davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-08-04
SOME CITIES BEHIND 1
Expenditures Made for Evening
Schools Vary Widely. 3A
Newark Heads List With 44.3 Cents
Per Capita While Baltimore 10
Last Among Big Cities.

Uncle Sam, in making an investiga-
ton Of evening-school expenditures Of
the q leading American cities, has
made some interesting discoveries.
Surprising differences In the amounts
spent by the various cities on night
schools are shown. .". ,'-.
The inquiry made by the bureau Of
education Is regarded as of special
Importance because of the fact that
evening schools offer almost the only
means Of combating illiteracy and In
ability to speak English among adult
aliens, two disabilities which are re-
garded as having reached disquieting
proportions in the United States.
Newark, N. j., the highest. city In
the list In per capita expenditure for
evening schools, reckoned on the basis
Of total population, spends over eleven
times as much as Baltimore. Newark's
expenditure is $4,000. or 44.3 cents
per capita, whereas Baltimore, with
$4,000 population, spends only $4,000
for evening schools, or 80 cents per
capita. 81 81.
Pittsburgh and Detroit, which are In
the same population group as Baltl-
more. spend 1875 cents and 11.9 cents,
respectively. Los Angeles and Buffalo,
each with about 100000 inhabitants,
spend respectively, 286 cents and PAP
cents, as contrasted with Cincinnati
and Milwaukee, also in the 100000
class, which spend S.8 cents and 81
cents, respectively. New York city,
first In point Of population, with $685.
600, and Kansas City, twenty-t1rst on
the population list with 2S4,OO0, both
occupy consecutive positions in the
schedule spending ia cents and 141
cents, respectively.
Boston and Philadelphia are consid-
erably below these figures with SO
cents and 7.3 cents expenditure per
capita, respectively, yet both of these
cities count their foreign-born by the
hundreds Of thousands and their nom
English-speaking Inhabitants by the
scores Of thousands.
Chicago and St. Louis spend like
amOunts-102 cents per capita-al-
though these cities differ widely in
population and in the character Of
their immigrant problems. Seattle and
Cleveland are far apart from almost
every point of view save per capita ex-
penditure on evening schools. Their
expenses on this account are 90 cents
and 90 cents, respectively. Minneapo-
lis spends 70 cents per capita, while
New Orleans and Jersey City are close
rivals, with 81 cents and 6 cents per
capita, respectively. Washington, with
its congressional appropriation Of $780,
600 per year, just escapes trailing
along at the end of the list. 1t ex-
ponds only Sc cents per capita on eve
ming schools.
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-08-04
DUMB BOY IS NOW NORMAL
His Vocal Organs Are Perfect and He
Must Learn to Talk 40
Baby Does.

Amigo, Wis.-Marvin Worden, who
has been unable to talk since he was
six years old because Of paralysis
Of the throat, now has normal vocal
organs, according to Mayo brothers,
Rochester, MINI.
They found 1t unnecessary to per
form an operation, as the growth that
was believed to have impeded his
speech Is external. His hearing is
perfect, but he must learn to talk
much as q baby does. Happiness
shone on Marvin's face when he
learned that there was nothing to pre-
vent him from learning to talk.
He graduated from the eighth grade
Of the school for the deaf here this
year, and an attempt will be made TO-
give him higher education. Marvin
was taken to Rochester through the
kindness of Mrs. Thomas Kavanaugh,
this city. Division Superintendent G.
j. Qpigley, Northwestern railway,
saw that the boy got transportation.
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-08-04
POULTRY FARMS IN PARKS
British Authorities Suggest Economic
Plan to Save Sum Of $4o,ooo,0oo
q Year.

London.-In the hope of educating
the public mind SO as to ultimately
save at least half Of the $4,000, 600
($4O,OOO,OOO) a year spent on foreign,
eggs before the war, London parks
may be thrown open for poultry breed.
ing. The scheme is receiving serious
consideration by the authorities be-
cause 1t Is one Of the latest wartime
economies suggested on large scale.
The promoters of the idea have
asked for part Of one park to start
with. The plan provides for site Of
about three acres and the provision of
accommodation for 600 hens. The lead
ing poultry breeders Of the country will
be invited to send six selected fowls
of the same breed and strain. Scien-
tiflc feeding tests are to be made.
All the eggs will 60 to the wounded
soldiers and prizes will be awarded to
the owners of the hens laying the
most eggs.
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-08-04

