davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-06-08
ALMA

Linwood Bailey bought an auto last
week
Mrs. r. A. Jones was Sunday
guest at Mrs. A. C. Erskines
Clarence Walker has gone to Bos-
ton for a visit with relatives and
friends.
The Progressive Society gave a very
pleasing entertainment in Head Tide
schoolhouse in honor Of Memorial day.
They were assisted by Miss Gladys
Little of Pittston.
Miss Moore of Phippsburg is the
guest Of her brother, M. c. Moore.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-06-08
ADJUSTMENTS
OPERA HOUSE.
Last Times Today Marguerite Clark in
"Wildflower," the Paramount South
American Travel Pictures and 9th
ers.

Miss Marguerite Clark as Lefty
Roberts. dainty and diminutive, gives
most delightful performance in
"Wildfower."
Miss Clark's work is marked
throughout by clever touches. In her
native surroundings, with her rabbits
and puppies and the big doll given her
by Arnold, she is truly achild of ma
ture. When we see her set out for her
elopment with her arms full of rabbit
and doll we feel she is far from wo-
mans estate. There are strong scenes
when Arnold kidnaps the bride who is
not bride, and late" confronts Gerald
with the accusation Of bigamy. There
are situations of light and shade fol-
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-06-08

out at that time that has lived. It has
never been pruned ard grew natural
ly very symmetrical. 1t is of good
height for tree of that spread.
The tree is a Bellefiower. In good
apple seasons the tree yields eight
barrels of apples while in the poorer
seasons it averages four or five bar
rels. Needless to say, Mr.. Partridge is
very proud of it.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-06-08

DR. John f. Wadsworth of Sl1owhc-
gan. a member of the State board OF
examination and registration of nurs-
es, was in the city Wednesday to at
tend a meeting of the board held at
the state House.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-06-08

Trinity Commandery, No I, X T., will
hold a drill tonight at City hall which
from the enthusiasm evidenced will have
large attendance, Lieutenant Farnham,
L. S. A, is military instructor, which in
sures the correct Interpretation of militia
~ tactics.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-06-08

Lombard Camp, No. 2751, Royal
Neghbors of America, will hold its
regular meeting this Thursday eve
ming in Golden Cross hall. Members
are requested to be there promptly ar
80 as there is to be work.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-06-08

lowing Arnold's bringing Lefty to his
own home and his attempt to shield
her by announcing her as his OWE
bride.
Also the South american Travel
pictures, and others. Friday and Sat
urday, Hazel Dawn.-Adv.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-06-08

Wilson Tirrell of Brockton, Mass,
general superintendent of the L. A,
Crossett Shoe Co, passed Wednesday
in the city on business connected with
the local factory.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-06-08

about Memorial day and presented a
very pretty picture. AS one of Mr..
cartridges neighbo:s expressed it the
tree looked like large bouquet The
beauty of the tree is now gone, how
ever, as the recent rains have taken
off all its blossoms.
This tree, which was set out 60
years ago by Mr. Partridge. is the
only one out of five apple trees set
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-06-08

When it comes to beautiful trees
one of the prettiest that has been
seen in the city this season is an APP
pie tree in the garden of Allen Part
ridge 81 Court street. This tree is
40 feet east and west by AZ feet north
and south 1t was in full blossom
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-06-08

Frank S. Adams of West Bowdoin.
f".mer member of the Board of Agri-
culture. was in the city Wednesday on
matters of business and called at the
State House.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-06-08

kennebec River sEad fresh every
morning at Capital Fish Market.
Phone 3ll.-Adv.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-06-08

Alonzo H. Chadbourne left on train
No II at 2.34 Wednesday afternoon for
Bangor, where he will serve on the
jury at the United States court at
/ Bangor, which opened Tuesday.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-06-08
COLONIAL THEATRE.

