davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-04-08
Grundy Center Items.

Special to Times-Republican.
Grundy Center, April st. Fuller
was awarded the contract for bridge
work by the board OF supervisors this
week, his bid Of $12,975 being the low
est. He met in competition with many
outsiders but was able to land the con-
tract. Mr.. Fuller has lived here many
years and Of late has been working FOR
the county on bridge work.
rifle association was organized
here this week with f. s. Beckman
as president. r. S. Taft as secretary,
and Bert Tharp as executive OFFICER.
The boys are quite enthusiastic over
the matter.
w r. Laybourn has sold his interest
In the Lavhourn Auto Company to his
son and partner P. G. Laybourn. who
will continue the business.
The home talent play given at the
Schafer opera house by the high school
pupils was splendid entertainment
and was enjoyed by a full house. The
proceeds went for the benefit or the
school
L. 3. Bieolow has brought an action
in court against p. c. Akin for an &C
counting of the business done by the
firm of Akin & Rigelow which, until
ABOUT one year ago, WIS t'i"S caSi-
ness here under the firm name of L.
r. Bigelow. 1t seems that n settle
ment Of the old firm business was
never made and this move is for the
purpose Of forcing such n settlement.
The new council organized this
week with {. l.. Butler as mayor. T.
V lMCBroon as clerk. John White as
assessor. W. c. Morrison as treasurer
II. A. W.lloughbv as city attorney. F.
A Crary as engineer a w. feager.
marshal and street commissioner
Charles Ford. night watch. and w. d.
Wilson. c. L. Kinney. l.. II. Carpenter.
w F. NenZ and J. r. Stevens as
counuimen w. o. Mcdowell was ap-
pointed health officer
% J. C. Lage has completed and opened
his new skating1r rink. He has large
floor. with canvas cover
D. A. Mast for county treasurer. f.
G. Stevens for sheriff. and W. a.
Mooty for representative are the latest
additions 20 the list Of republican can
didates that have their announcements
in the papers
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-04-08
Montour News.

Special to Times Republican.
Montour. April S.-Miss Iva Wagner
has returned from Los Angeles Cal.
after a stay of about four years ana
will make an indefinite visit with her
parents. MIR. and Mrs. J. w. Wagner.
+ Mr. Harry J. Roger, late editor ana
proprietor of the Rhodes Tribune, mas
leased the w. +. Surface building ana
will in about ten days establish local
paper and printing office OF swnich
rMontour is in sore need. Mr.. Reser
comes highly recommended. both as TO
his integrity and ability as an experi-
enced newspaper man. Mr.. and MIS-
Roger will occupy the Guy flnnev
house in west Montour. "
b Mr.. Albert Gill is very seriously SICK
at his home. His daughters, Mrs. Fred
Rembe, Of Indiana. and Mrs. n. W.
Curtis, of Clinton. Mo-, and mis- brothei,
Thomas Gill, of st. Anthony, are at MS
bed side this week.
Misses Alice Rouse. of Davenport.
and Dorothy Rouse, Of Lamoille, are
visiting their grandparents, MIR. ana
Mrs. Amos Rouse.
Miss Helen Howard, of lIamollie, is
visiting her grandfather. j. r. HOWARD
and brother, ]. J. Howard.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-04-08
NAME NEW UPERINTENDENT
w. A. Pye, Of Eagle Grove. Elected
Head of Eldora Schools.