from veting and prevented Venizelos,
the popular idol, from taking the place
Of power which his natural majority
Of the electorate should give him. In
this way the Greek constitution was
defed by the king.
The entente powers could not stand
this long. They have forced Greece to
demobilize. With the soldiers voting,
Venizelos is almost certain to return
to power in the elections to be held
this summer. He desires that Greece
assist the entente.
Then Constant!ne's power vii! Ger
tainly be reduced to constitutional
limits and there Is fair prospect Of his
being driven from the throne alto
gether and probably one Of his sons
put In his place.
But should the hosts Of Germany
prevail over their foes, all this will be
changed. ''Tino," as the kaiser affec-
tionately refers to his brother-in-law.
will be able to impress those Prussian
methods, which in his speeches he con-
stantly sets before his soldiers as q
model, upon all classes Of his populas
ton, and the Athens parliament will
become a debating society, like the
German reichstag. =
Buffer Kingdom Of Poland.
If the Germans win the war they are
determined to set up some sort Of a
buffer KINGDOM of Poland. This will
include the Polish and probably the
Lithuanian sections of the Russian en-
pire, but it is improbable that Ger
many and Austria will carry self.ab-
negation so far as to add their own
shares in the three partitions Of the
unhappy nation to the new state.
Many candidates for the Polish throne
have been suggested. Perhaps the new
king will be Pole, but more likely
German or Austrian Of German blood.
If the allies win, Russia will frown
upon outside dictation of Polish at
fairs in the peace conference. She will
certainly take as big a share of Po-
land us she ever had and Is likely to
grab q little more. But economic re-
forms have been promised by Russian
leaders to the Poles and Russia, unless
the reactionaries again come into COM
plete control, is likely to grant them.
Sweden is anxious for the success
of Germany. Her neutrality has leaned
in favor of Russia's enemies. If Rus
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-08-04
Prince Alexander Of Serbia.

support Prince Miguel If he tries to
capture the crown worn by his grand
father.
The marriage of the prince to Miss
Stewart took place in Tulloch castle,
Scotland, September IL, 1909. II the
war ends with victory for Germany
and Austria there Is strong probable
ity that the American heiress may be-
come queen Of Portugal.
The extinct throne Of the now re-
publican nation Of Portugal Is not the
only one whose possessions hinge d.
fectly on the outcome Of the great
war.
Besides the obvious possibility that
the victorious side may unseat some
or all Of their monarchical enemies,
the little nations of Europe have an
anxious eye on the war bulletins every
day, for their interests are directly A.
fected.
A. to Serbia.
The Germans and Austrians have
not decided just what they will do
with Serbia should they be able to re-
tain their Balkan conquests. Two
things are certain. First, Austria will
keep large section of the country
and Bulgaria another large slice. Sec
ond, no member Of the Karageorgevitch
family will be allowed to reign, unless
the entente allies win. Probably one
Of the host Of prolific German prince
lings will get the seat.
In Montenegro the situation is clear.
King Nicholas and Crown Prince Da-
milo have taken up their residence in
France. II the allies win they will re-
turn to their rocky eyrie. If they lose,
Prince, Mirko, the kings second son,
who Is now In Austria and hand and
glove with his fathers enemies, will
be installed at Cettinje.
In Greece, too, King Constantine's
tenure depends plainly on the great
battles now being fought in the East
and West. Greece could never have
gained or kept her independence from
Turkey without the aid Of Great Bri-
tain and France.
~ Constantine has German wife; in
deed, the queen is the kaiser's own SIS
ter. While basing his actions on patri-
otic motives. the kings course Of con-
duct has all along been marked by
hostility to the kaiser's enemies.
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-08-04
FOOD COSTS LOWER IN 1915
Uncle Sans Statistics Show Reduc-
ton Of One Per Cent From Prices
Of Previous Year.

