davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-16
FROM THE RECORDS

Harrison, "The Stars. and Stripes an Other American Flags" issued 1908. Pas 33i. It is surprising fact that Mir. Shit did not tell his family that he devise. the design for the Confederate flag unts some eight years ago. Since then hi claim has been published in several souti ern newspapers, and remained undispute until February 1904. when the Los Cause, a periodical of Louisville printe Nicola Marschalrs statement that he al vised the design that Congress adopte for the first national flag.
 Page 342 Beauregard, New Orleanl Oak Ridge, Nelson county, Virginia, Nee IA, 1872: At the provisional congres. which met in Montgomery, I was chair man of the committees on devising a fla We had hundreds of designs submittd, te us from all parts of the country. N,- one of them in the least resembled tls battle flag. The committee could n
 agree upon a flag. They finally detel mined to submit four designs to Congress from which they should by vote sele, one. One of the four was the flag th1 was adopted the first flag of the Confe
 eracy-a field of three horizontal bars
 stripes, red, white and red, with bl1 union and stars. Another of the foy was red field with a blue ring or circe in the center. Another was composed n number of horizontal stripes q forgs how many) of red and blue (none I. white) with blue union and stars like te first. The fourth was a saltire, as it N,
 Continued; on Page Ffve) f.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-16
FROM MRS. MARsCHALL

I was a girl at Marion Female seminary and sortiy after the Stars and Bars was hoisted we made a number of pin cush- ions with the design of the Stars and Bars to give to the Marion Light infantry and Miss Mary E. Locke, member of the faculty said "Now girls we are giving the boys not just something for themselves, but something to remember Mir. MarschaH by also-his Confederate flag"
 The steward of our school set a spread and we presented the pin cushions. Two of my brothers went out with this com ipany. My four brothers were in the Con- ifederate army-all the sons my mother had, the lives of two went out while on duty. We have known MT. Marschall S federate Congress ever since those days in 1861, and have talked of it often, but never thought to blazon it to the world, las we believed it too well established in the south to be necessary for us to verify his claim. Since, however, some few years ago, Orrin R. Smith, from North Carolina, claimed that he designed it. we 'have repeatedly told the facts as they related to MT. Marschall and it is ab- solutely true that MT. Marschall de- signed the flag which was accepted by the Confederate Congress and became the Confederate flag.
 (Signed.)
 MRS. NICOLA MARSCHALL..
 Dated December IS, 1914 Louisville, ky.
 (Seal)
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-16

as an artist and a draftsman. Both Governor Moore and Mrs. Lockett were proud that Marion held this honor
 l had then never met MT. Marschall and the next day General Forrest and 1 went to call on him. We told him of what Governor Moore had said and con graduated him. MT. Marschall was much pleased and related in detail how Mrs. Lockett came to him to design the flag and her suggestions as to how it should be, and of how Congress had chosen the first one he drew. l moved to Marion and lived there 10 years and was frequent visitor to MT. Marschalrs, seeing much of him and his wife. That Marschall designed the Confederate flag chosen by Congress is well known in Marion and Alabama. I have heard many others speak of it. and the honor here was never denied him by any one. I have in my home a splendid portrait of Forrest painted by Mar schall, which I prize greatly.
 (Signed) EDWARD w. FUCKER, Colonel Commanding Fucker Brigade,
 Forrest Company.
 Witness: David Roberts, Jr Millie
 Beall.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-16
MARsCHALL's AFFIDAVIT
Louisville. Ky, December 2l, 1sl1

Louisville, Ky, December 2l, T9i4. I do solernnly swear that designed the flag known as the Stars and Bars, which was accepted by the first Confederate Congress at Montgomery, Ala, and be- came the first flag of the Confectionery. I designed the flag at the request of Mrs. Napoleon LoclSett sometime before March 4. 1861: making three designs, one of which was accepted. Mrs. Lockett called at my studio one morning and told me that the Confederate government wanted a flag and said among other things, will you make us a design? It must not be too unlike the United States flag but | different enough to be distinguished at a distance
 at once took pencil and paper and made three different designs. The first was of two red stripes and one of white, with blue field extending to the top of the lower red stripe bearing seven white stars in the upper left-hand corner indicating the number of states that had then seeded The second design was the same except that the blue field with stars was at the extreme left of the white stripe instead of the top red stripe. The third design had the two full red stripes at top and bottom, the white stripe in the middle with blue field and white stars in the center.
 It did not occur to me then that I had uOn6 dIHIninS NOIlllS Ol iiOtS. SillipiS made the sketches at the request of Mrs. Lockett, who was intimately in touch with the state government, as two of Ter sons married two of Governor Moore s daughters and she was the leader in everything pertaining to the southern cause. She, l might say was the great est rebel" of them all. Mrs Lockett was one of my most intimate friends and Governor Moore was one of the trus- tees at the school where I taught paint ing, drawing and music, and was also my warm personal friend.
 (Signed). NICOLA MARSCHALL.
 Witness: l.. c. WADDLE
 Subscribed and sworn to before me this Fist day of December, 1914.
 CELESTA M. TEVIIN Notary Public Jefferson County, Ken
 lucky. My Commission Expires Janu-
 ary II, 1916
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-16

