davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Nome daily nugget., 1916-03-09

iiib was SioHi1 AiAAiiiS' IN itAi is now reported to have been cleared of ice and water with the aid of pumps and all leaks have )een plugged.
 No arrangements have yet been made as to the disposal of the
 emains of Ching Heng, who lost his life in the Solomon section. 1t is said that the deceased leaves
 everal relatives who are sup posed to be living in Frisco and t is also reported that he leaves wife and family in Montana. Telegrams have been sent to San francisco asking for instructions put no answer has so far been received.
 MT. Keenan of the Bangor creek dredge is visitor in the city. He states that it is the in- tention of the owners of the dredge to lengthen the bucker .ine by the addition of a number of buckets. The change will add considerably to the working ca pacity of the machine, which has already gained an enviable record for steady and economical opera ton. Mir. keen.n will employ a crew of about four men at the work of changing the bucket line. Operations will probably com .nence in couple of weeks.
 Sam Cunningham writes from Seattle that he has been to Kan sas city and is having all kinds Of fun on the big outside for the irst time in fifteen years. Says that at the time of writing, Jan uary 8, most all of the Alaskans lad departed from Seattle for sunnier climes and there were not many to be seen about the streets. he saloons are now open on sun- lays, he says, and this makes it inc as there is thus always some where to go to. Most of the .Ilaces are selling soft drinks and -lgars and pool and card tables 4.e much in evidence.
 The Perils of Pauline filled the Dream theater to capacity last light. Tonight the tenth episode he keystone or middle act of the .ntire serial, will be shown. One of the big scenes tonight shows Pauline kidnapped by a band ot 5mugglers and her sensational es- -ape. Suspended in midair she is borne along for hundersd of feet between sea and sky with the smugglers in pursuit. All in full view of the audience. This IS only one of the many thrilling scenes tonight. A realistic mod ern sensation. Tomorrow night, "A Leech of Industry" a three reel feature, a new subject and a pronounced attraction.
 Elmer Adams suffered a decid- ed defeat in his match with Allan at the Board of Trade last eve ming, the former winning out by score of Ioo to 332. Adams played strong game throughout but was not equal to the task of over coming the 2Io joints con- ceded to his opponent. The game went Ios innings and the aver ages of the winner and loser were I.8o and 3.Io respectively. Bach, elder and Pangman also played a game at no to 100. The former won, no to 88 in 8 innings. A match in the A class is scheduled for this evening. The contestants will be Bruner and Johnson and the odds will be I8o to 2Io in favor of the former. K;ttelson will also play with Meuller I1s to 100.
 Alex Holmson, who arrived from Solomon yesterday after noon with the body of Ching Hen9. declares that the opinion
The Nome daily nugget., 1916-03-09

The Wonder Creek dredge. which was reported in a precar- ious condition some time back, is now placed in good shape lgain. The dredge was for a time resting partly on the ground with one edge hanging in deep water and was slowly filling. The hull is now reported to have been cleared of ice and water with the aid of pumps and all leaks have )een plugged.
The Nome daily nugget., 1916-03-09

Henry Burgh is holding Gun ner Kassen at Solomon to bring to Nome Messrs. Langworthy and Barbour, the two musicians who will complete the big orch estra which will dispense the music at the orchestral ball Sat urday evening.
The Nome daily nugget., 1916-03-09

A big six reel show will be on the bill at Eagle hall tonight and Friday night. A circus picture for the kids heading the program. The thousand feet of film display ing the wonderful skill with pistol and rifle by MT. and Mrs. Topper vein, will be of interest to all those who delight in this kind ol sport. The craftsmanship of these two people is simply mar vicious, while the views of the
 great Winchester Arms Company plant at New Haven, Conn, is both instructive and entertaining. The classy photoplay Hearts
 and Flowers" featuring J. War rem Kerrigan and Edith Bostwick is one of the best single reelers ever seen in Nome. Miss Bertha Johnson will play violin selec- tions throughout the evening. The management of the Eagle movies are endeavoring to make these shows attractive to the Nome public and some banner pro- grams are to be shown during the balance of the season. The ad- mission of twenty five cents will be the charge. The first show at 1 Z D. III. and last show at O n m
The Nome daily nugget., 1916-03-09