Special to Times Republican.
Eldora, April ga special meeting
of the D., cf educ 49, Of Eldora
was held Thursday night. at which
time they elected W. a. Pye Of Eagle
Grove. as superintendent Of the schools
Mr.. Pye has been superintendent Of
the public schools Of Eagle Grove for
the past five years and Is considered
one of the leading educators Of Iowa
today. He is a married man and has
one child and will move here some
time in June. A graduate from Corn ell
College. of Mount Vernon, he took
post graduate work in the Iowa uni
versity and Iowa State College. His
salary will be increased from 81, $50 to
$500 per year.
Superintendent Veline has resigned
and the resignation will take effect
Friday. April IA. Mr.. Ellis the prin-
cipal will have charge of the schools
for the remainder of the school year.
Mr.. Veline and family will move to
Osceola county. where they will take
up farm life. The people will be very
sorry that Mr. Veline and family are
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-04-08
PROMINENT YOUNG LADY OF
GLADBRook CRUSHED UNDER
OVERTURNED MACHINE.
COMPANION AND DRIVER
ESCAPE WITH SLIGHT HURTS
Miss AIzina Ensle and James Lage
Meet With Mishap While Returning
From Dance at Reinbeck - Miss
EngIe Instantly Killed When Auto
Skids and Turns Over.
special to Times Republican.

Special to Tirnes-iRepublican.
Gladbrook. April S.--A wet road and
a skldding auto caused the death at
an early hour this morning Of Miss
Alzina Engle. a prominent young
woman of this place.
Miss Engle, in company v it'll James
Lage. attended a dance at Reinbeck
last night. They remained until a
late hour and started home shortly be-
fore o'clock in Mr.. Lagos car. The
fall of snow made the roads slippery.
and at a point two miles west of Rein
beck the car skidded, went over an
embankment and turned over Miss
Engle was caught beneath the car and
was killed instantly. her skull being
crushed. Mr.. Lage suffered only slight
bruises.
Miss EIngle was about 20 years Of
age and was the daughter of Mr.. and
Mrs. Peter Engle. She was prominent
and popular. She was 40 employee nf
the Conant store. Mr.. Lage and Miss
F.ngle We're engaged to be married and
the wedding was to take place in the
near future.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-04-08
rndEs-REPUBIICAN, MARsHALLTowN, IOWA: April s. 1916

Sheldahl. Wagner was driving the
disc and in some manner fell over In
front OF the sharp wheels just as the
horses became frightened and started
to run. One Of the sharp disc wheels
cut into his right thigh In a painful
manner and he was in some way
caught so that he could not release
himself from underneath the wheels.
With the entire weight OF half or the
machine upon him he was dragged
about forty rods to the BARNARD where
the horses became entangled IN a
fence and were stopped. He then ex-
tricated himself from his perilous ana
painful position. The side OF the ma
chine ceased to revolve when 1t was
lifted from the ground to his oody
and this fact doubtless saved ms n1e
About fifty stitches were needed TO
close the wounds made by the disc
upon his body. It is now thought that
he will recover.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-04-08
when RUN DOWN
Hoods SarsapariiIa, the Reliable Tonic
.e Medicine, Builds Up. !.

The reason why you feel so tired all
the time at, this season is that your
blood is impure ard impoverished. ~
lacks vitality. 1t is not the rich blood
that gives life to the whole body, per-
fects digestion and enables all the or \
gans to perform their functions as they
should. IL. I'll ,ssE
Get Hoods Sarsaparilla from any
druggist. 1t will make you feel better,
eat and sleep better. 1t Is the ola re-
liable tried and true all-the- year rouno
blood purifier and enricher, tonic ana
appetizer. it revitalizes the blood ana
is especially useful in building UP the
sdebili tated and run down.
Hoods Sarsaparilla is helping tnou-
sands at this time OF yenr. Let ~ neip
You. Get hc.:!s ..Ss;s;.:y
ing at once. Be sure to get HOOD 9.
Nothing else acts like 1t.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-04-08
COURT RULES THAT WOMEN
SHOULD STAND BY HUS-
BANDS WHO GO WRONG.
COMM OF CRIME
NOT DIVORCE GROUNDS
Iowa Supreme Court Makes Ruling
on Duties Of Domestic Relations
Commission of Crime Not Cruel and
inhuman Treatment - Drunkenness
Suffic lent Grounds For Divorce.