and others ever since the flag was hoisted on March 4, 1861.
 Mrs. Napoleon Lockett whose two sons married two daughters of Gov. A. B. Moore, was asked by Governor Moore to have the noted artist. Nicola Marschall, design a flag of proper proportions for the committee on flags. Mrs. Lockett asked Professor Marschall to do this, and he drew three designs, the first of which was accepted by the Confederate Con- gress. This has been accepted by our local people from that time to this as an indisputable fact. This is the origin of the Stars and Bars as we heard it, about March f, 1881, and since
 CARLOS REESE,
 Capt. and A. Q. M. c. s. A.
 MRS. J. B. SEWERS,
 MRS. ANNIE T.. SEAWELL,
 ALBERT FRANCES DAVIS, A native of Marion (Co. F, 20th Ala Infantry Regment)
 GEO. P. l.. REED,
 Med. Dept c. s. A.
 CATHERINE R. GODDEN,
 Marion, Ala. J. P. LOCKHART,
 c. H. SEWELL, J. o. BAILEY,
 Adjt. Camp Garrott, No. PIT, U. c. V) THOS. CURRY,
 Register in Chancery
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-16
LETTER TO MIR. MARsCHALL

Amarillo, Tex, March 26, 1914.
 My Dear Sir-In answer to your letter of March 22, would state that l have distinct recollection of the fact that yoa and my mother designed the first Con- federate flag. 1 even remember see.ng some of the rough sketches at my moth CT home in Marion. This fact has never been questioned in Alabama, and only recently have 1 heard that there was any other claimant. If my wife were living she would be more positive in asserting this fact
 l do not know how I can make this fact more emphatic than this simple declara- tion above. As you remember, my wife was the daughter of Gov. A B. Moore, who at that time was governor of Ala bama. Yours very truly,
 (Signed) w. A. IOCKETT.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-16
sCOTvrs sTATEMENT

I was a boy in my fourteenth year and living in Marion, Ala, in 1861. Mrs. Na- poleon Lockett was a very close neighbor of our family. Prof. Nicola Marschall was a celebrated portrait painter of Ma rion, and a fine musician. l was a pet of his and visited his studio almost daily He told me that Mrs Lockett had asked him to design flag for the Confectionery, and that he had done SO.
 I heard Mrs. Lockett say that the Marschall design for flag had been adopted and how proud Marion should be. It was the general talk at the time that the Marschall design had been adopted as the Confederate flag, and at no time did I ever hear, until very re- gently, that anyone claimed to have de- signed the Stars and Bars the first Confederate flag adopted as the flag of the Confectionery.
 Professor Marschall has always been accorded this honor until quite recently and historians have frequently recorded this fact, without dispute until of recent date.
 From my memory, which I am sure Is correct, Nicola Marschall, the Marion, Ala. artist designed the flag, which was sign was submitted by Mrs. Napoleon Loclett of Marion, Ala. Respectfully.
 D. M. SCOTT, Assistant Adjutant General Alabama Di- vision, U. c. V. Orderly Sergeant in Sixty-second Alabama Infantry c. s. A. Witnesses: l.. c. HARRISON, w. J. HODGSON
 I hereby certify that the above state ment is an exact copy of statement sent me by General D. NJ. Scott.
 (Signed MRS. CHAPPELL CORY.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-16
STATEMENT BY DAUGHTER

