davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1916-02-06
These Are Prosperous
Times in the Theatres
Managers Arc Smiling and Rolling in Weath-Al
That One Needs Is Theatre and Almost
Any Kind of Play

is
filled with flushed and reckless c'o"'
Saturday Evening Post OF week ago
with moring women before wo
day. dance oors are oaoeu
with cogged breathleSs of men and women IN evening "
standing about counting chahge no"
until dawn, serving champagne virus
blood of thousands and the scatter OF com
golden flood upon the town
And the theatres their share So accurate an observer
psnrd Wolf Of The Telegraph states that the
,., few weeks have New Norks theatrical history
l .,o throughout the country beginning comments Off
sso navrghts amenng fact that they did not write some
thing anything could be counted to occupy stage Tor TWO ~
they would have feared
read wear turning away thousands indifferent
a are playing capacity bad plays having long runs and making
The visitor York rule is not particular what ne sees
% long a is show Bernard Shaw and George v
between "he Great Lover and
Sadie Love" is locality This of atregoer Is at present
oono us in abundance attributng the boom
hs une presence unable explain why he here
+ thev are not Why trihe with their luck
New-York tribune., 1916-02-06
CONCERNING STAGE FOLK

human body Before YOU can even
have a homely person the bones must
be .et just so. Thus, in constructing
a play. one must have every bone ex-
actly right, else the result is q knock
kneed or bow-legged play.
Don't think that I pretend TO have
accomplished this there's no harm in
imagining what a perfect play would be
like
"Wh,n ! first became interested in
plays attempted several. with the aid
OF friends who were established dram
atists. The Fear Market was the
first play that | completed alone.
submitted it in the Winthrop Amcs
prize contest. and it was one OF the
last TO be rejected. Mr. Ames kept IL
and kept it, and | thought surely Ii
would win.
You see, | have always been inter
ested in the stage. It's the merest
chance that | wasn't an actress. On
the very day that | finally secured
my fathers consent my first story was
accepted by The Atlantic Monthly and
! became writer.
In my play ] have no particular
persons or journals in mind | merely
desire 20 show up the scandalous pa
pers that buy mems fears. You know
these papers thrive in every large town.
My purpose is dramatic rather than
ethical. Let US say that Ethics was the
father and Drama the mother Of my
play"
New-York tribune., 1916-02-06
PLAYS OF THE WEEK.
Hackett in "Macbeth" at
the Criterion.

James K. Hackett and Viola Allen
will be seen in series Of Shakespea-
rian revivalS at the Criterion Theatre,
which is now under Mr.. Hackett'S man
agcment, from tomorrow on. The first
production. scheduled for tomorrow
night, is Macbeth" 20 be followed
shortly by "The Merry Wives of Wind
sor' and "Othello.'
Because Of the approaching anniver-
sary of Shakespeare tercentenary. the
engagement takes on an added interest,
Nothing has been left undone to make
the production dignihed and artistic.
The scenery by Josef Urban Is said 70
equal in splendor any Shakcspearisn
mountings ever presented on a stage.
The costumes. designed by Percy An
derson and executed by Hermann, are
rich in variety and color. A special
feature will be incidental music culled
from Verdi and Sir Arthur Sullivan
and arranged by Gustav Hinrich.
Long experience in Shakespearian
repertory has given Mr.. Hackett an
understanding Of its requirements
based largely on personal observation,
and he promises to handle Macbeth"
with many new touches.
ar Hackett's first appearance was
as Mercutic in Romeo and Juliet" and
last year he was seen as Othello. Miss
Allen has played IN Twelfth Night
"The Winters Tale" and several other
plays of that period.
The supporting company for "Mac-
beth" includes Charles 3. Hanford,
William K. Harcourt, Paul Everton,
Annie hughes, Mrs. Alexander Salvini,
Walter Thomas. Franklin George. Al
bert Hickey, Joseph Whitmore, Harry
David Smith, Lottie Dewey, Cassius c.
Quimby. Allan Thomas, William A.
Evans. Mabel Inslee, Forest Doolittle.
Edward Kummerou, Healey Edwards
and others.
New-York tribune., 1916-02-06
Hippodrome Concert.

