davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1916-01-02

icacy as a general rule about not send
ing us under actual fire was sometimes
a little too considerate to suit our
tastes. When a road to the post de
secour,' for instance, was being bonn
barded. they would not let us go down
it no matter how bad the cases that
were waiting for us on the other side.
The ambulance is officially a neutral
and we all carried papers
that identified us as members of it as
such. so I suppose they have to handle
us with care.
Being simply chauffeurs and auto
Evening star., 1916-01-02

Africa alike for the journeys of an
cient merchants and for the march of
armies.
1t was the route of Rameses. Sem
nacherib, Nebuchadnezzar, Alexander.
Pompey and Godfrey de Bouillon, he
remarked. The possibility of German
troops in the twentieth century pass
ing over this route fills the imagina-
ton. To give the spectacle its proper
historic setting, however. they should
be led by the kaiser in person, whether
choosing to emulate Alexander or Pom
pey or the head of the Crusaders, with
out going back to Rameses or Nebu-
chadneZzar for an example.
On the military side there are very
practical questions to be solved before
either German or Turkish troops in
trunk of the Holy railway and the
branch lines from the coast, can cross
the intervening desert and strike at
Suez and Egypt. The great question
they might assure other supplies,
could not provide water.
1t has been intimated that the Ger
man military engineers have planned
the construction of a net of light des-
ert railways, to be supplemented by
motor trucks and special transport
cars, and that by this means ad-
vancing army may obtain sumcient
water. In view of the marvels which
the German general staff have accom-
pIished no one. except a confirmed clos
ct critic or expert. will venture to say
that the task is impossible. but any
one who has traversed even a section
of the desert will realize what it means
to move an army corps across it.
!;
x x
Syria's resources are not in them
selves ample enough to afford much
sustenance to a friendly army of oc-
cupation In the valleys and the oases
considerable quantities of wheat and
barley are raised, as well as beans and
other vegetables. There are also the
olives and the other fruits which are SO
abundant wherever the miraculous
power of water in the dessert is man
ifested. but while the fruits are raised
in quantities sufficient for export the
wheat and barley is all needed Tor the
people themselves.
There is some live stock, but IT IN
cIudes few cattle. Numerous HOOKS OF
goats and fat-tailed sheep exist, and the
shepherds and their f1ocks are TO-DAY as
primitive as in scriptural times. Inere
are also donkeys and camels. which are
bred as burden-bearers, and some nne
Ara bian horses, which the Bedouins breed
for themselves. But the productive re-
sources of all Syria are so little in excess
of the actual needs of the population that
they may be considered negligible when II
comes to feeding an army OF occupation:
Consequently, if any considerable body OF
Evening star., 1916-01-02
Military Base in Syria and the Holy Land

The Turkish troops and their German
allies are credited with planning to
follow the caravan route to Ismaila, on
the canal.
tion of the railway route from Aleppo
to Damascus and beyond. which the
German troops may follow. is through
Hollow Syria. the great valley region
which stretches north and south be-
tween the Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon
ranges for nearly 200 miles. Rawlin-
son described 1t as convenient line
of communication between Asia and
Evening star., 1916-01-02

mobile mechanics, we rank, of course,
as privates, but there is no more dem
ocratic institution in the world than
the French army, and the conditions
under which we lived were very good.
Our quarters out there would be in
the barrack-rooms of the soldiers, or
in some house taken over for their
use by the army. We usually ran our
own canteen, drawing 2 francs
(40 cents) a day per man instead
of the army rations. With that we
could either buy provisions and have
them prepared by the army cooks, or
Evening star., 1916-01-02

