davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The public ledger. [volume] (Maysville, Ky.) 1913-1968, 1916-12-30

In Police Court yesterday after
noon William Hoops was fined $3.50
for being drunk.
The Yale expositor., 1916-09-14
COW GREATEST PRODUCER
OF HUMAN FOOD

This is not profitable dairying. Yet
farmers cannot greatly increase dairy
production unless they apply the scales
and Babcock test TO their individual
cows and find out the cows that pay
for their feed and those which do not
The cooperative cow-testing associa-
ton enables all the dairy farmers of Il
community TO test all their cows. With
an average of % members the cost Of
such an association usually amounts
to 81 to $1.50 per COW per year.
Benefit Of the Cow Testing Assoeia-
ton.
According to Iowa bulletin No. 13
1850 yearly records from III different
dairy herds have been completed in the
five contrasting associations I'm Iowa
which have been organized in the state
since 1909.
The average COW in the testing asso-
Citations produced 217 pounds of butter
fat per year at a net profit of S32.77,
after paying for the feed at market
prices less the cost of hauling.
If the 100000 milk COWS of Iowa
produced as much butterfat per year
as the average COW in the cow-testing
associations, it would mean an In
creased production for the state Of
115,500,000 pounds of butterfat per
year, worth, at 80 cents per pound,
$34,65O,OOO.
The most profitable COW returned
her owner a net profit of $125, while
the poorest COW lacked $25.92 OF pay
ing for her feed.
The cow-testing association is the
best method of detecting the loafers in
the herd. 1t puts dairying on a bust
ness basis, arOuses the interest OF the
owner, his boys and hired man in the
cows, stirs up local pride by bringing
the people of the community together
to talk over their business and helps
to make farm work enjoyable and In
teresting.
Some people think that it is hard
job to milk cows and care for stock,
but we will find 1t just the opposite II
we will take an interest in the work
and get our heads In the game. All
work is drudgery unless we like it
put the best we have into IL, and use
intelligence. The COW has lifted many
mortgage and saved the home.
The Yale expositor., 1916-09-14
JUDICI0US SYSTEM
OF INTERCROPPING
Cultivated Orchard More Profit
able Than Neglected One
Filters Are Favored

A cultivated orchard is more prodr c.
tive and consequently more profitable
than the average orchard which Is neg
lected or in which grass or hay is
grown.
'In the young orchard a judicious
system of intercropping may be prac-
ticed without causing injury to the
trees and at the same time profitable
crops will be. produced in the waste
space between the rows" says f. s.
Merrill of the Kansas State Agricul-
tural college. sufficient space should
be left on each side OF the tree to per-
NIT thorough cultivation of the tree
rows. AS a general rule, the roots of
the tree extend beyond the outer ends
of the limbs. A strip may be left pro-
portionate In width TO the spread of
the branches.
zone of the most familiar types OF
intercropping can be found I'm planting
filters between the permanent trees,
and often between the rows. The peach
or some type of early maturing apple
can be used for this purpose. but in
most cases the grower will NOT remove
the filters until they have attained such
size as to have interfered with the
permanent trees"
The Yale expositor., 1916-09-14

work ed speedy transformation In the
market II placed Wisconsin, Illinois
and other states on the dairy map and
opened up the channels of export to
their cheese and butter. Later came
the cream separator, which was a great
factor In the development of the dairy
business. Since that time dairying has
been growing very rapidly.
Points for the Dalryman.
Any man to make success In the
dairy business should bear in mind
these points:
1. Strict regularity In feeding and
milking.
=. Good permanent pastures.
3. At least one silO for winter feed
ing and one with smaller capacity for
summer feeding.
4. Cows that will give at least 1000
pounds of milk or 200 pounds of butter
in Il year.
.. Plenty of roughage; and when
pastures fail some concentrates, as cot
tonseed meal and gluten feeds.
6. Pure water. High producing cows
liuSl vi MultI. II
is well said that 1t Is cheaper to warm
ice cold water with tank heater than
TO allow the cow to warm il with 30
cent corn. The water tank should be
in Il coy, sheltered, sunny place.
Z. Clean and well ventilated barns
and healthy cows. Dark, damp, steamy,
poorly ventilated barns are ideal places
for the development and spread of
tuberculosis. Remedy: /. Test the
cows with the tubercuin test. .. Cut
new windows and let in an abundance
of sunlight. 3. Provide proper ventila-
ton.
s. Quietness and kindness. Loud
talking swearing and rough handling
are not permitted in well-managed
dairy.
The average dairy COW of this coun-
try produces something like $500
pounds of milk in a year and approx
mately $50 To 160 pounds Of butterfat.
The Yale expositor., 1916-09-14
MUCH CATTLE FEED WASTED
Failure to Utilize Full Value Of Mate
rial Increases Cost Of Meat
Production.

