davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-26

Every architect who has travelled to
any extent, either in his own country
or abroad. will have been very strongly
impressed by the evident influence of
climate on architectural design. Every
structure, no matter what its type, is
fundamentally a shelter. Just what
the requirements of the building may
be in order to provide adequate shelter
is of course. largely controlled by the
rigors of the climate. A writer in a
recent issue of the Builder of London
draws some interesting conclusions
concerning the influence of climate on
architecture. and not the least so is
that the history of architecture is
very largely the history of roofing"
The article referred to follows:
Architecture is affected by many in
fluences. Among others may be men,
toned race, climate, materials, religion
and social conditions. OF all these in
fuenceS climatic conditions have had
the most obvious direct effects. 1t is
not proposed to consider how, indi-
rectly, architecture has been affected
through the influence Of climate on the
personality of the architect. Different
people hold different views on this
matter. We may quote the late F. w.
ern climate seems to affect and elevate
the imagination as much by it's genial
influence on the organization of man
as by the beauty of the scenes it pre-
sents. l fear We must conclude
that those who are, as it were, habit
ually saturated with the larger and
more ideal aspects of nature. and
whose life and faculties expand under
their influence. must in the long run be
superior to those who dwell in less
genial climate"
Determines Type of Roof.
Considering more direct influences
cipal factor that determines the type
of roof and window of any building.
The former is the more important for
the history of architecture Is very
largely the history of roofing. With
regard to fenestration, Mr.. Walter
Cave says: "It was not till the time 81
the Roman empire that the admission
of light came to be considered as an
integral part of the design"
A climate such, as that of Egypt,
which is very hot with a slight rain
fall, results in the use of fiat roof,
building from heat: the exclusion of
wet being Of secondary Importance. a
sloping roof becomes unnecessary To
obtain light only small openings are
used, it being natural in a hot and
very sunny climate to prefer a dim
light, as relief from the outside
glare. In sunny lands artists seem to
use bright colors naturally, and details
are refined. We see all these results in
the ancient architecture of Egypt, even
down to the wildly painted ornaments
and delicate reliefs. One important
point to be remembered in designing
buildings for Europeans in the tropics
is that the white man needs protection
from light rays, which are very harm
full to the nervous system as well as
from heat. The fermentation in the
skin of a colored man cuts off light
rays, and he. has, therefore. only to
shield himself from heat rays to be
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-26
Reddy Fox Does His Part.

Hey, there, you red rascal" shouted
Farmer Browns Boy as he looked down
through the Old Orchard and saw Red
dy Fox. do you think you are going
to catch another of my chickens? Well,
I guess not"
Reddy jumped at the sound of his
voice and turned as if to run back to
the Green Forest. He went a little
way and then stopped to see IL Farmer
Browns Boy was following. He wasn't,
so Reddy sat down, and, as Farmer
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-26

Then you can lead him right over to
where poor Mrs. Grouse is Poor thing!
I suppose she is wondering II we really
are trying to help her and probably
hasn't got the least bit of hope. Now
I'll hurry ahead and see II l can ind
Farmer Browns Boy"
So Sammy spread his beautiful wings
and headed straight for the edge of the
Old Orchard close by Farmer Browns
dooryard. There. just as he had hoped.
very busy at the wood pile, whistling as
he worked Sammy went back to the
middle of the Old Orchard and there he
began to scream at the top of his lungs
as il he had discovered something. In
fact he screamed just as he often had
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-26
NATIONAL.

A tariff commission to be named by
the President was reported favored by
President Wilson. Capt. Charles A. Nc
Allister was nominated to succeed him.
self as engineer-in-chief Of the Coast
Guard. Theodore Z. Burton. former
Ohio senator. permitted the use of his
name a candidate for President at
the Ohio state primaries. The Senate
committee of investigation heard addi-
tional charges against Louis D. Brandeis.
nominated for associate Justice of the
Supreme Court of the United States.
Attorney General Gregory announced
his determination to bring Thomas z.
Watson to trial on charges of sending
improper literature through the mails,
obtaining an indictment outside OF the
state of Georgia if a fair trial could
not be obtained there or the offense
be shown to have been committed else
where Mine workers and anthracite
mine operators held conferences In
New York for agreement upon wage
scale. murderous tong war between
Hop Sugs and Bling Kongs was renew
ed in Portland, Ore, with several cas-
ualties. Ten lost their lives when a
freight train crashed into an express
on the New York. New Haven and
Hartford railroad near Milford. Conn;
the express brakeman. in Tagging
the freight in an effort to avoid
the disaster, allowed the train to run
over him when 1t failed to respond 10
his signal.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-26
VIRGINIA CHANGES HANDS
Walter W. Trout Takes Title to
Apartment at 212O G
Street Northwest.

