davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Detroit times., 1916-08-31
EstimatOrs Not Dis
posed To Give Up
Without Struggle
NEARLY ALL ARE
RE-NOMINATED
III. III. Dickinson Leads
List Of EstimatOrs-
at-Large


Nominees for the deiunct board OF
estimates may not give up without
legal fGht The body 10 which
they seek membership has been
abolished by charter amendment
adopted in the Tue sday primary. but
the men nominated for the board
while II was being wiped out. may
contend that they must be allowed
to 20 on the ballot In November and
serve out their terms
Corporation Counsel Dingeman
says the choice of estimators is now
futile a. the board is legally abol.
ished
With practically all returns in. n.
II. Dickinson got the most votes for
estimator-at largo. He has 20.265
Edward + Nichols comes next with
1888, and Mark a Gardner third.
with 1926 Standish Backus is a
close fourth with only II votes less
than Gardner and The last OF the
five estimators.atlarge Is Milton r.
Palmer, with vote OF 1855.
iIaeta- and Gardner were esiima.
torsatlarge on the present board.
and Nichols was its president Pal.
mer was q Fourth ward estimator
Abolition OF the board OF esti-
mates occasioned no surprise Even
the members forcsaw the end. for
only half of them attended recent
meeting called 10 protest against
abolition ~ the board and to herald
its merits
Following are tho successful can
didates for estimator in the wards
First ward Edward n Ho man and
j. w Richardson. Second ward.
Melvin J.. Burdick and Louis !.
Hoffman Third ward. Harry Ber-
man and Richard II. Kramer: Fourth
ward. J. a. Bossbach, (no other can
didatel Fifth ward, Samuel Pereira
and f Fred Thornton: Sixth ward.
Peter A. Sidebottor and Edward 4.
Sweeney. Seventh ward. Hugh Red.
den and Charles i Marker: Eighth
ward. James Purdie and Thomas /.
Ross. Ninth ward Edward J. Fa.
her and Albert Klebba. Tenth ward.
James Buchanan and Howard J.
Smith: Eleventh ward. William
Gitschlag and Henry G. Schwartz:
Twelfth ward. - l.. Brown and
Thomas L. Dodge: Thirteenth ward.
Robert T. Hintz and Edward Y
Kruger, Fourteenth ward. T.. H.
Brow and Frederick Strick: FIT
teenth ward. Fred l.. Parrish and
John Schaffer; sixteenth ward,
George Burkop and G. NJ Shafer
Seventeenth ward Robert Sand and
Andrew r.. Wetmore. Eighteenth
ward. Fred G Ackley and George A
Wheeler Nineteenth ward, Henry
Husoman and William Walter
Twentieth ward. Milton n. Larter
and Herman Murrer. Twenty first
ward, r. A. Kempt and Peter Mat.
zen.
The Detroit times., 1916-08-31
Won WALDEN To
STAY IN FRISCO
Local Authorities Will Take No
Steps TO Bring Back
Escaped Convict

According TO Detective Inspector
Edward Fox, the local police prob
q bly, viii take no steps 10 secure the
return TO Michigan Of Edwin Won
Walden, tho "Metropole hotel ban.
dit" whose arrest in San francisco.
Cal. Wednesday, added another
chapter 10 his sense ionll career OF
crime, during which he has kept
the police departments Of several
cities busy, following his first es.
capadc in this city
His attempt 10 purloin $4,000
from the Anglo-California bank of
the Pacific coast metropolis WAS sim.
liar in many respects 10 The Metro
pole hotel robbery in 1914 when. AT
the point OF revolver be held up
W n. Burns, clerk IT. tho hotel,
securing $352.2), then, fourishing
his weapon forced a taXi-cab chauf
fer 10 drive him 70 the east end OF
the city Trace or hiu was lost
by The police until his arrest later
in DAYTON, O.. for taking part in a
shooting affrav,
Ne was brought 10 Detroit and
sentenced 10 10 years In Ionia re-.
fcrmatory. In July 1915, he escaped
from that instit Ition and had not
been heard OF until his arrest in
San Francisco.
The local police believe that his
very probable conviction for Wed
nesday's San Francisco affair will
keep him in jail for number OF
gears II is possible, however. that
the warden OF lona refornatory
may take some steps tow ard having
the youthful bandit returned 10 this
state.
The Detroit times., 1916-08-31

