davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Newark post. (Newark, Del.) 1910-1969, 1916-02-16

auopCeu IN the North Central
states IS one which has approx
mately 10 line wires and a total
height of about 4 feet. The bottom
wires are spaced about 3 inches
apart. Such fence constructed
from all No. 9 wire with a strand
OF barbed wire on the top, Usage
orange, locust, red cedar, steel, or
cement line posts set rod apart.
and ends and braces of the same
materials as for the line posts at
distances of 40 rods, can be con-
structed, it is figured, for 90 1-2
cents rod. This allows labor
cost OF 3 cents a rod. The cost of
the wire itself is estimated at 40
cents, the line posts at % cents.
and the ends and braces at 1912
cents a rod. Such fence is ex-
ceptionally durable and should
last approximately % years.
Cheaper fences can, of course, be
constructed with less expensive
matrials. Allowing for repairs,
depreciation, and interest at 5 per
cent on the investment, the total
annual cost of upkeep for a fence
such as the one described should
be 9 cents per rod. In addition,
the interest on the value of the
land which the fence occupies, and
thus withdraws from tillage
pasture, should be included.
The growing scarcity of timber
in the North Central States which
has already resulted in populariz-
ing wire fences, is also increasing
the cost of posts for these fences,
and many ultimate results in a
more general adoption of some
substitute for a wooden post. The
only kinds of timber fence posts
which in their natural condition
last on an average for more than
Is years are Usage orange, locust
red cedar, mulberry, catalpa, and
| bur oak. The supply of all these
is limited, and most of them in the
areas where they are not native
are high priced.
In the past, before wire fences
came into such general use, Usage
orange hedge was much used for
fencing purposes, and many of
these hedges have been allowed to
grow up into trees from which
posts have been cut. On high
priced land, however, this is not
a profitable practice, because the
hedge row consumes the fertility
of much land that could be used
to better advantages for crop pro-
duction. The supply of locust tim
Der is constantly decreasing, with
a consequent rise in price, and
most of the red-cedar posts used
in the corn-belt area have to be
shipped from the Southern States.
Their cost is also steadily advanc-
ing.
Under the circumstances, farm
ers are turning their attention to
the possibilities Of steel and con-
crete posts. The chief objection
TO steel posts, that they are bent
by heavy stock rubbing against
them, may be overcome both by
the proper construction of the fen
ce so that the strain is transmit
ted along the line to the end posts,
and also by the use of heavier
posts. Concrete posts are COM
monty believed to be especially
durable, but to secure this quality
great care must be exercised in
the construction. Moreover, such
posts should not be used for at
least a month, or, better still, for
three months, after they have been
removed from the mold. On farms
where sand and gravel are avail
able however and where the work
may be done at season of the
wear when the labor might not
Newark post. (Newark, Del.) 1910-1969, 1916-02-16
OF ENClNG
[nment Make Study Of
Economical Methods

tiiti~iAN 4'iSNN>
Economical Methods
H., fences, PARTICULARLY in
Irth Central Safes, are very
ply replacinghose of stone,
land hedge a! the latter be-
nserviceable Where high
land, a scarity of timber,
Eh wages fir farm labor
he farmer car no longer at
p construct I.ny but wire
The extent y which this
being use : shown in a
+ report, published as Btlle-
of the department of agri-
\, Washington, which con-
he results of investigations
e cost of fencing farms in
brth Central States. In all
y States from which data
btained wire constituted
|han 70 per cent of the fenc-
td in western Dakota, Ne
!, Kansas and northern Min
the percentage Of wire was
Than SO.
general and increasing use
Y for farm fencing in this
IAhas compelled the farmer
ASder very seriously what
m will be most suitable to his
: A farm fence, says the
IN Already mentioned, should
ne the two qualities of SER
nd economy. To give salts
y service it must be con-
'H so as TO turn all kinds CT
without injury to them. To
nomical it must be built as
.y as is consistent with dur
Y. The fence that is erected
ow initial cost is not neces-
, economical, for it may be
lived.
.electing a woven-wire fence
preferable to economize by
latlng unnecessary wires
= than using a lighterweight
A fence the spacing ii
n IS too wide to turn swine
lactorily will prove quite AIDE
When only cattle, sheep, OF
IS are to be considered. Tn,
e. therefore, who keeps M
: can save money by doin,
w with wires that are not need
! ne factor for which deter
ne price of woven-wir,
weight, so that il
Newark post. (Newark, Del.) 1910-1969, 1916-02-16