A vast quantity Of feed available
for cattle is now either wasted abso-
lutely or put to some less profitable
use, according to n recent report OF
the department of agriculture. Fail
ure to utilize the full value of their
material has increased unnecessarily
the cost of producing meat, has d.
minished the profits from cattle feed
ing, and has discouraged many farm
ers from engaging in an industry es-
sential to their permanent prosperity.
According to this report, the loss I'm
grain, straw and corn slower amounts
to more than $1OO,OOO0OO annually.
Both of these products are disposed
of most economically when fed to
cattle In connection with some form Of
concentrated feed. Straw is especial
ly valuable In carrying the breeding
herd through the winter, in wintering
stockers and as supplementary
rOughage for fattening cattle. Slower,
too, is an excellent feed for wintering
cattle, especially mature breeding
cows. Nevertheless, in many sections
of the country where these products
are abundant, little attempt Is made
to take advantage of their value for
these purposes.
The Yale expositor., 1916-09-14

By g. T. SIMPSON. Missouri College ~
Agriculture)
''Use purebred sires," is the slogan
by workers at the Missouri college Gf
agriculture as a partial reply TO stock
mems questions as TO how they can
make profits on increasingly expensive
land, labor and stock and efficiency Of
the methods used must he correspond
ingly improved if the live stock indus
try is TO survive.
The slogan of the purebred sire is
being sounded by Dean +. 3. MumfOrd
and others of the agricultural expert
ment station and college in the field
and feed lot, from the chautauqua
platform and on farm to farm trips
through various counties.
For use in these campaigns a red
headed" poster bulletin has been print
ed. That head says in red type, use
Purebred Sires," and beneath this head
are brief statements of the careful
tests of the experiment station and
the common experience of Missouri
farmers which agree absolutely on this
point. The station got much bigger
profits by using fair purebred NUT
ton ram such as any farm sheep-raiser
could afford instead of q scrub ram.
They were used on western ewes
which were equally good so far as the
best judges could tell. From such
eve the fairly good purebred mutton
ram got good lamb which weighed
80 pounds and sold for S7.35 when
three months old, but the scrub ram
got from n similar eve n poor lamb
which weighed SO pounds and sold for
$3.50 when four months old. Fletcher
Smart of Harrisonville, Mo-, used
good purebred boar on some average
sows and got GO good pigs which
The Yale expositor., 1916-09-14
REMEDIES FOR LICE ON HOGS
Nebraska College of Agriculture Says
Crude Oil Probably Cheapest and =,
Most Effective. =

or the remedies commonly used for
lice on hogs, the Nebraska college of
agriculture says that crude oil Is prob
ably the cheapest and the most effec-
tive, as it kills not only the lice, but
the nits as well at one application.
The most convenient method of apply
ing is by means of a hog oller. of
which there are several good types.
These have the advantage of being
always ready and need little attention
except keeping oil supplied. The best
type Of oiler is one that enables the
pig to get the oil to all parts of the
body. If there is any Indication of
skin disease, the part should be
scrubbed with broom or brush so as
to get the oil well into the skin. Where
crude oil is used, 1t will be noticed that
the skin and hair are improved in APP
pearance. Where the floors Of the pens
or sheds are of dirt, liberal appli.
cation of oil will keep down the dust
as well as aid In killing lice.
The Yale expositor., 1916-09-14
COVERED TOP MILK
PAIL RECON- M EN- DED
Many Farmers Have Never
Thought of Real Advantages
of That Kind.

(By c. A. BURNS, Dairy Department
Oklahoma A. and M. College, Still
water)
Those who are not accustomed to
using a covered top milk pail have
probably never stopped to think Of
what real advantage such a pail may
be in the production OF clean milk.
BY a covered top pail is meant a milk
pail so constructed that it has only
small opening In the top, the rest Of
the top being covered with metal Of
which the pail is made.
The object of such pail is that of
preventing dirt and hair from falling
into the milk. As the old saying goes,
IAN ounce Of prevention is worth a
pound of cure" This is surely one
place where the saying holds true.
Dirt and hair mean bacteria in the
milk. and bacteria cannot be strained
or filtered out. Bacteria are always
more or less injurious to the quality
of the milk and to all milk products.
This means a lower price for the milk,
and eventually a lower price for the
milk products. But this is not all.
Dirty, bacteria-laden milk products
oftentimes are quite injurious to
health, and especially the health of
children.
OF course a great deal depends upon
the mixer as 20 whether or not the
milk is clean or dirty, but under aver
age conditions, other factors being
similar. a covered milk pail with an
opening six inches IN diameter Sands
only one chance in four Of catching a
hair or other foreign material that a
pail II inches I'm diameter would. In
other words. a pail with six-inch
diameter will catch only about one
fourth as much dirt and bair as a pail
With 12-lnch diameter
The Yale expositor., 1916-09-14
KEEP CAREFUL TAB ON FLOCK
Observation Of Droppings Will Prove
Of Observation-Disclosures condi-
ton Of Health.