The first grc'jo of Cur Lady Of
Loudcs erected in Canada was ded-
ica,ed al St Mays academy, Wind
sor. Wednesday morning The Rev.
unan Downey pastor of -. AL
phonsus' church, wa celeErant with
the Rev. Dennis C'Connor of Lon
don, IN attendance. Many OF the
windsor clergy were pres cnt The
grcfto. which was built al cost Of
Si.0un. will be used as a chapel in
warm weather. l. is constructed Of
stone and contains group Of
statues and a scene describing a
vision Of the Blessed Virgin. Only
one other Erotto in America has
been dedicated TO our Lady OF
,uurdcs and that is at La Grange,
III
Priutiug-tbe plain neat kind-thnt
- right-Timrs Job pcpt.-Nnin 1870
The Detroit times., 1916-08-31

LONDON. Aug 49, Prospects OF
victory for the allies increase two.
fold by declaration Of war by Ru-
mania against the central powers.
Such action means:
Am army OF $4,000, with an
additional 900, 900 availables. viii be-
added to the forces OF the allies
THE barrier of $1,000 square
miles that has kept the Russians
from invading Austria Hungary by
an easier route than through the
Carpathians is down.
3-There is another possibility OF
invasion by the allies from the
south into Austria.Hungary
4-The central powers are entire.
ly surrounded by enemies, except
for the short Dutch boundary.
Rumania's action is regarded
an added argument for the inter.
The Detroit times., 1916-08-31
City News in Brief

Capt Alexander Cunniss. wseeH1n9
master for the Great Lakes TovSomm
Co, made an examination WednoG~
day or the steamer Topeka. whieh'
was sunk In the Detroit river ONE =
site Sandwich on the morning Of
Aug. Is, In collision with the
steamer Christopher. The inapec-
ton was made for the Lake Shore
steamship Co. which In soliciting
bids for the removal OF the boat
Although not a member 90 tAs -
lice department. ID. A. GilIespSo.
brother OF Police Commfssioner
John Gillespie. showed some OF the
instincts Of a cop" WEDNESDAY
when he stopped a team OF rum
away horses. later taking the In
Jured driver TO the city Hospitals II
his machine, The team. drawing :
wagon owned BY the APPEL Coal Co.
driven by John Bale. 22 years old.
was passing Clark and Michigan-
ayes. Wednesday evening. when the
animals, becoming frightened, sud
denly bottled. Bale was thrown ID
the street. Gillespie. passing IN
his car. leaped from the machine.
brought the running horses TO .
stop. then carried Bale To the hos
pital in his auto. Bale suffered
severe injuries on the neck. arms
and legs.
The Detroit times., 1916-08-31

ycntion Of Greece on the side OF the
allies
by Rumania's action, the allies
viii add 500 cannons and 200 ma
chine guns 30 their equipment.
The country- regular permanent
standing army. consisting Of 5000
officers. 1000 military students and
100000 troops with 25.og0 horses.
has already been modified on Hun
garian and Bulgarian borders These
Rumania can put Immediately into
the war.
Although Rumania borders the
Black sea. where Russian and Turk
ish nayies are proving, the country
has no navy 70 speak Of The Rus
sian navy, therefore. will have to
guard NOT only its own coast but
that Of Bumania
What kept Rumania neutral al
most three year, was the opposing
The Detroit times., 1916-08-31
Crops and Horses Burned.

