The Kansas City sun. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1908-1924, 1916-09-09

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v were dismantled in 1911 and
the space which they occu-
pied was converted into %promenndes
for the prosperous citizens of this
modern Galician capital of 100000 in
habitants, it was doubtless assumed
by many that, having suffered the
sling and arrows of outrageous for
tune" for the five centuries Of its
municipal existence, fate would allot
it q surcease from siege and capture,
says the bulletin of the National Geo
graphic society.
Lying 60 miles almost due east of
Przemysl, and more than 45O miles
northeast of Vienna, Lemberg is sit
uated on the banks of the Peltew river,
an afluent of the Bug. 1t nestles in a
small valley which opens to the north,
and is surrounded by hills, the
most picturesque being the Wildwood
ed Franz-Josef Berg to the northeast.
To the east, a distance of Z miles, is
T%arnopol, neal the Russian border,
one of the first points Of attack when
the Muscovites pushed beyond the
Galician frontier.
A description of the modern city of
Lemberg as it existed in August, 1914,
requires many notifications today, for
the scars of war are to be found in its
many handsome homes its broad, we'll
paved streets; its Roman Catholic
cathedral, a handsome gothic structure
completed in 1850; its Greek cathedral,
completed in 1873; its Armenian
cathedral in the Byzantine style, dat
ing back to 1887, and its magnificent
monuments to such Polish patriots as
King John III Sobieski who, after
having saved Lemberg from the Turks
a few years previously, in 1858 saved
all Europe from Mohammedan inva.
sion by routing an army of 3O0,OOt
Turks encamped about Vienna, his OWL
force numbering only 10000.
Nearly 700 Years Old.
Called Lwow in the Polish tongue
and Leopolis in Latin, Lemberg wa:
founded by a Ruthenian prince in 1853
Nearly a hundred years later it wa
added to the domain of Casimir thu
Great, who bestowed upon the cit!
the + charter and privileges widel!
known during the middle ages as tn,
Magdeburg Right.
Following the fall of Constantinople
Lemberg enjoyed a revival of trad,
with the East, but it was caught in tn,
maelstrom of rebellion and piIlag,
which swept over the Ukraine and
por+ Of poloDd 6urinu tho 1oS+ bolf n
the seventeenth century, when the Cos
sack hetman, Chmielnicka, was direct
ing the infamies of the "serfs' fury"
Lemberg was one of the Polish citie
to fall before the arms of Charles n
of Sweden when the ill-advised Au
gustus II was drawn into the Grea
Northern war, which devastated Ger
trail Europe for the first 20 years Of tn
eighteenth century. In 1772, upon tn
first partition of Poland, Lemberg be
came an Austrian possession, and l
years after this event Joseph IL es
tablished the University of Lember
which, at the time of the outbreak O
the present war, had more than 200
students.
One of the most attractive parks G
Lemberg, and a favorite promenad,
bears the name of the Polish patrio
Jan Kilinski, q humble little shoe
; maker, who fought bravely in 1874
was captured and taken to st. Peter!
burg. After his release he returne
to his shoemaker's bench and in HI
leisure hours wrote his recollectious,
: valuable record of this period of HI
country's history.
Since the establishment of the &,
, lician diet in 1861 Lemberg has Ell
, joyed increasing prosperity, Its mani
: features include machinery and irol
, ware. matches, candles, liQueur
chocolate, leather, bricks and tile
while its commerce is largely in line
> fax, hemp, wool and oil.
: In 1907 two interesting finds wei
= made in the vicinity of this city