ODD FELLOWS HALL
Monday--Jr. Order American Mechanics.
7.30 p. m.
Wednesday-1st and 3rd of every month,
White Clay Camp, No. 5, Woodmen Of
the World
Thursday-I. o. o. F., 7.3O p. m.
Saturday-Knights of Golden Eagle,
$50 p
Newark post. (Newark, Del.) 1910-1969, 1916-02-16
COMMITTEES

L. z. Bowen
Newark post. (Newark, Del.) 1910-1969, 1916-02-16

the department.
Whatever form of fence post is
adopted, it must be remembered
that it is very poor economy to
construct fence in which the
posts will decay before the wire
Newark post. (Newark, Del.) 1910-1969, 1916-02-16
LODGE MEETINGS

OPERA HOUSE
Aonday-Knights of Pythias, or X. of
p, 7.30 p. m.
Tuesday-Improved Order of Red Men,
7.30 p. m.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS, or s. W. NJ,
7.30 p. m.
Undergraduates Circle, 8. W. NJ,
7.3O p. m.
Frtday-Modern Woodmen of America,
No. 1ol7O, 7.aO p. m.
Newark post. (Newark, Del.) 1910-1969, 1916-02-16
NEWARK TOWN Library
BANKS

FARMERS TRUST Co. Meeting of Direc-
y, tors every Tuesday morning
NEWARK TRUST Co. Meeting of Direc-
tors every Wednesday evening at s
clock
Newark post. (Newark, Del.) 1910-1969, 1916-02-16
.prRs OF COUNCIL

Il. Hossinger 1o.
ttr,tct-Joseph Luton 'ona-
PP;;Cotnr.G. Fader, W. H. Barton
(,,[ct-E. c. Wilson, E. B.
| ! Tyeasorer-S. B. Herdman
[SSinncil--lst Minday night OF
Newark post. (Newark, Del.) 1910-1969, 1916-02-16
DIR ct O RY

Municipal TRANSFORMATION
u. M. thompson j. w. Brown
y. II. Hosslnger G. B. Evans
Joseph Dean
, Legislature Membership
j. P. Armstrong Pm. Sherwood
II. B. Wright John Pilling
VIM. H. Taylor
Newark post. (Newark, Del.) 1910-1969, 1916-02-16
BOARD OF TRADE

ID. c. Rose
Easat- 1oass; ~ :, ,l ;JJagas
f11Edward W. Cooch Z
NV. H. Taylor
Newark post. (Newark, Del.) 1910-1969, 1916-02-16
BUILDING AND LOAN Association

Secretary-W. III. Taylor
Meeting first Tuesday night of each
month
Newark post. (Newark, Del.) 1910-1969, 1916-02-16
BOARD OF EDUCATION

President-Joel s. Gilfillan
Secretary and Treasurer
Robert Gallaher, G. A. McCue, Harvey
Hoffecker, Edward L. Richards
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-07-06
In the Region Of Voulkagalui-
kai and West of Issa-
kovjivatchon.

PETROGRAD, July 6.-Russian
troops have captured the village and
railway station of Mikuliczyn, thirty
eight miles south of Stanislau, thus
cutting one Of the main Austrian lines
of communication to Lemberg and the
main railway over which General
Bothmer's Austro-German army re-
ceived supplies
Capture OF Mikuliczyn was officially
announced today after an earlier bull
Ietin had been issued, announcing the
cutting of the railway. The war Office
announced that several other Austrian
positions on the Russian left flank
were captured, indicating that practic-
ally all of the southeastern corner of
Galicia is now cleared Of Austrian
troops.
In the region of voylkagaluikai,
enemy counter attacks in close forma-
'tion were repulsed. One enemy de-
Itachment was allowed to approach to
within one hundred PAGES Of the Rus
sian positions before the S1avs opened
fre. The detachment was nearly an
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-07-06
INFANTILE PARALYSIS CASES
COUNTED BY THE HUNDREDS

The health bureau today announced
it would avail itself of that provision
in the city charter which permits
Issuance of special bonds with which
to defray the extraordinary expenses
incurred in fighting the plague. What
the experts now fear is that the cpl
demic will not spend itself for an
other month. Infantile paralysis, the
records show, attains its greatest
virlllence in August's hot weather.
An emergency call for nurses, addi-
tional physicians and volunteer san
itation workers was issued today. The
health bureau today forwarded all
pastors of churches a request for the
closing of Sunday schools and dis
continuance of all picnic plans.
Outbreak in Illinois.
SPRINGFIELD, ILL.,, July 6.-An
outbreak of infantiles paralysis, the
same dread malady which is collect
ing toll of one infant life every
hour in New York City, today assumed
alarming proportions in Illinois
Following an outbreak at Standard.
Putnam county, several days ago, adj
ditional cases were discovered today
in Ford, Franklin and LaSalle coun-
ties. Though the cases are widely
separated. state board authorities are
inclined to the belief that the out
break spread from Standard.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-07-06
Reported So Fast in New York
City That They Cannot
be Tabulated.

