davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Catoctin clarion., 1916-01-20
DANGER IN CROSSING BREEDS
Best Results hre Attained by Stick
Ing to One Breed-let Man OF
Leisure Do Experimenting.

All practical hog growers agree
that crossing the breeds Is a danger
Gus practice, and that the best results
are attained by sticking to one
breed.
Still. some men are clinging to the
idea that it is possible to incorporate
all the good qualities Of the different
breeds into a close.bred animal.
1t is a disastrous belief il put into
practice. There may be certain in
stances when crossing will give good
results, as in the production Of pig
pork.
The man who is experimenting with
the various breeds and crosses, in
search of something better than has
yet been found, may have a mission,
but such line Of investigation is not
practical for the man who must de-
pend upon the return from his swine
feeding for his farm profits.
He is on safer ground if he confines
his taste and skill to improving one
well established breed and leaves the
experimenting to the man OF leisure
and means.
Catoctin clarion., 1916-01-20
DRUGS GIVEN TO LIVE STOCK
Medicines Are Administered by People
Without knowledge Of Action
Study Symptoms Of Animals.

Frequently drugs are administered
by people without any knowledge OF
their action. One individual only re-
Gently asked what he should give his
horse when aconite and nitre had
failed to cure. 1t is always best for
one to know the action OF drug be-
fore 1t is administered to live stock.
thorough study of the symptoms OF
the animal should be made before any
drugs are given. Just because certain
drugs have succeeded in some neigh.
bors horses, there is no reason they
will cure yours. To illustrate-a horse
is suffering from collie. A dose OF
opium would be correct to give ii 1t
is spasmodic collie, while II the patient
has impaction of the bowels dose
of opium would only pack the bowels
the harder. A dose of aconite should
never be given when the heart is weak
and slow, for the reason that aconite
depresses the heart and will cause
death. On the other hand, aconlte
would be the proper drug to give when
the heart was beating full and strong
and very rapid. A common mistake
is to give horses sweet spirits of nitre
when suffering from frequent urina'
ton, as this drug is diuretic or in
creases the flow of urine. 1t only ag-
gravates the trouble in this particular
case.
In diseases of the respiratory tract
when the high fever has caused con-
stipation one should never use aloes
on account of the danger from super
purgation. Raw linseed oil is prefer
able, as it is much safer.
Catoctin clarion., 1916-01-20
BEST TIME TO PRUNE TREES
DELAY Work Until Danger Of Winter
Killing Is Past-Sometimes Desir-
able to Prune in Summer.

Questions are often asked about
the desirability of early winter prun-
ing of orchard trees. Some people
have notion that early pruning
causes more watersprouts and heavy
growth than will be the case II the
pruning is delayed until late winter.
Others are fearful Of cutting limbs
after the sap begins to flow or after
buds have started.
The horticultural department at the
Ohio College Of Agriculture states that
as a general rule winter pruning pro-
notes wood growth, while summer
pruning checks growth of trees 1t
makes no difference, then, at what
time during the dormant season the
Catoctin clarion., 1916-01-20

already bought, and purchasing bet.
ter individuals belonging to the same
breed.
1t is usually safer to try to improve
within the same breed than 1t Is to
improve by changing to a different
breed. There are good individuals and
good strains within any of the breeds
intended for particular purpose.
Catoctin clarion., 1916-01-20
MISTAKE TO CHANGE BREEDS
start With the Kind Liked Best and
Stick to lt-CuIl Poor Specimens
and Buy Better Ones.

To change breeds every now and
then is poor practice One should be
very careful before the particular
breed is chosen. To use a Holstein
sire one year in order to obtain a
large flow of milk, Guernsey sire an
other year to secure richness of milk,
and Shorthorn sire the next time,
is the wrong principle to employ In
the breeding and raising Of good cows
Undoubtedly some good cows will
be obtained in the herd from such
methods of procedure. but there will
be no uniformity of size, form, appear
ance and production, and the owner
has no assurance Of what he Is going
to get in the future. 1t is case OF
too many in the mixture, and it is
guesswork as to which one will come
to the top.
First, select the breed with great
care, then stick to it. If mistake Is
made the first time in obtaining poor
specimens and poor producers. then
rectify the mistake as soon as possible
by selecting the right kind Of a sire
belonging to the same breed to head
the herd, or by selling the animals
Catoctin clarion., 1916-01-20
GOOD cow STALL AND FLOOR
Dairy Building Should Be Constructed
With Aim to Keep Cows Dry and
Clean as Possible.