Mont tgoalery Ala December IS, 1914.
 This is to certify that I am the daugh- ter of Mrs. Napoleon LoclSett, that l per sonally knew that my mother, at the suggestion of Governor A. B. Moore Of Alab ana asked the artist, Nicola Mars chall to design a Confederate flag for the southern Confederacy. Two of Governor Moores daughters married two or Mrs Locletts sens. My brother, Dr. w. A. Lockett though not at home at the tune, remembers it. for he has heard us talk of it at home, and he married one of Governor Moores daughters.
 My mother was 8 very patriotic woman and in close touch with the government at the capitol was with my mother when she spoke to MT. Marschall about the flags, l loved to go to his office. for loved art, and went whenever I could. He had a large book of all kinds of flags. I can't remember very mucn of what was said, but one thing I do remember distinctly and that was that they wanted it in good proportions. and he must have it something like the United States flag, not too much, but kinder like it." That much I distinctly remember. l remember also that one of his designs was accepted. We have talked about it at home, but didn't think it such a wonder tul thing-times were too serious.
 (Slgned) FANNIE LOCKETT. Witnesses:
 MRSs JESSIE LAMAR,
 MRS. WILLIAM BAUER
 State of Alabama, Montgomery county. The above and foregoing statement was this day acknowledged before me to be the signature of Fannie Lockett.
 Witness my hand and seal, this the 2d day of February, 1915.
 R. E. SEIBELS, Notary Public 
 MRS. SMITHS STATEMENT
 This is to certify that the Confederate
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-16
MISS DRAKE's STATEMENT

MaflOn, EeDruary z0, l9lo. That Nicola Marschall of Marion, a the request of Mrs. Loclzett, designed tn Confederate flag run up on the capitol b. Miss Tyler, is a fact so long known anf accepted by citizens of Marion, both meI and women in touch with those days that it is matter of surprise that al this late date his claim should be ques tioned.
 With pride and pleasure in an articl written for the Birmingham Ledger, gave the above statement in regard t the origin of the flag, which I considere. a fact of great historic interest to tn public. The article was accompanied bl picture of the distinguished artist anl his wife, both of whom, also Mrs. Lock cit and Governor Moore, were person. ally known to me. (Signed)
 VIRGINIA F. DRAKE. I hereby certify this is exact copy q statement given me by Miss Virginil Drake of Marion (Signed)
 MRS. CAMPBELL CORY.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-16
W. A. LOCKETT STATEMENT


 This is to certify that I am the son of Mrs Napoleon Lockett, that while 1 have no personal knowledge of the affair, be- ing away from home at the time, recall distinctly of visit home, hearing this di discussed:
 That my mother Mrs. Napoleon Lock ett Cat the suggestion of Gov. A. B. Moore, two of whose daughters married her sons, and who made his home with us much while in Marion) asked MT. Nicola Marschall, a noted artist, to de- sign flag for the Confederacy for the committee. He drew some designs, and one of them was selected by Confederate Congress then in session. MT Marschall wrote an account of it, which was true. I don't remember the dates, but it was in spring before the flag was raised in March. My wife, who was Governor Moores daughter, talked about it and were she living, could give you absolute proof. As to the truth of this there has never been any question in Alabama. can only reterate that my mother and MT Marschail did what was claimed for them
 (signed) w A. LOCKETT. Witness:
 R. H. WALKER. NJ. D.
 w. H. INGERTON, P. NJ.
 Amarillo, Tex, December 1s, 1914 I would state that F months ago l received a letter from MT. Nicola Mar schall, stating in full all the facts as above set forth, which letter I forwarded to committee in Alabama soon after receiving it. Some three years ago MT Marschal wrote full account of the transaction. in the Louisville Courier Journal. Unfortunately this paper has been lost. Yours truly,
 (Signed.} w. A LOCKETT.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-16
GENERAL RUCKER'S STATE
 MENT
Birmingham. March 15

BIrIHIHghanl, MATCH ID, IyI5.
 In the spring of 1869 I was in Marion in company with Gen. N B. Forrest Mrs. Napoleon Lockett, leading spirit in Confederate affairs and a most tal ented and cultivated woman, invited us to dine. When we arrived we met there also ex-Gov. A. B. Moore. The converse ton turned much on Confederate hap penings in Marion, and Governor Moore turning to me said: "By the way, you know Nicola Marschall, who designed the Confederate flag chosen by Con- gress, is Marion citizen"-and he went on to speak of Marschall's genius
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-16

State of Alabama, Jefferson County.
 I hereby certify that the above state ment is an exact copy from letter written Mrs. Cory and signed by Mrs Nicola MarschaIl Given under my hand aud seal this 29th day of December, 1914.
 NEAL l.. ALLEN, Notary Public.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-16
MISS MoRToN's STATEMENT

the war" I feel that I can most sin cerely and truthfully add my testimony to many others as to the fact that the Confederate flag was designed by MT Nicola Marschall at the suggestion of Mrs. Napoleon Lockett, both of Marion, Ala. Mrs. Lockett was a near anc cear relative of mine and MT. Marschalps wife was my cousin, so that the incident con- corning the flag of the Confederacy was subject of much discussion in our home circle in the days of my childhood could never doubt this origin of the flag nor accept any other claim in the wide, wide world.
 (Signed.) HATTIE MORTON.
 Principal Louie Compton Seminary.
 Birmingham, Ala, February A, 1915.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-16

