davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-16

IN d1nerent parts of the country, but
the sentiment of the one in Boston on
matter of great importance. through
lack of coordination, might not be
the sentiment of the one in Atlanta or
San Francisco.
"a
Oscar S. Straus, Secretary of Com
merce and Labor. really took the mi
tiatory steps which brought about the
organization of the present national
chamber of commerce. He invited a
large number of business men to
Washington. They met the President
and Mr.. Straus at the White House.
This method of~trying to learn how
men of business felt in respect to mo-
mentous economic questions was con-
tinued during the administration of
Mr.. Taft.
The organization of the Chamber of
Commerce of the United States follow
ed in logical sequence Its purpose is
to acquaint the President, his cabinet
and Congress with the opinions of
business men on those matters which
they are supposed to know about. The
organization has no political prejudices
and its members, all of whom, no
doubt have political opinions of their
own, never attempt to drag partisan
views into the free discussion of public
questions.
The one object of the men within
the organization is to promote the in
terests of the United States In the
broadcast and best ways possible. To
that end. the national chamber is care
fully studying, through the instrument
tally of select committees composed
of able and experienced men, those
economic subjects which affect. not
communities standing alone, but the
whole country and all of the people.
I'm its development, industrially and
agriculturally, the United States has
come to the stage where it produces
more than it consumes. The surplus
must be sold in other countries. Con-
sequently. the chamber of commerce
is taking up those problems which
bear directly upon our foreign trade.
Republicans. democrats and MEM
bers of other political parties, If there
are any, stand together, arm to arm,
in their efforts to increase the pros
perity of this country and to supply
the President, the heads of the gov
eminent departments and members of
Congress with accurate information
that beneficial laws and actions may
follow.
The members of the commercial
bodies which have been welded into
the Chamber of Commerce of the
United States are the foremost bust
ness men of the nation. They are the
manufacturing, financial and CONNER
cial leaders of their cities and their
states To them are submitted such
important business problems as may
arise. They study the problems and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-16
Practically.

A NOVELIST was talking in New
~ York about writers mannerisms-
Walter Pater's mannerism was
'Well"" he said. 'In every paragraph
almost you came up on Well, in Pater.
"Stevensons chief mannerism was
fncontinently'-thoug Stevenson had
a half-hundred mannerisms-mainl y
the archaic or precious use of words,
like panic-'a panic terror for ex-
ample.
H. G. Wells has for mannerism the
use of three adjectives without any
separating commas-'wonderful rich
gay beauty. or the bright swift green
comet
These mannerisms. these tricks,
make me think of the tub thumper who
had run on the word practically He
never let slip chance to use this
word. Tub humping one day on the
East Side he shouted:
These here city missionaries come
down here to the East Side to reform
us But what do they know about us?
Nothing. Nothing at all. Now ] know
the East Side. ! do. I was practically
born in Hester street"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-16

price to the consumer. Second, by de-
ciaring that price-cutting. under the
circumstances 1 have mentioned. is un-
fair competition: an injury TO the
small retailer. whose trade is taken
away from him. And. third, by leaving
the question to business men them
selves that they may work up an ethical
sentiment against the practice.
The subject is unique, but not %
generally important as it seems. I have
named what we think are the big ques-
lions of the day. There is one other
the building of an adequate merchants
marine.
Business men. regardless of their geo.
graphical locations. have said, through
a referendum. that they are against
government owned and operated ships
but are In favor. IL it be necessary. OF
giving government help to ships
privately owned. I do not know what
the people think about the matter. The
attitude of business men. however. is
clear"
Copyright 1915, by James B. Morrow)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-16

