davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-04-02
Bootjacks.

Fdnm the Chicago Tribune.
The other day the editor of the Ohio
State Journal. a gentleman with pleas
ant recollections Of before the war Gus
tom, habit and social usage in Ameri-
can life. wanted bootjack and tried to
buy one, only to find that none could
be bought.
man whose memory of other customs
was lively and loving and indicated
that the whole picture of American life
had changed. If the bootjacks have
gone, the boots must have. and if the
boots have then a whole range of out
door activities have disappeared.
To see bootjack would bring them
all back. the rustic or semi-rustic activ-
tiles of the little American commune
ties in which the day was begun by
getting up in the cold and building a
fire and was ended by getting the boot
jack and dragging tightly Imprisoned
feet out of stubborn boots.
The bootjack is the symbol of bad
roads, faulty means of communication
community and family isolation, mar
rowed but healthy amusements bad
ly as ambrosial, bad taste in all the
material circumstances of life which
we now recall sentimentally as quaint
The bOotjack was one Of the most
highly complicated pieces of domestic
mechanism, less than two generations
from this one. which lives by turning
electric switches and pressing buttons.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-04-02
WESTERN ARENA.
Chronological Events.
SUNDAY.

SCNDA Y.
British repulse German attack near
Melville.
Germans claim repulse of French
south of Rheims.
Hand to hand struggles between
Germans and French south of Fort
Douaumont in Verdun section
Heavy cannonading continues on
both east and west banks of the Meuse
French claim repulse of two German
attacks against trenches at Croix des
Carmes.
MONDAY
British forces capture 500 yards Of
German trenches in St. Eloi region,
near Ypres.
British advance northeast of Albert
reported repulsed.
Paris reports failure of German at
tackS near Maucourt.
Intense bonn ba rdment of Bethincourt,
lie Mort Homme and Cumierres is re-
ported.
French shell enemy station at Heudi-
court.
French in surprise attack destroy
German trench in forest of Parroy, in
Lorraine.
TUESDAY,
French report repulse of determined
herman attack over wide 'front.' In
Haucourt, Bethincourt sector.
Berlin reports lively fighting with
British about St Eoi.
Fierce artillery actions reported over
whole front
Germans claim capture of several
lines Of French trenches north of
Malancourt. French report repulse of
enemy.
WEDNESDAY,
French claim repulse of German at
tacks in Avocourt wood
Germans gain footing in the village
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-04-02
EASTERN ARENA.
Chronological Events.
SUNDAY.

oCNbA
Germans drop twenty bombs on
Dvinsk.
Russians take two lines of German
trenches after desperate fight in Pos
tavy region.
Desperate fight between Lakes Mar
ocz and Nichnevskoie.
Germans lombard Stolbtzi and koid-
anovo.
MONDAY.
Austrians report repulse of Russian
attacks north of Bojana, but Petro-
grad claims capture of two lines OF
trenches and humiliation of defenders
German attack near Nargunek re-
Battle about Postavy continues, furi-
Gus attacks and counter attacks being
made.
Germans occupy wood west of Lake
NarocZ.
TUESDAY.
German f1iers shell Molodechno.
Berlin places Russian losses in fight
ing along northern section of battle
line at 10000
Berlin reports repulse of all enemy
attacks near PoStaVy.
WEDNESDAY,
Russians dislodge Germans from
Narocz region.
German fliers shell Politzy and Loun-
metz station.
Russians claim repulses for enemy in
middle Stripa region.
THURSDAY.
Russians repulse German attacks
near village of Epuku, in River Old
evnitz region and south of Vidzy.
Russians bring down enemy aero in
the Trembowla district
FRIDAY.
Germans attack at Rome, south OF
Neuselbourg, but are repulsed by the
Russians.
German attack south of Mokritza
fails.
Teuton f1iers shell Podorieltzy, Pol
itZy, Antanovska, Lounietz and Sim
icksiniavka.
Russians annihilate Austrian detach-
ment west of Czartorysk and south OF
Rakimno.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-04-02
WOMEN MAKING MUNITIONS.
Few Men Employed in Great Eng.
lish Ammunition Factory.

