Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1916-07-31

over the submarine warfare which
threatened more than once Il rupture
Of relations and even war.
The sinking by a submarine with
out warning Of The White Star liner
Arabic. with the loss of two American
lives. created a profound impression
in the United States. Germany sent
a note to Washington in September
pleading elf-defense and offering TO
refer the question of compensation TO
The Hague but this was regarded
with disappointment by the Washing
ton government and the situation be-
came very tense In October Ger
many disaVoWed and regretted the
sinking of the Arabic.
Five months later the French
steamship Sussex was torpedoed
without warning while carrying more
than 300 passengers, including
number of Americans, across the
English Channel About fifty persons
We're killed and this incident brought
the submarine situation to an acute
stage. Germany at first disclaimcd
responsibility for the attack on the
Sussex but the evidence accumulated
by the United States appeared 50
overwhelming that President Wilson
on April Is dispatched TO Germany
note which was virtually an ultima
tum, and on the following day per
sonally appeared before congress am
laid the entire roblem before that
body On May 10 Germany admitted
the submarine attack on the Sussex
and promised that no more liners
would be sunk without warning and
without ample opportunity for the es
cane Of crews and passengers. These
fis-f4 g.f.g
By the president and the war cloud
lifted. Since that time a larbe num-
Der of ships have been sunk by Ger
man and Austrian submarines but the
rules Of international law have been
generally observed.
Another cause Of friction between the
United States and the central powers
was also removed during the year.
| Since the outbreak OF the war certain
propagapdists had been busy instigat-
| ing strikes in munitiuu factories which
had contracts with the allies and in
! endeavoring in other ways TO interfere
with this trade. For his activity in
this respect the recall of DR.. Constantin
Dumba. Austrian ambassador, was re-
i quested by President Wilson in Sep
| TENDER. The following December, for
| similar reasons, the president requested
| he recall Of Captain Boyd and Cap
| tain Won Papen, naval and military at
! taches respectively to the German en-
| bassy. A number of convictions were
obtained in the criminal courts in other
| cases and the propaganda ceased.
| Apart from events in the actual war
! theaters the most striking event of the
year in connection with the conflict
was an uprising in Ireland in April.
| The outbreak was organized by a So
ciety known as the Sim Fem, commit
ted to the principle of an Independent
| Ireland. Bloody fighting took place in
Dublin in which hundreds of lives were
| lost and the heart of the business sec
ton destroyed. at a cost Of many mil
lions of dollars. The fighting was spor-
| adic elsewhere in the islands and of
| minor importance. The revolt was
finally crushed and the ringleaders eX-
| ecuted 1t led however to an agitation
| which resulted in the government pre-
| pairing a temporary home rule bill
| which it expects to pass through par
lament this fall.
Just before the outbreak of the re
bellion Sir Roger Easement, formerly
in the British consular service, was
arrested on the west coast of Ireland
| where he had attempted to land a
cargo of arms sent from Germany. He
was tried later for high treason and
sentenced to death.
No definite figures can be given OF
the cost of the great war in blood and
gold but the most reliable estimates
present figures so vast that they be-
come practically meaningless. In
| March, 1916, the United States genera
army staff estimated that the tota
| losses in men to all the belligerentS
since the war began were 1898, 900
, Exact figures for ans country are UNI
available.
AS to the money question figures are
more reliable but still vague. They
present sums which are SO beyonC
anything previously known to inter
national finance, SO impossible of any
human comparison that they become
little more than a tumble of figures
IN Marcn, DR. Karl HelfeIrich. secre
tary of the imperial treasury of Ger.
! many, estimated that the war was cost
ing all the combatants 1915, 100000
week or eleven and half billion dol
lars a year. William Michaelis, an
other German financial expert, put tn
yearly cost at the vaster sum of fifteei
billions and other financial authorize
: gave even higher figures.
| on July II, Reginald McKenna, Brit
ish chancellor of the eXchequer, state'
in the house of commons that the eX
penultuTeS LOT NTedt bflldln alone Wer
$50, 900, 900 daily. He did not say how
!, | ever how much of this incredible sur
! represented war expense.
Within the last few months there ha
| been some talk of peace in German
and considerable peace activity by un
official bodies in various countries, bu
/, | there has been little indication tina
! the chancelleries of Europe are at pres
. ent considering a close of hostilites
----o----------
PRUSSIA WILL FIGHT BRITAIN
. The Baltic is like the Black Sea,
= double locked area, controlled by il
ner and outer doors. the one at IL
= Dardanelles and Gibralter the otht
= at the Danish Straits and the Engls
= Channel. Curiously enough it is IL
" same great power (Rrssial. in eith'
= case that is thus doGbly locked i
y and to complete the analogy, the san
- great power CEngland) in each ca
i, holds the outer key.