Evening journal., 1916-02-03
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The FAITHFUL Horse
Expert Declares Animal Has
Become Uneconomic in
Late Years
BY A. JACKSON MARSHALL.
Secretary, Electrical Vehicle AssOcia-
tiOn 60 West 39th Street,
New York City.l

New York City.)
Far-sighted people who have stud
led horse and motor traffic conditions
in this country for the past few years,
have confidently pronounced the
doom OF the horse in the commercial
field. This may seem to be a rather
broad statement considering the fact
that there are over twenty-siX mil
lion horses and draft animals i'm use
in the United States at the present
time and that there are approximate
ly only one hundred thirty thousand
mechanical business vehicles and
sixty thousand tractors used. While
motorized equipment is supplanting
the horse in some of our largest cit
les where traffic conditions demand
greater speed and efficiency. there
are ten million horses distributed
among the urban districts Of the
country. in cities and towns of more
than one hundred. II is difficult for
those who live i'm large cities and
constantly see thousands OF motor We
hicles doing the work that was done
by horses ten OF fifteen years ago to
realize that only a very small per-
centage of horses have been displaced
by motor equipment.
To quote G.. Arthur Bell Of the
Bureau OF Animal Industry Of L. S.
Government-"It is estimated that
there are approximately 1OO.OOO.OOO
horses in the world. OF this number
the 4. 5. possesses 24.0O0O00. or
practically one-fourth"
A complete revolution from horse
drawn to motorized traffic will take
time and the experience of the more
progressive to educate and convince
The general public. Every means
should be brought to bear to hasten
this change for the city horse is the
greatest economic waste today in this
country For the ten million horses
used i'm our cities and towns con-
slider the enormous amount OF labor
devoted to their care and up-keep and
the cost this entails.
The government estimates that the
average food consumption of a horse
is ten pounds for every hour he
works. or a total Of between 12.00C
and 14,0OO pounds per year. which is
the average production of five acres
u dNtidEt dElltulANldl ldlAu III NV
L. S. II costs about 90 cents a day
merely to feed a large draft horse
Shoeing a draft horse in urban service
costs about $50 a year. II is sait
that the iron alone that is hammered
by blacksmiths in the L. S. into hors
shoes in one year is sufficient Il
make 10000 farm tractors or 5000
motor trucks.
In order to maintain sanitary con
ditions I'm our cities. thousands o
stables and street cleaners must b
employed. another item OF expens
chargeable TO the maintenance OF tn
city horse. apprOximating $40 pc
horse per year. In addition conside
the tremendous amount of labor ex
pended in hay making and corn grow
ing. the labor OF mechanics who max
"horse feeding machinery. Of whic
conservative estimate would amour
10 about $50 per year per horse.
recent government report states ths
the horse averages but four hours {
useful work per day in city servic'
For 800 working days (which is
very high averagel his labor is va
ued at not more than SO per day. tn
figure at which horses are hired I
the public At SO per day for 80
~ working days the horse gives a tot;
service Of 5000 per year. Now let u
see what he costs.
Fast par Vaar