davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1916-12-03
Did Not Come in Time.

They did not come in time. Macken-
sen broke through the line, cut the
Bucharest -Constanza railroad, occupied
Constanza, captured the great Cerna-
voda bridge and pushed northward
after the fleeing Rumauians. His work
was actually done, but his enemies did
not know this and were compelled to
guard against thrust to the Danube,
which might capture or destroy the
beaten armies.
Now Mackensen passes from the bull
letins and we begin to hear of Falken-
hayn great army. mainly German,
has been collected north of the Maros
river and it comes south, moving main
iv upon Hermannstadt, and falls upon
a small fraction of the Rumanian army,
sen thrust This army is routed with
in sight of Eermannstadt, and its rem
nant fees south through the Red Tower
pass and takes new position along
the frontier
The next blow falls upon second
Rumanian army, which has occupied
Kronstadt, and it fees south and takes
its stand across the frontier. covering
Predeal and TorZburger, passes not far
north of Sinaia, where Rumanian roy
atty has its summer palace. A third
blow falls to the north. where the Ru-
manianS have passed the frontier and
endeavored to join hands with the Rus
SLAMS pushing south from Dorna Watra.
Again the invaders are pushed back
into Rumanian territory, and the juno
tion between Russian and Rumanlan
does not take place in Pennsylvania In
stead there is the promise of an inVa-
sion of Moldavia and a thrust for the
Evening star., 1916-12-03
dn charge Of the Bulgarian and TurkisA
forces in the Danube regions.

dn charge of the Bulgarian and TurkisA
forces in the Danube regions.
deavor have come in for a large share
Of questioning in recent days because
OF the failure to save Rumania from
its present dilemma
Why cannot Gen. Serial on the Mac
edonian front move forward more rap
idly and make the menace to German
and Bulgarian aspirations in this quar-
ter genuine instead Of apparently tenn
porary7
Why has not Russia done more?
Why have not the allies themselves
been more prompt in sending needed
military equipment to the Rumanian
aSmissf
Why have the allies permitted their
armies to remain idle. to all intents
and purposes. In the Somme regions
while permitting the Germans to move
considerable forces from the western
front to the Balkan. right at the crit
teal stage Of affairs In Rumania?
Why are Russians along practically
the whole Of the eastern front station
ary. Just a. they have remained for
some months?
Why II not Italy continuing to drive
forward and by 20 doing make certain the
setaat3oA el Au Austrian forces opsr-
Evening star., 1916-12-03
CRA|OVA AN IMPORTANT
RUMAN|AN POSSESSION
City Captured by Teutonic Forces
Described in National Geographic
Society Bulletin.

Craiova (also spelled Krajova), which
has fallen before the Austro-German
forces invading Rumania by way of
the jul valley. through the Vulcan
pass, Is the subject of the following
war geography bulletin issued by the
National Geographic Society:
THE fall of Craiova is a severe blow
to Rumania. for, in addition to being
An important railway center. it is the
headquarters of the 1st Army Corps,
the seat of military academy. and of
great Importance is the fact that here
is located an immense tannery which
supplies the Rumanian army with its
leather.
"The country surrounding Craiova is
not excelled in fertility anywhere in
the kingdom. The town is in the CEN
ter of the Wallachian wheat lands. and
the truck gardens of the region are
highly productive. while the forests
which clothe the adjacent uplands
make 1t an important timber depot A
to the Danube at Calafat, some fifty
miles to the southwest in an airline.
The jul river, which rises in the Car
pathians beyond the Rumanian border,
flowing south and entering the Danube
opposite the Bulgarian town of Ra-
hova, after a course of 200 miles, passes
a mile or two to the west Of Craiova.
List of Industries.
."while trade in cereals, leather and
lumber is the chief occupation of the
Craiovans in peace times. there are
several large rope and carriage fac
tories located here. and the salt mines
of the vicinity are prontably worked.
The town has shown steady growth
for the last quarter of a century until
now. with $1,000 Inhabitants. 1t is the
sixth city of the nation. 1t is 112
miles west of Bucharest. forty miles
north Of the Danube at Rahova: and is
the most important station on the rail-
way line Of 237 miles between the Hun
9arian border town of Verciorova (be-
yond the Iron Gates) and the Rumanian
capital. ~ ,
Romans during their occupation of
Dacia. and in the middle ages the place
played an important role. It was here
that the Wallachian Prince Mircea the
Old defeated the Turkish Sultan Baye-
lid + in 1897 Two hundred years lat
er the most famous of Wallachia's 8
chieftain's, Michael the Brave, held
sway here as ban or governor. after
%efd cS1a Sue Of Hoidavia and rransxI- n xI
vania as well. thus for a brief period
uniting under one ruler the whole Ru-
F, manian people. the end for which mod
ern Rumania Is lighting today.
Standard Of Value.
.rhe leu. which is the standard of
value in Rumania, was first coined in
Craioya. It derives its name from the
figure of a lion stamped on the early
coins. It's value is equal to that of the
French franc (1s cents and frsc-
tion1.
..craiova was for centuries the capital
Of Little wallachia. that division of the
oountry lying between the Ait (Aluta)
river and the Hungarian and Serbiar,
houndar1es to the west"
Evening star., 1916-12-03
The one great hope of the entente at
the present juncture is that Russian
efforts to
Russian Effort force their
H. r.< way through
AASPS Va sAAS to the Hun