From the London Chronicle.
One thing struck me very forcibly-
the small number of men employed at
the works. 1 did not see single man do
ing work that could have been done by a
woman. 1 believe the Labour Exchange
Bureaux have supplied them with many
of their woman workers. and though, of
course, very many of them are quite in
experienced and new to their work,
they seemed to be managed pretty WELL
There are men to attend to the fur
naces. men to carry the heavy loads,
men to start and to attend the machines.
but everything else seems to be done by
women.
Sorting, testing. using the machines.
cleaning, packing and kindred things are
all women's jobs. Rows and rows of
women l saw sitting at machines and
nencheS, filling the great wooden cases
with the finished bullets; women in rows
everywhere, but men only in ones and
tWos here and there. 1t was somewhat
of an object-lesson in that way: it was
new and pleasing to find women able to
do so many things and so competently.
surely. when our wonderful coalition
government provides the workers to sup
ply the materials, and these and kim
dred factories need more hands to cope
with the increased work. there must be
ihdHS women OF all classes VINO Coulu
volunteer to take on this work of max
ing munitions. and thus release each a
man for service and help on the output
of munitions.
1t must be remembered. too. that the
Women's work is comparatively easy
that Is 10 say. one does not instinctively
feel how tired they must get; they are
labor1ng under almost perfect conditions.
and making very good wages. 1t is not
hard labor that is required of them, but
a mechanical and automatic efficiency.
Physical strength is not an essential for
most of the women's work. but intelli-
sence, deftness. rapidity and care only.
With the few men employed. of course.
1t is different: but. as said before, they
are only employed for the really physic-
ally hard work, and are paid accordingly.
Most of them are making twice their
peace-time earnings. and serving their
country. too, though 1 fear few of them
realize and appreciate that.
1t is a great work and a necessary one
that of supplying the munitions of war.
and every man and woman employed at
it ought to feel proud and thankful to be
allowed to do it,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-04-02
"Big Bertha" Cared For.
Measuring Mems Minds.
From the Chicago Journal.

from the Cn1cago Journal.
Aristotle knew that it is nonsense to
use the language of exact knowledge
in talking of subjects which defy
measurement. Judged by the number
Of tests" going the rounds, the old
Greek philosopher was at least 1000
years ahead Of some modern psychol-
ogists. These laxative gentlemen are
tai capacity can be measured like po-
tatoes. Hence the tests which are
served as psychological peck measures.
There is one list of questions which
is supposed to determine the exact
mental age" of the victim. and which
looked convincing until 1t was found
that. according to this formula, some
of the most successful business and
professional men were mere 9-year-
fed since. but the underlying error
of pretending to an exactness which
doesn't exist still remains.
Now there is an educational test, a
series of words which every human
being must be able to define on pen
atty of being adjudged ignorant. Two
members Of the Journal staff passed
this examination with a score Of 81
per cent. The chances are strong
that not more than one Justice on the
Supreme bench Of the United States
could do as well: yet no. one but a
fool would say that newspaper staff
is better educated than the Supreme
Court. The jurist knows law, consti-
tutions, history, the great moving
forces Of life, and knows them deeply:
the journalist Of necessity has far
less profound knowledge of rather
greater number of things.
Consider further that such a test
gives the man of words an enormous
advantage over the man of deeds. that
a dryasdust pedant could pass with
high score when painter, sculptor,
inventor or engineer might be lost
and you get some notion
of the comprehensive Stiffness of these
devices.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-04-02
A Chinese Lawyer.

From the Dayton News.
Huan Chuen Mel is the first China
man admitted to practice in the fed
eral courts. He was born in this coun-
try and attended our schools, but later
went to China to finish his education"
Then he attended Columbia University
and was graduated with honors and is
now practicing law in accordance with
all the rules and regulations of the
American bar So here's to Huan
Chuen Me1-may he serve his people
as only lawyers can.
1t Is such things as the admission of
Huan Chuen Mel to practice in our
courts that calls attention to the
greatness Of this country-to Its cos
mopolitan aspects. Other countries
are made up Of people native to the
land; here we have people from every
soil and climate. The other day when
the Eastland sank at Chicago and the
names of the victims were printed, it
was found that upon the one boat were
people of nearly all natfonalities. There
were English, French and German:
the Slavic countries: there were the
Scandinavians from Norway and Swed-
en-. And Greeks and Croatians and
and Italians and Austri-
from everywhere gathered together
upon the one vessel. intermingling as
one great family gathered from the
four quarters of the earth and from
every subdivision of every quarter. In
no other country on earth would the
same thing have unprecedented all of
the various tribes and races and clans
would have been assembled upon one
ship.
And still this is America-with Amer
lean citizens dominating and FREEDOM
mating. 1t Is not a conglomerate ma
ton of many nationalities: 1t Is a con-
crete nation of American citizens. well
the sons of all other nations,
but remaining American at all times,
and insisting upon American institu-
tons alone being established here.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-04-02
BALKAN ARENA.
Chronological Events.

