davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1916-02-26

the temperature in the incubator
should be raised to 1O2 or 1927 de-
grees before the eggs are put in. The
incubator should be run at this tenn
perature for a week, then for the sec
ond week at 103 degrees. 1t is al
ways advisable to follow the instruc-
tions which should accompany every
incubator sold until the principles are
learned by practice. These rules are
usually the result of experience by
men who have devoted much time to
this work, A good rule should read
about like this:
| FIRST raise the temperature to 102 X
degrees before putting in the eggs
Then keep 1t uniformly at 103 degrees
until the eggs begin to pip. If the
temperature should then run up to
lO4 or even l05 degrees it will do no
harm to the Matching eggs or to the
chicks already out of their shells.
During the first two weeks the eggs
should be aired and turned once a
day. Fifteen or twenty minutes OF
airing at time will be sufficient. To
turn the eggs easily, remove two
from each row on one side of the
tray and gently roll the others along
pIdIltlS lIlt Two 6SSS removed on tnG
other end of the row. Avoid iarrine
| the eggs or handling them roughly
! They should be turned as gently as a
hen would turn them. The develop
ing membranes are very delicate and
easily ruptured at the early stages OF
incubation. If a rupture occurs the
"erm dies and development of the en-
bryo ceases. For this reason incu-
batting eggs should not be handled
more than is absolutely necessary.
1t is good practice to test out the
! infertile eggs. This should be done
once only from the tenth to the four
teenth day. The longer the time be-
fore testing the eggs, the easier it is
to determine the infertile ones and
those with very weak germs. These
might just as well be removed from
the incubator.
Application of Moisture
There are several ways of introduc-
ing moisture into the incubator. A
small pan of warm water may be
placed in the egg chamber about the
eighteenth day and kept there until
the hatch is completed. Another plan
is to sprinkle the eggs with warm wa
ter, beginning about the fifteenth day
and continuing to do so until the
chicks began to pip the shell. Then
it is good plan TO wiring a cloth that
has been dipped in warm water and
spread it over the tray of eggs If
| this cloth dries out rapidly, this may
be done the second or even the third
time. The object of the damp cloth
is to soften the membranes lying close
to the shell which thus prevents the
chick from sticking to it. The main
thing, however. is that it aids in the
disintegration of the shell by carbon
dioXide.
Successful Ventilation
The subject of airing the eggs is one
of the most important in artificial in
cubation. The best results are OBJ
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1916-02-26
WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS

About twenty-five years ago grayish-
white fowls We're Matched and reared
from eggs of Barred Plymouth Rocks.
These were albinos or sports" and
several breeders undertook to develop
a White Plymouth Rock from them.
Their efforts were successful and the
fowl became popular, not only with
small breeders, but also for stocking
large poultry farms, where heavy
large. white fowls We're desirable.
White Plymouth Rock females are
exceptionally good layers of large,
brown eggs. the chicks are rugged
and active, and make amazing devel-
opment. For this reason White Ply
mouth Rocks are especially desirable
for broilers. When full grown these
fowls weigh eight to ten pounds for
males and six to eight pounds for fe-
males. making them desirable for the
home flock or for the extensive poul-
try farm. Large classes of White
Plymouth Rocks are exhibited at all
the poultry shows of America, and the
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1916-02-26

tanned by a sparinG Use of airing dur
ing the first fourteen days, followed
by plenty of airing until the chicks
are Matched. Eggs should be turned
three times a day during the last
week, with twenty or thirty minutes
of airing each time. The value of oXy-
gen for the developing embryo be-
comes more important as the Matching
time approaches.
The effect of too much oxygen dur
ing the early stages of incubation.is to
disrupt the blood vessels in the MEM
branous covering which lies close TO
the shell. In testing eggs from the
seventh to the tenth day an Irregular
ring of blood may sometimes be seen
in the place of the web-lilSe forma-
ton of strong living embryo. The
! blood ring is the effect of too much
free air on the blood vessels which
caused their rupture and the death
of the developing germ.
The membrane close to the shell is
lined with numerous blood vessels.
After the fourteenth day the blood
requires more oxygen, for the blood
of the developing embryo is purified
i'm this membranous covering. This is
called the allantois or respiratory sac.
AS a matter of fact, the lungs of a
chick are not brought into use for
respiratory purposes until few hours
before the chick is Matched.
When these conditions are carried
out with care, the operator may eX-
pect a 80 or 95 per cent. hatch of
good, strong chicks. If one can hatch
80 from 1O7 eggs and 81 from 10
eggs in q single season. it is evident
that artificial incubation can be sue
cessfully conducted. This is the one
thing which makes for the future sue
cess of commercial poultry keeping.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1916-02-26

