davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-03-24
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preserved OF all with the exception
of the Alamo. The Conception was
commenced in 171s and completed In
1731. At first 1t was simple struc-
ture of wood for the Indians knew
nothing even of wood structure at
that time. and when the priests as
sisted by the soldiers started to erect
the log Mission the Indians crept UP
and 9axed in wonder at the work.
Finally they asked permission to help
and this was encouraged by the
priests. The padres had little to offer
as a wage, but the Indian was easily
satisfied piece of red cloth. few
beads or a colored picture was eagerly
accepted as a days wage. Finally,
when the big shack was finished and
mass was said before the altar, the
Indians listened In wonderment. Then
they were eager to learn more of the
Christ, so II came to pass that the
good fathers taught them trades as
well as religion as the great stone edi-
fice will attest. Even in this present
day the building of structures like
the Conception would be no easy task
without the aid OF skilled labor and
machinery. There everything had to
be done by hand and without the as
distance of machinery except of the
most primitive kind. The Mission Is
built In the shape of cross, with the
towers forming two wings at the foot
Of the cross. In the rear Is big
Moorish dome entirely different from
the usual architecture OF Missions.
Over the doorway are words which
translated into English read-"with
these arms be mindful to the Missions
Patroness and Princess, and defend
cor vindicate) the state OF her purity"
,hove this there. Is a knotted sceurge
~ q. Francis carved into the stone.
Each of the towers have beifries and
at their bases are rooms about eleven
feet square, the one on the right being
used as a baptistry and one on the
LEFT as a vestry. The upper stories OF
the towers each have four lookout
windows OF plain Roman arches. The
-alls of the church are about four
feet thick and in the early days were
frescoed with red and blue with bits
of yellow. This has nearly disap-
peared. yet the whole outer aspect OF
the church. rising as II does out Of a
wilderness of brush. fills one with a
sense of delight Inside. the stone roof
of the Chapel with its series of arches
and central dome IL massive but plain.
In each wing of the cross are altar
places. and In the west end Is the
choir loft. The east Chapel has been
partially restored and there IL figure
of Our Lady OF Lourdes back OF the
altar. After It's restoration In 1881
the Chapel was rededicated to this
particular saint. There are cells.
cloisters, and many chambers In the
Mission proper, but these have fallen
to decay and are the home Of bats and
owls About the middle of the
eighteenth century the Missi O n
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-03-24
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struction of the guns that they are
later to clean and repair and fire and
they learn 1t from the inside out not
from the outside In, as do SO many
modern repair men in ell lines. To
appreciate the force OF the logic that
applies in this matter OF gunnery just
ask a dozen motorists who they pre-
fer to have tinker around their cars
when adjustments are necessary.
Eleven out of the twelve will ex-
press a strong preference for the fac
tory-trained mechanic who knows the
car SIS no one can but man who
has had experience in building and as
sembiing its various parts.
Precisely the same thing holds good
of gunners in the U. S. Navy. The
worth of a 100000 dreadnaught
depends on the efficiency of her gun
Crews To make sure OF that efh-
cheney and to make that efficiency well
grounded the picked men chosen to
handle the big guns are not allowed
to take posts OF responsibility until
they have spent half year on pro-
baton Sin the factory" Here they
take a hand in the making of guns
OF all calibres: they grow accus-
toned to taking down and reassemb-
ling the most delicately adjusted
pieces of naval ordnance: and they
gain an intimate knowledge OF ammu-
milton, rounding out their schooling
with a postgraduate course at the
nations big smokeless powder rae
tory at Indian Head. Maryland.
when a gunnery specialist has been
Through the mili'' nothing about
biS gun. not even the intricate breech
mechanism has any terrors for him.
He has the whole subject at his finger
tins. and he needs 1t. for upon him
and his fellows devolves the task OF
keeping the guns aboard ahip In re-
pair. II. during target practice. g
spring or bit of mechanism breaks.
these factory-trained specialists must
be able to go into the ships shops and
forge, finish and install new piece.
Other naval specialists might be emu
merated, but these are the principal
ones In conclusion, however. pass-
ing word of recognition should be
given to the torpedo specialists OF tho
Navy - like the gunners, factory
trained. Torpedoes will play an i'm
portant part in the next war. a. they
have In the present. and II Is comfort
ing to know that the Navy has men
who specialize with respect to these
cigar-shaped messengers OF desfruc-
ton. even as other men specialize or
submarines.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-03-24

