davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Norwich bulletin., 1916-03-23

whose orderly kitchen. with its rows
of polished pewter plates, was a chief
source of pride.
Further carrying out this idea of ex-
quisite cleanliness, Miss Quirk uses
glass tubes as spoons and glass test
tubes are preserving jars. The latter she
plugs with tufts of cotton after they
are filled with media to keep out all
communicating air and oranges them
in orderly fashion in the set of shelves
which she calls her pantry. And here
is another strange thing-a tuft of
cotton will filter out the germs float
ing in the air. ss+
FThe scullery is one OF the most inter-
esting parts of her MENACE not from
| IL appearance-whichd differs little from
any other room used for simi1ar pur-
pose-but for the process which is fol-
| lowed there in washing the soiled
dishes.
When the test tubes of media are dis
carded by the Psychologists after they
have served their purpose in the ex-
periments with the bacteria and fungi
they are sent to the scullery and wash
ed with a solution OF acid, which cuts
away and disinfects all bits OF food ad
herring to the sides and bottom OF the
| tubes. go -
They are then washed in alcohol to
remove the traces of the acid and final
| ly. are rinsed. with distilled water to
| remove the alcohol, The fourth step IN
/ this intricate dishwashine process Is
by no means the least important After
Norwich bulletin., 1916-03-23

agar Is one of the most popular
dishes she prepares. Other test tubes
are filled with media made of corn
meal-which might be considered the
bacteria's bread-potatoes, beans, car
rots and other vegetables. Fruits are
not neglected in this ultra-scientific
bill OF fare. Orange, apple and ba-
mana agar are but three of a number
of fruit preparations which might
qualify as scientific desserts
These media are a few of the thou
sands which are kept at hand ready
for use. OF course, in many instances
purely chemical preparations. as the
layman understands them, are also
made as bacterial nutrients. For this
reason Miss Quirk's apothecary shop
is well stocked. 1t fills one entire wall
of her worlSroom and contains samples
of all the materials OF high-sounding
names which are associated with scien-
tif1c laboratories,
In Miss Quirk's stockroom are found
her imported German cooking utensils
| OF all shapes and sizes-glass beakers,
tunnels and TASKS, which are blown
especially to resist intense heat and
the solvent action of water, acids and
alkaloids, for, curiously, common glass
| is quite soluble and substances dis
solved from it may affect the quality
of the culture media
The appearance of these brilliant
glass utensils as they are arranged on
| the shelves might excite the envy OF
even an old-fashioned housekeeper,
Norwich bulletin., 1916-03-23

each test tube, beaker or petrie dish
is rinsed and drted IT IL wrapped In
brown paper and baked for an hour and
a half at $50 degrees centigraoe TO
complete it's sterilization.
The reason of such exact care. Miss
Quifk explains, IS obvious. The organisms
whichNare studied are SO minute that their
characteristics are ofttirnes difficult to
observe: IL any other living matter con-
teammates them the results OF the different
experiments are affected and the work
rendered useless
MY Stoves" Miss Quirk continued. ex-
planning the equipment as she accom-
panied the interviewer through-her l1itch-
en-, ARE a bit unusual In addition to
the Bunsen burners. which correspond to
any ordinary flame. and which use for
the simple boiling process, i have three
kinds Of ovens which are my steamers and
bakers; the autocloves. which can be
regulated to any high temperature and
provide = quick means Of sterilization.
one heating being sufficient; the dry oven,
mentioned as used for sterilizing glass
ware. and the steamers, which give a tenn
lperature Of 100 degrees centigrade; in
these the culture media must be heated
| four times at intervals OF twenty-four
hours TO make certain that It win remain
sterile" --l,4.
During her connection with the labora-
tory Miss Quirk has designed q piece OF
apparatus which Is calculated to be a
| time saver. Her design was executed at
Norwich bulletin., 1916-03-23

leave the seal raising In the hands
of experienced sealers. and the seal
ing rights were thereupon leased For
O number OF years this arrangement
lasted, but in 1910. the lease was not
renewed and the government proceeded
to manage. through the bureau of FISH
cries, its affairs on these far-away
seal and fox islands. Investigation
showed a tremendous Industry that
needed more rigid. management to de-
velop It's possibilities.
For instance, under the old leasing
system, they would in 1910 have pro-
duced SIs0.oo0, whereas they actually
did turn into the Treasury 100000 A
closed season for the purpose OF build
ing up the depleted seal herd was COW
cred by. an act of Congress, and this,
in turn, was abolished by the treaty
in December OF 1911, the parties
to which were the United States,
Great Britain, Russia and Japan, the
only countries engaged in the sealing
industry BY the terms of this treaty
the United States. in return for the
stopping OF all sea sealing, Is TO have
entire control of the land sealing and
to pay 10 Great Britain and Japan 15
per cent each of the total skins taken.
| It is expected that killing of the seal
herd will shortly be resumed The two
large islands have been the stopptne
places OF large packs Of foxes which
Norwich bulletin., 1916-03-23
THIS EXACTlNG HOUsEKEEPER CARES FOR