4, 1861, one month before the shot was fired.
 The following statements and affidavits should be read carefully:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-16
FROM MRS. REESE

Birmingham, Ala, February "A, 1915.
 l am the niece of Mrs. Napoleon Lock ett, and was a student in the Marion seminary during the year 1861, when the Confederate flag was at the request of my aunt, designed by Prof. Nicola Mars chall and accepted by Congress l have heard this story of the designing of the flag from my aunt and others We were very proud of the fact that 1t was de- signed in Marion, and of the connection my aunt had in it. and she was delighted that MT. MarschalPs design was accepted. Many in Marion then discussed it, were interested in it, and proud of it.
 MT. Marsehall was for a long time a teacher in the seminary. He was splen- did violinist as well as artist. Col. Sam Lockett and Professor Marschall were especially warm friends. Professor Mars chaH married my cousin, and I particu- larly remember how proud we younger people in Marion were that "our" flag should have been chosen by the Confed- crate Congress.
 (Signed) MRS CARLOS REESE.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-16

flag accepted by Congress was designed by Prof. Nicola Marschal a noted ar tist and splendid, high-toned man, who taught in Marion, Ala, and painted many fine portraits He was asked to make these designs by Mrs. Napeoleon Lockett at the request of Governor A. B. Moore of Alabama. Although many designs had been sent in, the flag committee was not sa tisfied with any of them. and some of the state officers knowing Professor MarschaPs skill as an artist, and that he had designed some beautiful flags for some of the Alabama regiments, thought that with his experience, he could get one to suit and have the proper proportions. l knew when Mrs. Lockett asked him to make the designs, and l remember dis tinctly when one of the designs by Pro- lessor Marschal was accepted by Con- gress. I was much interested in it and Mrs. LoclSett stopped at my home and told me one of MT. Marschars designs had been accepted and was our Confederate flag.
 1 don't remember exact date but it was early in 1881, about February 1, perhaps, or perhaps first of March that the de- signs were made, but it was before the flag was accepted or raised on March 4. I talked with Mrs Lockett about it then and afterwards. I can't see how anybody else could put in a claim The Confeder- ate Congress certainly accepted one of Mir. Marschais designs, and Mrs. Lockett asked him to design it.
 Signed this 18th day of December, 1914
 MRS. JAMES A. SMITH. Witnesses:
 M. J. SMITH,
 CLARA SMITH
 Mrs. Smith is the wife of a Confederate veteran, still resident of Marion, Ala
 SUMTER LEA'S STATEMENT
 Birmingham, February 26, 1915.
 This is to certify that I know per sonally that at -gthe request of Mrs. Napoleon Lockett (who was asked to do this by Governor Moore), Nicola Marshall, fine artist and splendid man then living in Marion, Ala, painted some designs for flag commit tee, one of which was selected by Con- gress. Of late years after controversy concerning design of this flag, Profess sor Marschall wrote me and enclosed in his letter facsimile of these designs and asked me to give him certificate of my knowledge, which I cheerfully did. We all in Marion thought Mar schall eonnoiseur of flags, as he had already designed some flags for Ala bama companies along in January, 1881. It was in the early part of 1861, before March f, that he designed the flag which was accepted by Confeder- ate congress, While 1 was living in Ala. Everybody then in Marion knew this to be fact, it was common, accepted truth then. I was surprised to know that so late as about 10 years ago another man claimed the honor for North Carolina, which state hadn't even seeded when our flag was raised in Alabama. (Signed) SUMTER LEA. Witnesses: s. l.. Minter, Mrs. Sumter
 Lea, Jr.
 nf A aor Tzf txr. Sworn to and subscribed before me, this the 18th day of February. 1915.
 (SeaD NEIL l.. ALLEN,
 Notary Public
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-16
c. H. BEALES STATEMENT