School at Norfolk. Virginia. whore he
will spend from three to six months
learning to be q carpenter. q black
smith. q painter or = plumber. OF
course. Uncle Sam teaches the re-
spective trades with an eye. always to
the work to be performed on ship
board. The young carpenter doesn't
spend any time learning how to build
picket fences, but he does spend time
learning how to calk seams In wooden
decks and how TO repair boats
Homcly Pursuits Of Some Naval
Specialist
trim. A ship might be compared to
a big mandatory: the machine shop
is important but 30 10 the once. Fol-
lowing that train Of thought, we might
60 down into the bowels Of the armor-
clad and Ind At work over books
and typewriters . group Of men that
the average citizen never associates
with warship routine. These naval
specialists are known ~ men OF the
ieoman Branch. but In civil life We
would speak Of them a. clerks and STE
nographers, correspondents, account
ants and paymasters. Alike to the
Then there are the men Of the Hos
pitai Corps who are specialists II there
ever was q specialist. ana to show
how complete II this network OF spe-
c,aiists aboard wArship II may b.
mentioned In passing that each ship
has its Pharmacist or Chief PharmA-
cist We tap our feet when the ships
band plays on deck or on shore. but
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-03-24

the Civil War came on and the prof.
ect was abandoned.
Capistrano.
Tho Mission San Juan Capstrano IA
named In honor OF Santa Giovanni dt
Capistrano. friar of the Franciscan
order. 1t is now a moss covered ruin.
Typically Spanish in construction, IL
stands out like some ancient ruin of
sunny Spain, Even the roof OF the
Chapel Is gone and the frescoes have
been ruined BY the rain. At the south
end there Is q small sacristy where
a few of the statues and bric-a- brac
of the old days are preserved. The
pillars and columns show decidedly
Moorish caste In both shape and coll
oring. Curious figures OF boys play
ing on musical instruments are carved
over the doors-~one, q violin player
Is the best preserved. being frescoed
in color. The Mission has a tower.
and in the middle arch there was
bell. The structure dates back to
1891.
Espada.
The Mission san Francisco de la
ESpAua was commenced In lTl6 ana
completed In 1880. and dedicated to
st. Francis. the founder of the Fran
ciscans, called Espada or sword. Ira
dition tells us that the old tower OF
the Chapel was built In the form of a
hilt of sword and that the magma
ton of the founders supplied length
to the blade to complete the similarity
to the whole weapon. This Mission
Is the least attractive of them all and
seems to have been sort of fortress
as there are holes for both cannon
and muskets in the walls. The parts
which have been restored show Moor
ish shapes and lines. although 1t In
no way compares with the San Jose
Mission
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-03-24

Square enclosed about four acres,
while the brothers Of the Mission
owned about one hundred acres OUT
side.
During the fight for the independ-
ence of Texas the Mission was used
for the Quartering OF troops. This
was In 1898. and again in 1919 after
the Mexican war.
San Jose.
The Mission of San Jose, familia rly
known as the Second Mission, was
founded in 49, II is the most beau
tiful of all on account of the exquisite
carvings on the facade, it's Moorish
outlines and its classic windows. The
draperies Of the figures of the Virgin
and Saints chiselied in stone are done
with such skill as to resemble the
nlmy lace of a bridal veil. There are
Sacred Hearts. cherub heads. couch
like canopies and wonderful cornices,
The greater part Of the carving is the
work Of the Spanish artist Huicar, who
devoted many of the best years of his
life to the work. The lines of the
Mission are q Joy forever to the lover
Of art and its windows with their
graceful curves and beautiful carv-
ings are In exquisite taste. The south
window. of the baptistry Is considered
by art connoisseurs as 'the finest gem
OF architectural ornamentation existing
In America today" Unfortunately
even this has not escaped the van
dais. A part Of the Chapel stiil stands
and has been decorated In gaudS
style by the Mexican women who Hive
nearby. Two or three old dust-covered
pictures said to be scenes from the
life of ST. Joseph hang on the wall
In 1889 several Benedictine Fathers
from Pittsburgh came to the Mission
for the purpose of restoring It. but
before much had been accomplishe ed
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-03-24
kperts All, Aboard Our Warships, Instead Of the
Jacks-of-An- Trades of Former Years So Tars
That Know One Thing and Know 1t Well.
Copyright. is1e By The International Syndicate