While it is more pleasant to work IN
fine barns, it is not necessary to have
them in order to get good results, but
items under this head are quite nec-
essary for getting the best returns.
With the comfort Of the animal in
view, our buildings should be con-
structed with the aim to keep the COWS
as dry and clean as possible. Cement
floors built with about the same thick
ness as sidewalks and so construct
ed as to offer good drainage are the
most serviceable, says writer in West
ern Farmer. They should contain
gutter IS to 20 inches wide and seven
Catoctin clarion., 1916-01-20
DAMAGED WHEAT FOR SWINE
Feeding It Alone Than With Corn
In Fattening Hogs.

The grade and market price Of part
Of the 1915 wheat crop has been so
much reduced by ysprouting in the shock
that it is not too high for hog feed.
Recent feeding tests by l.. A. Weaver
at the Missouri experiment station
have shown that wheat fed alone gives
greater gains in fattenings hogs than
either corn alone or corn mixed with
wheat. The addition Of tankage to the
ration resulted in still more econom-
ical gains, especially during the early
part of the feeding period.
IL ground, the wheat is better digest
ed and three pecks produce as much
grain as bushel of unground wheat,
both being soaked.
Catoctin clarion., 1916-01-20
SEPARATION OF SOUR MILK
Pour From One Pan to Another,
Breaking UP Curd as Fine as Pos
sibIe-Prevents Clogging.

Milk that has curdled will separate
with difficulty. Such milk should be
thoroughly mixed previous to separat-
ing, by pouring from one can into an
other. In this way the curd is broken
up as finely as possible, so that it will
not clog the machine. The separation
of curdled milk finally clogs the skim
milk tubes, with the result that more
skim milk passes through the cream
outlet. making thinner cream.
On the other hand, when sour milk
which has not curdled is separated,
the cream produced will be thicker.
This is due to the fact that cream
from sour milk has high viscosity,
or is less fluid, and smaller proper
ton of cream is delivered, contain
ing higher per cent of fat.
Catoctin clarion., 1916-01-20


turesque and Spectacular Roads In
West-lt Is Built Along the Top Of
a Ridge 300 Feet Above Canon City,
Colo.
bandry. Other statistics also show
that only about one.third of the total
population is rural.
Therefore, 1t is clear that under
federal aid about two-thirds of the
national fund would be contributed by
city residents while all of it would
be spent for improvement of rural
roads.
1T should be remarked in this con-
nection," says the report, that al
though the burden of national partic.
ipation in highway improvement
would fall most heavily upon city resi-
dents, yet inhabitants of cities have
been among the most active advocates
OF federal participation in highway
construction and maintenance. While
the merchant, the manufacturer the
professional man, and the wage earn
er OF the city are only indirectly In
terested, they appreciate the value OF
good roads to the community and rec
ognize the indirect benefit they will
enjoy"
The report, printed as house docu-
ment 1910, contains the most extern
sive collection of data on good roads
ever gathered in one volume, Any
person desiring a copy should write
to his senator or congressman.
Catoctin clarion., 1916-01-20
Capital Mortgage Lifters.

A few choice cows and few go OIL
sows will lift the mortgage frsm Il
farm quicker than it can be done il,
any other way. They will also build
q modern home, put in new furniture.
establish a water and lighting plant,
and start you well on the highway Of
prosperity. II you haven't enough live
stock to consume all the feed groWn
borrow money and buy more.
Catoctin clarion., 1916-01-20
|. < 81 "a
- ~ ss,
$IROAD
BUILDING
COST OF ROAD IMPROVEMENT
Federal Roads Bill Shifts Part Of
Burden From Farmer to City Resi-.
dent-lnterestins Figures.