ADRIAN. Mich. Aug. 31.-Three
large barns, sheds, the seasons
crops. four horses and tools were
included in a Are loss on the farm
of Charles Wilson. near Upton.
Mich, late Wednesday afternoon.
Wilson was badly burned attempt
ing TO rescue his horses. The cause
of the fire is unknown. Volunteers
succeeded in saving the house.
The Detroit times., 1916-08-31
MANY ATTEND
FIRST DAY OF
WINDSOR FAIR

a record first day attendance was
registered at the 9th annual exhibit
ton OF the Windsor and North rs
sex Agricultural association At the
plant Of tho Windsor Jockey club
I. was opened by Rober' Rogers,
Canada's minister OF marine and
fisheries. Nayor Marx. Of Detroit
also assisted ia the opening cere.
monies. Mr Rogers called atten.
zion to the fact that the government
was ready al any time 10 adopt q
uol IRE thar would provide the 500.
coo men PROMISED 10 the mother
land
PrIntIng-the plaIn neRt kInd-th ~
The Detroit times., 1916-08-31
Harry Wolf. n newly married farmer
Of FnrmIngton MIch.. WIS mnk In q

reservation at Buffalo, Wednes-
day. for q return trip to Detroit.
when detective. thinking he was
ticket 70 NIAGARA Fails tried 10 ar
rcst him. Wolf believed the man
was pickpocket and threw him to
tho ground and gave him n beating
before police officers could pull
them apart. He explained the mat
ter at the police station, shook
hands with the detective and was
released Wolf and wife returned
home Thursday.
The Detroit times., 1916-08-31
Edward Craig, IL years old. No. 23s
~. AuhIn-aNe.. mn empIoNe Of the

ItIfoIt Boat dub. II heTIeVed 10
have been drowned while swimming
near a boathouse. Tuesday evening.
According 70 Charles Ellis. another
employe of the boat club. who was
FwimminR at the time. Craig dis
appeared without any warning.
Harbormaster King began drag
ging for the body Thursday morn
Ing
The Detroit times., 1916-08-31

PrtnttnR-the plain neat kind-that
Ia right--Times lob Dept.-Main <53o.
The Detroit times., 1916-08-31
Mrs. Frances r.. burns, great com
nlnnher OF the Mnccnhces. VII hnId

school Of instruction saturday.
sept 2, at 10 o'clock a. m. at No.
IS Grand River-ave. Mrs. Burns
viii be assisted by all the COM
menders Of the city and the new
ritual viii be eNemplifed by n
picked team. Questions OF import
ance are to he discussed. The meet
Ing Is open 10 all members Of the
order.
The Detroit times., 1916-08-31

PrintinE--the platn neat kind--thNt
~ riGht--Tinc~ job Dept.-MnIn 4S:0
The Detroit times., 1916-08-31
Rufus u. mn, No. 225 RoweBa-st.. Is
nnhI0ms 20 Ienrn the Mhsrea BIO ut q

OF hts son. Anthony !. Hili. coll
ored. last seen on sunday evening.
about 30 y. m. lie wore gray
suit The boy IA 5 years old. four
feet II inches In height and weighs
about 1875 pounds
The Detroit times., 1916-08-31

dovn-bound with ore. struck on
Harsen Island in the st. clair
river during a heavy fog Wednes-
day morning. The tug Michigan
and lighter Michigan 81 the Great
Lakes Towing Co. went to her as
stgtance
The Detroit times., 1916-08-31

ave. car and motor truck he was
driving AZ EliZab beth and Hastings
SITS, Wednesday night. Harry Perl
man, rs years nld. No. 35e Hast
ings-st was thrown from his seat
10 the pavement. He was taken "a
the city hospital suffering from In
ternal injuries
The Detroit times., 1916-08-31
Ethel brown: >esre... :. year. Old

Ethel brown, Negroes. "a years Old,
living az No. ~ West Jenerson-
ave was arrested Thursday morn
Ing. charged with stealing s52 from
railroad man. She denied the
charge. but the money rolled out
OF her stocking when she Jumped
over a box IN police headquarters
Members OF the Studebaker club viii
hold their third outing OF the sum
NOR. Friday evening. when moon
tight excursion will be taken 10
sugar sland on the steamer city or
Toledo There will he dancing and
music on the boat as well as on
the island
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-09-13
BLOW ON HEAD FATAL
'i"rcUciI Nan Dies Following Quarrel
in Hotel Over u
Woman.
Special to The Times