phasixed Just here that the Govern
ment has no enthusiasm for the idea
OF attempting to make experts out OF
absolutely green material.
The officials realize that most OF
the young men who are saving and
hammering and soldering and INSTALL
ing electrical conduits aboard a
"peacemaker" flying the Stars and
Stripes have not taken up the naval
vocation as q life work, They expect
them to return to civil life after a
time. and they are well content to
proceed on that basis. but perhaps
for that very reason the naval au-
thorities do not undertake to make
a specialist out of a recruit unless he
has had some little experience in the
trade he inclines to take up. or at
least displays exceptional aptitude In
that direction.
II q newcomer In the navy does
qualify he is detailed for a course OF
instruction at one or another of the
technical schools which have been es-
tablished by the Navy Department
system of schools which proves how
thoroughly Uncle Sam has gone into
this very important sort Of prepared
ness. Any electrician by trade who
can pass the examination for entrance
to the Navy as general electrician
can have course OF instruction At
one or the other of the Navy electro
cal schools. located at Brooklyn, NJ.
". and Mare Island. Cal. and II he
knows the Morse code and has a smat-
terine OF knowledge Of telegraphy
tharu a. No reaknn why the new re-
cruit should not. II he choose. special
ixe In radio work--work that Is mighty
profitable in this wireless age.
Or. II a young man expects to make
his livelihood In the building trades
or as building contractor and has
the good sense to know that his best
start Is under the guidance OF Uncle
Sam he can attend the Navy Artificer
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-03-24

not unlike that OF Mexico and the good
padres decided TO establish their head
quarters at San Antonio.
The Alamo.
Their first Mission was the Alamo.
now known In history because OF Its
being bathed in the blood of patriotic
Texans during their struggle against
Santa Anna In 1885. The horrors OF
the besieging OF this handful of Tex
ans who were In the Alamo by an
army OF from three to four thousand
Mexicans and the brutal killing OF
Colonel James Bowie. who was at the
time Ill with typhoid fever. and one
hundred and eighty-two others. In too
we'll known to need repetition here,
sufface to say that the Alamo is one
OF Americas most venerated shrines.
for the heroism of these men ranks
with that shown at Thermopyiae and
in the charge OF Balkalava. This
building stands In the heart Of the
city and is fairly well preserved vis-
,+o~s are shown fhe room in which
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-03-24

we do not stop TO think that every
man. from the bandmaster to the
drummer. - specialist and must be
recognised N such or he would not
have his position.
Even the homely household pur-
suits are giorif1ed by specialization on
the up-to-date wafship. No wonder.
for II = no slight task to satisfy hun
dreds OF star boarders, their appetites
whsttsd BY the sea air. A Naval chef
has . numerous corps Of assistants.
each Of whom specialixes In one line
Just ~ do the members Of the culin-
nary corps OF big hotel and paral-
leiing the cooks In importance are the
bakers-bakers that are not only pro-
ncient IN evening bread and pies. but
can. upon provocation. produce con-
fectionery that would make hit In a
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-03-24

Bowie was lying Ill at the time OF the
fight and told how the Mexican SOL
diers raised him on their bayonets
and carried him around the room
while his life blood ran in streams
over their shoulders; the great pillars
behind which the TEXANS took refuge
and ared at the Mextcans: thu old
doors with the marks OF the Andbax
barbados used and many other In
teresting things.
In the early days the building was
known ~ the Mission san Antonio de
vaiero, and It's erection Ii said TO
date back to ms. II was not re-
garded by the Franciscans a. their
most successful Mission nor In its ar
chitecture as graceful and picturesque
as many Of the others. II was the
siege Of March 9. 1888. which makes
II famous. The other Missions are
different In many ways-they are
larger and have finer carvings. but at
present. with the exception OF one.
thew rre IN ~~sve ruins
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-03-24