SUNDAY
Austrians find Italian field guns east
of DurazZo. in Albania.
Attacks of Germans and Bulgarians
along Saloniki front reported to be
of more general character.
MONDAY.
German aeros lombard Saloniki.
Eighteen civilians killed. twenty-one
wounded. Germans lose two aeros.
TUESDAY.
Greece protests bombardment or
Saloniki by Teutonic aeros.
Allies discover organization on Island
Of Corfu to aid German submarines.
WEDNESDAY.
French aeros prevent further leu
tonic aerial bombardment Of Saioniki
Austrian f1iers shell Avlona.
THURSDAY.
Berlin reports Greek batteries on
Island of Piraeus fired British ships.
German artillery shows activity on
Saloniki front.
FRIDAY.
Skirmishes along Saloniki front re-
ported.
General Balkan situation remains
quiet.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-04-02
NEAR EAST CAMPAIGN.
Chronological Events.
SUNDAY Y.

SUNDAY.
Turks dislodged four heights in Up
per Tchoruk river region.
Russians continue advance southeast
of Bitlis.
Russians cross river Baltatchi-
Darassi in Black sea campaign
MONDAY
Russians report destruction of ten
sa ling ships on Anatolian coast
British fiers raid Turkish advance
base al Bir-el-Hossanah, 100 miles east
Of Suez.
Russians report occupation of Bal
tatchi on the Black sea coast and re-
pulse of Turk Ssh counter attacks
Petrosrad reports capture of HiZan in
Lake Can region March "a.
TUESDAY,
Russians keep up pressure against
Turks in all regions.
Petrograd reports repuise OF several
desperate Turkish counter attacks on
left banks Of the River Oghen Dere.
WEDNESDAY.
Northwest Of Mush Russians rout and
occupy Turkish positions.
Russian submarines sink Turkish
steamer and number Of sailing vessels
on Black sea coast.
THURSDAY.
Russians claim to have defeated
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-04-02

Of Malancourt.
Germans claim to have wrested mine
crater from the British near St Eloi.
French claim to have dispersed enemy
conveys between the Disc and the
Aisne.
THURSDAY
French report repulses of two Ger
man attacks in Douaumont region.
Germans make slight advance at ST.
Eloi.
British repulse Germans south Of
Boesnghe.
British admit loss of aero. French
report bringing down two German
machines. Berlin claims to have
leveled one.
French fire wrecks enemy's trench
in the Champagne.
French claim to have inflicted losses
of $1,000 on Germans in attacks about
Avocourt and Malancourt on day pre-
vious
Berlin claims repeated repulse of
French attacks in Avocourt wood.
FRIDAY
Germans gain foothold in the village
of yaux after two terrific attacks.
Teuton artillery keeps up tremendous
fire against French in Malancourt
region.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-04-02
Italy Apparently Has Won Sub
StantiaI Promises From
Larger Allies.
SEA AND LAND EVENTS
OF STRIKING CHARACTER
Russians Pressing Their Offensive.
Teutons Creep in Closer
to Verdun.

ern TANKS retreat of the French from
Nerdun section probably will be essen
tial and the Germans will have accom-
plished their mission-the capture OF
the great stronghold. Gen. Joffre, how
ever, continues to express the greatest
optimism as to the final result.
In view of this great French gener-
ais highly perfected system of
strategy, as demonstrated in the bat
tie of the Marine earlier in the war, a
counter stroke intended to be extremely
disastrous to the enemy. may be at
tempted by Gen. Joffre just at the time
the fall of Verdun is most imminent
This is the move that the allies are
awaiting and as consequence of this
added expectancy. the situation around
Verdun is endowed with dramatic 1ea-
lures.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-04-02
AUSTRO-ITALIAN ARENA.
Chronological Events.


