davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1916-07-21

, = 90 D D . . D . . y 90
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-07-09
TOPICS OF DAY
In WALL STREET
Direct Purchases of Rus.
sian War Loan Being
Made Here.
PLAN IMPROVEMENTS
TO NICKEL PLATE
Stock Markets Lethargy Al.
tributed to Oyersupply Of
Securities.

A prominent Wall street inyes,n,,,
house has lately been making iir.e
purchases Of Russian goyernns-
bonds issued under tho 200o000M
rublo internal war loan Of Narch sr
So far the Offering ~ those bonds b
American investors has met with ,.,.
nrising success, according 20 ne bari,
ers. considering that straight Russia
government securities are somethI,z
Of a novelty in this mar<ct The i,z
that makes these securires dogbly g..
tractiye and as a speculative .nyes;nm.
nuts them on par with participate,
in the s5OOOO,OOO Russian credit lo,.
recently arranged here b. 'be chs,s
Of large profits arising out ~ ne as'.
sian exchanges. As this rolss poi,a
mt Russian So per cen, bond q,
, 600 ruble denomination. which uris
normal conditions would cost ne Pr.
chaser s5i4.50 and yield s-'.50. wos;
a, prevailing exchange fafes 1oR etr
around 1910 and yield SltN3. impros.
rnent in ruble exchange, "r m is ei.
ain ~ follow the ending ot me IA
would therefore mean not only appn.
.;o,ion in the value Of the principal O.
A ner cent. but an increase N p,
r;old IN Q per cent on the original ,.
;y,o.,ment In other word provide
- rocovored 10 the normal lers
the original investment Of ~ Eo.t
have a value Of S5lf5O, wa-e me ytt
would rise 20 $3.50.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-07-09
BRIEF WALL STREET NEWS

The Minneapolis, So. Paul Saui,
Ste. Marie Railway Company Tepo o.,
for Nav gross earnings Of Sl,1O3'oo''
ne compared with Sl,235,l3 IN tne
same month year ago. net op'i
oting income. after expenses and taxes
was increased from S204,662 to $685.
800.
An extra dividend Of 10 per cent mas
been declared By the Eastman KODAK
Company on the common stock, payapie
August - 20 stock Of record July ~
Walker p. Hall and J. n. Roberts
have formed new stock Exchange
partnership, under the firm name OF
Roberts & Hall.
\. +. Carpenter g. Co., members Of
tho exchange, have opened new
branch Office at Breton Woods, y: H.
and bavo discontinued their branch az
500 Fifth Avenue, this city.
John ". r. Bergen, formerly seere-
tarv Of tho Broadway Trust company
has been elected treasurer or the hud-
son Trust Company. 20 succeed james
r. Edwards, resigned.
The McCrory stores Corporation re-
norris for the first half Of 1915 sales
amounting 10 $2.808.3Gi, an increase OF
S3G3.slG over the corresponding siE
months g.. 1918. equal 70 gain Of
nearly - per cent.
Rhoades g. Co. are offering a new ls-
sue Of S25O.000 Winston-Salem Union
Station Company first mortgage per
cent bonds at lOfA and interest.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-07-09

Three hundred shares OF Aicael Pit
common changed hands on ne Si'''
Exchange Yesterday between 50 a.
3gs. the last sale being az 3'.s 'e
loss of go points. In we" OF NE a.
nouncement that prominent New ioii
banking interests had been erected I.
The board. the weakness ia ne 'ic,'
aroused considerable comment. y
Gales of this issue were recorded r
dsv when the fact that tho New l'',
Central had sold control 20 l.eYe.H
interests was made public. bans''
here who have knowledge o. me par
Of the new management dee ared ni
"yerv creditabie scheme had Bee
adonted for improving the properly q
nrincipal project under con derai.
being the development OF terminal q
cilities in Cleveland. As an .ndepeal'.
road il was also said tha. ne coz
nanv would Immediately go ai.er ii'
business in direct competition W
the Michigan Southern. IL nas o"
the custom Of the latter company
tines past 70 turn over frame 20 q
Nickel Plate when other s-osiais''
,vere unable 20 carry IT,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-07-09
An Interesting Explanation.