AoPe VI tAS 0AseAte. to the Hum
garian plains in the region of Kirlibaba
will be entirely successful and this
diversion will force the Germans to
withdraw material forces from the Ru-
rnanian field to meet the Russian
threat.
But 1t must be stated with absolute
candor this Russian effort, no matter
how laudable its purpose, can have lit
tie immediate effect on the Rumanian
situation. Inasmuch as the Germans
already practically have their hands
upon the valuable grain and oil sec
tions of Rumania. possibly the most
nand's realm. they probably will try to
hold them for long period. notwith-
standing any Russian gains.
The capture of Bucharest will have
but little military advantage for the
Germans but the seizure of the grain
and oil regions. with the vast stores
which the Rumanians have failed to
completely destroy in their precipitate
terially. Once Won Mackensen and Won
Falkenhayn get established in these
regions 1t will take, possibly, greater
resources and power than the Ru-
from these regions.
Had the Russian effort at Kirlibaba.
where the Slavs claim to have captured
important heights. been timed during
the period when the Germans had
progressed no further than the Tran
sylvanian passes, upper and lower,
then 1t would have been a real menace
to Teutontc aspirations Now, it APP
parently Is too late for Russian efforts
in this region to be crowned with the
success desired. for were they able to
move southwark and force Germanic
retirement from the passes leading
through the northern section Of tho
Rumanian frontier Won Falkenhayn
| and Won Mackensen would be left to
pursue the even tenor Of their success
in Rumania for tho simple reason that
| the Teutonic forces operating in these
| northern passes are declared to be
large. and II their numbers really are
material they could hold the rate of
Russian progress southwark down to
the minimum. It would be weeks be-
fore they could progress to a point
where Won Falkenhayn's armies in
western Rumania would begin to think
Of retirement From q purely theoreti-
cal standpoint the Russian effort is .
good one. Looking at It from . practi-
cal anglo It is not expected to accom-
plish muchs at least not before tha
Evening star., 1916-12-03
Bludered in Strategy at the Start and Not Prepared
Meet the Series of Crushing and Be,uildering BloWs
Delivered BY the Central P0,Uers----Hope of
Saluahon NolU Remote One.
By FRANK H. SIMONDS,

Author of "The Great War;"

hundred separated Npen from Eba
conapS pSo hi enpne o
Il which just
wihtn
ltgey, no
all the h
R neab
o
tand
besnnru to had
Evening star., 1916-12-03
ting in the Trente and Trieste re-

ating in the Trente and Trieste re-
gions?
These are but some of the questions
during recent days. These are some
of the questions which have caused
interpretations to be directed to govern
ment officials in all the allied countries
from members of legislative bodies.
forded the man-in-the-street whose
welfare is bound up in the allied cause
to gravely shake his head These are
some of the questions which. in view
be answered by dispatches which have
emanated from various war arenas be-
fore and during the period Of the Ru-
manian invasion.
1t was believed for several months
that once Rumania entered the struggle
the armies of Gen. Serial on the Mac
edonian front would be the ones to
make the Rumanian effort really ef-
fective, it being generally considered
certain that an offensive after months
launched from this quarter immedi-
ately the start of the Rumanian
drive into Pennsylvania The Ruma-
nian armies were believed to have been
for the effort. For period. it Is not
known definitely, their successes were
largely due to the inferiority in num-
bers Of the Austrian forces defending
the Transylvanian passes. Success
seemed to be about to crown the Ru-
manian effort in every respect, but
after the Germans centered their at
tention Upon Bucharest's forces the
tide changed and is now about to en-
gulf the whole Of Rumania.
Although Gen. Serial inausurated
drive along the western section of the
Evening star., 1916-12-03
Why Has Russia
Accomplished No More :?

