davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25
HOUSE GOES TO BERLIN.
President Wilson's Special Envoy En-
route to German Capital.

President Wilson's Special Envoy En-
route to German Capital.
Geneva. Switzerland. Jan. "a, via
Paris, Jan. "a (delayed).-Col. Z. NJ.
House President Wilson's personal
representative, arrived here this morn
ing, and left at o'clock in the after
noon for Berlin. He was accompanied
by two secretaries Of the American
embassy In Berlin, who had come here
to meet him.
Colonel House said to the Associated
Press correspondent that many mis-
statements had been published in the
European press concerning the motives
Of his visit and he desired again to af
firm that it was In no wise connected
with any peace movement or any peace
proposals but that it's purpose contin-
ued to be that which had been an
nounced before he left the United
States.
From Berlin Colonel, House will re-
turn to Paris thru Switzerland and will
visit no other capitals.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25
VILLA REoRGANIzING ARMY.
Said to Be Concentrating Mon to Take
Field Against Carranza.

Ell Paso. Tex, Jan. 25.-Advices from
the interior of Chihuahua state re-
port continued tranquility outside the
district in which the forces of Villa,
Argumedo. Contreras and other rebel
leaders are operating.
Reports from Torreon state that the
Carranza troops, comprising a part of
the 10000 men being concentrated for q
campaign to exterminate bandits, al
ready have taken the field against
these leaders in the Laguna district.
Latest advices concerning villa
stated that he was in the vicinity OF
Guerrero, where. according to state
ments by his supporters, he was safe
from pursuing Carranza forces, pend
ing completion Of his plans to reor-
ganize his army. to take the field, with
Argumedo and other leaders, against
the de facto government of Mexico.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25
ADMITS ELoplNe WITH NEGRO.
Mrs. Viola Hood and Mulatto Sur
render to Police.

renoer TO Hottce.
Salt Lake City. Jan. 25.-Raymond
Dobbs, the giant mulatto, and Mrs.
Viola Hood, who eloped from San
Diego last Friday, surrendered them
selves to the Salt Lake City police yes
terday and both declared that their
act was voluntary. ... ..-
Dobbs said he had read In morn
ing newspaper that the police had
been asked to detain them and de-
cided to surrender himself to avoid
trouble He said Mrs. Hood had
eloped with him of her own vo!ition
and that he had never employed
threats to induce her to leave her
home. He said she had urged him
at intervals for year to run away
with her and that she provided the
funds.
A search for Mrs. Hood proved
without result until she walked into
the police station. She confirmed
Dobbs' story. according to the police.
and says she willS return to San Diego.
If desired. on condition that Dobhs be
set at liberty 50 he may go to Chi
cago. The police also say Mrs. Hood
said their plans were to be married
here under assumed names and make
their home in Chicago.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25
WOMEN MAY PREVENT WAR.
pr. Mary Walker Expresses Wow oi
Preparedness Problem.

Washington. Jan. 25.-"Japan Is the
only nation we need to fear and in
stead of the preparedness congress
talks about, send fifty American
women to talk to Japanese women
said DR.. Mary Walker, to the house
naval committee today. DR.. Walker
said she believed in preparedness but
thought it inconsistent to send dele
gates to The Hague peace tribunal and
then prepare for war.
Secretary Daniels in a letter read to
the committee said that to commits
sion warships already built and au-
'thorized on a full war basis the -Avy
would need 1902 more officers by July
1, 1919, and on a peace basis would still
be thirty-two officers short.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25
After the War.
PREpIcT TARlFFI REvIsioN.

Position Of President Taken 60 Mean
Reduction After European War.
Washington. Jan. 25.-Presfdent VIII.
son told Chairman Kttchin OF the ways
and means committee today that he
favors creation Of tariff commission
and will attempt to put bill for one
thru during the present session Of con-
gress.
The president is expectsd to discuss
the question in q special message to
CONGRESS-. The presfdsnt's plan Is said
s0EE60 tor a iioss -lsaftasn CommiBsion
for the purpose Of collecting facts for
congress
While officials would NOT sAy today
that his decision toSsuppisuurt = : tariie
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25

commission bill meant he thought there
should be changes In some of the tar
if schedules, 1t was indicated he be-
lieved some changes might be neces-
sary after the war.
Chairman Kitchin said he thought
the committee would support anti
dumping legislation. Details have not
been worked out but he thought a
measure would be reported similar to
the anti-dumping clause OF the Under.
wood tariff bill, which was defeated in
the senate.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25
4 FIGHT CAR ORDINANCE.
Waterloo Traction Company to Oppose
Two-Man Car Order.