"Peg O. the Ring" with Francis Ford
and Grace Cunard. the Best Serial
Yet: VIM. S. Hart in "The Aryan"
Is Great Scenes; Pathe News; Key
stone Comedy. All Today for Last
Times.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-06-08

George A. Jones, who was formerly
employed as waitress at the Capital
Cafeteria, has accepted position as
clerk at the store OF the Augusta Fruit
Co. at 294 Water street.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-06-08

Leroy Hussey has arrived home
from the University of Maine to pass
the summer with his parents, Mr.. ana
Mrs. f. A. Hussey, Il Bangor street.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-06-08
COUNTY ATTORNEY
FISHER And FAMILY
HOME FROM SOUTH

Arrive Tuesday Evening from
Forest Glen, Nd, Where They
Attended Commencement EX-
ercises at National Park Sem
mary, Miss Marian Being a
Member of Graduating Glass
Party Accompanied from
Washington by L. D. Flynt
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-06-08

Former Commissioner of Agriculture
J. A. Roberts of Norway was in the
city Wednesday upoE business mat
terS.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-06-08

The Friendly League business meet
ing for June will be held this Thursday
evening. a large attendance is desired.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-06-08

Mrs. Charles H. Austin and sister,
Mrs Harvey L. Parker. Of Belgrade
Lakes, were callers Wednesday upon
friends in the city.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-06-08

United States Senator Charles F.
Johnson OF Watervile has returned to
his home, after a short stay in the
city.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-06-08

Z. r. Austin of Waterville was
among Wednesdays callers in the city.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-06-08

County Treasurer Bert =. Stuart
vas in Winthrop awhile Wednesday
on matters of business
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-06-08

DIR. and Mrs. O. r. Anderson of
Newport were visitors Wednesday in
the city.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-06-08

Lester E. Davis Of Lewiston passed
a portion of Wednesday in the city on
matters Of business nature.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-06-08

II. G.. Horne Of o!tland was a bust
ness caller Wednesday in the city.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-06-08

Mrs. Harry S. Dean has returned
from Boothbay Harbor. where she had
been making an extended visit.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-06-08

Mr.. and Mrs. f. w. Woodbury. of
Bangor returned Wednesday to their
nome after a short visit in the city.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-06-08

Ten low grocery prices in Hersom &
BonsalFs ad today Joint the way, to
savings.-Adv.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1916-06-08
Local Matters

E. w. Pike Of Eastport was a caller
Wednesday in the city.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-01-06
STEAMER RAMS PIER;
SINKS IN OHIO RIVER
Thirty-siX Passengers and Crew
of Forty-five Thought Safe.

Parkersburg. " Va, Jan. 5.-The
steamer Kanawha, owned by the Kan
awha Packet Company, struck pier at
Dam 10. -, about aine miles south Of
here in the Ohio River, tonight and
sank in thirty feet Of water The
steamer carried thirty-siX passengers
and a crew of forty-fve, but Captain
Brady Perry, who landed at Meldahls
Station. near where the accident oc
CURED, thinks that all have been saved.
Since some Of the rescued were taken
10 the Ohio side and others landed on
this side of the river, IT was impossible
tonight. however, to check up the list
of passengers and crew.
Among the rescued was r. y. Beaver,
Of Racine. Ohio. who, with his wife and
three other women. was dragged from
the water and taken TO a nearby farm
house
Seaver said that a lifeboat containing
about fifteen persons got away from
the packet before she sank and was
royyed to the Ohio side Of the river,
When the Kanawha settled, he added,
dozen persons were standing on the
roof in three feet OF water Whether
any Of these succeeded in reaching the
shore has not been ascertalned.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-01-06
TAFT FOR HIGHEST COURT
Judge Parker Proposes Ex-President
for Justice Lamar's Place.

Ex-Prcsidcnt Taft is suggested by
Alton B. Parker as the best equipped
man TO take the place left vacant on the
United States Supreme Court bench by
the death of Justice Lamar. In state
ment given out yesterday Judge Parker
said:
"Thc country has sustained n severe
loss through the death of Mr.. Justice
Lamar He early won and 10 the end
retained the confidence, admiration and
affection Of the bench, the bar and the
people.
Judge Taft should be drafted, if
need be, to fiji the place. II may be
urged that a Democrat should be ap-
pointed. If here is one who has been
subjected TO judicial tests such as has
Judge Tnft tests involving the state
craft as well as the law which come
before that court then his selection
would have equal merit.
THE opportunity is now presented TO
President Wilson TO add TO the strength
of this august tribunal by drafting
Judge Taft"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-01-06
Won PAPEN PROTESTS
SEIZURE OF PAPERS
British Officials at Falmouth De.
prived Attache Of Letters.