ated by civilians. The army itself op-
crates big motor-lorries on depart
roads almost down to the trenches
with anything from cigarette lighters
to writing paper and clothing, solo at
very moderate prices to the soldiers. !,
THE part of the French line served
by the squad was located in Belgium
between the Belgian and English sec,
tors. and though its work was connned
strictly to carrying French woundeo.
we had an opportunity to observe ene
army life of both these other nations
and contrast them. Relations between
the Belgian and English were more
cordial than that between the French
and the English soldiers.
"Of course, France and England are
allies in the war and are officially on
the best of terms. Nevertheless, you
can tell that the average Frenchman
has certain feeling of resentment
against the small amount of hghtlng
the British have been doing and the
small portion of the line they are hold
ing with the number OF men at their
disposal. The map shows, you know,
that the English sector is not much
over half the total French battle front.
and yet they have enough men to MI
London and Paris with khaki, besides
battalions that live the year round IN
France miles from the front and never
smell powder.
I'VE Americans attributed no small
part of this friction to the class OF
Enelishmen who comprise the army's
officers. Your English officer is not
supposed to live on his salary, put
must live on a scale out of all pro-
portion to it, whether he is back home
on the staff or at the front. This, OF
course, limits the commissions to
those who have independent incomes.
The result is that youngstef who can
buy commission is, after rev
months drilling, placed in command
over non-commissioned officers VINO
NAV have served through the war and
who constitute, in kipilngs woros'
the backbone of the army.
Going into the army on such basis
seldom changes the habits of these
stripling officers, and your private sees
Lieut.. ChoImondely playing cards in
his tent or getting into trouble with
the civilian population OF Belgium,
while Sergt. Snubbins shoulders the
responsibility of running the camp or
assaulting an enemy trench.
"sIn our own case we could feel IN
minor ways the inefficiency and wood
that we ascribe to the
English officers. The principal railway
station, where we carried our wounded,
was located in territory controlled by
the English army, and SO We mad TO
drive through their jurisdiction and
And, though we were authorized TO
make these runs and carried papers
showing our connection with the
French army, we were constantly be-
ing annoyed by the making and chang
ing of new regulations and their en-
forcing and relaxing and resembling.
IAN English Tommy himself. stand
Evening star., 1916-01-02

live at cafe, if there were any left
in the town where we happened to be
staying.
There is no apparent scarcity of
food in the part of Belgium and
France we worked in, and we lived
there on our 40 cents a day much
better than we could here at home.
You can buy ordinary market sup
plies and country products anywhere
up to within two or three miles of the
firing line. and such luxuries as milk
chocolate and boxed crackers In any
town that has not been entirely evacu-
Evening star., 1916-01-02

man colonization. is what the Berlin
foreign Office and the pan-Germanists
look forward to. So far as Germany's
own troops are concerned. the route
from Aleppo to Bagdad possibly may
be a deferred chapter in the great
war.
Aleppo may be said to be the apex of
Germany's Syrian base for any DEM
onstration against Suez and Egypt
The Haljaz, or Holy, railway runs from
there. paralleling the coast, through
Damascus and beyond the Dead sea in
it's route to Medina and Mecca. 1t
Evening star., 1916-01-02

More Vau-
N Be May Command the Persian Gulf and India Suez EgypIhe I'm
mediate Strategic VauDomnanc the Bagdad RaaAvnages Smyrna
Ability Railroad
Evening star., 1916-01-02


of people back home who are helping
to night the war. BY the time one has
been with them down there where ev-
cry man looks death in the face all
day long, and has seen them tramping
down to the trenches through mud and
rain with smile for any passerby and
a song in their hearts that a year Of
hardship hasn't dimmed-when one has
seen all that. he begins to realize what
these writers mean who say that
France is showing the world how to
fight.
THE actual work of our squads at
the front is the carrying of the wound
ed from the posts de secour,' which are
located just back of the second line of
trenches. back to the field dressing
stations where we have our headquar-
ters and where they get their first at
tention from a surgeon. That part of
our work Is done at night. like practi-
cally all the army's moving Of supplies
or anything else through the actual
nghting zone, to protect 1t from obser-
walton by enemy artillery. We never
knew of any cases where hospital or
ambulance workers were deliberately
shelled, but the army heads don't take
chances on the ambulances getting
mistaken for something else.
up from the trenches we move. either
the same night or the next morning.
further back to more or less perma-
nent hospitals and to the railroads. If
they have only minor injuries and can
be cured up to go back into the
trenches within a few weeks. they re-
main in the war zone; IL their wounds
require continued surgical attention
or careful nursing for considerable
time they are put on the railroad and
sent sometimes as far as Paris, or even
to southern France.
The ordinary days work which
the French army's sanitary section Is
engaged upon. and in which we played
our small part, consists in caring for a
wounded man from the time he is shot
down in the trenches until he gets
well or goes over the great divide
II he Is actually in the firing trenches
bombardment, French stretcher bear
ers. who patrol the trenches all the
time. take charge of him Immediately
and carry or escort him to one of the
little dugouts, usually in what is
known as the second line He re-
cetves only such attention as will re-
lieve his suffering and make him as
comfortable as possible while he Is
waiting for the ambulance to come
down after dark.
Very badly wounded cases are
sometimes operated upon Immediate
ly, and an ambulance summoned by a
bicycle messenger to come as close as
practicable. Meanwhile the wounded
man Is started toward the hospital on
a stretcher hung between two big
cartwheels. We would often meet
them on the way down, or have to
wait Tor them to be trundled out to
Evening star., 1916-01-02