"The Bache Review Tor me W.
noints 20 the oversupply or seelf...
as reason for the lack OF oloy1hl.
20 the stock market. The extra y.
ings on the Stock Exchanee since u
first of the year, amounting 70 ..
500 100000 il says, might pc go /.
with. but the great volume OF me PEI.
stocks that have come Do from aol..
keen the reservoir constantly rspt.
ished From the speculative pom, p.
lew this is a bearish situation; p-.
furnishes a remarkably favorable 81.
alton for the investor The July .e
vestment demand .s said to nave q,
unsatisfactory. This is certainly
due 20 a shortage of invcstnien. i-l-
What keeps these funds 80 j . -. /.
doubtedly the same restraining l.'.
taintv that has made business e "a, ~.
the question Of when peace WI. o.
and what will happen then. Al
nrecedented situation has ooeen
duced by the emptying 81 l9'. \.
strong boxes on our market, ah' ~
great overflow has kept prices D''
10 bargain levels"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-07-09
PUBLIC UTILITY NOTES
General News and Earnings Of Various
Corporations.


1hs directols ~a"Dei sePor' or the
Pacific Gas and Electric Company Tor
the fiscal year ended December 81, 1910.
issued TO stockholders, compares favor
ably with last years report. gross and
net earnings from operation showing
material increases over 1914, while ~
the same time there was effected de-
crease Of S515.095 IN interest and dis
count reQuircmcnts rs the result OF pay
ment during the year of S4,2l2,OOO one
year notes outstanding at December 81,
1914. Gross operating revenue for tho
year totalled SlS.530,S0l, an increase o.
Sl.6l7.6l3 over 1914 and after deduct
ing S9.2O5 500 for maintenance, operat-
ing expenses, taxes and reserves TOT
uncollectible accounts and casualties
and Sl.SS0.000 reserve for depreciation.
net earnings on hand totalled $1,94i,-
10s. a gain of S945.942 over the previous
year. Total net income. including prot
its on merchandise sales and other ms
cellaneous income, was SS,35S,5S1, an
increase of 81 ,052 ,005. Bond and other
interest charges amounted to $3.9So'-
ITO. and the balance to surplus to-
tailed S4.212. 766. an increase of Sl.o6i.-
l0l over that reported AT the close of
1914. or a gain of nearly 60 per cent
The increase in gross revenues was ac-
companied by net addition Of 2i,SiO
customers during the year. and the
average gross revenue per customer
was S44.S6 in 1915, against S43lS IN
1914 and S4S.iS in 1913
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-07-09
MARKET NEWS
AND COMMENT
Majority of Stocks Sag
Lower in a Dull
Session.
BIG DECREASE IN
BANK SURPRISES
Excess Reserves Now the Small
est Since Inauguration OF
New System.

