davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-07
-\R GUSTAVE LIE BON Of the
University Of Paris has added
usl nnnther MnrL IN tho serics

l>R GUSTAVE LIE BON Of the
University Of Paris has added
pet another work to the series
OF learned studies with which his
name is associated, namely, En-
t'iGnomcnfs PsvchologiIucs dc Ia
Guerre ~Europcnne" IPsychological
Lessons of the European War, which
Ia already in its eighth edition. 1t is
a study of the vents and their causes
which have produced the present world
confict-an analytical examination of
the war ms IT has progressed and d jul
d!cial expression OF opinion upon the
developments Of the war. the prob
lens Of peace and the outlook for tho
future.
In the present war DR.. lie Bon sees
q struggle of psychologist forces.
tn" dominating conceptions of Ger
many are particularly dangerous. he
hndS, because they assume the shape
Of religious zeal. Under the hallu-
t~Ina,i"n Of their dreams the German
Nf''f' ii'N 'tlAitN' N'' - -
lomets day, believe themselves a SUI
perlpr race whose destiny it is first to
conquer the world and then to regen-
trat" il.
To understand the origin of this
conflict 1t is necessary to follow the
Transformations Of the modern German
n1nd, To look at it from the point Of
80" Of reason, pure and simple, is to
encounter a mass OF Inconsistencies
ana utter improba bilities, DR.. lie Bon
"'clares, and he points to the follow
~ conditions:
sovereign who for twenty-five
!'hi~ Kept the peace SO necessary to
u" prosperity of his empire and who
s.'ui"nlv let himself he dragged into
o i"drful conflict which he did not
S''h \ nation whose commercial and
HHliHtrlal wealth was growing daily,
WISHING with delirious JOY into a muir
"'l"l' struggle which will ruin il for
I" long time, Educated men applying
'h' loren 10 cities. secular libraries and
U"'E' OF ART which in previous wars
'.'i hoca spared,
WHAT prophet conld have foretold
the 'Hrth Of such incOIercnt things
TO "a rs. 70 what can I've asCribed the
'"il"sl"n Of mystic fury which seized
'' German natiui and its scholars eN-
''i' a mental con tagion and a Sweep
'"s 'oily which ran through the nation!
among the French, there has been
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-07

I Strength of will plays a tremendous
part in the last minutes Of a battle.
After tracing the rise Of Prussia
n the consolidation of Germany
under Bismarck the author recalls the
main feature of this statesman's
policy. namely. tho system Of ALI
ances intended to block any attempt
which France might make 10 avcnge
its defeat in 1870. Bismarck seemed
ever haunted by this idea.
Under Bismarck every effort was
made To maintain peace. and the pres
ent Emperor at hrst followed the same
policy. The German Empire was con
solidating its position and its eco
homie prosperity was becoming inn
inense, Its mercantile marine. ever
growing, touched al every port ON
earth. One rival only did II mo-,
everywhere. England, "A rival To ho
feared and daily the more To he hated
France, SO much dreaded by Bis
marck. ceased to preoccupy Germany
Its political and religious d~issenslons
seemed to have weakened it too much
to allow the old idea of rcvcnge to
he kept alive. II a conflict with France
was thought OF II was only with
France as a possible ally Of Britain
the foe which sooner or later would
have to he met.
Under Bismarck wal was considered
a peril to he avoided. With the sub,
sequcnt commercial and industria
growth II seemed a desirable nd, FIRST
OF all tn enrich Germany and then
to establish its power throughout the
world.
Then hogan, with the cooperation nj
the military party, of the patriotic
societies. Of the press and Of the uni.
vcrsities. that campaign intended ,C
prepare public opinion for war. The
Government favored all measures
which while pointing to a coming
conflict enabled 1t to raise further
taxes for the increase of its military
strength. Quotations from histo.
rians, philosophers and other writer,
are given by DIR. lie Bon to show to
what extent the dream Of worldwide
dominion was gradually spreading
through the minds Of the German ma
ton.
In ffty years Prussian military
teachings completely changed the men.
tai outlook OF the German people. DIR
! lie Ron believes, Historians convincr ID
the Germans that they were superior
&c any other race on earth. Their phi,
losophers taught that right must benc
before might. Politicians dazzled thcil
eyes with the picture Of worldwide
power. To the %roughshod methods o,
the barrack yard the Germans turned
Or. I.c Bon says:
while 1t is relatively easy u arouse
new sentiments In the soul of IA nation
it is extremely difficult to keep them
In check. They a quickly become
forces which cannot be mastered"
Such vas the cas- with Germany
The hour was coming when the Gov.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-07
2EAT MERCHANT URGES UNION OF IDEAL