III the Hunter nall ana cOnSum- mated various business including the work of taking into the folo all who were willing to sign up to support tie cause. It is un. derstood that quite a number took advantage of the opportuni- t, to align themselves with the s;slwarts.
 Word from the Hot Springs to- day says Frank Kiesele has be- come so charmed with the de- lights of bathing in the warm and seductive waters that he will de- fer his return until the I4th, at which time Mayor Diamond will return. Watson will pilot the pair back to their own fire sides, ac- cording to the calculated schedule.
 Report has it that the pay re- gently discovered by Al Jorgen- sen in the Dexter section is of considerably greater value than the first indications would sug gest. Pans running as high as four and five dollars are said to have been found and indications point to the pay body being ex- tensive. Maus and Liston are also said to have some very valua- ble ground on the adjoining claim and are reported to have found pans running as high as fifteen dollars. A report has also been circulated that good pay has been located on the Gambrinus but inquiry indicates that good prospects have been found but nothing is known as to the ex- tent of the pay body. The owners CTS say that strike announce ment is premature, to say the 1aoct
The Nome daily nugget., 1916-03-09

Alex Holmson, who arrived from Solomon yesterday after noon with the body of Ching Heng. declares that the opiuioa
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1916-02-16
. BAD BREATH
DR.. Edwards Olive Tablets Ger
at the Cause and Remove II

DR.. Edwards olive Tablets he satstll, ..''l,
sufe for calomel, act gently on tile
and positively do the work. n .,l
peop,e afflicted with bad prev. a5I..s
cuick relief through nr hdMaina h
Tablets. The pleasant. susal go n.y.,
let's are taken for bad hrcah ps an
know them. t ..,rtfv
nr Edwards Olive Tablets aet ss.l's .','..
INIT flrmtv on the bowels ana litel, ~,
hating them 10 natural action 'e.i .3 ,,.
blood and gently purifyins 'Ne .h'''N
tenn ....,,,,. ralo-
mel does without any Of the h"o "''''
effects. g.. t.sIu.-.
,-rininc cathartics are derived livu
Edwards Olive Tablets without
main or disagreoahlc eftcDis " any NN
pr. L. NJ. Edwards diseo'eieI ,.e .'.
-nula after seventeen years oi ANA
among patlents afflicted with h.N'i
liver complaint with the H''enN""e ''4
breath u,,- r.,a.ts anna, rnrrly
n veeetable compound mixed with 'NFs "A
Won Will know them hy Their NaN'
TAKE ono or two every mti'
veek and note the effect le' Ai' 20. W.
box. All druggists ,,at.....t,,,, "a
The Olive Tablet COMPANY, SoluHNN1'' y
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1916-02-16

state supt r. II Wilson has writ
ten Cii4 supt Scott relative to high
school matters In part he SAYS:
= want to thank sou for the clear
and concise way in which You put
,our propositions before the people
there last night and wish you would
take Gn'c to have a full cop, of those
figures made and tabulated Just as
Won showed them there last cycnins,
ID viii be- worth something to me an
vn cnable me 20 help YOU
N, Judgment Is that YOU have a
aaod school a splendid high school.
And the next time that high school
bod, assemblies. ] want you to state
10 them lor me that never enjoyed
dat more in my life than ! did my
dan in the Guthrie high school Give
M regards to Your teachers and ~
Miss )ooiiltle Tell Your training
class that am much pleased with
what they are dcing and | am cN
nectiug great results from them when
tfcy finish You may tell your board
81 education and the citizens thai
your school will be approved as
normal training high school when al
q. the conditions required by th'
university and the north central asso
citation have hccn met ! let then
pass on the equipment pass on tn
work of the students The students
arc all right and am sure your boaF'
Wil meet all OF the conditions neces
stry for the approval Of this schoo
before the close of the year Your
sincerely. r. II. Wilson.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1916-02-16
Local Moment

Tho Ruckcr store viii prove 'he
hest store Guthrie ever had
These are DAYS when no man ran
sound public opinion unless he can
whod, It up
A great uan is one who delight to
tell others how to do the rest ana
then takes the profits
In the southeastern pari OF 'he
state cotton buyers are taying II -
cents the pound for the lint
Airs. J. NJ Buras. wife of the ras-
Tor Of the Christian church at Ara'
more has been ordained as minister
Arthur James Weir o, llueo is ta'
new Grand master Of Masonic lodge
of the state The next meeting VII
be held in Oklahoma City
An cffori will he made by h@
county farmers to makc the task o
oa.,pr uecans more pleasant Ny so''
ening the shells The so'i sheh N''
re grated on the seedlings.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1916-02-16