transferring the ownership of the Fir-
ginia apartment, at 2120 G street. from
the Virginia Apartment House Com
pany to Walter w. Trout. The con-
veyance shows the consideration to
have been about $4,000.
The Virginia is a four-story building
containing twenty suites of rooms. II
has a frontage of forty feet and a
depth of 129 feet.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-26
THE WEEK
Epitone Of Events Ending FEB.
ruary %, 1915.
WAR CONDITIONS AFFECTING
UNITED STATES.

The President announced his decision
to keep peace with honor. but to insist
on the rights of Americans to travel
in safety on the high seas; party lead
ers held in check a revolt in Congress
proposing a resolution to warn Amer
leans to keep of armed passenger ships:
the American government maintained
its insistence that vessels armed Tor
defense only are not to be regarded by
belligerents as war vessels J. l. L.
Lincoln. escaped German spy, was re-
captured in Brooklyn. n. Y. American
socialists proposed worid socaiss
movement, simultaneously, for peace.
Col. f. NJ House. personal representa-
tive of the President to belligerent ma
tons, sailed for the United States.
Progress of War.
Russian forces report 10000 Turks
killed. wounded and prisoners at Erze-
rum: the victorious troops pressed on
toward Trebizond. the enemy in flight.
German assaults were successful in
making advance toward the fortress
of verdun. gaining also in upper AL
SAGE; a British attack on the User
canal, north of Ypres, was reported
repealed by the German forces. The
British steamer westburn. made a prize
by a German sea raider. landed pris-
oners at Santa Cruz. Canary Islands.
and then was taken out OF harbor and
sunk. The east and southeast coasts
of England were raided by German
seaplanes. Portugal reQuisitioned
German and Austrian ships In Portu
guese harbors The King of Greece
gave assurances that the allied troops
on Greek soil will not be attacked by
Greek troops. The car opened the
duma; leaders of all parties united
for the continuance Of Russian Of
fensive. viscount Bryce. former Brit
ish ambassador to the United States,
headed a parliamentary delegation TO
discuss with a similar French body the
problems of the war.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-26
FOREIGN.

President Wilson sent to the Senate
part of the correspondence relating to
the occupation of Chosen. then Korea,
by Japan during the Russo-Japanese
war, including letter from then Sec
rotary of State Root to the Korean en-
voy in Washington declaring no good
purpose was to be served by taking
notice of statements that the Emperor
of Korea had submitted to japanese DE
mands under duress. David X FRANCIS
accepted the post of American ampae,
sador to Russia. James W. Gerard.
American ambassador to Berlin. broke
his collarbone while skiing near Mu-
mich. The Senate confirmed the nomi-
nation of H. p Fletcher to be ambae-
sador to Mexico. The Mexican provi-
sional government was reported con-
sidering new currency system. found
ed on the federal reserve system In the
United States. The Russian foreign
minister, NJ. SaZonof, in the duma.
spoke in favor of improved commercial
proposition to sell the Danish West
indies to the United States was revived
in Copenhagen. President Yuan Snl-
kai, emperor-elect of China, estap-
lished huge military camp in his ma
tive province, regarded by his enemies
as a place of refuge and means or
strengthening his hold upon the throne;
rebels made an attack on the capltai
of Human, but were repulsed ana cap
tured. After trial Pietro Rossf, art stu
dent charged with attempt to murder
Mrs. Mary Flavelle, an American wom-
an. on a railroad train near Florence.
was found guilty in ArozZo. Among
those who died during the week We're;
Karl BeRas. noted German scuiptor,
Ludwig Braun, Bavarian battle scene
painter; X. F. Arnoldson. Nobel prize
winner, and Admiral Won Pohl, German
retired naval officer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-26
SAYS ARTISTIC FIREPLACE
NEED NOT BE EXPENSIVE
Writer Describes Materials Used In Con-
struction and Outlines Essential Features
ofProper Design-"Draw" Important.