Waterloo Traction Company to Oppose
Two-Man Car Order. ~.
Waterloo, Jan. 25-Waterloo's street
cars will continue to operate under the
one-man system until Feb. /, at least.
The city council last evening adopted
an ordinance providing that all cars
should be in charge of two men. The
ordinance was to have become effec-
tive tomorrow, but the city council
granted an extension Of time. The
street car officials in the meantime
will appeal to the district court for a
temporary injunction restraining the
city from enforcing the ordinance.
One man cars are in operation on all
local lines except one. The first one
man car was operated In this city on
Dec. 10.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25
King NichoIa. Reaches France.

Lyons France, Jan. "a. GDelayed.1-
King Nicholas Of Montenegro, accom-
panied by Crown Prince Danilo, by
Prince Peter and by Princess Militia,
and by officers of his staff, arrived here
this evening from Italy in King Victor
Emmanuers private car. He was re-
ceived at the railway station by the
municipal authorities, who welcomed
him in the name Of President Poin-
care
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25
Hood Stands bx Wifi.

Los Angeles. Jan. 25.-When in
formed Of his wife's surrender to the
police Of Salt Lake City, Van Lee
Hood said:
II positively will not condone any
guilty act on the part of my WIFE but
I will stake my life on her innocence,
and will spend the remainder of my
life in proving her character and in
Furnishing her assailant."
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25
BROWN ADMITTED GUILT.
Alleged 70 Havs Told Witness At Mob,
Trial He Killed Physician.

st.Ik y f1TI1I t108Ga 1NHIO0 W FyHyofUIAu.
Providence. r. l., Jan. 25.-Several
witnesses for the state remained to be
examined when court opened today in
the trial Of Mrs.. E1izab-th #. Mohr,
Cecil Brown and Henry Spellman
charged with the murder Of DR.. G.
Franklin Mohr. r;n.he Indications were
that the case would not go to the Jury
before next week.
4 Herbert Healis, brother Of George w.
Heals. Dr. Mohrs chauffeur, who
turned states evidence, testified today
that he went to the Bristol jail on
Sept. %, to see his brother, and that
Brown said to him, Eyes, I did it.
We've done the trick. plugged the
doctor and Spellman plugged Miss
Burger" Z
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25
MohTEnEoRlns HAVE QUIT.

German Agency Rsitsrates Claim That
Army Has LAID Down Arms.
Berlin, via Sayville, Jan. 25.-The as
sertion is again made today by the
Overseas News AgSzcy, that the
Montenegrins have laid down their
arms.
aThe newspapers Of Berlin" says the
irency, estate that the main body of
1s e S-s:: !: I.
81 ~ and that the Niksic panilovgrad-
no6 81 dtse 6cntaff line 10 hTmly In the
1Iandp 0f the sAustro- -Hungarians,
" 5JSftA King ceichplas nor "a :
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25
PAGE ONE.

PAGE ONE. IS
Teiesraphie News:
Cabinet Approves Wilson SpS g.
Germany Makes Concesst y In
Lusitania Case.
Hilles Says Roosevelt 1s Can
didate. He
Germans Attacking on Front.
PAGES TWO, THREE . FOUR.
Iowa News: #
Tuberculosis in Hogs Eradicable.
Wilson to Speak In Grinnell.
Hundred Acre Farm Missing.
Express Package Stolen.
Appeal In Behalf Of Poland.
Girls Soon Tires Of Gay Life.
PAGE FIVE.
Farm News: -a..
Advancing Land Prices.
Institute Program at Rowan.
Test Every Ear Of Seed Corn.
Longwcrth May Enter Senate.
PAGE SIX.
Editorial:
Clear Lakes Proposed Fishery.
A Nature Study.
Test 1t Now.
Topics of the Times.
Iowa Opinion and Notes.
PAGE SEVEN.
General News:
Naval Program Not to Be Curtailed
Miscellaneous Matters.
PAGES EIGHT, NINE, TEN, ELEVEN
City News:
County Expenses in 1915.
Five State Conventions This Year.
President Tearney Ready to Fight.
Much Wealth Found in Woman!
Clothes.
Realty Market Quiet
General and Brief City News.
PAGE TWELVE.
Markets and General News:
Wheat Ascends to New Record.
Corn Trade Light
Cattle Market Weak.
Hogs Advance, Then Decline.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25