Yesterdays stock market was "a typI-
cal warm weather affair with the
usual Saturday dulness accentuated by
tho absence Of many brokers who leit
town 90 cscarc thc heat Despite a
slachcninC Of activity IN the SNORT
session. stocks continued under press
NC from professional operators, ana
while the average OF net losses was
not Great. the tendency was distinctly
rcactiovary with only few issues re
cordinc gains ON the day. War spe-
cialtics and metal issues lost the mos.
ground. while the rails generally he'u
,befr own. United States steel com
mon. leading In point Of activity WIN
$500 shares 10 Its credit Ieit o"
p slight fraction higher. News de-
vclorr,cnts had little influence IN
sharing the course Of prices. although
tho Street viewed with increasing sat
isfactiun the fresh successes Of the
Allies.
An exception 20 the general ten
dcncv Of the railway issues was sup
pNed In the weakness Of the common
shares Of the NV York. Chicago d
s. Louis the nickel Plate con
troll Of which passed last week from
the New York Central into new hands.
The stock declined more than points
on small trading. American Ice
proved "a strong feature Of the indus
trials. closing a point up. Stocks as
rule opened steady. but subsequently,
turned heavy on an increase IN offerings
from professional traders. Bonds were
relatively more active than stocks,
with the sale of a block Of S25O,OOO
Of United States Steel sinking fund
rs at 1O47s attracting interest.
The weekly statement Of the Clear
ing House banks was about IN line
with expectations, cash reserves drop
ping S53.OOO.O0O as reslt Of the heavy
income and corporation taxes and
other seasonal demands. Surplus re-
serves decreased S35,747 $50 and now
stand az S53.546.O6O, and smallest re
ported by the local banks since the
inauguration Of the Federal Reserve
svstcr. The previous low was 500
S5O.34O on June and IN the interval
the item got above the S10O,000,OOO
mark. The surplus now compares
with high water mark Of S224,120,99O
made in the week ended September
10. 1915. Foreign exchanges were
dull and registered no changes Of i'm
portance.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-07-09
Ion i0n y 7.
close f0ulfa-
Bank Exchanges.

Payments through the banks, as re-
hected IN Clearing House transactions.
continue in record volume, the total
this week at the principal cities in the
United States. according 20 "Dun's Re
view amounting 70 $4OlS.O9l. $50 az
against S2,954091.7 $50 the same week
last year and S2.584,364.322 for tho cor,
responding week in 1914. thus showing
increases, respectively, Of no less thar
800 and BOB per cent New York Cir
reports the notably satisfactory gains
OF 3l.a per cent over last wear and "a 4
per cent over two years ago. AVERAGE
daily bank exchanges for the wear 70
date are given below for three years:
1915 lafs 80,
1uiy $50 s2S Ooo trqt az o,o lels
A, 6t,, e es: ssste goe ts5 SOL 900 4784l4 900
S''''''.'VV tsV.eS~ggg es.Q3l 600
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-07-09
ADVISES STUDY OF
NEW REVENUE BILL
Council Says There Is No Pos
sibility of Mortgage Tax.

The law committee of the Advisory
Council OF Real Estate Interests sug-
gests TO property owners the necessity
Of close study of the new revenue
bill that was introduced IN Congress
by Representative Claude Ktchin. II
is estimated that the bin viii raise
between $2O0,OOO.OO0 and 100000 900
by an increase in the rates Of the in
come tax. by the enactment Of an in
heritance tax law. while a number Of
the other taxes that were provided for
i'm the former revenue bill known as
the war tax bill, have been eliminated.
This removes all possibility of the
taxation on mortgages.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-07-09
New shipping Stock on Exchange.

Atlantic Gulf and Wcs- lnd.es y. y.
traded i'm on the big board iof ~
frst time Yesterday. Three ayh-..
shares Of the common changed n.
and 200 OF the first preferred. 49,
closing prices were unchanged -. ~,
the last sales on the clro' 90 fH- I.
The stock Of this company were -
nitted 10 list over a week ago, y.
were retained on the outside ms' !.
pending the completion of certain ii-. p, I.
tails necessary for active tradln5 !.
the exchange. They have enlols-D :.
sctive market on the curb dnrng. "a
mast month advancing from oe'o"
a high price Of 69"l
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-07-09
BUSH TERMINAL LEASES
Much Space Recently Rented in the
Model Lofts.