As the amen is often the best part OF
a Door sermon, so an artistic fireplace,
we'll located, is often the redeeming fea-
ture of an otherwise poorly designed
house, says George NJ Peterson, In the
Pittsburgh Gazette-Times
Fireplaces do not necessarily have to
be expensive or elaborate to be artistic,
and sometimes the most inexpensive are
the most pleasing. Various materials are
used for their construction, although
pressed, tapestry and common wire cut
brick are probably the most commonly
used today. These brick may be obtained
in various colors and shades, SO that the
color scheme Of any room may be
matched, to a certain extent. with brick
for the fireplace, the different shades OF
red and the buff iron spot brick being the
most popular at the present time. Fire
place brick also come in different shapes,
although only two of them are in general
use-the regular and the Roman. This
latter named brick is half again as long
as the regular brick and only half as
thick, and when laid in a dark brown
or black mortar presents very pleasing
appearance indeed.
Many Desirable Types.
OF course, there are also the old colo
NAL wood mantels and fireplaces and the
wood frames with glazed
tile front and hearth as well as an almost
unlimited variety of stone freplaces.
This latter type Of fireplace is very popu--
lar for summer homes. clubhouses and
other places where a massive fireplace will
not look out of proportion with the rest
of the room. A field stone fireplace is.
when properly laid up, one of the most
desirable from the artistic point OF view.
especially for bungalow work. The man
tel shelves for all brick and stone fire.
places should be heavy hardwood slabs
about three inches in thickness by about
twelve or more inches wide.
II slabs cannot be obtained readily
the shelf may be built up Of several
pieces of thin material or may be
built like a box. With the stone fire.
place the shelf is often left in the
rough-that is, it is hewn Off the side
of a log and placed in a position in
this condition with the top side rough
and the bottom with the bark still ad-
herring to 1t. The shelf should always
be carried on corbels, which afford the
shelf plenty of bearing as well as as
sisting greatly in producing that mas
sive appearance which is SO desirable
in fireplace construction.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-26
Two Apartments Planned.

Excavations have been started for
two apartments to be erected at 1914
and 1880 Fairmont street northwest, by
Isaac Kirksteine, owner and builder.
from plans by Matthew G. Lepley.
builder. They are to be of the two
story type. and contain eight suites OF
rooms each.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-26
'Rinderpest" Killed
Many Beasts of Burden.

unchecked in the days of instruction.
it killed SO many animals that farm
work was held back or stopped entire
ly. The agricultural bureau has spent
more money and had more trouble
fighting rinderpest than in all its
other troubles put together. Now the
malady is well under control, and any
one who sees the numbers of the cara
bao must realize that the lack of work
animals is no longer interfering with
agricultural progress.
OF late there have been very encour-
aging signs of new and Intelligent
interest in the agricultural resources
of the islands. The first agricultural
congress in the history of the Philip
pines was recently held in Manila.
from every part of the archipelago, and
the spirit they showed indicates that
the real significance of the question is
being realized by the people at large.
When we consider the richness, the
productiveness, the heavy and prosper
Gus populations supported by such re-
gions as Porto Rico and Hawaii, when
we see what part they play in world
commerce and when we compare their
area with the immense stretches of
Philippine soil, we get a new concep-
ton of the potentialities of this tropic
archipelago. The agricultural future
of the Philippines is one that can only
be estimated. 1t presents great prob
lens, but their solution will be re-
warded hundredfold.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-26

