salute
Evening star., 1916-03-09
Death to Americans"

Continued on Seventh Page.)
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-01-23
yUnforeseenAA"%:s MISREPRESENTATION
Torture Houses of Science Where Torn Nerves Are Stitched
Together and Where Men to Live Pass Through
Horrors Worse Than Death; Pitiable Deforn,i-
ties That FoLow the Mutilation of Nerves

These pains are also aroused by deep
breath, by coughing, laughing, walking
and, most particularly, by emotions, espe.
ciaty by the sight Of person falling down,
leaning out Of window, going down a
stairway, walking shiny floor, or Of a
door which closes, lamp that is lighted,
a sudden noise. cry, music, and even tho
simple sight of a striking picture!
In the leg two principal nerves distribute
the power Of movement and sensation the
sciatic and crural nerves. The sclatic nerve
is long. wide ribbon of nerve tissue which
starts from the pelvis and runs down the
back Of the thigh, divides in two little
above the knee. The two branches are
known as the internal popliteal sciatic
nerve and the external popliteal eciatic
nerve.
When the great sciatic nerve Is COM
pletely cut or destroyed in the thigh all the
movements OF the foot are at an end. 1t
hangs limp. and in order to walk the pa.
tient Is obliged to lift his knee very high
IT, on the other hand, the injury only ar.
fects the external popiteal nerve, the suf-
ferer may still bend the foot and turn the
point inward. but he cannot raise 1t or turn
it out. The attitude which arises from this
is much more inconvenient in walking than
the preceding case.
Thus, strange as II may seem. paralysis
of all the muscles of the extremity OF the
leg causes less inconvenience in walking
than paralysis OF few Of these muscles
only!
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-01-23

TO replace the missing bone OF the nose.
Then wedge.shaped flap OF tissue was cut
in the mans forehead, turned on it's pedicle
and brought down over the bone to form
the ieshy part OF the nose.
1t was impossible to effect any natural
restoration Of the lower jaw. light alumni.
mum jaw covered by @ false beard was in.
serted here. 1t was held in place partly by
wires held by the ears and partly by the
false teeth which were articulated with a
corresponding set OF false teeth in the upper
jaw.
Sufficient tissue remained to cover the
upper jaw after 1t had been carefully dis
sected from the sides Of the face The
lower eyelds were also repaired with actual
tissue.
The poor fellow wears a large pair of
hlack-rimned specifies to aid in concealing
these repairs.
Many remarkable operations are being
attempted with a view to replacing missing
parts OF the human body with animal tissues
IL IS believed that The bodies of apes will
prove wonderfully useful in restoring hu.
man beings.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-01-23

IT. HE most painful wounds are those in
which some important nerve is cut
or damaged. Most of us know the
agony OF an aching tooth. tooth aches
because Its nerve Is irritated or injured. The
frequency OF wounds to the nerves has been
one OF. the shocking surprises of the pres
ent war. They have become so common that
in October. 1914, the French Army Hospital
Service was obliged to create in various
parts Of France centres for the special
treatment of patients with wounded nerves
placed under the treatment of neurologists.
While this innovation has relieved much
suffering and will continue to do SO after
the war. 1t is fact that these institutions
are. and will be for long time to come,
torture houses. 1t Is popularity OF nerve
wounds that their consequences persist for
a long time.
Surgical science is now able to stitch
shattered, torn nerves together-an opera.
ton comparable to the boring of the dentist
into the live nerve of tooth-and in some
cases can actually transplant nervous It's
sue. All this works for the saving Of life
but for the increase OF suffering.
The frequency of nerve wounds In this
war has been attributed by some doctors
TO the speed OF rotation of the modern
rife bullets and their high degree OF heat.
II must be remembered that the nerve tbs.
sue is extremely susceptible to injury.
The nerves most frequently injured are
those OF the arm and the leg.
When nerve is struck by projectile
the pain around the wound is. as q rule.
very slight. The wounded say they feel
as II they had received blow with a stick
or with a stone. They experience rapidly,
sometimes instantaneously. sensations OF
numbness, of "pins and needless" In the
hands or feet. and of electric shocks. which
are most strongly felt at the extremity OF
the limb. Almost all have the impression
that their limb is entirely powerless and
some imagine that 1t has disappeared.
The innervatlon OF the arm is supplied
by three principal nerves, the median. sup.
plying the hands: the radial. supplying
the forearm. and the cubtal. supplying the
upper arm.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-01-23
HO10 the Wounded
Nerves Are Cut and Stitched