be kept up in fair condition an6
marked were nowhere attended to
There is a record that the council OF
the governor in 1850 appointed the at
torney general to inquire into the ad.
ministration of the road laws and that
the council made this complaint: 1T
appears to this board that in the sew
eral counties of this province the pub
cleared and well grubbed fit for travel
ing, neither are they twenty feet wide
nor marked agreeable to the act of the
assembly"
There is a good deal of interesting
literature on the roads of colonial
Maryland. DR.. Clarence p. Gould, in his
Money and Transportation in Mary
land-1720-1765," which was published
as one of the Johns Hopkins University
studies in historical and political sci
ence, wrote:
while the roads in different sections
differed in the matter of rocks, hills
and streams, they were all alike in
being built and maintained in the
cheapest possible manner. Little more
was done in road construction than to
clear away the trees and underground.
and here and there, when the neces-
sity was great and the traffic warrant
ed, to build a bridge or causeway.
The small cost of roads is best attested
by the willingness with which the peo-
pie undertook to construct new roads
or to change old ones"
Numerous of the olden records show
that road administration was not eff
cient. The law was that roads should
be cleared and well grubbed and should
be twenty feet wide, and that all dead
trees that might fall across them
should be removed, yet there can be
found numerous complaints in all the
Maryland county records that certain
public roads were allowed to grow up
in bushes, that they were miry, and
that they were stopped up by trees that
had fallen across them.
Great progress has been made in
building, improving and maintaining
roads. but the marking of them for the
benefit of strangers using them has
never been given much attention in
this part of the country, and in most
parts of the country no attention what
ever. The question of road marking is
being taken up in New England, and
particularly in Massachusetts,, but it
has been taken up several times before
without positive results. Last summer,
in Massachusetts. there were painted
upon posts situated ON the highways
all over the commonwealth a vast num-
Der of variegated colored bands which
are designed to indicate certain main
lines of travel. The idea was proba bly,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-16

=
Pork barrel legislation, as 1t is term
ed, would cease. Probable revenues
and estimated expenditures would be
considered together. The canons OF
business would not be violated and the
United States would be following the
custom of all other enlightened nations
In the meantime. to illustrate the
scope Of the work being done by the
National Chamber Of Commerce, a COM
mfttee of thoughtful, seasoned men is
looking into the proposal that employ
ment exchanges be established in many
parts of the country. This question is
fundamental both to business and to
labor.
There are periods when some regions
have an oversupply of labor and when
other regions cannot obtain the labor
they require. How can workers be so
distributed as to reduce the number
where they are not needed and to in
crease the number where they are
needed? 1t is big question. The sug-
gestion has been made that national
employment agencies be established in
all large industrial and agricultural
centers and that the expense of trans
porting seasonal and other workers be
met out of the public funds. But what
will be the outlay? And Is the suggest
ed plan the best? These and other
questions will be answered by our COM
mittee and the answers will be sent for
examination and debate to the 700 COM
mercial bodies Of the nation
"A committee is also at work on the
subject of the maintenance of retail
prices?'
THE United States Supreme Court"
Mr.. Goodwin replied. has decided that
the manufacturer of an identified prod
uct, having fixed the retail price, can
not enforce the price upon the dealer
who has made his purchases from a
wholesaler or middleman.
The price of a certain widely ad-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-16