road to Constanti-
nople does not end there.
Valuable as the route through
the Balkans is both for mill
Evening star., 1916-01-02

The isolated branch from Joppa, or
Jaffa. to Jerusalem, is of some strategic
value, but it does not bring that Sec
Bisbee daily review., 1916-12-02
ASCENDENCY OF VILLA CAUSES
 WASHINGTON MUCH CONCERN

military standpoint. possession Of Juarez and Chihuahua might lead to possession of Monterey. Saltillo and Durango. and practical military con trol of northeastern Mexico.
 The most potent element with which Villa has to reckon in any such move ment is the American punitive eXpedi- tion in Mexico. spread out behind him and fully equipped for any emergency. Officials here have not the slightest fear of the ability of General Pershing to protect himself against any force that might be brought against him. They are more interested in what would be the attitude of the United States toward Villa in case he took possession of the northern portion of Chihuahua.
 Those here we'll informed on Mex ican affairs declare that the shortage Of ammunition among the Carranza de- lenders of Chihuahua City is entirely an internal affair with the Carranza government and is in no wise charge
 (Continued on Page SiXl
Bisbee daily review., 1916-12-02
(By Review Leased Wire.)

WASHINGTON. Dec. 1.-Although time when the protocol arranged by Carranza force at Chihuahua City by the Villa bandits came to the state or war departments today or to the Mex ican embassy. Eliseo Arredondo, the bassador-designate. after a confer ence with Secretary Lansing and Baker. expressed the belief that the unofficial reports were true and as cribed the defeat of the Carranza forces to lack of ammunition and food rather than demoralization.
 Soon after Mir. Arredondo's visit to them. Secretary Lansing and Baker separately conferred with President Wilson. No announcement was made, but it was apparent in official circles that there was some apprehension over the situation which might con front this country should Villa advance north as has been predicted. take Juarez. and establish himself as a de facto authority again at the border door of the United States. From a
Bisbee daily review., 1916-12-02

A journal is kept. Dr. Johnson used to write it after the days proceedings were over. He simply recorded who spoke and which side they were on.
 q haven't much hope. though. that would receive much support if start ed to make a fight for smaller galleries and no record. so won't start it. But there is hope that the present method of taking roll calls will be abolished. It is archaic and a time-waster."
 The speaker also favors reducing the house from 435 to 300 members and holding it to that number. Minor ity Leader Mann today expressed the view and offered figures to substanti- ate it that under no circumstances could the Democrats have a majority in the next house, but that there was a chance for Republicans to have 21S members. He further said that he was not worrying about the speaker ship and thought it would be much more fun to remain on his present job.
Bisbee daily review., 1916-12-02
GERMANY ADMITS
 ERROR IN SINKING
 AMERICANS ON SHIP
Took Marina for Transport, Says "Sub" Commander Germans Also Are Ready to Settle Arabic Case.
(By Review Leased Wire.)