The cost Of living hasn't been going
up SO fast, after all, according to Uncle
Sam. In fact the combined average
price Of II principal articles Of food
was 1 per cent lower In 1915 than In
1914, the bureau of labor statistics of
the department Of labor declares.
From 1914 to 1915 there was de-
cline in sirloin steak Of 1 per cent;
in round steak of 3 per cent; In rib
roast Of 2 per cent; in chuck roast of
5 per cent; in plate boiling beef OF
per cent; In pork chops Of 8 per cent;
in bacon of 2 per cent; in ham OF s
per cent; in lard of 6 per cent; in
hens of per cent; in eggs Of 4 per
cent; In butter of per cent; In milk
Of per cent; and in potatoes Of 10
per cent. Three articles advanced
in price from 1914 to 1915; -four ad-
vanced 20 per cent; cornmeal 3 per
cent; and sugar II per cent.
The lowest point during 1915 was
reached In March, when the price Of
food as whole was per cent be-
low the average Of the year. From
this point there was an upward trend
to the end Of the year, prices In De-
cember being 6 per cent above the
average of the year.
Information up to April, 1916, col
lected by the bureau from month to
month from the same sources and pub
lished in it's Monthly Review, shows
that the level reached in December,
1915, has been maintained, with slight
declines in February and March, fol-
lowed by a recovery II April.
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-08-04
PLANTING OF RI
ROSES
BY PRISCILLA PAkE.

Fall planting Of roses may be done
In the latter part Of October or early
In November, or even as late as the
middle of December, with excellent re-
suits.
Roses planted In the fall, however,
should be set deep and banked well
with earth just before the ground
freezes. 1t Is also well to cover the
soil about the plants with manure,
which should not be removed until the
middle of April, or until all danger
from severe frost Is over, whereupon
this dressing may be forked under.
When the rose plants are received
from the nurseryman they should be
unpacked as soon as they come to
hand. Thereupon the tops and roots
should be well sprinkled with water,
after which they should be covered
with bagging and placed in shaded
spot until ready to plant.
If the ground is not prepared when
the plants arrive, 1t Is advisable to put
them In shallow trench and cover the
roots with loose soil until the ground
can be put into a proper condition.
The enrichment of the soil, however,
should not only be made at the time Of
the preparation Of the bed before plant
ing, but in the spring Of every year,
for with such attention a bountiful
supply Of flowers may be expected
every season.
When planting, spread the roots out
carefully and do not cross them or
crowd them. They should be placed
well below the surface Of the soil and
arranged, as far as possible, In their
natural position.
When the roots are covered the
earth should be firmly pressed down
upon them, particularly around the
stem. If manure is put in the bottom
Of the hole 1t should not be allowed to
come in contact with the roots.
After planting, the roses should be
we'll cut back to few buds, freely wa
tered and protected for few days If
the sun Is strong. After that they will
have become thoroughly established.
If the ground is wet when the plants
are received 1t Is better to postpone
the planting, as the soil is liable to
become baked and the safety of the
plants may bejthus endangered.
During dry season the rose re-
quires plenty Of water, and frequently
soaking the bed with liquid manure
will be beneficial. The moisture may
also be conserved by abundant cultiva-
ton.
In the winter the roses should be
protected with good mulch, which is
best done by covering the roots in De-
cember with coarse litter, or leaves, to
about six inches in depth, or they may
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-08-04

scales fairly even and Queen Wilhel-
nina and King Alfonso are assured OF
their positions. unless the latter Is dis
turbed by internal revolution due to
the economic distress occasioned pri-
marily by the war.
Would Germany. victorious, return
his throne to Albert Of Belgium? Hard
ly. If she did, 1t would be shadow
Of his former busy little kingdom.
Germany would demand control Of the
port Of Antwerp. the annexation OF
territory on the east and the autonomy
Of the Flemlsh-speaking provinces. II
Germany Is defeated. Albert's domain
and prestige will likely be increased
over what thH were in that fatal July;
1914,
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-08-04
MANY THRONES
HANG ON ISSUE
OF GREAT war
Little Nations Of Europe Keep
Anxious Eye on Bulletins
From Front.
VICTOR MAY uNsEA1 ENEMIES
Fate Of Portugal, Montenegro, Serbia,
Greece, Poland and Other Nations
In the Balance-spain and
Holland Happily Situated.

Berlin Prince Miguel of Braganza,
duke of yizeu, the oldest son of the
Portuguese pretender Don Miguel, and
husband of the former Anita Stewart
of New York, has been appointed an
honorary first lieutenant Of the Ger
man army, with the uniform of the
Sixth Thueringen regiment Of Uhlans.
The prince is thirty Eight years old
and lives with his father in the castle
of Reichenau, Lower Austria. His ap-
pointment as German officer is an
interesting event, because Portugal is
at war with Germany. 1t may have
political significance.
Ex-King Manuel of Portugal, who
lives in England with his young Ger
man wife, is enthusiastically support
ing the allies in the hope that England
and France will place him on the
throne Of Portugal.
The central powers, Germany, Aus
tria and their allies, are expected to
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-08-04

STA and her allies win, the car will
laugh at Swedish claims that the
Aland islands, lying near Sweden in
the Baltic sea, may not stay fortified.
If Germany wins, Sweden will be suit
ably rewarded. 1t is not thought the
entente allies have any idea of unseat.
ing the reigning dynasty in Sweden.
Spain and Holland are happily situ-
ated in not having incurred the enmity
Of either Of the two powerful groups
locked in death struggle. In both coun'
tries partisans Of the two sides have
poured broadsides of ink on each 9th.
er, but the governments have held the
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-08-04
Soap Prevents Sore Feet.

