davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-04-20

does not necessarily mean war WIZ IT,
low. They say that the action OF W
| limited States will constitute warhlns
to Germany and that she VIII DC NJ =
careful in the future. Against tuiS
stands the limitations from -
sources that with the desire 70 ma"
tain friendly relations with the Dhl'e1
states removed Germany Will prose-
cute her submarine warfare even moie
ruthlessly, and will soon pile up 50
many causes Of friction as TO mas
war certain. They also declare 'hat j"
the past the breaking of relations De.
tween nations has almost always pee"
followed By war. r.,v
;s ready 20 support the Presiden.
drastic threats against Germany wa
Frequently brought up in the discus.
sion which followed his speech. has
he will have the support OF cong Use
seems certain-too many melnpeit.
stilI are sore over the incipleht feNoi'
which was quelled in the armed sn,p
fght. But few believe that tne pieL
emit state of public opinion Is .'"
that the President can count on ~
"presidont Wilson for year and
half has been putting the damper on
ali nublic indignation against Germany
and ali natriotic feeling" said one
Dar,ocratic Senator, who has favored
stTorg nolicv. Now he turns
aronnd suddenly. approve the change
and wish 1t had not been necessary
Rut 7 do not believe the country can
follow. He ought to have done some
preparatory work first. ,-.a,,
One bodv of citizens has alreauy
heaTd from-the hyphenated
9ronr;can, food of kilograms be
Gan reaching Congress carry Quay
- ali parts Of the country, urging
n tho strongest terms that no action
no taken which might lead to a preaN'
N strongly affected many represent"
t;,,es INT the Presidents course had
left them nothing TO do:
Attached 70 the Presidents note as
an appendix are the facts IN the case
Of tho Sussex. These show that three
American army and navy officers fouhd
IN tho hull OF the destroyed ship not
o1iv screw-bolts which correspond IN
mo and identification marks WIN
those on German torpedoes IN posses
eiou of the French government at the
naval station at Toulon. but That me
Nr.orjcan officers actually found thlr-
ter pieces of metal which they nave
identified az parts of German torpe
does. Four Of them, steel parts OF
tho "warhead" Of the torpedo, stu
bear the distinctive red paint common
TO German "warheads.'
crowds surged. and they we're still beat
ing there after the President had mn
ished his message and had started back
70 the White House. -,
The Representatives had been as
cussing the agricultural appropriation
bin when. at 12:45, Majority Leader
kitchin asked for a recess OF ten MN
utes. and Speaker Clark requested the
members of the House who we're occu-
pying the three front rows OF benches
to clear them
AS soon as the Senators were seated
n Joint committee TO escort the Presl-
dent 10 the reading desk was named. IL
included Seators Kern, Galllnger'
Stone. James and Kenyon. and Repre-
sentatives Kitchin. Fitzgerald, flood;,
Mann and Cooper. The committee NED
ont to the Presidents room, and witnln
a minute or two returned, and after
escorting him TO the rostrum resumed
their seats.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-04-20
LINER ESCAPES U-B0AT
Steamship Americas Passengers Wear
Life Belts Four Days.

After successfully lodging German
submarine in a four days game Of
hide and seek in the Mediterranean
.ie Italian steamship America arrived
yesterday, with i'll cabin passengers
end LAO in the steerage. The cap
tain received four warnings from
patrol boats and shore stations OF a
U-boat that had almost torpedoed a
French ship in his vicinity. The news
leaked out on board and many of the
messengers wore life preserers until
the ship was well out 70 sea beyond
Gibraltar.
Andrea Fumo. who went to Italy
six months ago to find out for his
e.untrymen here Just what part Italy
is taking in the war, returned on the
America, with 1000 feet Of films show
ing Italian troops in action.
Fumo told how the army ofiicers
hive trained dogs to carry ammuni-
ton to the soldiers IN the trenches.
The smaller dogs, with light ammuni-
tioI.. respond 10 a whistle signal and
tie large dogs answer 10 bugle calls.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-04-20
No Dispatches or Com
ment on Relations with
America Published.
REITERATES SUSSEX
WAS NOT TORPEDOED
London Paper Sure Wilson and
Kaiser Have Both Counted
Cost of Breach

