davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-12-18
Safeguarding Road. In wi,tcr

ater, not cold. is the cause NJ ,bo
deterioration Of roads in win,cr ,,o,5
weather does not in itself iniure roads
no ma'ter whether they are earth
t'aEci or macAdam. In fact an earth
ROAD VIII stand more traffic when I,
IS Sold!y frozen than at any o,h.-
time Excess water. however is nj
"aTs detrimental 10 a highway N-b.p
cold weather turns this water into
ice. the damage that Il does is great
~ increased. Ice occupies consider
AMY more space than the water from
which 1t is formed. and every pcrson
VINO has lived In cold climate Is ia
mi!iar with the powerful bursting Of
'ect or water when let, TO freeze in
Sohhhed vessel. The same action
II kes place when vet road freezes
10 any considerable depth /, simply
bursts or a. we generally term /; in
road parlance, the road heaves Later
when the frost leaves. the road i dis
;ntegrated and ruts badly. If this
process IS repeated number Of ,irne.
during the winter. gravel or ,naca-
dam road may be practically DESTROY
81 While an Garth road may become
entirely impossible
= d.y .oad ~i.l no, heave Rock.
S:a"=!. sand. ana even clay. when per.
;"-:.y c-y. contracts slightly on tr.ez-
.' ~ r'G'1 % expand on freezing,
;:s%s@ materials must contain or DC
mixed "it. "a'e-. and The more Wa
- .t= ycoa,ain. The greater the ex-
;srs-on which taxes place Nu, 80
!c.r = - :o4d remains frozen. the
car-ss'- or-s 10, become apparent,
:is-t+ 80 .-sV-e.: and erroneous idea
ac i: - ;:aw which Injuries the
rrad -. r:g-y "as don" when tho
wt."' ~. 'oac trOze and ;.e par
ICES @: - road s9r!ace--broEe
-'c-s sand. s..l finer PARTICLES Of
sari. o: c.ey-w.-e yuEh.d apart by
':s expanding rpws- .. tne freezing
wa.er II. traw merely allows IN.
% . -... ard assu:u" its original
.ltLrls :. ~at.r
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-12-18

There is nothing that adds to the
beauty Of the home more than a good
blue grass lawn. say blue grass
for 1t does not matter what you seed
lawn TO. it Will get down TO blue
grass in short time The most es-
sent!al thing is to get the ground well
never become level after seeding down.
The levclinE lis best done with a length
Of railroad iron. drawing it back and
and the rail touches the ground along
It's whole length. II you cannot get
railroad rail. a timber will do the
work. In seeding. use at the rate OF
one bushcl of blue grass seed to the
acre but il takes two years to get 4
good sod OF blue grass alone. 1t Is
a good plan TO SOW two quarts Of tim
othy seed with the blue grasS-the
blue grass will run out the timothy
within year or two. To keep the
lawn in good growing condition, it
should have good coat Of fertilizer
applied in the fall, not disfiEuring your
lawn with Il lot Of course stable ma
nurc. but using fine rottcd manure, or.
Stlli better, pulveriZed Sheep-manurc
at the rate OF 500 pounds to the acre.
After sowing the seed. do not rake in.
but cover all over with one inch OF
well-ro;tcd manure. That will not
bake and become crustcd. in case Of
hard rains, as the dirt would. The
young plants will come up readily
through tho covering, and il Will in
sure a good stand and "a fine ~n-A.
HraCkctt
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-12-18

In "hoEEinG down" corn. hogs sbop,d
nave access 10 tankaxe in n sclf-f...d.
CT III this way they balance ,bcir
ration and save the labor of husk-
'hR 'he corn and the feeding or m.
tankaEe by hand Even whom f.d d..
hand' hogs should have suppl.,u.n,
OF tankaBe or oilmc;,l in order to slim
u'a.e the secretions and digestion and
ouiid frame work and muscle as wolf
hS MAKE Tat. TankaGc or clinical may
ne 'ed IN Il slop or Try in trough.
hither way is satisfactory. About on.
part of tankaEe to ten parts of ,.orr
VIII make balanced ration, while one
part OF linsced-oil meal 10 every six
parts or corn will balance n ration
ioung pigs and shoats need more pro.
TEN imam older hogs. AS the hog
k'o"S oider and latter. the protein
supplement- may h" decreased some
what. and good results secured.-s ~
Simpson.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-12-18
BAyARIANS SUFFER
FHIGHTTUL WAR LOSSES

