davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02
BALLOT RIGHTS QUESTIONED
FOR NOT REPORTINS DEN

Parsston, S. n. Nov. THAT fail
ure to. file an itemized account of cam
Patgn expenses under the South Dakota
corrupt practices act is not sufficient
70 bar a candidate from a place on the
Daiiot at the general election is the
opinloh OF Judge Robert B. Tripp. Of
hanktoa. ruling Oh a mandamus sui,
Drought by William Bartling and Frel
5duinan, OF Hutchinson county.
Cnde the statute candidates are re-
CURED to file their expense accounts
Mltnil so days after the primary
eieetlo,i, any failing to follow this pro
VISION being liable to lose the office in
q contest. Following the law the audi
.or OF Hutchinson county refused TO file
ule names of the two men, who were
i n%ohinated on the republican ticket
iast May. a mandamus suit was
piousht n slst, incd by Judge Tripp,
WHO ruled that il was not in the bro,
vince of the auditor to teter,nine
Mhether or not Il candidate had n right
IN q baiiot when his nominating bai-
lot Wa2 sufficient on the face of it.
.Notlce OF appeal has been given to
ane supreme court. AS Mr.. Bauman is
a canaiaate for the state senate his
Iase can be decided only by the, legis.
'
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02
FLAkDREAU HERALD SOLD
TO THEODORE ERIckeoN

~Flandreau. S. D. Oct. 3O.-The Elan
dreau Herald "a been sold to Theo-
dore Erickson. George Harter, who
Dough the paper from P. F.. Leyins.
took possession of it a little over two
years ago. Theodore Erickson has
been farming in this county for the
last three or four years He is a gradu-
ate from the Minnesota law school.
put for several ear was engaged in
newspaper work.
WESSINGTON-There was a good At
tendance at the 18th annual convention OF
The Rebekah lodges of the Ninth district
held in this city. All the lodges of the
district We're represented. The following
officers syese e.seted for the coming year.
PRO Ut. Mrs. jarmuth. of ST. Lawrence:
Wise o,esident. Miss Maude Anderson.
Washington; warden. Mrs. Roy Barber.
Wolsey; conductor. Mrs. F. e. Wurf,l.
Huron chaplain, Mrs. Mabel Smith.
hitchcock. Huron was selected as the
place for holding the next annual district
convention. @
PIERRE-Killing rattlesnakes as a com
nercial proposition may soon eliminate
these reptiles from South Dakota. Two
Observation-Disclosures look upon the snakes IA
a commercial venture, and searching n
dog town near that place killed about 100.
which were skinned and the hides retained
Tor tanning, while the meat wa fried ont
for the oil. which brings a good price on
sthe markct.
IPSWICH-At the annual convention al
the Edmunds County Sunday School al
ISOLATION, held In. tits city Eas EoAlouin
officers were elected: Rrssidsitt, Rev. E.
rrsfetheren. psSafsa'sss; Vice peessdsls rev.
tx oscoe NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.
MtssSEaaia4a hits,s ss9ts:s
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02
Reported Gigantic Blow Soon
Will Be Delivered In VOL
hynia to Relieve Pressure
Menacing Bucharest.
TEUToNs STILL GAINING
Advance Further on Dobrudja
Front While Clearing Car
patAian Barriers TO Plains
Leading to Capital.