That United States marines
suffer little from foot troubles
on long hikes in the tropics, Is
attributed to the fact that they
invariably sprinkle soft soap
powder into their shoes, or soap
their stockings just prior to the
march, according to a naval sur
geon recently returned from
Haiti.
In the Haitien campaign the
United States marines were some
times forced to march 80 or
more miles a day, over rough
mountainous roads, and the
cases Of bllstering, or painful
swelling of the feet were al
most negligible.
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-08-04
WOOD WASTE IS BEING USED
Lumbermen and Factory Managers
Take Advantage Of Exchange
Forest Service.

Uncle Sam finds that lumbermen
and woodworking factories are max
Ing extensive use of the wood waste
exchange conducted by the forest serv-
ice. Makers Of wooden novelties, 1t is
said, have been particularly success
full in finding supplies Of material
near their plants. Other woodwork
ing industries have been able to dis
pose Of their waste at higher prices
than they could otherwise have OBJ
tanned. Many of the firms were To-.
Gated within short distances of each
other, but until recently have had no
way of getting together.
The wood waste exchange was es-
tablished by the forest service in 1914
It consists of two lists of manufa G.
turers, which are sent out quarterly
to persons desiring them. One OF
these is Of Opportunities to Sell
Waste" and contains the names of
firms which use sawdust and small
pieces Of wood. This list Is sent to
plants having waste for sale. The
other is Of Opportunities to Buy
Waste" and give the names of con.
Germs which have waste to dispose of.
This list is sent to firms who wish
to buy materia!
There is no charge for the service
and any manufacturer who wishes to
have his name added to either list can
do so by writing to the Forest Service,
Washington, D. G. A list Of waste
problems which the exchange has
proved an effective means Of meeting
can also be obtained by anyone who
cares to ask for it.
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-08-04
Make Iodine From Seaweed.

The Russian government is prepar.
ing to utilize large quantities Of sea.
weed In the vicinity Of Vladivostok In
the manufacture Of iodine. The col.
onization department has set apart
$4,000 for an iodine factory which
is to be erected at once, according to
United States Consul John X. Cald.
well Of Vladivostok. "a (. sssss
Eight hundred boat have been Or>S
dered and peasants Will Sbe employed
10 gather the selweed with l0olG III
has been customary for the peAl MI
to gather tie seaweSd w tearing ~ upsl
by sEthe root \ Ut ~ NJ bsens tl.S1
ciareyi unprcsIut lys ands hSrmf Ulsa " II
ls, I m 1is " y d
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-08-04
THE WILD GRAPE Vine

To me the wild grape vine produces
the sweetest odor of any plant In ex-
istence. The wild grape Is ha1dE
vine. growing With ssareely any 1T. e.
tention.
It can be made to cover side fence
as dense hedge, or trained over trel-
lis or up shade trees. i
Young plants may be secured in al
most any wood or along bushy fence
rows. -
They are transplanted In late fall or
V. B.
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-08-04
SPOTTED GALA.

In the fall set the pot in FROST
proof cellar or room, and Withhold wa
ter from it until spring.
Then, when danger Of frost Is
passed, bed it out in a rather sunny
place, and mulch the soil about 1t on
the approach of hot weather with star
BILE litter.
Or, If preferred, repot, giving It a
larger pot and rich, porous soil.
In either case the plant will bloom
during the summer, E. V. B.
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-08-04
CLEMATIS A GOOD VINE

Clematis, panniculata, is one Of our
most popular vines. It seems entire
ly free from disease and is unusually
hardy. Its foliage is attractive and
its small white blossoms which COM
pletely cover the vine make a glorious
spectacle over porches and pergolas.
One of its chief attractions Is that
it does not come into bloom until
after all the other vines are faded and
yellow. It is rapid grower.
Clematis must be planted in soil
of good loan, well drained. Give it
protection OF, leaves in the winter. !,
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-08-04
oander Plays Part Of Housewife.