MUNICH. December 17.--IIavarin has
suffered frightful war losses Many
examples Of pitiful nature indicate
this clearly in the local press.
For instance, Mrs ';raef "a widow
of Estcnfcld. has lost five of her nine
sons two others are crippled for
life, and the remaining two are still
fighting in ROumania
a farmer by the name Of Uoeldersrh.
in Rosenhaupten. gave six sons to the
killed in battle.
or the eight brothers Hartmann. of
l.cttcrbcrG. who were called to the
colorS when the war broke ont, five
have met their deaths, one was badly
wounded and only two remain unhurt
blacksmith by the name of S.ahla.
in rraunerhof. mas lost six sons. Three
OF them were killed by the same shell
on the Somme
There is hardly n family in the whole
kingdom which has not sacrificed two
or more of its members on the battle
fields.
remarkable exception is reported
from obcrkammiach. Wilhelm KEN
10. the schOolmastcr Of this village,
has sent eight stalwar, SONS to the
front. hut not one of them has even
h""" hurt. although all have distin-
SuiShcd themselves by bravery and
earned the Iron Cross. Three of the
lucky eight brothers have received
special decorations from King Ludwig
md two have been promoted to the
rank of officers for their daring and
skill.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-12-18
RIFT IN REPUBLICAN
Lutte IN THE SENATE
SiI niticnnre Attached to Vote of Pro-
EresstNes for President
Fro 'ErmpOre.

WASlilNGTON. December I7-Dis-
in The Senate. as shown by The vote on
the election of president pro tcmpore
of that body last week. has caused
S":nt gossip among the minority mem =
pcrShiD. The pro forma nominee of the
Rcpuhiirans for president pro tcmporn
was Senator Gallingcr. but, To the sur
prise OF many, five Progressive Soma =
tors voted for Senator LA Foilcttc's
nominee. Senator cltpp. of Minnesota.
These Senators We're .;orah, Norris
Cummins. Kenyon and la Toilette. 1t
is said that at least two other Pro-
grcSsivcs would have voted likewise
but for some Influencing reasons not
related to the issue.
Incrc ha: been considerable Srccula :
ton since that occurrence as 4" :hc
significance Of this division in the Re
publican ranks and whether il fore
casts q clcavcraEc between tho old line
Republicans and the Irogr.asivca on
party questions that may arise in the
future.
From Progressive sources the state
mcnt is ELECTED that the vote was in
fact Il protest against what seemed to
the ProEresSivcS TO lac Il disposition
upon the part OF the regulars to take
IL FOR granted that the old-ln" Re
PdpiicanS are to proceed without con
sultatton with tho Progrcssivcs.
II Is said that Senator C;nllinrcr was
selected as the Republican candidate. by
the old-linc leaders on the ground oi
seniority. and that progrcSsivcs were
not considered as to whether this ar
ranSenchct was acceptable TO them or
not. II is asserted that tic Democrats
IN their choice of a presiding Office,
were not guided by tho precedent of
seniority. and tlla' therefor. !, could
be reasonably assumed that the rclu-
lars wcre moved by considerations
other than that Of The right Of senior
ity.
From utterancss OF tho Proeraseivos
1t is evident that considerable fcclinL
exists among them over wh.: they ;i
this time at least. apprrhcnd to he i'm
tcntion OF the ola Guard" TO ccuduc,
republican partisan affairs wI.hou,
r"iernce TO the wishes q. the prlrr.s-
svea
whether the ProErcssivcs will divide
on legislative questions OF party ma
lure ~ said to depend upon the future
course OF the regulars in admitting the
Pr"Eressives Il fun share In tho conn
Gus or the party and to heed their
preferences and desires
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-12-18
Innk to Idle ACreh.

Why lose money through idle acres?
Have YOU an idle acre on your farm?
II so. why not AZ once put i, to some
us.--if for no other reason. that IL may
work no injury 10 yourself or 10 your
naighbor? Every such acre. in set
led community. Is an accuscr. brand
i,y its owner-so says Il contemporary
las either thoughtless. wasie:ul or
sh!.,!ess: possibly all three" on any
such acre. weeds may grow sufficient
20 seed down" township and TO In
crease the lahors Of the whole farming
population Tn" broad areas Of uncul-
i!vated land. which form SO large a
percentage O! thousands of farms. AFRO
= standing indictment OF our system
Of land ownership and taxation. as un-
reasonable and unjust. No man should
he entitled 70 hold more land than no
can fully cultivate or make otherwise
useful to tho community: az. for in
stance. in III" growing of timber trees
or In the maintenance Of well-stockeh
FISH pond. Idle land should he so hcav-
lis taxed that nobody could afford 10
keep II out OF usc--it must be Guilt.
vaie or sell," Itut instead OF observ-
ing this Just rule, we punish with
heavier taxation the farmer who i'm.
proves and enr!ches his land. and let
of. with only nominal taxation. the
owner Of idle acres.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-12-18
WIDE PRICE CHANGES
HEGISr'EWED IN COTTON
nv AssnciateL Press