There Is q specially painful form OF sciatic
paralysis that has often happened in this
war similar to that Of the median nerve II
has the same characteristics OF stabbing
and burning. OF being exasperated by heat.
and by emotion. and of being quieted by
cold applications. Some wounded men are
obliged to keep their feet constantly plunged
in a pail of cold water.
Frequently the foot develops a deformity
The toes curl In like claw and the leg bends
up toward the thigh. Very soon II becomes
stffened In that position.
The skin often shows changes OF color
and consistency In nerve wounds. Some
times II Is red and sometimes purple, and IL
often becomes dry and scaly. 1t IS not un-
common to see an exaggerated growth of
hair on a paralyzed limb. while the nails
turn In and become brittle. Precipitation Is
more abundant than under normal condi-
lions and nearly always the extremity is
colder The tendons and muscles contract
and incurable doformities may result.
In the great majority OF cases there are
fbrous adhesions around the injured nerve.
The first step In an operation Is to clear
these away. In cases OF partial or complete
severng of the nerve the trunk nerve must
be exposed with extreme precaution and
delcacy.
The surgeon then cuts away the diseased
portions of the nerve. after stimulation OF
the two eXtremites.
The excision or puncturing of swelings
along the injured nerve is practised by the
surgeon for the purpose of facilitating
nerve regeneration.
In great number Of cases 1t is neces.
sary to use orthopedic apparatus to re.
move the effects Of certain harmful de-
formities and to facilitate the return of
normal movement In radio. paralysis II Is
often useful to support the hand with the
help of harness which holds 1t In line
with the forearm. in order to prevent the
retraction of the hexor muscles In a Ger.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-01-23

often shaken by slight trembling. The nails
rounded. the skin pink. with crosswise
folds Oh the palm and soft appearance. ss
il 1t had been long wrapped in wet raes.
The pains begin ten or fifteen days after
the wound. They become more acute for
several weeks, reach a maximum which NAV
last several months. and then grow Iess
agonzng. but very slowly.
They are most severe In the palm of the
hand and the tips of the fingers. They
cause n sensation of stabbing, of crushing
and most ofton, Of burning. They are often
intense. making sleep impossible, and call
ing Tor the FREQUENT use Of soporifcs. such
as morphine Their most constant pecnliar.
ity Is that they are exasperated by dry heat.
They are provoked or exaggerated at the
slightest touch. OF tho injured hand, hut
also of the healthy hand, or oven some
other part of the body
These unfortunate sufferers can only
touch objects around them after they have
moistened their good hane, and they beo
surgeono who examine them to moisten
their fingers before touching theml
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-01-23

tain number or cases springs and elastic
bands give good results In paralysis OF
the foot springs are used to bring back
the foot to the proper position in walking
Serious nerve wounds are very slow in
healing, and during all that time there is
more or less torment They require from
five to ten months treatment at least
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-01-23

