davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1916-05-31

There were questions also OF business
and of economic relief which the houses
found 1t possible to agree upon before
Mr.. Cleveland's term was out. By an
Act of the 4th of February, 1881. known
as the Interstate Commerce Act. rail-
way corporations operating lines which
passed from one State to another were
forbidden to make Determinations in
their rates as between different shippers
or to enter into any combination with
competing companies for the purpose
of sharing earnings or OF pooling"
freight receipts in a common fund to
be proportionally divided; and a COM
mission of five persons. to be appointed
by the President, was constituted which
was given very extensive judicial and
mandatory powers for the enforcement
Of the Act.
In the following year an Act was
passed which excluded Chinese i'm
migrants from the United States.
The Interstate Commerce Act had been
introduced by Senator Reagan. of Texas,
so long ago as 1884, and had been pressed
for three years before obtaining MAORI
ties in both houses. Its advocates spoke
in the interest of the farmers and all
small shippers-of all who had felt the
power of the railways a burden upon
them.
IL was not ulSpultu lIldl tHt railway
companies had granted lower rates OF
carriage to the greater manufacturers
and producers whose shipments were
large, or that they had favored one
section of the country al the expense Of
another; and it was manifest that their
determinations had fallen very heavily
upon small farmers and men in the
smaller ways of trade and manufacture.
There was decided satisfaction through
out the country, therefore, that steps
had at last been taken to protect the
rank and file.
The law which excluded Chinese immi-
grants had been passed at the urgent
solicitation of the men Of the Pacific
coast. Chinese laborers had poured IN
there, first by hundreds, then by thou
sands. finally by hundreds OF thousands.
until the labor situation of the whole
coast had become one almost of revolu-
ton.
Caucasian laborers could not compete
with the Chinese, could not live upon
handful of rice and work for pittance.
and found themselves being steadily
crowded out from occupation after occu-
patton by the thrifty. skilful Orientals,
who. with their yellow skin and strange
dcba sing habits Of life, seemed TO them
hardly fellow men at all. but evil spirits
rather.
For years together the laborers Of the
coast and all who wished to aid them had
demanded of Congress the exclusion Of
the Chinese Failing OF aid from that
quarter. riot had become their almost
hahitual means Of agitation and self-de-
fensc-liot which sometimes went the
awful length OF wholesale slaughter in
wanton attacks upon the Chinese quar-
ters Of the towns
Fra DCiCrO had
veritable menace to government itself
Congress had passed an exclusion bill in
1879. but Mr.. Hayes had vetoed 1t. Nego-
tiations with China had been tried. but
she had refused TO agree TO the exclusion
of her people by her own act and consent;
The Washington herald., 1916-05-31

snd an end was at last made Of the mat
ter by the Act Of 1855
such Acts were but the first fruits OF
radical economic changes and the rapid
developments of trade, industry and
transportation. The laborers and men
Whom great combinations of capital were
III danger Of crushing or driving to the
"hI We're making themselves more and
more heard and needed in the field Of leg
islation.
The Knights Of Labor. who but the
other day had numbered only a few
more than hundred thousand. now mus
, 'eFeo SIX hundred thousand strong. What
was more significant, airs. not Of agita-
tlon merely, but OF anarchy also we're
beginning to stir in a country which
until now had been known and envied
the world over as a land in which men
/ reVerenced the laws themselves had
made" acted under government as under
their own self-control and kept opinion
always within the paths OF peace
The cities were filling up with foreign
ers OF the sort the Know Nothings had
feared; men who had left their homes
dissatisfied not merely with the govern
ments they had lived under but with So
ciety itself, and who had come to Amer
lea to speak treasons elsewhere forbid
den. For many a long year their in
I N'AiNaals Adlh Udl ldllen "ltDOQt eUeCl
upon the ears of workingmen in America
and politicians had been wont 10 boast
that men born in America and men
| trained In Americas school OF labor and
politics would never listen TO II.
But the air OF the industrial regions
Of the country had sensibly thickeued
! with the vapors OF unwholesorne opinion
in these last years Of unlocked for con-
centrations OF capital and unparalleled
2 n TLrr- s-Ff1
showed themselves most in cities where
disContepted men and women out OF the
prOletariat Of European countries most
conEregated.
The country had startling evidence of
the strength and audacity OF the an
archist leaders in q great meeting held
in May, 1856, in the Haymarket at Chi
CagO. which seemed part Of a concerted
plan not only to preach but also to prac-
tiCe defiance Of law, and which ended in
the most serious conflict with the police
an American city had ever witnessed.
But the injection was spreading outside
! the cities, too. 1t began to be seen. when
once the matter was laid bare, that mer
! OF American training. as well as foreign.
/ ers, had begun TO take the taint oG an.
arChistic sentiment. Even the Knights OF
Labor were touched with Il, despite the
/ conservative influence Of their leaders
/ and nothing but the sharp reaction OF
opinion caused by the Chicago riot, the
country through, checked its quiet spread
! Vast organizations like that OF the
/ knights Of Labor held loosely together
at best: anarchism is the neEation OF
| organization; and in proportion as It he.
J came ansrchistic the great order suffer.
| ed disintesration and decay.
A new order. the American Federation
! Of Labor, spranS up to take its place
and the scene changed very rapidly a.
one agitation succeeded another. But nc
/ one could say that the scene grew more
quiet or gave hopeful signs Of peace as il
shifted.
Tomorrow; Tariff Revision.
The Washington herald., 1916-05-31
Licensed Palmists.