breed has also found great favor in
England.
Size and type have made them lead
ers for market poultry. In this respect
they are only rivaled by the White
Wyandottes and the Rhode Island
Reds These are the most widely
bred of the American breeds, ana
every one is a profit payer.
The characteristics of the White
Plymouth Rock should be the same as
those demanded for all other varieties
of the breed, but their advancement
in this direction has been most sue
cessful and they are generally ac-
cepted as possessing more ideal type
than any of their sister varieties. In
color they should be pure white, the
surface color. the quilts, and the un-
der color absolutely white. Their
eyes red; legs, feet and beak rlch
golden yellow. In this as in other
clean-legged varieties. the shanks and
feet should be smooth and free from
any feathers or down.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1916-02-26

DOCK.
Roadside Glimpses of the Great
War. by Arthur Sweetser. (The Mac
milan Co. S1.25.)
In these days when neutrality is n
thing worth while, it is a source of
qualification to meet with a book
which preserves neutrality in its strict
est sense. Such a book is Roadside
Glimpses of the Great War" from the
pen of Arthur Sweetser, an American
newspaperman, who at the outbreak
of the war boarded a steamer for
Paris. purchased n bicycle and fol-
lowed that colossal drive of Won
Kluck's to the French capital. Mr..
Sweetser's experiences are written in
way that edifies. and portrays the
humor. pathos and terror of war; its
ravages upon those nonparticipants
who unfortunately are within it's cir
Gle. Twice taken prisoner by the con-
tending forces Mr.. Sweetser had
ample opportunity to view the many
sides of war not shown to the average
war correspondents eyes. Following
upon the trail of the most important
events of the Great War-those first
few horrible weeks when viciousness
took precedence over cool calculation.
Mr.. Sweetser found so much of the
good from every angle. and so little
of the reputed evil, that as an eye
witness, he minimiZes the awfulness of
the warfare which the fanatical mind
has painted Anyone who is truly in
terested in learning of the war from
a purely unpreiudiced standpoint will
be interested in this book.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1916-02-26
Conditions Employed by the
Hen Must Be Initiated as
Closely as Possible
Importance of Uniform Heat,
Moisture, Carbon DiOxide
and Oxygen
BY Prof James b. Norman
Former Expert for the United States
Department of Agriculture
COPYRIGHT 1916


The natural method of Matching by
hens no longer meets the growing de-
mand for eggs and poultry. Conse-
quently. Matching eggs by incubators
is rapidly taking the place of sitting
hens. The aim is to hatch u large
number of strong chicks early in
Spring. These lay eggs in Fall and
winter when prices are high. Artifi-
cial incubation, therefore, is of great
economic value. Success is possible
when q few simple rules for running
an incubator are carried out. These
rules apply equally well for hOt-air or
hot-watcr incubators.
TIME natural process of Matching
requires vital heat, moisture and
- air The normal temperature of
a sitting ben is between 103 and 104
degrees. While she is sitting a GER
tain amount of bodily moisture comes
in contact with the eggs. Air cirCu-
lates about the eggs through the
of natural incubation. They must be
approached very closely in artificial
incubation to secure good results
Place For an Incubator
Many experiment stations have
regular incubator cellars for artificial
ndtcnlnS. III SuCn Il place II Is easier
to keep an even temperature in the
incubator and to retain the moisture
better. However, an incubator is not
always possible on farms or poultry
plans In that case a clean, light cell
lar of the ordinary dwellinghouse will
serve the purpose. An important
thing is TO see that the place is well
ventilated. Even if an ordinary cell
lar is not available, then a room above
ground may be used The precaution
should be taken that the incubator
+ does not stand in n draught. That
would be fatal to success. as the heat
in the egg chamber could not be kept
uniform under such a condition. Since
/ heat takes the place of vital energy
! in artificial Matching, it is very i'm
| portant that the temperature sur
rounding the incubator be kept as
uniform as possible.
/ But the best kind of incubator put
/ in the best place will not bring sue
I cess in Matching unless the eggs used
/ are fertile and the germ is strong.
4 Poor results are often charged against
! the incubator when the eggs are en-
( tirelY at fault. Good eggs can only
/ be produced from strong and vigorous
stock. The first principle in scientific
breeding is that only vigorous stock
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1916-02-26