! Des Moiues April Sit is a woman 5
| duty to stand BY her husband and try
to reform him. even III" che knows ne
has committed a criru", the Iowa SUI
prene court yest,rIu, Iuled in the d.
vorce action OF ka;e XIII vs.. Fred Bill.
appellant of Crawford county.
The court granted the divorce. but
specified that It was Not on the ground
that Fred Bill was charged with
crime I he separation was granted
owing to Bins alleged fOndneSs for
drink. a.
Says Husband Was Cruel.
Mrs Rill asked for a divorce Chars-
ing excessive u.s. vf lnlnXiHatins LIQUOR
and cruel and inhHman treatment. The
cruel ard il. human treatment, she said.
consisted of the :u>t thAt the husband
emhpzzled the fGHds of society IN
wnIch he was treasurer and that ne
confessed the crime t" her This prtye0
on her mind she SAID However BIZ
Was acquitted when tried in court on
the charge Of bein- short IN his ac-
counts.
TIL. court said
The priN>lpal question IN this case
ls. Does tn" comm issinn nf a crime
hy a husband AVID his conte ssi"n there
OF I" his wife amount to rru4! and in
human treatment" II the crime We're
against the - =. perhaps it would: Ant
!: n. rlftrs $ AGAINST stranger We
arc constrained to hold that This in it.
ecIt s n It E, good ground for divorce
unless a ConvicI,"n follows.
Should Defend Him.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-04-08

not going to be with us longer. Since
coming here Mr. Veline has built up
great school system altho under
very unfavorable conditions. He was
mainly responsible for the new school
building which is contracted for. Mr..
Neline has been a very active worker
along Y. VI. G. A. lines and other
christian work among the young men
of the town forming the High School
Boosters club and bible study class
which meets every Wednesday night
in the high school. where the fellows
form a general get together" party
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-04-08
Twins Born; Mother Dies.

Special to Times Republican.
/. Iowa City, April Soy and sorrow
blended in the heart of Joseph Schon-
born A. we'll known resident Of West
Branch. when twin boys were born to
Mr.. and Mrs. Schonborn. The mother.
however did not survive long, and
twentv-four hours after the children
came she passed away in an Iowa Guy
hospital. The babies are doing finely
and the hospital corps predicts they
will, live. The mothers body has been
taken to West Branch for interment.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-04-08
Williams News Notes.

Special to imes-Republ1caH.
Williams. April 8.-The program ior
the summer chautauqua has been CIV
en- the committee here and II promises
to be the best we have had yet. There
will be FIVE different musical .organiza-
tions and as many lecturers anu f5'H .
dates-Aug. ,4-28. g: I.s,
"A baseball team has been organized
for. the season, with r. T. JohnsoA
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-04-08

manager and James r. Talcott captain.
Miss Carmen Martinson has resigned
her position as bookkeeper In the
clothing store and has accepted q po-
sition, in Hurley, 8. d.
C. "a. Bratnober Is organizing q boy
scout camp. y&
Ross. Olson and wife have new
baby, born Wednesday night.
Mrs. Vanglen entertained the Needle
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-04-08
GRUMPY SEEKS COLLEGE.
Funds Being Raised to Secure Chris
tan Reform School.

Special to Times Republican.
Grundv Center. April S.-The COM
mcrcial club met with DIR. Bode. chair
man of the committee on location of a
college for the Christian Reform
church and the matter Of raising funds
was taken up The commercial club
Immediately took action pledging So
500 toward the purchase price of the
school building and DR.. Bode was per-
mtted TO make a canvass Of our citi-
zcns for subscriptions in addition to
this The meeting was enthusiastic for
the school and the town is behind the
movement strongly.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-04-08
DRAGGED UNDER HEAVY DISC.
Farm Hand Near SheldatI Narrowly
ESCAPES Death

Special to Times Republican,.
Nevada, April S.--Dragged under
meath the half section of a heavy disc
for distance of forty rods behind q
runaway team was the frightful en-
perienCe of t0rbett Wagner, a young
man who works for Ira Zachery, near
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-04-08
EXPOSURE MAY CAUSE DEATH.
Pneumonia Sufferer Wanders Out IN
Wintry Weather While Delirious.