David B!spham will be the principal
guest-star az to-night's Hippodrome
concert. which will hsye sn all-Ameri-
can music programme Mr.. Bisphsm
viii sing "The Ride Of Paul Revere"
and "Whon the Boys Come Home"
among other selections. Senator Reed.
Of Missouri. will make @ patriotic ad-
dress. The March Of the States"
composed by Mr. Sousa. will introduce
the entire chorus Of "lIip-Hip-Hoorsy,"
as will the flag number. My Land, Ny
Flag" sSig by Orvillc Harold Belle
Storey and Nat Willis will also appear.
New-York tribune., 1916-02-06
" The Cohan Revue 1916"
at the AstOr Theatre.

George VI. Cohan's second annual
revue will open at the Astor Theatre
on Wednesday night under the title
of The Cohan Revue 1916 musical
crazy-quilt patched together and
threaded with words and music b.
George NJ. Cohan."
Owing TO the great length of the
entertainment. the curtain will be
raised at 8 o'clock sharp.
The principals include Valli Vali.
Elizabeth Murray. Lila Rhodes. Juliet
Delf, Dorothy Londoner, Anita Elson,
Alice Harris, Richard Carle, Charles
Winninger, Harry Bulger. Frederic
Santley, Boyle and Brazil, Harry Def,
Percy Ames. John Hendricks. Little
Billy. James c. Marlowe and Alfred
LAtell.
New-York tribune., 1916-02-06
THERE is a comfortable tendency
Il on the part of all theatrical

THERE is comfortable tendency
l. on the part Of all theatrical
managers to let we'll enough alone. II
they discover that certain actress is
a good mother-in-l law, or a good siren,
or good society snob. then that
actress must be a mother-in-law. siren
or snob, as the case may be, for the
rest of her stage life.
For the actress. then, who j. by
temperament dedicated 20 life OF rep
ertory, It does not pay to be too sue
cessful. So thinks Christine Norman.
late of "Peg O Ny Heart now Of
"The Unchastened Woman"
Just because ! am a blond" said
Miss Norman, they made me an in
genue when ! went on the stage. !
suited. and If I'd made no remon-
STRANGE. I'd be a simpering ingenue 10
this day. Every offer got was for
an ingenue part.
Then played the heavy woman
naughty aristocrat-in Peg and at
the close Of the long run all the man
ayers ] know intimated that they had
plays with just the Kind of part |
could play thought was doomed
20 wear clothes and say snobbish things
the rest Of my life.
Now | have a genuine fear that I'm
20 be associated with imposed-on wives.
who as a class are most distressing"
Miss Norman's fears. however. would
seem hardly 90 be the cause of much
concern. as the variety of her roles
should attest This is perhaps due 10
the fact that she is an ardent believer
in militant feminism, a propaganda
New-York tribune., 1916-02-06
Theatre Francais.

The Theatre Francais will offer obi
vorcons' this week, with Lillian Greuze
In the leading role. Director Bonheur
will coptinue the season Of the The
atre Franeais for three weeks more.
New-York tribune., 1916-02-06
Musical.

"Sybil,D at the Liberty. has "a
humor o' Joseph Cawthorn. the sweS'
ness Of Julia Ssnderson and the dane
ing Of Donald Brian. IN this ins'sls,
the combination Is sufficient 70 slS''
the house.
VERY Good Eddie" az the Princes
is a musical play rather man Ell
ical show. II is tuneful and hun0'0s''
"Katlnka.' at the Forty-fourih stree
Theatre, is meiodious. lt Is eu'''''
pattern musical comedy.
"Stop, Look Listen a; ne G!os''
has ali the coiors IN the rainooyH a.. az
most 4 the girls IN town. Gaoy pes4,
heads show that is always grand '''
gorgeous.
"The Blue Paradise a, the cs'.,i'
is deseryedly popular Cecil leah '''
Cleo Mayield head the cast
The Hippodrone show is ,he 5issn
thing in town. and would proo-o.
compare favorably with the Psns.s
Canal IL contains something }"
rybody.
The Princess Pat al the SoNt =
Q ccod example Of the Herbert'b.9"'"
school. Il is now IN its last week
alone al Last" a, the Shuoert :"
an impressive score by Franz Len'h
Town Topics rejuyena,ed' VII, ~
main another week az the Winter Va
den.
The Ziegfeld Midnight Fro"e
the New Amsterdam, is good ai'''
New-York tribune., 1916-02-06