has not Russia done more?"
Russia's position in recent months
has not been an enviable one. in view
of the sharp division which but re-
Gently made itself apparent in duma
debates. Russia's military endeavor
has been largely in the hands of beau
rocratic chieftains unacquainted with
the actual demands of modern war
fare. Many changes have been made
and still others are impending. owing
to the concerted pressure brought by the
people themselves through representatives
in the duma. Russia never has been
able to exert her greatest powers, be-
cause of the manifest governmental
troubles In adequately handling armies
Evening star., 1916-12-03

and military supply systems. At times
there have been sharp cleavage be-
tween the government officials and
army leaders in the field. The latter
have been to large measure unable
to convince the authorities in Petro-
grad Of the justness of their demands
and as consequence 1t safely may be
declared that tens Of thousands Of Rus
sian soldiers have been forced to death
simply through the lack of adequate
the latter. which SO plainly was mani
fest early in the war, again is being
felt all along the eastern front. ac-
cording to Berlin advices. which de-
clare that there has been noticeable
falling of in Russian artillery fire
since the summer offensive of Cen
Brussilon 1t is believed that the
hating Of the Russian drive toward
Lemberg and Kovel has been large
ly due to the lack of proper guns and
had these in plenty their progress to-
ward these points continued. Russia
continues to get great stores from
Japan and her own munitions factories
for the first time In the war are being
pressed to obtain their fullest output.
SO renewed general activity seems ex-
tremely likely. through great progress
cannot be expected during the winter.
These are but some reasons for Rus
sia's apparent failure to lend greater
chief reason probably lies in the fact
that Rumania's early successes caused
tho Russians and other allies to dis
count to great degree the number Of
Russian reinforcements that would be
needed. When aid did become impera-
tive. the main Russian reinforcements
were long distances away from the
point where they were most needed.
Now that the Germans have traversed
the greater portion Of passes in the
Transylvanian mountains. it will re-
quire an infinitely greater number OF
Slavic troops to stem the 'Germanic
tide than at any time previously.
Until the Russians can muster such
needed forces into Rumania proper
from such points as will not court sim
liar Withdrawals to Rumania of Ger
man forces. 1t is to be expected that
they will continue their efforts to ;di-
vert the enemy in the northern Tran
sylvania country and in lower Buko-
wilma, particularly In the Kirlababa
section.
Evening star., 1916-12-03
SIay Drive at KirIibaba Not Ex-
pected to Influence Teutonic
Campaign at Present.
EFFORT TIMED TOO LATE
TOGET DESIRED RESULTS
But Little Activity on Western
Front Owing to Miserable
Character of Weather.

will ask in hope of possibly unearthing
a lack of coordinate endeavor and
b!unders on the part Of those men at
whom their sharpest darts are being
hurled
AS various reverses for the allied
cause in the present war nave oeen
due to lack of dispatch. so. when the
history of this war is completely writ
ten, there may be chapter devoted
to the allied failure to act with expe-
diton and save Rumania.
There is no question that the cap
ture of Bapaume. Peronne and other
points on the western front would have
changed largely German intentions of
pressing the campaign in the Balkans,
but Notwithstanding this the French
and British have engaged only in bat
ties of minor character during the past
two weeks. This. it is declared. has
been due to the miserable weather
almost wholly unsuited to military en-
deavor of sweeping character.
Likewise have the Italians been COM
paratively idle on the Carso and in the
Trentino regions
Thus it may be seen that where the
entente might have inaugurated Of
fenSive forward drives where thew
would have had an indirect but never
theless wholesome influence in help
ing Rumania solve her difficulties they
have not done 80.
And every hour of delay is bringing
nearer the setting of Rumania's sun
Unless the superhuman powers are ex-
erted Field Marshals Won Falkenhyn
and Won Mackensen will shake hands
and congratulate each other on their
successes in the capital of Bucharest
while Rumanian armies will hold only
the northern section of their country
which also is menaced by German eff
forts to effectively smash through the
passes leading along the northern tier
OF Transylvanian Alps.
y =
Field Marshals Won Falkenhayn and
Won MackenSen having Joined hands at
Evening star., 1916-12-03
Mackensen's Army Small.

