davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Tomahawk., 1916-10-26
Kind of Him.

"Let me give you piece OF my
mind, old boy
''But won't it be webbing you. .deah
boy?'
The Tomahawk., 1916-10-26

Missouri shoe factories employ 15.'
ATT persons. Output in l9l5-l6 value"
at $50, 49, 600.
The Tomahawk., 1916-10-26

DR.. Pierce's Pleasant Pellets are vege-
table liver pills put up 40 years ago; do not
contain calomel. They regulate liver and
bowels-Adv.
The Tomahawk., 1916-10-26

1t is easy for man to believe that
public Office is a public trust-if some
other chap holds the office.
The Tomahawk., 1916-10-26

Not what I have, but what do, Is
my kingdom.
The Tomahawk., 1916-10-26
YOUNG WOMEN
May AVOID PAIN
Need Only Trust to Lydia +.
Pinkham's Vegetable Com
pound, says Mrs. kurtzweg.
Buffalo, NY" My daughter, whose
picture is herewith, was much troubled

with pans III neC
back and sides every
month and tn ey
would sometimes be
80 bad that it would
seem like acute in
fammation Of some
organ. She read
your advertisement
in the newspapers
and tried Lydia E.
Pinkharn's V ege-
t table COMPOUND.
The Tomahawk., 1916-10-26
TYPHOID ::

cacy, and hazmlessness Of Antityphod Vaccination;
Re- vaccinated NOW by your physician, you ans
vn,r fsnilv It Is more vital than house insurance.
Ask your physician, druggist, OF send 70. Have
xo, had Typhoid7'' telling Of Typhoid Vaccine
results from use, and danger from Typhoid Carf'es'
Producing Vaccines and Ssrums under U. S. L'eenss
Tho Gutter Laboratory. Berkeley. cal.' Chicago 'I
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-09-30
Big Teams in East
Open Play Today

NEW YORK. Sept. 30.-A num-
Der of new varsity elevens will
swing into action saturday. the sec
ond Saturday of the eastern grid
iron season of 1916 Among the more
important teams to engage i'm their
initial contests are Princeton Yale.
Army. Navy, Colgate, University Of
Pennsylvania. and Brown. None OF
these elevens is called upon TO face
formidable opponents. and a ma
jority are to play teams which did
not appear in the 1915 list OF games.
Principal interest Will attach 10
the showing made by the Pennsyl-
Nania, Yale and Princeton com BIZ
nations i'm their opening games as
two OF these three elevens will ap-
pear under the direction of new
coaches. The Yale players Will have
their first opportunity to show
what progress has been made under
the direction of Tad Jones and the
same is true OF Pennsy lvauia, where
Bob Folwell reigns supreme in the
coach's position Speedy" Rush is
Eo longer "A novelty az Princeton.
hut the manner i'm which the Tiger
coach brought along the Nassau
team last season. apparently makes
the Tigers formidable to opponents
this fail
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-09-30
Colonies Chnch
Association Flag

LOUISVILLE. KY. Sept So
Louisville clnched its second pen
nant in the history Of the Amer
lean association by defeating Tole-
90 here Friday . TO 4. Louisville's
previous victory was in 1909.
Louisville punched hits with
walks of Eailey. earning five runs.
Every Louisville error figured in
Toledo's scoring. three OF her runs
being unearned. killifer walked.
singled and doubled three times in
five trips to the plates.
IL the team loses the three re-
naming scheduled games of the
Sc ason, all with Toledo. il still
would have a lead over Indianapo-
lis. the nearest contender.
Louisville TO date has won one
hundred games and lost Ga De-
feat in those remaining would bring
its losses up TO GO and make its
percentage SIS. Should Indianapo-
lis win all of its remaining four
games with Columbus it would give
that club .. percentage of .592 for
90 games won and 6S lost. score.
Toledo ....O11 600 1OI-t y
Louisville SOP 600 o1e-6 9 :
Bailey and Wells; Perdue and
Billings.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-09-30
YANKS RALLY BUT
RED SOX TOO MUCH
New York Fills Bases in Ninth
But Double Play Ends Bat
tIe-SCore 80.