NEW ORLEANS, December 1.-THE
widest price changes III recent y,tIr,
we're registered in the local co,ton
market last week. with the most vio-
lent fluctuations on Monday, following
inc governments estimate of the crop.
of ll.3ll 900 bales. Trading months
at one time were down for not loss
OF l32 to l6l points and the January
position stood almost cents a hound,
or s2O bale under the highest levels.
OF the season From tho highest to
the lowest. on Monday. there was a
fall OF IL? to l5l points.
While looking for a large crop cs
innate from the government still not
many expected consumption during
November to exceed that Of October
Roth breaks and bulgcs resulted fol
lowing the proposals by Germany bu.
the market was lifted. rather than de-
caused Il feeling OF great unccrtainty.
This week peace news will be ea-
Eerly looked for and the general idea
appears TO he that the market will be
unsettled until tho situation is more
definitely shaped.
Trading will be affected more or
less by the holidays and probably most
traders vii! refrain from large opera
tons. The Census Bureau on Wedncs-
day will issue a report on cotton gin
ned to December 10. hut i; is not gem
orally thought it will contain any
thing not already discounted
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-12-18
4 Wcll-Drnined Itond.

T." r"meay Is selt-.v!dcut. Keep
h. water out Of Iii. road. I'll. tim.
20 begin yr"v-ii!v. measures is bcior"
tn" rain. begin II ,:.- roam goes into
the winter thoroughly dry with the
surface and dra!:ag" ia good condi
t!o'l. III. chances az" extremely favor.
able that u WI com. out all right
th- following spring.
Keep tn. bitches and drains open
Remove all Accommodations OF weeds
grass, etc. which tend 20 retain mois-
ture and obstruct drainage. Further
more. do this WORK while the ground
j. sun dry and hard Vegetation ana
litter hold water Ike sponge. and
ALLOW il gradually 20 sOah in and
soften The earth The job bcfor. the
ROAD man IL To- Keep the hard. dry
surface formed in the Summertime
from becoming softened by The fail
and winter rains and SHOWS When
the fan rains begin the earth or gravel
road should be dragged frequently TO
prevent the formation OF ruts and the
collection Of water. All ravclcd places
Oh uncadnm surfaces should he care
fully h!lcd III and consolidated.
During ;hc winter. whenever a thaw
7 is coming on. The cross drains aud
side bitches should he opened un as
/ far as possible. SO as to prevent water
/ collecting along the roadway II tn.
/ thaw is so pronounced that the road
7 way ~ softencd the drag should he
used: sometimes one round trip OF the
| drag. with the hitch reversed, will
entirely rid the earth road Of slush and
d melting snow ana leave tn. road sur
/ face prac;ly dry. Don, got the Idea
that the drag is not needed Oh your
earth and gravel roads In the winter
time. Instead. Keep il where Won can
get At !, readily FOR II the winter +.
an ordinary one you VIII need i, many
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-12-18
PLANS FOR TRIP TO KONGO
Smithsonian In.titute Representative.
to 60 on Important Scientific
Expedition.

NEW YORK. December 17.-Plans
have been made public FOR what
exports representing the Smithsonian
Institute declare will be the most i'm
portant scientific expedition ever sent
from this country TO the French konso
Its aim is to make geological and eth
biological collection for the institutions
Professor Il. l.. Garner. OF this city. and
l.. ASchmcier. of Washington, the adj
vance guard. will sail on the return
voyage Of the French liner Chicago.
which arrived yesterday. They VIII
carry several tons Of supplies prepare
tory to Il SIX nlonths sojourn IN the
Kcngo. They viii be followed in March
by Alfred NJ. collins. OF Philadelphia
and Professor Charles Wellington Fur
long, of Boston. MIR. Collins is big
game hunter and explorer. MIR. Asch-
mcir is associated with the Smithsonian
Institute rs taXidcrmist and rat
uralist.
Professor FurlonE. an explorer.
writer and painter. previously has been
I'm Africa. Professor Garner has lived
among tho natives in the French Kongo
and learned their language
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-12-18
TO CUT OUT WAR PROFITS
Tinker Wonid Remove Temptation Hc-
fore Mnnition Worker, to Plunge
Nation Into Conflict

