davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1916-03-19
independent State in Midst of Mexican Anarch3
~ the All Mex-Refu
o Its and

formation. They were quite content to
maintain their own status until the
socalled stitutional convention
should be held next September. In the
meantime. even though CarranZa might
get control of the city of OaXaca, the
state would refuse to recognize him as
the supreme authority.
There is a strategic motive back OF
the desire of the CarranZa government
to establish its military force in Oxaca
This is to insure undisputed control OF
the 1sthmus of Tehuantepec with the
railway which traverses il from ocean
to ocean
Nominally. Carranza has been in con-
troll of this railway and has operated
it intermittently. When the Culebra
slides closed the Panama canal, the
big steampship company which was
using the canal for the transportation
of Hawaiian sugar entered upon nego-
tiations for the use of the Tehuantepec
railway. The negotiations came to
nothing. because Carranza wanted the
company to agree to use the railway
for two years. His government was
ready to give assurances that the line
would be operated.
The company did not care to enter
into contract for SO long a period,
and consequently the ability of Car
rama to operate the railway contin-
uously has not been put to the test
But il the Carranzistas can establish
their military control in Oaxaca they
will be in better position to main
tain the railway in operation. They
will also be more likely to secure full
recognition of their authority in the
neighboring state of Chiapas, which
they have not had heretofore
Oaxaca has been in some sort of alli-
ance with Chiapas, which also has been
at least partially independent of the
revolutionary factions. This alliance
apparently has been effective enough
to limit the activities of the bandits
passing from one state into the other.
1t also has been strong enough thus
far to make more difficult the task of
any central government in Mexico City
establishing the authority of anybody
whom Carranza may name as military
commander.
Oaxaca, so far as known. is ready to
renew the offer it made some time ago
to mediate between the contending fac
tions. This was a formal proposition,
and was based on OaXaca's own free
Evening star., 1916-03-19

that is maintained toward the different
revolutionary factions. 1t lies In the
heart of southern Mexico. The states
of Puebla and Vera Cruz border 1t on
the north. while on the south and east
is the state of Chiapas. The Pacific
coast frontage is extensive.
There are not many ways in and out
Of Oaxaca. but they are numerous
enough to afford easy access from the
Atlantic coast. There used to be rail
way communication from Vera Cruz
and Mexico city by way of Pueblo The
rail distance from Pueblo is about 226
miles. Since the revolutions began rail
communication has been broken. but it
has been possible 10 fill in the gaps by
ordinary means of travel and the city
of Oaxaca at all times has been acces-
sible.
From the Pacific coast the chief route
is over the difficult mountain trails
from the splendid port of Acapulco.
These trails are terrific. yet they have
been Travelled since the time of the
Spanish conouerors, and notwithstand- =
ing their difficulty they may fairly be
considered main Travelled routes. OAK
aca is also accessible from the Isthmus
OF Tehuantepec, which is part of the
state itself.
tourists and travellers as the starting
point for the mysterious ruins Of Militia.
which have puzzled archeologistS and
will continue to puzzle them until some
one mas a SOlullOT, just as tne SOiu-
tion of the Egyptian hieroglyphics was
found and the key unlocked to the his
tory of Egypt. 1t is only twenty Ave
or thirty miles by a passable roadway
from Oaxaca to Militia. The wagon
travel, while not particularly comforta-
BILE, has the merit of not being too pro-
longed.
There are other ruins besides those
of Militia adjacent to Oaxaca city, and
the whole region has been described as
the paradise of the archeologist
Oaxaca. the capital, has a history
that goes back like the ruins of
Militia. 1t was a city before the Span
iards came. Cortez and his followers
did not make much of it. and in the
middle of the sixteenth century it had
come to be reduced to village of FIVE
or six hundred inhabitants. That was
not unusual feature of Spanish con-
quest.
More than a century ago Oaxaca
played its full part in the struggles for
freedom from Spain. 1t was the thea
ter of much bloody fighting. Half a
century later it was the theater of fur
ther fighting against the French troops
who were seeking to establish Maxi
Evening star., 1916-03-19

States. Americans who understand the
complexity of the whole Mexican prob
lem and the difficulty of working out
solution, because Of the character OF
the Indian population, may be able to
point to Oaxaca as an example that the
Indian race is not entirely lacking in
capacity for government.
The answer may be that while this
may be true of the Zapotecs, il is most
decidedly not true of the numerous
other Indian races. Yet a state which
could produce from its Indian blood
Benito JuareZ, Portirio Diaz, Ignacio
Mariscal and Minister Romero would
men of ability and of the qualities
which are necessary to help Mexico
save itself from itself. The independ-
ent republican government which the
state has maintained during three
years of anarchy would seem to be
further proof.
Evening star., 1916-03-19
BY CHARLES M. PEPPER.