BOSTON. Mass. Sept. S0.-BoS-
TONS tight defense turned back New
York without a score Friday while
the league leaders hammered out
three runs off Shawkey. Ruth, for
Boston held New York TO five hits
divided between Gedeon and Ma
gee.
New York as in the other two
games of the series, made a rally
in the eighth inning, fillins the
bases with only one out. but a fast
double play spoiled their chances
for a tally.
In this inning Shawkey waited
for base on ball. Magee prompt
IL sent him around to third base
with a double Bauman, batting
for High, hit a hot grounder to
Ruth and Shawkey was run down
between third base and home, Ma
gee making third on the play ana
Bauman second base. Ruth then
passed Peckinpaugh, filling the
bases. Nunamaker, batting for
Pipp. smashed a hot liner through
the box. Ruth caught it and 10y a
quick throw to Gardner doubled
Magee. A great throw by Duffy
Lewis choked of one other New
York chance in the fifth inning.
Boston's three runs came on a
double. a single, a base on ball, an
error. a triple and a sacrifice fly.
Scott. whose playing at short has
been the sensation Of the series, had
another good day, together with
Gardner. Janverin. Lewis. and
Shorten. The score:
New York 200 900 600 > ,
Boston 1880 600 O0%-S 1
Shawkey and Walters; Ruth anG
Thomas.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-09-30
Capt. Cofall Iii on Eve of
First Notre Dame Game

track. Temporary stands have been
erected and arrangements have been
made TO handle "A big crowd
Coach Harper has ventured no
prediction on the outcome OF to-
days game Advance dope on the
strength OF the Case eleven and
injuries i'm the Notre Dame camp
have combined to worry him con-
siderably.
With t. letter men back from last
years team. case has been drilling
hard since the start OF the practice
season with the determination OF
walloping Notre Dame. The Cleve-
lands have long held the reputation
of being exceptionally strong in
early season games. Last year. they
held Michigan TO a "A TO . score.
BIG Crowd Expected.
4 large crowd is expected TO at
tend today's game. It will be the
first opportunity for the general
public 10 see the 1916 HOLSTERS in
action. Two South Bend boys
"Chet" Grant and Arnold McIner-
ny. will be fin the NOtre Dame line
up. and Berbe. another South Bend
err viii probably get into the con
test before il is over.
Officials in charge of the game
today are as follows: Van Ripper
Wisconsin. referee; SchOmmer. Chi
cago. umpire; Miller, Springfield
Training school. head linesmn.
Coaches Harper and ROckne sent
the HOOsiers through hard work
out yesterday afternoon on the old
playing lot on Cartier Geld i'm the
final practice for today's game. The
linesmen were given session on
the charging machine. while the
backs were drilled at carrying the
ball The whole squad was then
taken TO the tackling dummy and
given a long drill there. The work
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-09-30
NATIONAL BATTLE
STILL UNDECIDED
Double Header at Brooklyn
Between Leaders Should
Prove interesting.

tn To- irrational News service
NEW YORK. Sept go. Never
before in the history Of the ma
donal pastme has the night for the
bsnnants IN the National and Amer
lean league kept the fans guessing
as has this years conflict. Random
is in the highest pitch OF excitement
over the races which will not be
decided until the final series i'm
both leagues are played.
In the American league, unless
the Unforeseen happens. the Red
Sox viii win the honors They have
stu four games 10 play. one with
the Yankees and three with the
Athletics. They have but 90 win
TWO OF them even though the White
SOx take al their remaining four
games from the Indians. And the
Athletics are not I'm a position TO
put up a stiff resistance.
In the National league the race
lies between the Brooklyns and
Fhilhes, with too many ifs in il
20 forecast the ultimate winner. If
The Phillies take both games of to-
days double header from the
Dodgers they will have the best
chance. If the teams split even the
victor will probably not be known
until the last day of the season
next Thursday.
If the Dodgers win two games they
VIII have a good chance unless the
Giants keep up their recOrd-break-
ing stunt. in which event the DodE-
ers VIII fall just as hard as the
other teams have that tried 10 stop
McGraw's men-
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-09-30
NET CHAMPS TO MEET
TODAY IN DOUBLES
NoIla Bjurstelt and X. Norris Vii
Iiams TO BE Opponents in Mixed
Play at Boston.