, took IN cbarre NOR Cuba. Porto Rico
and tho pbilippipcs
1--WE ayree N, all broad princinlea AZ
ufe o,d ro, oyon Tho ,dcas ~ ri,hN
n wrong are so exactly simile (
among any other two great peoples
| We seek the same end with our labo
| enjoy the same Things. love the SAM
things. Governmentally we have the
same ideals IL not the same ideas.
We are the two great peace lovers
among the nations. We could make
ourselves so strong, SO representative
OF right. that by our worthy influence
frst, and then, if that were not enec-
tive, by our irresistible power. we could
dominate the world. compelling de-
cency, decorum and progress.
The fortunes of the world would be
safe in our hands. Fol n century w
have failed to find Just cause or com.
plant, one against tine other; the long
est boundary IN the world lies between
Canada n the United states. 10
, not fortifled' Another Centurys end, 1
-. NJ. 49,, aa, 81. ...,S." -.
n."s.. ~.
"S,."m. Iii" IT, 'Sssss..S,. No.
pon,.,s. .t,.
Nv" -"
\. us -.
,a,nas 80. o.. 49, onsno.a ~ -.
U"-.' VS. N..,,.r
s',c, ~. =, naror has on;oved
IL was a "oriu 'uno '""'
ever drli'eu from each other oy 20
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-07
Who Has Won Business Success in the United States an
ngand, Emphasizes the Necessity for Broader Cooperation
Between the Two Nations After the War

Tho mails or tho grou,ny ~coo,nes.
Is thai Same mistaken tbouuht-that
wc Americana think pr,rcinnl,v NJ
money. and that nc a o~nseo,ienc We
are no, doing wba, we should in this
rrea, hattie for the reservation Of tho
civiIjza,ion ~ tho world
whether mr. moi, this is m%isindcment
those who rendcr 4, not auick,y will
reverse II peonIes do remember
things ynu know az persistent,v as
individunis ro,n.nher things
I'VE remember for example Tor 7
hone most Of us do,. that Frame, and
the French rushed to our aid
when orr younp nation struggled in
its birth tbroes. and that later. in 1893
, l~;ritain said. Hands on TO GERMANY.
who otherwise almost surely would
have TONED Spain in the war against
us
Had ,bcre been no France. no Ia.
fayette. tberc might have becn no free
America. Had there been no Britain
IL is possible that the LITTLE war with
Spain miyh, have heep n mighty strup.
gle. Germany. ranged with our weak.
mistaken ,~n,onepts cert,in,v xrou.d
have made Thorn mighty Though sh..
could no, have made them right,
"E,u vh,, 10 m. situ,,iono We M.
Franco and britain lo,,,ed i'm "a death
s,ruygl. .yitb . nou.rfu, foo ubo car-
, tainly i'm Isos was moi, o,r friend What
ara wa doing for the peop,e who no.
friepded usp Nus, We 10, them no.
! lieye that we are principallv moved nv
the desire To profi, from their stress?
repreifu1y confess thar ,yhile this
! view is not, quite justified there surely
are excuses for it.
There Is no lack OF gratitude in
England FOR the generosity or some
details of our popular procedure. Eng
Iish men n women applaud and quite
appreciate the splendor OF u gifts 10
SUFFERING ielSlum.
hut 'he r.hshsh cope as a "noie
nor the government NINA YOU nor
r'hsish Peop'' "' 'he '"~oroush's IN
'"i"''" 'spc' out INV peoP'e - ""o'e
drc "o,i"e'ins why we s'a"u anu
"',' ''o"" so d''"i ""e" !" ."e o"'''
80" -" wv 80 ""'. o''
'''"H' wv" ,"'"''" '''."s '"' o"'
" low " ~. '''tP''
: ~ nc -
q 'N.n n.nn
a., - -,
a., -. ...,, ,t..,,.h -. ,,,,h W,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-07
BY EDWARD MARSHALL.