The police reports few days ago told of
the arrest in Washington of licensed palmist -
on the technical charge of assaulting police
matron who, posing a woman in distress,
visited his place OF business as the result of conf
plants that the palmist was charging exorbitant
rates. The charge of extortion against licensed
palmists" in Washington is not new one.
They seem to assume that, having been duly
licensed to read palms by the District of Colunl-
bia they have right to charge what they can
get and few will blame them for placing high
value on their professional services and charging
accordingly. But does anybody know of a
rational reason why the District of Columbia
should issue licenses TO palmists? The thing
seems utterly absurd in a community that is
engaged IN a crusade against fake auctions
and false advertising" If laws arc necessary
to protect the money of persons incapable of
protecting it, themselves from the wiles of the
dealer in jimcracks, by what process of reason
ing does the District government aid and abet
fortune tellers in their efforts to possess them
The Washington herald., 1916-05-31
d5zMz.-
The Herald's Army and Navy Department
Latest and Most Complete News Service and Personnel Published
in Washington.

Tests recently conducted by army ord
nance experts have shown COnClusively
that there are no obstacles of a serious
nature to the mounting Of coast defense
guns of 7.6-inch caliber on railway car
riages, from which the gun can also be
fired.
The outcome of these tests. which were
conducted under the close supervision Of
Brig. Gen. William Crozier chief Of ord
nance, has been awaited by service off,
GERS with the utmost interest. The sue
cess of the &c gun tests means that the
American army will be able to duplicate
the engineering feats of the German eX-
perts, who have mounted guns Of a cali
Der as high as 16 inches on special rail-
way carriages from which the weapon
may be fired.
So far, Gen. Crozier and his "XDer-s
have been experimenting only with the
7.6-inch gun. but tests OF all other
weapons needed in coast defense work
will be made in the near future. While
1t is certain that American coast de-
fenses at all the principal harbors are
thoroughly modern in equipment and
strength, the extremely long coast line
of the United States makes advisable the
adoption of mobile coast artillery
Gen. Crozier pointed out that the de-
velopment of the permanent railway
must eventually mean the development
of a fine network of strategic coast rail-
ways, giving access to every point Of
tactical Importance along the Atlantic.
Pacific and Gulf coasts.
In line with the development of the
coast defense gun carriage, Gen. Crozier
and his associates are watching with
particular interest the performance of
a special aeroplane weapon now in use
in Europe, which shoots from both ends,
neutralizes its own recoil and thereby
seems specially adaptable TO aerial work.
The gun is the invention of Commander
Cleland Davis, L. S. N. At the time
the gun was invented, Gen Crozier point
ed out, this government was not particu-
larly interested in its development, as
the weight of the Davis weapon was re-
garded as a handicap TO its use.
Through special permission. however,
Commander Davis sent his gun abroad
for tests in actual warfare. 1t is being
used by one of the belligerents and pre-
liminary reports of its work are arous-
ing interest among American ordnance
experts. Although the army has not put
the gun to a test and has no intention
of adopting it unless it proves a con-
sistent arm, the principle of the gun is
known and could be easily duplicated,
thereby avoiding any advantage which
another country might gain.
Roughly speaking, the gun fires from
both ends. though the business end, -
so to speak, fires a bullet projectile,
while the other end fires a charge of fine
bird shot The charge of bird shot is
fired into the air merely to offset the
recoil OF the forward chamber Ordnance
officials expressed the opinion that un-
less the utmost care was exercised, the
The Washington herald., 1916-05-31