Montenegrin government withdrew the
request which they made for peace"
the agency continues, "and the capitu-
lation has actually taken place. The
newspapers express the opinion that
King Nicholas went to France at the
request Of the entente powers, because
of the impression made in those coun-
tries by the surrender Of Montenegro"
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25
NEW FOOT AND MOUTH CASES
Infection Found in Christian County
Illinois

Illinois.
Washington, Jan. %. Foot and
mouth infection has been discovered
on farm in Christian county, Illinois,
and federal order. effective Jan. 25.
has closed this county.
This is the first actual case Of foot
and mouth disease that has been found
in Christian county and the federal
and state authorities are endeavoring
to ascertain the source OF the infection.
+ On account Of some recent shipments
of stock from the county to East ST.
Louis, the yards in the latter place are
permitted to handle stock for immedi-
ate slaughter only, and no feeders OF
stockers are being shipped out from
them.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25
Protest Removal Of Guards.

El Paso, Tex, Jan. 25.-The removal
of the provost guards from the vicinity
of the international bridge by order
of Gen. j. +. Pershing, commanding the
Eighth infantry on the border, as re-
suit Of the recent shooting Of Mexi-
can by q guard, cause unueasiness
among the custom inspectors at the
bridge today. A request that the
guards be returned to the bridge was
made to General Pershing.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25
PREPARE RATE CASE FIGHT.
Iowa Commercial Organizations Rep
resented at Conference.

Des Moines, Jan. 25-Representative
OF the commercial organizations of ten
Iowa cities met at the state house this
morning in conference with Clifford
Thorne, chairman Of the Iowa Rail-
road commission, to make final plans
for arguments in the reopened Interior
Iowa rate case. The hearing will open
Feb 3. before the interstate commerce
commission.
The following cities were repre-
sented: Cedar Rapids, Ottumwa. Mar
shalltown. Sioux City. Grinnell Wa
terloo, Fairfield, Fort. Dodge Des
Moines and Iowa City.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25
Turk. ReouIse British Attack,

Berlin, wireless to Sayyille, Jan. 20.
The British force going to the relief
Of the troops surrounded by Turks at
Kut-El- -Amara attacked the Turkish
positions near Menlari on Jan. 21, but
were repulsed after an engagement
lasting six hours. according to an Off
cial report issued by the Turkish head
quarters staff. The British, the an
nouncement said, left about 5000 dead
on the field.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25
COMMONS PASSES DRAFT BILL.
Conscription Measure Passes Thirt
Reading, 333 to So.

Conscription Measure Passes Third
Reading, 3S3 to So.
London, Jan. 25.AThe military ser
vice bill passed the third reading in the
house of Commons last night by vote
of 1913 to Sc. 1t was Immediately sent
t. the >use of lords and given its first
reading.
The second reading will be taken in
the house of lords on Wednesday, and
parliament probably will be prorogued
Friday.
The fact that the minority against
the bin on final vote in the house was
virtu. tiy only a third OF that on its
first ..ading is considered great
triumph for Premier Asquith and An
drew. Bonar Law.
omits Capital Penalty.
The bill passed thru the report stage
In the house without serious modifica-
tton. The government accepted an
amendment that capital punishm nj
should not be inflicted for refusal to
obey call to the colors.
The principal discussion turned on
safeguards against employing the
measure for Industrial compulsion,
many members expressing suspicion
regarding the attitude of>David Lloyd
George, Minister Of munitions.
In behalf of the government, Andrew
Bonar Law gave further assurances on
this point, which he declared were
binding on the whole government
A journey of the entire house of
commons to the battle front In France
and Belgium was proposed while
Harold J. Tenant, parliamentary
under secretary for war, was telling
the house about the terrific fighting go
ing on there.
It was suggested to Mr.. Tenant that
a trip to the trenches could be made
during the parliamentary recess and
that actual touch with the fighting
would have an inspiring effect on the
members in handling war problems
later.
While not altogether antagonistic,
Mr.. Tenant thought the junket would
prove too big an under taking and en-
tail too much work for the general
staff. but he promised to see what
could be done.
Mr.. Tenant announced that in the
last four weeks thirteen British aero
planes and nine or ten German ma
chimes had been lost in the western air
fighting.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25
Monensqrin. in Guerilla Warfare.