Especial TO The Times Dispatch.
IicnEW ELL. VA. September Io-
The iiopewcil Police Department Is in.
TeStisating the death Of * ". Curlce
VINO di"l here to-day as The result Of
q cloi on the brain. caused II is saM
py blow. Curlce, s. is stated had {;
quarrel over woman with william
Terry last night In 4 hotel on Railroad
avenue, during which he was str.cl;
on The head with a pistol. according 10
the police
No report Of the matter WIS made 20
The police last night. ana Curloe went,
20 bed This morning he VAS found
unconscious and Was taken 70 the nos.
p!tai where AZ operation was ucr-
formed, but ne died half an houi later
Tory was arrested this afternoon and
taken to the Hcnrico jail pending the
rcsEit OF the Investigation A. y Tad
ry also Is being helr
Terri came % IIo..w.ll about ,wo
weeks ago Curlce, { IS said. was an
ploycd ~ tn" Du ront plant.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-09-13

The newly organized Board of der
men, with William koeng ~ resi-
dent, held its FIRST business u -,iug
last night. Routine matters CON. ned
most of the time The boarU on
CURED in all matters sent up from the
Council, including appropriations for
tho payment OF all accounts from tn.
departments and for certain street I'M
provements. Concurrence was voted
i'm appropriations OF 1860 10 the SAL
walton Army. 5000 for an expert to
audit tho city books, $500 20 cover eX-
peuse in presenting the city's claims
FOR the government armor plant $500
10 have the sinking fund audited, etc.
Concurrence also was voted In =
resolution for the appointment OF a
joint committee 70 co.fer with the
school board on the selection OF sites
for the new colored public schools. Y
resolution WAS adopted iudorsing the
application for Federal aid in COM
plcting the Petersburg Hopcwell high
way
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-09-13
RACE FROM WEDDING
Three ChnuTcurs Reported Tor speed
ing with Bridui Part! On
Why tn Station.

\ race from a wedding YESTERDAY
morning resulted in the reporting o'
three automobile drivers on charscs
OF speeding. and almost caused the
bridal party to miss their train NJ the
Main street Station
|. Those reported were Charles NC
Aulcy. 500 North Twcuty-ffth street.
driving private machine. and James
Whitlow, SIS West Clay street. and
Q. Wright, 7lo East Marshall street
who are chauffeurs for 4 local for
hire" concern. The police would not
disclose the names OF the bridal party,
holding them innocent of RESPONSE
bility.
Policemen Holt and Waller were
driving down Grace street in police
car when the three machines dashed
by them. They At once increased thor
speed and gave chase. but the speed Of
the other cars prevented them catch
ing up until within a few blocts Of
the station The three chauCfeurs are
said 70 have been making. thtrty-tour
milSs an hour down Grace and Main
Streets
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-09-13
MANY PRIZES OFFERED
Annual ENhibition az Shenandoah Npl-
ley Agricultural society IL
Opened Formally.
Especial to The Times-pispatch.

k~NttltI TO 1 he l'l!tS- us iN1lNl.
WINCHESTER. VA. September la.-
The forty seventh annual exhibition Of
the Shenandoah Valley Agricultural
Society was opened formally this morn
ing on the Winchester Fair Grounds
With practically every inch OF exhibit
tHg space filed with exhibits and with
many FORMS OF amusement.
In addition 20 the regular premiums
III the various departments. great
mary specia! prizes including more
than q score of silver cups. have been
offered by business mon here and else
where. The tracing program is the
most elaborate ever arranged for the
local fair. Il includes eight trottinE
and pacing events. four running races,
several pony and mule races. the
purses amounting 20 more than $4,000
Handsome prizes are offered in motor
cycle contests
Tom Cannon. thu veteran Washing
TON tUr!T2u. who is the racing secre-
tary. arrived several DAYS ago, bring
ing with him AZ unusually large num-
Der OF horses from other tracks The
buildings and grounds have been
decorated and lighted with hundreds
OF electric lights for the night displays
on Wednesday,. Thursday and Friday
an electrical white way has been con-
structeG from the business section Of
The city TO the main entrance.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-09-13
HOLY ROLLERS FIRED At
Ni"e lsulicts Pierce Canvas OF Test
Turing Meeting In Wythe
l'nnnfH