1t does not need a careful handling
and examination OF each fowl during
the week to keep tab on your flock as
TO condition of health. The droppings
will convey TO you much IL watched
each day. II you are feeding your
fowls too much meat, the chances are
the droppings will show traces of
blood. Cut out the meat for a while
If the above is noticed. If the drop
pings are not shaped up and of whit
ish or watery condition, the mashes
are likely to be too wet. Better make
the mashes dry for while. If the
excrement is yellow or light green, of
soft watery nature, lock out for chol-
era, or bowel troubles approaching
that stage.
The Yale expositor., 1916-09-14

gether One-half of the complete car
cass, and Is not ir any sense an esti-
nation of the composition of the car
cass.
Princess Carlotta produced proteins
sufficient for more than three steers /;
nearly fat enough for two; ash enough
to build the skeletons for three, and
in addition, 920 pounds of milk sugar
worth as much per pound for food as
ordinary sugar.
1t is because of this economical use
of food that the dairy COW and not the
steer is kept on high-priced land. When
land is cheap and feed abundant the
meat-producing animals predominant,
but when the land becomes high in
value and feed expensive the farmer
turns TO the dairy COW.
Duchess Skylark Ormsby Is the
worlds champion butter producer. The
results of her 365-cOnsecutive-d
test, conducted by the Minnesota Agri-
cultural college, shows that she pro-
duced 27,761 pounds of milk, nearly IA
tons, or over % times her own weight.
The butterfat contained in this years
milk yield weighed 1,205 pounds.
At 81 cents pound, she produced
about $500 worth OF commercial butter
in one year. To her credit of $500
worth of butter must he added over
10000 pounds Of skim milk and butter
milk, about IA tons OF manure. and a
calf, which pay for her feed and care,
making the $500 a net profit TO the
owner.
Dairy Products Second in Value to the
Corn Crop.
There are about 22,0OO0O0 dairy
cows in the United States. and the an
nual value of their products reaches
The Yale expositor., 1916-09-14
FIGHT AGAINST WEEDS
Constant Losses Call for vigor-
Gus Crusade by Farmers.
To Rid Country Of Noxious Plants
Would Put Agriculture Forward
Almost Inealcu! ly-Simple
Methods Effective.

The fact that farmers are crying for
relief from the weed pest, and that
the government is trying to aid them,
Is one OF the encouraging signs OF the
day. To rid the country Of weeds
would put agriculture forward almost
intellectually.
An enormous amount OF labor is in
Volved every year In the determination
of weeds. Not only are these weeds
troublesome to cultivated agricultural
crops. but they are troublesome in
meadows and pastures. The cOrnfields
and cultivated crops generally must
be kept clean if crop is to be pro-
duced. OF course, the farmer would
want to till his soil whether weeds
occurred or not. A soil that is not cul-
tivated would not produce a remuner-
alive crop. But the weeds have come
TO stay, and the farmer must till the
soil to keep the weeds In subjectit n.
Persistence by simple methods will
be more effective than spasmodic eff
forts and oftentimes more expensive
The Yale expositor., 1916-09-14
CLOVER AND ALFALFA BL0AT
Trouble Is Due to Fermentation Of
Sugar Contained in Blossoms
FormaIln Is Favored.
(By DIR. c. c. LIPP)


According to circular 3 of the Rem
lucky experiment station, ii has been
found that the cause of blOat in cat
tie following the eating of either
clover or alfalfa pasture Is due to the
fermentation of the sugar contained
In the blossoms. Red clover blossoms
contain about 3.6 per cent sugar, al
falfa blossoms 2.S per cent. Soon aft
er being eaten, fermentation begins,
resulting in the production of a consid-
cradle quantity Of carbon dioxide. This
distends the first stomach or rumen
and produces the condition known as
bloat.
The authors Of the Kentucky bulle-
tin strongly recommend the use Of
formalin for this condition. One quart
OF 1 II per cent solution is given as a
drench. This IA per cent solution is
made by adding three tablespOonfuls OF
formalin TO one quart of water. Gentle
exercises should be given the animal
if possible after the medicine has been
given. This treatment is simple safe,
and inexpensive, and should be kept
on hand so that II may be used on
moments notice should necessity re-
quire.
The Yale expositor., 1916-09-14
cow IS GREATEST PRODUCER