That federal aid will shift part OF
the burden of road improvement from
the farmer to the city resident, Is
clearly shown by the report OF the
joint congressional committee pre-
pared by Hon. Jonathan Bourne, Jr,
chairman. Farmers will be particu'
larly interested in the figures present
ed
Bourne shows that since national
revenues are derived from indirect
taxes, contributions to national funds
are practically in proportion to pop
ulation. While census reports show
that less than half of the people reside
in cities of $500 or more. the fact
is that most residents of cities OF q
500 and less are in reality city resi-
dents. Out OF l5,963,965 families. o.
6S9,S3S reside on farms. OF 3S,l67,336
persons engaged in gainful occupa'
tions, 12,G59,2O3 are engaged In agri-
culture forestry and animal hus'
Catoctin clarion., 1916-01-20
TO GET BETTER DAIRY cows
Breeders Association Keeps One In
Touch With Best and Modern
Ways Of Managing Herd.

I. Treat cows gently and avoid ex'
citement.
2. Be regular in time OF milking.
3. Keep stables clean, well'lighted
and ventilated.
4. Weigh the milk of each COW at
milking time.
s. Get your neighbor to share with
Catoctin clarion., 1916-01-20
CONCRETE FLOOR is FAVORED
Much Waste Of Feed Can Be Prevent
ed by Average Farmer-Roughase
Rack for Swine Is Shown.

There is a great deal of feed wasted
on the average farm each year, but SO
little is lost at time that you seldom
notice it. II you would take the time
to count up what is knocked out OF
the troughs by the animals and tram
pied under foot in one months time
you would be so surprised at the large
Catoctin clarion., 1916-01-20
Piq Feeding Experiment.

At the Ontario station, 100 pounds
of meal, when fed to 40-pound pigs,
proved equal to 1868 pounds of skim
milk and to from 376 to ASS pounds
of tankage. depending upon the grade
used. The skim milk was fed in the
proportion of about one and half
pounds to one pound of meal, the tank
age one pound to about six pounds of
meal.
Catoctin clarion., 1916-01-20

you in owning a Babcock milk tester,
and test the product Of each COW.
6. Discard the animals which have
failed at the end of the year to pay
for their keep.
7. Breed your COWS to a purebred,
registered dairy bull from a family
having large and profitable produe-
ton of butter fat.
s. Raise we'll the heifer calves from
COWS, which for one or more genera
tions have made large and profitaDle
productions of milk and butter fat.
8. Breed heifers to drop their first
calves at twentyfour to thirty months
of age. Give cows six to eight weeks
rest between lactation periods.
10. Join dairy cattle breeders as
sociation. 1t will help you keep post
ed and in touch with the best and
most modern ways of managing your
dairy herd.
Catoctin clarion., 1916-01-20
365-Day Road Club Maxims.

Waste no time wishing. Work
brings quicker results.
Many bad roads are only good road
material wrongly arranged.
We must live with the dirt road, 80
make it as good as possible.
In many localities the big, fat dol
lar that goes into the collectors Office
in the fall looks like thirty cents
when met on the road next spring.
Catoctin clarion., 1916-01-20
For the Silo.

Short, immature corn should be al
lowed to stand until nearly dry before
putting into the silo. That Is, the
leaves should be nearly dry; the stalk
should be pretty well filled with sap.
II this corn is put in while too green
it may make sour silage.
Catoctin clarion., 1916-01-20
Renair Leaking Teat.

If COW has little hole in the
side of her teat, through which the
milk squirts, wait till she is dry, then
scrape the edges OF the hole till 1t
bleeds and sew together. Take out
the stitches when II heals.
Catoctin clarion., 1916-01-20
Ideal for keepinq Milk Cool.

A springhouse or refrigerator Is
the ideal thing for keeping milk cool.
but million of pounds of good butter
are made every year with no better
equipment than a tank for the cans
filled with a pump from well.
Catoctin clarion., 1916-01-20
Stop Production.