Special to Times Republican.
Iowa City, April S.-William Fry Tor
merly president of the johnson County
Savings Bank, lies near death at ms
home, a victim of pneumonia. Whiie
del;rious, last night, he stole out OF the
house, and clad in a thin nightrooe'
sat about ten minutes on the porch IN
the wintry weather. before he was dis
covered. The shock may prove fatal
He is II.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-04-08
MINNEAPOLIS 4 ST. LouIa
NORTH ROIJNn

NOHid BOUND. LeavA
Twin CITIES Mail ldaiiy) s:fs 4 m.
Mason City Mail lex SUM-. 5:55 o. m.
Twin City Limited daily. $40 a m.
Local freight lex. SUM- 80. $3.50 4 m
SOUTH BOUND.
ek Louis and Kansas City
Mail fdaily) ....-........ 5:45 D. IA
OakAtoosa Express Eek. sum- 9:16 q. m.
n louis and Peoris Linn
1tsd daily .......-... 4:01 q n
Local Freight Eek. SUM -. TOO 4 n
STORY CITY BRANCH.
LaavG, AT1tvA
o:45 a. m. Stock Express
Ter SUM .....-........ SOS = -
e:A6 D. m. Mixed (ex. SUM- sos p. m
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1916-04-08

given and : straw vote taken on equal
suffrage. Is III III AZ II W ~ "
j. r. futile has bought the Dover
eighty-acre farm for 5000 per acre and
has immediate possession. ii NJ
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1916-08-30
ILLINOIS CITIES
PLAN FOR STRIKE
Central Part of State Puts Hope in In
terurbans and River Lines of
Travel.

Springfield, Ill, Aug. 30.-Sprins-
field and central Illinois is depending
on its electric interurban system to
carry it through in case of a strike on
the steam roads. Lines running to
ST. Louis connect with steamship lines
on the Mississippi river and to Peoria
to connect with boats on the Illinois.
Through these sources this city ex-
poets to stave off serious consequent
ces. The electric system has brought
in every bit of available rolling stock.
Shippers have begun to store up
non-perishable freight.
Railroads here have been attempting
for several days to negotiate indl-
yidually with their men.
Clinton, Iowa, Aug. Subjective
Immediately patrons of the c. B. & @.
and the c. r. l. & p. were notified to-
day neither road will accept explos-
ives for transportation. nor livestock
or perishabIe freight which cannot
reach their destinations by Saturday,
Sept g Other shipments will be re-
ceived without liability for loss, dam
age or delay due to the threatened
strike No orders had been received
this morning by the local representa-
tives of the c. & n. W. nor the c. NJ. g.
ST. p. railroads.
Peoria. Aug. 30.-The Toledo. Peoria
and Western railway today declared
an embargo on all livestock and per-
ishable freight that will not reach its
destination prior to Sept. 2.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1916-08-30
RAIL OFFICIALS
HOLD MEETING
Important Conferences Are Called TO
Meet Conditions III Strike
Is Called.

Des Moines, Iowa, Aug. 30.-Offlcials
of the various railroads centering here
were called to their home offices today
for conferences in regard to the threat
ened strike. 1t was reported at police
headquarters that local officials of the
lines have been employing special po-
licemen for the protection of the prop
erty Of the companies.
superintendent c. A. Shoemaker of
the Chicago Great Western, was called
to a conference at Kansas City, and
Charles w. Jones, assistant general
manager of the Chicago, Rock Island
and Pacific was called into Chicago
last night.
Chicago, Aug. 30.-A large number
Of the railroad presidents who have
been in Washington discussing the
strike problem with President Wilson
arrived in Chicago today for an i'm
portant conference.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1916-08-30
WILSON PRESSES DELAY OF STRIKE
21r111r1ar1S Force Pass and axe Enemy Cities?
EIGHT HOUR DAY is
PARAMOUNT IDEA OF
PRESIDENT WILSON
(By John CalIan 0Taughlin in Chi
cagO Herald).

