davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-01-05
NoTic MINING APPLICATION nr- 10000

NO. UE|I1l
 UNITED STATES LAND OFFICE,
 JUNEAU. ALASKA,
 November TO- 1915. Notice ls hereby given that the AL asl,a Gastineau Mining Company. duly organized and ex- lsting under and by virtue of the laws of tho State of New York. and quali- fled to do and doing business as a
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-01-05

school, Who received sao. Tho seo- ond was written by Don Case, of tho Grade Schools, and tho prlzo wac a sio electric stOve. Tho Edltor)
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-01-05

at regular meeting Of F. O. D. Friday evening, Jan. 7th. at 7:SO D. m. There will be initiation of officers, luncheon md Q fine entertainment will follow the regular routine of business.
 GEORGE SPENCE. 1.4-St Secretary
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-01-05
w CUSTOMERS

would very much appreciate lf you will Kindly return cocktail and horse radlsh botllea.
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-01-05

Hart schaffner & Marx Suits at 25es discount Goldstein's Emporium l-5'tf
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-01-05
EAcI re AT LbRCE

The Empire is a producer of print ng that will escape the waste basket.
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-01-05
CHARLOTTE LODE

Beginning at Corner No. 1, whence U. S. M. M No. bears N 41' or 42" W. 4l7z55 feet distant; thence S. S7e SP S. 1401.10 feet to Corner No. 9; thnce N. 60' 50' D. 600.00 feet Go Corner No. 8: thence N. 58'
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-01-05
LOCAL FURNITURE
 HOUSE TO INCORPORATE

The Juneau Furniture company has applied for articles of incorporation. the capital stock baing S15,o0O and the 'ncorporators being Martin George. Wallis George and Mrs Caroline George
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-01-05
ALASKA GASTINEAU MINING
 COMPANY,
By B. l.. THANE,

By B. L. THANB, It's Agent aud Attorney in Fact UNITED STATES LAND OFFICE, Juneau, Alaska, November 10, 1915. It Is hereby ordered that the fore. going notice be published for the statuatory period In the Empire" newspaper of general circulation pub lished in the vicinity of tho lands ap piled for.
 c. B. WALKER.
 Register. First publication. November 1s. 1915 Last publication January 16. 1916.
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-01-05

Beginning ct Corner No. l, whence U. s. M. M. No. 9 bears N 36e IT 09" ". l415.0S feet distant; thence 6. 41' s2' S6" D. 760.21 feet to Cor ner No. Q; thence S. 45e 19' D. 204.46 feet to Corner No. 8; thence N. 60' 5O' D. 299.48 feet to Corner No. 1; thence N. 37e 34' W. e5017 feet to Corner No 8; thence S. 60' 50' W. 88O.s4 feet to Corner No ], the place of beginning. Containing an area of z f62 orron
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-01-05

Beginning at Corner No. l, whence U. S. M. M. No. bears N. 53' 53' 320 w. s355.81 feet distant: thence N. 40' s0' D. 599.S0 feet to Corner No. 9: thence S. 45' 52' D. 14S6.55 feet to Corner No. 8; thence s. 40' s0' W. 600 feet to Corner No. 1; thence N. l5' 2O' 30~ W. 113747 feet to Cor. ner No. 5; thence N. 47' 12' W. S49.5O feet to Corner No. 1. the place of beginning Containing an area of 2O.275 acres.
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-01-05

1S
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-01-05

57' 3ov W. 5sO.87 loot to Corner No. (; thence N. l5' 1T W. 917.86 feet to Corner No. 6; thence 8. 60' 60' W. 26202 feet to Corner No. l, the place of beginning. Containing an nrnn nf 12.266 noraa.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-01
AT THE CHURCHES