BOSTON. Mass, Sept 5O.-TWo
rational lawn tennis champions
Miss Molla Bjurstejt of Norway and
r. Norris Williams. II, of Boston,
will face each other across the net
Saturday in the final round Of the
mixed doubles at the open tennis
tournament of the LongwOOd Crick-
ct club. as q result Of their play
Friday. Paired with II. c. John
son of Boston. Miss Bjurstedt Fri
day defeated Mr. and Mrs. George
Wightman. Of this city, 6-3, Cd.
Williams and Miss EIeanora Sears
Of Boston, defeated Miss Edith
Rotch and r. c. Seaver, of Boston.
in the other half of the semi finals,
CO, GA.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-09-30
TIGERS BEAT BROWNS
Bunch Hits i'm Two Innings for ia
Victory.

ST. LOUIS. No. sept 80.-De-
troit punched hits Off Weilman in
the fourth and eighth innings Friday
and beat ST. Louis in a fast game (
10 /. The locals outhit Detroit but
except IN the eighth could not get
hits when they meant runs. and i'm
almost every inning men were left
on bases score:
Detroit 1000 zoe 030-4 O
ST Louis 200 600 01O-1 I
Mitchell and Spencer, Weilman.
Hamilton and Hartley.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-09-30
TAN AND BLUE TO MEET
ST. JOE, MICH, TODAY
Big Crowd Expected to Attend OPEN
inc Game at Oliver Field This
Afternoon.

Left end Rokup
Left tackle, Burner tCapt).
Left guard. smith
Center Donovan.
Right guard. Findlay
Right tackle. Wutrich
Right end. Mal1ielski.
Quarter back, Mohn.
Left half back. Sousley
Right half back. Sabo.
Full back, Meyers.
Judging from the spirit shown at
the high school at the booster meet
ing yesterday afternoon. a large
crowd will be on hand at Oliver
field. at $3.50 o'clock this afternoon,
to witness the South Bend-St. Jo-
seph football gridiron battle. The
Tan and Blue warriors are sched-
uled 20 line mp in the order men
toned above Reports from the
Michigan city indicate that the To-
Gals will have 10 hustle to come out
OF the battle with the long end of
the score.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-09-30
VETS GET $12e.25 EACH
AS SERIES SHARE
Dayton Club Gets SI.iS7 50. While
Springfield Gets
Sg2Iti

The total receipts Of the post-sea-
son series between Dayton and
Springfield amounted 10 $5.02S.25.
OF this amount $2.479.S2 went 10
the players fund. $1,S4S.29 TO the
club owners fund S4SO.S9 to the
league. and S21925 was paid as eX-
pense of moving the clubs.
The Dayton players who won the
pennant, received 90 percent of the
players fund. $1.4S7S9 or S129.$S
each. The Springfield players re-
ceived S924.14. or S70.S5 each.
The club owners divided the ST.
S48.29 in the club owners fund
evenly. one club receiving $92415
and the other Scala.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-09-30
INDIANS BEAT COLUMBUS

COLUMBUS. o.. Sept 90. - In
dlanapohs took Fridays game from
Colum bus p 90 @ through Falken-
bergs effectiveness with runners on
bases Craudalrs running catch Off
Demmity iE the sixth kept Blues
from scoring. Ieary drove in
Bronkie with his first two beggar
and scored I'm the seventh after
making his second double. score;
Columbus &C.. coo 00O 600 I
Indianapolis 600 100 100 %
Bruck. Blodgect and Coleman;
Falkeuberg and Leary.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-09-30
INDIANA AND DEPAUW
OPEN SEASON TODAY
T. L. - First Conference Team To
Get in ACtion-Aggies
Meet OliVet.
International News Service