Four OF the oldest Democratic organizations
n the District of Columbia have protested against
he action OF the Democratic Central Commit
ce in refusing to permit the name of William
Mckay Clayton to appear on the primary bal
OF as a candidate for National Committeeman.
We have yet to hear Of any reason being given
or the refusal, but since in District politics there
5 no law but the will of the self-appointed
bosses the incident may as we'll be regarded
as closed. 1t IS none the less mystery, how
ever, why they go to the trouble and expense
Of staging the stupid farces known as primaries
hat have no bearing whatever upon the selection
Of delegates to the conventions or national COM
nitteemen. 1t is rather suggestive of children
playing store" or Soldiers"
The Washington herald., 1916-05-31
"Pork" Once More Triumphant.

Despite the clarifying analysis OF its meaning
by Senator Tillman, of South Carolina, and the
consistent opposition OF Senators Kenyon Sher-
man, Taggart and other members, the Rivers
passed by the Senate yesterday. Motions to to
recommit the bill with instructions to cut it
to $4,000, 900 or to $25,Ooo 900 voted down.
The pork" army, somewhat reduced in num-
bers, held hrm the final vote being thirty five. to
thirty-two.
Senator Timan has expressed the hope that
the President would veto this measure. He will
have the chance.-New York Herald.
The Washington herald., 1916-05-31

The British Embassy has cautioned its consuls
in this country against responding to requests
from "self-styled British-Americans' for advice
as to how they ought 10 vote in the coming
election. British subjects have no votes" reads
the letter Of warning. American citizens can
not properly be advised by foreign officials as
to the exercise of their suffrage" All very
true, in spite Of the fact that the Republican
party is even now receiving lot of free foreign
advice as to the selection of its candidate for
President
The Washington herald., 1916-05-31

the committee were opposed TO this pro-
vision and Chairman Hay held out in the
conference for some time against the
modified provision for the payment Of the
expenses OF the students al the canp.
The committee appropriated more for
the purchase OF horses for the National
Guard than Il was willing TO allow for
the maintenance Of the military training
camps.
The prospects are that quite a large
feet OF motor boats will be mobflized IN
the coast defense exercises which are
being prepared by the Navy Department.
The ap0licat tons received by the deparf-
ment indicate that a deep interest is
taken in the event by mOtor-boat owners
and that the affair will be a success
Other than that II will take place early
In September. the Navy Department has
not yet selected a date for the maneuvers.
II has been decided that the motor boats
should be about fOrty-five feet long ana
have a speed OF from eighteen to twenty
miles per hour 10 be eligible 70 participate
In the maneUyers
The KearsarEe. Kentucky. Alabama
Illinois. Maine. Rhode Island, Louisiana.
New Jersey and Virginia have been Sc
lected 10 act As mother boats for the feet
Of motor boats. The motor-boat crews
wiz DS NeSi NS-eu oi tlt@ patliesnlps and
live under service conditions The motor
boat owners are being urged 10 partIci-
pate in the school of instruction which
will be conducted on battleships on -rr7r-
Plattsburg camp plan previous to the
mobilization Of the power boats. Tho
training that will be received in the
'PlattsburE camps aioat" schools will be
an excellent preparation for the rnobiIiza-
ton. The crews OF the motor boats viii.
be able 10 handle their craft better II
they take the other course of training
The Washington herald., 1916-05-31
A Comparison in Casualties.

killed wounded, and the fighting in which
the troops engaged was of minor Importance
compared with what going on at Verdun
In four months war with Spain in two
hemisp pheres, including the Cuban, Porto Rican
and Manila campaigns, we had $50 officers and
men killed and 1877 officers and men wounded
total of 1857 casuaties.-New York Sun
The Washington herald., 1916-05-31