1t is truly said that the COW is mans
greatest benefactOr. Hail, wind,
droughts and floods may come, destroy
our crops and Danish our hopes, but,
from what is left, the COW manufac-
lures the most nourishing and life-sus-
tanning foods.
For 1000 years she has shown her
allegiance to man, sharing alike in his
prosperity and adversely. responding
TO all that was done for her, until
through her development she has be-
come indispensable as an economic fac
tor in our national progress.
Dairy communities are rich COM
munities. The COW produces the most
and best food at the least cost; she
brings in n steady income; she con-
verts cheap roughage into profit ;
makes the farm worth more; builds
big red barns and good homes means
living on the farm.
Cow Makes Farm Worth More.
There is always an air of perma-
hence and prosperity about a well-man-
aged dairy farm.
A man feels Independent when ne
knows his income is steady. The dairy
business is cash business. 1t calls
for intellectual activity. The success
of the man engaged in it depends upon
his using his head, developing his judg-
ment.
Dairying builds up the farm. 1t re-
quires fewer acres to produce a good
living. and consequently leads to closer
neighbors and more thickly-settled
communities.
AS land labor and feed increase in
The Yale expositor., 1916-09-14

the enormous sum of nearly 81 900 OOO.-
600. Only the corn crop exceeds the
dairy products as source of income
to the farmers of the nation.
Neither the production of butter nor
cheese has kept up with the increase of
population. In 1910 there were 90
G25,0O0 dairy cows in the United
States, an increase of about 1900. 600
head In 80 years. This wonderful
growth in dairying and cheese manu-
featuring has added enormously to the
material wealth of every community
and state where these pursuits are car
ried on. 1t has also been a wonderful
aid wherever it has been conducted M
telligently in conserving the fertility
Of the soil. This one great advantage
to the wealth of the nation can hardly
be computed in dollars and cents.
In 1870 practically all of the butter
and nearly all of the cheese. EXCEPT I'm
the older states as New York and Ohio.
were made on the farm. The average
price of farm butter was about 10 cents
and nearly all of il was sold or traded
for dry goods and groceries at the
country stores. The export market for
cheese governed the price in New York
and Ohio, which practically were the
The Yale expositor., 1916-09-14

price, the COW will more and more dis
place the strictly meat-producing farm
animals. She produces human food
with greater economy than does the
steer, sheep or pig. The United States
census for 1910 shows an increase of
about 20 per cent in dairy stock while
the total number of all cattle has de-
creased
at is interesting to learn that Lady
Oak, a Holstein COW, now owned by
the Minnesota experiment station, in
one day produced in her milk an
amount of human food equal to a calf
weighing 115 pounds. In years rec
ord this cow produced 993 pounds OF
fat, 63l pounds of protein and 1862
pounds of carbohydrates. This product
was equal to 266 calves weighing 125
pounds each, or 142 calves weighing
200 pounds each, % yearlings weighing
900 pounds each, or steers weighing
LOO pounds each. These figures indl-
cate the wonderful efficiency of the
dairy animal as an economical pro-
Queer of human food"
Princess Carlotta, a cow owned by
the dairy department of the University
Of Missouri, in one year produced more
human food in her milk than is con-
tanned in the complete carcasses of
four steers weighing $50 pounds each.
This statement, impossible as it seems,
is not only true, but does not even do
full Justice to the COW. The solids In
The milk, which are completely digesti-
BILE, are counted against the entire car
cass of the steer, only part of which is
edible.
The total amount Of dry matter in
the milk was 2,21S pounds, all Of which
is edible and digestible.
The steer, with live weight OF $50
pounds, contained SO per cent of water
I'm the carcass, leaving a total Of 54S
pounds of dry matter. In this dry mat
ter OF the steer is included hair and
hide, bones and tendOns, organs OF d.
gestion and respiration, In fact, the en-
tire animal, a considerable portion Of
which is not edible. The analysis of
the steers carcass was made from
samples taken after grinding up to-
The Yale expositor., 1916-09-14