The leasing department Of the Bush
Terminal Company reports the follow
ing recent leases for space IN their
model loft buildings In Brooklyn; Inc
Paroouette Record Manufacturing Com,
pany. $685. square feet; The Standard
Album Corporation, l4,487 square Feet Get
the Acushnet Process Company, II 1891
square feet. Thos. De la Rue q %;
Ltd. lO.488 square feet; the Logwood
Chin Company, Ltd, $500 square feet,
and the Ii. b. Smith Company 1878
square feet.
The following tenants have taken a. ad-
5945 square feet; the Metal Litho-
graphing Company, 1909 square feet;
the Englander Spring Bed Company
2.525 sqaare feet; the Sirio Match Com
pany, 5,945 square feet; the SETON on
MANUFACTURING Company, l0.95O square
feet. John S. Boyd & Co., 1927 square
feet and the Brooklyn Metal Decorat-
ING & Dial Company, 10000 square ieet'
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-07-09

4 peculiar phase Of The s'tga,oI5 . I.
listing in the bituminous coal tts Sc,,
the moment. according 20 the 80
Trade Journal is that The &C.
which usually occurs M fransler.. y.
spot demand is practically aoses' ,.-,
likely 10 be so for period o.
at least. ct Is eNpec. .o H 80,
continues chat when --e ran
sets in. with the Anticipated nesy w.,
mand for tonnage which uslaly III :,
al that time OF ,ha veor mere ~ 81.
considerable dificu.'y 'n pr2mp,',. ,,,i
ing orders. which w come irou; ~,
who have not contracts rirning ~
entire wear. As 20 tre reason ~, -.
point Of view IL is hc.s most S0.iil ~
ouslv before us that 'a5or OF 90
scrintiors. particularly 'ha' ci, 0sl
necessary 20 the production OF ~
becoming less as months 20 oY. l,a
such demand occurring A. $50,
noted II is also feared that u'.'a 4,
tation facilities Wi. not oe W ,.,,s
mark so far as necessary sa.,,g-f
IN handling tonnage VlIl be ,sss
Why this Is so must occur lit,
who are familiar with trAn'pV'
facilities"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-07-09

American Can responded 70 cirs.
cision OF the United states ,s 49,. ?,
Court At Baltimore, reiAs'hs ~ ore,
ton 10 dissolve the company. ~ Ter r
ing at 81. half point up. oul .i'oe.sl d
acted to 52&. and fnaily- &C. s,l.a
53l,. off = on the dsy. ~, NV q,
Of the stock 70 hold she es ..Ss,r.s,
was attributed 10 che annoln,,ss,.
of % = the e. Department q justice , es.r
would appeal from me 'o"
ruling.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-07-09
Movement OF Snecie

lm0or's ~ specie a. The Por; n N,p York for The
wees cnl-i july were. cold. slr.nif $40 aud
si7ef. jl3so,2 making a total ~ $3.50 fsf
asain. fo'al ~ $500. ~ boz the preceding week
ana N,Nf fl' in fle spending week l.sf wear
since Jsn1arg ~ Imports amounted 10 81 sSl -
against So NifNli ia ne co-lcsp0niias period
a year Hso.
Espors Of specie were silver si07s24s and
GOD. AsIlsnoo fssinH a total ~ 81 qis 500 soid
aii silver lsst week .ri s. iej 6fl boo the ore !.
sponding wees last year Since January / fn. ct
I9r> ~ geld amounted fo $50 a-T s21 ~ .iir.,
sS5 s.Ifef. u I9lA -''''
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-07-09
Grand Rapids Railway.

The syndiate of bankers composed
Of Harris. Forbes & Co, Hodenpyl,
Hardy & Co. and +. w. Clark & Co.,
which purchased S3500,000 Of first
mortgage three-year . per cent bonds
Of the Grand Rapids Railway Company,
announce that the bonds have all been
subscribed for at 1894 and accrued in
terest
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-07-09
More Land for Nathan COnpall!! y.

The Cross & Brown Comp'1ss .a.
sold for Charles ". Copp eleven 70;
ON the south side Of West Grow 1.o.i,s
Flushing, L. l.. 10 the Nstna l,o ',r I.
turing Company; also me Nav )
Amity St. FOR John j. ana -"
Roony 10 the same buyer.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-07-09
Virginia Railway and Power.

