davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-08-27

ship yards and soon became general
although not universal. Laborers OF
various kinds IN the cry OF Baltimore
took up the ten-hour fight and held
what was perhaps the FIRST parade OF
organized labor. They carried BAN
ners declaring that ten-hours should
constitute a days labor thereafter
The public decided in favor of the
workmen and for ATTY years men
worked on the ten-hour plan in the
Nonum entail City.
Then came the Civil War. which
brought men together and opened up
new avenues OF communication and
stirred mems minds deeply on eco
nomic topics. After peace had been
declared trade unions began TO spring
up in various parts Of the country.
among them the Grand International
Brotherhood OF Locomotive Engi-
neers, an organization that brought
about better hours for locom otive en-
gineers and also barred out inca pable
men--a move which was welcom ed
throughout the country not only for
the sake OF the men. but for the lives
at stake when a train was sent out
by an overworked or incompetent en-
gineer.
The powerful Cigar Makers Union
was organized In 1867. their aim being
TO equalize the price and hours
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-08-27
mass of problems to solve.

mass OF problems to solve.
Mrs. Raymond Robins. the presi-
dent OF the National Women's Trade
Union League OF America. at the head
of an affiliated membership OF sew
eral hundreds or thousands of women
says: Our labor problem In this
country is more complicated than ever,
because women In increasing numbers
are being called into Industrial fields
and all trades are being thrown open
to them"
An endless array of trades and &C.
equations reveal the fact that the
American woman has been weaned
away from home employment. There
are few industries today which are
considered as distinctly feminine,
This does not mean that women are
doing more work than formerly: mere
ly that they are working in different
places end under different conditions.
They have followed various industries
as they have been taken from the
home into the factories and have been
made part of the factory system of
the age.
This transformation, effected within
the past fifty years, has been divided
by statisticians at the Department of
Labor into three periods, In the first,
the woman entered the Industrial
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-08-27

garment Industries which we have wit
messed In our leading Industrial cities
IN previous years. The question, Is,
can we afford to wait for such social
uprisings In the other industries?"
Mrs. Robins was asked what she
thought of the great cry that has been
raised against women in industry on
the score that they are taking mems
places away from them. She answered
this problem by saying: with new
inventions In machinery daily throw
ing men out of work, there Is oft a
note of bitterness in the contention
that the machine and woman are CIV
ing man no chance to work. But the
history OF our colonial life and the
early days of the republic teaches
that women have always been an I'M
portant factor In American industry.
Some of the industries that have his
torically always been looked upon as
woman's work. such as spinning.
weaving and sewing, are today not
only shared by men but are In the
process of being taken over by men
The history of other countries also
tells US of the work done by women
in the labor market previous to the
present century. For instance, in the
Middle Ages In Germany, women
played a very important part In the
industrial development Of cities.
They were not only apprentices and
workers. they were employers Of labor
and travelling women.
1--WE are living In ohe OF the great
transitional periods of industrial de-
velopment," continued Mrs. Robins.
and 1t is a period which has seen the
immense development of the me-
chanical genius Of our people, the in
PRODUCTION and development OF ma
chinery to such an extent that we
sometimes feel as though the machine
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-08-27
getting the eight-hour day.
knights OF Labor.

The famous knights OF Labor came
into existence through the efforts OF
Uriah s. Stevens, a Philadelphia tailor.
who called eight of his friends to-
gether for the organization of the So
ciety, which became one of the most
powerful organizations of modern
times.
/ Until 1882 the name and purpose
of the organization were kept secret.
but after that time It's objects and
aims were open to the public. The
growth of the order was rapid and
finally reached seven hundred thou
sand. Then came split by internal
dissension and the order was weak
ened by failing strikes and the MEM
bership declined and is now less than
one hundred thousand.
American Federation.
| The American Federation OF Labor
is the greatest labor organization of
! the present time IT Is non-secret
confederation of trade unions having
for its object the i'm provement In the
| conditions and wages OF labor. the
esta hlishment of se1f-governing unions
of wage workers OF every trade and
| legitimate occupation where none
exists. II had Its inception at Terre
Haute, Indiana. in 1881 Prior to
that there had been several attempts
to found Il general organization but
with only partial success. The con-
vention was afterwards fully organ
ized at Pittsburgh in November of that
year. and the name Of the Organized
Trades and Labor Union of the Unit
ed States and Canada was adopted.
The membership at that time was
made up largely of seceders from the
Knights of Labor. The federation
finally merged itself with an indie
pendent trade union congress held at
Columbus. Ohio. In 1855. when the
present name was adopted. 1t Is now
composed OF one hundred and ten In
ternational unions representing ap-
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-08-27