produce eggs with strong germs. From
the standpoint of biology there is no
doubt about that fact and there is no
getting around it in artificial or nat
ural incubation. Half the means OF
success exist in the eggs before the
conditions are fulfilled, the matter OF
running an incubator to get satistac-
tory results in strong chicks and lots
of them is not difficult
Value of Moisture and Air
The mother hen is an organism with
vital powers When she sits on eggs
the heat of the body throws off mols-
ture which is charged with carbon
dioXide An incubator by itself cannot
do this In the natural process of
Matching the functions performed are
largely biological and physiological;
with artificial incubation the process IS
largely physical. The vital and chem
ical effects are being studied with sit
ting hens in order to learn the best
methods of running an incubator.
From practical experience in the
handling of sitting hens, the scientific
poultryman is learning more about
artificial incubation every season. The
time to apply moisture and air to the
eggs is now known to have an I'M
portant effect on the results of the
hatch. While oxygen is needed abund-
fetal Matching, the value of carbon
dioXide must also not be overlooked
during the whole period.
In an incubator the heat of Combus-
ton produces moisture and carbon
dioXide. AS in the case with sitting
hens both of these factors are valu-
able and necessary in artificial incu-
baton. When this gas comes in con-
tact with moisture it forms carbonic
acid. The effect of carbonic acid is
to dsintegrate the egg shell. When
that takes place as under natural con-
ditions the chick can break through
the shell more readily. When chicks
fully formed are found dead in the
shell it may be safely concluded they
have died from exhaustion. They
were unable to break the shell be-
cause it had not been sufficiently dis
integrated. The value of moisture
and gas and air for successful incuba-
ton is now quite generally recog-
nized.
These are the conditions which the
poultryman who uses an incubator
must strive to initiate closely. If they
are followed carefully and if the eggs
used are laid by vigorous stock, the
results of artificial incubation may
compare favorably with those from
natural Matching in the number OF
chicks hatched and in their vitality.
These are the results which we are
striving to attain.
Nospoultry keeper runs an incubator
for fun. When the value of the eggs
and the pouitrymans time are consid-
cred. it is a matter of dollars and cents
whether an incubator is run right OIL
wrong. The conditions always to be
borne in mind are heat, moisture ano
air. The proper control of these fac
tors will spell success in any kind OF
well-made incubator. The aim of the
operator is to learn how these factors
may be best controlled.
Handling the eggs
| The first thing is TO run the incu
| bator for twenty-four hours to see
that the heat regulator is all right
! IF no trouble arises from this source
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1916-02-26

New York, Feb. "a ! have heard
girls talk with enthusiasm over femin-
ism, but 1 have never heard them talk
of the most significant phase of
feminism-intelligen motherhood"
This statement is the brain-child of
Miss Esther X. Norton, student in
the Columbia University School of
journalism and one of the editors of a
new college magazine, Challenge,
which has Just made its appearance
1t was expected that Challenge would
create a furore, but the first number
contains nothing that will cause the
college authorities to suppress it, it is
said.
Miss Norton is the author of an
article in Challenge urging college
girls TO prepare for intelligent mother
hood.
All tho editors of Challenge are stu
dents either of Columbia or Barnard
Frightened by the attitude of Dean v.
Z. Gildersieeve, of Barnard, two of the
women writer's, students at Barnard,
have resigned.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1916-02-26

Make the backyard a source of
pleasure and profit: convert il into
II small poultry plant. Only
small area is necessary for fam
lily flock of hens, which is the sub
icct for next weeks article, by
l.. Il. Keyser.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1916-02-26
,fxOur Library Table !.