London, Oct. 3o.-A telegram re-
ceivcd in Rome from, a German source
reports there arc indications of tho ba-
sianing of a tremendous now Russian
offensive in Galicia and Poland. says u
dispatch from the Italian capital re-
ceiNcd by the wireless press.
The Teutonic drive against Rllmania
continues with little diminished velo-
Getty. new cussesscs f., both Field
Marshal Won MaclSensen and General
Won talkenNn. being announces.
HirSova on the Danube was occupied
by the Eulgarians.
Yesterdays official statements &c
ported Field Marshal Won Mac,on-
sens advance forces 20 have reached
this district. whence their lin"
stretches across Do5rudia, 80 to 81
iailes north of the Observation-Disclosures
Nod;. railway, to Casapkeui on the
Slack sea side.
Accor{-ng 10 unofficial reports frorT
PetroGrad Il rotahle advance has hnru
made by the hustro-Geruan forces in,
fading Eumania from the nort2l. iinn
Won Faliienhayn's forces are now said
TO have reached Campulung. 80 miles
soUti of the R%urnanian frontier. l1ror?
i"mpulung the plain stretches away
toward Bucharest, so miles distant.
Berlin. (wireless to ~Sayviuo). oct. 70.
The Russians have renewed their al.
tacks on the Austro-Gernlan lines we~t-
OF Lutsk (Volllynia> the war office an.
nounced today delivering an assault
yesterday after two cavs' artillor3
preparation in the vicinity of Zaturzc
me attack, according to the Official
statement failed completely Wits
neaVy losses to the Russians.
Berlin. Oct. 30.-iby wireless to Say
vliie) ,-Ie1tonic troops have won a vic
tofV IN the Donna Watre region, near tho
Junction point of the frontiers of Bulk
oWlna. PENNSYLVANIA and Ru1nania. ac-
cofdlng to todaN's war office announcc-
ment. Austrc-Hunearian forces cap
tufed several heights from the Rue
SLAMS at the point Of the bayonet and
TOOK more than 500 prisoners.
On the northern frontier Of Rumania.
Austro-German forces captured from
the RunaEians a. height in the re-
g1on of Kronstadt. and extended
thel" advance in the PartZuga valley.
Ieuton-Rulrar-Turkish forces under
command Of Field Manshal Won Mack
en"2n continued their pursuit OF the
Russians and Runanians in northern
DobrudJa. says the official statemenS
issued at German army headquarters
today. The forces of the central powers
and their allies are meeting with little
resistance it is declared. Five hundred
isolated soldiers have been taken pris-
oners and several munition columns
and other var material have been cap
tured.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02
MORE SHIPS SUNG
Important Quarry Is
Occupied By French

Paris, Oct. es.-French forces in the.
region Of sverdun last night captured
by the use OF hand grenades the quarry
held by the Germans, to the
OF Tort Douaumont, it was offici.1I,
bounced by the French wal dena,tmant
today. A brisk artillery duel continues
in the region of Douaumont.
On the somme front last night. the
statement Odds. there was an intern,ite
tent artillery bombardment.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02
Heavy Infantry Battles
Reported on Somme Erar3

Berlin. Oct. 2S.-(by wireless to Saw
vii.e)-~ infantry engagements between
the ,Aixlo-French and German forces
on tHa north bank of the Somme river
OCEAN anew Yesterday. says the official
statement issued today by the German
army headquarters staff. Preceded by
a strong artillery preparation, the
statement adds. the British troops at
tackled across the line of G~ueudecour
and Lesboeufs while the French moved
onward in the direction of Morval.
Ihe An2lo-French attacks were re-
pulsed by artillery and machine gun
fire ami northeast of Morval they we're
driven back by the Germans after
bayonet fighting. All the German posi-
tons were maintained the
ment declares.
north g! Verdun. there We're renewed,
heavy engagements which were sI,c-
cessful Tor the Germans. according TO
the German headquarters. French
forces attacked from ThiauInont work
and on both sides of the Fort Douan-
mont ard in the Fumin wood, An tho
attacks are said to have been broken
down in front of the German oosi-
tons with heavy losses to the French.
MORE SHIPS SUNK,
London, Oct. 2S.-The Norwegian
steamer Bygdo has been sunk Off
Christiania. Norway. nj her crew has
been landed, says a Lloyd's agency die
patch. The same agency report. that
the British steam trawler Fuchsia has-
been sunk and her crew imprisoned in
Germany. The Norwegian steamer
Fritzoe. while bound from Larvik Nor
way, to London, with a cargo of boards
mas been taken to Cuxhaven.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02

The increasing value Of tungsten is
now making it possible for many aban-
doned gold mines in whose pits that
metal also is found to reopen, running
at a generous profit on the combined
yield of the two products. Heaps OF
formerly discarded ore also give good
returns, assaying in cases as high as
40 per cent tungsten.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02
RESPONDENT OVER FINANCES
FARMER COMMITS