world because 1t was necessity: they
offered their services cheap, they were
young and as they did not expect to
stay in the industrial world a long
time, they considered 1t better to &C
cept conditions as they found them
than to fight for Improvements. The
second period sees the entrance Of a
considerable number OF older women
into the domain OF industry and q
marked entrance OF the married wom-
an, who is becoming more and more
Of a common figure. Then followed
the idea of organization and the wom-
ans trade union movement was
launched. With this organization
women have been convinced that the
hopeful line of activity for them lies
In the effort TO secure protective laws
which will give them equal standing
as to wages and hours with their male
competitors. 1t Is In the third period
that women now stand, where. from
their years OF experience. they hope to
create a new social creed
Some or The Problems.
1.-The question of the establishment
of legal minimum wage" says Mrs
hODlnE, rs DGlOTt US rs people, ana
1t Is doubtless ono Of the many ex-
pressions of the awakened social con-
science In America. Today. thought
full men and women everywhere are
realizing the individual and social
menace OF the low wage and there Is
a general recognition of the fact that
in great, rich country able bodied
men and women should find II possible
to earn their living by their days
work.
What light OF heroism have l seen
shine out among American girls who
have been undergrad for their work.
I know girls who have lived twelve in
room because their earnings did not
permit them better sleeping accommo-
dations and who have lived for three
years at stretch on rye bread and
olive oil unless invited out for a meal
That minimum wage can be estab-
lished has been proved beyond all
doubt by the victorious strikes in the
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-08-27

, had become quite human. The oues-
ton Is. not Will women crowd men
out. but will they stitie themselves
Here. we come to the greatest prob
lem of all. We believe that every
girl In industry Is potential wife and
mother some day. The whole history
with all its allied business opportuni-
shows how eagerly the best trained
minds among women are wishing to
place home-making on an equality
with other trades and professions.
That this may be accomplished u the
desire of all thoughtful and inteili-
gent women. The health Of our race
mothers must also be guarded. One
reason that we in America are 10 un-
conscious of the spiritual, physical and
mental loss to our people by the ex-
ploitation of our women workers 10
because of the steady influx Of strong
peasant women. We cannot AFFORD to
send our girls into factory. store or
business unless the conditions are con-
ducive to health"
These are the problems that are al
ready demanding solution. There 10
another. however. that threatens tho
welfare of American women workers
within the next few years. 1t Is said
that we are to expect an increased.
feminine immigration from Europe
after the war. The stream Of bread
winners who will start for America
after the war will be very different
from those who came to our shores
before 1914. They will have been
trained by service during the years Of
struggle and will represent an army
OF trained competitors. How to elm.
mate the difficulties that will arise
will. OF course. be problems for the
| future.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-08-27
'S(I0LICNSI<02T

proximateiy twenty-five thousand
local unions, with membership Of
more than two million persons. The
main ONCE Is in Washington. D. c.,
and Mr.. Samuel Gompers IL the presi-
dent.
Industrial Workers OF The World.
For numb of years the So
cialistic element tried to control thu
policy of the Federation OF Labor, and
falling in this a large number Of 60
cialists withdrew and Joined with
other Socialistic labor unions in form
Ing society known as the Industrial
Workers Of the World--a society COM
posed mainly of foreigners whose ideas
are at variance with the Constitution
of the United States and who have
been chiefly instrumental In causing
unrest in the labor world.
The United States Government IN
1918 created a Department Of Labor,
making It separate from the Depart
ment OF Commerce and Labor. It 10
presided over by Secretary who IL a
member of the Cabinet. Honorable
William n. Wilson, a warm advocate
"a the taGS6 Oh the taDOElng man. IL
the incumbent. It Is the duty
of this Department to assist In pro-
noting the welfare of the working
man. and the Secretary has power to
appoint commissioners Of Cancellation
In labor disputes whenever he Judges
this to be in the interest Of Industrial
peace. He also makes reports on
labor conditions to the President and
to Congress.
1t seems fitting. indeed. that the
American laborer should celebrate the
first Monday in september-the day
set apart by the Government as Labor
Day. for In this land of freedom and
opportunity he has gained larger
share Of what he helps to produce and
enjoys the fruits of hts labor In an
environment that promotes the de-
velopment OF the best qualities of his
nature far beyond whnt has fallen to
| the lot Of his fellows In other lands
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-08-27

