Der Deutsche correspondent. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1841-1918, 1916-05-14
BALTIMORE AS AN IMMIGRATION
PORT.
Its Past, And Future Possibilities.
BY BERTRAM N. STUMP.

BY BERTRAM N. STUMP.
In the ancient archives Of the Gus
tom House may be found the first
records of immigration. They begin
with the year 1920, when on New
Years Day the sloop "Youngmans
Companion" from st. Thomas, w, L.,
landed two passengers-W William Gal
lup, a citizen, and r. M. Hormund,
the manifest reading IA military
man born in Germany" Then
February 18th a passenger ship, the
Hope" of Philadelphia, arrived from
Liverpool, bringing one American
and 19 British subjects. Again on
February 10Th, there was a ship in
from Amsterdam called Temper
ance" OF Baltimore. She brought 67
passengers: one large German family
is noted: viz. Johann Adam Schaefer,
farmer, wife and nine children.
Unfortunately their final destination
is not shown. On July 4th the ship
James" from Bremen, landed 55
German farmers. The largest num-
Der of immigrants during that year
landed from the ship "Massasoit"
from Amsterdam Her passengers
came from Bavaria, Baden, England,
Ireland and France, 116 in ALL The
total immigration for the year was
about 1000.
Only a few Of the passenger lists
are in existence from 1921 to 1910,
most of them having been destroyed
by fire in the Custom House in 1857.
The records from 1910 to the present
time are nearly complete. Long lists
al 4 & 4 .
the ships landing on an average from
It's TO $50 passengers; the largest
number being brought on the Elise"
and Gustav" from Bremen, Cooper
nicrs" from Amsterdam, and Scot
land" from Hayro.
A majority Of the passengers came
from what Is now the Empire of Ger
many, and were destined to Ohio and
Missouri From 1910 to 1850 the
average annual immigration ran
about 5000; but from 1850 to 1867
it fell off, owing to financial depres-
sion and the Civil War. After the
War there was marked and growing
increase in immigration from the
Southern European Countries. In
1868, the North German Lloyd, in
connection with theBaltimore & Ohio
r. r. Co., opened a direct steamship
line between Bremen and Baltimore.
This line met with success and gained
in favor with the travelling public; at
one time it made Baltimore the
second largest port in the United
States for arriving immigrants.
From 1870 to 1890 the annual ar
rivals fluctuated from between 12, 900
to $4,000. Prior to 1891 the inspec-
tion and landing Of aliens was regu-
lated by State Law, aided by the
various religious Port Missions-The
German Society in Maryland took a
prominent part in looking after inn
migrants in need or distress. BY Act
of Congress dated March 3, 1891
the Federal Government took over
the regulation and inspection Of im-
migrants, q Bureau Of immigration
was established in Washington, and
u s. Commissioners of immigration
named for the important Ports of
Entry
During President Harrison's Adj
ministration, VIM. d. Owens of In
| diana was appointed superintendent
OF immigration, with headquarters in
the Treasury Department at Wash
ington, and the first Commissioner at
Baltimore was Judge Henry Stock
bridge, Ir., appointed in 1891
President Cleveland named former
Congressman Herman Stump Of Har-
ford County, as superintendent of
immigration, and shortly afterwards
in 1894, Col Stump, by Act of Con-
gress, had the title changed to Com
missioner-General of immigration,
Mr. ClavaInnd apnointad w RI puhv
Of Towson, Baltimore County, Com
missioner for Baltimore in 1893.
Since the expiration OF Commissioner
Ruby's term in 1897 the following
gentlemen have filled the Office: viz.
Percy G. Hennighausen, 1901;
Louis 4. Weis. 1904 19l1; Bertram
N Stump, 1911 to date. Far reach
ing results have been accomplished
since the Government took charge Of
the admission Of aliens into the
United States; the head tax has been
gradually Increased from so cents in