Pastors of the city have announced
their services and sermon subjects for
Sunday as follows: 4
ST. Paurs Episcopal, Rev. III. NJ.
Babin--Communion and sermon, Go
Forward; evening, The Fearlessness
Of the Church For the New Year
Congregational, Rev. B. F. Martin
Morning, Religious Loyalty; vespers,
Are Folks as Good and Bad as They
Seem?"
Elm Lutheran, Rev. o. Ingvoldstad
Morning, in English, .'Christ's Con-
ISOLATION: evening, no service.
United Brethren, Rev. Titus j. Lei
bold-Morning, THE Secret of Happi-
ness; evening, Rev. b. +. Martin viii
preach. ~ ~ e'.h&
Methodist, Rev. r. F.. Hurlburt-
Morning, The Old Year and the New.
the Best Is Yet TO Be-; evening, What
Makes a 'Christian%
Baptist, Rev. r. S. Transformations
ing, The Call of the New Year;
evening, New Years Resolutions"
Central Church of Christ, Rev. c. H.
Morris Morning, .'Life's HigheI
Ground; evening, "A Sighted Invita-
ton
Presbyterian, Rev. James P. Linn
Morning. The Cross Challenge
evening, The Winner
Morning and evening, regular services.
Spiritualist, Rev. Eva McCoy-Even-
ing, Life, Intelligence and Spirit
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-01
HARVEY lNGHAM TO SPEAK.
Des Moines Man to Deliver Principal
Address at Banquet,

Harvey Ingham, editor of the Des
Moines Register and Leader, will de-
liver the principal address at the first
annual banquet of the Marshalltown
Club on Tuesday evening, Jan. 4. Mr..
1ngham accepted an invitation tend
cred him by telephone this morning.
kilograms were received Friday from
William Allen White and J. Hamilton
Lewis, saying that it would be impos-
sible for them to be here.
The banquet will begin at $50 Tues
day evening, and will be held in the
Masonic dining rooms on the fifth
floor Of the Masonic temple. The club
members will gather in the club
rooms first. R. w. McCreery will act
as toastmaster for the occasion, and
besid as the principal address of the
evening, responses to toastS will be
gwen by T. c. Let's, Of Chicago; Judge
3. F. Cpnmins, and D. w. Norris.
Music will be furnished during the
banquet and after the speeches several
songs full Of mysterious local color"
as described by the committee, will be
thrown torl a screen, accompanied by
stereopticOn views illustrating the
songs. All will join in the singing of
the songs, after which the newly
elected officers Of the club will be IN
stalled.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-01
Search Grocery; Seize Booze.

Chief OF Police Breckel and Officer
Delahoyle searched the Greek grocery
at Seventh avenue and Boone Friday
night and seized two gallon jugs and
six quart bottles of whisky. Other
searches for liquor were not so sue
cessful. The officers searched the
Greek grocery at Seventh avenue and
Nevada, and the residence at sos North
Third street. No liquor was found at
either place.
NJ. Hulinger, who was arrested by
q; Tie police fer bookkeeping Is being held
for the federal court. 1t is expected
that he will be taken to Des Moines
Tuesday to be arraigned before Com
missioner F'itzsimmons.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-01

Physician From State Board of Health
to Hunt Down Disease.

In an effort to search out if possible
the source of contagion that has
spread diphtheria among children, the
epidenliologist of the state board of
health is to spend next week here.
With City Physician F. P. Lierle he
will make an effort to run down the
source or sources from which the dis
ease has been spread.
The method to be followed will be to
take cultures from the Threats of a
number of school children to see if any
of them are carrying the disease. It is
the opinion of DR.. Lierle that one or
more of school children are carrying
the disease and spreading It without
being sick themselves. During the
week other efforts will be made to
search out other sources of the disease
and stamp it out.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-01
TWO DIE AT HOME.
Death Marks Close of Old and Be-
oinninq of New Year.