Many workmen were brought ever
from lnsland under contract 10 work
out their passage. and some were
compelled 70 endure great hardsh5ps
before their contract was cancelled,
The life Of the laborer In the early
days was not one 20 he envted, and
hoSF 10 bring about better conditions
was Il question which was solved la
tor by the organization OF labor IN
ions.
Trade Unions Organized.
The tatlors established trade
union in 1895, while tho house car
penters organized later during the
same year In 1919 the hatters formed
an organization. The compositors OF
New York City werc organized in 1917.
and was the parent Of the present
Printers Union. However. the long
hours continued and fourteen working
hours per day was not uncommon in
textile factories. The laborers aided
ny the trade unions began to fight for
the ten-hour day.
Ten-HoIr Law.
In 1910 President Van Buren, put
his stamp Of approval on the project
by Introducing the ten-hour system
into the Navy Yard at Washington.
and in ali public establishments. /"
The example was followed in private
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-08-27

seemed impossible. The entry OF
women into trades hitherto thought
only suitable for men has been amaz-
ing. The collapse OF trades connect
ed with the normal demands of peace
released thousands OF women for 9TH
or industries, These Industries were
thrown open by the governments de-
mands for munitions. In addition to
previous experience, are many other
women who. through patriotic impulse
have been stim ulated to enter the gov
eminent service.
People are asking, what will be the
ultimate result OF all these new
mushroom conditions upon labor
Every transference. every. woman put
in mans place. every woman who
has received specialized training
each is adding something to the be-
wildcring chaos of those industrial
problems which have to be grappled
with when peace is declared.
The United States Has Troubles Also
Nor are such questions confined to
the people on the other side of the
ocean. The United States is expert
encing an Industrial upheaval too; her
own women have entered the indus
trial and commercial worlds TO the
extent of eight millions and they have
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-08-27

0a European War. of course. stands
81: 'houeh II Is not alone, Right
"'h.n The Um3ts of the United States,
q ans ara foot 20 break down the
I'D prejG1oes that bar the path Of
td'anctWent and remedy the injus-
tees aId inequalities that have long
Hr"'' lo woman waRe-earner.
Equal suffrage and the benefits that
tperentv claim II win bring with
~ looms prominently on the horizon:
"o"ruP 'rtae unions are at work in
MIA 'if''d way. 50 place the woman
tfe90 wjHucr among the truly resog-
niz'd industrial factors; and the Fed
eral Legislature has bill before II,
which senators and representatives
think has most favorable chance to
pass. 70 create Il special division in
The Department % Labor for the indie
pendent Investigation OF conditions
That surround women at their employ
neut
Tho Influence OF The European War,
A unique and wholly Unprecedented
influence has been created by the Eu-
ropean War Women. Within the past
two years. have actually assumed the
bulk OF the Industrial responsibility
In the belliRcrent countries, They are
doing everything fhot " IS possible
for them. 10 do and much that has
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-08-27
The Havoc Created By
Her Increased Entry In
to the Workaday World
Serious Industrial Prob
lens = Questions of Wa
ges, Health, Competition.

s~HE worlds labor problems are
presenting many harassing
angles a. Present Labor Day
orators the country over Will
save an unusual number II grave
E4uestions 10 discuss IBIS year But
~ all the questions no single one
seems more provocative OF real serious
SDonsideration than that which relates
"a the Work OF women 10 the world
and the economic and social friction
which Is being caused by her presence
10 the industrial ana Commercial life
NDf the nations.
Il No period as much ar the present
me has ever been so productive Of
s0Fmoils within the feminine worka-
A1Ay world. Uppermost as an influence
Abbeville progress. (Abbeville, Vermilion Parish, La.) 1913-1944, 1916-07-29
FARMER LEARNED TO KEEP
BOOKS; NOW HAS BANK
ACCOUNT.
record should Be Kept Of Each Crop
Means Greater Profit.