NEW YORK, July 6.-New York's
infantfle paralysis epidemic today
apparently spread to several nearby
cities. In the meanwhile it showed
greater virulence in the greater city
itself, breaking all records for de-
velopment Cases were reported so
fast through the night that the health
bureau announced early today tabu-
lations had net yet been completed
to show exactly how many new vic
Tins there were, but the bureau esti-
mated that the total since the start
of the scourge was now above six
hundred cases.
The most sinister fact in connec-
ton with the epidemic is that the
mortality from the disease far ex-
ceeds any previously reported in
epidemics here or in other cities. OF
the 600 cases at least $50 have been
fatal-a 25 per cent ratts. The rec
ord for New Yorks most fatal pre-
vious visitation of the child's disease
-in 1907-was less than 20 per cent.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-07-06
TWO MILLIONS
NEAR STARVATION
Mexican Army Has Plenty of
Food, but Civilians Are
Destitute and
Hungry.
CONDITIONS DESPERATE
Men Are Glad 20 Enlist Rather Than
starve to Death and Thousands
Of Them Have Been
Recruited.
CONDITIONS DESPERATE

EAGLE PASS, Texas. uly Cat
least two million men, women and
children in Mexico are on the verge
of starvation, according to Jose F.
Martinez, who arrived here after
travelling two months in the southern
republic to prepare a report on condi-
tions for New York interests.
Conditions in nearly every part OF
Mexico are desperate" said Marrti-
nez. "The army has plenty OF food,
while the civilian population is desti-
tute and there is no relief in sight.
Many thousand hungry men have en-
listed rather than starve to death. "
Martinez said that Mexico is bet
ter prepared for war than generally
supposed, having accumulated mill
ions OF rounds of ammunition, Ameri-
can made, and large quantities OF
rifles in the last year.
While in Monterey Martinez had a
narrow escape from death. He was
given an hour to leave the city. He
for Saltillo from where he made his
way to Piedras Negras and Eagle
Pass.
~ q cIash With vililstas.
Ell, PASO.,.Ta Inly. se.-=RepoFta
OF Villista victory over Carranza
troops In q bloody engagement south
west of Jiminez were followed today
by statement from Manuel Medina
veita, formerly chief Of staff to
Pancho Villa, that he saw Villa last
Friday in San Baute5ta. Durango.
villa had 1900 followers with him,
Medinaveita declared to state depart
ment officials here
San Bautesta is thirty-flve miles
south Of Parral.
The heroic death of General Ignacio
Ramos at the head Of his Carranzista
soldiers was related in reports stating
that the villistas thrice we're beaten
back from the edge of entrenchments.
Crack regiments of the defacto gov
ernment's northern army are said to
have been launched on campaign to
wipe out the villistas. However, the
bandits defeated a smaller force of
Carranzistas at Corral, southwest of
Jiminez, while defacto retnforcements
were delayed by wreck.
Several Pennsylvania regiments ar
rived in Ell Paso last night and went
into camp with portion of the Mas
sachusetts contingent at Camps Cot
ton and Pershing. The New Jersey
battalions have been sent west to Arl-
zona border points.
Ambulance company No. 1 of Bos-
ton in camp here, expects to receive
motor vehicles and the distinction OF
being the first to discard horse drawn
ambulances. Captain Bryan said
gasoline cars could not bring back
his comb which melted in the rays Of
Yesterdays sun. The thermometer
registered 104 degrees in the shade.
Therefore two dozen pairs Of box
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-07-06
O(|M|h|CANS
KILLED By
AMERICANS
Twenty-seven Native Rebels
Shot Down and
Many Others Are
Wounded.
ONE AMERICAN DEAD
A Brush With RevoIutionists
Near Santiago Resulted
In Blood Being
Spilled.
ONE AMERICAN DEAD