and it is her duty to supply the food
material for the bacteria which this
laboratory studies. She has three as
sistants, who aid her in running her
kitchen; nevertheless she personally
buys all OF the cooking materials and
prepares all of the bacterial media
as this kind of foodstuf is seientifi-
cally called.
Bacterial diseases of plants are
studied in the laboratory of plant
pathology, and all sorts of expert
ments are made in each of the indt-
viduaI cases to determine the nature
of the organisms which cause the dis
eases For this reason, an enormous
amount of bacterial media is used by
the pathologists during a year. To be
exact, $500 test tubes full are needed
every month, and as all varieties OF
media are employed it is necessary that
Miss Quirk follow the most exact
methods.
Her workroon is a combination SOUL
lery, kitchen. pantry, stock cupboard
andF apothecary shop. Here, in her
double capacity of chief cook and head
nurse in this pathological establish
ment, she follows scrupulously the d.
rections given in regard to the bac-
teria's diet.
A glance at Miss Quirk's pantry will
reveal stock of prepared food, some
|sof which differs little in name or COM
position from that which appears on
the table in any ordinary home. Beef
Norwich bulletin., 1916-03-23
THOUSANDS OF BACTERIA

the factory which supplies this line of
material 1t 10 a combination OF glass
tubing arranged in such a way 10 sup
plant tunnels and ordinary tubes for
measuring OF amounts OF media to all test
tubes -.
In order to illustrate how exact my
METHODS must be-" said Miss Quirk. Il
will give you the steps which follow I'm
the preparation OF one OF the media
beef agar, for instance
Il use on an average OF six pounds
Of beef a day. I proceed to make Il ac-
cording to the standard recipe for beef
bouillon, with one part OF the minced
beef and two parts Of water, giving the
, meat water bath az temperature be-
low so degrees centigrade. This draws out
the blood. but will not agulate the
aIbumen in the meat
Then I put the Jar into the steamer
and increase the Temperature 50 that the
albumen may be coagulated and all OF
the meat juices be extracted. Al this
point the liquid corresponds to beef tea
But the bacteria are fastidious IN the
matter Of their food. and ]. must Yellow
few more steps before the. material II
ready for them.
IT litter of the fat by pouring the
LIQUID through a funnel of imported
alter paper and make up the proper
proportions OF lost water TO assure the
original measure. After standardizlng
lft according TO a scale 10 determina ia
iAcid and alkaline properties am ready
Norwich bulletin., 1916-03-23

than had. been secured abroad: the
government thus got more for it's furs
and the process of selling cost less.
Last year there was no sale, because
there was no market, and Congress
authorized the withholding of IL. This
sale, the other month, attracted buyers
from Germany. France, England. Aus
tria and Canada"
The raising OF foxes and the seal
fur production are both enterprises
carried on by the government by vir-
tue of its ownership of the Pribilof
Islands, which. are small scraps of
land in Boring sea, 900 miles west Of
the Alaskan mainland and 200 miles
north of the chain of Aleutian Islands.
that stretch out in the north Pacific
toward the coast of Asia. These is
lands, two of which are more than
twelve miles long, and two others mere
heaps of~rock. comprise the summer
home and breeding place of the largest
herd of seal in the world. They are
also the home of the rare blue foxes,
found elsewhere only occasionally.
Although the value of these Islands
was appreciated, because of the seals
| in 1857, when Alaska was purchased
from Russia, IL was thought best 70
Norwich bulletin., 1916-03-23

We have always sent our sealskins to
London, there we have paid to have
them dyed and dressed and have
brought them home again, paying duty
on their return and other charges on
account of double transportation. All
of these various charges added about 50
per cent to the cost of the raw skins
so that by the time the fur came back
to America. ready to be made up into
garments, 1t cost more than one-half
above, its price when purchased as a
raw skin. =
With this new plan to sell and pre-
pare our furs right here in this coun-
try, we not only establish a new Indus
try for our people to learn, but we also
expect that 1T will return greater profit
TO the government on the sale of the
skins, while at the same time reducing
the expenses incident to the dyefng and
dressing. And the finished fur will un-
doubtedly be sold to the American con-
sumner or purchaser at a lower cost
than has ever before been the case.
The recent auction in ST. Louis was
the first public auction of government
furs to occur in this county and
marks an epoch in the CONNIE cial
history of the land. Two years ago
however, there was a private sale OF
few sealskins that led up to the
plan now in operation. 1t was a sue
cess, and better prices were obtained
Norwich bulletin., 1916-03-23

