davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1916-12-01
AT OPERA HOUSE
Film to be Shown Through Courtesy Of
NJ Y. Conservation Commission


This afternoon and evening and
Saturday afternoon at the Benning-
ton Opera House a special one reel
film produced by the New York state
conservation commission VIII show
the raising Of ten million forest trees
each year in the state nurseries and
their planting upon fire swept and de-
nuded state land.
Saturday afternoon and evening the
liberation of carload OF elk in the
Adirondacks, through cooperation of
the Benevolent and Protective Order
of Elks with the Conservation Com
mission will be shown. This film is
of particular interest to Bennington
Elks because of the possibility of
similar work here Adv.
Evening capital news. (Boise, Idaho) 1901-1927, 1916-12-03

but aside from these he seldom has any
business acumen
The baker, on the other hand, according to
Mr; McDohald must have high degree OF
technical training, including chemistry and
physics coupled with years of apprentices
ship In the shop, and to this he must add a
proportionate degree OF skill in the manag-
ing OF his business. He has big investment
at stake and he must not only know how to
sell, but when and where to buy what prices
are right, and he must have executive ability
into the bargain, as the baking industry
today is conducted on large scale. Like
all other big business men, bakers have in
stalled cost accounting systems, so that the
Ieauers IN the industry saw the approaching
necessity for price readjustment and set
themselves to work to prepare for il
AS result OF their analysis of the situa
tlon the campaign in favor of ten-cent
loaVes which has been going on for the last
several weeks, was inaugurated This is be-
cause In baking approximately 46 per cent
OF all costs are In the nature of overhead
charges and these are proportionately less
In the larger loaf than in the small one.
Inc immediate cause for a readjustment
IN bread prices is the woeful insuficiency
OF the 1916 wheat crop coupled with the ex-
raordlnary export demanded for that cereal
growing out of the war in Europe Accord
ing to government authorities this years
acreage was only 80 per cent OF that OF 1915
and this acreage has yielded as low as 80
per cent OF the crop in great deal o. the
United States wheat lands.
Bad Winter and Dry Summer, Then Rust.
Many things combine to reduce the yield,
among them bad winter and dry summer
but most damaging of all was the black rust
which made its appearance in the Dakota
Minnesota and Montana wheat fields Black
rust to great many people is only name
but to the farmer who has staked his all in
crop of wheat it is a very real and very ugy
evil. Prof. w. G. Slower of the Ohio State
University, one of the grain experts of the
Middle West, says rust is a fungus growth
OF very simple structure and parastical
habit. 1t attacks the leaves and stems most
ly. At first there are numerous postules or
reddish brown spores. Later black and
brownish spore masses are formed on the
same parts and these give the name black
rust to the disease.
In many wheat growing sections black
rust is by far the most serious disease of
the wheat The disease is spread from plant
to plant and from farm to farm by means OF
these spores, which are OF the same use to
the rust fungus as seed is to other plants
Rust annually causes loss to wheat In the
United States RANGING from $4,000, 900 to
$50, 900 900
Another cause that is added to the high
cost Of wheat according to other experts,
Evening capital news. (Boise, Idaho) 1901-1927, 1916-12-03