I 5. D.. Nov. 1.-While despond-
en- over financial matters, Josil CON
ners, prominent farmer OF Clark
80, 1917 residing On the Logan farm.
me contents Of a bottle OF poison.
riHahcltt matters had been pressing.
aohilers sor several years and, Gnab,a
irunseI TO endure The worry. lie Killed
Conner LEFT the house in the morn.
ing, supposedly to go to a ~neighboY's
"a response TO a telephone request, but
wen tae neishbor teleplone1 again
= lsW Y laier asking why the MAJ:
hahh : showed Up. his wife started al,
investigation. She found him - ts,a
moments after. lying dead on the barr
tioof. Reside the dead bocy IF he.
husband Mrs. Corners found a note.
aai said: 4 don't know why / an,
dolng this--I must be 4
Son.lers had been married only n fev.
Years n was devoted to his wife.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02

The Lake of Xochimilco, Fear the
City of Mexico. is nearly covered with
floating gardens called chinampas. on
which are cultivated vegetables n
flowers for the city markets. They are
formed of floating masses of water
plants covered with soil and secured
by poplar stakes The latter take root
and surround the island with living
hedges.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02
MN WHO BROKE JAIL in 1ei,
CAPTURED In WASHiNcTCn

~Rrookings. S. D.. NOV. 1.-After 4,
.earcii extending over a PERIOD of five
years, Sheriff MINER, OF Brookinsa
county; has located James Donovan.
aIias FRANK Lotus, who escaped from
sne county jail q few day.i
aItcf being arrested In January, 1911,
OF the charge Of having robbed the
lostofflces at White and Bushnell. Ee
VAS n or the expert Inc
SAFE blowers who operated IN the state
81 ina time. rohhing postoffices and
panFs. Sheriff MINER has been adj
s.sed mat the fugitive is under arrest
az seattle, Wash, on the charge of bur
glaTy. If he is not convicted at Sc
title. he will be brought back to South
Dakota and tried on the charges pend
ms against him In Rroo,ings county.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS to pull his gun
from q boat in which he had been hunt.
ling ducks, Harry Boland, of this place
received a fnll charge from the weapor
N his right forearm. An examination re-
vealed that the bone was not shattered.
MOUNT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS was re-
ceived here OF the death in1New Mexico
rf George Strcrabeck, a former business
man VI Mount Vernon. Death resulted
rem tuberculosis. OF which he had been
q victim for some years. He for a num-.
/ hergof wears Was engaged In the furniture
business IN Mount Vernon. which he
finally sold out. going tosthe northern part
al the state, some months ago he went
p New Mexicosin the hope of having his
health improved
MITEHELI--wlYe South Central Asso.
e~'ationsof CONGREGATIONAL churches. com
prising all of the churches Of the demon
t~nattonSfn this part of he stGte. Will Smeei
En- Mitchell on. Tuesday and SNeddHeadas
et rest xsskt
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02

For polishing shoes an English in
ventor has patented apparatus in
which a band Of cloth is pulled back
and forth by wooden arms, long enough
10. u person to manipulate them with
out stopping.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02

A lew weeks ago Miss Dorothy Will
liams, Of Warrington, w. Va, wrote her
name on a railroad car standing on a
side track. The car CHANGED to pass
through Rochester, N. Y, where Leon
E. Passmore was employed. He wrote
n letter to Miss Williams. A court
ship by mail resulted in their marriage.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02

Gilbert Stuart. the painter. once said
Of his favorite subject: There We're
features in Wa~shington's face totally
different from what | nave observed in
any other human being; the sockets of
the eyes. for instance, were larger thar
| ever met with before. and the upper
part of the nose broader. All his fea-
lures were indicative of strong pas
sion, yet. like Socrates. his judgment
and great self command made him APP
pear a man of different class in the
ewes of the world.'
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02
EDITOR DoTsoN, SIOUX FALLS,
STRIKES RICHARD r. PETTIGRFW