bone In such wounds
is usually fractured
by the projectile.
Radial paralysis ap.
pears instantly when
this nerve Is hurt.
The hand falls. pow
erless, on the fore
arm. The wounded
man can no longer
raise 1t up and he
cannot stretch out
his fingers or move
his thumb away from
the hand. On the
other hand. he can
still close the fingers,
but the movements
of gripping are very
much weakened.
The popularity of
injuries OF the cubi-
tai nerve. or main
nerves OF the upper
arm. is the drawing
back of the two last
fingers OF the hand.
To this popularity
the name Of "cubitai
claw" has been
given. 1t happens
frequently that the
forefnger and mid.
die finger are also
yolve d in this
hooking. The hand
becomes useless.
Very often In this
war the wound OF
the median nerve
takes an especially
painful form. The
hand W hich the
wounded soldier
holds UP with an ex.
preston OF suffering
is thinner than that
OF the healthy side.
T II c fling ers are
ctrntNhaI Na
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-01-23
Principal Types of Injuries Other projec


nrediv
"'''S'
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-01-23
The "Ciag0" Hands
and the Hands That Burn

wounded in the region where 1t turns the
humerus or bone Of the upper arm. This
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-01-23
Human Wrecks of War

restored by plastic condemned periods life
g The fifth
In face We know how full this make
aches toothaches,
majority OF facial injuries the fifth
apparent the skill
treating patching it.
hundreds
divide practically face for soldier we'll
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-01-23


and head have been unusually great
in this war.
This peculiarly is due to the fact !.
that 1t has been largely a trench ksS}s
war. The soldier in the trench is sSssSS
generally protected from the direct 49,
action OF projectiles. The enemy ES8sgS
aims shells of various kinds so that
they explode above the trenches. -
causing injuries in many cases to
the head and face. The hand gren- Is
AIDES and small bombs which are so t&S
often thrown In the trenches also ENst
cause many terrible wounds to the vs.
face. They are made from bottles
and cans. filled with nails and frag.
ments OF all kinds calculated to dis. T.,
able the human body.
When one Of these falls in
trench the explosion is apt to pro-
duce its greatest effect at the height
of a mans face. The soldier Jumping back
from the bomb is likely to receive the flying
fragments full in the face.
II Is astonishing how many Ilen have sur
vived the almost total destruction of the
face. There are many amazing instances OF
this kind in the special hospitals established
for wounds OF the face in France.
One soldier was received to the hospital
at Talence. near Bordeaux. who had lost his
lower jaw, the greater part of his upper jaw
including all the teeth. and HE nose. He
was also in imminent danger OF losing his
eyesight through the destruction of the
lower lids.
This poor fellow was quite unable to
speak and bore no resemblance to human
being. He had been kept alive for a month
at the base hospital by liquid food.
BY series OF operations lasting scyeyal
months he was restored to human appear
ance. and he will be able to earn q. comfort
able living in future. He can now speak and
eat soft solid foods.
Whenever possible natural restoration
was effected will: fragments OF tissue that
remained. A. piece OF sleeps bone was used
The Dawson news. (Dawson, Ga.) 1889-current, 1916-11-29
PEANUTS