Potash and Perlmutter IN Society
ar the Lyric, is one Of the established
laughing successes of the season. 1t
carries Abe and Mawruss from the
cutting room 20 the drawing room, and
safely back again.
THE Cinderella Man." at the Hud-
son, is a play along the lines Of peg
o. My Heart" and Daddy Long Legs"
and will apparently be almost as popu-
lar Il is a delightful retelling of the
Cinderella legend, with a charming
heroine in the person Of Ph9be Foster.
The Great Lover" at the Longacre.
takes one behind scenes at the opera
house. The chickering's and jealousies
OF the singers are laid bare in an en-
joyable and tremendously satisfying
play Leo Ditrichstein contributes a
remarkable piece of acting as singer
of many love affairs.
Fair and Warmer" at the Eltinge,
probably will 20 right along until the
weather fi.s the title Avery Hopwood
handles a delicate situation cleveriy
and humorously and Msdge Kennedy
and Janet Beecher do the rest.
Major Barbara" a. the Playhouse,
il. an excellent production by Grace
Georges company of Shaw's play OF
arms and souls.
"Hobson's Choice" at the Comedy,
takes one on pleasant journey
through not always quiet Lancashire.
The play is full OF humor. both OF
character and of situation.
"Erstwhile Susan" at the Gaiety.
puts the Pennsylvania Dutch on the
stage for the first time. The play is
perfectly acted BY Mrs. Fiske and John
NOR a-plenty.
The Boomerang" at the Belasso, is
considerably lighter than its box office
receipts. Martha Hedman, Wallace Ed
dnger, Arthur Byron and David Be
New-York tribune., 1916-02-06

"Our Mrs. McChesney,7 A. the u,
ceum. is play b. George Y. Hobar
but the presence IN the cas, OF ~,
Barrymore has turned u into a sue,.,,
It is witty dramatization Of the ESr,
Ferber stories.
New-York tribune., 1916-02-06
- AND COHAN ON BROADWAY THIS WEEK
Where and Why Plays
of the Season Continue
'.Marparet Schiller" Is Bad War Melodrama by Hall
Game, but Gives Elsie Ferguson a Chance
to Distinguish Herself

lsseo have made an oyerwh.lri-,
cess OF an extremely fragil. pie,. =,
drama.urgy.
New-York tribune., 1916-02-06
VTHAT could be more natural than
w to discuss that broad and ever

W. HAT could be more natural than
w TO discuss that broad and ever
discussablc subject OF Love
with Miss Martha Hedman, since the
role she is now playing in "The Boom
orsng" must necessarily make her pc
cu'iarly c0nvcrsaut with the problem?
Miss Hedman, for her part, was quite
willing 30 act as lecturer. She admit
ted that long chain OF condolences,
coupled with her Imagination and taste
for reading. had all consp.red 20 keep
this topic uppermOst in her mind.
81 must say first she said first. with
that intangible yet altogether delecta-
bic Scandinavian accent which Is hers,
that ! have read more than ] have
found out about love. Reading IS not
a very safe way yet 10 is the safest
| suppose experience is best, but one
shouldn't say that. maybe.
"Nhat Maeterllnck says about love
is what ! agree with. He says 1T is
not wise 20 love deeply, yet should you
love deeply more wisdom will probably
come 10 YOU than had you always loved
wisely In other words, II Is not good
TO get too wise.
81 don't want to be unwise, but If l
were 20 experience an emotion so
strong that it overwhelms even my
wisdom, then l should be glad"
"You have had lot Of experiences :"
"Oh, no." naively. only lmagina-
tion and books. Then should know
something Of love from my acting. The
women have played loved lot, but
not wisely
Miss Hedman was referring TO her
career i'm her native land, sweden,
where for seven years she acted all
sorts Of parts. among them Desdemona
In "Othello." kajusha IN Iolstoy,,s
"ResurrectiOn." Phoebe in Barrie's
Quality Street" Dolly in You Never
Can Tell" and Madeline in Maurice
Donnay's "The Second Danger"
The theories propounded by the doc
tor in The Boomerang impress Miss
Hedman merely as interesting. "Iney
are very good" she said, except in
case you are in love. when they are
vsluelessl Il is only because Of the
boys great strength OF character that
he keeps his promise TO the doctor.
making the play possible. In real life
he would never make such promise
TO ignore the girl he is in love with.
II he did he would not keep 1t. or he
would not be in lovel"
IlTHE Fear Market" by Amelie
L Rives. Princess Troubetzkoy.
marks a new epoch in that persons in
teresting and varied career Hereto
fore she has been known exclusively
as q novelist.
81 soon discovered" sho remarked
that u was much easier 10 write q
novel than q play. for . novel is less
severe. II IS like beautiful painting.
You stand or and admire the effect OF
the colors. but YOU never examine 1t
closely.
"A play. on The other hand. must be
constructed, ike the anatomy IF the
New-York tribune., 1916-02-06
LAST WEEKS PLAY.