Berlin. April l9-The morning news
papers Of Berlin do not refer in any
manner TO relations with the United
States. Not a line of Geographic news
forecasting the American note or on
German-American relations has been
printed here since a brief bulletin OF
yesterday afternoon announcing that
the note was ready.
The German authorities, who have
had unfortunate experiences with un.
official forecasts and summaries OF
earlier notes. on which unfriendiy com
ment in Germany was based. have taken
measures TO insure that nothing snail
be published until the full and au-
theutic text OF the latest commuhlca-
ton from Washington is available.
The Foreign Office transmitted to
day TO the American Embassy a sup
Elementary note in regard to the Sus-
sex. containing afiidavits sworn to by
A Swiss pass niger on the Sussex that
the steamship was not torpedoed, and
also statement 20 the same effect
from an American passenger.
The Berlin correspondent of the
"Frankfurter Leltung, commenting on
the recent declaration of the British
government regarding the Sussex, says
il seems as if Sir Edward Grey was all
too anxious to rush to the assistance
OF the Washington Administration in
forming judgment on the Sussex
case. lie regrets. that the German
note on the Sussex sees TO have had
an unsatisf factory effect in the United
states. The correspondent. who IS in
the closest OF touch with the quarters
concerned closes with the following:
1T is plain for every German that
what the Foreign Office in Berlin stated
in the note. on the basis OF careful
investigation by the Admiralty Staff re-
gardng the sinking of the Sussex and
OF other ships. was under all circum-
stances the truth, and those who are
responsible for Germany's foreign pol
icy await the next American note with
confidence and further developments
with a clear conscience"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-04-20

German government. elaied by the sub
marine successes OF the past six weeks,
will accept President Wilson's terms
Diplomatic relations between Berlin
and Washington will be broken OF. The
resulting situation will not be state
Of war. but may easily develop into war
This is obvious to both parties MI
Wilson has counted the cost Presum..
ablv the Kaiser has also counted IT. II
Germany decides that the continuance
of summarizing is worth diplomatic
breach with America. il will p<oao!y
also decide that it is worth war, too.
"If the Kaiser desires 20 avoid war
with America, he would naturally make
his concessions at a stage when they
would also avert the breaking OF rela-
.fons"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-04-20
THROAT COMMANDER THAT SANK SUSSEX
DECORATED BY KAISER, SAYS PARIS

Paris April l9-Infomaon was received from reliable
sources to-day Emperor William has decorated the CON-
ander of the submarine said have topedoed the sussex
T. understood Washington has been informed Of this de-
velopment. -,
The award of a decoration to this commander would
make it difficult and perhaps impossible tor Germany 70
nunis him in case such demand made by the Aeri-
can government
The the commander and the number OF the SUD-
marine which, according the recent semi official statement
are in possession of the French have not been
made public learned however that was the German
submarine US subsequently sunk by French and BRUSH
warshps near the of the Sussex explosion and whose
crew gave the of the commander and the number OF the
submarine reported have torpedoed the Channel steamer
The only previous information concerning the decorauon
of the submarine commander received by way OF Sizer
land and was officers had received the order OF
Crossed Swords Their not gwen nor were tney
identified as having been connected with the Sussex aar
The information now received specifically Identifies the COM
nander mentioned responsible for the torpedong OF the
Sussex as one of those decorated.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-04-20