International News Service:
CHICAGO. sept 80. - Indiana,
first of the big nine" aggregation
10 open the football season. today
meets it's proverbial first opponent,
Depauw. at Bloomington Indiana's
showing will bee watched with more
than the usual interest because OF
the presence of a new coach Jumbo
Stiehm. the miracle man Of Ne
braska.
The Michigan AEgies are schedul-
ed for their first combat. Olivet in
vadiug East Lansing for the clash.
Frank Sommers. former Penn star,
IS the Aggies' new coach and their
blowing will be watched with great
interest
4 dozen middle western teams
VIII take Off the aid today
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-09-30
WILL NUMBER PLAYERS
Yale to Try out Plan i'm Game With
Carnegie Tech.
international News Service

International News Service
NEW HAVEN. Conn. Sept. &c.
Yale has decided that its football
players shall be numbered in every
game this season Plans were per
fected by Mgr. Olson for the num-
berinc scheme TO go into effect to-
day in the game with Carnegie
Tech
No Yale eleven has ever been
numbered, ana Yale captains have
perS.Stently opposed the scheme.
Capt. Black. of the present eleven.
strenuouslv objected 10 il last win
ter but has since changed his mind
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-09-30
LINCOLN CLUB is SOLD
Charles y. Moon j. YOunsc~t Mag
nate in League.
International News Service

LINCOLN. Neb.. Sept 5O.-Tbe
Lincoln club OF the Western league
passed into the hands OF Charles y.
Moon, Its former secretary. who
becomes president and secretary.
Ducky" Holmes now is vice pres
dent and manager. and Edward
Young. jr.. treasurer. Moon. who
bought the stock of George r.
stone. Is only IS years old and tho
Youngest magnate i'm the league.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-09-30
THE REMNANT CHASE

CHICAGO, sept 3o.-,Detroit can
not even tie Boston liz the Amer
lean league pennant race now,
though Boston should lose an its
four remaining games and Detroit
should win the tao left on its card.
The standing would be-Boston.
SO won, 50 lost. Detroit SIS won, sc
lost
Chicago has a chance 10 win. pro
viding Boston viii lose all remain
ing games and Comiskey's men win
their four with Cleveland now 10
be played saturday and Sunday. The
standing
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-09-30

out ended with signal practice. Just
before practice was concluded, the
first and second elevens were taken
onto the new playing field in or
der to give them a general idea of
the outlay Of the ground.
Students Of NOtre Dame gathered
in the school gymnasium last night
and rehearsed yells and songs to be
used in the game today. The uni
versity band will play during the
game.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-09-30
GIANTS RECORD is %
That Didn't Count
International News Service:

NEW YORK, Sept 20-Tne nc
tuai record or the Giants 10 date is
IS games without suffering defeat.
IN addition to winning % in a row
they have played one nine-inning
tic. while two other games ended
before a decision could be reached.
one game was called i'm the fourth.
while yesterdays ended I'M the third
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-09-30
POSTPONED AGAIN
Wet Track HaIts Grand Circuit at
Columbus.

COLUMBUS. o.. Sept. s0.-The
grand circuit races We're postponed
here Friday afternoon because of a
vet track. Some OF todays races
viii Doe run Saturday the last day
of the meet
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-09-30
AMERICAS LEAGUE
AIERICAN ASSOCIATIONS
RESULTS FRIDAY.
National LeaRur.