ginning OF Ne" year.
Death marked the close of the old
and the beginning of the new year at
the Iowa Soldiers Home.
Albert w. Johnson, a member Of the
nome from Nevada since Sept. T., 1900,
passed away Friday afternoon at 2:45
of chronic nephritis. Mr.. Johnson was
a native of Washington. D. c., where
he was born July 81, 1885, and where
ne enlisted in Company l. Fifth Wash
ington rifles, April IS, 1861. He served
only until July II OF the same year,
when he was discharged at Washing
ton. Besides his wife. Mrs. Nellie
Johnson, member of the home, he
leaves one son, William Johnson, of
Washington, D. c., and one daughter,
Mrs. Ella Pattle, of Warrenton, Va.
Funeral services will be held Monday
afternoon at o'clock in the assembly
hall, burial following in the home
cemetery.
J. w. Taylor, a member Of the home
from Glenwood, died this morning at
S:45 Of valvular disease of the heart.
He came to the home Nov 6, 1910. Mr..
Taylor was born in Ellenboro, Wis,
in 1S43, and enlisted in Company I.
Seventeenth Wisconsin infantry, Jan.
20, 1864, at Readstown, Wis, and was
discharged July IA, 1865, at Louisville.
Ky. He leaves his wife, Mrs. Sarah
J. Taylor, a member of the home, two
sons, Evert and Perry Johnson. of
Seattle, Wash, and two daughters,
Mrs. Rosa and Mrs. Lillian HILL, Of
Omaha
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-01

90 inch net flounc-
ings, embroidered in
gold-have been sell
ing at $500
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-03-22
CHRISTIANITY REJECTED BY THE WHOLE WORLD
 SAYS AN ARCH BISHOP
lsnoclnl correapondenee.l

LONDON March 4.-Cardinal Fran cis Bourne. Archbishop of Westmins- ter. in a Lenten pastoral letter de- clared:
 "The worldwide war is the out come not of the failure, but of the re- lection of Christianity"
 There is, he said, no nation guilt less in this respect England, inc deed" the Cardinal stated, Twill be preserved from such forgetfulness of the teachings of Christ as to proclaim as part of public policy, that moral evil is nonexistant where the inter- ests of the state are concerned and that all means. right or wrong honor able or dishonorable, may be employ ed when the needs of the country de- mand them.
 "But England has had her part and a great and leading part, in the revoit against the fundamental tenets of Christianity in the Sixteenth Century and the subsequent logical rationali- zation of religion which in so many nations has destroyed Christianity altogether"
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-03-22
DISASTER TO CANADA IN
 CONTINGENT OF 5oo,ooo
 SAYS THos. sHAUeHNEssY
lsneeIal correapondeneel

MONTREAL. March 10. - Lord shaughnessy, president of the Canad- ian Pacific Railroad Company Is op- posed to the plan of Sir Robert Bor- den. the Canadian premier. to raise the Canadian contingent in the Eur opean war to 5OO,OoO men.
 Addressing a meeting of business and military leaders held here yes- terday to encourage recruiting, Lord Shaughnessy said he did not regard the plan as practicable. and that if Canada was to attempt to raise 225.- 900 men in addition to it's present ar- my. 1t would cause @ serious draft upon the working population.
 He announced that the agricultural department has asked tho Canadian Pacific for aid in taking 10000 farm CTS to the western provinces for seed ing and harvesting work.
 Lord shaughnessy advised that Canada go slow about recruiting, say ing that some of the first Canadian contingent are still in camp in Eng land. while lSO,OOO men representing an outlay of probably $12,O00,0OO a month. are still in Canada with no prospect of being moved to Europe for a long time.
 The meeting adopted a resolution approving the efforts to recruit men in Montreal and calling upon employ CTS to encourage their employees to enlist.
 A resolution offered by Leo Doyon' a French Canadian, that no action be taken to accelerate canada's share in es..
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-03-22
FIRST CASE ON CRIMINAL
 CALENDAR CALLED TODAY

The first case on the criminal cal- endar for the present term went to trial this morning in the district court. It is the case of the U. S. vs John Scanlon. charged with giving whiskey to Indians. The following jury was selected to try the ease: Frank Goggin, George Anderson, C.. ID. Green, J. R. Willis, B. W. Boyd ston. Wallis George. c. II. Passells, N. E. Black, J. L. Gray, r. P. Sum- mers. W. S. Elwell and Ed Andrews. wm. Holzheimer is representing the defendant
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-03-22
ARCTIC BROTHERHOOD PUT
 A LAReE CLASS THROUGH