Brazil, Ind.-Hobart Brewer has
large gander that believes the duties
of the housewife should be shared.
When a goose was set on a number Of
eggs the gander made it evident that
he, too, wished to set. He was given
a nest and eggs. He stuck to his task
faithfully and was rewarded with
good hatch.
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-08-04
Too Expensive.

Two little sisters, who were taken
to see "Othello" were much impressed
by the death scene. II wonder If they
kill a lady every night?" said Lucy.
"Why, Of course not, Lucy" said her
sister; "they just pretend to. It
would be altogether too expensive to
really kill lady every night
Wasp.
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-08-04
Cotton Acreage Increased.

A considerably larger cotton crop
in the United States in 1915 than In
1915 is indicated by the estimate Of
the crop reporting board of the bureau
Of crop estimates Of the department
Of agriculture that the area ofscotton
In cultivation this year y abont 3d.
100000 acres. as compared with "a
s1O7, 900 acres II 1915. This II an IN
crease of 8.esz, 600 acres, "a y. n per
cent. III s5s
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-08-04
PAYS S1,10O for Bride.

Sacramento, Cal.-Rose Joe, the
seventeen-year-old daughter Of Chin
Joe, Chinese restaurant keeper of
Marysyille, CAL, and graduate of the
Marysville grammar school, was sold
by her father to Lee Dow, wealthy
San Francisco merchant, for $1,1O0
and became the bride Of the man she
had never seen before. The bride
groom Is twenty-five years older than
Rose Joe, who is pretty and q talent
ed pianist.
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-08-04
EASY TO GROW TuBER0sES

These handsome stalk flowers are
easily grown. Good rich soil Is neces-
sary. The flowers always sell read
lily and ship any distance without in
jury. Bulbs also sell well. Sort them
into three sizes and make the price
accordingly. Plant in sandy sob
about five inches deep.
A space In the backyard, a yard
wide and two yards long, will produce
q dozen fine stalks that will provide
hundreds Of flowers. !,
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-08-04
Left Cent to Each Of Her Heirs.

Left Cent to Each Of Her Heirs.
Wakefield, Mass.-The will of Anna
K. Gilman left to each Of her legal
heirs the sum of one cent. The wom-
an stated that the requests were
small because In a life Of so years
she had never received from any Of
them single kindness or courtesy.
The estate is to 60 into a trust fund
for charity.
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-08-04
Rich Languages.

In extent, the Spanish vocabulary is
far inferior to the English, though in
richness Of tone or expression the Span.
ish is ahead Of the English language.
Il IA claimed that the pure Oastilian
a the most musical Of languages. the
italian not excepted.
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-08-04
KITCHENER PREDICTED DEATH
Story Told In Paris Of How War
| Minister Said He Would
5s{ss Die at Sea. n

& Paris. When Lord Kitchener was In
France some months ago, visiting the
British front, he met his friend, the
naval Captain Testu de Balincourt.
then on service at Dunkirk, whom LORD
kitchener. asked to be his special aid
IL he should need one later during ne Y:
lWnr.
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-08-04
Gave Him an Anxious Moment.

Gave Him an ANXIOUS moneht.
He'll have been trying to tell
YOU something for some time, but-e1
but
She-Oh, dear me; how romantic.
What-what is 1t, Mr.. Shye1
He-Your-your-
She-Oh, do go on
He-Your hair is coming down In
the back.-Florida Times Union.
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-08-04

First he refused to come to the as
sistance Of Serbia, as he was bound to
90 by treaty. He allowed German
agitators full sway In his country. 81
Next, he mobilized his army, thus
kept the majority of the population
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-08-04
Merry MUSICIANS REWARDED
Two Played Mouth Organs On Para
pet Of Trench Under Heavy

London.-Playing tunes on mouth
organs under heavy fire figures in the
recent award Of two distinguished con-
duct medals.
The two men, Company Quartermas-
ter Sergeant E. s. Beech and Lance
Corporal Vickery of the Seventh bat
TALON, Seaforth Highlanders, climbed
on the parapet Of trench at a crih-
cal moment and steadied the men by
playing their mouth organs.
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-08-04

Wants 10000 for Loss 81 Voice.
Jersey City. lillian p. Sllvers
admits he II not a Caruso. but
5he values his voice at $20, 600 and
has sued i soap company Tor loss ~
speech due, he alleges ~ ths inhal-H
3ins 81 fumes.