~ AXACA is the unique state in
m " Mexico. 1t has maintained its
w independent identity for more
" than two years. The disputed
degree to which Carranzas power has
extended over ii does not destroy this
identity. Oaxaca will not merge itself
completely into any government until
il is known that the government is a
real one.
Conflicting reports are heard. from
time to time, about the conditions in
Oaxaca. The military situation cannot
be predicted week in advance and
may be dismissed temporarily from con-
sideration.
What is known is that in the midst
of anarchy oaXaca has maintained
fairly good local government and is
Evening star., 1916-03-19
Brought Out.

N1ISS JANE ADDAMS contradicted
4V0 at Hull House, in Chicago. the
idea that poverty and hardship are
good developers of character.
"Adversity brings people out, yes"
said the great philanthropist. out 1t
the elbows"
Evening star., 1916-03-19

but slightly affected by ordinary solvents.
but are readily attacked by hydrofluorfc
acids. Harry James Powell, of the
great White Friars glass works, London.
and who was a member of the commit
tee of six appointed by the London board
OF education to prepare the scheme for
the Encouragement of the art collection
of the Victoria and Albert Museum. is
the author of numerous standard books
and ESSAYS on the art of glassmaking.
In fact, there is very extensive blbh-
ography on the subject Of glass.
1t is one of the worlds old industries.
Some authors have assumed that the
birthplace of the glassmaking industry
was Egypt. There are many reasons Tor
that assumption. Glass is found in the
very early period of Egypt, vessels and
fragments having been recovered from
the Oldest tombs and the oldest arch
Biological deposits. In Egypt all the
materials for the production of glass
were to be obtained and the Egyptian
pottery workers knew a good deal about
vitreouS glaZes and vitreous colors.
The Egyptians turned their hands
very early in the lifetime of the world
to the industrial arts. and because of
these facts many students of the his
tory of glass incline to the belief that
the art originated in the great land
of the Nile. However. Pliny gives the
credit of the discovery of the art of
making glass to the Syrians, and Harry
James Powell says. that the geo
graphical position Of Syria. its forests
as a source of fuel and it's deposits of
sand add obabilfty to the tradition
which Pliny recorded Mr.. Powell has
also written that the story that a
glasslilie substance WAS found by
Phoenicians under their cooking pots
ought not to be discarded as fiction,
because the pots We're supported on
blocks of natron. which is an impure
form of carbonate of soda, and the
heat may have caused this and the
sand to combine and form slicate of
soda, a CLASSY substance.
Glass and its manufacture were
known many centuries before the
thought came to anybody that win
dows might be made of it. The first
mention of the use of window glass
is to be found in the writings of
Lactantius, who lived in the third CEN
tury after Christ. st. Jerome also men
tions the use of window glass about
422 AD, and il is related that Bene-
dict Biscop introduced glass windows
into Britain about the year 675. 1t is
plain that the use of glass in the win
dows of churches came into quite gen
eral use in the older Christian parts
of the world during the third century
The Assyrians, the Phoenicians, the
Greeks aud the Etruscans were ac-
uuainted with the art of slasSmak king
and by those peoples many beautiful
objects were wrought in glass The
Romans, ii is recorded, attained pc
culiar excellence in making glass, and
1hey applied glass TO variety of uses
Among the best specimens of their art
were the vases adorned with engraved
figures in relief These vases were
sometimes transparent. sometimes OF
different colors on dark ground and
Evening star., 1916-03-19

unique on that account as we'll as for
other reasons. 1t really has been a
self-governing republic. 1t has con-
Quoted its own local affairs entirely in
dependent of the bandit leaders, who.
under the guise of military command
ers. roamed through southern Mexico.
y
Zapata never has gained a foothold
there. The constitutionalist cause.
whether ambulatory or stationary for a
period al some point in central Mexico.
has been too far away for Oaxaca to
take note of ii. Mexico City has been
occupied by too many factions for OAK
aca to recognize it as the central cap
Ital of government.
The geographical situation of Oaxaca
has something to do with the attitude
Evening star., 1916-03-19