Rome, Jan. "a (delaye6 Active
guerilla warfare Is being Waged by the
Montenegrin troops on their retreat
southwark and particularly In the Tar
Hboach mountains, west Of Scutari, ac-
cording to reports received here today.
In advance of the Austrian troops who
are in pursuit, number Of Austrian
aeroplanes have been harrassing the
Montenegrins, flying low and using ma
chine guns against groups of the poorly
equipped soldiers of General Maritime
witch.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25
sut&ans Yacht Torpedosd.

r,nudon. Jan. 25.---A dispatch to the
ret hinge Telegraph Company from
s.e..Lns says the Sultan's yacht Ertho-
groal according to reports from Con-
stantinople, was torpedoed In the Bos-
phorus by q French submarine in the
latter part OF December. The vessel
was seriously damaged but it Is still
afioat.
The same dispatch states that Field
Marshal Baron Kolmar Won der Goltz
has been appointed commander in chief
of the Turkish forces in the Caucasus.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25
FLOOD CONDITION SERIOUS.
Property Damage Along Illinois Rive
10 Incraaaina.

Peoria, ILL.,, Jan. 25.-F1ood conditions
along the Illinois river continued to be
serious today. This morning the stage
Of the water was reported to be 23.1
feet and was still rising.
4 Damage to property and loss Of live
stock Is increasing. Great forces OF men
are being employed to repair and
strengthen the dikes guarding the
drainage districts.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25
TO AIR CANAL ROW.

Goethais and Edwards Returning to
Washington to Tell Differences.
Panama, Jan. 25.-Serious differences
of an official nature that have arisen
during the last few months between
Maj. Gen. George w. Goethals, COVER
nor of the Panama canal zone, and
Brig. Gen. Clarence r.. Edwards, COM
=: the Unite Sta srsc
the zone, are to COME to head at
Washington when these two officials
reach the capital. according to Cover
nor Goethals. They sailed Monday fur
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25
xiR RAID KILLS MANY.

Fronch Aviat0rS A0aIH Drop 60HtbS Oh
Monastir and 0ievgeli.
paris, Jan. 25.-The Serbian towns Of
Monastir and Gievge1i have again been
attacked by squadron Of French aero
plane., sixteen in number, the Athens
Correspondent Of the Hayas agency tel-
egrapfis. 1t is estimated 100 persons
were killed OF, wounded at Gievgeli.
All the French aeroplanes returned in
safety. In some CASES they covered a
distance Of 100 miles.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25
Admit Former Villa Chief.

Ell Paso, Tex, Jan. 25. Manuel
Medinavietia, former chief of staff to
Francisco Villa, at Juarez, was ad-
mitted to the United States today by
immigration authorities. after three
days hearing.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25
Great Western Agent, M.et.

Des Moires, Jan. 25.-Nearly 200 Iowa
as erts OF The Chic: SC G-sss 1s,ss. SRI.
railraod held their annual meeting here
today. Addresses were delivered by Of
fsciais OF the road, including A. G. Irons
and george II, Hunt Of Chicago. !,
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25
A.tIllerv ACTIVITY a Nisuport.

Paris, Jan. 25.---A French war office
statement on the progress Of hostili-
ties. given out today, says that last
niRht there was considerable artillery
activity in the vicinity Of Nieuport.
The results OF this are described, as
favorable to the French.
German troops at one point pene.
trated the first line Of French trenches
hut they were at once driven out
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25
u. S. SEES DANGER
IN BRITISH ACT
Washington Government Lodges Wig
orous Opposition to Trading With
Enemy" Restrietions--BIow at Ger


Washington, Jan. s7.-vigorous OPP
position against Great Britain's trad
ing with the enemy act" is lodged in
representations the United States Is
sending the British for foreign office.
The communication has been prepared
for transmission following the receipt
of the text Of the act from Ambassador
Page.
Altho the representations do not take
the form of q protest for the reason
that the act is limited in it's immediate
operation to British subjects, strenu-
Gus objection is directed against any
attempt to apply the legislation to
American trade.
The United States contends that the
proposed interference with trade is
illegal and that it would be impossible
to successfully aim a blow at Ger
many without doing great injustice to
American commerce.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25
GIRLS PLUNGE NOT FATAL.
Miss Werner, Who Fell Sixteen Stories
Expected to Recover.

Chicago. Jan. 25.-Physicians at a
local hospital early today said there
was no change in the condition Of Miss
Minnie b. Werner, 81. who fell from
the sixteenth floor. Of the Transports
tion building here yesterday. suffering
said chances Tor her recovery were
excellent.
Miss werner denied that shs tried to
commit suicide n :; I. n Z ss3.7
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25
MISSISSIPPI RIVER RISING.