When Mackensen struck in the Dob
rudja he could hardly have had more
than 10000 men-the only army. be
it remembered, that was in being when
the Rumanian attack began-that is.
in being in the Balkans and not occu-
pied. This army was mainly Bulgar,
with two Turkish divisions and fair
share of German artillery and artil-
lerists. It was standing along the Bull
garian frontier between the Danube
and the Black sea. facing the territory
which Rumania had taken from Bull
garia in the second Balkan war, but IL
was now far nearer to Bucharest than
were the Rumanian armies in Transyl-
vania.
What followed is clear. Two Ru-
manian divisions were all that re-
manned to face this storm, less than
10000 men against $4,000, and they
were widely separated. one was driven
in on Turtukan and destroyed. the
other fed north from Silistria until it
met the first Russian troops coming
south to begin the invasion OF Bull
garia. The two forces united and stood
along the railroad binding Bucharest
to the Black sea, to ConstanZa and to
the Russian fleets. Meantime the call
for aid went forth to the Rumanan
armies and Rumanian troops were
hastily recalled from the invasion OF
Hungarian territory.
Evening star., 1916-12-03
Signs of a Big
Allied Offensive.


Allied Intensive. planning big Of
fensiye over those fields in Flanders
which were stained crimson early in
the war. During the past week the
British have kept up almost con-
slant bombardment of the German
lines, while frequent trench raids have
been made at various points, notably
Ypres. Armentieres, Neuve ChaDelle and
other points. Berlin records the re-
pulse of a British attack over a two
mile front in this region, but such a
movement on this large scale has not
been mentioned in any OF the omclai
statements emanating from Paris or
London.
In view of the heavy concentration
of German troops in the Somme region
an attack along the northern section
Of the western front would be good
move on the part of the allies. 1t is de-
clared. for assertions frequently nave
been made that most of the troops
moved from the western front to the
Rumanian battlefields by the Germans
have been drawn from Flanders. The
British. possibly knowing this by viz
tue of their aerial activity, have de-
cded to move forward.
The result at the present moment,
of course, is conjectural, but successful
movements in this arena undoubtedly
will have a great weight in deciding
the issue on the Somme and possibly
will bring nearer the day when the
Germans will be forced to make Il
realignment of forces on the western
front in order to shorten their line
and remove the dangerous salients
which have been effected by the sue
cessful efforts of the French and the
British.
During the past week the allies have
repulsed small German attacks east of
-Hamel, near Arras. while the
French have checked the enemy in that
region near Masions Champagne, at
Apremont. southeast of Eerdun. and
at File le Mort. The Germans claim
to have scored successes in checking
the foe in the ST. Piarre Vaast wood
and in the neighborhood of Givenchy.
On the long battle line in the east
ern arena but few attacks and counter
attacks recently have been made by
the Germans and the Russians. The
Russians claim to have repulsed enemy
attacks near Labusy and Nagoria, on
the River Shara, and a small enemy
endeavor at Pustomyty. while the
Germans claim to have checked the
Russians in the vicinity of Krashim
and in the upper Styr region.
Evening star., 1916-12-03
100000 Men to Hungary.

In the beginning the Rumanians sent
nearly 300,0 900 men into Hungarian ter
ritory, their whole field army crossed the
passes of the Transylvanian Alps from
the Bukovina to the Danube; villages.
towns. cities fell to the invaders until the
Rumanian conquest had swept over near
'ly all of that portion of Pennsylvania
which lies between the outstretched arms
of northern and western Rumania. We
had from Berlin and Vienna frank fore
casts of further retreats until the central
powers stood on a line from Dorna Watra
to Orsoya.
Yet, as it now appears. the Rumanian
blow was delivered in thin air. The in
vasion swept on with only the mildest of
resistance until the proper moment came
until the mass of the Rumanian armies
were many miles beyond their frontiers
and far away from the Rumanian capi-
tai. Here we touch a high water mark
quite comparable with that in early Au-
gust VIXEN one French army occupied
Mulhausen. another approached Saarburg
and the German advance through Bel
GUM was still undisclosed
Evening star., 1916-12-03
S1
Have Better Chance forced in Il
Of Forcing a Change. po 49,. -