PHILADELPHIA. PA. December l..
danger that munition makers inay
seek 10 plunge the country into war
lured by vast profits to be wruny from
tn" country In it's extremity, may bc
avoided. according to Secretary of War
Baker II arrangements are made
whereby tho government will take pos
session Of all excess protits OF muni-
ton plants
He made this suggestion last night
before tho American Academy Of Pc
li,ical and Social Science. in AN ad-
dress upon The Real Significance o.
Preparedness"
He declared that although he is a
peace at almost-a price man" there
is "a price that may be too high to pay
for peace.
Opponents to preparedness say /,
builds material interest in war" nc
added. They speak OF the munl,ion
makers intercs, in war-thcy say III.
owners of munition plants will get i'm
patient if they do not get chance
to make their mills go.
81 think that Is very serious prob.
ability. SO real nationa! preparedness
ought 10 have AS one OF It's objects to
organize industries so that there would
not be any war profits to make own
ers want war instead OF peace.
II do not want the government to
become a nonopolist. hut want "A way.
devised To take out war protts-with
perfect justice 10 the owners OF NUM-
ton plants-and surely il would b. far
better for the nation, than II they were
able TO take large profits from the mis-
fortunes of their country"
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-12-18
Mintcr DrnfecfInn

throughout large sections of the
country II Is unnecessary TO protcc,
c'''hoihS roses in winter. In the north
eFh section whore roses are apt TO win
ierkill. however. some sort OF pro,or-
non is necessary. Wrapping the bushe.
IN straw is effective where the cold is
nor too great. but is somewhat nm
signify 1t permits keeping the vines
more nearly in their summer position
surer method is to Law the vines
down, covering them with earth. and
after that is frozen. adding a layer OF
S'ra" or manure. This covering must
he removed promptly in the spring. as
soon as freezing Is over
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-12-18
AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT
ntion. The
md" onrih "tions grstou,im =
LANDLORD AND TENANTS
A. BUSINESS PARTNERS

y young landlord educated. thought.
fui. progressive. at the same time mind
iul OF the fact that his land must make
living for himself and family. be-
gan TO take notice OF what some OF tho
larger manufacturing plants OF the
country are doing To better the liv-
ing conditions of their employees
r. he reasoned the largest automo-
bile factory in the world can pay its
men - per day and upward and ut the
same time cUt the price OF it's cars to
a figure that is the despair OF compc-
tt"rS must not tn" quality and volume
of labor obtained he in proportion to
It's rewards? IT, he asked, the rewards
OF labor are such that the lahorer may
provide for himself and family clean
wholesome living conditions. good food,
pure water. and a reasonable amount
OF recrcatfon. Will not. in turn. the
volume and quality OF the work per-
formed rise TO an extent that will more
than offset the increased expenditures
Ana II manufacturing plants find 1t
good business to look to these things.
Nhy not the owners OF farm lands?
SO his plans were made, and is he
becomes financially able he is carrying
them out. He holds. first OF all. that
the very best OF tenants is none too
good for the place. and he constantly
plans TO get such men and keep them.
To do this he we'll knows that ne must
offer them a proposition as attractive
socially and financially as il is possible
IL make. First of all. he has adopted
\ crop rotation system that is impvov-
ing his lands. and prospective tenants
know In advance that they can count
on crop yields above the average. This
fact alone is of course Il strong induce
Ncnt. lie next sees to IL that every
family has good houSc-nothins
fancy. but comfortable dwelling Mt
for Il selt-respect!nR man and his fam
lily. 4 full acre Is allowed each tenant
for his garden and truck crops. which
he is not required to share with the
landlord and he is given free pasturaEe
for a milk COW. A written contract is
signed. and in every possible way the
point that the arrangement Is a part
nersh!p is stressed. The landowner adj
vances supplies at actual cost and
charges interest at per cent per an
mum. being content to get his profits
from his share OF the usually excellent
crops grown
Is II any wonder that such a land
lord has the pick OF the tenants OF his
community. and that under such an ar
ranEement both landlord and tenants
are making money Rather the won
der is that more such systems are not
put in operation.-The Progressive
Farmer
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-12-18

