davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1916-02-21
GERMAN AVIAT0RS
SHELL RIGA POSTS
Bombard Russian Positions Near
Dyinsk and in Galicia.

London. Feb. 2O.-keroplane attacks
fgure in the official statements issued
today in both Petrograd and Berlin
in the operations on the east front.
Enemy aeroplanes." says the Rus
sian state .ent "Aew over several
places in me Riga region. A bomb was
,trswn on Riga.
"The Germans developed a strong
artillery ire in the Kirchholm-Ikskull
sector. Our artillery had coed effect
before Ikskun, in the region west OF
Ogerard and w.st Of Probstinshof.
German ueroplanes threw many
bombs in the region north Of Kreuz-
berg North of Dvinsk two Zeppelins
few over Mischief. Near Dvinsk the
enemy developed violent artillery fire.
"ln the region Of Lake Sventer our
artillery destroyed two German block
houses On the Dniester, near Mix
haltele, we exploded q sap which de-
s'royed entanglements, mine gallery
and several armored trenches. A at
tempt By the enemy 20 dislodge by the
IRE Of heavy artillery and bombs our
troops, who had occupied the crater
failed"
Near Ssvitsche- -Beresina, east OF
Vshnew," says a sta sment issued IN
Berlin, "a Russian attack broke down
between the lines under the German
Ere.
German airmen attacked Logoschin,
and the station at Tarnopol (Galicia).
New-York tribune., 1916-02-21
BY FRED Il. PITNEN.

Paris. Feb. 4Thc old main roads
cannot be used to enter trench-girt
scissors these days Some distance
out Of town vehicles turn of the high
way and take new military road built
across the fields. One alins into Sois-
sons as though at night and by stealth.
and the reason Is soon obvious Sois-
sons is no longer the centre Of farm
ing community. The frames Of the har-
vesting machinery formerly sold there
are now the supports Of trenches. The
city is one of the great anchors Of the
French lines. From a farming centre
II has become a fortress.
scissors marks the western end Of
the sector of which Rheims is the
eastern end. 1t stands at the point
where the lines turn from running east
and west to north and south. The
French and German trenches run side
by side through the suburbs of the
city. Garden walls separate them. The
Germans pluck the apples from the
trees at one end Of an orchard, while
the French pick the peaches at the
other end. One enters the town bv
streets where the cobble stones are
covered thick with sand to keep the
wheels from rafting and telling the
Germans a convoy is approaching.
Hardly a day passes that the town is
not bombarded.
But II is not until one approaches
the river that one begins TO get the
signs OF the true nature of scissors to-
day. The part Of the city on the south
bank is what remains of q town that
has been shot 10 pieces and devastated
hy war and then abandoned by both
sides and left far in the rear of the
struggle. The part on the north bank
IS town in which the struggle goes on
daily in its streets
Face a Machine Gun.
We crossed the river by a bridge
that was commanded by a German ma
chine gun 700 yards away on the down
stream side. Canvas curtains had been
hung TO hide the little foot bridge from
the machine gun crew. One could see
the rents in the canvas curtains where
a few chance shots had been fired from
time 10 time in the hope of catching a
passing soldier At the north bank
one left by a tortuous passage behind
high stone barricade. Streets were
choked with barbed wire entanglements
and some of the parks and public
squares were merely fields of barbed
wire.
New-York tribune., 1916-02-21
BERG YIELDS WAY
TO u. s. MARSHALS
Appam Captain Finally Accepts
Compromise of Port Collector.

Newport News, Va, Feb. 2O.-Ihe
deputy United States marshals were il
distress aboard the prize ship Appam
today when Marshal John G. Saunders
arrived from Norfolk 70 sec how things
had been going since, his men theo, 9eo
retically dispossessed the German prlze,
crew Yesterday. The deputies had
spent last night on deck, with nowhere
TO sleep and nothing 70 eat, and hat
utterly failed to impress Lieutenan,t
Berg, the German commander, with
the fact that his ship was subject 20
their orders.
Collector Hamilton was sent for.
Finally. on the Collectors advice,
compromise was reached. -Four depu-
lies were assigned 20 tho task Of Guard
ing the liner, and in theory, at least
me Lieutenant viii be u-ucr .heir OIL
rection. But the guards will carry
their own rations aboard and will di.
vide the duty into two watches OF
twelve hours each, so that half Of the
force may be sleeping while the other
half stands guard.
New-York tribune., 1916-02-21