Camp Juneau, No. s2. Arctic Bro therhood. last night put a class of forty-one candidates through their paces and enrolled them as active members in the order. The class was large one. Several from Thane. Douglas and the balance from Juneau joined the order. The entire class was taken over the high places and for the space of an hour while the initiation was in progress, those present were treated to rare features. Another large class is be- ing formed for initiation on April 4th
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-03-22
>%%%% . . ' . : . 2 2
Personal Mention
, ; , s 44444 ' ' : :


 Earl Maud. chief clerk in the office of Commissioner Marshall, is confined to his home with a severe attack of the grippe.
 F. l.. Morris lef, cn the Al-Ki last night for a business trip Co Wrangeli.
 LD. Helps. sailed last night on the Ai-Ni for Wrangell where he will look after Che interests Of his com pany.
 James Bremen. city councilman at Petersburg. and who has been regis tered at the Gastineau. left for nis home on the Al-Ki.
 F. L. McNein. Q travelling man, has returned from visit to Alaskan towns and is at the Alaskan.
 Fred F. Cox. who Is stopping at the Alaskan hotel expects to leave on the Dolphin for Halnes and Skagway.
 Axel Carlson. son Of Capt. John q. Carlson. oc Taku har5or. and Oscar Lundgren. Of the same place, are in the city and are registered at the New Cain hotel
 Mrs. R. G. Wayland wife Of Supt Wayland. Of the Treadwell mines, is returning from a visit to the States, coming north on the Alaska which left Seattle this afternoon.
 William Rugg. of the surveyor generals office Is returning pas senger on the Alaska which sailed north today
 The gasoline launch Viola sailed from Thane for Warm Springs Bay this morning. Among the passen- gers leaving on her were Mrs. Nc Gin and c. Dahl.
 John Cochrane. who was severely injured in the Thane mill over 8 year ago and who has been south for an operation to his legs. is re- turning to Juneau on the Alaska. which sailed rom Seattle this after noon.
 z. R. Cheney. well known attor- uey of Juneau. who has been Go San Francisco to appear before the Cir cult Court of Appeals. in behalf of the fishing interests of Alaska, is returning to Juneau on the Alaska.
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-03-22
VISITING ELKs WILL
 ENTERTAIN BROTHERS

Tonight the visiting Elks will en- tertain the members of Juneau Lodge No. 420. at the club rooms Of the or der. A committee was appointed last Sunday afternoon to handle the en- tertainmont and this committee has been working hard and an elaborate progrom has been arranged. Among other things the committee has ar ranged with Tom Macdonald and Pat Scott to furnish three boxing bouts. An elaborate luncheon has also been prepared.
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-03-22
NEW WINDOWS BEING
 PLACED AT eoLDsTElN's

New plate glass windows are being placed in Goldstein's Emporium to replace those blown out by the Taku winds during the winter. The new windows are half the size of the old ones and with braces up the center, are expected to withstand the strong est winds. The work is being done under the direction of Olts & Gilpa- trick.
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-03-22
ps YOU COMING OR IS YOU
 ANT"

Juneau Lodge of Elks will meet to- night in the Elks' Home at eight O., clock sharp. All members are re- ouested to be present Balloting on candidates and initiation. Visiting Elks' Night-and something will be doing every minte 'Nuf sed."
 GEO. F. FORREST, FER.
 H. !. LUCAS, Secretary
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-03-22
TWO MEN ROB BANK, KloNAP
 CASHIER; ARE CAPTURED

JOPLIN. Mo-. March 22.-The Stark City bank at Stark City, Mo-. was robbed this afternoon by two men, who kidnapped the cashier The rob- bers were captured after one was wounded In pitched battle with a nnsse.
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-03-22
WILL REPAIR BRIDGE
 WHEN WEATHER BREAKS

". F. Pendergast. with a crew Of men. was expecting to leave this morn ing for Mendenhal to repair the bridge which was injured by ice dur ing the winter This morning they considered the weather too threaten ing and did not go. They will leave as soon as the weather becomes set fled.
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-03-22
TWO NEw NoTARiEs.