Once this brand-new industry is fair
1y launched. st. Louis may proudly
claim the distinction of being the cen
ter Of the fur trade of the world. AL
ready ranking third among the fur
markets. circumstances arising from
the European war have censpired to
place the crown of fur leadership upon
the brow of that city. with yearly
value that promises ten tettwelve mil
lion dollars.
Norwich bulletin., 1916-03-23

TO add chemicals according TO the taste
Of the bacteria, which Completes the
process
This. then. Is my method OF cooking
meat, Miss Quirk went on to say. IN
many cases the pathoiogtsts desire TO
see the reaction OF bacteria and fungi
on cooked fruits and vegetables. In
such cases ! wash the fruit In distilled
water and dry IT, Then pieces are
placed In the test tubes: these are
sterilized and plugged and may be kept
Tor an indefinite time.
After have checked up the different
media give "a the number to which IL
corresponds In my recipe book and set
I II away In the pantry. Each medium
has different recipes each process In
It's preparation must be recorded as
follow IT. To date. have made s,51s
different patches OF culture media. but
though this sounds a formidable num-
Der. IL Is essential that each and every
process be stated exactly. in case any
one else wishes TO reproduce n medium
for the benefit OF o scientist who Is re-
peating an experiment
4 Though IL may appear" Miss QuIrk
added, that i follow a similar line OF
work every day. yet problems arise
constantly for me to solve. As with
every other houeekeeper. I ind that
two ways exist for doing nearly every
/ thing. So I am constantly on the look
4 out for the right way and better meth.
lods or easier syatemA-
Norwich bulletin., 1916-03-23

IDrSrES eEoS.

foxes should have a runway Of about
:.5oO square feet They thrive on
bread, mush. milk. etc The repro
ducttve period Is about ten years and
the average litter contains four cubs
They bear their captivity well ana are
Because Of the exceedingly high value
set upon silver foxes. many precautions
are taken 70 avoid then loss On some
animals are regularly examined by doe
tor and guarded by watchmen. bulldogs
and burglar alarms Cats are kept on
hand TO act as foster-mothers to orphan
cubs Fox hounds are trained 20 over
take and hold. without inturing them.
any runaway foxes that have escaped.
and bloodhounds are employed TO track
thieves that would steal them
-
Most surprising Of an OF the data 20
be had on the subject Of fur farming. fur
buying. etc. is thatNEhieh concerns fur
selections For Il would indeed be .
wise animal that would know Its own
hide under cover Of the names and g1tsss
by which It Is made to masquerade
Much red fox goes TO big stores an
black fox, and all Of the other fur coated
animals Of lesser value are utilized 70
an animal that they probably never even
met in the whole course Of their lifetime
for instance. the family mouse cats fha
dog. rabbit or goat.
or them all. however. the Angora goat
takes the prize for the variety Of uses 20
which IL Is put Many Of the buggy
robes. sold as wild animal fur. are moth
| ing more than Angora goat skins dyed
Many OF the monkey-skin nuns and coats
/ worn BY women are only straight-haired
/ goat skins dyed black There - no other
/ animal that can supply the great variety
/ OF demands for substitutes for high-claMa
i furs better than the Angora goat When
its hair Is one month old II Is scarcely
| told from astrakhan. after IL has bean
dyed black. II taken a little earlier u
| can be made 20 represent either The
polar OF the black bear. according 20 the
kind OF dye used.
| Another use for the Angora goat skin
= Is in the making Of lace trimmings. which
| command a price per yard equivalent 20
Il SIS for a single hide. Stin another use
\ Is In the making Of floor rugs. etc. The
market value OF loose goat skins In about
i 81 apiece for well haired skins
Attempts are being made TO breed
| skunk. mink and sable by means OF
l ranches or farms adapted TO their habits;
and unless these plans are successful u
| Is claimed that these animals are doomed
| 20 extinction Another animal to be ex-
perimented upon IN captivity Is the chin
chIlla-
Norwich bulletin., 1916-03-23