London, Jan. Captain Franz Won
Papen, the recalled German military
attach6 at Washington, telegraphed to-
cay from Falmouth, where he arrived
on the Noordam, to the American En-
bassy here, asking it 20 transmit a pro-
test to the State Department because
the British authorities, he declared,
opened his private papers at Falmouth.
Captain Won Papen, in his message,
claimed that personal letters and bank
books Of his we're opened and that some
Of these were retained.
The British authorities who seized
Captain Won Papen's correspondence
ere not worried by possible protests,
as his safe conduct embraced only the
person Of the German military attache
Ceptain Won Papen did not carry any
papers or correspondence from the Ger
man Embassyin Washington, but he
had a large number Of letters from in
diyiduals for delivery in Germany.
Thus far nothing comparable with the
document found in the possession Of
James F. Archibald on his arrival
at Falmouth in the latter part of Au-
gust have been found among the seized
papers.
Captain Won Papen has sailed for
Rotterdam on board the Noordam, leav-
ing some cf his papers in the hands Of
the authorities, who will decide later
on their final disposition.
Il is explained here that if safe
conduct were allowed to cover the per
sonal papers and effects Of bearer,
belligerents might maintain an excel
lent messenger service b. using ex-
PEELED officials for that purpose
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-01-06
BRITAIN LISTS U. S. BONDS
81 Issues. Mostly of Railways. Among
Those II Will Buy or Borrow.

London, Jan. B. The initial list OF the
American securities which the Treasury
is prepared TO buy or borrow under the
mobilization scheme was published to
dav. The list contains ifty-four bond
issues. mostly of American railways. IL
includes also American Telephone ana
Telegraph. General Electric, New YORK
Telephone and United States steel
shares. Canada is represented only by
Canadian Pacific s per cent notes.
Tho railways on the list are the
Santa Fe. Baltimore & Ohio. Central
Pacific. Jersey Central, Chesapeake q
ohio, Chicago. Milwaukee & St. Paul.
Chicago. st. Louis & New Orleans
Erie. Illinois Central, Kansas Clty
Terminal. Lake Shore, Long Island
Louisville d Nashville. the 500 Line
New York Central, Northern Paclhc'
Oregon Short Line, Oregon & Wash
ington. Pennsylvania. Reading, South
ern Railway. Union Pacific, and south.
ern Pacific. An extension OF thls IS'
is promised soon. 80 -.o4
The prices TO be paid vii be posted
Fr;dav. The committee has invited
offers Of any other desirable dollar
securities. .....o.,r,ort
The list contains 10 government T.
state or municipal issues and no STOCK
issues.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-01-06
Antique Furniture
His Leap Year Bait
Thirty Girls Accept Smith,
While II First Would
See Household Goods.

Attention Of carly leap year bargain
hunters in husbands Is respectfully
called to this announcement:
1916 being leap year, Clinton D..
Smith, jr, begs TO announce that he
is still bachelor.
az. B.: His antique furniture goes
with him"
over in Flushing. Long Island, where
Mr. Smith needs no introduction to any
member of the bargain seeking sex, q
recital OF his various qualifications
would Ice superfluous. But for the
benefit of those whose geographical
misfortuncs may have prevented their
acquaintance with this matrimonial OF
fering, they arc herewith chronicled:
Mr.. Smith is thirty-two years old,
the son Of Judge Clinton d. Smith,
enjoys a comfortable income such as
would permit an automobile, necessary
rcrvants and a generous wardrobe. He
is secretary Of the Flushing Country
Club. is looked upon as a gifted tango
dancer, PLAYS golf well and is reputed
70 be more or less handy in mixing
things for luncheons and aftertheatre
dinners. The antique furniture is gen
orally accepted as genuine.
When Mr. Smith dropped $50 neatly
engraved cards bearing this announce
ment into a Flushing mail box on New
Years Day be little thought of the dire
results of his venture.
At a late hour last night the an
nounccmcnt had brought TO the
stunned bachelor thirty absolute ac-
ceptances, ten acceptances with pro-
visos attached, and sevcnty-one in
qurics as to the authenticity Of the
furniture. The returns still are COM
ing IN. but it is evident that the fur
riture has attracted far more attention
than its owner
Both mothers ard daughters in
Flushing are rcticent in discussing this
early Offering. but % Is plain that the
Smith announcement has aroused many
conflicting emotions in the hearts Of
husband seekers. There are those who
outwardly scOrn the offer on the
ground that 10 is too inclusive, others
admit that they have not received the
engraved card and threaten social os-
tracism 90 the neg gent bachelor.
Meanwhile. Smiths gold band circlet
IS iH the ring.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-01-06
AMERICAN PASTOR LOST ON PERSIA,
u. S. EMBASSY IN LONDON HEARS