F1HE active business men of the
United States have come out
into the streets from their fac
q tories, banks and stores. and if
they have not flung off their coats and
rolled up their sleeves have in other
suggestive ways indicated that they at
last mean to take some part in the pol
itics and legislation of the country.
Driving men of businessmen in the
narrow meaning. with rich and power
full groups here and there making this
and selling that. but in a nation wide
sense-were never so united as a class
and never more determined to be heard
than is the case at present.
Three hundred thousand of them, be-
longing to 700 organizations. are to
meet by proxy in Washington on the
Sth of February. Every state will
send delegates. The voice of the con-
vention will also speak for the Philip
pines. Hawaii. Porto Rico, Alaska and
the American chambers of commerce in
Paris, Berlin, Milan and Constantinople.
There will be speeches and resolu-
tiOnS, no uOuDt. as Always happens at
meetings and conventions, but at bot
tom a desire for action will have
brought the delegates together. Bust
ness men pay taxes. Heretofore they
have paid and said nothing. Hereafter
while they pay they purpose to give
expression to their opinions and to
watch revenues and expenditures.
In the past. business sentiment was
no more than guessable quantity.
Now, by the agency of tie Chamber of
Commerce of the United States, it can
be measured mathematically. On great
national questions it is SO decisive Or
dinarily. so overwhelming one way
the other. that il should end all uflcer-
tainty, as to the ground on which bust
ness stands. in the minds of the poll
ticians and the people.
Young men of business. and old ones,
too. in every city are now debating the
public interest among themselves. They
are the managers of the mills, fac
tories. mines. furnaces. banks and mer-
camille establishments of the nation.
The organ of their opinions is the
Chamber of Commerce of the United
States. within which are federated all
OF the important commercial bodies of
the country.
Elliot VI. Goodwin. born at Cambridge
forty-two years of age, tall and almost
spectacularly muscular. graduate of
Harvard to whom the University of Leip-
zig gave the degree of doctor of philoS-
ophy. club member and reformer,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-16

ness men who did wrong things OF
had them done were but a small frac-
There were enough of them, however
to place all business under suspicion
The great mass Of business men were
attending to their own affairs and
that they didn't always vote, and thus
they neglected to fulfill their duties
as citizens.
at was the. big business man. as he
came to be known, who brought all
men of business into evil repute. He
was selfish and aggressive, and re-
est his laws at last wsre
planned loudly about the laws. but he
was the cause of their enactment.
"A reaction followed. We are living
in the days of that reaction at present.
The big business man: reformed by
statute, received new light. He per-
ceived that he had duty other than
holders and himself The public, by
drastic legislation and by essays. books
and editorials. was brought into his
thoughts and acts
THE pendulum, accordingly, has
swung back and the people are willing
to listen to the voice of business, but
the voice must be honest and patriotic
and the things it wants must be for the
benefit of all and not the few. Again
trusted by the public, restored, as I
think, to its ancient and honorable
estate. business. when it speaks. has
weight.
Labor has votes: agriculture has
votes. Business, numerically, is weak
at the polls. Business men in all COM
munities are far outnumbered by the
total of the other classes. For that
reason. II for no(other and no better.
business men must rely on the equity
of every cause they endeavor to ad-
vance. The facts and right must sit
with them at the table when they try
their case.
Once the people believe that men of
business are asking only for that which
Is just, there will be. little trouble in
getting it. That day Is here, we think
growth of the Chamber of Commerce of
the United States and its charging in
fuence. Presidents hear 1t. Congress
needs it's voice; Tremendous questions
dimly seen in the future. Business
men, putting politics aside. thinking
only Of their country. are studying
these questions in 700 trade bodies
we believe, will be of immense help to
our public men In shaping the laws
and policies of the nation.
Subjects are submitted to chambers
VI commerce Dy the process OF inc
referendum. The national organization
takes no action itself; it sends the
questions out. along with the reports
of the committees which have studied
the subJects-and there are often ma
jority and minority reports-and the
various chambers, after Inquiries and
discussions, transmit their decisions to
Washington.
''On all of the most important ques-
lions of the day the business men of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-16