! of the dramatic situation in his new
! book.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1916-02-26
The Burden of the strong. by j

The Burden of the Strong, by Jo-
sephine Turck Baker. Correct Eng
Hsh Pub. Co.. Evanston. Ill. $1.25D
The lesson which the author endeav-
ors to teach in this bit of fiction is
that 1T is only in the brute stage that
the weak are left to perish; in the
human the weak become the burden
of the strong" In other words, it is
a repudiation of the anthropological
belief in the survival of the fittest as
the fundamental principle of evolu-
tion. 1t is a story of two married wo-
men in Identical situations and it
strives to portray the condition OF
married life with a husbands appar-
ent neglect. a wife's misunderstand-
ing and unreaSoning jealousy and the
final connecting link represented by
the child who prevents the break. The
style is rather forced and the story
somewhat old, but eternally true,
nevertheless.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1916-02-26

The subject of airing the eggs is one
of the most important in artificial in
cubation. The best results are OBJ
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1916-02-26
WHEN Is \ HYPHEN NOT .
INPIIE\?

G. y. Birmingham new novel. Cos
sainer' George II. Doran Company,
contains an interesting character study
of an English banker of German birth
and sympathies, who finds his business
relations and peace of mind very much
disturbed by the outbreak of the Great
War. Having to choose between the
land of ones nativity and the land of
ones adoption is a very tragic mat
er; and Birmingham makes the most
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1916-02-26
AFAT GIRLS REASON

81 don't believe / could do it for
anyone hut DiclIie," she admitted.
But | do hate the idea of crowding
him over into the pcws as we walk up
the church aisle to be marriedn'-
Elizabeth Jordan in Woman's Home
Companion.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1916-02-26

a NARROW ESCAPE FROM TWINS
Genders give a great deal of trou-
BILE in most languages. \ "Babu" had
been absent from his work for a day.
When called on to explain his absence.
gave this explanations: My wife" he
said, has one children, and he is a
girl. World outlook.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1916-02-26

The first printing of Eleanor II.
Porters new story. Just David"
which will be published by Houghton
Nlifhin Company on March 25. has al
ready reached 100000 copies, with in
dications that q still larger number
will be needed to supply the advance
orders.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1916-02-26

\ Chant of Love For England, by
Helen Gray Cone. &c. p. Dutton &
| Co., New York;
The German Hymn of Hate For
| England was one of the worst attempts
at patriotism-inspiratio ton that this war
of horrors and barbarities has called
forth. The author of that hymn
greatly oNershot his mark and unques-
tionably did much harm to Germany
in stirring England's spirit to even
greater fervor for war, just as Owen
Wister has done the President more
good than harm by his recent denun-
ciatory outbreak. Comes now Helen
Gray Cone, a loyal daughter, with a
Chant of Love For England, in which
all her pent-up devotion and love of
country is outpoured in n recounting
of the heroes of the past and the un-
dying glory of her. own country. A
chant of love goes farther than a song
of hate-and our neutrality does not
prevent us from admitting this fact.
There are other beautiful poems,
| ballads. songs and sonnets in this same
publication, many of them breathing
love for England.
The Child in Human Progress. by
George Henry Payne. &C. p. Put
nam's Sons, publishers, $2.50D
The near approach of the nationally
\
which has local exhibits in cities all
over the United States, is important in
many ways, not the least of which is
the attention which it calls to the
neglect which our younger generation
ofttimes suffers Very little is written
about them, and when a careful and
authoritative work is compiled. edited,
and put upon the market, it behooves
us who are constructiVely interested in
our children's welfare, to bestir our
selves and acquire information.
Mr.. Payne in his The Child in HUI
man Progress establishes the status
of the child in what is wrongly called
the prehistoric period" by showing its
status among races now on earth, but
"co-eval with the neolithic age, and
shows with great clearness the success
sive steps which have been taken since
the days of Tyre to the founding of
child welfare societies during the
present generation.
a Jacob, Nj. D.. Ii. D., in his fore
word. in speaking of this book says
that its author is the first to give us
scientific knowledge of the thousands
of years of child life, and TO acquaint
lis with the position of the child in
his social political and humanitarian
existence in all nations and in all eras.
The books is profuscly and instructive
ly illustrated and universal in its
scope.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1916-09-05
LITTLE NEW YORK STORIES
BY A BIRMINGHAM MAN
ny ALLEN GRIFFIN JOHNSON