Is the failure OF American farmers to prop
erly fertilize their fields G. E. Thorne, head
OF the Ohio Experiment Station at Wooster,
ONO, in an official bulletin, says: LESS Ia
Dor with more seed, more manure and more
fertilizer would enable Ohio farmers to grow
as much wheat on 100000 acres as they are
now growing on 100000 acres"
Each official monthly report OF the De-
partment OF Agriculture since the first of
June has decreased the estimate of the
United States wheat yield until 1t is now
approximately 600,00o,000 bushels and more
than 4o0000,000 under the 1915 yield AS
the annual consumption is very close to $780,
100000 bushels, this would mean that there
should not be single bushel exported il
prices were to remain at the 1915 level
But already millions of bushels have been
exported and millions of other bushels have
been booked for export, so that the price OF
wheat. and as a consequence the price of
flour, has continued to soar until they are
now at level unknown since the days Of
the Civil War
No Good to Bake at Homo.
This has resulted in some we'll intended,
but misdirected effort to induce the house
wife to bake her own bread II was a mis-
taken idea that such change might result
in economy to the family. official inyesti-
cation along this line comes far from bear
ing out this superstition. A miller who ap.
pealed recently to Miss Anne MacGregor
Payne, director of the Home Economics De
partment Of one of the leading papers in
Ohio. was given the benefit of exhaustive
research and experimentation which show
that only by turning out an inferior loaf
could the housewife do as well as by buying
bakers bread, while if she attempted to pro-
duce loaf as good as the best bakers bread
it would cost her more to make it at home
than to buy it.
On basis of New York prices. Miss
Payne found that in buying the bread baked
from a barrel of -four, the housewife was
paying only q cents for the labor involved
If she bought 10-cent loaves and 70 cents If
she bought 5-cent loaves. Allowing three
fourths of an hour for each four loaf batch
Miss Payne found that the IA bakings in a
barrel of -four would require SO hours of
time and that this labor at a minimum rate
would have market value of $11.40
Miss Payne's deductions are further sub
stantiated by the Journal of Home Econom-
les of July issue, which made survey of
the same subject. Taking up the claim that
the saving of money is not necessarily the
only point to be considered in comparing
domestic baked and commercially baked
bread, Miss Payne says
1T is necessary to know and understand
the modern bakery methods and machinery
as compared with the old basement type of
Evening capital news. (Boise, Idaho) 1901-1927, 1916-12-03

bakery. And in the further discussion am
speaking of the large bakery which is able
to give the most of the best bread for the
least money because of quantities of ma
terial handled, and who Is reliable and de-
pendable and honest, and many such exist.
| am taking it for granted that the house
keeper who will consider the question at all
will be ambitious enough to see that her
bread is coming from a clean, reliable ba-
kerry. In the old, small bakery the baker
was forced to use red dog" -four and in
ferior materials in order to come out with a
profit. The modern bakery sends the -four
which is the best to the top of the building
and there 1t is rebolted and sifted through
fine silk cloth This the baker has another
purpose In doing, but 1t results in the flour
being cleaner for his bread than the house
keepers is. After this it is not touched by
the hand until you unwrap it at your home
Second: the baker can mix his -four to
make perfect texture color and flavor
which depend on the amount of gluten and
its quality. The housekeeper can not give
the time to the testing and grain grading
that is necessary to perfectly blend the
Hours, to get the proper ratio of ingredients
Third: in the rising bread there are three
acids which develop and have a marked eff
feet on the fermentation Tactic acetic and
butyrlc acids. The Tactic acid is present in
the largest quantities and should develop the
most rapidly. II the dough reaches too high
temperature the acetic acid develops too
rapidly and causes an over percentage of
butyric acid which results usually in sour
bread. AT too low a temperature, Tactic
acid increases too rapidly with harmful re-
suits The baker ferments his bread in all
tomatically controlled temperatures and the
housekeeper even of years experience can
not hope to compete with him on this plane.
Things Housekeeper Is Unable to Control.
Fourth: the amount and strength of the
fermentation plays a part in the favor OF
the bread, the appearance and food value.
The baker kneads and beats his dough me-
chanically usually for at least thirty min
utes This dissolves or softens the gluten.
The housekeeper is dependent on the yeast
fermentation for this and must continue the
fermentation longer than the baker, thereby
losing larger amount of the sugar and car
bo-hydrate in the form of alcohol and car
bonic acid gas The amount of salt has
much to do with the fermentation, acting as
a check The baker uses salt in quantity for
flavor and uses stronger yeast This the
housekeeper can not control, either. The
baker considers that the most important con-
troll of flavor is the amount of salt used and
the strength of the yeast
Evening capital news. (Boise, Idaho) 1901-1927, 1916-12-03