Especial TO The Times Dispatch
tul.ASKl. VA, September H.
.Ploase Jesus. I'll stay here and preach
untn I'm ready to move unless lie
tolls me to 20 before" was the declaru-
ton of Rev. IL. l. Trim. 4 minister OF
the Holy Roller cult. following II shoot
ing attack upon his meeting al Gun
ton Park, Wythe County, on Sunday
night Nine bullets are said to have
perforated the canvas OF the text, one
or them narrowly escaping the minis
ter as he knelt In prayer
Notwithstanding the fact that tho
tent was crowded, no one was struck
by bullet and pandcmonium practi-
cally broke up the meeting, although
the minister and several OF his fol-
lowers continued the service. After
firing the gun in quick succession tho
assailant made good his escape. The
cause of the attack is not known.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-09-13
APPEAL FOR CLEMENCY
MADE IN HENLEY CASE
Governor Stuart Asked to Commute
Death Sentence to Life
Imprisonment.
PHYSICIANS ARE TRAPPED
Chorus Girl, Supposed to BE. Federal
Agent, Gets Petersburg Doctors to
Prescribe Drugs That Come Under
Ban of the Law.
Especial to The Ttmcs-Dispatch. J

PETERSBURG. VA. September H.
\ petition has been presented 10 Gov
ernor Stuart asking for communication
of the death sentence Of James Henley
10 life imprisonment. Henley, young
white man. was convicted IN the
Hastings Cour; of the murder Of James
Lewis. watChman at the Batterseo Cot
Ton Mill Tso verdict OF the jury was
for murder in the first degree. and the
court passed sentence OF death. fixing
September % as the day Of execution.
Immediately after conviction Henley
was removed TO the HcnrCo Jail for
Two other men charged
with being accessories 10 the murder
OF Lewis pleaded guilty. and each was
sentenced TO twelve years impriSon-
uleut
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-09-13
EXPECT EARLY ORDERS
Engineer Corps II Directed to lie Pre-
pared to Move to
BOrdcr.

According to Information received
last night through reliable sources, the
Engineering Corps stationed at Camp
Stuart may be ordered to the Mexican
border within the next few days.
y letter from the Department OF the
East to the commanding officer, Captain
Griffith, II is understood, stated that
needed supplies had been shipped, but
that the corps might be sent to the
border before the supplies were re-
ccived. The communication SGT the
corps on the aui vive. and served to
Tighten tho monotony II has endured
during the last two months
Whether the communication will re-
suit In movement remains to he seen.
as many conflicting statements have
recently been received from Washing
ton.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-09-13
CLEARED OF CHARGE
". NJ. !. Cadet, Accused OF RobbinE
Woman In Hotel, E;stablisheA
nm Allbl,

LfNCIiBURG. VA, September H.
H. q. West. II cadet at Virginia Mill
tary Institute. who was arrested here
last week OH the charge OF Il white
woman that he chloroformed her and
robbed her OF SIS at Il local hotel, was
acquitted In tho Police Court here to-
day after II trial lasting nearly four
hours.
West denied the charge strenuously
ut the time of his arrest. and to-day
established a complete abb, through
the testimony OF several FELLOWSHIP
dents. who wore With him Mt u theater
here ut the time the woman claimed
the robbery took pFce.
West was bailed' ut tho time of his
arrest by II. a. James. of Danville. a
member Of the V. NJ. l. board OF visi-
tors. who happened to be in Lynchbury
at the time.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-09-13
DEATHS IN VIRGINIA
John (,rOprl,.

BEDFORp CITY. VA. September 10
-Funcral SERVICES for John GrooCh. for
ten years a resident of the Elks' Ma
tional Home. took place AT > o'clock
YESTERDAY afternoon in II" lodge room
OF the home. The We're conducted by
Rev. Mr.. BUrch Of Texas a resident OF
the nrtioual home This is the first
death and funeral in the new home
The services was attended by all Of
the inmates who were able 10 leave
their rooms, as well as bv the officers.
Mr.. GyOoch was s!Xty-eight years
old. The body was taken 10 Indianapo-
lis, lnd..rhis former home, for burial.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-09-13
n1hcr Murder Cnsc>.