Production must cease when the
transportation costs eat up the profits,
Catoctin clarion., 1916-01-20

Great 0ufh3rE Fr3. d mtg,
80 iEE un
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1916-02-25
INVESTIGATION NEEDED.

Senator Robinson of Arkansas has
laid before the committee on military
affairs evidence of defective equip
ment, favoritism and general inefici-
ency in the aero corps of the army,
with Photographic copies of letters
which he declares passed between Col
onel Reber, head of the corps, and
Captain Cowan, in charge of the San
Diego aviation station. One letter,
from Cowan, said that if the corps was
ever investigated from outside the
service it would be impossible to ex-
plain 'the rotten way in which the
work has been handled"
If this letter is authentic, and Sena-
tor Robinson would hardly offer it if
| it were not, then it is high time that
the aviation corps was investigated
and investigated from outside the ser
vice, even from outside the military
committees of congress. And while
the investigation is on congress had
better authorize thorough investiga-
ton into the other corps of the army
from the infantry to the commissary
1t Is no dark secret, no secret at all
in fact, that there is inefficiency in tbs
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1916-02-25
PROPERTY" AND PERSONS.

Some Of us would never have paid
very much attention to the process by
which the United States Judiciary Is
established had it not been for Presi-
dent Wilson's nomination of Louis D.
Brandeis to succeed Justice Lamar.
Before confirming such an appoint
ment, the senate must investigate a
nominees fitness for the post. In Bran
deis' case. the ordinary opportunity to
support or TO oppose a nominee has
developed into what is virtually trial.
The senate judiciary subcommitte has
noted witnesses that testimony will be
taken under oath.
Brandeis' qualifications are being at
tackled by various agents of big bust
ness. 1t is not possible to outline all
of these attacks in this place.
/ The important point is that the
people, are learning how extremely
| important the personnel Of the SUI
| preme court is to Wall street and to all
| that Wall street stands for.
| We are being forced to see what We
have previously closed our eyes to,
that special privilege always stands
ready to wage a bitter battle to retain
hold upon the highest court Of the
| land. A writer to New York paper
| puts it this way:
| THE supreme court has always been
justly regarded by our people as the
| bulwark of their property rights and
the safeguard of their liberties"
! This whole controversy over Bran
deis has made thousands of us see
that the supreme court is not for part
of the public service. He is known as
''the peoples attorney" He has de-
Tended the poor and he has offended
the rich. For this reason the brokers
on the floor of the New York stock ex-
change professed to believe his nom
nation for the supreme bench a joke
A news item of that date says: When
the tickers announced his choice, the
groan that arose sounded like the echo
Of great national disaster"
Naturally Wall street can see moth.
ing but joke or disaster in any at.
tempt to restore the supreme cour
to the country's one hundred millions
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1916-02-25

fodder In the poor mans home fire.
quently consumes more sugar than the
millionaire. In other words, a sugar
tax bears as heavily upon a working
man as it does upon J. Pierpont Nor
gan. Congressman Tavenner and the
men who stand with him insist that If
extra battleships are to be built some
thing besides sugar should be relied
upon to furnish the money. Congress
man Tavenner has contended for free
sugar for years. The Underwood bill
placed sugar on the free list this year.
1t is manifest that Mr.. Tavenner could
not support the repeal proposition.
1t is indeed disconcerting to find that
just at time when there seemed ev-
cry likelihood there would be slight
reduction in the high cost of living by
reason of the advent of free sugar 1t
should be proposed by those in power
to continue a tariff schedule framed
originally for the purpose of promot-
ing the interests of the sugar. trust.
In taking his stand against the propo-
sition to continue the tax on sugar,
Congressman Tavenner is not only
making performance square with
promise, but he is contending in the
interest of the homemaker and the
housekeeper. A sugar tax adds to the
cost of sugar. And that is all there
is 10 1t. The militarists want to use
the proceeds of the sugar tax to build
battleships. Instead of a tax on SUI
gar, why not super tax upon un-
earned incomes?
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1916-02-25
Brady.n.D.
IAN Dyspepsia Be Nervous?