London SThc American Embassy here has received re-
that the Rev Homer r. Salisbury American was
passenger Oriental liner Persia but that he
not included among the survivors
The Salsburys Tacoma Park, Washington
He boarded the Persia Marsees going 70 JOIN his we VINO
a missionary in India
The Pnnsular and Oriental Steamship Company confirms the
port Salisbury the vessel Marsllcs
Washington Jan. 5-The Rev. Mr.. Salisbury superintendent
Day Adventist missions His mother ves III
Creek Mich and his brother W. Salisbury IN Gendaie Ca
Day Adventist General Conference at Ia
Washington said to-day that Dr. Salisbury was
Lucknow his headquarters He had expected 70
take steamship evidently changed his plans
he have been joined by another
Seventh Day Adventist missionary the trip India
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-01-06
GIRLS REBEL AT KISS EDICT
Colby College Misses Stamp Feet-Mo-
tion Pictures Boys Solace-Grip, Cause
IL r.L.--.-l- L. III. 49,.

Waterville. Me, Jan. g.. Being a col
lege professor isn't all that its cracked
up 20 be, as President A. j. Roberts, OF
Colby College. is learning. Colby is
a co-educational institute and at the
present time Prexy Roberts is trying
hard TO listen to $50 girls at the same
time. The girls are stamping their feet
and making most determined faces. be-
cause the college president issued an
order that they must not kiss any on
or even attend any motion picture
shows.
Thespidemic of grip is said 20 be
responsible for the remarkable edict
Nothing is said about the 25G mascu-
line students going where they please.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-01-06
Fever Kills N. Y. Student.

Philadelphia. jar. 5.-H. VI. Ward. a
member Of the junior class at the Whar-
ton School Of the University of Penn
sylvania and son of George S. Ward,
of 155 Riverside Drive, New York. died
late this afternoon in the Municipal
Hospital Of scarlet fever.
Wards death is the second among the
Students Of the university since Christ
mas. when an epidemic Of the disease
resulted in the quarantining Of the
Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity house.
Ward was a member of the fraternity.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-01-06
Triumph Tor Asquith.

As Mr.. Asquith got into his speech
the applause increased until he seemed
20 be carrying practically the whole
house with him. IL vas a wonderful
triumph for this skilful politician and
leader Patriotism ran higr. and there
was uo need Tor great oratorical ability
% rouse the gathering.
Most Of the Premer's speech wes de-
voted 20 clear exposition Of the de-
tails OF the measure, which the Premie.
declared no abandonment Of rhe priu-
ciple Of voluntary service. In which he
firmly believed. but merely tecIpor
airy measure limited 20 the duration Of
the WAY and confined % coWpar1tiv--
ly small class Of unmarried men. who
had not responded voluntarily 20 the
country's needs.
81 would have been glad 70 do with
out this bill" said the Premier. My
confident expectation had been that no
such measure would be necessary. but
that hope has been disappointed .1d
now consider this bill necessity
The Premier emphasized the pl.ie.
he had given OF resort TO co criptlon
If .hc voluntary enllstment5 under inc
Derby plan did not give adelua re-
suits. As a matter Of national inter
est. as well as expediency, h, regarded
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-01-06
Asks Every Republic
TO Sign Mutual
Defence Pledge.
"ONE FOR ALL;
ALL FOR ONE
DIPLOMATS Regard Plan as
Meant to Crystalline
Monroe Doctrine.