being so low that sulphur gas is often
pumped into the mains SO that the con-
sumner may have something to burn.
Improper f1ue construction allows this
sulphur to escape into the room, the
results being far more annoying and
harmful than in the case of wood
smoke and almost as bad as coal gas.
The successful fireplace must be equip
ped with a damper and should be
equipped with an ash dump at the bot
tom of the hearth through which the
ashes are pushed into the bottom of
the chimney. from where they are re-
Supplies Two Rooms.
Oftentimes a fireplace may be worked
in in such a manner that 1t will ap-
pear in a desirable place in two rooms
with the expense of only one chimney.
Again, the fireplace may be built into
the corner. the side or end of the room
or 1t may be built into an ingle nook.
which is a very pleasing effect.
All fireplace f1ues, especially those
burning gas. should be lined with a
being provided for each stove or fire.
place connection in order to avoid
back-draughts in the chimney. The
fiue tile should be securely Joined to-
gether at the joints with fireclay so
that no burned gas can escape through
the lining and disintegrate the brick
or mortar. 1t is advisable to line Chin
neys through which coal gas is to pass
because of the fact that the mortar
often gets loose in the joints SO that
the gas obtains easy access into the
living rooms or chimneys, which causes
considerable annoyance, II nothing
more serious.
Outsiders More Costly.
The cost Of fireplace similar to those
mentioned in this article when in
stalled in a new dwelling as 1t is being
erected. will range from $125 to 5000.
used and upon the question Of whether
Or not 1t is an outside chimney. An
outside chimney naturally will cost
considerably more than an inside Chin
ney. as not only must the brick be Of a
better grade and. consequently. more
expensive, but the labor must also be of
a better grade, as the outside chimney
must be laid up the same as a well
straight and plumb, with all corners
turned square.
Although the question Of pressed
brick against rough-textured brick for
freplaces has consumed a great many
pages in the building trades magazines
in the past year. it is still an open ar
gument as to which is the most desir-
able for inside use. One thing is GER
tain. however. and that Is the fact that
the pressed, smooth brick are more
easily kept clean than the rough-tex-
tured brick; in fact. it is almost i'm
possible to keep the dust out of the
latter, while the former may be washed
or wiped off at any time in few sec
onds. There is one suggestion l would
like to make to those about to erect a
fireplace, and that is to get the mortar
color in contrast to the color of the
brick and not have the joints too thick.
For various red shades use black or
white mortar, preferably the former;
for bull iron spot brick use a dark
brown mortar: for a cream -colored
brick use a gray or brown mortar, etc.
Keep the contrast ever in mind and
your fireplace will be pleasing and
useful as well.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-26

Charles Steinbach. sixty-two, was
struck by a Baltimore and Ohio cleo
trio motor while on his way to work in
Baltimore and badly mangled, dying
later. He had been with the Baltimore
and Ohio railroad for forty-one years.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-26

A good illustration of the way prog
ress must be adapted to local condi-
lions is fur
Must Adopt nished by the
r r.a;4;o experience of big
oo"A American con-.
tracing Arms with native labor. These
contractors are the men who built the
railroads, piers and breakwaters of Luz
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-26

ION and the visayans, who are working
many of the mines and plantations to-,
day. When they first arrived in the ISL
ands they tried to handle Filipino la
got nowhere. They found that work
ingmen were not hired direct. that the
unit was the gang instead of the indi-
vtdual. Each gang had a chief who d.
with the employer for wages. When
the chief was hired. the gang was
hired. When the chief quit the gang
quit.
The Americans tried to do away with
this system and deal with the men di-
rectly. They found that this method
caused needless confusion. and a lower
ing OF efficiency. Direct supervision
by American foremen was contrary to
the customs of the country. and was
resented by the workmen. Now the
gang chief bosses his subordinates and
supervising Americans give their or
ders through the chiefs. If they want
to discharge a man they do not throw
lump of coal at his head and pro-
fanely order him to get his time"
They quietly suggest to the chief that
1t might be wise to replace Jose with
somebody who takes a little more in
terest in life. Next day there is a new
man in Jose's place.
Another novel and disturbing custom
that the American contractors encoun-
tered was the cheerful native habit
OF working only ten days or two weeks
in the month. The men had a certain
lack of energy, due. according to some
specialists, to the fact that their diet
consisted largely of polished rice, with
too little meat. Three days a week was
good average for them. According
to American ideas that would never do.
When a man tried such tricks he was
discharged for good. But losing a Job
is not the tragedy to the Filipino that
it is to the inhabitant of less favored
climes. where the battle for existence
Is dercer. When the native lost
Job he philosophically drtfted away,
and soon there was a shortage of Ia
Dor.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-26
How Manana
Was Overcome