processes. While direct methods may
often be effective, the most successful
will be those having To do with the
conditions of agriculture and the meth
DDS of tillage and increase the pro-
ductiveness of the soil.
Weeds grow where they can find
room to grow. Some crops then per-
NIT certain weeds TO grow with them,
while another weed may find congen-
ial conditions with another crop. Thus
cookie and cheat have grown with
wheat perhaps as long as wheat has
been cultivated.
Purslane and pigweeds are always
found in gardens, thistles and mullelns
in pastures, whitetop In meadows.
If the pea vine, horse nettle, crab
grass, foxtail, ragweed, etc, become
serious in the cornfield, SOW II down
to grass, one crop In the rotation de-
strOyin, these weeds gaining a foot
hold with the preceding crop. Thor
ough cropping of the land and judi
cious systematic rotation of the crops,
are conditions against which no weeds
can stand; and, inaSmuch as these are
all vital conditions of successful agri-
culture, it may be said that weeds are
never serious when the land is well
farmed.
Purslane was cultivated for green's
in Massachusetts and later taken to
Michigan, where IL was grown for the
sisne purpose. Wild carrot, morning
glory, poppy and others have escaped
The Yale expositor., 1916-09-14
CARE OF CREAM IN SUMMER
Cleanliness Is First Rule to Observe
Dirty Surroundings Result in
Poor Milk

During the hot days of summer the
farmer who is selling cream to the
creamery finds 1t a problem to keep
his cream In the proper condition.
However. there are but a few simple
rules which should be followed that
would result in better cream. First
OF all these is cleanliness Dirt. re-
member carries bad flsvors. II the
barn or It's surroundings and cows
are dirty Il will result in poor milk;
poor milk results in poor cream; poor
cream results in poor butter.
The Yale expositor., 1916-09-14

dens and In many cases have become
serious pests.
Black mustard Is tall, coarse,
much-branched annual, two to FIVE
feet high; leaves varlously divided, or
only deeply cut, the terminal lobe the
largest, sharply tootked. The upper
leaves small, simple, as rule linear
Leaves generally not smooth, but
somewhat bristly, at least on the
veins. Flowers yellow, smaller than
in charlock. Pods smooth, about one
half inch long. four-cornered. tipped
with slender beak. Seeds black or
reddlsh-brown, smaller than charlock.
The Yale expositor., 1916-09-14
WEIGH MILK FROM EACH cow
Total Amount Of Butter Fat Produced
During Year That Dairymen Gets
Paid For.

All dairymen should weigh the milk
of each COW at each milking and test
for butter fat at certain set intervals.
II Is the total amount of fat produced
during a year. not the average per
cent fat the milk tests, that the dairy.
man gets paid for
The Yale expositor., 1916-09-14
AMPLE SHADE FOR HOGHOUSE
Easy to Arrange Attachment to Afford
Shelter for Animals Running in
Treeless Lot. ~,

On any of the portable shed-roof
hoghOuses that are now In common use
it is easy to arrange an attachment to
give outdoor shade for the hogs that
may be running in a treeless lot or
pasture. BY arranging the supporting
The Yale expositor., 1916-09-14

market at eight months.
Purebred Sire Means:
]. Uniformity.
2. Individual superiority.
Z Early maturity.
4. More marketable stock.
3. More money for your feed.
6. Credit TO the owner.
I. Bigger profits.
Scrub Sire Means:
i. Lack Of uniformity.
.. Mongrels and insists.
3. Late maturity.
4. Poor market demand.
s. Less money for your feed
8. Discredit 10 the owner
Z. Loss and dissatisfaction.
These are some of the facts indlcat-
ed by the poster which explains why
survey Of the live stock producers
shows that those who are producing
the good stock are the ones who stay
in business when so many others ara
dropping out.
From the breeding standpoint the
important steps are % the use OF
tried purebred sires, (2) proper feed
ing of breeding animals, (3) careful
culling of barren and poor-breedlng
females, and (4) replacing culls with
the best females In each seasons pro-
duce.
Since IL costs little or no more
profits TO produce an eight-cent steer
than II does TO produce IA fve-cent
steer, the profits to be derived from
producing live stock on corn belt farms
is limited by the quality OF the ami
mails. Good sires must be secured and
the herd must be carefully culled.
Last but not least, the marketing
problem must be carefully handled.
Cooperation with neighbors is often
essential If purchases and sales are
to be made TO the best advantage.
The Yale expositor., 1916-09-14
Benefit Of Fall PIowlnn-

Wheat on early fall blowing yielded
five and four-fifths bushels more per
acre than wheat on late fall blowing
at the Edgeley substation, North Da.
kOta
The Yale expositor., 1916-09-14

timber along the ends Of the house,
as shown in the illustration, the shade
may be easily put in place. This
shade attachment is separate from the
house itself and may be easily moved.