WASHINGTON July 6.-Routing
250 revolutionists, killing twenty
seven and capturing five, the Ameri-
can forces advancing on Santiago.
San Domingo, last Saturday suffered
casualties of one killed, one seriously
wounded and seven slightly hurt
George Frazee was the dead
American.
Frazee's home was at Cannon City,
Colo.
Private J. e. Daley, Bookersville,
KY. was the seriously wounded man.
Those slightly wounded were: r.
d. Putnam, Jeffersonton, Va; Cor
poral Oscar J. johnson, La Crosse,
Wis; Corporal ]. A. CLOWN, Detroit,
Mich; Drummer G. E. Merriwether,
Louisville, KY; Private w. F. John
son, Shelby, Mich: Private C. Oates,
Seattle; Private F. r. Pain, Mime
apolis.
The Americans under Colonel Penn
bleton engaged the rebels at Guaya-
canes.
The rebels were entrenched in a
strongly concealed position. and this
prevented the Americans from using
their artillery in the advance. The
enemy outposts opened fire, but the
Americans, though taken by surprise,
made sharp attack, soon driving
out the Dominicans in disorder.
The number of the rebel wounded
could not be ascertained.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-07-06
HARVEST HANDS
NOT ALL AT WAR
Call of the Militia Took City
Men and Not Many From
the Farming
Districts.
WILL HAVE NO EFFECT
Crops In Middle Western States Can
BE Laid BY With Help
Remaining at
Home.
WILL HAVE NO EFFECT

DIES MONIES. Iowa, July Co.
Mobilization of 4,50O Iowa guards.
men, nearly all from cities and towns
will have no effect upon the harvess
hand situation in Iowa where corn Is
the principal crop. Enough farm Ia
bcr Is on hand to handle the hay, oats
and wheat crop as they come on.
Corn is laid by in the southern half
of the state and the hot days Of tho
past week has caused rapid growth
and indications point to a good crop.
Sufficient Men.
TOPEKA, Kansas, July 6-Kansas
has sufficient men for the harvest
Outside help is not needed, Labor
Commissioner Mcbride said today,
despite the militia mobilization. The
men who left Kansas for the border
were nearly all from the cities-har-
vesters among them were few.
Harvesting in southern Kansas and
all through Oklahoma is practically
completed. Hands are moving to the
northern part Of the state and will
supply the demand for labor there by
the time wheat is ready for cutting.
The hot, dry weather made It poo
siblc to cut much wheat and let II
lay where ''shDckor3" wore scnrce
Scattered showers caused some local
damage to the wheat that was down.
Ability to handle the crop this year
IS due partly to the decreased acre
age.
Need 5000 Men.
LINCOLN, Neb., July 6.-Whfle
some CT Nebraska's harvest hands
have been taken for militia service,
the loss is not heavy and it Is believ-
ed it will easily be made up by the
importations from outside the state.
Most Of the militiamen are boys from
the towns.
Last year the state labor bureau
issued call for 1000 harvest hands
from out of the state. About 5000
harvesters responded. This year it
will take about the same number to
handle the crop which Is considered
excellent. The weather in the early
part of the season prevented too much
growth of stalk and the late rains
worked for good development OF the
heads. Both wheat and oats condi-
tions have been excellent. The acre.
age this season, however, Is not quite
as great as last year. Wheat harvest
has already started in Nebraska
Cutting has been going on for over
a week in southeastern Nebraska ami
Is generally working north. Within
a few days most of the crop in the
south Platte territory will be in tho
shock.
Few Boys From Farm.
CHICAGO, July 6.-The great grain
states of the middle west prepared for
the summer and autumn harvests to-
day with no fear Of shortage of
farm hands because Of the militia
mobilization.
Reports from Kansas. Iowa, Ne
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-07-06
Massachusetts and New Mexico
Guardsmen Get First
Glimpse of
Country.
AS GUARD TO TRUCKS
Border Dust Storm Sent Binding
AlkalI Into Camp Where
Volunteer Soldiers
Suffered.
IBy Webb g. Miller, United Press
Staff Correspondent

ITBy Webb g. Miller, United Press
Staff Correspondent
COLUMBUS, N. M, July GA por-
ton of the Massachusetts, and New
Mexico militia stationed here may be
sent into Mexico today as guards for
motor truck trains to General Perish
ing's base camp near Colonia Dublan.
The trip across the border will be
one of the hardships for the civilian
soldiers. The smothering aIkali dust
kicked up by the trucks, the jolting
| has wtlted the most hardened regu.
lars on their trips. Yesterday east.
ern militiamen got their taste OF q
border dust storm. A hard wind
!swcpt blinding alkali dust through
their camp throughout most Of the
day, fiIlfng mems eyes ana causing
| them considerable suffering With
out goggles they could not leave their
tents.
At supper time the wind blew food
from plates or covered It with fine
dust. The storm tore an aeroplane
from its moorings. damaging 1t slight
lily. Throughout the night. troop
trains carrying eastern militiamen to
border points farther west, passed
through Columbus. From the office
Of the military censor WHICH auIIOuAC~
ed the probable movement OF mill
tiamen into Mexico, today came word
to the newspaper correspondents that
no mention of the number OF men or
names of their regiments would be al
lowed.
In the camp OF the guardsmen. JOY
followed the promise of active service
Much rivalry was manifested between
the Massachusetts and New Mexico
units and their captains for the COW
eted assignment. Little knots gather
ed in camp streets and talked over
their luck
Before the sand storm forced
abandonment of all activities, Major
c.. s. Farnsworth commandant OF the
base completed field inspection of
the entire eastern guardsmen here.
"They are generally very well equip
ped" said Farnsworth. "The guns
are in good condition"
Within few days the milittamen
will be refitted with the olive drab
cotton uniforms issued in tropical SER
vice. At present the men have woolen
uniforms which add to the d1scom-
forts of the intense heat.
A rifle range is being prepared on
the edge of camp for practice by the
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-07-06
[vERDUN CATHEDRAL
WAS B0MBARDEO.
Germans Use Large Shells on
Church in Violent
Attack During
Night.
|DUELs OF ARTILLERY
Trench, Occupied by French Soldiers,
Was Found to BE Full
Of German
Dead.
DUELs OF ARTILLERY