~ ONE. gone for all time In your
jolly naval tar who was In lit
! eral truth q jAck-of-all-trades.
who could do carpenfering as
q - he could splice a rope and
y could solder q pan as readily as
| could furi . sail. Tho versatile
lor man. Of .yore has been succeed
|-Af least upon our warships-by
naval specialist II 10 a most
|portant phase Of preparedness. al
bugh. withai, a phase that was In
bnratsd without waiting for the
ant European war to disclose its
~
oamen-Abie seamen they always
In storfes-are about as scarce
- day. on . highly organized float
fortress a. unskiiled iaborers are
I'm automobile plant. The modern
|Eship has no sails and there are
tenious burden bearers for doing
heavy work such as hosting
lard ammunition and lowering away
~ 70 that you see there Is really
al need for the old-time handy
- who sailed before the mast. But
hor new status OF q gigantic ma
lme shop. the modern battleship has
"a OF no end OF men who know
- to manipulate metals; who can
)clly repair any mechanical device
{ who know ~ much about the
bGac current and liquid fuel and
|mpressed air and internal combus.
= engines AZ the old-time tar did
bat wind and wave and the sway
topmast. Hence. exit the hero
| the clipper ship: enter the skilled
k1ean who has his work bench be-
u the water-line.
49, oazn, Technical schooimaster.
n u ono OF the really big things
|ths are. tho work Uncle Sam Is
)ne u ccaching the mechanical and
|ctrical specialists Of our new navy
| shoaid perhaps. however. be en-
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-03-24

the time and ammunition expended
every year in naval target practice.
But on top Of that the Government
maintains technical school for gun
ners just as there are provided. as
has been explained. technical schools
for the grooming OF naval electricians
and machinists and artisans. The
School for Seamen Gunners Is located
at Washington. p. c.. in order that
our marksmen In the making may
have an opportunity to pursue their
practical studies In the great Naval
Gun Factory where the shooting irons
for our warships are manufactured
Learning From the Inside Out.
It Is not the mere theory Of gun
merry that our premier naval special
lists learn during this six months in
the gun shops. They learn the con-
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-03-24
D1e ar e N171zs
WzI201IS>y l@Ae
e5z2 cI1re AL0UNa,2

Now comes the news that these sa-
cred churches are to be restored Al q
complete rehabilitation Of the edifices
In q part Of the program OF the com
mittee who 10 In charge OF the cele-
oration OF San Ahtonto's two hun
dredth anniversary. Cardinal Glib
bons has already expressed himself az
In favor OF the restoration and re-
Gently In speaking OF the Texas move
mont to this end. the eminent divine
declared: "They honor themselves In
honortng the memory Of these men. i"
These cid ruined churches. white no.
a. we'll known as those OF THE Kings
Highway" Of California. are cutie as
large and In one or two instances
more beautiful than those of the
Golden State. p
Mission Conception.
The Mission Conception is the hess
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-03-24
girls boarding school.
Gun Play BY Specialist.

Specialization Ii universal In the y.
8. Navy, these days. but In this brief
summary concentrated effort in many
different directions we have. fear.
been putting the cart before the hprss
II such a simile can be employed In
connection with . maritime topic.
Presumably the chief business OF q
lighting ship IL to nghts and yet we
have been neglectins that phase OF
the subject But never fear. the the
Org Of specialization holds good here.
too. II there ever were specialists
worthy the name they are the mighty
gunner who point and nre the big
bankers of the battieship Hest. For
nerve and skill and precision. pour
diamond-cutter nor your steeple-Jack
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-03-24

Picturesque Franciscan
Missions Which Are To
BE Restored In Time for
The Celebration Of the
Two Hundredth Ami
versary Of the City Of
San Antonio.
peDyr1ghs, 1e1o. oy The International
eradicate.

poDyx1ghk, 1910, oy The International
eyndtcata
~ HEN one speaks of the old
Missions OF the United States,
4 those Of California are sup
" posed to be meant. yet
Forever the Spanish explorer went
q teft settlements there you will find
- monuments established through
heroism and self-sacrifce OF the
|naish padres who founded and
antained these Missions for the
eeAd OF the Christian religion.
sxas was irst under Spanish con-
n and later passed under tina do
'nlon Of Mexico. In the southern
Southwestern part OF that great
~ may be found sti1i existing EVIL
bees Of the old Spanish rule and
DEoms and not the least Interesting
these are the Missions located a
|btt distance from the delightful lit
city Of Ban Antonio. Because OF
climate In this section the place
the Missions was known In the
ny days as tho Valley of the Hearts
Hight. and here the Franciscan Fa-
- came two hundred years ago
b . Bible In one hand and n sword
the other. battling against heavy
III to establish tho Christian religion
this Wilderness Tire climate was
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1916-03-24
12@CZTNW7p Dec2H2ZyZ.
Za1eaho0zn$ ar RztclsZhzS