-F-,- TIE Tribune Bureau
Washington. Jan. Proposals
,or formal convention TO be
signed by all the American repub-
p.s have been made by Secretary
lansing 10 their diplomatic repre-
mptatiyes here, with the general
ides Of guaranteeing the territorial
Integrity Of all the signatories and
Of perpetuatiug the republican form
Of government on this hemisphere.
In its International aspects the
,roposal is for the crystallization
., the Monroe Doctrine and for the
definite and formal adoption Of the
poHcy Of zone for all and all for
one" promulgated by Secretary
lansing in his recent address to the
Pan.Americar Scientific Congress.
Concretely. this government pro-
poses;
That the nations Of the American
Continent mutually agree to main
zin the republican form Of govern
rsnt and TO assist one another
against rebellion by the prohibition
Of arms shipments to rebels against
any recognized American govern
ment, and by preventing the or
ganization OF hHbustering expedi-
tons on their soil.
That tie nations Of this hemi-
sphere jointly plelge resistance to
territoria, aggression against any
one Of them.
That the signatories bind them
selves to arbitration or other means
o. peaceful settlement of all dis
putes, including boundary questions,
excep, matters involving national
honor or independence.
Plan Warmly Approved.
In Pan-American circles here the
varmest approval Of the plan is ex-
pressed. A Latin American diplo-
nat declared TONIGHT that his in
r7irie. ....... .,lio.,,,es had failed
!" I1'ea. an. "'laa,.oA oI oPpo['
ton 70 the plan. and it Is generally
believed that u will be carried out.
Emphasis is laid. however, on the
point that no definite proposals have
been r,sto ,- 90 tho nr.ciee manner
:, NIL .L. ......a...;o., ,,.irl no
e. ,...I 7. - oos
-, u '''.' VI ''''''' -,
s0'e ina, all the H'RouaIiohs WIZ
pe carried on ID washington De-
tween the state Department ana the
Aatln-American diplomats. or that
special conference may be called
lv r,,,...l .....-.
T5a ,,,- o.. ,.l,lo 80 ro+ rew All
+. n-ono.sr. tsro hon discnssed in
drlor,s,;. ,;~.r,. t.~o Gov ,ooro than
tyear p-e.,5... yr.lsor ,ras tho first
T. move F., ,s. m...,- and eecondod
b. Secre.arv Brysr bo orictlv mt the
p,ln i, oo..,- .;tb .po i,,cntio, Of
sounding out fcclirc i'm Soptb America
before 8r.v;,, ., tt- nronosols - o
fNrrr.f
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-01-06
DECLARATION" IN DANGER
Capital Fire lmperils Original Copies of
Constitution and independence Charter.


Constitution and independence Charter.
Washington. Jan. Sire early to-
night caused minor damage in the base
ment Of the building that houses the
State, War and Navy departments. The
loss practically was confined 10 odds
and ends stored in the basement.
Stories Of incendiarism were circu-
lated but officials said after investiga-
ton spontaneous combustion generated
in a pile of old rags started the blaze.
Valuable diplomatic documents, mill
tary records and other priceless papers,
including the original copies Of the
Declaration Of independence and the
Com stitution. are stored IN the building.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-01-06

HEADACHE BETRAYS BULLET
Shot Secreted In Mysterious Bump on
Mans Head.

Impelled by severe headache and
the discovery Of large bump on the
back of his head. Frank Fava walked
into the Fifth Avenue police station,
Brooklyn, yesterday.
Don't tell me it's the new kind OF
grip" he said to Lieutenant McGovern,
but there's certainly something the
matter"
DR. Mayes, from the Methodist Epis-
copsl Hospital, decided after some
gentle prodding that the bump inclosed
a bullet. Fava. who lives at 537 Third
Avenue, Brooklyn, couldn't tell when he
was shot
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1916-01-06
p eaCe to MenaCe e
American Prosperity,
Says Steel Head.
NEED OF TARIFF
URGED IN u. S.
Trade to Face Fierce For
eign COmpetitiOn-Re-
adjust Now, Is Plea.

\ warning 70 Congress and Ameri-
can financial institutions and indus
tries TO begin now their preparations
for the inevitable readjustment that
must follow the end OF hostilities
sbroad was issued yesterday by E. II.
Gary, head Of the billion dollar United
States Steel Corporation. Mr.. Gary's
statement. while purporting TO deal
chiefly with the conditions and pros
poets relating TO the steel and iron in
dustry. contains a strong plea for q
protective tariff for those products
which must necessarily meet severe
competition. aided by cheap labor, after
the war.
Because the public declarations OF
Mr.. Gary are few, his words are viewed
as reflex of the best informed opinion
not only of the steel trade generally
but of those large banking institutions
whose activities include the financing
of important industrial enterprises.
Concerning the effect that peace
among the warning nations Of Europe
will have on business in this country
By the withdrawal of the patronage Of
those countries which are now buying
our products, Mr.. Gary predicts that
foreign producers will strive more dill
gently than ever 70 supply those ma
tions that are financially able 10 pay
at prices based upon cheap labor and