Margaret Schiller at thS me. .eE Fcrsi. nni
sterdam Theatre, gives hisle
son the chance TO be emotional ~ Vpe
of the most inept plays OF the yea
The play is Hall Cainc at nis "o,s
n clumsy war melod rama thac u'''s
lacks suspense and form. Oh Ia
other hand, it has one or t%o sVoa
situations, and Miss Ferguson ae..S
in the title role ranks wlth her "oIN
in "Outcast." The play, TOO IS com
petently acted by the supporting casi
and has the advantage OF oelns ~
staged. Present Indications "'e
i. will be popular
New-York tribune., 1916-02-06

ceum. is a play b. George Y. Hob,y
but the presence n the cas, OF 49,
Barrymore has turned 70 into a sue,.,,
II is a witty dramstization Of the ESr.
Ferber stories.
"The Little Minister" a. the Yrni,,
has played for eighteen years AL 1,
ready for eighteen more. Msuds IA.
ams's Lady Babbie has lost no whit q
it's popularity
"rhe Fear Market ~ tie Boot
Theatre, probably will lose the sg,.
because II pulls its punch. The .!lmsI
is obvious from the FIRST, but =,
plays daring theme may give Il Ger
tain popularity. Il treats o, blscsmsl
in high society.
pride of Race" a. the Maxim. Il.
lott. is making brave ard viani.,
fight. Turned down on all s.ies, Pohsr
Hilliard produced on hi, own eeeogr.
this drama Of miscerenstion TIE pay
has some lax moments, bu, Il. pex.,
70 thrill Is unden.able.
Just a Woman" a. the Forty-..zh,,
Street Theatre. has one tremendosi
act. II is play OF woman's lser.
fee, and the courtroom climax % a.
effective theatrical trick. In reaehi.s
for the climax, however, the ss.st
came perilously near breaking ar arm.
Treasure Island" at the Punch sni
Judy. abounds in pirates, eutlssses Az
parrots. Jules Eckert Goodman Lsi
stuck close 20 the story M putting
Steyenson's classic on the stage, ardra
stevenson lover will be DISAPPOINTED
Common Clay at the Republic,
brings Jane Cowl and John Mason %.
cether in the third act ss daughter an
father. The play contains consldsrsol'
dramatic force, and Is hugely 'uces'''
full.
"The Wesvers." at the Garden, Is 4
powerful production Of Hauptmanai
great play. II will remain az the Car
den FOR the rest OF the month, and ?
well worth a trip TO Twen,y-severn
Street.
The Washington Square Playsr,
ever interesting. are Offering nH
plays and a pantomime az ne bsEi'
hor The Cod" The Tenor 'si
"The Roadhouse in Arden eomprn
one Of the best programmes mat u,
Fifty-seventh Street theatre nas !r
hou ;ed
New-York tribune., 1916-02-06

CT WOULD like TO know" remarked
theatregoer the other day
what the dramatist has got
against the grand institution of father
hood"
"Whaddye mean what has ne got
against the grand institution of father
hood ~ was the prompt query.
Just what | say" came the rejoin-
der. Il claim that the father, AS
class and otherwise, is the most shah
billy treated person on the stage to-
day. Do you doubt il? All right, then;
let's run over the list
THE one IN 'Erstwhile Susan is the
worst. lie il an ignorant, cruel. stupid.
miserly old bully. Did you ever see
any father abuse his daughter the way
tnis one does? He'd he arrested
Everybody is ticklad TO death when he
fails off the church roof and lands on
his head. Good riddancel
And then take Just a Woman Who
is 'he person that the audience hates
Father, Of course. What does he DO +?
Why, merely tries 20 divorce his wife by
trumping up lot of rotten evidence.
And is anybody sorry when he goes 20
Jail ! should say not.
New-York tribune., 1916-02-06