PARIS, July 6.-verdun cathedral
was heavily bombarded by the Ger
mans last night with large shells, the
war Office announced today.
Though violent commandments oc-
Cured on the Verdun front, the Ger
mans did not resume their infantry
attacks.
The Germans bombaried French
second line trenches near Chattan-
court, west of the Meuse. On the
east bank artillery duels continued
on the sectors of Fluery and the
Fumin wood.
In Alsace a French detachment
penetrated a trench near Burhaupt
which was found to be full of dead
Germans.
The lul1 in the fighting south Of
the Somme last night was probably
due to the necessity for further artil-
lery preparation before the French
resume their advance on Peronne.
Since the French advance south Of
the river began last Saturday morn
ing, General Foch's troops have TAX
en- the German second lines on wide
front, but now face new and strong
defensive positions before Peronne.
With French troops now almost in
the outskirts Of Peronne, the Ger
mans are reinforcing heavily, par
ticularly on their right flank, north
west of the village. Southwest of
Peronne heavy fighting occurred yes
terday in which French cavalry took
part and the famous French "75's''
did terrible execution.
One cavalry detachment, breaking
through gap in the German line,
actually approached close to the
PeronneIC IChaulnes railway, before be-
ing driven back by German fire.
So rapid was the French advance
south of the Somme in the early
stages of the fighting that German
detachments were cut eff during the
night in some instances and sur
rounded before they knew they were
under attack. A French company
which cut off the avenues Of retreat
from one German trench, found sew
eral of the occupants asleep in their
dugouts.
The region south of the Somme,
over which the French are now ad-
vancing, is full of historic interest.
In the village Of Barleaux. south
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-07-06
Reported to Have Arrived
With General Staff at
the Somme Front
Today.
TO STEM THE ADVANCE
British Must BE Stopped at All Costs
In the Offensive Against
the German
Armies.
[By Ed. L. Keen, United Press Staff
Correspondent

lby Ed. II. heen, UnlLeQ EreSS quail
Correspondent
LONDON, July 6.-The kaiser Is
reported to have arrived on the
Somme front accompanied by men,
bers of his general staff, who will
direct the defense of the German lines
in the great allied offensive.
An Amsterdam dispatch today re-
ported the kaiser's arrival and said
he had established headquarters near
the front and not far from Cambrai
and opposite the British front.
Great bodies of German troops are
being massed between the Ancre and
the Somme to stem the British ad-
vance Allied flyers report the con-
slant arrival OF troop trains and Hol-
land dispatches today confirmed re-
ports of heavy concentrations behind
the British lines from Ypres to the
Somme.
There is every Indication that the
Germans will launch very heavy
counter attack against the British
lines within seventy-two bours- The
object will be not only to stifle the
British offensive, but to prevent a
further advance by the French, who
cannot continue the drive eastward
if the British lines on their left are
bent back. The German blow may
fall anywhere along the British front
All dispatches from Berlin today
emphasized the kaiser's determine
tion to halt the British early in the
attack at all costs. The German
newspapers, paying scant attention
to the French success south of the
Somme, express elation over the fact
that the momentum of the British
advance has been checked. The more
sober minded German critics, how
ever. give warning that tie battle is
only beginning and that regardless
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-07-06
kitchin Was Frank.

WASHINGTON, July 6.-After the
house had agreed to vote Monday on
the administration revenue bill.
Leader Kitchin this afternoon opened
debate on the measure in a speech
remarkable for its frankness. He
made plain, while earnestly advocat-
ing the bills passage. that his feeling
toward the white house has not grown
friendly.