The peanut is believed to be a ma
tive of Brazil, although authorities
have endeavored to trace its origin
to the Eastern hemisphere. 1t was
known to planters of the old coun-
try at an early date, having been used
as a staple food on board the slave
ships in the trade with America. 1t
was introduced into North America
soon after colonization, but it was
not until about the close of the war
between the states that it began to
spread throughout the South, and be-
come Of Importance as a commercial
crop. Today it is grown in nearly
all of the Southern states and sew
eral of the Western states.
Varieties and Description.
There are several varieties of pea
nuts. Those of most Importance are
the Virginia Bunch, Virginia Run
ner. Tennessee Red, Valencia, Afrl-
can or North Carolina and the Span
ish. As the Spanish is the nut most
highly recommended for feeding and
manufacturing purposes | will only
give YOU the details of this variety.
1t is small-podded variety, strong
grower, stems upright, foliage aouno-
ant and heavy pods clustered about
the base Of the plant, usually two
seeds in pod, entirely filling the
nod; color of peas light brown; pods
adhere we'll to plant in digging. This
variety frequently yields 60 bushels
of marketable peas and ton Of hay
TO the acre. This nut can be grown
under a much broader range OF con-
ditions than the large podded sorts.
The weight per bushel Of Spanish
peanuts is 80 pounds.
Selection of Seed.
A good grade of seed is just as I'M
portant with the peanut as with corn,
cotton, wheat or any other crop.
There is perhaps no other farm crop
except corn that is so greatly intlu-
enced by the character of seed plant
ed as the penut. The very best pea
nuts of the previous seasons crop
should be selected for seed, and OF
these only the most mature and per
feet peas should be saved. Seed
should be saved only from we'll ripen-
end and mature plants, and should
be properly cured and kept dry dur
ing the winter months. Good seed
produces a more even stand of plants,
which in itself produces greater
yield.
Climate and Soii-Time For Flowing
1t has been ascertained that pea
nuts will grow in any climate IN
which Indian corn will. A season of
five months free from frost is neces-
sary for the maturing of the crop.
The season best suited to producing
the most marketable stock is spring
and summer of moderate rainfall, and
a very small rainfall during Septem-
Der and October.
Any soil which can be put into a
mellow, friable condition to depth
of four or five inches will grow pea
nuts. However, a gray, sandy loan
produces nuts of the best quality.
The deeper and more thoroughly pull
verified the soil is before planting the
better the results to be obtained.
The Dawson news. (Dawson, Ga.) 1889-current, 1916-11-29
Method of GrOtUing; From COU-
ernmenf and Other Sources
Furnished by c. Ragan Southern Cotton Oil Co.

However, soil very rich in humus
and other ammoniated materials Is
not so we'll suited, as it has ten
dency to produce too many vines and
pops. The land should not be shad-
ed by any kind of trees as the sun
shine helps the peanuts, hence open
| fields are best.
| The time for blowing the land to be
planted in peanuts will depend some
what upon its previous treatment. II
the land has been in corn the pre-
vious season and a soil building crop
planted in the corn the blowing can
be done during the winter or early in
| the spring. Where the corn has been
husked from the stalk and the stalks
allowed to remain upon the ground
these, together with weeds and re-
mains of the crop planted in the corn
as a soil improver, should be dragged
down and afterwards turned under
with a disk pillow. Any trash, such
as corn or cotton stubble, remaining
on the land will prove a menace to
the cultivation of the peanut crop
and it is essential that all such mate
rial should be turned under in ample
time to decay before planting. II
the land is in sod it will be desirable
to break it during the autumn or
winter. If there is no crop on the
land the blowing need only be done in
time for planting or short time be-
fore planting, in order to allow the
soil to settle AS a general rule, the
depth Of blowing for peanuts should
be equal to that for corn in the same
locality. From 5 to z inches of loose
soil will be sufficient for the growing
of all varieties Of peanuts.
Fertilization.
The peanut belongs to the fam
ily of leguminous plants, as will be
shown on examining the roots, on
which are an abundance of the small
nodules or tubercoles. As plants of
this family have the power of getting
nitrogen from the atmosphere it is
not necessary to use a fertilizer with
a large content of ammonia for them
The tendency of too much ammonia
or nitrogen is to produce too much
vine and too many pops (hulls with
out kernels). The mineral elements
potash and phosphorlc acld-are
essential for the development and
maturity of the fruit, and if these
elements are not already present in
the soil in sufficient quantities they
must be supplied by the use of acid
phosphate and kainit or some other
potash salt. AS peanuts obtain nitro
gen from the air it is not necessary
to use so much of this constituent IN
fertilizers for the crop. The main
office of nitrogen or ammonia in a
fertilizer is to produce vine, without
a good growth of which a large crop
of peanuts cannot be obtained. Too
much nitrogen or ammonia in fertil-
izer produces vines at the expense of
fruit. and it is necessary to use nitro
gen only in such quantities as are
necessary to produce a good proper
ton of vines to nuts.
On thin lands which have not been
built up probably two per cent OF nj
trogen could be used with some adj
vantage. On soils in fair condition
not more than one per cent and on
soils which have been we'll cared for
and would be classed as rich lands