A farmer who kept an account NJ an
lrlSh potato crop was 50 pleased with
what he learned that he decided n
Keep accounts OF all his crops the next
year. He soon had bank account,
ana farming daily grew more interest.
Ing TO him.
livery farmer should keep books SO
mat he may have accurate informa.
ZION about his business and NAV know
the cost of labor. machinery and raw
material. II Is important TO know the
COST OF producing each pound OF cot.
Ton or hay and each busheI OF corn or
oats. Do not figure on the basis tha.
II VIII cost so much to prepare the
iahu' so much for planting ana 70
much for Cultivating. That is like
Asur1ng In the air. What you want to
know is not what 1t costs ANYBODY. but
"hat did 1t cost you on your farm
as you raised t. Keep the record
once and learn something new.
farmer should be a better corn
raiser next year than he is this yea-.
keeping an accurate account Of tho
cost OF producing his crop will Selp
MIN TO improve. Bookkeeping is
method OF accurate and painstsk,ng
Thinking abut ones business. Tbat.s
reason enough why farmer should
Keep DOCKS r. l.. Hines,
Louisiana State University.
Abbeville progress. (Abbeville, Vermilion Parish, La.) 1913-1944, 1916-07-29
FALL CROP OF IRISH
POTATOES.
eprout Seed Well Before PLANTING
Plant sma'I-Sized Tubers, Whole;
Otherwise Will Probably Rot

From the 10th TO the 10Th Of August
is the best time to plant for the fall
crop OF Irish potatoes. depending. Of
course, on the condition OF the SOL
and how much the tubers have sprout.
ed before planting. Seed potatoes
should be well sprouted before plant
Ing; otherwise they will not have time.
20 mature crop.
Medium 10 small-sized tubers should
be used for the fall crop, planting
hem whole, II cut, the pieces gener-
ally rot without producing a plant.
Potatoes for the fall crop should be
planted deeper than for the spring
crop, so as to get the tubers down into
cool soil, where they will push out
and grow with greater vigor than
when planted shallow.
About the first of August a crop o,
half-mstured COW peas should be turn.
I'd under deep and the land narrowed
aud rshLrrowed e. intervals until the
Eaadle Of Argus, Of later, when the
planting should be done.
J. G. Lee,
Louisiana State University.
Abbeville progress. (Abbeville, Vermilion Parish, La.) 1913-1944, 1916-07-29
ABBEVILLE PROGRESS

ShouldSIOan'sLin Alon.
or course it should! For after
strenuous day when your musclS
have been exercised 10 the limit
application of Sloan's Eminent vi
take the sornness and stiffness ava.
and get you in fine shape for the mot
row. You should also nse it for SUD
den attack of tOothaChe, stiff neck
Gackache. stings, bites and the mani
accidents that are incidental 10 Vsl
catioli. "We would as soon leave on
baggage as go on vacation or raml
ont without Sloan's Llniment "Nritt
one yacatiHrist: We nse 1t for every!
thing from cramps to too'hache |
Put Il bottle in ySur hag, be prepsreI
and have no regrets. adV|
Abbeville progress. (Abbeville, Vermilion Parish, La.) 1913-1944, 1916-07-29
New Orleans, La, July 10th l9l
David 7. Matthews,
Stella, Nebraska.

Dear Sir:
You are hereby notified in accordanCl
with Act PA fthe Louisiana Legislature
Of 1910 that on June II, 1916, l purj
chased for the taxes of 1918 the follow 4
ing property belonging to Won and as
sessed to David r. Matthews, for said
taxes of 1918, towit:
Lot IS Gueydau Sub-Drainaae District
No comprising S f a of S W a SEQ
- r. y South Range West contain
irv 80 = acres all of said property being
situated il the Parish of Vermilion, La.
You are further notified that said tax
iced is dated June II, 1916, and vas
duly registered in the conveyance Office
Of said Parish of Nermilion, La, in
Book so, folio 462 OIL June 3Oth. 1916.
and that the taxes. interest, costs aud
penalties for which said property was
sold amount to Sl05.70,
K. 4. STEPHENS,
Abbeville progress. (Abbeville, Vermilion Parish, La.) 1913-1944, 1916-07-29
Little Henry Edwards.