Easements Of ,Davenport Business
Houses and Dwellings Flooded.
Ii Davenport. Jan. 25.--The Mississippi
river has risen nearly two feet in the
last five hours and has flooded cellars
in homes and stores along the levee
A number of roads west Of this city are
under water, and farmers are shut off
from Davenport. 1t Is believed the
damage will not be serious unless the
river continues to rise.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25
AMERICAN EXPORT
RECORDS BROKEN
Show Increase Of 70 Per Cont in 1915,
Reaching Total Of $3,555, 600, ,o00-Im-
ports Decrease Giving America Trade
Balance Of $1,772,oo0, 600.

Washington, Jan. 25.-American ex-
ports increased 70 per cent in 1915, and
reached total of s3,555. .O00, 600, break
Ing all previous records
Figures today by the department of
commerce show that heavy exports and
declining imports together set new
American trade balance at 81, ,772, ,O00, 900.
Imports were the smallest since 1912
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25
one AeropIans Brought Down.

London. Jan. "a British official
report from Dunkirk states that two
5aeroplanes dropped bombs on Dunkirk
about s o'clock this morning. 1t Is
added that q German seaplane was
forced to the water by q British ma
chine gnn northeast of Nieuport about
8 o'clock this morning.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25
CABINET 0. Ks.
WILSON SPEECH.
Gives Approval to Addresses
to Be Delivered on
Preparedness.
MEETINGS PUBLIC
EXCEPT AT ST. LOUIS

Lssisiat,on 70 lnorssss Government
Revenues to Take ehaps New That
Income Tax Law Has Dssn Declared
vaild-fiouss Committee lnfesNssd
Two Years Tins Will es Rsquirsd
to Complete Fint MshIls AeNilssa.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25
Liner Norseman Sunk,

London, Jan. 25.-A Liverpool mes
sage to the Exchange Telegraph Com
pany gives a report that ths-Dominior
liner Norseman has been sunk.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25
ROOSEVELT NOT
TO N--H|LLES
Chairman of National Com.
mittee Says Colonel Is
Not Candidate.
TO TAKE MOOSERS
AT THEIR WORD

HilIes Believes Republicans Will Pick
Candidate Acceptable toProsrsssives
and That Nominee Will Be Elected
Believes Justice Hughes Might Ae-
cept If Nomination Were rendered
Him-Presideney Great Temptation.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25
T.-R. BULLETIN.
NEWS OF THE DAY
Tho Weather.

Sun rises Jan. &c at 7:14, sets at
5:11.
Iowa-Snow tonight and probably
Wednesday; colder in east and central
portions tonight and in extreue o00e
portion Wednesday. ~
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-01-25
Bombardment of Nancy
Causes Considerable Dam
age Thruout City.
RESIDENTS FLEEING
IN GREAT NUMBERS
Germans Admit Destruction of Ca
thsdral Because Of les Use az obser-
walton Tower-ArtilIery Activity in
Vicinity Of Nieuport, and Air Raids
at Several Points-French Air Fleet
Again eombard Serbian Cities.

Paris, Jan. "a. delayed. city
of Nancy was again bombarded THIS
morning by long range German guns
and this afternoon a number of bombs
were dropped from GermSn aeroplanes.
The damage from the bombardment
was inconsiderable and only two per-
sons were wounded, while the aero
plane attack is reported to have been
without result.
ri was announced from Paris on
Jan. 8, that during the three preced-
ing DAYS. six persons had been killed
and ten wounded in Nancy, as the re-
suit of a bombardment of the city Dy
German guns Alarming rumors hav-
ing circulated as to havoc caused Dy
the bombardment and consequent
panic among inhabitants. the prefect
of the department in which Nancy Is
situated. issued a circular discrediting
the rumbors On the day mentioned.
President Poincare> went to Nancy and
passed the entire day there. AS pre-
cautionary measure the art works In
tho galleries of the city were removed.
Safe conducts were issued to 30,0oV
persons to leave the city on the oc-
casion Of the three days lombard
ment.]
In the Artois district yesterday even
Ing. German forces attacked the
French lines over distance of l,50o
yards. The preparatory work consisted
In the explosion Of number of mines.
followed by very violent bombard-
ment.
The Germans were driven back to
their lines by the French fire. They
were successful in occupying some
craters, however, but from most OF
these they were later expelled.