7 Ir:RE are the international
II views Of an international
4 American.
Harry Gordon Selfridge. now Lon
don's greatest retail merchant. once
,he partner of Marshall Field in the
world famous Chicago store. in the
article which follows expresses him
self freely for the first time since the
war began.
He knows America and he knows
England, knows Americans and Eng
llsnmen: he thinks the two peoples
really are one and that each should
work toward the full fruition Of that
thought.
He believes that il they do this they
may control the world SO long as their
ideals are worthy. and he believes that
only such cooperation can bring per-
manent peace and assure %uninter-
rupted progress.
I asked him to make some predic-
ton If he would. OF what the relations
hetween America and England will he
after the war ends.
Il hope said he. that first of all
something will occur to change the
Judgment Of the Engiishman with re-
gard To fundamentals of ideals in the
United States.
"It is the general belief here that
Americans love business for the sake
of its mere money profits. That is not
true. They are of a racial tempera-
ment which easily is fascinated by any
game OF skill. as polo. bridge, or ven
poker.
Il believe tina, | am typical of those
Americans of middle age and older who
remain in business, though long since
they may have gained prosperity.
They do not do IL for the money there
is in It. they do 1t for the game.
"Of all the games nan has IN
vented business to those who play 1t
well Is the most fascinating. Amer
leans turn To il. | believe. quite as the
German Emperor turned to war. II
grips them with fierce interest when
other pursuits pail. But the business
players, II they play Alright. advance
the world. The war gamcster sets it
back.
"It is a pity that we have permitted
the conviction to he formed on this side
that our thoughts in free America are
principally of money. II has injured
our prestige. Prestige in tho best
sense means well won esteem Of fellow
men. Therefore 1t is probably the
greatest thing the. world can offer,
Big. understanding English minds. and
there are many here. can and 10 see
sthe truth about us. but the mass of
British people do not see it in the least.
-All these things must lr entirely
understood before IL is possible for any
mai 20 form an estimate Of what the
feeling probably will he between the
states and England after the great
war. Ii is not now as friendly as for
q long time IL had been and-that
which is not for us is against US.
There is real reason for the appre-
hension hat after peace has Come tho
!rerdlincss between the nations may
b ,e's affectionate than I for one
ooul! wish. Jess friendly than Will lie
OBVIOUSLY to the best interests OF the
two great nations.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-07