WASHINGTON. Dec. 1.-FOllowing the receipt today of communication from the German government admitt- ing that a German submarine torpe- doed the British horse ship Marina with the loss of six Americans, Secre- tary Lansing conferred with Presi- dent Wilson and it was decided that no action would be taken by the Am erican government until it could be definitely established whether the Marina was a private vessel or bel ligerent transport.
 In the note Germany stated that the commander of the submarine which sank the Marina had reported that he took the vessel for transport and asked the United States for informa-
 Continued on Page Seven)
Bisbee daily review., 1916-12-02
Withdrawal of Notes By Brit ish Was Ordered As Mark of Respect to Reserve Bank CTS; Says Morgan.
NOTES NOT POPULAR
 IN ENGLAND, BELIEF
That, Many Think, Is the Real Reason for Allied Action Washington Reafirms That Warning Not Unfriendly.
(By Review Leased Wire)

WASHINGTON, Dec. 1.-Withdraw al of the British and French treasury bills by J. P. Morgan and Company with the statement that it was done at the direction of the respective gov ernments and out of desire to show every regard to the federal reserve board" created much interest in gov ernment circles, but drew no official comment further than reiteration at the state department that the reserve boards action was merely matter of domestic concern.
 Warning Friendly
 Secretary Lansing consulted several times with the board before the issu- ance of its resent warning to Ameri- can bankers to avoid locking up their funds in foreign treasury bills likely to involve long term obligations and advised the members that their action could not be considered in the slight est degree unneutral or unfriendly.
 Nevertheless, as it affected foreign securities, great care was taken to point out in the boards statement that the reasons were purely domes- tic and the warning was not intend ed as a reflection on the financial standing of any country.
 Notes Not Popular
 In some quarters today it was sug gested that perhaps the allied gov ernments' action was influenced to some extent at least, by hostility in their own countries to the short term notes, on the ground that they put their treasuries at the mercy of Am erican bankers who could renew or not. as they saw fit.
 It was stated officially that no gov ernment had approached the state de partment in any way concerning the notes, either before or after the re- serve boards announcement.
Bisbee daily review., 1916-12-02
Cut Out Oratory and Speed Up Business of Congress Is
 AdUice of Speaker Clark

WASHINGTON, Dec. l. - Speaker Clark said today that if Congress wanted to clear the legislative slate and go home next March. he gladly would join in movement co eliminate useless oratory by cutting down gal lery space and abolishing the con gressionel record and to introduce vot- ing machines.
 It is not difficult to see the galleries and the record causes an awful waste of time and money" the speaker de- clared today as he paused in his ef- forts to outline a plan whereby serious work can be done in 63 legis- lative days. Any time that the gal leries are full the orators on the floor are posing and wasting time. And everybody knows there are any num- Der of Congressmen who talk for the record a great deal more than is neces- sary.
 "The record is not necessary. The English house of commons has none.
Bisbee daily review., 1916-12-02
DRAW CLOSER ID
 RUMAN|AN
 CAPITAL
Defenders Aided by Russians Are Making Last Desperate Stand Against Foe North west of Bucharest.

Desperately the Rumanians, prob ably aided by Russian troops, are de- lending the southern and western ap- breaches to Bucharest, while the Teu- tonic advance continues to press more closely on the Rumanian capital from the northwest Unofficially it is re- ported in London that Russian troops have arrived in Bucharest to aid the hard-pressed Rumanian forces.
 Still Advancing.
 Progress for the advancing German and Austro-Hungarian armies in Wal lachia and south of Bucharest is re- ported by Berlin, which says the Ru- manians continue to offer resistance. The Rumanians apparently are on CT near the line of the Argeshu, as Petro- grad says the invaders have occupied two towns south of Bucharest and near that river Field Marshal von Macken- sen, has thrown an army across the Niaslov lowlands, which would be ap- preaching the Argeshu in the direc- tion of Bucharest.
 Advancing southward from the Campulung- Piteshti region. the Teuton invaders have taken prisoners and cannon and much other material from the Russians.
 Russ Offensive Costly.
 The Russians continue aggresively their offensive against the Austro- German lines from the Carpathians to Southern Pennsylvania. Berlin states the Russian attacks, which are de- clared to have been along front of 1S6 miles from Jablonitza to Kedzi Vasarhly resulted only in small ad-
 Continued on Page SiX)
Bisbee daily review., 1916-12-02
BRITISH MAY GRANT
 SAFETY TO COUNT
(6y Review Leased Wire)

WASHINGTON. Dec. 1.-The state department is awaiting with quiet con cern the reply of the entente powers regarding the safe conduct asked for the Austrian ambassador. Count Torn owski-Tarnow.
 It is assumed, however. that Great Britain may base its acquiescenee in this case on a desire to accommodate a friendly neutral state without commit ting herself specifically to a reeogni- tion of the academic right of free movements on the high seas of diplo- matic representatives of a belligerent
Bisbee daily review., 1916-12-02
(By Review Leased Wire.)

