Bisbee daily review., 1916-01-08
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Saturday Morning, January 8, 1916.
MONROE DOCTRINE TRANSFORMED


 The Pan7American Scientific Congress is in SC sion Washington definitely the transfo nation the historic doctrine the Pal American dicrine. That, least, is the dominant in from of the American republics, whose coming tC gether political rather than scientific event, spite. of their protestations to the contrary.
 Almost unconsciously and yet rapidly, great his ocal chagne has been taking place in the relations these twenty-one independent American nations. In les than years it has about that LatinAmerica in stead of fearing hating the United States to like and her; that instead oa single presumeing guarantee the integrity and autonom smaller neighgbors against foreign menace is entire hemisphere leaped together spirit thoug not in formal bond the same protection The Monroe policy has evolved into much bigger polic which not only more effective but conducive to self respect of small nations. a
 There has always been considerable vagueness abou the Monroe Doctrine And yet has simple enough As President Monroe declared in 1923, The American continents by the independent position whcl they assumed and maintain are henceforth not tC be considered subjects colonization by any European power.
 At the time have effective of enforcing that policy Indeed have never had, except at the close of the Civil War; when asserted effectively to drive French emperor of Mexico But for nearly hundred years has been recognized and respected Britain reasons of her own and by other pow largely because of Great Britan's example So concerned, moral purpose rather than force has been its bulwark
 The last time the doctrine was vigorously asserted against Great Britain however It was in Grover Ceyeands administration the occasion of boundary dispute between England and Venezuela. England wa; bluntly told keep her hands off try to any American territory. England yielded and submitted the dispute arbitration.
 Secretary Oney at that time defined the Monroe Doc Urine clearly. Tt does establish any genera protecorate by the United States other American states, he said. Tt does relieve any American stat from its obligations prevent any European power enforcing such obligations It does contemplate nterrece in the internal affairs any American The rule in question a single purpose and ob ject. It is that European power combination O. powers shall forcibly deprive any American tho right and of self government and of shaping
 
 This is all very well for the Latin-Amercan nations far protected them foreign aggression what they have particularly always feared aggression They afraid that meant, in our goo time, to gobbe them up And they grew in strengt and independence, they came to resent more and moro self-assumed championship of their rights their Latin pride
 The turning of the tide in Roosevelts admins tTation when Secretary Root made his historic Central South America assuring the an-American feeling thus developed by President attitude brought to Fruton the presen administration
 President Wilson's remarks Pan-Americansm in hi last message Congress were hailed both of thu Rio Grade marking a definite transformation of tn one-sided Monroe Doctrine into the cooperative Pan Amecan doctrine. He neighbors that the o doctrine interpret and apply it, "has in it thought of taking advantage any government in thi hemisphere for benefit. All the government footing of genuine equality and unquestioned ndepend ence" And he ''the America are no hostile rivals but cooperating friends, in very dee and unit in world affairs spiritual partners standing together because thinking together quick wit sympathies and common ideals
 In utterng the keynote of the present Pan-America congress, Secretary State Lansing amplifed am strengthened this interpretation suggesting for the