in Albania have now been landed in
Corfu, says dispatch from Corfu
dated February ~. The entire Serbian
army, il is added. is now out Of danger.
Italian Position Taken.
Austrian successes in the Durazzo-
Avlona region are reported in an Of
fetal statement issued to-day in
Vienna.
"An advanced Italian position" the
communication reads, "has been taken
BY the Austro- Hungariars near Bazsr-
Slack. about six and one-quarter miles
northeast Of Durazzo. Further south
the Austro-Hungarians have ap-
preached the enemy's lines southeast
Of Durazzo.
"The Albanians fighting on the Aus.
tro-Hungarian side have occupied
Berat (thirty-one miles northeast OF
Aylona) and Lyusna Pekiny and
made prisoners there Of more than
200 of Essad Pacha's gendarmes.'
Berat. or Bielagorad, situated on
high rock overlooking the Osum River,
is considered point OF strategic
value IL consists of an upper town
or citadel. which contains several
Greek churches, and lower town with
numerous mosques. 1t IS fifty miles
southeast Of Durszzo and has popula-
ton of about $4,000.
New-York tribune., 1916-02-21
EXEMPTS BRITISH FARM HELP

London. Feb. 2O.-The first military
tribunal was held at kirkby stephen
Yesterday, and. according TO an account
published in "The Weekly Dispatch" ,"
The session lasted five hours. The
courtroom was crowded with farmers
appealing against the enlistment Of
shepherds, ploughmen and cowmen.
Many farmers threatened that if the
men were drafted they would sell their
stock and abandon their farms.
After a severe examination the ma
iority Of the farmers helpers was held
10 be necessary to WestmorelaDd agri-
culture and exempted from military
eerNicp
New-York tribune., 1916-02-21

memorandum. "they will doubtless tx-
press readiness To make an arrange
ment so that the country, once it\is
fully drained Of its resources. may be
restocked. Before that time has ar
rived this German policy should. there
fore, be fully exposed"
Country Stripped Of Raw Materials.
Sir Edward Grey's memorandum then
gives figures claiming 10 show that in
one month alone there were exported
from Belgium 20 Germany $4,000 tons
Of coal, 6.l00 tons Of phosphates, 100
tons Of lead, / 1850 tons Of ore. $40 tons
OF pit props. ! 200 tons Of guano and
l.tOO tons OF briquettes. The preced-
ing month is declared to show. besides
large exports Of the above articles. the
export of pyrites, tanning extract, lead
extract and quantities Of iron, lead,
rubber and coal
IL Is well known. the memorandum
states, that at least half the products
of Belgian textile mills have been
requisitioned.
After explaining that if the British
government attempted 10 provide relief
foi the Belgian industries. in spite Of
the relief importations and even under
the safeguards proposed. it would re-
suit in substantial benefit TO the Ger
mans. the memorandum concludes:
THE German authorities must be
presumed from their silence to have re-
fused to consent to the scheme put for
ward by the Relief Commission. Their
iixed policy of impovershing the coun-
try and driving the workmen into their
employment now stands revealed. His
maiesty's government must disclaim all
responsibility toward the Belgian peo-
pie for the evils which the enemy both
has caused and refused to remove"
New-York tribune., 1916-02-21
CAMPANILE NOT FORTIFIED
Italy Denies Austrian Avlators Were
Attacked from Venice Structure.

Rome, Feb. 20.-The Stefani News
Agency makes public an official denial
of the statement by Austrian aviators
that they flew over Venice and were
attacked by the machine gun post Of
The Campanile Of st. Marks. The de-
NAL quotes Monsignor La Fontaine, OF
Venice, who declared that there was
nothing Of a military nature at the
Campan.lo and. further, that the two
seaside chambers of the Campanile had
been walled up for eight months.
The Mayor Of Venice has requested
the Italian Minister of Coreign Affairs
to invite neutral diplomatic represen-
tative5 to visit and inspect the interior
OF the C4mpanile Of st. Marks to de-
termine whether the Austrian aviators
were correct.
No reports have been received OF a
recent attack by Austrian aeroplanes
on Venice. On May "a. 1915. an Ital-
ian War Office statement told of an
attack by aeroplanes on the arsenal
at Venice. This statement made no
mention of the Campanile of St.
Marks. although IL declared that the
attack was repulsed.
New-York tribune., 1916-02-21
Take 800 Metres of British
Trenches North of
YpreS.
nIJNKIRK AGAIN
RAIDED BY PLANE
r,prch Claim Repulse of At
tacks at SteenStraete-
Cambrai Bombed.