Il is declared fatty that on no A..
count will Germany consent TO ahsS.
don submarine warfare. Even IL ,bo
government should favor such a nav
10 concillate the United States ~.
German people would not sanction /,
and the government would be over.
thrown.
~ do not believe" German ofsci.,
declared to-day. that any governmen,
could be formed in Germany stron,
enough 10 maintain such a decision 8
II is explained that the Germans
lightly or wrongly, believe the sub.
marine, used 20 destroy British com.
m,rce, will win the war for Germany
Sooner than abandon il they would
break off relations or even 20 10 war
with the United States.
As seen in Germany, the hostility o,
the United States is chiefly 10 be
avoided because OF the effect il would
have in other countries. Not only
would neutrals be influenced. but the
war parties in England, France. Rus.
STA and Italy would be greatly
strengthened. This would osss,e 70
prolong the war.
L. :. Military Power Not Feared.
The wealth of the United State,
would become important only L ~.
war is prolonged far beyond German
expectation. The military power Of
the United States is not feared.
"As the German people see IT," The
Tribune was told. "the effect of Amer.
lean hostility would be almost purely
moral. They reason that the United
States could not possibly send an
army 10 Europe and il is men ,ha,
count most on the battlefelds Jus,
now in less than six months at the
very least. During that time the Ger.
men submarines, released from re-.
staints imposed in Difference 10 the
United States. would be counted on 10
cripple the Allies and bring peace
"lf, therefore, the United State.
should insist on the abandonment o.
submarine warfare altogether. there
could be only one answer-a break I'm
relations. with war as the probable
sequel. The German people would say.
THIS makes IL plain that the United
States is not neutral that il is doing
al it can TO help our enemies.
"But il is perfectly clear the United
States does not demand that. No suca
demand is stated in the note. and no
sub demand could properly be made
in any case. The most extreme con.
cession the United States IS justified
in askino is that Germany conform
h 7 submarine practice to nterna.
Ii. nal law. and. while Germany does
not believe il is just 70 ask that, Will,
Ter enemies are violating the law.
there is no doubt it will be acced,d
to-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-04-20
Appendix to Note Proves
Sussex Was TOrpedOed
Submits Review of Evidence Showing Vessel Was At
tackled by German Submarine and hit by Missile
Manufactured by Germany.

that the captain saw the torpedo COM
irr toward the vessel u the sworn
statement Of the engineers on duty that
the order 70 port the helm and 20 stop
the starboard engine was received and
obeyed. Report of Admiral Grasset.J
No reasonable explanation can be given
for this unusual order other than that
the captain saw something which
caused him 20 change his course sharp
l. 10 starboard
In addition 70 this evidence. which
would in itself appear TO be conclusive
that the agent OF destruction was a
torpedo, is that Of Lieutenant Smith,
United States Navy. attached to the
American Embassy at Paris, who. ac-
companied By Major Logan, United
States Army. OF the embassy. went 20
BOulogne, Inspected the hull Of the
SUSSEX and personally found beneath
the mass Of water-soaked debris Of the
wreck fifteen pieces Of metal, which
they retained in their possession, as
they did not believe the pieces formed
part Of the vessel.
Inspection Of the hull disclosed that
the vessel was wrecked by an external
explosion. the boilers being intact. and
that short distance forward OF the
bridge was a large dent, showing that
, the vessel had received "a heavy blow,
he direction Of impact being from
nbaft the beam along line at an acute
angle with the keel Of the vessel.
Report Of Lieutenant Smith. cabled
April o.
Metal Pieces Not from Mine.
This evidence comedies with and
corroboratcs the statement that the
vessel was swinging 70 starboard and
away from the torpedo when struck.
The pieces of metal, which the Ameri-
can officers had collected. were COM
pared By Lieutenant Smith. Lieutenant
Commander Sayles and Major Logan
with mines and plans Of mines in pos
/ session of the French naval authorities
at Boulogne. Rochefort and Toulon. and
British naval authorities at Portsmouth.
These officers are positive IN their
opinion that these pieces Of metal were
not parts Of mine. Report of Lieu
tenant Smith, cabled April and 81
Among these fifteen pieces Of metal
were two screw-bolts. showing the ei-
fects OF an explosion, which were
stamped with *" and $50" on faces
of the head Of one, and tx" and "5S'
on faces Of the head of the other. On
examining German torpedoes in the
/ possession of the French naval author
tiles at Toulon and of the English naval
authorities at Portsmouth the Ameri-
can officers found that identical screws
with the Letter "K" and number were
employed TO fasten tho war" head
/ (kopf to the air chamber. Lieuten-
ant Smiths reports, cabled April 2,
and 49,
! The screws used in French and Eng
lish torpedoes have no markings and
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-04-20