BALTIMORE

hers, D. H. Martin. D. D.: G. E. Williams
and district superintendents of the CON
ference. Revs. Edward Hays, D. D.; J.
st. Clair Neale, d. D.: w. w. Barnes,
u. D.: w. L. MacDowell. d. D.: j. II.
Heisse, u. D., and L. L. Watson, D. D.
Evening star., 1916-03-19

odist Episcopal Church. and Mr.. Sum
merfield Baldwin of Baltimore. presi-
dent of the lay electoral conference.
Brief addresses will also be made by
members of the annual and the, lay
electoral conference.
At the evening service March 81. at
which Bishop Cranston viii also pre-
side, the President of the United States
has promised to be present and to ad
dress the meeting. Addresses Will also
be maGe by Bishops cranston and Hen
derson. special feature of this sery
ice will be the singing OF the national
anthem. Other features will refer to
the proposed monument to Bishop AS
bury. to be erected in Washington, in
which project all the various Methodist
bodies of the country are associated.
The program is under the charge Of
the Asbury Memorial Association, of
which Rev. H. n Carroll. LII. d, is
secretary. and Rev. c. Herbert Rich
ardson, ID. d., endowment secretary of
the Baltimore Conference, assisted by
committee of Revs. G.. l.. White. chair
man: w. r. Wedderspoon. D. D.; L. c.
Clark. d. D.: F. NJ. Mccoy. L M. Cham
Evening star., 1916-03-19
LA sOLEDAD. A PICTURE

lContinued from Third Page )
Evening star., 1916-03-19

riscal that Mexico maintained such
good relations with the United States
during the period of her supposed up
building.
Evening star., 1916-03-19

From theuceforth. for thirty-two
years. the bishop was faithful to his
Omaha daily bee., 1916-02-26
DEPUTIES OF FRANCE
CONGRATULATE THE DUMA

PARIS. Feb. 3-The Chamber OF Dep
uties today telegraphed the Russian
Duma it's ardent sympathy with the
Duma on resumption OF its sessions In its
announced determination TO carry the
war to a successful conclusion. The tel
egram also congratulated the Duma on
the capture OF Erzerun by the Russians.
Omaha daily bee., 1916-02-26
ROOSEVELT ARRIVES AT
BARBADOS WITH HIS WIFE

BARBADOS. b. w. l.. Feb. 8.-colonel
Theodore Roosevelt and Mrs. Roosevelt
arrived here today and proceeded 10
Demerara. British Guinea. They will so
from Dsmerara TO Trinidad. where they
will take a steamer direct 10 New York.
Both Colonel Roosevelt and Mrs. Roose-
welt are in good health.
Omaha daily bee., 1916-02-26
REAL SHORTCOMINGS

tNGNG ~ y - GfNNaaFaNN+-
CHEAi@'rwelvc 4-room and bath apart
ment house In Kansas city, favorablN
located and all rented. Might con
slider trade Tor good western Iowa or
eastern Nebraska farm. General Man
camille Co. Omaha, Neh.
FOR ENCHANGE-Land clear OF in
cumbrance, in pundy county, Nebraska,
for land In the Red River Valley OF
Minnesota or North Dakota. WIN as
sumo. r. r Andrus. $50 Endicott Bldg.
st Paul. MINI.
BRAND new store building. well located
on n. Path st. Well rented. win eN-
change for close Ia apartment site
l rice, $500. 10 Box COS. Woodbine, IN.
A,UOO stock genl mdse., viii sell or eX-
change for residence OF small property
near Omaha. Address A Isl. Bee
GOOD Studebaker car TO trade for
equity I'm cottage. :. +. Bostwick n
Son, 800 Bee Bldg. --.
EVERY day has It's sunshine for BFE
Want-Ad users start today. Can
Tyler 100.
GOOD Income and farm to exchange for
land In central Nebraska, Toland q
Trumble, Bee Bldg. "
| CAN sell or exchange anything YOU have
TO offer. c. J. Canaan. McCague Bldg.
Omaha daily bee., 1916-02-26
FOR RENT BUSINESS PR'P'TY
FOR RENT-SUBURBAN

CHOICE modern suburban reidence.
acres Of land on paved road near Flor
Cnce. r. II. Lauderyou. 202 Neville Blk,
Phone Douglas b16o.
Omaha daily bee., 1916-02-26
Man Believed to Be
Lyman Is Arrested