"The Unchastensd Woman A, u.
Thirty-ninth Street Theatre, Is AZ =,
cellent play built around a ,ys. :,
woman new 10 the stage. Emily So.
ems acts the chief role with vneas,g
skill.
New-York tribune., 1916-02-06

Experience George Y. h0,s ,,,,,,
morality drama. which depicts yo-. o,
going forth into the worlq W." ",sr, 8
ence at his side a. teacneS ~ ~ fy
the Bronx Opera House to,m0i'S~ to nee .
weeks run. There VA! ye
matinee on Lincoln's BiriaaSy'
New-York tribune., 1916-02-06

which does not permit Of the subordi-
nation of individuality TO cult such
as that OK the theatrical managers.
And the managers had better watch
out! Miss Norman is planning a move
ment to call OF matinees on suffrage
parade days. For the last three years
she has just been aching to march in
the suffrage parades. but always she
has hEd 10 act. Darn the luck
New-York tribune., 1916-02-06

"The Little Minister" a. the Yrp,,
has played for eighteen years and \,
ready for eighteen more Msude al.
ams's Lady Babbie has lost no whit .,
its popularity.
New-York tribune., 1916-02-06
UPTOWN TtiEAIRE'

Conan & Harris will present ,l.. ,...
Broadway success, 1T Pays 70 aS',' 7,
tise.' which kept New YORK lalsss, =
steadily all last year. at the 90. s:s.'s a.
Theatre for the week beginaihs 49,
morrow night. The farce, wnleh s'f ,sf
in humorous fashion with the poss.-,s /,
ties Of advertising soap. is no'sSs. o.. 4,
in that there is not one pea; N,
otherwise, displayed throushyg..' Fi.,
three acts. The cast viii .Hci.us o. S.ir
Baker, Dorothy Foster, Nafjoy ios,
Carol Warren. Richard sterhhs' yst.
Butler William Holden, iarIy NJ.
land, Spencer Charters, Ld"'Ies e,or:.
Quade. Bennett Thoraton ana ''''
StllVell.
New-York tribune., 1916-02-06

Cock o. the Walk" at the Cohan,
contains Otis Skinner ideally cast. Mr..
skinner gives delightful characteri-
zation Of a staggering old actor who
is lovable because he has a sense Of
humor Henry Arthur Jones has
equipped his play with an exceedingly
slender story, but it has undeniable
humor.
New-York tribune., 1916-02-06
ELSIE FERGUSON oNo
NORMAN TREVOR
IN "MARCARET SCHILLER
NEW AMSTERDAM

the Harris tomorrow night. II is
rapid and humorous entertainment OF
tho familiar Cohan school.
moonlight Mary" at the Fulton. is
filed with types and witticsms, but
cannot rightly be considered a play.
George V. Hobart. however, has sue
ceeded in giving Rose Stahl the kind
of part that she plays best. and appa-
iently that was the sole aim.
New-York tribune., 1916-02-06
PLAYS CONTINUED.

"Hit-the- Trail Holiday george
Cohan's Billy Sunday play, moves 70
New-York tribune., 1916-02-06

Percy Helton. erstwhilc bad boz in
Young America" is now merely a
first-nighter. Percy's error was TO
grow three inches during the plays
New York run.
New-York tribune., 1916-02-06

VERY Good Eddie az the Princes
is musical play rather than ELL
ical show II is tunefu. and humoFo1''
New-York tribune., 1916-02-06

"Katinka.r al the For,y-fourih srte'
Theatre, H. melod.ous. lt Is eu''"'
rattcrn musical comedy.
New-York tribune., 1916-02-06

II may have been because the play
was by an Fnglishman, or il may have
been because the audience didn't know
any better. But az the premier of
Margaret Schiller" the orchestra
played My Country, 'Tis Of Thee"
alias God Save the King and the
hrst-nighters arose en- masse.
New-York tribune., 1916-02-06