All the country's industries except that of
cotton manufacture spending more money
for labor and have more men the pay rolls
than year ago. The car building and repair
ing industry showed the greatest increase in the
number of men employed and also the greatest
increase in wages paid. Can't some of our pro-
fessiOnal railroad baiters discover some means
OF remedying this condition?
The Washington herald., 1916-05-31

mob broke into church IN the middle Of
a marriage ceremony and denounced the bride
groom, knccling at the altar, shouting Hes
married and has six children" Whereupon he
was arrested, charged with burglary When all
the rest of the charges in it will still have
20 be admitted that he was no mollycoddle.
The Washington herald., 1916-05-31

Representatives of many organizations and
employers at a conference Of the New York
Daylight Saving Committee approved with en-
thusiasm the scheme Of setting the clocks ahead
an hour and saving an hour OF daylight. Already
a bill has been introduced in Congress with
the same object but while the change is bound
to come before long, tic movement prob
ably started too late to be effective this year.
The Washington herald., 1916-05-31

neutralizing charge of bird shot would
work serious damage to rear planes on
a flying machine and under wartime con-
ditions there is not the opportunity to
exercise full care at all times.
The men who make moving pjctures
have taught valuable lesson TO The
aviation corps of the army and navy
though the military men were rather
SLOW in taking the hint In other words
the cloudless, nonstatiC atmospheres of
California and Florida. which proved
such boon to the makers of films. was
eventually utilized by the aviation ex
perts OF both arms of the American mill
tary service
The Naval Flying S hool. at Pensacola
Fla. is ideally located for flying condi-
uons and year-rOund flying is the rule.
rather than the exception. The army
aviators. however were a longer time
reaching the conclusion that San Diego,
Cal. was the best site for a training
school for birdmen
1t is not difficult to recall the davs
when the army's chief flying efforts cen
tered at College Park Md. but il was
not long until dhe aviators learned that a
Middle Atlantic climate. with its fire.
quent spells Of bad weather, would never
do for successful flying work.
The army camp was next moved to the
South Atlantic coast but results. while
improved, were not all that were desired.
and a change to Texas followed Here
also adverse atmosphere conditions were
encountered and the last change took the
fiers to the Cloudless skies of San Diego,
where the camp promises to remain for
many years.
The Washington herald., 1916-05-31

One Jeremiah A. O'Leary, "president of the
American Truth Society,"" said in an address
before the Gcrman-American Alliance at Glen
Cove, l. l., that Col. Roosevelt would not be
elected President if he intends to criticise the
German-Americans only. He ought to know the
Colonel we'll enough to understand that no such
limitations that will hamper his amb-
tions
The Washington herald., 1916-05-31

The House Committee on Military AZ
fairs has shown its disapproval Of the
Plattsburg training camp idea by re-
ducing the estimates of the War Depart
ment for the expenses OF the camp from
2,50O,OO0 to $4,000. This. according to
the conservative estimates OF the War
Department, will take care Of about one
fifth of the number of young men who
are planning to attend the military camps
the approaching summer.
According to the preliminary reports
that have been received from the de-
partmental commanders. $1,000 applicants
for the training camps are now on file
or will be filed in the near future Under
the provision Of the reorganization bill
the transportation, subsistence, uniform
and arms of those who take the training
at the camps is to be furnished by the
government under such regulations as the
Secretary of War shall prescribe The
provision contained everything that was
provided in the volunteer army section
with the exception of pay for the stu
dents. This was not an objectionab ole
difference to the students, as most of
them would be willing to take the train
ing without pay.
II is thought that the reduction bv the
committee Of the estimates for the ex-
penses of the camp was due largely TO
the opposition to the volunteer army pro-
poeai. A majority Of the members of
The Washington herald., 1916-05-31
Not Surprising.