nor yet your military aeroplanist has
anything on the men who stand be-
hind the guns In the battleship tur-
rets and whose trigger fingers must
be trained to make due allowance for
the rolling and pitching Of the ship
that serves as portable gun platform.
In gunnery of oil pursuits 1T would
appear that the way to learn to do a
thing is to do II. Well. Uncle Sam
subscribes to that theory. as witness
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1916-10-06


called war vessel, and protected her
in American waters until she got
away.
Morgan & Co., who are the fiscal
agents of the Allies in this country,
and who secured their American
loans, are against Wilson. So are the
millionaire munitions manufacturers
who have made millions out of the
Allies.
Great pressure has been put upon
Wilson to plunge this country into
the European war against Germany,
and into a war of conquest on Mex
leo. He stood like rock against all
this pressure and has prevented our
country from going to war either
against Germany or Mexico. Had
Roosevelt been president we would
probably be at war with Germany
now, either becaUse-of the invasion
of Belgium or the sinking of the Lu-
sitania.'
Wilson didn't double-cross the
public on anything. He was for
peace, not war. And he didn't start
the agitation for preparedness. He
did yield, however, to the public de-
mand for preparedness when the big
war changed the situation in this
country, and continued agitation
changed public opinion as to pre-
paredness, and the country demand
ed bigger army and navy. But by
yielding on the bigger navy, Wilson
outwitted the Wall street demand for
a much bigger standing army than.
congress had provided for. Wilson
k ew that fear Of German or Japan
csc invasion was not the real reason
for Wall streets demand, but that
the secret purpose was to get a big
standing army to break strikes and
keep American labor in subsection.
Wilson went no further in prepared
ness than majority public opinion de-
manded.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1916-10-06

Democratic congress under his lead
ership has met nearly all of the de-
mands of the Progressives and much
that the Socialists demanded. We
are building a goVernment-owned
railway in Alaska. The Federal Re-
serve Banking law has taken control
of the nations finances out of the
hands of Wall street and made
Wall stTeet-made panics impossible.
Among other things done for labor
may be included - the child labor
law; workmen's compensation; the
8-hOur day; creation of a department
of labor, with a labor man in the
cabinet; appointment of Brandeis
and Clarke on the supreme court
bench; appointment of Frank P.
Walsh as head of the Industrial Rela-
lions commission; investigation and
publicity of the Colorado coal strike
and Ludlow massacre; recognition of
the S-hOur day as a principle, that is
not arbitrable; the Clayton act de-
cIaring labor is not a commodity,
taking labor and farmers Organiza-
tons out of the antitrust act; Imita-
ton of use of intunctions against
labor restricting punishment for
contempt of court; passage of sea-
mems act; 8-hour day for women
workers in District Of Columbia;
S-hour day for government employees
in Alaska coal field; speeding-up
Taylor system prohibited in govern
ment army-navy work. public con-
struction Of battleships.
Much of the Wall street hostility to
Wilson is because of what his admin
istratiOn has done for labor. One
reason for Big Business hostility is
his firm stand for the S-hOur day on
railroads, and the fear of Big Bust
ness that it means the 8-hour day in
all, industries in this country. An
other is that he wouldn't send an
6,.,,,,, Of EOO OOO drafted JyOrlzin oman
The Washington times., 1916-06-27

all the ardor Of his sincere tsmpera-
ment.> In one Of his remarkably
frank and revelatory public speeches
later he said II was the invasion
Of Belgium which swayed him.
The part HI. has played In adjust
ing labor disputes and the liquor
question, to mention only his most
spectacular activities, must be reck-
oned when the history Of this war 10
written. Now comes the prospect Of
success In his Irish mission. Premier
Asquith's recent announcement that
nothing has been done toward filing
Lord Kitchener's post as minister Of
war makes It seem probable that
this place is being reserved, as has
been rumored, to engage the atten-
ton Of the governments general
utility man so soon as his present
job Is done. And Great Britain IL
to look upon that work as
successfully done which is placed in
the hands OF Lloyd George.