Montgomery Ala, December P, 1914
 This is to certify that I am a survivor of the steamer Pearl that sailed from Newberne, N. C., on March 5, 1861, flying the Confederate flag, and the first Con federate flag that ever floated on the high seas, and was commanded by Capt Bob Robbins. The design of this flag was adopted in Montgomery Ala, and telegraphed throughout the country. but the flag we carried was made in New berry, N. C., and was a blue field with a red, a white and red stripe, and only had seven stars in it, and was made of oil calico. We took it to countries be- longing to England, France and Dem mark, of the West Indian Islands, and had some thrilling experiences with it.
 As early as 1868, while living in Mont gomery, Ala, learned that it was fact and unquestioned by any that Nicola Marschall, then a distinguished resident and artist of Marion, Ala, at the re- quest of Mrs. Loekett, designed this flag -the Stars and Bars adopted by the Con- federate Congress. I never heard any, thing else until few years since Grim R. Smith announced in some of the papers that he did it.
 The proof is very clear that the real designer of the first Confederate flag is Nicola Marschall.
 (Signed). c. IT. BEALE. Witness:
 JOHN B. FULLER.
 W. R. BRASSELL.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-16
OJJR FLAG

OUh LAU
 At the time the Confederate flag was designed, I was living in Marion Ala and know it to be true, that Mrs. Mary Lockett, resident of Marion, and Ni- colla Marschall, celebrated artist, now liv- ing in Louisville, Ky, designed the flag, and it was accepted and used anG no other. (Signed)
 MRS. MARTHA McKERALL,
 Selma, Ala. Montgomery, Ala, February 24 1913. We, the undersigned residents of Ma rion wish to testify to the historic fact that the first flag of the Confederacy, the Stars and Bars, was designed in Marion. We have heard the facts as told by Mrs. Napoleon Lockett, Nicola Marschall
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-16

Mho. SMI III D SI "A ENI EN This is to certify that the Confederate
White Pine news weekly mining review. [volume] (East Ely, Nev.) 1910-1920, 1916-04-09
CLYDE TILFORD BRINGS IN
SOME FINE LOOKING ROCK

Clyde Tilford, who has been pros
p~ecting in the great scheelite district,
came in during the week and exhibit
ed some of the finest looking ore that
has been seer so far. Sheriff Grain,
Tom Barton and Dick Millick are as
ISOLATED with Mr.. Tilford and believe
they have made a rich find. Mr.. TIL
ford says that unlike the other veins
discovered in the Minerva district,
which run east and west. his discov-
cry is on a vein running north and
south. 1t has an average of 40 feet
in width with a 4-foot streak of ore.
The samples selected of course run
high, reaching perhaps 20 per cent,
but the general average Mr.. Tilford
is better than one per cent.
After getting sufficient supplies, Mr..
Tilford left for the great scheelite
again to prosecute development
work.
White Pine news weekly mining review. [volume] (East Ely, Nev.) 1910-1920, 1916-04-09
..MERELY MARY ANN HITS VICE

Merely Mary Ann" Israel Gang
Wills stage drama, which has been
produced in photoplay by William
Fox. gives an expose of the nefarious
trade of the cadet as practiced in
the worlds cities. The play deals
with Mary Ann, a country girl who
goes to work in a city boarding house
and who is subjected to the loathe-
some attentions of Sid, dance hall
habitue and cadet
In the photoplay. to preserve the
unities. Mary Ann escapes from her
conscienceless tormentor. In real
life, however. there are only too many
thousands of cases which end differ
emily. Concentrated attack on capt.
talized vice has recently been begun
in various cities; hence, Merely
Mary Ann" is a peculiarly timely pro-
duction. and is shown at the Ely the
alter tomorrow night.
White Pine news weekly mining review. [volume] (East Ely, Nev.) 1910-1920, 1916-04-09
ARBOR DAY PROCLAMATION

In compliance with that beneficient
provision of our law setting aside one
day each year to be observed by fit
ting exercises in the public schools
tending to instil in our youth a prop
err appreciation of Natures bounties
and to promote the universal culture
of plants and trees, |, Emmett ID.
Boyle. Governor of the State of Ne
vada, hereby declare
FRIDAY. APRIL IA, 1916
ARBOR DAY
and | urge all to energetically join In
participating in the spirit of the day
by planting trees. shrubs, and flowers
In public and private places as a heri-
tage to future generations.
BY statute Arbor Day is to be OBJ
as a holiday in the public
schools only.
In Testimony Whereof, | have here,
uno set my hand and caused the
Great Seal of the State of Nevada
to be affixed. Done at Carson City
this first day of April, in the year
of our Lord one thousand nine
hundred and sixteen.
lSEAL) EMMETT ID. BOYLE,
Governor.
the Governor:
GEORGE RRODICAN
Secretary of State.