(By John CalIan 0Taughlin in Chi
cagO Herald).
Vital as is every feature of the
presidents legislative program, none
promises to be more far-reaching
than that establishing an eight-hour
day as the legal basis alike of work
and of wages in the employment of
all railway employees who are actually
engaged in the work of operating
trains in interstate transportation.
1t is frankly admitted by the presi-
dent and his cabinet that the enact
ment of this standard of work Will
mark the birth of a great social,
economic and industrial revolution
in the United States.
Short Day for All Likely.
These officials foresee the extension
of this day from certain classes of
railroad employees to all classes of
state and interstate carriers. They
foresee further the application of the
eight-hour standard beyond transpor-
tatiOn agencies. 1t is their expecta-
tion that the eight-hour standard will
be established and maintained for
every mechanical worker in the coun-
try.
In other words the man who labors
with his hands will not be required
to work more than eight hours a day.
The federal government can lead the
way in this matter, first, by requiring
all industries doing government bust
ness to apply the eight-hour standard.
and, secondly, by forbidding the trans
portation in Interstate commerce of
any goods in the manufacture OF
which the standard is not observed.
New Plan of Wilson.
The legislative program submitted
by the president to congress yester-
day recommends the most radical
remedies to settle disputes between
capital and labor ever laid before that
body by the chief executive.
While the immediate design of the
presidents program Is to prevent the
ordered strike, he emphasized that
the legislation suggested for enact
ment was intended to bring perma-
nent relief and obviate the possibility
of the general tte-up of railroad serv-
ice in the future.
In addition to the legalized eight
hour day, the presidents program
embraces compulsory suspension of
strikes and lockouts while a govern
ment board is investigating disputes
between capital and labor, authority
through the interstate commerce
commission TO investigate the eHect
of the eight-hour day, with the view
of allowing the railroads to increase
their revenues so as to meet the adj
ditional expenditures entailed, author
ity to the executive to force railroad
officials and employees to operate
trains assigned to transport troops
and for other purely military pur-
poses, and requirement that all ar
bi:ral awards should be made judg-
ments by record of court of law and
enforced by an impartial and authori-
tative tribunal.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1916-08-30
On1ahaJudg
Enjojns Men
From Strike

Omaha, Aug. 30.-Judge Willis E.
Sears of the district court of Douglas
county today issued an order restrain
ing the general and local officials Of
the Order of Railway Conductors call
ing or enforcing a strike on the lines
OF the Union Pacific.
The order was issued on petition of
Edwin A. Hamilton, a conductor on the
Union Pacific and member Of the
Order of Railway Conductors, who de-
clares that he and many other en-
ployes of the road are anxious to con-
tinue at work.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1916-08-30
THE WAR TODAY

The Rumanians are reported to
be fighting shoulder to shoulder
with the Russians in an effort TO
capture passes in the eastern Car
pathians leading into Hungary.
King Ferdinand OF Rumania has
taken personal command of his
army and has ordered a general
mobilization of his forces.
Vienna admits that owing to a
"far reaching encircling movement
by strong Rumanian forces, Aus
trian advanced attachments have
been forced to withdraw"
The attitude of Greece I'm the
war is causing much concern. A
prO-entente demonstration in
Athens passed resolution saying
that ii the people were not heard
i'm their demand that Greece Join
the entente. 1--WE must take counsel
as to what is 10 he done TO min
imize the ruin which awaits us."
On the French front operations
were halted to a great extent by
bad weather.
On the eastern front from Riga
TO the Carpathians I'm Galicia no
mOmentOus happenings were re-
ported.
In the Caucasus region near
Lake Van. the Russians have
gained additional successes over
the Turks.
The Serbians in Macedonia have
repuIsed strong Bulgarian attacks
northwest of Lake OstrOYO.
The Italians have captured Mon
te Cauriol from the AustrianN.
Field Marshal ven Hindenburg
has been appointed chief of the
German general staff in succession
to General Won Faikenhayn, dis
missed BY the emperor.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1916-08-30
G.. & A. rs FACING
SHOP MEMS STRIKE