Sioux Falls, S. D., Oct. So.-When
former United States Senator r. r..
Pettigrew refused to retract a state
ment over his signature in a local
weekly newspaper that c.. L. Dotson,
publisher of the Sioux Falls Press wa.;
a man without character Mr.. Dot
son struck Pettigrew. The encounter
occurred in the street in front of he
Press office.
Mr.. Pettigrew has been using he
columns of a weekly paper here for a
series of bitter personal attacks on Mr..
Dotson. Not until yesterday, when the
attacks assailed Mr.. Dotson's charac-
Ter, was any action taken.
Mr.. Dotson accosted Mr.. Pettigrew
IN the street and asked the meaning Of
the attacks. Mr.. Pettigrew turned to
go without reply when Mr.. Dotson
seized his collar. Mr.. Pettigrew would
not talk, and Mr.. Dotson shook him
and brought him to the sidewalk. He
then demanded e retraction, and upon
~Pettigrew's refusal, he struck him.
No arrests were made. Pettigrew in
a statement to the afternoon papers
asserted h a he was struck from be-
mind. Mr.. Dotson stated in his paper
This morning that he struck Pettigrew
only after the latter refused to make a
~retraction.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02

The Philippines assembly has put up
a substantial prize for a means OF de-
stroying a tobacco insect pest without
injuring the tobacco.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02

A Frenchman has invented a smoke
consume for kitchen ranges that adj
mits air, superheats it and, combining
it with the coal gas and dust. causes
them to burn.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02

A memorial erected to the memory
of wireless operators who have been
lost with their ships, has been dedi-
Gated at New York.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02

There is a material decrease in the
number of public vehicles plying the
streets of London, as compared with
two years ago.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02

Safety first" signs are placed In
hemispherical bases. so they right
themselves in case they are knocked
out of place by passing vehicles.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02

Revolution indicators for %aeroplane
motors have been invented by an Eng
lishman to enable an aviator to esti-
mate roughly his speed and distance
travelled.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02

Under the operation of a new drain
age law, Prince Edward island is ex-
pected to increase it's farm values by
$4,000, 000.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02

An electrically operated washing ma
chine has been invented that also dries
clothes by centrifugal force without re-
moving them.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02

The towers OF the Panama cathedral
are rooted with pearl shells. which re-
fleet the sunlight SO that they can be
seen far out at sea.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02

To prevent a shade Tapping when a
window is opened an inventor has COM
bined a holder clip and q rubber
acnum cup.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02
London,s Electric Service.

London probably has a more compli-
Gated system OF electric light service
h any other city in the wcrld. The
city is served from a number Of dir
ferent plants operating at different
generating stations under "a ant,or
ties. Energy is generated at 80 differ
ent yoltages and 10 different frequen-
cies and delivered at "a different
yoltageS. Nb
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02

4 combination lock to encircle an
umbrella and prevent its being opened
by a person ignorant of the combina-
ton has been invented by a London
safe attendant,
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02

II surrender" yelled a New York
city burglar while he was being choked
by Mrs. Murray. who had always said a
housebreaker would cause her to faint.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02

OF one of the visits the Empress
Eugene made to the Paris hospitals
during the cholera plague that afflicted
France in 1863 the following pretty in
sider: is old Al the Hospital Beau
jon the empress took the hand of a
dying victim. Who, installing her tden-
tity. kissed her hand n
Il thank you. sister, The nun who
accompanied the empress whispered:
You are mistaken. friend. it is not l.
but our good empress who speaks,
Nay. sister" retorted the empress
quickly. "he has given me the sweet
est of all names
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02

A meteorite weighing about 20 tons
IS reported to have fallen recently at
Bezerros. In the state of Pernambuco,
Brazil.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02

John Edart, while paving a street Iii,
Rutland, VT. with vitrified brick, laid
22.o00 bricks. weighing 101 tons, insl1Is
hours.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02

An English inventor has patented a
device TO push a printers hands out
Of danger while feeding a platen press.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02

An arm chair from which the seat
can be extended to form a crib for a
baby has been patented by a Baltimore
woman
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02
SOUTH DAKOTA RANKS
Low IN TAX EXPENSE:
Has Lowest Mill Rate In North
G.a&ral Group-second Lcw
Ia Per Capita Rate.