I'm summing up the situation the house
keeper who manages her house in the most
successful and efficient way, when she finds
that she can free herself from a large num-
Der of hours of manual labor by putting the
work into the hands of others equally and
even better prepared to do 1T, she will do
so at once and s.se that time for work which
can not be trusted to others. She will give
1t to her family or to those who need her
most. For the housekeeper who must count
every penny, regardless of the amount of
labor involved, think She too, viii find
that her time may be spent in other ways
that will yield her greater saving OF money
That 80 hours spent in sewing or perhaps
out of doors will yield her far greater
return than the 10 cents which is the great
est difference she will get and even in max
ing that estimate there has no allowance
been made for any spelling by failure in any
way and taking ii tor granted that all the
broad made at home from a barrel Of flour
is of equally good quality. The baker does
not put his failures on the market, you only
pay him for his best"
What Distinguished State Official Says.
Another authority equally distinguished so
far as the baking industry is concerned, is
Dr. H. E. Barnard, State Food and Drug
Commissioner of Indiana and one of the
best known authorities food values in the
United States. In a recent fSticle written
for the New York Evening Mail, he says:
the bakers product. Ten years ago it was
a courageous baker who would invite the
public to his shop. Today the baker who
does not throw the doors open to his criti-
cal customers is out of date and he can not
get credit at the bank. | do not want to
persuade the housewife to stop baking
bread but after she has visited modern
bakeshop think she Will"
DR.. Barnard has also done a little investi-
eating on the question of ten cent loaf and
in another issue of the same publication
says;
Ten cent bread is perfectly logical and
its use will profit both the public and the
baker The public will get more than twice
as much bread for dime as it will for d
nickel It will have better eating and keep
ing Qualities and there will be but two heels
instead of four. Perhaps you don't waste the
heels, but most people do.
THE grocer doubles his profit with one
handling. The baker saves ON fuel. labor,
wrapping expenses, delivery costs and ad-
vertising. Ten cent bread Is an economical
proposition to everyone The buying habit
is an economical proposition to everyone.
The buying habit of the customer may, per-
Evening capital news. (Boise, Idaho) 1901-1927, 1916-12-03
so RELATIVES CAN'T souAssLE.
Last Of Mrs. Hannah Duryee's Posses
sions Has Been Given Away.

Mrs Hannah Duryee. 81 years old,
of Jennings Mo-, a widow, who an
nounced her intention several months
ago of giving away her entire estate
so that relatives would not "squabble
over it, has founded a home for in
curables with the remainder of her
fortune, which has been gradually re-
duced in the last few years by gifts
to charitable and educational institu-
tionS.
She decided her 10-room house at
Jennings and the five-acre plot upon
which it stands. all that is left of her
real estate, TO Miss Daisy Ella Nird-
linger, president Of the Josephine club,
with the understanding that It be
turned into a home for incurables. She
also set aside all her remaining per-
sonal property, amounting to about
100000 as an endowment fund to be
used after her death for the main
tenance of the home. In accordance
with Mrs. Duryee's wish it is to be
called The Hannah Home"-St. Louis
Post Dispatch
Evening capital news. (Boise, Idaho) 1901-1927, 1916-12-03
Baking An Ancient Craft


BY T. T. r.

* The commonplace Of everyday
y life, coeyal with the pyramids. fell
low with wars and dynasties in the
history of the world, older than the
Oldest tradition, honored in Holy Writ, bread
today disputes with the political activities
and the European conflict for first page posi-
tion in the newspapers of the land
Why this reawakened interest in bread?
Why are so many questions concerning It,
supposed to be answered for good and all,
and SO many other questions, never before
propounded being brought to the front?
There are two reasons, both very simple.
In the first place practically everyone in
America eats bread and therefore is inter
ested, and in the second place after period
of an average life time at a stationary price,
that price suddenly has changed
Man has been laying bricks since before
the days when the Pharaohs builded them
selves monuments by the banks of the Nile.
but it remained for Frank B. Gibreth, an
efficiency engineer of Providence to find
that for all these centuries much of the en-
ergy and time had been wasted. So the pres.
ent agitation about bread has revealed facts
never before suspected. Big minds in all
lines have applied themselves to the subject
What some of them have to say is set forth
here in a general survey of the bread prob
lem from all angles.
In thinking of bread the dweller In the
city considers at once the baker, while in a
large measure the rural inhabtant considers
the housewife. Obviously the baker is the
person most intimately interested in the
whole bread proposition. In the last %
years the baking industry has undergone
radical changes. S. F. Mcdonald of Mem
pills. president of the National Association
OF Master Bakers, says more talent is re.
quired to be a successful baker than to be a
successful banker or successful doctor
Mr.. Mcdonald defends this view by saying
that the average banker has no professional
training. He has grown up in his business,
and his trade is the trade of dollars and
cents, OF debts and credits and there is not
what fairly might be called technical train.
ing.
The physician must give years of time and
study to preparing himself for his calling,
Evening capital news. (Boise, Idaho) 1901-1927, 1916-12-03
YOUTH AVENCES HIS FATHER:
SHOOTS AUSTRIAN CAPTAIN:
BECOMES AN ITALIAN OFFICER