ambassador on January 7 OF this year
II contained assurances much broader
i, their scope than those given TO
cover the activities of submarines IN
go var zone around the British Isles
The tension in German quarters
bere which reached a high point with
The announcement last night that freS-
ident Wilson would carry his case o
Congress. was greatly relieved WIN the
notification Of the Presidents message
and note. r... p
Il IS pointed out that on January
Ambassador Won Bernstorn hanueu
Secretary Lansing COMMUNICATION az
rouncing that German submarines IN
10 Mediterranean would follow the
accented principles of international
law as hitherto applied 10 cruiser war
fare. and this was tacitly agreed 70 by
tho United States, since no protest was
made
North Sea a Separate Matter.
The North Sea. it was declared. was
separate matter. as Germany's opera,
tiors there were measures OF reprlsal
against the British blockade. II IS now
declared that Germany will forego tae
asserted right 10 conduct fepflsaIs
against Great Britain. and VIII extend
the decree of January 70 all submaf-
ines and all zones Of operations.
When told that United states gov
eminent officials had Interpreted the
note as calling for the total abandon
ment of submarine warfare, German
officials were incredulous. Ihey
pointed to the paragraph containing
the demand that Germany's present
methods" of submarine war must De
abandoned, and declared that by no
stretch Of imagination could that be
construed az administration officials
had construed II.
Germans here expect that their gov
ernment's announcement VIII De oe-
laved at least ten days.
Remember that we have an impor-
tant decision to make" The Tribune
wa, told. "The opinions OF many Of
fcials will have to be sought, and a
cneful reply drafted Allowing for
the time required 10 transmit the de-
mands Of the United States, decode
and present them, and the same
processes reversed for the reply, u
would be unreasonable TO expect an
answer before the end of next week.
g %
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-04-20
BERLIN TO YIELD,
GERMAN BELIEF

Continued from page |
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-04-20
Message of President Wilson
Heard in Deep Silence by Congress

e IL is still its purpose 10 prosecute
relentless and indiscriminatc warfare
a0ainst vessels of commerce by the use
~ submarines. notwithstanding the now
demonstrated impossibility OF conduct
ING that warfare in accordance WIN
what the government OF the United
States considers the sacred and mus
putable rules Of international law ana
the universally recognized dictates OF
humanity. the government Of the Unit
ed States is at last forced 10 .he con
clusion that there il but one course u
can pursue. and unless the imperial
German government should now imme-
diatelv declare and effect an abandon
ment of its present methods OF warfare
against passenger and freight carrying
vessels. this government can have no
choice but TO sever diplomatic relations
with the government Of the German
Empire altogether"
Up in the gallery sat the Presidents
wife and mother, the most interested
OF all those who had begged. Cajolled
or pushed their way into the crowded
chamber Before the arrival of the
President. Mrs. Wilson had smiled upon
friends in various parts of the house
But, after he began speaking. she did
not once take her eyes from him.
Setting Equally Dramatic.
No audience could have provided a
more effective setting for the dramatic
utterances II was to hear. Practically
every member Of both houses of Con-
grss was in his seat and, an almost
unhesrd Of situation, listening eagerly
to every word of the address. In the
spaces in the rear were all those who
could claim the privilege Of admittance
on any real or imagined grounds.
Three Congressman brought little
daughters with them and, finding no
other place to deposit TENN. permitted
the children TO rest upon their knees
during the proceedings. While the chill
I dren could not understand any part
I Of the message. u is safe 10 imagine
they will describe it in detail to their
children and grandchildren.
The rush 10 get into the galleries
began early this morning Las. night,
within a few hours after the announce
ment Of the Presidents purpose TO adj.
dress the Congress, word had gone out
/ that every one Of the 600 tickets al
/ lowed for spectators had been taken.
/ But hundreds hopefully went 20 the
| Capitol to-day, trusting that somehow
they would be early enough birds to &c,
something.
None got past the doors Of the
House. The corridors outside began 10
I'll before 10 O'Clock, and soon police
dorkeepers and guides were pressed in
10 service 20 discourage them. Stout
fences were thrown across the corridor
outside the doris and two husky guards
stationed, and both were needed, at
each.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-04-20
STEVENS BOYS PREPARE

For the past eight weeks attendance
at lectures on preparedness at Stew
ems College. Hoboken. has been com
pulsory. Major General Leonard
Wood and other army officers have
been the speakers each week.
Professor J. Furman of the Depart
ment of Publicity of the college an
nourced yesterday that steps would
be taken in the fall to organize an
officers training corps This matter,
he said. would be referred to the
students. A dozen or more undergrad
yates have already signified their in
tention Of attending the Pattsburg
Camp this summer.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-04-20
IRON IN, rribun. Bureau J