LTAMPA, Fla. Feb. ga man answer
ing the description OF ]. Grant Lyman
wanted in New York for alleged defal-
cations OF more than $4,000 was arrested
late today on a yacht at ST. Petersburg.
Fla. He declined TO answer questions as
20 his Identity.
Omaha daily bee., 1916-02-26
New York Money Market

NEW YORK. Feb. S.-MERcANTILB
sTEHLING EXCHANGE - Sixty-day
bills, Nnh; demand. N.7e 7-is; cables,
.sILvER-Bsr sc; Mexican dollars,
BoNps-Government steady; railroad.
irregular.
MoNEY-Time loans. firmer: 50 days,
3hd8 per cent; 20 days. 2&GS per cent;
six months, sdeh per cent. Call money;
cent; ruling rate, ~ per cent; last loan.
per cent; closing bid. IN per cert; Of
fered at per cent.
Omaha daily bee., 1916-02-26

LONDON, Feb B.-American secur,-
tiles on the stock market were affected
by the negotiations between Washington
and berlin and closed lower on a small
amount OF business.
SILVER-Bar q 1854 per ounce
MONEY-4dt4IS per cent Discount rates
short bills and three months. 5h per cent.
Omaha daily bee., 1916-02-26
THIS is AUTO SHOW WEEM
Dealers are offering splendid bargains in GOOD USED
CARS Look over this list; pick out while they're cheap

THE THRIFTY HOUSEWIFE
SERVES CALVES BRAINS AND
oXTAuL SOUP TO MAKE BOTH
ENDS (MEAT) MEET. so DOES
THE JUDICIoUs BUYER TRY
TO SELECT A GOOD USED CAR
WITH THE PROPER CoMBINA-
TON OF PRICE AND QUALITY.
IN OUR OFFERINGS WE
HAVE THESE ESSENTIALS.
YOU WILL AGREE WITH US
WHEN YOU INVESTIGATE
THESE CARS.
OAKLAND FOUR CYLINDER. FIVE
PASSENGER.
CARTBRCAR FOUR CYLINDER
FIVE PASSENGER.
sTUDEBAKER FOUR CYLINDER.
FIVE PASSENGER.
COLE FOUR CYLINDER. FIVE PAS
sENGER.
APPERsoN FOUR CYLINDER
FIVE PASSENGER.
vBLIE -FOUR CYLINDER. SEVEN
PASSENGER.
sTUDEBAKER FOUR cYLTNDEF
ROADSTER
E. r. WILSON AUTOMOBILE
COMPANY,
$3.50 FARNAM STREET
Omaha daily bee., 1916-02-26
MOTORCYCLES AND BICYCLES

FARLEY MOTORCYCLES
bargain in used machines. Victor Roos,
'aThe Motorcycle Man" HOs Leavonworth.
Omaha daily bee., 1916-02-26
REAL ESTATE-IMPR0VED

w. L. sELBY 6 SONS, INSURANCE,
Omaha daily bee., 1916-02-26
owlIC a company
Union Stock Yards. Chicago. Feb. .. isi,
Dividend No. lis

Dividend Of TWO DOLLARS ltl-0O per share
on the capital stock OF Swift Company, win he
paid on April lat, 1915. 10 stockholders 81
rscord. March 10. 1915. ~ shown on the books
+. S. HAYWARD. Secretary
Omaha daily bee., 1916-02-26
new YORK STOCK MARKET
Receivers Slowly But stubbornly
Ground Lost in the Pre-
oeding Session.
CONFIDENT BUYING OF RAILS