f,-5or. Feb. 20-By dislodging the
o.,,sh along q 3o0-metre front the
c.-nsns again have been able 70 Sc
:. foothold on the User Canal,
..,,A Of Ypres. according to an Official
..,suneement from Berlin tonight
eli, also claims that all attempts TO
,,,ske the position bad failed.
4, The other points along the canal,
.,,boush the Germans succeeded in
.,,,hinc TIC French first line trenches,
p,,l. asserts thcy were driven back.
The German statement says;
aop the User Canal. north Of Ypres,
- English position $50 metres long
-. s,ormed by the Germans. All the
r-slish attempts 20 retake the trenches
4, night hand grenade attacks failed.
~. Germans took twenty prisoners.
ssou,h OF Loos, IN lively engage
,.s the enemy advanced to the edge
- ore Of the German nine craters. .
aNorth Of Hebuterne. 20 the north OF
,ss-t the Germans obtained a minor
s~,eess i'm q night engagement, taking
ssrsrsl English prisoners.
sir an sir fight east 4 Peronne an
r.rfsA b,plane armed with two ma
llse guns was shot down. Its occu-
..,s were dead
N. following official communication
,ss ifaed by the French War Office
o-nigft;
,,Ss--ort OF our positions, the er-
.-s-s a-tenuted 20 cross the User CaAn'
=, Steenstraete. Several enemy groups
vsre able 10 make their way as far as
an, frs, line trench, from which they
we're immediately driven back.
aIn ChamnaCne our artillery shelled
,hs enemy organizations TO the north
N Tshure and 20 the east OF Navarin.
On the Argonne we exploded st Nsu-
,,ois two mines. which shattered the
s-s-v works Between the Meuse and
,Is Noseile our batteries bombarded
Re srennv Establishments in the dlrec-
Ion Of Eta.n. Warcq and Saint Hllaire,
.,usi-g several fires and very violent
10 he south Of St Mihiel q de-
s,rvctive fire was carried out against
ibs German works 10 the west OF the
Forest Of Apremont
a hostile aeroplane dropped several
,or,bs on Dunkirk without causing
ssmage.'
The British Official statement issued
tonight on the campaign IN the west
reads;
"Ths enemy last night made rald
against our trenches west OF Serre
after q heavy bombardment. The Tald
failed completely. Southeast OF
Boesinehe the enemy seized an unim-
portant advanced post.
a successful night raid was made
BIZ our aeroplanes against the Cambria
serodrome. bombs being dropped on the
sbeds ana exploding inside. The ma
chimes returned safely"
New-York tribune., 1916-02-21
FRENCH STEAMER T0RPED0EO
Austrian Submarine Reports sinking
the Memphis, Of Marseilles.

Paris. Feb. 2O.--The French steam
chin Memphis has been sunk by an
sn'p ian submarine of Durazzo, ac-
coz Tbe J,es Memphis was a steamship, OF
o 90 TONS gross. built at Dundeed IN
51i 1Soi and owned by the French Mes
sogeries Maritimes Company. ne, ner
s@g Soyt Of registry was Marseilles. The
,oention of her in the maritime
,eojsters was on January TO- when she
,,as al Marseilles.
New-York tribune., 1916-02-21
S0L0NS MEET
Poincare to Receive British Parlia-
mentary Members To-day.

Paris, Feb. 20.-The Anglo-French
Parliamentary Committee assemblies
here on Tuesday The British dele
ration will be received by Premier
BRAND at the Foreign Office tomorrow
and by President Poincare at the
Elysee Palace during the day.
After a reception by the Senate COM
mittee the delegation will be enter
tanned at afternoon tea at the Elysee
Palace. The final meeting of the COM
mittee will be held on Thursday and a
majority Of the members plan 70 leave
for BOrdeaux on Friday.
New-York tribune., 1916-02-21
Advance on DurazzO Rapid,
Major MOraht Points Out

Berlin Via Wireless 20 Sayyille, y.
". Feb. 90 Major Moraht, the mill
tary correspondent OF the "Berlinef
Tageblatt." is quoted by the Overseas
News Agency, in a discussion OF the
military situation in Albania. ms de-
claring that if the Austro- -Hungarians
obtain quick successes in the rugged,
painless mountains the merit will be
entirely due to Field Marshall Conrad
Won Hoetzendorf, whom Major Morah,
New-York tribune., 1916-02-21
Allied Commander Leaves
Camp for Audience
with Constantine.
BULGARIAN PATROL
CROSSES FRONTIER
Driven Back by Greeks-Austria
Reports Successes Near
DurazzO and AvlOna.