Bloomington, Ill. Aug. 30.-The
Chicago & Alton, with 81 other large
western railroads. including, it is said,
the Missouri Pacific, Frisco. and Mis-
souri,, Kansas & Texas, are not only
facing a strike of the englnemen and
trainmen, but $4,000 employees of the
mechanical departments are prepar-
ing to vote on a strike ballot Sept. Q,
if negotiations fail with with the Off
Gals for a fiat increase Of five cents
and an eight-hour day. Some of the
northwest roads have signed up for
the increase, but since then the eight
hour demand has come up and will be
submitted to all the roads concerned.
Alton officials are in session here
today considering the demands of the
men.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1916-08-30
Death List of Sailors Placed
at Between Thirty
and Forty.
MANY OF CREW HURT
Rear Admiral Pond Has Re,
ported That Fighting Ship
Will Be a Total Loss.

Washington, Aug. 30.-Incom-
pIete advices to the navy depart
ment today indicated that between
20 and 30 American blueiackets
lost their lives yesterday when
the armOred cruiser Memphis was
driven ashore In a sudden trOpi-
cal storm at San Domingo City.
Messages received last night and
today showed the following dead and
injured:
Dead:
GEORGE W. RUD, Minneapolis.
Very seriously injured:
AlphOnsus J. Anderson, Philadelphia.
Arthur H Porter, Cleveland.
Jennings P. Blackwell, Parksville,
S. C.
Elphard J. Quinn. Brooklyn.
Seriously injured:
Martin J. McVeigh, Philadelphia.
Walter L. PIanck, Trenton. n. J.
Timothy J. Leary, Fall River, Mass.
Harris A. Bryan, New Britain, Conn.
James H. Keegan, Brooklyn.
- Seriously scaided, but will recover:
Lieutenant Claude A. Jones. Charles
ton,- w. Va
Seriously injured:
NJ. F. McVeigh.
w H. Plauck.
T. J. Leary.
H A Brian.
j. Keegan.
Rear Admiral Pond reported that
81 others were slightly injured and
that several men were drowned.
Rear Admiral Ponds dispatch today
said a steam main burst, causing the
additional casualties. The admiral said
all hands had been removed from the
ship which he previously reported
would be a total loss.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1916-08-30
Latest Bulletins

Vancouver, Il. C.. Aug. 3d.
Christian W. Menning, aged 66.
wealthy manufacturer of Des
MOines, Iowa, fell dead at local
hotel today of heart disease.
New Orleans, Aug. 30.-Twenty
of the crew of the American
steamer Admiral Clark, which
sailed from Port Arthur, Texas,
for Buenos Aires on Aug. II. per-
ished at sea when the steamer
foundered Aug. I6 in a tropical
hurricane
Washington, Aug. 30.-The ad-
ministrati0n shipping bill was
finally disposed of in congress to-
day. The bill now goes 10 Presf.
dent Wilson.
Washington. Aug. 30.-The Unit
ed States has been requested by
Rumania to take over her interests
in Austria.
Berlin, Aug. 30, via London,
I:44 .. m.J-EmperOr Williams
appointment of Field Marshal Won
Hindenburg as chief of the Ger
man general stan is acclaimed
generally.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1916-08-30
NEW HAVEN DIRECTORS
SUED FOR MILLIONS

New York, Aug. 30.-Former officers,
directors and counsel of the New York,
New Haven & Hartford railroad were
made defendants today in a liability
and restitution suit for more than
$3.50. 900 600, filed in the United States
district court by five Massachusetts
stockholders of the road.
The suit is based on evidence taken
at the recent trial of William Rookie
Teller and other former directors of
the road for criminal conspiracy I'M
der the Sherman antitrust law.