Stockholders Of tho Virginia Railway
and Power Company, at their annual
meeting on July 20, will be asked 70
az prove nm increase in the authorized
amount OF preferred stock from S.,
0O0. 600 60 100000. II is proposed to
issue the additional stock from time 10
time for improvements. extensions and
bettermcnts
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-07-09
Railroad Earnings

Partial returns of the United States
railroads making weekly statements of
gross earnings 20 "Dun's Review" con
tinue 20 reflect very heavy volume Of
traffic, but while the total so far re
ported, $2S,920543, is 1871 per cent
larger than for the same month last
year and far in excess Of any previous
corresponding period. somewhat less
activity is indicated than in recent pre-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-07-09
Murray Hill Improvement. ;.

Charles +. Delano has leased ~
Pease & Gilman the three sso' Mr., ,
at l26 East 3Sth St. owned % .oys ~
+. Huntington. lie viii mp shuttrs,
site and $40 Lexington Az
with a fine dwelling.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-07-09
STOCK EXCHANGE FOR THE WEEh

Following table giving the NUMBER OF S""'e' " " a
s. with the highest o"' ~
final 81 the high ana 10"
and the high OF the l9l'
for I5s010o, against 269l6" we" ~"
400 yc., ayo s6So30O against 6Z'V'
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-07-09
NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE
SATURDAY. JULY 3. 1916.

of 10000 against h'ooo '"
apo to date 'o''''
ear All quotations, including a"""' "
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-07-09
INACTIVE STOCKS.

The following table gives the closing
bid and asked prices for stocks wnicn
are listed but which were not dealt IN
= - Stnck Exchange SATURDAY:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-07-09
BUSINESS TROUBLES


LASkE sADIER Niton in bankupcy 1Iel
sgsins' Loui. Laste and Elvsrd Ssder composing
me firm OF La'ke & sader. manufacturers NJ
Women's hats a. 20i Greene g.. hv thee creditor,
Moses Truman. Sis Hensheimer Bros $3.50 snd
LYMAN Rosel 1856 Liabilities are state, 10 be-
$3.50 md assets g. son
RAY MARKS Two petitions FLED against Raj
MARKS. shoe dealer. AZ sSl4 Broadway. trading as
MARKS Boot shop. hy these creiifoy AIle-
si'l. Perfect sirs Manufacturing Co. So and
Ld1ard 4. johnson 81. also ty Samuel Harris.
$3.50. ChsriS kaufman. 81. and Tera g. fischer
80 Liabilities arr stated 20 be- 50 oo0 and asset,
SAM ~ GRossMAN-Pehuon fled asairs,
samuel 6rossman shoe dea'eT a. lcs Clinton ~
hv ihesc crriltors Louis VI Taylor t1-0. ] +
liAc' CO.. >-lf. arl Concord Shoe Co Sl.s
lie maIr an as,igf meff June gf
VI. StHkElBEk sos comprsai NJ Moses and
samuel Schfeiher. manufacturer ~ hair ornaments
e. t-l BroAiw4y. have f,l a peiitino in hank
rlp'y. With Liabilities N5si End Do assefs
SAMUEL MILLER Petition in bankrIrsrv efef
ssAt.i Samn' Miller. srncor. 90 1889 southern
boulevard l' these crcll'c-. Boz amin Never.
$50 breakstonc Bro~. Bronx branch Inc $50
and Is. Gilman 4 sons $50 r. va slI.,g-i rh.t
nr has made o. as'ig meIt Liabilities ar s. 900
and assets 8 900
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-07-09

ola bas, 4
Z
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-07-09
Receiver Appointed

MOTION , WEBER-Judge Hand hss appoint
81 William ~ Culver receiver for Morton D
Wehrf. dealer Do mcis furnishing goods al $50
Seyo fl aV bpud &. 900
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-07-09

MORRIS FEIN. stable a. $40 Ea,t iifh g. hs.
scfs Sets
SARAH AARON. clothing dealer a. 40 Seventh
Az. nss hI.l --hciui- showing liabilities iiSI-
The American Jewish world. [volume] (Minneapolis ;) 1915-current, 1916-07-28