live part of the year on the great num-
Der OF eggs and birds that swarm over
them IN i the nesting season son Tns ia
on the remains of the slaughtered seals
that were killed for their hides Thus.
IN great measure. the fox herd has been
respects dependent upon the sealing.
and during the closed season II SUI
fered considerably. Il Is believed that
sumed the fox packs may be Increased
materially.
Fur farming came about through the
scarcity OF the hrst-class fur-bearinR
animals. and the blue fox was the FIRST
animal to be scientifically reared in
this way. The results OF the first ex-
periments were a universal surprise.
the captive bred than have ever ben
caught in the remotest wilderness. The
reason for this IS that the fur Of the
ton in the winter time. when IL II the
| longest The wild animal frequently
spotls his beautiful coat by his thought
the sun does not hurt his fur. the
warmth OF his body melts the ice. which
speedily freezes again and incloses the
tips of~the longest OF his hairs When
behind But when these animals are
kept within the Enclosures provided for
1 them on the fur farms, IL IL said tina.
they do not thus lose their hairs
a
According 20 a recent bulletin issued
by the Department Of Agriculture. this
name '-siIver fox as ordinarily used By
furriers includes the dark phases OF tbs
ordinary red fox, called silver, silver
gray. silver black or black The mar.
ket value of the skins OF the various
Of the animal The beauty and scarcity
OF the animal The beauty and ecarcity
OF the silver fox have made II the mos
valuable OF fur animals
The silver fox was At first success
fully domesticated in 1884 on Primes
Edward Island In 1910 the pelts from
lranch-reared foxes brought higher
prices than those OF the Wild animals
the average boing over $500 each
| The rates for live animals for ths
stock farms scared into prohibitive fig
ures, but the European war hai
brought them down considerably. TIT
high values placed upon these animals
have resulted IN a close study Of then
In the different stages Of demonstration
which has disclosed facts OF great val
ue in fox farming.
Il A fox ranch should be situated wher'
IL will have good drainage and b.
shaded in part by trees Each pair o.
Norwich bulletin., 1916-03-23
THIS

WASHINGTON. D. G.


p S7 ow would you like to be such
Ill an exacting heusekeeper that
It'll you would wash your dishes
= = twice and rinse them in dis
h1led water; use glass cooking. uten-
Ills because they may be kept cleaner
han any others; measure all of the In
Eredients of your food 10 portion of
grain or gram. and keep q detailed
lccount Of all your cooking SO that
ron could tell without fail how many
ounces of heat or drops of water were
tut into Yesterdays beef honillon?
On the face Of IL this seems so both
rsorne that IL Is dihaenlt to believe
hat any one would possibly have the
patience to keep house in such way.
!et Miss Agnes Quirk of the Depart
nent of Agriculture follows q proceed
re of this kind every day in the pains
aking manner that it requires, and
kinks little about Its extraordinary
eatureE.
A. scientific housekeeper par excel
ence of the National Capital, Mics
luirk has charge. under DIR. Erwin r.
m1tth OF the eommissary department.,
6 tha laboratory cf plant 1atbeioxy,
Norwich bulletin., 1916-03-23

eral upheava1 of commerce and to con-
centrate the surplus of American furs
in the st. Louis market; then to en-
deavor to draw to it also the surplus
of Russian furs.
BY marketing the worlds supply of
furs in st. Louis, large attendance of
buyers from foreign countries will be
attracted, among them. undoubtedly.
the buyers from Leipzig. Russia will
be glad to have her furs sold here in a
neutral country, in order that they may
reach the attention of the worlds buy
ers, SO she may get the best price for
them. Such is the scheme.
The government, which Is constantly
working to enlarge the output, enhance
the value of the products and increase
the industries of the United States,
has grasped at this logical moment of
initely at st. Louis market for it's
own furs. Moreover, it has concluded
to see to 1t that all profit remains in
the country. To this end it has entered
Brothers & Co. of st. Louis, who
conducted the recent auction, to sell at
auction to all buyers who may come
It's production CO sealsi5ins for tho next
i've years.
A consideration of this contract is
that this company is to see that the
United States before selling them; and
this is to be done according to the best
method known to the fur trade. Hence
this firm has secured one of the few ex-
perts of the world on the dyeing and
| dressing of sealskins-which process,
by the way, is a secret at present,
known to but one man in this country
and brought over a skilled STAFF OF
workers from famous London estab-
| ltshnent, all ready to begin work as
| soon as the factory, now under con-
! struction, is completed.
This is done at this particular time in
order to prevent the deterioration OF
| about 5000 sealskins which the gov
| eminent now has in cold storage for
safe keeping.
Norwich bulletin., 1916-03-23