doubled The VOW of vengeance took
rest in his heart. So he became a SOL
der himself, clad in "A regular uni
form and armed with real revolver.
For it was all q. part of his plan.
DETERMINED ON REVENGE.
In admitting the youngster to mem
bership, the colonel of the eighty first
regiment of infantry, his parents old
division, winked his eye to govern
mental regulations. The military oath,
however, was publicly administered.
AT the same moment and just as OPEN
iy Matteo revealed his fixed determin-
alton for revenge.
The lad had lived all his years in
the Dolomites and vas child of the
mountains. He waited patiently about
the cloud capped battlefield, until his
chance came. An Austrian officer
Evening capital news. (Boise, Idaho) 1901-1927, 1916-12-03
ARMEN|ANS owe
THEIR LIVES TO
CRACEY'S WORK
American Missionary Sue
ceeds in Saving Is, 900 Ma
tives From the Anger of
the Turkish Troops.

London, Nov. 10.--The champion
life saver of the world is probably
George F. Gracey, late of the Ameri-
can mission, in Armenia To Gracey's
credit today are $4,000 lives.
The story of how this modern Moses
shepherded his enormous flock out of
the Armenian province of Van just
ahead of the hungry hand of the ad-
Evening capital news. (Boise, Idaho) 1901-1927, 1916-12-03

READ!
The commonplace OF everyday
life, coeyal with the pyramids, fell
low with wars and dynasties in the
history of the world older than the
Evening capital news. (Boise, Idaho) 1901-1927, 1916-12-03

happened within range of the inno-
cent warrior and caught revolver
shot in the heart A shower Of shrap-
mel simultaneously fell on Matteo and
inflicted two wounds in his head
BECOMES AN ALPlNIST.
Recently Matteo has graduated
from the infantry to the ranks of the
volunteer alpinists He has been in
service Is months, many weeks OF
which he has spent in the trenches.
For bravery at the front he has been
promoted from private to major cor
poral. He has also been decorated
with a medal OF honor. Italy. proud
OF her little soldier son, declares he
is the youngest officer. fighting in
the European war.
Evening capital news. (Boise, Idaho) 1901-1927, 1916-12-03

The march continued for five days.
Improviscd stores of fat stones cooked
unleavened bread for the refugees en-
route. Flour and sugar were the only
rations.
OVER WATERLESs PLAIN.
The final stages of the march lay
through IA waterless plain. Word of
the caravan preceded 1t to Igdiah. on
the fifth day as they approached their
objective, the Armenians were met with
supplies of soup. bread, water and
fodder.
Despite the fact that Gracey's army
covered 30 miles a day with scanty
food and shelter the march was sin
gularly uneYcntful. Five babies were
born en- route. All of them live and
viii some day be told the tale. Vari-
Gus children were separated from
their parents. A few days later, in
lgdiah, they were sorted out and
claimed.
Gracey is a native of Belfast. Ireland.
Aside from his connection with the
American mission he served in Ar
menia as an administrator for the
London Lord Mayors fund. voluntary
contribution scheme for the aid of Ar
mcnian citizens. The savior of the
$4,000 is today in England appealing
for funds to carry on the work.
Evening capital news. (Boise, Idaho) 1901-1927, 1916-12-03

Illustrating the growth of electric
steel making. there are at present a
total of 70 Heroult electric furnaces
either in operation for the manufac-
ture OF steel, in the course of building,
or authorized, in the United States and
Canada, and arrangements for a large
number of additional furnaces have
been made.
Evening capital news. (Boise, Idaho) 1901-1927, 1916-12-03
Twelve year old Boy Kills
Austrian Captain at the
Price of Two Wounds to
Himself.