From time to time we have let loose
our unbridled ridicule upon the dag
nosis or guess Of nervous dyspepsia"
in this column and in correspondence
with readers. Now, in order to be
perfectly fair, we are obliged to eat
our words. Sometimes dyspepsia real
ly can be nervous, we have just dis
covered. We are young yet Well
learn.
Pawlow, the great Russian physiolo-
gist, who did delicate surgical opeI .
ton whereby he was able to divide 1
a pouch from dogs stomach and
make little opening into the pouch
to permit Of observation and study,
found that the mere sight and smell
of savory food instituted a prompt flow
OF gastric juice, even if the food never
entered the stomach Further, he
found that if the dog was shown food,
and the psychic influence induced a
free flow Of juice, this flow persisted
for some time, even after the food was
removed from the dogs sight or smell.
And most important Of all, he learned
that If the flow was thus induced. and
then the dog was emotionally aroused
by the sight OF a cat, the flow prompt
ly ceased, and could not be restored
for some time afterward, even if food
was offered. The dog, it is plain, had
psychic dyspepsia-or would have if
fed while his anger or rage was thus
inhibiting or preventing the secretion
Of the digestive fluid.
Identical observations have been
made by numerous other psychologists,
notably Professor Cannon of Harvard.
And that the same psychic or nervous
influences prevail in man is borne out
by several observations made upon
human beings with gastric fistula-
that is, an opening made through the
side into the stomach, for feeding pur-
poses, in patients with some obstruc-
ton of the esophagus or gullet.
Wherefore we retract. revoke. ,bift
our ground, back down and apologize
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1916-02-25

United States army. The enormous
sums required to maintain the service,
in comparison with the moneys spent
by other powers, are ample evidence
Of this inefficiency That there may be
graft and favoritism, just as Mr.. Rob
inson expects to reveal there has been
in the aviation corps, is not improba-
BILE. That there is much petty graft is
testified to by every enlisted man or
every man who has ever been enlisted.
Such an investigation of the whole
army service, from top to bottom,
from side to side, from end to end and
inside out is imperatively necessary.
We are proposing today to increase
our army to nearly twice its present
size and to add to it a reserve corps
five times as big. We cannot afford to
double the sum we spend on our army
today, about ninety-five million dol
lars. If this were necessary then we
would have to go without our army in
crease. But unless a thorough reor-
ganization of the whole rotten system
is made before the bigger army plan is
accepted that is what we will be called
upon to do
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1916-02-25
Selected by Tavenner

Personally do not believe that eth
er the war or navy departments should
accept the designations of officers who
desire to enter employment with con-
Germs having dealings with the govern
ment Army and navy officers are but
human, and if they know that by win
ming the favor Of private war traffick-
ing firms they may be taken into their
employment at two, three, or four
times their present salaries they ara
not likely to be as insistent upon hold
ing out for all that the public is en-
titled to as they would otherwise be.
In few words. this policy places a
premium upon serving the interest Of
the war trading firms instead of serv-
ing the interest Of their employers,
the American taxpayers, who have
paid for their special training and are
entitled to the full benefit thereof.
Furthermore, the basis of the policy
of accepting designations under the
conditions noted is the assumption that
the government is going to continue to
| give the maximum amount of contracts
for war materials to private plants and
manufacture the minimum amount in
| government arsenals, navy yards, and
shipbuilding plants.
believe this assumption is entirely
erroneous. I realize full well, how
ever, that the great majority of the
army and navy officials view the prop
osition Of complete government manu-
facture Of war materials with derision
and contempt and that this view is
fully shared by those army and navy
journals that rely upon the advertis-
ing of the great war trafficking firms
for their principal revenue. But I'M
less 1 mistake the temper of the Amer
lean people, the days of the war traf-
ickers are numbered. That great
giant, public sentiment, is slow to act
but If l read the signs Alright, the giant