Concerning this new venture, to
which such Impetus has been given, DR..
Hugh M. Smith, director of the bureau
OF fisheries, said recently:
ut is but natural that the United
States should sell its own sealskins,
and dye and dress it's own furs. This
is something which 1t has never done.
Norwich bulletin., 1916-03-23

Both America and Russia, as the
greatest fur-prodncing countries OF the
Earth, have heretofore sent all of their
surplus furs 20 London to be sold at
luctfon; and Leipzig has been the prin-
dpal purchaser. After the war Is over
L is unlikely that Russia will care to
immediately resume the trading rela-
lions of the past, and the plan of this
government is to take advantage of
his Psychological moment in the gem
Norwich bulletin., 1916-03-23

n AERIcA is 20 lead the world in
M fursi Hencefnrth the United
~ States Is to dye, dress, and sell
her own seaaslxins, and with
In har own borders. A factory Is now
- built for this purpose in st.
Louis. Mo-, --s.- -
Der taÌˆgliche Demokrat. [volume] (Davenport, Iowa) 186?-1918, 1916-12-20

9ie SIT ermartell par, lit alld,
Don ENGLAND oas M1erbiete1 oes
mathematician gierblu1bes, in
Observation-Disclosures eintretel1
su 1pollen m abgemieIen NOR
ben.
Der taÌˆgliche Demokrat. [volume] (Davenport, Iowa) 186?-1918, 1916-12-20
@allitreet nno sic Stem gurfer pro-
alliirten Srsa1e iiber ben beutz.
idpn TrieoensDpridJlag.
i @aIlltreet beaeidnet

S1 @a1ltreet be5eibnet mon
3ertidlalOs 6riebensanerbieten OILS
II nper dpd M + c t.. mno
man filgt bin5u, 5rieoen inn gegen=
martigen Nl1genblid apiiroe e cine
&atat ropbe beoeuten. Sir
@allitreet u1b fir oie M1iirten.
9lltf ben gleid)en 5on limo oie Mlts=
laiil1rtgen Der bon @aaltreet unb Don
9on0u1 lbe~einfluBten Nem Dorfer
3eitungen g%eltinn1lt. Sos mabrbaft
itaatsrl1anl1ilde nno eminent menid-
lide gorgeben Geutldlanos unb iei=
r1er Gerbii1oetem bat Tie nm ben les=
ten biirftieel &elt ihres biBden Ser
ltanoes gebrodt. Sic i~d}inpfen mie
Die &eiielflider mno lprei5en ith tpie
elm Sdymarm falld)eroer Irlthdbne.
3abil1ter aber liebt mani oelltlid Sic
@l1tb, BOB es ser diplomatic Ser
Wittelmahte g%elllngen iii, Die Aai=
irte1 in cine lebr u%n6eqnen1e 3efenz
Iipe 5lt orangell, nt1o sic 81 l1~e it
bot Dem Ginornd, BEN Dos Mnerbie=
ten Ser Mittelmadte a11f bic 2oliir=
ten Golfer mad'el1 muB. 3rr Inter.
6altl1ng uno grheiterl1na lr1ierer Sc
Ter lollen mir bier einige t%eionbers
farafteriltiid)e Muslallllneen folgen.
Zines lit iider", idreibt Die gpe :
II / ng 9 I'm, uIeutidlaltb flebt Inn
Jrieoell. Sos tit cine biplonlatiihe
Ibatiade u1lO laBt iih nidt abltrei=
ten Die oeutIhen 9orid1age
bringen Sen Srieoen ntdt naber. Sic
lbiloen in 8irflidfeit einen Sdimpi
fir Die gbre Ser Maiirten u1D eii,er
Snllllt fir Die aeillnbe Gernllnft Ser
@elt. Sn aelpiiier Si1liitt biloen iie
aid cine @eleioiel1ng fin Die Megie=
rltl1a INTO bas &plf Ser Ser. Staate1.
TIMER 9ano reprdientirt bic nlenid)=
lide Nreiheit III Der gal15en @elt. lln=
lerer Heaierung 5u51lnlff1eL afs 81
%plomatildG Gerrnittler bei Ser Ser
iflapuna bes freien 1lilo tapferen ler.
bilGen Bottles 81 oiellen llllo 5l1 bel-
len, bieles @olf inter Die ltltpibe llrf
araulnme Sprannei 9eiterreids Al
%bringen lit cine S,Slnpertil1en5, oerer
mir lelblt Ben oeltlden geritano, oie.