There 10 more Catarrh IN tnia section OF
rho country than all other diseases put
td-ethcr's until tho last tcw yrs
was supposed 70 b. incurable. %, a Sai Sieaii
many Vcars doctors pronounced " l"sa,
iisc9se I., and prescribed local remedies, and
,rgeotmcnt. pronounccd It incuraole. ssci-
ence has proven catsrrh to be a .....i, con,',
lntional disease, and thers i9Ie tcai.u,..-i'
cure. Manufactured by T. }. Cheney q
,ional Hon cure On tic market. II is taRon IN
formally in doses from j.. drops 70 a
.roonfnl IL acts directly on the blood
sr,1 ,n,i@otis surfaces of the systcm. They
orfnr 's' one one hundred dollars for an cas-, II
sstfs N curo. send for circulars and tes-
llmonllls. -. .
Aadrcsa. T. ! CHENEY CO.. Toledo u
Sold Nv DRUGGISTS. nc.
Take Halls Family Pills for constipation a.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1916-02-16

piveu mu.h thorough rehearsing by
prof Ryan and his orchestra. The
m,mhers Of the orchestra are enter
i,o h.fo the work with much zeal and
interest and this spirit has now been
ranehi up by the general public and
th event promises 10 attract a large
.,a..n.f Tho assisting professional
o,.,nrs Who Just recently ioined TO-
.he nhearsals have spoken IA praise
n ihc work That has beeT aocomp-
nshsd and prophesy The coming con
ccr vH hc d success
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1916-02-16
RECORD Of THE PAST
No Stronger Evidence Can Be Had II
Guthrie

Look vcll 10 their record What
the, have done many times in ycas
gone bg Is the best guarantee Of ~
ture results. Anyone With bad back;
any reader scattering from urinary
troubles. from kidney ills should fine
comforting words in the following
statement.
i sturgeon. 1912 West cleyelant
Ave. Guthrie. SAYS Ms bach
achod and sometimes was hardly
able 10 walk home from work. Tho
muscles OF my loins scercd to con
tract and whenever J stopped. knife
like pains darlcd through my kid'
ucts. The kidney sccretions 9cr'
scant, ana painful 20 passage an'
troubled me at night Seeing poan 3
Kidney pills endorsed in our lo'a
papers got box from the Corner
pharmacY The first few doses help
cd np and 10 WAS not LONG before th'
! irnuh'us lpft
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1916-02-16

quiry Ia regard to Summit View
cemetery as follows The transfer
OF the title and control was conveyed
b4 decd and bin Of sale. about the
last OF Noyem cr lal5 70 the c'ty oil
Guthrie
The property conveyed 20 t.e clA
included the unsod portion of lheI
forty acre tract embraced in the re-
corded plat showing thirtysiN blocks
aud 3los lots l7li lots had been
sold im to The alth of August lcay
ing 1859 for transfer 10 the city The
sale included all outstanding accounts
for lots sold ana intcrmenis made
books of record and of account all
toes and implements used in con.
du;ting the business, torciher with
several hundred dollars cash ac umu-
lated In the hands Of the trustee
The appraised value was less tHaI
S2SO0 dollars. which Is 10 nc paid IN
quarterly installments of forty pei
cent of the amount received by the
city from the sale of lots and inter
mcnis. The citg retains sixty rcl
cent for maintenance fund for up
keep and improvements No bond'
are to Ae issued. nor are any Of The
city funds to be drawn upon When
he forty per cent installments amount
10 the appraised value, the total o
the RECEIPTS goes TO the city The
pikard ease was dismissed B.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1916-02-16
cni thls nnt--lt is worth Money

DON'T Mss THIS Cut out this
slip. enclose with Sc TO Foley & Co.,
chicaeo. ILL.,. writing gor name and
address clearly You wlll receive in
return q trial package containing Fol
ey's Honey and Tar Compound. for
lagrippe coughs. colds and Group, Fol-
ey Kidney Pills. and Foley Cathartic
Tablets Sold everywhere
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1916-02-16

Several 80 mc leading pure bred
na aara men Of the county held a
eonierorc wHh Secretary Wennef.
r,a Chamber ol Commerce today
rolimnar, to completing plans iof
p.o asanfzat.on OF d county Improved
l.,e S,nek breeders Association
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1916-02-16
cireums,aotial Evidence.


Mrs Meyer was composed when
u.r verdict was announced 4 was
reported that only two ballots ~ere
teken by the jury Mrs Never Is inc
sceoud member Of her immediate fam
i. 10 hc convicted Tn connection with
the murder of the younger Mrs Mef-
az The other was Fred Meyer. her
son. and the husband Of the murder
ga woman. lie also was convicted Of
second degree murder HE was sem
fenced to fifteen years IN the poni-
tontiar, but is out on bond, pending
aa appeal
Mrs. Ethel Mover Was found dead
ia her home near here on Inl5 20
fal5 A bullet wound was Ia her
head and revolver lay at her feet
Nrs. ida Never and her son charged
ltlat the young bride of hut ieN
lmonihs had committed suicide How
ever the state presented witnesses
to testify that the revolver fount
rear the body was different callhe
from that which fircd the fatal shot
All the evidence against both Mrs
Never and her son was circumsian
tial.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1916-02-16
A GE D " O N A n
FOUND GUILTY BY
JURY Of MURDER
NERDItTI\ SECOND DEGREE
FOR Mrs. MENi.R WHO MD
III N Si.tNING Iiiu.