the author of pamphlets and essays on
civil subjects. an occasional lecturer and
man of force, foresight and magma
ton is the S. Of ,a the soston a
Usher. is president.
The chairman of the executive commit
tee is Robert G. Rhett, a Charleston
banker. who graduated at the University
of Virginia, practiced law for fifteen years
in South Carolina, and was mayor Of his
city for several terms. If custom is fol-
lowed. Mr.. Rhett will be elected presi-
dent at the February convention.
The twenty-five directors live In cities
across and up and down the continent.
They are manufacturers. bankers and
merchants. Some are college men. others
are not. All, of course. have made
financial Roadway In the world.
Back of them. driving the wheels and
selling the products of the country, are
the owners and managers of all the large
industrial. commercial and financial en-
terprises in the United States hundreds
of whom. Mr. Fahey says. ARE now giving
never before in our history to public
spirited, broad-minded consideration Of
the many great questions which can
never be settled to the best advantage of
all our people without such service on the
part of business men"
Agriculture and labor have long been
organized, Mr.. Fahey argues. Both in
terests are centered in Washington So
Mr.. Goodwin and his staff of experts,
writer's. stenographers and clerks, filling
A dozen rooms In a large office building
are also located at the capital of the
country
But there has been no lobbying" Mr.
Goodwin said, NOR will there be any All
of our cards are on the table, faces up
No measure will be suggested, no act will
be done that can in any degree be hurt
full to other interests
The Chamber Of Commerce Of the
United States he continued, concerns
itself only with questions which underlie
business 1t doesn't meddle for example,
with freight rates price schedules
suppose that all men engaged I'm bust
ness would like to see our railways and
other transportation agencies make
money The chamber of commerce
shares that wish, but it cannot do more
than to help bring about conditions adj
Vantageous to railways and steamships
keeping in mind all the while, of course.
the public interest
I'VE have not attempted secretly.
Selfshly or unfairly to influence leg
station During the administration of
President Roosevelt 1t was felt that
the chief officers of the government
should have the means of learning the
opinions of business men on big, vital
questions.
There were chambers of commerce
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-16

vertised article, to take a case in point
Is IS to the user. Large retail dealers
have cut the price in order to attract
customers to their stores in the hope
they will buy other things along with
the advertised articles.
Tho Supreme Court in it's decision
gives the retailer this right, though
the manufacturer of the article has
spent thousands of dollars in Identify
ing his product and In telling the pub
lie that 1t is sold everywhere at the
same price. Brands of food. medicines,
watches and so on were affected by the
findings of the court.
Three ways of meeting the case have
been mentioned. First, by the enact
ment of law giving the maker of an
Unidentified product the right to fix its
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-16

influential in the directions you have
named than they should have been.
They did things which were not right.
The day came, therefore, when, if a
business man arose to address his fell
low citizens or committee of his
legislature g. committee, he was sup
posed to have a secret ak which he
was planning to grind at the public
expense.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-16

= APITAL to Be Host of the Greatest
~ Meeting of Its Kind Ever Held in the
United States-Members of 700 Com
mercial Bodies Will Send Delegates to
Convene February Big Questions Now
Being Considered Are Explained by Elliot
H. Goodwin, Who Is the Active Manager
of National Chamber of Commerce.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-16

THE Men of Business Have Come Into
the Streets From Their Factories,
Banks and Stores and, if They Have Not
Flung Off Their Goats and Rolled Up Their
Sleeves, Have Made 1t Clear That They
Mean Hereafter to Take Part in the Politics
and Legislation of the Country-Every
State in the Union to Send Delegates.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-16

send theIr CONCLUSIONS and suggeStfons
to what can be called their clearing
house in Washington. Thence the con-
illusions and suggestions go to Con-
gross and the country"
why have business men been so
utterly without influence in politics,
state legislatures and Congress"" Mr..
Goodwin was asked.
There was a time" Mr. Goodwin
answered, when certain types of bust
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-01-16
$4,000 Business Men RepresentedinBig Convention

would be before Congress in their en-
tirety and not separately.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-08-05
Fail to Return from Raid
ing Trip to Enemy's
Coast.
AERIAL SQUADRON
BOMBARDS ISTRIA
Austrians Wing One Machine
italians Advance in the
Piave Valley.