F. J. Warner. Of Anchorage. and D. F. Mcclure. Of Panama, were grant ed commissions as notary publics this morning. The bonds and commissions were filed in the office of Secretary Davidson this morning.
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-03-22

For seattle-F. W. Bucknell Mrs. Bucknen. Emma Kershima. c. Tip ton. Mrs. Lavella. J. olson, p. Amund- son. Mrs. Harry Fisher and child, l.. H.. White. J. N. Eastman. Jared Davis A. l.. Woodbridge. J. II. Rankin, N. C.. Miller. Miss Salmada.
 Fore wrangell-H. L. Morris. Mr.. Helps.
 For Petersburg-James Brennan.
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-03-22

of themselves and distant relatives, deep sense of gratitude for the expressions of sympathy and appre- citation the epople of Juneau have shown during the last Illness and since the death of Mrs. Bergman.
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-03-22
GEORGIA LEAVES FOR
 siTKA AND WAY PORTS

The steamer Georgia sailed last night at midnight for Sitka and way ports on her regular schedule, having cut out the Skagway trip this week. Those leaving on her were Ed Strike for Kilisnoo: Carl Stocl1well and Win Aiken for Sitl1a-
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-03-22
All Glasses Represented.

All classes of Juneau people-bus- .iness men, laboring men. profession- al men and craftsmen. men, women land chiidren-crowded the church and witnessed the last sad rites. All Of the Masonic fratornitIes were repre-. sented, the members of the Eastern Star attending in a body. The cas- ket was fairly smothered with floral pieces from friends and organiza- tions.
 Mfr. and Mrs. Gudman Jensen, the only relatives of Mrs. Bergman in Alaska. have expressed, in behalf
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-03-22
ALASKA JUNEAU FILES
 PROOFS OF LABOR

Proofs of labor for 6S lode mining claims belonging to the Alaska Juneau Gold Mining company, have been filed in the Commissioner office by P R. Bradley superintendent of that com pany.
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-03-22
WHITE HOUSE EAGLE FILES"
 AWAY AS WILSON MEplTATEs

wAsHINGToN-when the Mexican excitement was at it's highest, the American eagle flew or the flag pole on top of the White House. The flight. however, was due to sudden gust of wind. Now the eagle is being guided in the basement of the White House.
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-03-22

FOR RENT-Three-room house; in- ouire E. o. Jacobsen. 18th st.. Tide flat. 22-St
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-03-22

SAVE MoNEl on your dental work by seeing Dr. Half5rd. Seward Build ing. 2-lS-tf
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-03-22
AL-Ki PASSENGERS.

The AlKi left for the south last night with the following passengers.
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-03-22

PHONE aS9 for up-to-the-minute they service. 2-22-tl
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-03-22

DIR. FANNIE WAITE Eyesight spe;ialist-valentine Block
The Alaska daily empire., 1916-03-22

meoAuL's Safety Firnt
 i.i7.tf Efficient SERVICE
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-08-18
BRIDGEPORT ls II WAS 100 0-5O-20-YEARS AGO
 fTaken from the Files of The Evening Farmerl
100 50 20 YEARS AGO
by MT. c. c. Pendleton. was to hal,