Wiuteret. Ia. Feb i6 An a-recd
Nrs OF only eleven men late today
returned a verdict Of second degree
srrder AGAINST Mrs lla Never aged
Go. wealthy widow vino has been
oa trial charged Nith completely IN
tc murder OF her daaghterin4a"'
Mrs Ethel Meyer last July
1t was announced that Mrs Never
probably viii be sentenced late this
or early next week.
She Was released ON bond of $50
MN
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1916-02-16
g0lEY EAlDNEy PILLS
y - L. L III L.l. II 4 u q

The lamont cheese fartnr7 81 'sen
closed down temporarl+ on ac'm
of thc bad condition Of Tie eoun'rt
roads. preventive farers from bring
ing their cream and milb to market
Another reason why excise boards
should not be stiney in road levy
matters
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1916-02-16

To the Grand Army Post ana ~
orxiliarv The Womans Relief Corps
and 10 our good kind uoiehoors Nno
90 lovally stood by as in our great
sorrow as ao passed down 'he 'a'l'S
and shadow We desire 20 otter graf
ml thanks. and in their trying hour
may they also be comtorled by lh'
One who was too wise % err ana 700
,ooa ia be unkind Mother Slanl y
and Children.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1916-02-16
Lasting Benefit

over ioBf wears later Mr sturgeon
said "Doans Kidney Pills gave me-
sueh great relief that ! haven't had TO
use them since
Price soc. al an dealers Don I
siaph ask Tor a kidney remedy get
DoW Kidney PINS the same that
Mr. Sturgeon has twice publicly rec
commended. FohcntNilburn CO,
Props Buffalo. y. Y.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1916-02-16

+ 4 preyD Bedford, Ind writes
aA8 attack ~ laerinpo lett me with a
seecrc eoneh J tried evorythins |
,ot so iain 10 looked us 20 never
wonll ret ven. Finally, two bottles
,f role,s Honey aud Tar cured me.
an nov sen ana back 70 my norm
al Ureht 4 reliable remedy Tor
'.,.t. colds. Group sold every
whore
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1916-02-16
axAS = = = x 4
TOPICS OF THE
TOWN AND s1ATE. q
xggxxm mSzSz =
r.asra,inn IN session.

The officers OF the state Federation
of Women's clubs win be in session
at the Lee.Huckius. Oklahoma 'E'
today Mrs F. S Lowiher. parlianeh
tartan Of The first district ls ih ~
tendance
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1916-02-16

Or p. Payne. his wife his daughter
. YEAR old and son G years ED we're
fired won from ambush yesterday
~ unknown parties Mrs. PAYNE was
fatally injured and an were hif hy
the shots The affair is a IA s.ery
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1916-02-16

Fannie wennor Meets Win Mlshap.
ran0lo Wonuon the ten year old
asoeHer ol Mr. and Airs Fred T.
Wnrer ten while at play last even
me and fractured both bones ln her
uehl iOlcMm
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1916-02-16

Guthrie flour from the Gresham
mills not only goes TO an nar.s Of the
tinted States and Canada but to
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1916-02-16

Death inlertered in murder trial
al Crowder last nieht when the grim
reapcr called W + Kelly former
postmaster. who was Oh trial charg-
ed with Staying James Bates former
city marshal
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1916-02-16
Symphony concer, Si'rs
Much Interest

The program for lhc symphony con.
cert 10 be given Feb 25. is heinr
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1916-02-16
fulpy s'kTHAHrlC Ihs. : $

II will not do much good To inVes'
tp,ate and settle questions. SO far
as many coneeited mortals are con
eerned because they viii never be
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1916-02-16

Ttere are some Who nos rca7oa
thus: All tie money ltloass % the
government. and, as Is oHr govern
ment it is our money therefore we
have rieht to take e away from the
saamrs who nov have IT,
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1916-02-16
.......-+ ..s..' ~. s. y n y - y :.
COMMUNICATIONS. N
ywnw mgKE EH " VI

frhe Leader Is not Responsible Tor COW
trihn.ions appearing under ms ne"n
,.,nomotis Communications VIII not pe
,n'.l Ihe real name OF the con
NUT Doe given
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1916-02-16
yHAxx RKSS u a . u y
e PERSONAL AND LOCAL u
gy ggxs ax aaxm S u 3