Austrians capture Italian trench on
Valpiccolo. Rome claims recapture.
Italians take enemy trenches at Sell
leta Freikofel and Cavallo pass.
Italians bring down three fiiers, one
at Ajello. one at Grade Lagoon and one
at Prinla bridge.
Austrians gain part of Italian trench
al Grafenberg.
MONDAY.
Austrians report repulse of italian
attacks on San Michele slope and near
San MARITIME.
Battle east of SELF continues.
Austrian fliers shell railroads of Ven
eta.
Italians expel Austrians from posi-
tions on heights northwest of Gorilla.
TUESDAY.
Italians repulse enemy near Val
Piccolo.
Austrian trench in seagora section
destroyed.
Italians bring down enemy aero near
Nittrori
WEDNESDAY.
Italians report repulse of enemy on
Gorilla heights
Successful infantry counter attack
between Vermigliano and Monfalcone
reported by Rome.
Intense artillery action reported over
the whole Austro-Italian front.
THURSDAY
Italians report repuises for enemy in
Sugana valley. west of Tesobbo
Austrian trench seized by Italians
east of Seilz after desperate fight. Aus
trian counter attacks reported re-
pulsed.
Violent fighting goes on in Gorilla
sector.
Artillery duels prevail over nearly
whole front.
FRIDAY.
Bad weather conditions hinder in
fantry operations. Artillery keeps up
heavy fire over most of front.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-04-02
Same Old World.
Louisville Courier-Journal

From the Louisville Courier-Journai.
Then you can decipher these cunei-
form characters. professor
"Oh. yes"
How interesting! And what do these
tablets say?"
well. this one speaks Of Chaldean
who absconded with 10000 clam shells
Here's an elopement in Assyrian high
life, an account of grating in office
and a king declares war"
"Um. Reads exactly like q front
page Of today"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-04-02

cathedral tower standing out amid the
smoke. The barracks and other promi-
nent buildings were easily discernible
to the naked eye as the distance was
only ten miles. The city had been burn
ing FOR several days and the fire ap-
parently had almost burned itself out
shells were dropping with ominous
regularity in the vicinity of Fort Belle
Vile, on the extreme left of the pic
ture.
Thence the view swept around, taking
In the ridge crowned by Forts Marie
and Bots Bourrus, which stood out
plainly against the sky line. and the
black masses of Bourrus forest, Goose
ridge. Corbeaux wood, Dead Mans hill
and the villages of FORCES and Gu
m1ereS, to FORCES wood and Montfau-
con.
Drop Shell After Shell.
Bourrus forest. which probably con-
tains many French artillery positions,
was receiving considerable attention
from the German heavy guns on that
account. Pillars of black smoke
spouted up continually like geysers
from its depths. as the Germans drop
ped shell after shell among the trees
in their attempt to locate and silence
the French cannon.
The fire was still more intense in the
region of Hill No. 304. half hidden be-
hind Dead Mans hill. although even
here 1t had not yet attained the scale
of drum fire." which is the usual pre-
liminary to an assault.
No Evidence Of Big Losses.
The Frenchmen oddly enough are
more impressed with the work of the
German Is centimeter guns. which pelt
the trenches with pitiless hail of
ha v1yith -;
mortars whose missiles come at much
greater intervals. Prisoners who had
had few days to recover from the
demoralizing effect of the lombard
ment We're in good spirits and pro-
fessed the utmost confidence. They
mander. Gen. Petain. and hold him in
high regard. AS is so frequently the
case with prisoners, they declared the
losses of their opponents were the
evidence that the German casualties
were excessive although undoubtedly
they now are heavier than during the
earlier phases of the Verdun opera
lions.
"Big Bertha" Cared For.
A feature Of this visit to the front
was the sight of Big Bertha" one of
the jealousy guarded mortars on
which the eyes of a neutral were per-
mitted to rest for the first time Every
part of the gun was swathed and
shrouded in tarpaulin. but it's massive
proportions betrayed plainly the man.
ner Of instrument was hidden beneath.
This trip represented war corre-
spondence de luxe. the party of CORE
spondents travelling in a special sleeper
to a point behind the fighting line,
whence automobiles piloted by one who
is addressed as serene highness con-
veyed the Associated Press correspond
emit to the advanced positions.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-04-02
SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, G, April 1e1e-PART

strong Turkish force in the direction
of Bagdad, after four-hour battle.
FRIDAY,
Russians press their advantage in
operations against the Turks both in
lower Persia and near Trebizond.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-04-02