Belluno, Italy, Lee. Little ~
year-old Matteo Plata today has
avenged his soldier-father killed by
an Austrian she'll He has shot to
death an enemy captain at the price
of two ugly wounds in his own head
The spirit of the old vendetta seiz-
ed Matteo. when his father fell. His
teeth gritted and his chubby fists
Evening capital news. (Boise, Idaho) 1901-1927, 1916-12-03

1T will be seen that, at the prices quoted
above, ten cents expended in bread will Sc
cure more than twice the protein obtained
from beef, and almost three times the en-
ergy; also that ten cents invested In bread
at five cents per pound compared with eggs
at twenty-four cents per dozen, will yield
more than twice as much protein and twelve
times the energy"
Evening capital news. (Boise, Idaho) 1901-1927, 1916-12-03

A Chicago physician has invented APP
paratus with which he says he can tell
whether person really is hungry or
whether his appetite, a nervous phe-
nomenon, is active.
Evening capital news. (Boise, Idaho) 1901-1927, 1916-12-03

Missouri labor unions have 110,4Ii
members.
Evening capital news. (Boise, Idaho) 1901-1927, 1916-12-03

Vancing Turk has just reached west
ern civilization.
Gracey, the only western white man
in the district. was advised by the
Russian military authorities to get his
Armenians to safety. Across Lake Van
Gracey could see the flare of burn
ing buildings and hear the sound of
Turkish guns. The Turks had just
retaken the town of Mush from the
Russians and were pouring on through
Armenia dealing heavy blows to all
Armenians. men and women alike, as
fast as they met them.
OFFERED NO PROTECTION.
The nearest point of safety for
Gracey's flock was lgd,ah. $50 miles
away. The Russians could offer no
protection along the only route of exit
which lay through the Pass OF KeSri-
Kala, a lonely mountain outlet, in
tested by bandit I<urds. The Amcri-
can mission representative overcame
this embarrassment by arming 200 of
his Armenian men.
After a hot fight they seized the
mountain pass and put an enemy.
many times their number. to flight.
one thousand refugees an hour passed
the Russian lines into the
pass. When the procession was fully
on its way. including 5000 cattle, it
took two days to pass a given point.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1916-07-29

1t appears that there are still few
people, who do not understand the di-
rect primary and particularly its rela-
ton to the senatorial contest, SAYS the
Bennington Banner. The chief point
is that the nomination this year is to
be made by direct vote instead of by
convention. The primary takes place on
Tuesday, Sept l.. On that day every
voter has the privilege of going to the
regular polling place in his town and
voting for who he wants as the candi-
date of his party. In the senatorship
matter the three names, Page, Fletcher
and Gates will be on the Republican
ballot and every voter of that party
can vote for his choice for the office
of United States senator. The one who
gets the most votes will be the Repub
hcan nominee and his name will ap
pear as the Republican candidate OF
the ballot at the general election il
November. The party candidates foi
governor, member of congress, stat,
and county officers will be chosen il
the same way by direct vote instead O
by caucus and convention. This putin;
of the nominations in the hands of tn,
voters is why the senatorial candidate
and others are putting their case di
rectly before the people instead of try
ing merely to get the help of the poll
ticians as in previous campaigns. Ever,
voter has chance to vote directly TO
| the candidates of his choice under tn
direct primary law.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1916-07-29

Green Mountain range. 1t would seem
that there is to come the opportunity
to begin the construction Of one of
these arterial highways.
The Herald would naturally like to
see such highway on the west side
of the state but if competent judges
of conditions should decide that it was
best to route such state road on the
east side of the state there will be
plenty of cooperation upon the part
of west-siders.
1t is announced in Washington that
the construction work and labor in
each state is to be done in accordance
with state laws under immediate SUI
pervision of the state highway depart
ment, subject to inspection aad APP
proval by the government engineers.
The selection of road routes is to be
left to state highway departments,
subject to the approval of the secre-
tary of state. Thus, it appears, Yer
mont can say where it will expend its
share of the federal appropriation.
Wherever we spend the federal aid
money let it be done with view to
constructing continuous stretch of
substantial road. If we use this
money to build sample roads all over
the state federal aid will not avail us
much. Here s the opportunity to dis
continue the patchwork policy in road
building.