The Prescott daily news., 1916-02-19
1. THE USE OF COMMERCIAL FER.
 TIlIZERS-HlSTOR

show how this great industry began and grew in the Southern United States. Generally speaking, the far. mers of this generation inherited the habit of applying fertilizers to soils, but have not been taught the underly- ing principles of the industry.
 The use of some kind of manures on soils with crops for the purpose of in creasing the yields goes back to an cient times. We know that many an cient people applied animal manures to their soils for this purpose. The Chlnese centuries ago, applied ma nures of various kinds to their soils and gardens and with phenomenal re- suits. In Won Tshudi's Travels in Pe- ru we find that as early as the middle Of the last century notes were being taken on the actual value of Guano by the Peruvians.
 Bousingault speaks of seeing fields Tn Peru on which wheat had been grown every year for two centuries and the yield still high and the grow CTS prosperous.
 The practice of using mineral ferti- hzers was introduced direct from Pc ru the United States in the year 1S46, and was based on such reports as We find above. It had already been used in England before it found it's way into the United States, but Peru seems to be the country in which the application of minerals to soils as plant food originated We do not know this is true, but all evidence points to this. It is of greater interest 10 us therefore that we know about the customs in Peru.
 The first man in the Southern States to use this Peruvian guano was David Dickson, of Sparta Ga, who saw an advertisement of it in the old Ameri- can Farmer published in Baltimore The South has perhaps never had a more successful farmer than David Dixon, who made many millions of dollars farming. and who was a pio- neer in many other lines as well as in the use of mineral fertilizers In the year 1S46, the year after 1t was intro duced into the United States. he bought three sacks and used it, and on ffnd- ing that 1t paid him, bought 1t in in- creasing quantities till the year 1855 and 1856, when he went into it fully" As Is suggested above this is no doubt the first instance of the use of a con- centrated mineral fertilizer on cotton in the United States.
 The universal success with which MT. Dickson met fin the use of this Pc ruvian guano led many other proni- nent farmers to follow his example. and in every reported case, success followed its use We are constrained to believe that the way that the appli- cation of this mineral fertilizer to the cotton anu other crops In the South could not possibly have been an acci- dent. Its success was unquestionably based on the actual needs of the soil quickly available manure was what the crop needed. and when this was once applied results were evident
 After a time it was found that the Peruvian guano, which contained prin- cipally nitrogen, produced too much stalk and not much increase In the yield of fruit, and hence It's use was somewhat discouraged for a season.
 About this time the war between the States began, and at the same time the discovery of the potash beds of Germany, also, the offering on the market of various kinds of mineral fertilizers resulting from the teach ings of Non Liebig of Germany, who was at that time the greatest cham. pion in the world of agriculture and it's possibilities. As result the pop ularity of Peruvian guano subsided eral question of the use of mineral manures, both by farmers themselves and the students of agriculture.
 Two great contributing factors to the rise of the fertilizer trade in the South are first the abolition of slav- cry and second, the rise of agricul, tural education. Before the war the question of land was secondary. If growing farm crops in the South wore the land out" there were plenty of slaves to take in nore land" It was cheaper to take in land than to pay for any artificial manure. Tn 1862. the Morrill, Bill passed Congress. creating agricultural colleges in the various states. after which there be- gan a campaign for improving meth ods in agriculture. Experiments at public expense were begun on a small gcale, and the public was induced to