NEW YORK, Fob. 2S-slowly. but
stubbornly today's market recovered
much Of the ground which was lost In the
preceding session when quoted values SUI
tered variable declines because Of alarm
over political developments in Washing
ton. That situation underwent a change
reported that Germany probably would
hesitate to inaugurate It's latest subme-
rine policy on the day originally decreed
bonds. which Reiosd mS SSi 10 weaken
yesterdays market, was another favor
able factor Trading In that issue was
comparatively nominal, giving color to
the belief that the activity and depres.
sion OF the previous day were largely OF
professional or bearish origin.
Vet another encouraging feature was
found In the moderate but confident buy
ing of rails, a branch OF the stock list
which has long suffered from neglect.
consequence Of the increas sing belief that
prevailing differences between miners and
employers are In process Of adjustment.
Next to rails there was n steady in
quiry for metals at advances OF point
| or better American smelling, for eN-
ample: more than regSined its quarterly
leums, Marine preferred, United Fruit
and Sugar were better by ! 70 3 points
Aperican Wooden was the most active
! stock, its strength OF ~ per cent out OF
greatly Increased earnings resulting
Tra6ing W. was in small Volume through
! out the last half OF the session, hut prices
/ held their own despite occasional pres
sure. Activity in Pacific Mail, which rose
/ So points TO 2Sih, was the feature OF that
/ period
Total sales Of stocks amounted 20 $4,000
I shares
I Atchison was the only important road
/ to submit n January statement, showing
net gain OF $4,000 Industrial com
| panies made more favorable reports,
| Bonds were mainly irregular on reduced
1 dealing. Total sales, par value, were
| f2.SO0000, United States bonds were UNI
/ changed on call.
Number OF sales and leading quotations
Omaha daily bee., 1916-02-26
Hank CIenrInEn.

OMAHA. Feb. 25.-Bank clearinEs for
corresponding day last year sa.04. 0eS.S.
Omaha daily bee., 1916-02-26
LEGAL NOTICES
OF s,TSoSc.KHoLDEKs.

NOTICE OF OCkHOLDERS
MEETING.
Notice 10 hereby given that the regular
annual meeting Of the stockholders OF the
SOUTH PLATTE LAND COMPANY will
be held at the office OF said Company,
Room 7Oi First National Bank building,
IAncoln, Nebraska, AT II o'clock H. m, on
the first day OF March. A. D.. 1915.
Lincoln. Nebraska, February LIST, isi0
w. w. TURNER, Secretary.
Feby id9Ot.
Omaha daily bee., 1916-02-26

LINES WEST.
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1916-10-12
FALSE STATEMENT REFuTED.

One of the mpudent pieces of efrontery with which
the people of Idaho have been confronted to be found
in the address which the governor of Idaho through
the mistaken impression of its people his honesty of pur
poe feeding to the multitude This bare faced fasehood
is be found in his auson the Allen dalcaon and the
steps that been taken punish the guilty parties and
to for the state treasury the money taken.
statement of the facts they shown by the court
and other records might well be scanned by citizen of the
The attention of the voter is called to such statement
During the fall campaign of 1914 it discovered that O.
" Allen state treasurer for number of deauter
in large amount Governor Haines republican, caused his
and at removed him from office He had been
nominated to succeed himself and the Republican state
mttee vacancy and nominated the present state
treasurer, Hon. John w. Eageson for that position. He
elected Allen being brought before the court pleaded
guilty to the information charging him with felony Fred M
Coleman his deputy when the oenses committed also
pleaded guilty and given pententiary sentence This
all occurred under Governor Haines
investigation of the affairs of the Office at
sued and discovered prior to the close of the Hanes
administration that the defacaton would reach the primary
of something in of $3000 Governor Hanes and
his advisers feeling that other awess acts had been commit
ted continued the investigation of the affairs of the Office such
investigation being progress when the change of admnsra
and Governor Alexander took the oath of office
Finally principally through the efforts of the attorney
erals Office Coleman, who had been the principal instrument
making possible the ootng of the treasury offered to give
the valuable information other doing the
handling of funds and particularly connection with the
of bonds and the manipulation of state warrants
this the claim that could be urged against the bond
ing company enlarged to the amount which later
covered.
The state depository board of which the governor but
he other two being republican, early in the present
conclusion that all had been learned that
could be- and it decided to begin suit against the surety
upon bond of Allen At the instance
Of the governor than anyone else Che having expressed
the most complete confidence in his integrity and ability l.
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1916-10-12

c. Coffin who had been previously employed by e
general was again given employment 10 asSis' " Wy
ton of this .,+ IN tbe
The case was prosecuted to successful ISSUE
full amount asked for together with interest," was
and has now been paid 1t is matter of common knoweus
those in nosition TO know that exactly the same course
would have been pursued by the republican members
the state depository board though Governor
should have opposed them. !, b1;oon
organization republican members of the state depository
or anyone else any time in favor OF accepting @1
or any other sum- less than the full amount nceu i VIZ.
ot ~ An and Coleman s barefaced e The giving out
of such statement should brand Alexander and those
copy it with knowledge Of the facts bad citizens ana us
honest men. .
Republican State Central Committee