Paris, Aug. 4.-The repulse Of Aus
trian attacks along the whole front
and the advance of Italian forces tow
ard Monte Cavallno. in the upper Piave
Valley, are recorded in to-day's official
Italian statement.
Rome also announced the loss of two
Italian submarines. The statement
says that the undersea craft left with
others on a mission to the enemy coast
long time ago. AS they have failed
to return to their base they are con-
sidered lost"
A Vienna dispatch of August 3 re-
ported the capture of the Italian sub
marine Giacinto Pulino by the Aus
trans in the North Adratic. II was
stated that the submarine, which was
one of the largest owned by Italy, was
almost unchanged and her crew taken
prisoner.
An air raid on Istria by a squadron
of fourteen Italian machines, on Au-
gust /, is reported to-day by the Aus
tro-Hungarian Admiralty. One ma
chine was brought down by an Aus
trian aviator.
The Italian War Office report of Au-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-08-05
u.B0AT SUNK IN FIGET
WITH BRITISH SHIP
Freighter Escapes After Being
Hit by Torpedo.

Baltimore, Aug. captain Iavid
Thomson. master Of the British STAN
Ihip Strathness, which arrived herr to-
tsy from Mediterranean ports, toh Of
an engagement which he declared his
vessel had with a German submarine
O. July IS, in which the subnersible
was sunk
Two gunners from the British navy,
Who we're in charge of six-poind gun
mounted on the after deck Of the
Sirathness for defence purpos,s, sank
ne submarine, according 10 Captain
Thomson, when a ball struck Z amid
mlps, causing an explosion. lie said
ne underwater boat dived suddenly
ind was not seen again.
While the Strathness was strick sew
srsl times once, according TO Captain
thomson, by torpedo-no great dam
ige was done. and the freigfter es-
taped with several dented plGes and
Portions Of her superstructure demol-
nhed.
=. The submarine attacked us in the
Meciterranesn, near Algiers, en- July
10 said the captain. 1T was about 6
o'clock in the afternoon when the
SIaihness was shaken by the impact
q a ball striking her amidshp near
NE water line. IL was the fist init
patton We had Of the underwater craft.
" an instant our two gunn,rs had
msir piece trained on the submarine
shc began firing. l ordered ful speed
shead' but the submarine kept up wits
Us, firing rapidly.
d, After about an hours run shell
nom our six-pounder struck me sub
nafine near the coming tower. An
explosion followed, and, with her gun
WI on deck and the hatch pen, the
submarine dived suddenly"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-08-05
Casualty List Grows
Among British Officers

London, July 24.-Oficers' casualty
lists for two weeks from July l 10
Is show the severity of the fighting
since the offensive began on the West
ern front, the British army in the fort
night losing $50 officers killed, l,To4
wounded and 290 missing-a total OF
1884. This makes total loss OF
British officers since the beginning OF
the war. 9,577 killed, 20,220 wounded,
2,261 missing. a total of 32,O5S. ,
The percentage Of killed to wounded
is smaller during the fortnight at
TO 8. against TO 2 previously.
Heis are the regiments which have
suffered heavily during the two weeks:
Yorkshires, 40 killed, l20 wounded,
10 missing; Northumberland, "a
killed. l26 wounded, 10 missing; Lon
dons. 81 killed, 70 wounded, 81 miss
ing; Lancashires. % killed. &c wound
ed. q missing; Irish Rifles, 25 killed,
so wounded, 25 missing; Field Artil-
lery, % killed, rs wounded. missing;
Manufactures. "a killed, 81 wounded,
l missing; Canadians, "a killed. AZ
wounded; Manchesters, "a killed, 40
wounded, and the Staffordshires, II
killed, AZ wounded, Is missing.
Several other units lost over nifty
officers. Among the officers of high
rank, Brigadier General Prowse died,
two other brigadier general Is were
wounded. and one colonel and twelve
lieutenant colonies were killed.
In the last two weeks Of July the
British army lost 4,450 officers in
killed. wounded and missing. This
brought the total for the month up TO
7.OsA and the grand total since the
outbreak of the war 70 36,5OS.