Pierre. S. y, Oct. 2S.-The financial
statistics of states, compiled by the
federal census bureau for the year 1915,
is just out, showing some interesting
figures relating to the north central
states. and examination of these figures
shows that in the group Composed OF
Minnesota, Iowa. Missouri, North ard.
South Dakota, Nebraska INC kansas,
that the per capita tax in South Dakota.
Tor state affairs is next to the lowest OF
any, being $1.9O. That of Missouri is
lowest at SLIT. In north Dakota it is
Sl.9G; in Nebraska, S3.05; in Kansas,
sos; in Iowa, S2.7S; and in Minnesota,
1882
The cost of operating the state gov
eminent in these states is also of in
tero$t. the tables below showing in the
first coiinun the cost of state govern
ment Including state institutions and
support given IT, state institutions, and
the second column showing the cost OF
state government proper, without the
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02

Il is said Jonas Hopkins, d farmer 81
Fftzwilliam, n. HI. has grated roses
on mn apple tree.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02

Bread as daily food Is eaten by about
9ne-thfrd Of the earth's population. IN
many countries rice is the chief food.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02

Gold fields in northeastern Siberia
that have not been operated in nearly
10 years have been reopened.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02

The Russian government win build
an iodine factory at V~ladiyostok. uti-
iizing the vast supplies OF seaweed that
grow in that vicinity.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02

Thee are about 10, 900 electric trucks
and wagons In service In the United
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02

%SsM enss shoes fastened with pieces e
.prltsg lllssals instead . flaces have been
~nYknfeds ~ s@S ~
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02

Theafirst experiment in Japanain TIE
ii~innu1actnre Of artificial silk is being
tried at Yonexawa.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02

japan has a gold fish farm that has
been In sonttnlou operation since 1703
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02

average wage 81 plumbers
throughout h country is SIS 8 an
etghtrflour day.
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02

ExtensiNesa apsftH of coal have been
s0lseoTeredstn Congo u Belgian eisgt-
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02
CHICKEN BUYERS CIRCULATE
MANY WORTHLESS CHECKS

Watertown, S. D., Oct. 2S.-Checks
held by scores Of farmers in Codington
and surrounding counties, said to reach
a total of approximately $4,000 and
written by a man claiming to be S. F..
Smith, Of S. T. Smith & Company. buv-
ers OF poultry, cannot be ashed There
is no money in Watertown banks TO
Smiths credit and meanwhile Smith
himself has disappeared. A search is
being conducted for the missing man.
SIOUX FALLS-In the $4,000 damage
suit of M. Sultan as administrator of the
estate of Karel Zane, deceased, In which
the estate sought to recover damages in
the sum stated from the Morrell Packing
company, of Sioux Falls, Judge Elliott d.
rected that a verdict be returned in favor
OF the defendant mpan and this was
done. Zane, while employed by the pack
Ing company, fell down an elevator shaft
In the plant Of the company and received
injuries Which caused his death. It was
held that the company was in no way re-
sponsible for the accident.
CONGRATULATIONS here have
been advised that Charles N. Madden. q
former attorney of Centerville, but now
a resident of Missoula, Mont, Is a non
partisan candidate for election to the Of
fee Of judge of the district court of his
district in Montana. While a resident Of
Centerville he was prominent In temper
ance work here and elsewhere through the
state. He left Centerville about 10 years
ago and took UP his residence at Missoula.
RAPID CITY-To drop in an automobile
off an embankment about 10 feet high and
to have the car land right side up and
firmly enough on its four wheels and not
tip over was the experience of Rol1a
Marsh, democratic candidate for treasurer
in this county, and William F. S~,rns.
democratic candidate for county auditor
The two men had been campaigning in the
county and were returning to Rapid City
about 8 o'clock in the evening when the
accident happened.
MONTROSE-As the result OF a sudden
attack OF heart trouble. Mark Jarvis Gro
gan. a well known resident Of this region.
died at the family home in this city. Only
the evening before he had returned with
a party of friends from an ~auton1ohiIa
trip to Lake Madison. During the night
he arose from bed, was attacked by heart
trouble and fell to the floor dead. He "a
survived by a widow and six children. Ha
was 40 years old.
AVON-While playing with u rifle at the
home of his sister, Francis Wittenmeyer
| aged 8, was accidentally shot and ounda
nnd died a short time later. He had se-
cured the rife without the knowledge Of
his sister or members of her family. and
had injected q cartridge from the maya
zine into the barrel. In doing this he
had cooked the weapon and in placing If
back on the peg where It was kept it was
discharged, the bullet entering his BODY.
NM LHEM
The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1916-11-02

The following tables show the as
sessment in each Of this group for 1915,
and the tax rate per $1,000 of asses@-
lowest to V IL to.