The MUSINGS Court, Which VIII oegiN
its September term next week mas
three murder cases on the docket
One Of these is that of ] T. Nee. q
youn; drug clerk. who. several - rnths
ago. shot and Killed Mrs. Lillian Rob
eriscn. This case has several ines
been continued.
Ashby shelton. colo:ed, is 10 y r!ed
as an accessory 10 the murder g.; Leon
Tong. a ChiuamaD.
Buck harris negro, viii Ne tried tor
the murder OF Fred Harvill. vplored.
The deteudar; Is only about ten wears
uld. apd the killing occurred in Scuf-
II. over a cigArette stump.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-09-13

II Is reported that several Peters
burg physicians We're trapped "a day
OF two ago by Choru. girl Of
theatrical company that played here.
supposed 10 be a secret Federal agent.
She approached tn. physicians with u
prescription purpUting 10 have heen
written. by a physician for asthma
from which she claimed TO be q suf-
fcref. and asked TO have II duplicated
The prescription is said TO have called
for drugs forbidden by law II rs
expected that the matter will be heard
from later in the Federal court. as
three OF tho physicians applied Ia COM
nllcd WIN The rnQucst.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-09-13
ALLIES PUSHING DRIVE
NORTH E'ROM SALONII\I

Especial Gable TO The Times Dispatch.
LONDON. September 12.-The allies
drive nor;hward from Saloptki. which
began Yesterday, is reing pushed with
MADE to-day by the British on the
right flank. the French in the center
and the Serbs on the ief;
An Athens dispatch 10 the Exchange
Telegraph Company asserts the Bull
CARS are in fun retreat on the whole
Macedonian front. after suffering enor-
NOUS losses IN a thi-ty-s:N-hour battle
OH the Styurla River.
The British have established them
selves firmly on the east hank Of mat
stream. the War Office announced to-
day. The French, between the Na-dar
and Lake Dorian, captured the village
Of Yeminah and continued ,heir sYS-
tematic drum fire against the BG!saT
lines i'll the lake region.
Yves, % the Nardar the French cap
iured Eulcar trenches on iront II
nearly two miles, 10 a deptn 81: half
a mIe
y decisive battle is impendins be-
tween the British and the iSu!Sars
within the next forty eight hours The
attackers have not Vet come IN con-
rSct with the main Bulgarian army.
The German War Office declared this
afternoon that lighting on the Siyuma
resulted successfully for the 'ul-
':arian troops"
The Pctit paris today
scmiof1icial word .,uat the
have evacuated all the forts a, the
Greek seaport OF kavala, occupied by
them last month.
\ Fetrccrad dispatch says Rounlan-
ian forces rapidly arc advancing west
ward TO take TIE offensive against the
fuigar-Teuton forces in Northeastern
Serbia. The rcpor; IS not generally
credited here, however, as the Danube
bristlcs with German and bulgarian
guns. which would make such {, move
on the part Of the Roumauaus vir-
Uually impossible
The last twcuty-four hours brought
mo- development Of consequence In the
EouWaniaH war theatci. .Nu o.uc.al
statement issued In CcnStAntjnurta 10
day revealed for III" first Tins TURKISH
cooperation with the Enl..ar- Grrnlp
army in the Dobrudia. II Is said that
near tho fortress Of Dohric. the Russo
ltoumanian forces made a new sortic,
hut were again defeated BY the Turks
;,ni ihrir allies"
l'icld Marshal Won Macllensen is in
supreme command of the invading
forces in Roumania, tO-day's Berlin
War OHfc" statement shows. The
statement said that Germau-Eulgarian
forces continue to advance in the
Duhrudin."
Meanwhile, the big guns Of the Sui
;:arS and Tcutous are vigorously shell
ing tho Roumanian defense line north
81 tho Danube. Along Il l0o-milo fronk.
from s;viStcva to Silistra, the invaders
arc mnsscd on the southern bank and
"a rroSSiuc IL momentarily c!<)ectcd,
probably south Of GiurEcvo. the near
"st .,oal TO Bucharest, which has been
under bomhardincnt continuously for
three days The town Is atlame in
several parts and the civilian popu-
latinu has fed.