w. n meet local condi-
was overcome. lions. If a laborer
took a week off he was received on
his return as though nothing had hap
pened. and If his Job were open it was
cheerfully given back to him. In or
der to discourage irregularity, every
effort was made to keep the force at
full strength, SO that the erring broth
er might find his place taken when he
came back. but there was no malice
about it. Sorry, but we can't use you,"
said the company. stick around
week or two and maybe there will be an
opening"
So Jose stuck around, watching
meanwhile how his more faithful COM
rades continued to draw their pay and
prosper while he and his family played
tag with the wolf at the door, He
meditated on the virtues of steady en-
that job he was likely to hold it long
time. Also, the companies authorized
bonuses for men who worked more
than twenty-five or twenty-four days
in the month. Today those bonuses are
nearly part of the regular pay roll.
The big employers now are expressing
the greatest satisfaction with Filipino
abor.
So we have a fertile archipelago
lying in one of the most productive
climes on earth-its latitude CORE
spends with that of Central America
and the Canal Zone-waiting for de-
velopment. Only about quarter of
the area is under cultivation. The
labor is there, and it is capable. The
question is only one of arousing en-
thusiasm over agriculture as it has
been aroused over some forms of con-
struction and industrial work. This
accomplished, there will be a big con-
tribution made to the wealth of ma
tions.
Various other elements are involved
in the agricultural problem, but it is
primarily a labor problem. The island
planter has to contend with drought
and with plaques of locusts. which
sweep over whole districts. But with
more general cultivation the country
will be able to afford emergency irri-
CATION systems, and such cultivation
will clean out many. of the breeding
places of the locust. The only thing
that cannot be guarded against is the
occasional typhoon.
In the past cattle disease known as
"rindernestr has hammered apricuJtnra1
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1916-02-26

perfectly comfortable" The nat roof
is still generally employed. and is very
convenient for dwelling houses. as II
affords pleasant sleeping spaces DUR
ing hot weather.
Evening journal., 1916-08-15
old Y.W.C.A. BUILDING
Will soon Be Raced

Increase in the holdings of the Y. w.
c. A. makes necessary a new charter
for that institution j. Frank Ball,
president OF the board of trustees. is
drawing up a new charter for the as
ISOLATION. Other changes required
because OF the new activities the as
ISOLATION has taken on will include
increase in the insurance Of the fur
niture.
These we're some of the announce
ments made al the meeting OF the
board OF managers last night Reso-
buttons OF regret on the death OF Mrs.
Caleb e. Burchenal. corresponding
secretary of the association were
adopted A successor to Mrs. Burch-
email viii not be appointed until the
next meeting
Tearing down OF the old building
at No. 90S King street may commence
at any time. il was announced The
contract is in the hands Of W. Howard
May Plans for the new building will
be completed in about two months
Evening journal., 1916-08-15
WORK Progressing
ON NEW RESERVOIR
Contractors Williams and
Kinnamon Will be One
Year Completing it
RECREATION PLANS
WILL BE FEATURE

Work on the new reservoir at
Eighth and Rodney streets by con-
tractors Williams and Kinnamon, of
Baltimore is progressing. link Broth
ers. Baltimore firm. to whom the
contract for the bank and the excava-
ton work was sub-let, has made con-
ciderable progress in this line One
large steam shovel has been kept con-
stantly a. work on the excavation for
some DAYS.
IL will take about one year to finish
the new reservoir. but its completion
viii be a great benefit not only as to
water supply. but il will furnish a
recreation park for children The top
Of the reservoir is TO be covered with
concrete for a skating rink.
There will be roller skating in sum
Evening journal., 1916-08-15

ring of degrees followed with the re-
gular order Of business in the receiving
of reports, etc.
Under the state of the order il was
reported that there were II Circles in
good standing in Delaware with mem
hership of 55S, an increase Of 80 men.
bers during the year. Amount of money
received during the year from per capita
tax was Sli4.22. The expenses were
S465l
The financial report showed 81 500
paid during the year for. deaths occur.
ing in the state, and so59.50 for sick
benefits. Paid ont for other purposes.
S9li5; total worth of Circles, SO
5934s.