National League.
Philadelphia. o. Brooklyn, % End no
ming. raiul.
Boston New York rain.
Cincinnati Pittsburgh. rain.
No Others scheduled.
American LeagGe.
Washingtou Philadelphia rain
Chica % Cleveland. rain
Detroit. 8 St Louis
New York. o.: Boston. 3
American Association
indianapolis. . f. Columbus %.
Toledo, Louisville a.
Kansas City, o; Milwaukee. %
No others scheduled
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-09-30
Gold and Blue Leader Suffers
Fever and May Not Be in
Position Against Case.

Notre Dame will officially usher
ia its 1916 football season this aft
ernoon. clashug with the strong
Case team of Cleveland on the new
football Tor on Cartier held
The Hoosier camp was thrown in
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-09-30
CUTLER LOSES
ternatiOlal News Se-vIce

International News Service
BELOIT. Wis. sept 30.-Aarty
Cutler of Chicago. heavyweight
wrestler was decisiveiy beaten here
last night bv Jack Psluini % f.
man. after cutler had won he nrst
Iall
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-09-30
BREWERS TRIM BLUES

MILWAUKEE,, Wis, Sept 80
Crutcher was batted hard Friday
and Milwaukee defeated Kansas City
8 to .. Sherdel allowed but two hits
and was given excellent support. The
score;
Kansas City 900 geo 600 3
Milwaukee O20 100 0O@-6 II %
Sherdell and Dilhoeffer: Crut-
cher and Hargrave.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-09-30
InternationaI - ServIre

international News Service
WAYCROSS. Ca. Sept 50.-PaI-
mer Bosworth, - years OLD. OF
Tampa Fla. is dead today. the first
football victim OF the year. His skull
was fractured when he was tackled
by two opponents. With his mother
he was visiting relatives here
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-09-30
GAMES TO-DAY
National League

Philadelphia at Brooklyn.
Boston at New York.
Cincinnati at Pittsburgh
st. Louis at Chicago.
American League.
Detroit at St Louis
Chicago at Cleveland
Washington az Philadelphia
New York at Boston.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-09-30
The New SE/ n/ss =
Imported 0Uh Hires
Improved
Blood Poison
Where Others F all

PRICES ALWAYS REASONABLE
Il will give the POOREST man "a
chance as well as the RICH % re
ceive my treatment az q SMALL
COST.
Newly contracted diseases
Don't wait until nature gives Wy
and the disease disorganizes i'm
pOrtlut organs and nerves.
If YOU are afflicted with any
Acute Chronic. Nervous. Blood or
Contri cted Diseases. stomach. Liver.
Rheumatism. Naricocple, Prostate
Enlargement. Structure HydEocele.
Kidney. Bladder. Urinary or ana
other Weakness. Defect or Disease
Of the Pelvic Organs. visit me to-
day II your ease is durable can
relieve IL quickly
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-09-30

70 a last minute depression by the
announcement late yesterday after
noon that Capt Stanley Cofall may
not be able to play today Cofall
was sick ian bed yesterday with an
attack of chills and fever, and il was
feared that ne might not be able to
start Inc Case contest. Grover Ma
lone. first substitute halrback. is still
on the disabled list and COfalTs
sickness has thrown the gold and
blue backdeld into q state of dis
raption. stan" has been going great
guns since the fall practice started
and he was counted upon as one OF
the most powerful offensive and de-
fensive men for today's game
Should he be unable 10 play. Fitz-
patrick sophomore substitute full
back. viii start the fray at left half
b. ok.
Grant To Pilot Team.
Aside from the left halfback po-
sition. the lineup which Will start
today's contest is a certainty. Bau-
jan and Whipple viii be at the
ends. Coughlin and NcInerny at
the tackles. Bachman and Decree
at the guards, Rydzewski at CEN
ter, Grant NJ quarterback. Berg
man at right halfback and Miller at
fuHback.
Today's contest will start at g
o'clock. The new field upon which
the game Will be played. is situated
inside the quarter mile running
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-09-30

iAitl .ti"-ti news FrIft---
GARY Ind. Sept 3d. Spike
Kelly Chic7Eo. welterweight has
been signed Co box Stock Yards
Tommy Murphy ten rounds here
Orr
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-09-30
Men of Mark