1t seemed an appropriate setting for
your representatives entry upon the
stage of his real work. The ele-
ments in wild conflict, the temporal
ture at the zero point, were fitting
reflection of the conflict of the En-
ropean nations and its chilling of hui
man sympathies and humane tenden-
cies. Warsaw with it's 100000 in
habitants, of which $4,000 are Jews,
gave me my first view of conquer
ed city in conquered land. The
German soldier everywhere in evil
dence; restrictions upon travel to
and from Warsaw and even within
the city itself; additional require
ments Of registration with the mill
tary authorities; absence of all tele-
phone communication in the city To-
cal population like that of all occu-
pied Russia, seemingly satisfied to
have been freed of it's former Rus
sian sovereignty, but racked with
the uncertainty of it's ultimate dispo-
sition and mastership; on it's main
streets, business and civic activities
seemed to be continued along nor
NAL lines, but visit to the poorer
residential quarters brought out the
story of the suffering and poverty
following in the wake of every war
The Boycott of Jews.
Prior to the war, a Boy-Scout
movement was organized in War
saw. Clearly, such movement en-
anates from the so-called better, in
tellectual, and cultured classes. Yet
in the book of rules and regulations
of the Boy Scout Organization, a
list of the equipment required of
each boy is followed with the state
ment: "In purchasing the above
equipment, as we'll as in making any
purchases that you or your family
may need, do not buy anything Of
the Jews" This book was of course
published only after being approved
by the official Russian censor 1t
needs no imagination to realize what
small measure or compassion and hui
mainly can come from those who
teach and are taught such principles
of religious hatred.
Prices Quadrupled.
Prices of food have scared to fig
ures that spell absolute starvation
for the poor Bread, which ordinari
ly costs three kopekas per pound in
Warsaw, now costs from fourteen
to seventeen kopekas Similar prices
prevail throughout Poland, Lithua-
MIA, Courland and the Baltic prov
The American Jewish world. [volume] (Minneapolis ;) 1915-current, 1916-07-28
SO55

population recognized fully the i'm
portance and high value of this work
of establishing communication with
America, and the thanks of hundreds
Of thousands of people were gener-
ously given to the Hebrew Shelter
ing and Immigrant Aid Society.
Direct Postal Service Between War
saw and United States.
The demand of your representa-
tive was for nothing less than the
opening of a direct postal service be-
tween the residents of General Cow
eminent, Warsaw, and the United
States of America. | explained to
the military authorities that very
many letters are incorrectly adj
dressed, and that many persons de-
sired to communicate with relatives
in America, whose addresses they
did not know. For these reasons
urged that all letters permitted to be
sent, should be addressed to the He
brew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid
Society of America, which has un-
usual facilities, through it's long ac-
quaintance with immigrants and inn
migrant problems, for correcting
wrong addresses and supplying mis-
sing ones. And in order that the let
tiers permitted to be sent should re-
quire only minimum of the CEN
sor's time and attention, we drafted
a form of letter, which though brief
was sufficient The authorities, in
line with their usual attitude of help
fu1ness, and their readiness to ex-
tend to ME every facility for this
work of mercy and practical relief,
granted this great privilege of open
ing a direct mail from all Of Guber-
Mas within the General GOVERN
ment, Warsaw, to the Hebrew
Sheltering and Immigrant Aid So
ciety of America, at 229 East Broad
way, New York City.
Notice to this effect was Off
cially published in all of the news
papers, and thousands of placards in
German were posted in all towns,
cities and villages, calling the atten-
ton of the people to this direct mail
service to America.
The posting of these placards in
the cities, towns and villages of this
part of occupied Russia was hailed
by the civil inhabitants with great
joy. I frequently saw them copy
ing the form letter and the name
and address of our Society, the pa
per in their hands moistened with
their tears of gratitude. Here at
last was built and in operation a
H.; Jco 1,o+1noo,, pO1opd and 1o1erica