London, Feb. 20-General Sarrall
commander in chief of the Allied ex-
pedtionary forces in the Balkans, has
left the camp at Salonica for Athens,
where an audience with King Constan-
tine has been arranged.
The Reuter- dispatch from Salonica
transmitting this news adds that "the
greatest importance is attached to the
visit, which, it is believed, will mark
important developments in the rela-
tions between Greece and the Entente
allies"
A sharp engagement between patrols
Of Greeks and Bulgarians occurred on
Thursday near Doiran after the Bull
garian patrol had crossed the frontier.
The Bulgarians were forced TO retire,
leaving two men killed. One Greek
soldier was wounded
New-York tribune., 1916-02-21
ITALIANS GAIN IN SUGANA
Launch Heavy Bombardment OF Aus
trian Positions at CarriOla-

Paris, Feb. 20.-The Italians continue
their advance in the sugana Valley
In Guidiearia, at Carriola. they have
begun heavy bombardment with NOR
'ars Of the Austrian positions. Aus
'risn aeroplanes shelled Ala to-day, but
Without inficting any damage.
Small advances by our infantry
WIN the capture Of prisoners, continue
IN he Sugana Valley" says the ltal'
ian statement. Along the remainder
o. the front artillery actions are IN
progress. We bombarded Uggowitz,
Nhere movements Of troops and wagons
were reported.
An enemy aeroplsne bombed Ala
without damage"
Inc Austrian communication says;
=, in Guidicaria fAustro-Italian 'front.'
.he Austro-Hungarian position al Car
.iols' near Lardaro, has been heavily
'nslled By mortars.
On the lsonzo front artillery en-
tsgements continue"
New-York tribune., 1916-02-21
: from U. S. Wounded in War

Ottawa, Feb. 20.-Among The wounded
reported in the Overseas casualty list
made public to-day by the Militia De-
partment were Arthur Edward Ander--
con. Of Pierre, s. D.; Gideon Martin. Of
Rochester, \. Y. and charles william
ifrC,,bor, NJ New Rochelle. y. Y.
New-York tribune., 1916-02-21
ROSA LUXEMBOURG FREED
Woman Socialist Who Denounced Ier-
man Officers Served More than Year.

Paris, Feb. 20.-Ross Luxembourg, ono
Of the most active of the minority m
the German Socialist party, has been
released from prison in Germany after
more than a years detention. aeeord-
ing to a report received by the. "hu-
mantle" Swiss Correspondent.
New-York tribune., 1916-02-21
Germans Thirty Yards Away.

We came to the first line unexpect-
edly. Some one asked a question and
there was warning whisper, Not so
loud" The Germans were less than
thirty yards away. | looked through
half a dozen Of the loopholes, but |
could make out nothing. What | saw
had all the appearance of an ill-kept
back garden. Uttered with rubbish and
coal ashes. The German lines were in
an exactly similar situation TO the
French. One never sees an enemy SOL
der. but the trenches are indisputably
there.
The officer in command of the post
knew lust where the Germans were and
he pointed out the lines to me with the
most exact precision. told him that
believed him. but. nevertheless. all
could see was a red brick wall az tho
other end Of a very discouraged garden
We went down to the trench again and
crawled through n tunnel to an eXca-
walton that had been conveniently made
in the garden by a German shell. The
French soldiers had piled some scraps
Of a house around the edge Of the ex-
cavation. leaving one or two peepholes
Through these we had closer view of
the German lines. and still all | could
see was a brick wall.
German lines brick wall. No sound
30 motion. French lines a brick wall
No sound. No motion. Between them
sixty yards of garden filed with barbed
wire. What will happen some dark
night?
scissors is terrifying. One must
suppose that the Germans, equally with
the French. have neglected no precau
tion. 1t is for each huge buttress in
the long line Of fortifications. One re-
members the bloody struggle for the
Labyrinth in Artois Will there have to
be another of the same kind at Sois-
sons? Let US hope not. Let US hope
hat the Germans will be turned" out
Of that position.
New-York tribune., 1916-02-21
Allies Need Railroads.

Constantinople reports printed in the
Berlin newspapers state that, according
to official kilograms from Athens, the
ministers Of Great Britain, France,
Russia and Italy announced TO Premier
Skouloudis that the Entente council in
Paris had ordered the military occupa-
tion of all the Greek railroads ard
telegraphic stations in Thessalonica
and Morea by Entente troops.
A Greek military council, the reports
add, was Immediately convoked for dis
cussion Of the new situation.
Morea is the ancient Peloponnesus.
the peninsula which forms the south
ern part of the kingdom of Greece,
separated from the Hellenic mainland
by the CULTS of Patras, Corinth and
Egna. Thessalonca is one Of the
several names of Salonica, which has
been an Allied base for many months,
end in the region of which the En-
tente Powers have massed strong forces
and erected extensive Notifications.
The last Serbian soldiers remaining
New-York tribune., 1916-02-21

soon after the war began Rosa Lux
emburg was tried on charge Of accus-
ing German officers and non-eommis-
stoned officers of abusing private SOL
diers. She was sentenced 20 prison.
Dispatches at the time did not give her
term of imprisonment She began 70
serve her sentence in September, 1914.
New-York tribune., 1916-02-21
SOiSS0nS, Trench City,
a Second Labyrinth
French and Germans, Thirty Yards Apart North Side
of Aisne, Await Bloody Struggle in Artois
-Bombardment Daily.