Tie World OF Man is made up Of
two kinds. The man who smiles
and the man who signs. The smiling.
whole souled man with strength
and health written all over his
prosperous appearance. greets YOU
with a firm handshake and 20 your
Salutation says jOyfully-"I feel
first rate. I'm glad ] am alive
This is the Man Of Mark
And the othe- kind OF mantle
man who Sighs-the man who is not
Man Of Marches pale. welA.
nervous. You've seen this kind OF
man-the world is filled with them
wrecks upon the sands Of timet'
Dull. sad. weary eyes; lined and
wrinkled face. slow. pitiful smile.
cold. clammy hand. feeble uncertain
vOice-which says 10 your greeting.
I'm feeling very badly-n0 use %
myself or TO anyone.
And Oh. the pity Of it, once that
man was on the way 20 become
Man OF Mark, Once this shadow
OF a better man was Perfect Health
persOnitied-filled with vigOr and
life-life pulsatlng through his en-
tire being enjoying with every
ibre his daily life-a man who was
bound 10 win the race or life
Then? He Overtaxes his strength.
Laughed at il at first No doctor
for him, No. sir The brain began
To tire: the nerves wearied body
and mind began 10 weaken. slowly.
but surely. And then melancholy.
no energy. no ambition. and tbe
man who might have made his mark
in the world faded into that poor
fellow the very sight of whom
makes us feel sad
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-09-30

International News Service.
AUGUSTA. Ca. Sept. 30 Mrs.
TyTus cobb today is receiving con-
sratulauons ON the birth OF q third
son who has been named Roswell
TersheH Cobb. after his two grand
fathers He is the fourth child in
he family of the Detroit star
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-09-30

Examination
land OnsulGtion
i Free
Privately lOca
ted offices 20
2fI =. Main ST.
/ upstairs. oppo-
i site post Office
i south Bend Ind
I Hours ? 10 L
l. to 4 and g 80
3 10 s Daily sun
day q O. T.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1916-09-30
Hats Pe11ant Battes-Double Headers Schedule for
BOWLING SCORES

!: \ !; !: x !. !: !: < < < !: \
The Lexington progress. (Lexington, Tenn.) 1884-current, 1916-12-15
Automobile Club
Institutes Suit.

The Chattanooga Automobile
Club came down to Nashville and
filed suit in the Circuit court,
making W. D. Scruggs, Assistant
Secretary of State defendant, for the
purpose Of ascertaining if automo-
bile owners have to pay the fee Of
81 for the registration Of an auto
mobile with the County Court clerk
lhst one time or if the fee has to
- paid annually The case was
decided by Judge Rutherford who
decided that the fee has to be paid
to the Clerk but the one time, but
the auto owner must pay the pre-
scribed fee avery year to the Sec
retary Of State. The decision will
save $35,0O0 annually to the auto
lists of the State.
The Lexington progress. (Lexington, Tenn.) 1884-current, 1916-12-15
LEXINGTON TENNESSEE, FRIDAY, DECEMBER IS 1910
GERMANY MAKES ASTONISHING PEACE
OFFERING TO The ENTENTE ALLIES.

The Tuesday evening American press contained a
peace offering from Germany the Central Powers in
the European war, which will practically put the Euro.
pean map it before the if accepted The fol-
lowing the terms offered, which would make the
in vain for Russia and predict will not be accepted
For the complete restoration of Belgium.
For the evacuation by Germany all territory captur-
ed in Northern France during the progress Of the
For the establishment Of Poland and Lithunia as in
dependant kingdoms
For the retention of Serva by Austria Hungary and
the restoration to Bulgaria of all territory lost by that
country in the second Balkin war
For the restration Austria of territory captured
by Italy in the neighborhoods sbf the Adratic Sea.
For the restoration to Germany of all her colonial
possessions in Africa the faeast and other parts of the
glade.
For the retention of Constantinople by Turkey