The role Of Ruth Honeywill in Jus
tice,' which John Williams and Mad
ison Corey are about 10 produce, is
the kind Of part that actresses cry for.
II is the sole female role in a cast Of
eighteenth say nothing of the jury
and the court crowd.
New-York tribune., 1916-02-06

"The Princess Pat AZ the SoIf
Q good example Of the Herbert-b.e'''
school Il Is now IN its last week
New-York tribune., 1916-02-06

Things happen quietly in tho theat-
rical world. In Cincinnati, week or
so ago. Mrs. Leslie Carter left the stage
for all time. Mrs. Carter is an actress
at least reasonably well known here
and there. yet the publicity attendant
upon her departure has been almost ex-
actly nil
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-01-21

will not be enforced unless there is
such ii department. Unless the laws
are enforced, he stated there would be
= feeling Of disregard for them. and
this would be 81 bad thing for the Com
monwcal,h. lie suggested enlrr,,inc
the powers OF the commissioner To look
after socia! vice and gambling. lie
spoke OF studying the records OF con
ric's when he was Governor. and de
ciared that the figures showed that -
per cent of the convicts were there
because OF whisky, and that his per
sonal belief was that at least 90 per
cent were there for that rca3on
He declared that the question OIL
money could not enter into the discus
sion. that the homes Of Virginia were
worth every cent 1t cost, no matter
what that cost might be. He said that
the acded efficiency of the citizens OF
the State would be far more even i'll
dollars and cents. than the cost OF the
department. and that he believed the
hn.s turned in would amount TO more
than tho cost of the department.
DIR. CANNON DENIES
ATTACK On GOVERNOR
" the conclusion of the talk. DR.
cannon, chairman Of the legislative
committee. discussed the matter for :,
short time. lie said the idea OF hay.
mac hecr in the minds Of the officials
Or the league since last March. Thu
league had found. he said. that the
strongest feature OF the West Virg.ni:.
prohibition system was IN the fact that
in: state hts q commissioner whose
sole hutE IS TO enforce The proh;bi-
ton laws.
was hc attack upon the Cover
hoF's authority declared DR.. Cannon
out merely that we wart a depart
Weni Just like all other departments II
nafes no attacl; upon the Governor
at All: but the league is very frank
10 say that We do want hiun elected bv
Tic General Assembly and does insist
mat the Governor be given no more
power over him than over any other
department head"
lie declared that The league wanted
The o!ice n.aGnifed. He showed how
people turn TO the various other lie
par tnents of State and said that this
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-01-21
IMMATURE ALMANAC.

Guiding right OF way. Sl50,o6o.
City Farm 10 he purchased lay the
Administrative Board, $4,000.
streets generally. 100000.
General s.orehouse, $4,000.
construction of re-cnfoiccd con-
crete Hume from Settling Basin to
Hoshcrs Dam. including right of way.
5000 600.
Purchase or Henrico County Gas
Company's plant. mains connections,
etc. or the installation Of certain mains
to take care Of the annexed territory
now covered by the Henrico County
Gas Company, $4,000.
Modern up-io- date pavilion hospital,
including interior equipmen, and site,
100000
INSTALLATION OF large water mains IN
various locations for the purpose Of
increasing the flow OF water. sIoS,3Gl.44.
Public Comfort Station as per plans
and specifications on file with the Adj
ministrative Board. said station to he
located at or near Seventh and Broad
Streets. and TO be subterranean. sl5,o0o
Tota! bond issue. S3,60S. 36i.44
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-01-21
CLUnMtN
Is HELD FOR GRAND JURY

BRISTOL. VA. January .0.-GiveE a
preliminary hearing before Magistrate
W. y. Ray here to-day. L. T.. C-lifiths,
clrbmar and general superintendent OF
the Clinchfcld Portland Cement Co~po-
ration, at Ningsport. Tenn, was held
TO the grand jury in a bond OF Sc.5Oo
for the killing OF Noah Leonard, n
farmer, VINO was run down by trifitiis
automobile recently, while GriHlths was
At The steering wheel. GriEiths claim
cd he was running only fifteen miles
an hour Evidence was offered 20 slow
that Leonard WIS intoxicated. Both
sides were represented b. prominent
COUNSEL