| norant. So. at last. he falls into the
hands of politicians.
"The result of this. not only in this
war, but often in the pre-war days,
has been incompetent leadership. fire.
quently more incompetent than ours.
"Too often in England there seems
TO be a prejudice against putting men
who nave succeeded in the great and
practical affairs of civil life into the
control Of public affairs. Always, in
whatever country. it Is within the
power Of such men to brush prejudice
aside and leadership. but Eng
land does not seem yet to have arrived
at that point Of determination.
Il note "A certain difidence about
the ablest practical men OF England,
rooted in old p%rejudices against trade.
perhaps. There are dozens Of big men
in England whose names are never
lisped outside the circle Of their close
associates, whom the general public
never heard Of. whom the Government
does not know. and who. in conse-
quence. are not available for an emer-
gency like this. Here, I believe. Is the
deepest rooted cause OF the dilemma in
which the nation finds herself.
when an emergency occurs In the
United States the leading man in the
particular branch OF practical knowl.
edge which is most involved in 1t Is in
te~rviewed by an intelligent and quite
free press and the public IL informed
by him. Over here such things do not
occur.
There are too much sport and too
much politics in England. The press
and the peoples minds are full Of These
things, often to the exclusion OF great
matters OF real Importance.
with a part OF this I have no quar-.
rel. ] myself owe sport and the COM
petitive spirit which II stirs among the
young. What I object to IL the fact
that British youth. yes. and the British
men and women who are so well posted
upon sport. are wholly ignorant Of the
genuinely bigger. more important
things which vitality concern their gov
ernmental management and their nd
tional development. The employer Of
10000 people is not known In England.
and England. not the great employer.
Is the loser by the fact. And so Eng
land. no less than the United States.
errs in her procedure with regard to
the relationships OF the two nations.
with all my heart I want and hope
10 see those things accomplished whicn
will bring about right feeling between
the English speaking peoples in Amer
lea n here. With all my heart I TAI
a fuller understanding. closer sympa-
thies. governmental cooperation be.
tween America and England.
I'VE are naturally brethren. Gener-
ically we are honest peoples. We have
the same standards OF deccncy and
right and progress. There IL not a
question Of world policy upon which
We do not agree. al heart: yet there II
scarcely any question Of world policy
on which we do agree with practical
cooperation.
That Is wrong. believe that In
the sketches of our differing mental
habits I have limited at the reasons
lying a Of the mistakes. Surely
they might he counteracted.
II want England TO get from the
United states virility. initiative. open
ness Of mind and freedom OF express
sion. You note that | do not say
frankness Of expression. That she has
already. when she speaks, to a degree
which We have not and might well
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-07
BELIEVE THEY MUST CONQUER Al

Dr. CuNave lie Bon is prominent in the world Of science. As
professor of psychology and allied sciences at the University of Paris
his name has long been famous. His books have been translated into a
dozen languages. His scientific investigations of tobacco smoke.
skulls Photographic surveys. the laws of matte and motion bear wit
ness 10 the versatility of his erudinon.
1t is. however. a a psychologist that the world owes its chief
deht to Dr. lie Bon. His principal efforts in this direction include such
works as THE Psychology of the Crowd" Psychological Laws of the
Evolution of Nations" THE Psychology of Education" and THE
Psychology of Socialism,"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-07

a series OF changes that could not
have been foreseen: An impression
able, easily moved. undisCiplincd ma
ton suddenly changed into resolute
masses, ten%aciously. s~toically living for
months on end in the murderous
trenches constantly menaced by a hid
den death,
ITO these unexpected vents history
will add the sacrifice ~ the heroic lit
tie belgian nation which did not hcsi-
tate to defend its honor at the cost of
It's flaming cities and its massacred
women and children. No powcr-Ger-
many least of all-could have foreseen
"A nation so feeble resisting the fury
of in enemy so powerful.
This series Of tragic adventures
could not have been foreseen ration
ally. for reason did not prompt them.
To what, then, must we ascribc the r
origin"
Among the contributing causes of
the conflict DIR. lie Bon names racial
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-07