chance Of effecting change in the
they do not prevent the capture of the
Rumanian capital. These forces oc-
cupy line few miles north of the
Constanza- -Cernavoda railroad. and if
they once can get started and push the
enemy southwark over existing COM
paratively level territory, they may
force Won Mackensen to curtail his
activities in Rumania proper i'll order
to prevent an invasion of Bulgaria and
enemy flanking operating to the south
of his present line over the Danube.
The salvation of Rumania, though it
phobably is still remote. probably Will
lie in combined Russian movements
in the Kirlibaba regions, in those sec
tions of Rumania lying to the north of
Bucharest and in the Dobrudja. Tenn
porary or isolated success will not do.
The Russians and Rumanians must
score steady progress in all three sec
Teutonic plans of aggression are to be
materially altered and there is no rea-
son, in light of most recent events. to
believe that even under the most try
ing circumstances. during the next
few weeks, possibly months. the Ger
mans will not be able to hold their
own.
While this Russian and Rumanian ef-
fort is progressing, Won Falkenhayn and
Won Mackensen will continue their OPP
erations in Rumania proper.
1t would appear at the present juno.
ture that all of the southern section or
Rumania is to be overrun Whether or
not the Germans are able to hold their
gains still is another question,
Although the entente forces have
ha
Evening star., 1916-12-03
Russ Have Task
Of Aiding Rumania.

to the Rumanians. but the task. would
appear to be Of the most difficult char
acter, particularly in Wow Of the COM
plete upset Of allied plans by the
speedy overrunning Of King Ferdinand's 8
realm.
But the question naturally IL asked.
why could not the allies have speeded
up their effort just as the Germans did
theirs, particularly in view Of the fact
that German intentions as to Rufnania
were openly announced some time be-
fore the main drive beganf
This will continue to be the moot
question generally and the one that
critics Of the respective entente gov
lgnmsnEa ana- military loadsS1 surely
Evening star., 1916-12-03

ter Of the country which must be ira
versed in any direction which they
may choose to move.
Evening star., 1916-12-03
Rumanian Folk
Are Now Fearful.


they entered the present struggle. now
are fearful, extremely so. that the
hands of fate's clock slowly. yet new
ertheless surely, are creeping forward
toward that hour when all aspirations
will be crushed almost beyor-l the
hope of rehabilitation. The conviction
now is expressed in neutral nations
and the apprehension voiced in allied
capitals that Rumania soon will be in
the hands of the Austro-German. Bull
garian and Turkish forces, which are
pressing the little nation from prac
tically all quarters.
While this conviction grows the
question frequently has been asked
during recent days whether or not
the stronger entente powers. with their
wonderful armaments. their numeri-
cal1y superior armies and their vast
stores of modern war equipment, are
to sit idly by. watching the slow
tinction of Rumania, similar to that
suffered by Belgium, and extremely
like that of Serbia and Montenegro.
Why are the allies not bringing
greater pressure to bear in other quar-
ters. that the Rumanians may have at
least temporary surcease from their
dire perplexities?
Why have the allies delayed so long
impossible. to render direct assistance to
the Rumanians?
Are the entente powers unable, not
withstanding their seIf-proclaimed su-
periority. so lacking in cohesiveness
and definite military plans that an Of
fensive in other arenas cannot be
started along such lines that the Ger
mans will have TO cease their Ruma-
nian effort. in view of danger else
where?
Is IT possible that history must re-
cord another grave blunder on the part
Of the allied military leaders?
Is II possible that the entente will
let Rumania be overrun. a martyr to
military procrastination?
Although II is stanchly believed in
many quarters throughout the world
that in the end
Entente Endeavor the entente pow
-. =. ers, by virtue of
in numbers of men and military equip
ment-which have been admitted by
the German imperial chancellor-will
emerge from the present struggle vic
tor. entente purposes and entente en-
Evening star., 1916-12-03

sen struck in the Dobrudja. With his
blow. the offensive. the initiative. passed
to the central powers and since that mo-
ment they have been raining blows with
bewildering rapdity and in a confusing
number of places. Indeed. it Is only to-
day, when the junction between Falken-
hayn and Mackensen is announced. that
out of the fog of what has happened
there begins TO emerge a clear forecast
of what is to come