Mrs. George Green was here from
Oklahoma CITY yesterday to spend
the day with Mrs. Fred cronk.
Mrs. !. p. Barton returned home 10
Gnvmon this morning after a visit
with her brother. A. Y. McWethy.
VILLA NJ, Goldrick was here from
prumrirht spending last week end
with home folks.
John pecock Is here from Tulsa
looking after lease interests. q.
Have The Leader Delivered. i5c ma
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1916-02-16

Tie Cemetery Situation.
rlitor l.cudpr We answer ihe in-
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1916-02-16

4 have not reaiel my oal1homa
avenue building 70 s. u Bunis,
said Felix Adler today "Mr Bunis
wants the building. hm : viii not
rent it to him now under The eircum.
sances. Re added
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1916-02-16

Have The Leader Delivered. isc M
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1916-02-16

yo.,,,, democrats throughout the
New-York tribune., 1916-07-02

HOT WATER QUICKLY AND n
ABB NDANCE The Holyoke Gas Tank
Water Heater made by the Holyoke
Heater Company Ilolyoke Mas. a. iis
name implies uses ga~ a. the heating
fuel II Is assembled In one unit and i
simple 10 connect 90 the boiler or tank
Of the ordinary circulating water system
For testing the heater was connected 10
a thirty gallon tank and II showed high
efficiency IT. one test the contents
were heated 10 an average temperature
Of l73j + IN an hour and half
Or IN ten minutes fye gallons were
raised e. ljG 7 or zen gallons 10
100 + M twenty minutes With gas
at 81 per 600 cubic feet this heater
costs about five cents an hour 10 run
Only the hOuseWife Who has faced the
problem Of heating water In the DAYS
when furnace and range are both cold
can appreciate the Usefulness ~ this
quick acting contriyance II Is a life
saver Price. $40
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1916-02-15
MANAGER OF PENNEY
STORE RETURNS FROM
LONG BUSINESS TRIP


" b. Hicks manager Of the Albu-
auerquc store or J. c. Penney COM
uany, returned Yesterday from a bust
ness visit to the home quarters of the
company in Now York city
ON leaving this city several weeks
ago. Mr. Hicks went directly to Salt
Lake city Utah, where he attended
a meeting Of the l25 managers of the
Penney company stores. one hun
drod and twenty-five store will hc in
operation 10y March T. The entire
body, travelling on a special train, left
for St Louis Mo. the distributing
roint of the Penney company for the
western and southwestern Penney
stores
After Il few days in ST. l-onis the
managers lsft ON special train for
Now YORK. CITY. whore conferences
were held with the high officials of
the company and reports of the busi-
Mess snjoNedbv The vaiious store dur
ing the past two years, were made.
Mr. Hicks states the reports We're
very gratifying and all secm to point
to the tact thar all sections of the
United states arc enjoying immense
prosperity and THAT includes. cont
tiuued Mi Hicks. Albuquerque and
all Of New Mexico
Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926, 1916-02-15
HUNGARIAN FLAG
NOT |NsULTED BY
7 He AUSTR|ANS
Premier Of Empire Rebukes
Count karoIy for Suggest
Ing Wrong Treatment0f One
Branch Of Dual Kingdom

~ ao.rlaa Iooan.l sptel.l 1850 elrei


budapest tvia London, Feb. a.
1880 y. m.l Count Michael Kurolyi,
president Of the Hungarian indcpen-
dent party today in the diet inter-
pcllated thc government concerninr
g major having ordered a COMPANY
Of Iiungarians To remove The Hun
garian flag during a march
Count fisza. the Hungarian pre-
mier, in answering the Interpolation.
said the incident was explainahlc on
other grounds than had been descrb-
ed. There could he no talk of an
insult 10 the Hungarian flag, as the
Austro- Hungarian war minister had
by express order permitted the use
Of the flag By the army with. how
ever. the single prcviso that it must
not bc larger than the rceimontal
nag
The premier rebuked count Kara-
Isl for his insinuaton that the higher
military authorities were prcjudiced
against the Hungarian flag and read
letter from Field Marshal Arch
Duke Frederick. Communicated chief
of The Austrian army praising the
saci ificial spirit ana bravery of the
hungarian troops Count Tisza also
said that nc had lately had an op-
porlunity TO learn that Emperor
Francis Joseph was filled with joy
over the heroic deeds Of the Hungar-
Ian nation. but was sricVed when he
learned that certain msundcrstnd-
ings had arisen