This new list of Republicans who are calling
for the Coloners nomination is chiefly interest
ing catalogue of those who were so quiet
their present nclinations cause no surprise and
disappoint expectations whatever.-New York
World
The Washington herald., 1916-05-31

A submarine is expected to come to this
country and take back a cargo of -four for
Germany, and there would seem to be an ex-
celent prospect that the Germans will find that
their bread is dough.
The Washington herald., 1916-05-31

In New York 5000 dogs have been taken
to the pound since April Visitors to New
York would never suspect that there were so
many dogs in the whole place. They must use
he dumb-waiters for kennels.
The Washington herald., 1916-05-31

If the Carranza note really has been lost in
transmission it may prove another happy, even
though temporary, solution OF the Mexican situa-
ton.
The Washington herald., 1916-05-31

If we put the clocks ahead hour it won't
be necessary to call many games on account
of darkness later on in she season.
The Washington herald., 1916-05-31

The Kaiser has taken mis- first ride in street
car, paying his fare like little man. Is the
war going to make strap-hangers OF the Euro
pean monarchs2
The Washington herald., 1916-05-31

Secretary Daniels denies that there is pork"
in the naval bill, but it takes expert to
penetrate all the DISCUSSES OF pork in legsla-
ton.
The Washington herald., 1916-05-31

F1rEt pTlntIng pOeIIl "IIS-s1 NoIsV
for Ehs washington Herald.
SWIM OUT.
! wait no ship
With prospects dim,
But thro the drip
My way l swim
To win myself
The prizes high
In fame or pelf
That yonder lie;
And tho my goal
Too far may be
1t thrills my soul
To breast the sea!
Copyright. lslsl
The Washington herald., 1916-05-31

& Brothe
Copyright The Mcclure teD
q use either
The Washington herald., 1916-05-31
IOUQ COUNTRY-:sG 81,
! ::WOUR PRESIDENT
AMszzY@ Mez zzzeztMzsgN8
||StNO0Dl0KIKILS0N
THE LABOR SITUATION.

Published by special the President through
The Mcclure Newspaper Syndicate
The Washington herald., 1916-05-31
A Line O Cheer Each Day o the Year.
By JOHN KENDRICK BANGS.

First printing of an original poem written daily
for Chs washington Herald.
The Washington herald., 1916-05-31

The hest joke Of the week was called
from the examination OF prospective
jurors for the trial OF Dr Arthur Waite
An insurance man was being questioned
and was asked II he was opposed 10 cap
itaI punishment He stated loudly and
clearly. No, in a case like This d"
The Washington herald., 1916-05-31

WEDNESDAY. MAY 81. 1916.
The Snyder signal. (Snyder, Tex.) 1887-????, 1916-04-21
wAsHINGTON's FINAL NOTE


Washington, April i5.-Presldent
Wilson Saturday completed a prellm-
mary draft Of the new note to Ger
many. II was Immediately sent to Sec
rotary Lansing, who will put II In
formal shape and submit II to the
president Sunday morning. While
writing the tentative text, President
Wilson had before him all the EVIL
dence In the submarine cases.
II was said the president has dis
cussed with Mr.. Lansing his desire
to throw upon Germany the respon-
siblllty for any untoward result OF
the note, should there be any, such
as severing diplomatic relations and
that the main difficulty In writing
the note lay In the choice OF words
to accomplish this end.
The note is intended to be Americas
last work in the submarine contro-
yersy.
After Mr.. Lansing has lncorporat-
ed into II all the legal points and EVIL
dence that the president did not en-
phasize In his tentative draft, Mr..
Wilson will revise II finally and then
read II to his cabinet and to the
chairman Of the house and senate
foreign committees. It is likely the
note will be on It's way not later than
Monday.
Germany will be accused In sixty
five counts OF violating the laws Of
humanity and pledges to the United
States in the submarine war on COM
merce ships.
The Snyder signal. (Snyder, Tex.) 1887-????, 1916-04-21
DOINGs IN THE COUNTY
COURT THIS WEEK

County court has been doing bust.
ness this week, but owing to this be
ing a busy time there have been very
few people about the court house ex-
cept those who had to be there.
In the criminal department W. h.
Atchley, charged with carrying a pis-
toll was fined 80 days in Jail and the
cost Of trial
Walter Murphy was charged with
throwing dice, but the case was dis.
missed by County Attorney.
In the civil department the case
Of p N Dawson VS.. o. F. Bennett,
suit for damages, occupied part of
Tuesday, but the Jury failed to agree
and were discharged, This same case
was again on trial Wednesday and
there was a mlstrlal.
T, W. Tatum Va. Willie Tatum ct.
al. suit on account. Judgment rem
dtrcd for plaintiff.