by MT. c. G. Pendleton. was to have come off yesterday. The clubs re- spectively known as the Bridge ports and W. V. VI, were to have been the contestants, but the latter organization failed for some reason. to make their appearance, and there by forfeited the right to enter the lists this so"son. The ..Bridgeports''
 this forfeiture, remain in posses slon of the ..tI, and of course will put forth strenuous efforts to retain it. The next game will be between the latter and the Wheeler & Wilson club and will be played on August 22. When 1t was ascertained yesterday that the "Veni, Vidi. Vici" gentlemen were not going to put in an appearance, a nine was picked from the members of Pe- quonnock, American and Eureka clubs. who played against the 'Bridgeports." The excitement be- comes more and more animated in baseball circles and among the ad- mirers of the game. as these matches progress. The time when the gall lant Pequonnocks and Americans will enter the field, being looked forward to with much impatience.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-08-18

winning say of
  the National league league [1a
 
  covere  of at  in to the
 
 
  to convinced
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-08-18
TWENTY YEARS AGO
TO BRING OUT THE HORSES.

Because of the interest evinced last summer in horse racing at Seaside park on Saturday afternoons and the many close races held there meet ing has been called of all horse own CTS in this city for o'clock tonight in Lee Brothers store at Main and Golden Hill streets for the purpose of making arrangements for a series of meetings at Seaside park before the season closes. The probabilities are that there will be a large rep resentatiOn of horse men,
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-08-18
CHILDREN's COUGHS

Children's throats are delicate and sensitive. In play, at school or work they are exposed to chilling drafts. their little bodies are overloaded from exercises, they cool off too quickly and a cold sets in. The minute your child commences to cough get a bottle of Ieonardfs Cough Syrup (Creosoted). It is good for children's delicate throats, protects the lungs. raises the phlegm. and gives quick relief. A harmless, safe, pleasant remedy for coughs, colds, grippe, croup, whoop- ing cough and bronchitis-that is healing and soothing. Fine for adults too. 25c at your druggists. or Hindle's Drug Stores, 9S7 Main St. and 909 Main St-AdY.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-08-18
BLOWN OUT TO SEA.

Pressman C1eland of the Sunday Herald is limping around town today telling soul narrowing tale of his adventures on the stormy sea. He accompanied Proprietor F. R. Swift on a fishing excursion yesterday in a sail boat starting from Walnut Beach, where MT. Swift is spending the sum mer The adventurous newspaper men donned theft bathing suits. in- tending to swim but were overtaken by squall which carried away the x,addar of the boat and other move
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-08-18
NEW OUTRAGE UPON OUR FLAG.


 The Buffalo papers detail the par ticnlars of recent outrage commit ted upon our flag by the British. in Lake Erie. The brig Union, freight ed by MT. Williams. of Albany, in coming from Detroit, was boarded off Amherstburgh by a boat from the British garrison. with an officer and six men. The officer declared it his intention to search the vessel and to employ force if necessary. He or |dered the briggs crew into the hold and forecastle. and made a search as he pretended for deserters. The captain, finding remonstrance vain, surrendered up the vessel to the Brit is)1 officer. who kept the helm till he had finished the search. While the transaction was going on, two pieces of artillery had been brought to the shore, in order to fire upon the brig, had resistance been made. which were taken away after the boat reached the shore.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-08-18
ONE HUNDRED YEARS AGO.
swINDLER APPREHENDED.

"A swindler. who is said to have de- frAuded merchants in the southern states to the amount of $60,OO0 was apprehended in New York, on Friday last. Nearly $S.000 in bank bills were found in his possession. Hd is Said to- have accomplished the fraud by means of forged letters from gen. tlemen of high standing in the north ern and eastern states.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-08-18
yIFTY YEARS AGO.
sAu BOAT UPSErs.

\ saiIboat, with two men and two boys therein. was upset. yesterday af- ternoon, above the Noble's bridge One or two. for time, were in danger of being drowned, but all finally got ashore safe. They were seen by the picnic party in Frye's grove and caus- ed a great excitement among them, which continued until 1t was ascer- tained thatssthe danger was over.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1916-08-18
COLD MINE DISCOVERED.

A gold mine is said to have been discovered near Georgetown. about 3S miles below Pittsburgh on the Ohio river. A specimen has been tried by a silversmith in Pittsburgh who declares it Stor be pure virgin gold without alloy.