Italians in order that they may more
successfully pursue their military eff
forts in the arenas where they now
are engaged: she also has promised to
assist the government at Rome in
meeting the pressing economic prob
lens which have grown up in the past
six months and which in themselves
have materially curtailed the fervor
for war among the people of the coun-
try. England always has had the sup
plies necessary to meet this great Ital-
ian need, but German submarine activ-
tiles in the Mediterranean struck a Sc
we're blow at available shipping facili-
ties. England then pressed Portugal to
seize all informed German ships. which
she did, an act bringing on formal dec
laratons of war between that country
and the central powers. 1t is believed
that Great Britain and her allies have
gone even further than they first in
tended in the way of assisting Italy.
The fact that the Italian situation
from the standpoint of the allies has
not been always one of calm serenity
is further indicated by the announce
ment that Premier Asquith of Eng
land has arrived in Rome for the chief
purpose of reassuring the Italian gov
eminent and people that the pledges
made to King Eictor's realm will be
fulfilled The British premier also is
expected to make more complete ar
engagements for economic and financial
assistance.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-04-02
Must Be Inspected.

ut is required by army and navy
regulations that these units be in
spected once a year by medical off,
Ger of the particular service for which
they are enrolled and registered in the
office of the surgeon general for that
service. When called into active serv-
ice by the occurrence of war these
units pass actually and bodily into tho
medical service of the army or navy
and come under its exclusive control.
The American Red Cross loses all adj
ministrative authority over them. They
pass, with their entire equipment. in
the national service-with their highly
trained professional specialists, nurses,
cooks, ward attendants and adminis-
trative personnel, and the complete
equipment which has been the donation
that are complete. workable and of
inestimable value to the medical serv-
ice of the nation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-04-02
Organization Will Equip Insti-
tutions in Various Larger |!
Cities.
GO TO ARMY AND NAVY
DURING TIME OF WAR
Lessons of Present European Waa
Are Cited as Arguments for
Proposed Scheme.

Base hospitals in various cities OF the
United States are to be organized and
equipped by the American National
Red Cross to be used in time Of war.
according to Col. Jefferson r. Kean.
Medical Corps. U. S. Army. recently
assigned to the Red Cross work. Col.
Kean's plans are published in the cur
rent number of the American Red
Cross Magazine. The hospitals in time
of war would pass from Red Cross con-
troll to the army and navy. New York
Boston, Baltimore. Cleveland and
Rochester, n. Y, are suggested as be-
ing the first cities to have base
hospitals.
Col Kean quotes from a recent arti-
Gle in a New York paper by DR.. X. Con-
nell, a member of the surgical staff at
Roosevelt Hospital and surgeon Of the
list Regiment. New York National
Guard, in which, based on active ex-
perience in European war hospitals, DR..
Cornell says in part:
las most important lesson OF the
present war we should organize and
equip in time of peace series OF
civilian forward base hospitals. This
must be done in peace time, for war
falls like a wet blanket, eXtinguishing
the fires of Industrial activity in the
nation"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-04-02
Surveys Battlefront.

The Associated Press representative
was able today to survey the whole
battlefront north of Verdun. The back
ground Of the panorama was the burn
ing city of Verdun. with its squatty
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-04-02
Journey in Two Stages.

LAS stated above, the first necessity
of the wounded or sick soldier at the
front is transportation to a base hos
pital. after. of course. a first dressing,
which is given by the service of the
front. This journey is usually in two
stages-first, to an evacuation hospital,
or, as it is called by the English. a
clearing hospital, where the wounded
are sorted out and classified and where
the slightly wounded and those too
portation remain. The second stage of
the wounded mans journey is back to
the base hospital. and it will be usually
made by hospital train. boat or auto
mobile. The special function of q field
column Is to provide this transporta
tion and to care for the patients en-
route. At the base are located the base
hospitals, which will receive them and
care for them until they are cured or
convalescent.
1T is the special function of the
American Red Cross, and its most inn
portant function as far as military re-
lief is concerned, to provide these two
units. They are organized in time OF
peace and enrolled and equipped by
the American Red Cross with whatever
assistance 1t may receive from pa
base hospital is organized in connec-
ton with a large civil hospital and has
a well trained staff of civil surgeons.
physicians and nurses who know each
other and are accustomed to team
work