Little Henry Edwards the charm
ing baby son of Dr.. and Mrs. {. 7
Edwards, of this city, died at tn,
oanltarlum in Crowley, La. or
Wednesday, July 10Th. 1915. at
o clock III the afternoon, after {
very brief illness, caused from an
ahceSs Of the bone in the knee
which caused blood poison.
As soon as the little fellow was
taken Ill he was taken to Crowley
10 be examined through the xray
which disclosed an abcess in the
knee. An operation was performed
but the poisoned puss had already
entered the system.
Little Henry was but s years 10
months and 10 day old, and wa,
the pride OF the home.
The remains of the little fellow
were brought 10 the home of his
parents Wednesday night, where
they remained until ) O'Clock
Thursday afternoon, when the re-
atlves, friends and acquaintance Of
the family gathered to pay their
respects. The funeral procession
was formed and moved to the
Catholic Church, where impressive
services were conducted, after
which the corps was taken to the
Catholic cemetery and laid to rest.
The funeral was largely attended
and the floral offerings were very
beautiful.
Besides its father and mother.
the little fellow is survived BY four
brothers and one sister, being Dr..
Harold Edwards, of KapIan; NJ. H
Edwards, of Bridgeport, Cal; Miss
Mathilde and Messrs. Floyd i.
and Wakeman Edwards, of this
city.
The Progress joins their many
friends in extending sympathy TO
the family in their sad bereave-
ment.
The family desires to extend
their heartfelt thanks to all those
who were so kind and attentive to
them during the illness and death
of their beloved son and brother.
and for the beautiful floral offerings
Abbeville progress. (Abbeville, Vermilion Parish, La.) 1913-1944, 1916-07-29
Directions For
Canning Tomatoes

Select firm red tomatoes of uni
form size, put into tray and lower
INTO boiling water for about one
minute, to make skins come of
easily. Plunge into cold water to
make fruit firm and peel promptly.
Use a slender pointed knife to cut
out the core, being careful not to
cut into the seed cells.
All cans and utensils should be
thoroughly sterilized by boiling for
minutes. Pack tomatoes in can
as closely as possible to within one
fourth inch of the top. Weigh
cans. No. Is should contain not
less than 20 ounces and No. SIS
not less than 80 ounces of tomatoes
Mix Sugar and salt in the pro-
portion or one-third salt and two
thirds sugar. Put two level tea
spoonful of this mixture in each
No. ) can of tomatoes and one tea.
spoonful in each No. can. Put
he cap on the can, leaving the
vent hole open, place cans in trav
and lower into boiling water, al
most lmmersing, allowing cans to
remain for ) minutes to drive out
the air. Tip the cans immediately
after exhausting and completely
lmmerse in boiling water. No.2
cans require IS to 20 minutes cook
ing; No. 8 require p to 80 minutes
Count from the time the water first
bolls, after inInersing the cans.
and keep it boiling constantly.
COL as q 'ckly as possible.
If glass Jars are used put tops on
loosely, set in water nearly to top
and boil, pint jars rs minutes ard
quart jars 80 minutes. The tops
should be frightened as soon as the
jars are removed from the water
Be careful in removing not to place
jars in draft. In canning with
steam pressure Gamer, the cans are
capped and tipped Immediately
after Sling Place in Gamer and
process. Mop cans require 20
minutes at 22S degrees. S lbs, pres.
sure; No cans, 20 minutes at 232
to 235 degrees, 7 lbs. PRESSURE
Mic alice S. Keller. assistant in
hnlng, Junior Extension Depart
int, Louisiana State University.
Abbeville progress. (Abbeville, Vermilion Parish, La.) 1913-1944, 1916-07-29

New Orleans, La, July 10Th, 1915
J. w. Moss,
Cameron, Mo.
Dear Sir:
You are hereby notified in accordance
with Act pa of the Louisiana Legisla-
ture of 1910, that on June II, 1916, l
purchased for the taxes Of 1915 the fol
lowing property belonging to you and
Abbeville progress. (Abbeville, Vermilion Parish, La.) 1913-1944, 1916-07-29

Mr.. Almond H;mendinGer, of Lake
Charles. who is to be in charge OF the
Abbeville Sc. l0c and 25c Store, came in
Monday evening with the new goods. In
a few DAYS everything will be i'll readi-
ness for business. This will be one
store in which the people can go with
the assurance of getting go d goods at
the right price.
Abbeville progress. (Abbeville, Vermilion Parish, La.) 1913-1944, 1916-07-29

A. Himendinger, who is to have
charge of the new Store on State
Street, came in Monday to get
thing in readiness for the opening
Abbeville progress. (Abbeville, Vermilion Parish, La.) 1913-1944, 1916-07-29

Misses Elease and Marian Foote
of Kaplan, and Elizabeth Womack,
of Gueydan, spent the week end
in this city, guests of Misses
Vida and Marguerite Summers.
Abbeville progress. (Abbeville, Vermilion Parish, La.) 1913-1944, 1916-07-29

Mr.. and Mrs. c. J. Connor are
the proud parents of another fine
boy which arrived at theis home
"Wednesday of this week.