An inquiry recently received By the
Poultry Department OF the University
OF Missouri stated that the writer had
found a snake swallowing an egg In
the henhouse and had killed others
near, but that eggs continue to disap
pear both At night and i'll the daytime,
and asked how 10 poison eEEs.so as to
XIII the snakes. Professor II. l..
Kelnpster replied, Insert a few grains
OF arsenic through small hole in tho
large END Of each egg or get your
druggist TO do il for YOU. Be very
careful that each egg is so marked
that IL cannot possibly he gathered
up by mistake ana sold or used on the
table !, must ne placed where the
snakes can reach Il readily, but where
The egg-eatinE hen cannot touch ii.
even by pokinE her mead through a
SINAI! opening and reaching as far as
can
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-12-18
SHE Sells llutter Il, MniI.

Ihts woman makes use OF the parcel
post 10 sell her products. In Farm and
tircSdc. She says:
To get the best price. churu my
'ntteT from sweet cream and do no,
salt II. Some people have trouble in
'huFh'nS sweet cream. but after YOU
once get tn" hang of it, YOU will never
:" BACK TO the other way. The butter
~ so much better. The sweet cream
Shonid hr 4 little thicker than that al
owed TO turn and il YOU have u
cream separator this is very easy 10
regulate.
An Oily butter will not command "a
good price. The cream mus, be churned
AZ very low temperature at all Sc,
sons If the butter is to have a fine
texture.
especially is this hard TO regulate
III summer Even though talk" tho
cream directly from the ice and churn
very early in the morning before tho
M",St neat. have To work very fast
an" TIE very careful. else IL will not be
of good quality"
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-12-18
4 Cider Press or Fruit Crusher May lie
Used for Making Grape Sirup.

little effort and by the use OF such
utensils "a arc found in every kitchen.
The unanimous opinion OF nearly 100
people who tested samples OF musca-
dine g"anc sirups made in the autumn
Of 1915 Is that they are very good: many
pronounced them excellent The best
grades Of strip were estimated 10 nc
worth approx imately 81 cents per gal
Ion In comparison with sorghum S!run
1T 90 cents per gallon. The method
used in making the grape sirup is very
simple, and with prone care AN mex
pcr!enced operator can succeed.
The sirup can l." mad" from surplus
fruit which is usually allowed 10 go
TO waste. Tn. ruscadinc grapes
thrive in NirSina and all OF the south
crn states and IN" homes of this Soc
ton are generally plentifully supplied
with The fruit As this grape strip is
made from homegrown fruit II can
he used 10 supplement or even replac &C
direct expenditure Of money for
other sweets
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-12-18
Collar (,nlls.

Tannc acid is one OF The very best
remedies for collar gals. 1t can h.
secured from any drug store and Is
easily applied by rubbing lightly over
tho collar every morning and evening
II the horse is working.
Collar gals usually appear either
al the top OF the neck or at the point
Of the shoulder where an improperly
fitted collar rubs. II is important that
the collar b. kept clean at all times
in order that II may be kept from cut
ting into the neck. but special care in
keeping II clean is necessary after
those gals start. An ounce of pre-
vent!on is worth Il pound OF cure.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-12-18
BILLION FOR EDUCATION
This Amount VIII Be spent in United
Stnfcs During Coming Ycnr,
Federal OHlcinl Reports.

WASHINGTON, December IA bill
lion dollars will be spent in the United
States for education next year. the an
nual report of the United States Com
missioner of Education, made public
last night. shows. The total eApeudi-
lures in 1914. the last totals compiled,
were close to $500, 00n,00O
The report declares that America Is
well ahead of other nations in the
number of children receiving school
instruction. nearly quarter OF the
population CT this country being un-
der instruction.
About "a per cent Of the inhabitants
Of the United States are attending
school. as compared with 1? per cent
In Great Britain. u per cent In France
20 Fer cent in Germanv. and little
over IA per cent In 9ussia.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1916-12-18
PncLtnR md ShIppfnR Poultry.

Never handle chickens roughly. either
before or after killing. Rough han
ding causes bruises, broken bones
SCARED skins. and soft places In the
flesh Undue haste on the part of the
killers and pickcrs results in lowered
keeping quality and poor appearance
Of the product.
Piece work which leads to quantity
rather than quality makes for lower
prices on the market. Those who pay
hv the piece should remember that they
sell 70" the quality Of the piece.
ThcS" directions will apply will,
"qua! force TO turkeys intended for the
holiday market