10 40 you attribute our MIS-
takes?' X
10 lack OF uenhite determ'hatioh On
the part OF M American who has the
very difficult job OF being President oi
the United states while the great Eu-
ropean war progresses" Mr.. Selfridge
answered.
1T seems to me that Mr.. Wilson
planning a hop. skip and jump foreign
policy In these troublous days made a
poor hop at the start with regard to
the brutal sinking OF the Luitania. then
a faulty skip when he dealt with the
assaults upon American ships. and now
on endeavoring finally to emerge from
the dilemma he finds himself con-
fronted by a jump which may well
prove beyond his power because his
earlier progressions were o we'll de-
veloped. ] for one refuse to guess
where he will land.
PERSONALLY I do not admire his
course in keeping out Of this great
war which seems certain to involve the
life or death OF almost every principle
valued in our government and our
IDEALS.
'JuSt what We COll0 nave done III we
had entered does not matter very
much. Surely the Allie. could have
made slight use of our pi,iful little
| fighting force. What might have been
Of service to them was our moral
force.
Individually I know that the United
States Is sound Of heart and absolutely
|, right In aspirations. England was be-
ginning to believe this to be true. Our
altruistic course with helpless peoples
after the Spanish war helped to con
vince her. Our general Pan-American
policy, devised TO quiet turbulent and
undeveloped peoples. not to Cypress
them but to help them to make good.
was quite appreciated here and tended
to Increase our prestige.
| Those were influences TO quicken
pulses. moisten eyes. render friendly
hahdciasps lingering u MAKE creams
comfortable They were superb eS-
pressions OF what believe 70 ne Inc
true Americanism. we AM 10 ne
We as a people. long 10 oe-iesoe's oi
aitruisn,. out
MI Seirridge paused.
IL f.ns'ano nao ou' ured'neu :. W"
Necessity "h,c" ac'ua'iy eNis.eu io W,
,"e 'e''hs VI hel s'ois III ~ "'"'e',
ne Saiu AT ~ was NO. WI"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-07

copy. But she too often docs not
speak. She suffers from her own re-
serve.
II want my country TO learn much
from England. First OF ali. that frank
ness. then calmness. honesty OF under
lying purpose. unalterahle determine
ton along lines OF progress well
planned in advance.
With all my heart I want to see
these " great English speaking ma
tons Joined In bonds Of union. sen,i-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-07

our human ha'8rc IS Identical. The
only differences between Yorkshire and
Iowa lie in the accents. which are out
growth ~ old habits and local con
ditiOnS.
Both peoples. IN the main. are al
truistir. The English, moro than any
other race. have borne the white mans
burden America began to do like
wise when She started to develop black
mon after the civil war. and she added
10 her rhilauthrop!H load when she
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-07

mental and Of every other worthy sor:.
II would he to our good. England's good,
the good Of the whole world. / doplorc
any step which may prevent this or
delay il. But IL selfshncss on our
side and insularity on this Keep up the
rate Of progress must he slow and may
be wholly stopped.
For Americans and Frgl!shmen not
10 he close friends is an ahsurdity. We
are he only two great peoples IN the
world who think by direct processes.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-07