The trenches in scissors begin most
Unexpectedly. On the north side Of
scissors, as soon as one gets couple
of hundred yards away from the
bridge. all the going and coming Is
done by trenches Ruins are all that
remain OF every building. do not re-
member seeing an undamaged house
The trench we followed went through
cellars and stables. gardens and work
shops. II ran beside the remains Of a
factory wall and cut through a pile Of
some thousands of tons Of coal There
were hundred branches from the
main boyau. 1t could be defended at
every twenty feet. That entire section
Of scissors is an intricate and COM
plicated network Of trenches every one
Of which could become the first line In
case Of need. Any German soldier who
makes his way into those trenches will
have time TO grow long gray beard
while he is trying to find his way back
TO his own lines.
The Oskaloosa herald., 1916-05-25
THE BUSINESS OUTLOOK.

Business interests are still chiefly
dominated by the war" says Henry
Clews. The impression that peace is
near is gaining in strength daily.
Germany undoubtedly desires a settle
ment if satisfactory terms can be ar
ranged. Unfortunately, while positive
efforts may be made in this direction,
he outlook for Immediate success is
doubtful. Each Of the Allies have heavy
demands to make upon Germany, de
nands to which she is not likely to
consent. Great Britain, Russia aHG
France are on the ascendant of power
in a greater degree than at any time
since the war began. They have not
yet had a fun opportunity to assume
the offensive and strike their strong
est blow, without which il seems Ger
tain they will not consent to peace.
therefore, while the desire for peace
exists, and while some preliminary eff
forts In its direction are entirely with.
in the range of probability, the outlook
for an actual SUSPENSION of hostilities
appears remote. The Mexican trouble
seems to have passed out OF serious
consideration as market factor. al.
though still source of considerable
anxiety TO the Administration at Wash
ington. Politics also appear to be a
factor of minor importance from the
business standpoint. and this cam
paisn is attracting less interest than
any presidential contest in many
years. mainly OF course because il is
oyershadowed in the public mind by
war in Europe and our own difficulties
With Mexico.
The labor outlook Is causing con-
siderable perplexity In industrial cir
cies Wages have advanced in many
Instances, especially in munition
Plants. as result of war profits arc
purely ephemeral, and that when
peace comes, as II might within the
year. these viii quickly melt away
the extra profits enjoyed by
The Oskaloosa herald., 1916-05-25

many of the industries outside of the
war group. There are really two points
of view regarding the labor outlook.
One Is that when the war is over, if
not before, there will be slump in
everything pertaining to munition in
dustry; that a share international
struggle will Immediately begin for
the markets of the world; that Europe
VIII be on a much lower cost basis
u an the United States; that in con-
sequence our exports of manufactures,
which nearly trebled in the last nine
rIonths, would shrink back to their
former basis: and that ConsecuentyI
there will be over production and a.
sharp Industrial setback followed by
lower prices and vanishing profits. II
is quite certain that sooner or later
some Establishments will be necessary,
if we are to meet foreign competition
and gain the firm footing in the worlds
foreign markets which Is becoming 2
national ambition. Profits will have to
return to normal, and costs will UNI
doubtedly be reduced. But the Ques
ton that chiefly perpleXeS managers
is, will labor be willing to accept it's
share of the inevitable readjustmcnt"
Probably not, and this is a difficulty
that may have to be solved before
many months have passed. There Is
still another point of view. which is
this: Keen foreign competition may
admittedly be unavoidable when the
V ar is over; but it is argued that we
will be hotter prepared to meet that
competition than is generally suppOs-
ed. Foreign competition, it is argued
will not be 50 severe as many imagine,
because wages in Europe will remain
relatively high owing to the reduced
supply of labor and the excessive tax
es which labor will have to aid in
paying Furthermore. neither Germany
/ nor Great Rritain will waste much time
Eefore endeavoring to regain lost
ground; their recovery and readjust,
n ent will necessarily be gradual; con
IGequently while labor here may resist
readjustnent, it will probably grad
ally compromise as leaders come to
realize irresistible conditions. Such
IRE the widely divergent views of the
labor outlook" L'faft'.,@