NEW YORK, Dec, l. To afford quick relief to the railroads which are suffering much from a car short age, the American Railway Associa- tion today undertook to force large number of box cars from other sec tions of the country to the south and west. Announcement was made here that instructions had been issued to virtually all railroads by the confer ence committee on car efficiency of the association directing them to turn over to their southern and western connections more box cars than were received in return. This applies both to loaded and empty cars.
 Railroads of the trunk line and cen tral freight territory and central west were instructed to send west and south 20 percent more cars than they receive in return. Southern and west
Bisbee daily review., 1916-12-02
WONT SWALLOW SANTO DOMINGO
 SAYS NAVY MAN
(By Review Leased Wire.)

SANTO DOMINGO. Nov. 3O.-The proclamation of military rule in the Dominican republic issued by Captain H. s. Knepp. in command of the United States force here. declared on behalf of the American government that the republic has been occupied by military forces. It gives assurance that there is no intention on the part of the United States to destroy the independence of the republic but on the other hand expresses desire to as- sist the country to establish internal order and ro enable it to comply with the provisions of its conventions and to fulfn it's obligations as a member of the family of nations.
 The Dominican laws are to remain in force. except as conflict with the object of the occupation. The legal ad- ministration continues to be in the hands of the duly authorized Domini- can officials. under control and super vision of the military authorities. The Dominican courts continue to act. but any offending members of the Ameri- can forces are to be judged by military officials
 Captain Knapp requested the CO., operation of the inhabitants in the restoration of order and domestic tranquility. A censorship of news papers. the cable and telegraph lines was established. A promise was given that payment of the budget. suspended in August. soon would be made. Quiet prevailed here last night.
Bisbee daily review., 1916-12-02
EASTERN BOX CARS ORDERED
 WEST T0' MEET CRYING NEEDS

ern roads were required to give to their southern and western connec- tions 10 percent more cars than they receive.
 Western railroads were directed by the commission to discourage sending to the Atlantic seaboard and New England freight which apparently can not be unloaded and disposed of on it's arrival.
 All railroads were directed to send to the conference committee on car efficiency at Washington weekly re- ports showing the number of cars re- ceived or delivered to other roads, so as to indicate the direction in which the cars were moving
 In announcing this action the com mittee stated that it was expected to force a large number of box cars to the west. northwest. south and south west, where there is urgent need of them"
Bisbee daily review., 1916-12-02
GREEKS D0 BATTLE WITH INVADING FRENCH 0 HISTORIC SLOPES IF AR0S
x | A * {. # < * < t BUCHAREST DOOMED; GOVERNMENT MOVES.

* WASHINGTON. Dec. l. - A ''
 + message from American Minister ] x Vopicka, at Bucharest. reaching , * the state department today. re- ; < ported the removal of the Ruman- A * ian central government from !
 * Bucharest to Jassy, and said the !;
 * allied diplomatic representatives ]
 * also had left after placing their !
 * interests in the hands of the ; * American legation. The minister j * said Rumanian officials had little a * hope that the capital could be j * saved from capture. * In addition to American inter- ! * ests and those of the allied pow ;'
 * CTS now entrusted to him, Min = * ister Vopicka still represents ! * Turkey and Germany. a * A report on the expulsion of s * the Teutonic diplomatic repre- } * sentatives from Greece by the ; * allies reached the department to- , * day from American Ambassador ! * Droppers, at Athens, who said he {. * had taken over the interests there $ * of Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and ! * Turkey. : . x * $ x * * * # $ s: < * X I
Bisbee daily review., 1916-12-02
CAVALRY POLO FIVE
 WINS FL PASO MATCH

FL PASO. Dec. IA polo team com posed of Captains Bull, Engel and Fisher. and Lieutenant Stringfellow. all of the 17th United States cavalry. defeated today a team known as the Freebooters. composed of Captain w. r. Neill, Captain R. S Thomas and Lieutenant J. l.. P. Irwin of other reg ular units, and Mir. R. F. Hines. a civilian. The score was to 11A.