that This rs scarcely 70 hc doubted.
hut ! do not think tho time had yet
come when this necessity made itself
felt
The time was approaching. Ger
mans were pushing their commercial
way int" every country, In Belgium.
lu Russia and especially in Franc"
lHIS MIS- particularly true; a great
many French industries. such as the
optical trade, the chemical and drug
trades, the dye industry were already
in thor hands. Since tho war began
owe - 600 German business houses
IN France have been seized. Had
they 80 continued another twenty
years they would hay" become. with
on, a s!ngl" battle. the true masters
~ h country. similar conditions
prevailed IN Russia and Italy"
Everywhere, in Japan. in Persia, the
activity of Gcrmany's representatives..
Of us commercial travellers, Mas pro-
duc.ug trouble and proclaiminG the de-
, cadence of other peoples.
Despite It's Worldwide commerce and
It's growing expansion Germany be-
iicNcd that it had no "pidce in the
sun, II for this reason IT WAS ready
10 quarrel with nations which. like
Franco in Morocco. were seeking To
enlarge their colonies.
and YET remarks hr. IC Bon, Its
experiences in Africa proved that, de-
spite torrents uf blood poured ont To-
this end, Germany was not able Ia
create" a single prosperous colony. As
u plain tradcsmau the German was
2 l,HFnbtnl aIapN ,Nl,,r. A. ,,..,.. IA.
became odlous to all men"
To what he Describes as the coarse
ness Of German education, its bru-
iaiity and its lack of chiyalry DR.. lie
Bon attributes much OF M difficult
ties which h German encounters IN
ms contact with other nations and to
the brutality at the harrack yard. with
It's blows and bullying which
every II of the German population
had To suhmit-hc asCrlbcs the Ger
man ideas of right and might which
have astunishcd the world.
The influence If religion rs against
militarism is ncE.isihlc, he thinks.
In analNzinG the causes Of the war
the idea that Germany was ovcrpopu-
lated ~ dismissed with the statement
thtt German emigration had fallen
al To a point where II WAS far below
that of British emigration, and that
yearly Observation-Disclosures CroStians,
&C. w were imported into Germany 10
the extent of several hundred thousand
for work in the harvests aud in tn,
mines, The following table Of density
of population is quoted:
Number OF inhabitants ger square kilometrc
rn, -
I'hN ''',,,-,..,, luI
| It,i.I, lNN
J - '''s'''''t H...,' ....... M
p''SiuHi. ''''',,,, ......... @Si
Even admitting that Germany was
ovorpopulated, not II sinsln country
existed To which tho Germans were
not admitted freely, DIR. lie Bon point
| ont.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1916-05-07

Even admitting that Germany was
ove~rpopulated, not n single country
existed to which tho Germans were
not admitted freely, DR.. lie Bon points
out.
similarly, DR. ic l'on nouts tho idea
eat Germany could have been Dene-
The Wrangell sentinel., 1916-01-06
New Years
 Dance Was
 Good Time


 The big dance given by the Red Men on New Years Eve Was cer- tainly s very fine success and every one of the large crowd attending had the time of their lives. The committee seen to it that everyone had a good time and after twelve o'clock the dance was turned into a leap year dance and the ladies given d chance. Mrs. T. ]. Case acted as floor manager for the ladies and carried it through Very capablely. The music by the Wrangell Or chestra was very good.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1916-01-06
Notice

Notice is hereby given that here after all children, not accompanied " parents or guardian, under the ,se of sixteen years, are forbidden to be on the public street of Wran- sell after the hour of nine o'clock ). NJ. The firebell will be tolled as a signal at that hour.
 By order of the Common Council | the town of Wrangell, Alaska
 Paul F. Stanhope, Town Clerk, December ?, 1915.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1916-01-06
attend Forest Tir Ter For Sale

'ta bids will be received ly the crest Supervisor. Ketchikan. Alasi-a.
 to and including Januarr ., l9lG, or tract of timber locs ed on the
 uth ed of Et1lin I>laGd, neg.nnine t io.at on the south s.oie l32 der. ! min. W longitude, and eXteadlngi if
 westerly direction along the s!ore 2
 stance Of niie, the tract e&tenaiue
 .ck from tae saure q disla4ce af 2U0a ct, e-timated to contain 400. GU h5arG ! oi .ruca .aW timber and 4e.GOD
 .sar feet Of pruce and hemlock pil- .-: a'.o the l. erchantahie timber c. .oFer island orateL in the south en-
 aece of tiov - assaee. estimated to Jls3in 00.0l0 oard feet of spruce saw 'n4b2r and .j3.00J linear leet of spruce ld hemlock iiling, No bid of less ..an sl.OG per N 1t. E. Nj. for spruce sa"t mber, }-4 cent per liaear foot foi Ill bling up to and including 75 fee1 Il -elgth. and lcent per linear foot foI li fling oyer 10 feetin length, vii bt .oas dered. Deposit with bid &oe30o he right to reject any and ali bids i- ae~e rved, Before bids are submitted fulI rlnation concerning the timber, conditions of sale. and the submission of ids should be obtained i.om tEe Sul ervisor, Ketchikan, Alaska.