Washington, April let took JUST
Asteen minutes for President wilson 10
,.u the two houses Of Congress anu
80, uan woman and child who could
bs crowded into the House chaH'0e'
that his months Of effort TO con'pei
Germany TO observe the laws OF n"-
tons had been fruitiess.
He announced a policy that may
r,rnge the United States into 'he
sreatest war of the worlds history
s.r more simply than on previous 0e
cs.ions he had discussed questions u
nolitics or Of commerce
prt no man who listened TO 'he
u,-d. ot the President, who saw 'he
linz. in the faces Of the Senators ana
Representatives, who hung upon every
,.o-d 81 the brief address, failed 10
ora.n the importance Of the si'raAon
or feel the tenseness that was IN 'N'
very atmosphere.
Tense Silence Reigns.
During those fifteen minutes the
allow. solemn voice Of the President was
,bs only sound that broke the sti!ine"
-, ~. house. A Congressman who was
vjsibly affected by the speech descfioea
.,s feelings OF more than one man
whsn he said that the address, tne
ssr,ou. mien OF the President and MS
Glow manner Of enunciation gave 70
!. tho sound Of an indictment being
r.sd bv a court clerk-an indictment
Of Germany before the bar OF h"-
mainly. - 81.
When tie little door 70 the right {,
the Speakers rostrum opened anu
framed The tall figure Of the fresiosh'
a hsndclapping began on the Oemo'
cratic side; then. as if everybody neeo,
cd some means OF giving vent 10 peh'
IN feelings. it spread to the other s'oe
Of the house, the galleries ano s'o''
,n.o the usually unmoved press sA.'
lery.
A.. ,h. President walked in and snooX
,..,ds with the Vice-President ano
Speaker members of the two houses
.,o.s and remained upon their feet
until the Presiden. turned and drew
from his pocket the little bundle OF
,ax unon which ne had written what
NAV prove TO be the most important
manage rny President ever delivered
70 that body. The deeorous handicap
\,g was tunctuated by few Rebel
." rom Southern Congressman;
all became quiet.
Reads in Solemn Voice.
When re President began speaking
there were evidences that he was as
greatly Impressed with the seriousness
Of the situation as any Of his auditors.
When no ssid Gentlemen Of the Con-
gress" mis- voice was so low that /,
did not carry beyond the first few rows
Of seats. Before he had completed The
following paragraph. however. his voice
J sd measured the room and carried "a
the furthe-most sest In the gallery.
From that time on he held up u
that tone. without lifting his voice Of
emphasirin~ any point. There was no
2 flourish, not a movement, OF his body
during tho entire address.
But his voice refused 20 keep dow
20 this pitch when he reached the para
graph upon which his address hinged
ne paused. then raised his tone eve
20 ,lghuy rs he read these words:
4 nave deemed IL my duty 20 say Z,
me imperial German government tha
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-04-20
German-AmeriCan Break
Sure. London Believes

London, April 20.-What will Ger
many do now? This is the question or
everybody's lips, now that it has be
come known that President Wilson has
warned Germany that diplomatic rela
tons will be severed unless an end is
put to submarine piracy. The news
papers here give as much prominence
to President Wilson's speech as they
do to the British Cabinet crisis, but
owing to the late hour at which it was
received few editorials on the subJec'
are published. The general impression
is summed up by "The Daily Chron-
icle," which says:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-04-20
EMDEN OFFICER ESCAPES
Would Commit Suicide Rather than
Return TO British.

Syracuse. Sicily. April l9.-Lieuten-
ant Fikentscher, CT the noted German
raider Emden, which was destroyed By
the Australian cruiser Sydney at Cocos
Islands in 1914, after many daring e1-
ploits, has escaped from Malta, where
he had been held prisoner by the Brit
ish. The lieutenant is now a prisoner
here.
81 will COMM. suicide rather than
return 70 the hands Of the British the
lieutenant said. He maintains that a.
Germany is not at war with Italy me
Italian authorities cannot SURRENDER
him to the British.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-04-20
Bernstorff Gets Copy of Note.

Count Won Bernstorf received copy
Of the note at the State Department
this morning when he went 20 consult
Secretary Lansing about the Won lgel
case. He was greatly interested IN IT,
but refused 10 make any comment for
publication.