New York, September 4.-(Special. ITO
day the streets of gay old Gotham-and
I wonder how much longer Gotham can
be gay under the terrible strain of world,
national and local tragedies-present i
sight that would awaken pity in the hard
est heart; in almost all sections of the
twisted, sometimes again with shriveled
limbs and contorted forms-the child vic
Tins of infantile paralysis.
1t is as if some heartless invader had
made war upon childhood only, knowing
that by Gripping them, he could most
quickly break the hearts of the older peo-
pie. And such is, indeed the case
though the invader takes the form of an
epidemic. He has now attacked nearly
5000 children of this city, and nearly 200t
of that number lie in their little graves
A few, perhaps, have entirely recovered
but the vast majority of the victims are
either in a state of partial recovery, or
are left cripples for life. At the hos
pitfalls the crippled ones are forced to &c
through with exercises that are painful
to them, in the hope that the defects
can be eliminated. Massage is used, and
electricity, but in spite of all these
things, the streets of New York are to-
day well sprinkled with the little Grip
pied forms.
Only two minutes ago there passed be-
meath my window a little, golden haired
child, accompanied by one who was evil
IDENTIFY her mother. On the face of the
parent was a look of mingled pleasure
and pity; on the child's countenance was
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1916-09-05

a smile that would almost shame the
sunlight, yet she limped very perceptibly
and now and then, with smile up into
her mothers face, would make as if to
dance step or so, as she walked, or
to skip in order to show her mother how
well she could use the little limb that
paralysis had left crippled. Passers-by
gazed at them in real pity, and yet, such
a sight is by no means rare upon Goth
ANS streets at this time.
But did New York-or the worst part of
it--ever fail to make ma terial for it's
profit out of anything? 1t has not failed
developed the fact that several crooked
schemes have been formed with human
pity for childhood, as working basis,
and that a great deal of money has been
collected by our numerous crooks, as a
result of the epidemic
And yet they call old Father Knicker-
booker wise" In certain ways, perhaps,
he is the most sophisticated party in the
world, but in other ways, he would make
a backwoods farmer look like the wisest
man on earth. He is the most gullible.
the most generous, and the easiest old
party to fool on earth. 1t does not re-
quire even new scheme to take his
money away from him. Old games-old
as himself-are still profitable here, and
it has been proved true that the So
called "greenhorn" from the country, or
the village, is 10 times harder to fleece
than the native.
But it does seem that those who collect
money, donated to help the child victims
of this epidemic, and then use it for
themselves and their selfish purposes
only, must be the lowest order of hui
manity that even Gotham can produce.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1916-09-05
COMMISSION TO TAKE
UP TELEPHONE RATES
Weatherly, Barber and Ullman to APP
pear Before Public Service Com
mission at Montgomery

Commissioners Weatherly and Barber
and City Attorney M M. Ullman will
leave this afternoon for Montgomery.
The city officials viii go to Montgomery
for the purpose of appearing before the
Alabama public service commission in the
matter of the reduction of rates charged
for telephone service in Birmingham by
the Southern Bell Telephone company
The point in question before the public
service commission is that of allowing
the city to appoint a representative to
look over the books of the telephone COM
pany in Atlanta This is the second time
the case has come before the pubic serv-
ice commission on this point. At the last
hearing a compromise was offered by that
body in which they wanted to allow the
city of Birmingham to have a man to
look over the books of the company, but
that he should be appointed by the Ala