davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-05-25

teur, as we'll as every professional
fruit grower. would become a reality.
But until some means of teaching the
differences in the quality of fruits can
be devised the general public will con-
tinue to buy according to the eye
rather than by the palate. The en-
couragement of the cultivation of fine
fruits in the home garden will do
much toward teaching buyers this
discrimination
Besides increasing the fruit supply
and cultivating taste for quality, the
maintenance Of fruit garden may be
made a great source of pleasure. The
possession Of tree which one him
self has planted and reared to fruit
production carries an added interest
in its product. as we'll as in the opera
ton by which 1t was secured. The
unfolding of the leaf, the exposure of
the blossom buds, the development Of
the flowers. and the formation of the
fruit are all processes which measure
the skill of tho cultivator. and when
the browning result Of all these natural
functions has been attained in a crop
Of perfect fruit the man under whose
care these results have been achieved
will himself have been made happier
and better.
To those familiar with the fac,'ities
at command for the culture of fruit
and the general interest in the SUBJ
ject, the remarkable absence Of sue
cessfuI fruit gardens about city, sub
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-05-25
Lost Three Months
Going to Water

The following account Is taken from
an Oklahoma paper:
How many unnecessary steps do
you take each day in your routine OF
work? Just listen to this story Of an
Oklahoma farmer who lost more than
three months in leading horses to
water, and then DO little figuring on
your own part.
In Hughes County, Oklahoma, a
farmer watered his horses from a
spring 400 yards from his barn. Every
time his work horses got a drink the
farmer and his horses walked 400
yards out of their way. One day the
county agricultural agent, T. A. Mil
stead, visited the farm and noticed
that the farmer was taking many I'M
nece ssary steps. The agent suggested
that well be dug near the barn.
1.-THE agent believed that water could
be struck at twenty-three feet. The
farmer doubted this, but said he was
willing to dig fifty feet II he could be
assured of finding a plentiful water
supply. Finally he proceeded to the
digging of we'll, and to the surprise
alike of the farmer and the county
agent. bountiful supply of water was
struck at only eight feet.
"Then the agent and the farmer got
to figuring how much time was saved
by the well. The farmer found that
he spent thirty minutes on each trip
to the spring and back. During the
time he had lived on the farm he had
spent ninety-one days of ten hours a
day leading horses to water. The time
of the horses was also lost;s so the
farmer figured that his eight-foot well
was about the biggest investment. on
his place"
How many farmers could effect an
equal saving by putting in pipe line
and tank or by digging a well?
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-05-25

these parasites hatch into white, mag
got-like larvae which develop in the
body of the caterpillar and then, eat
through its skin and spin little white
cocoons attached to the outside of its
body AS these parasites are mostly
in evidence in September and October
and largely destroy the last generation
Of caterptllars. 1T is unwise at such
times, especially If the white cocoons
are visible, to kill the caterpillars by
other means. w re beneficial para
sites are in evidence and caterpillars
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-05-25

garden. In distinction from an orch
ard, the fruit garden is more restricted
In area: it is intended for home rather
than market purposes, and conse-
quently comprises much greater var
Lefty Of fruits.
Considering the general desire for
and appreciation of fruits by people of
all classes. it Is amazing that even
those who have suitable situations and
facilities for raising them,s and who
can not purchase them because Of re-
moteness from markets. have not
establish ed home fruit gardens.
With the growth OF the commercial
fruit interests of the United States the
home fruit garden has been lost sight
of. Only a few years ago the owners
of home gardens not only led in the
production of fruits, but were our au-
thorities as to how and where to grow
them To- day these gardens. while no
less numerous or important. are over
shadowed by the orchards where fruit
is grown for commercial purposes.
While bolh the home garden and the
orchard are essential to the good OF
the community. they bear very differ
ent relations to the fruit interests OF
the country as a whole. The home
garden is always the forerunner OF
commercial development, and even in
those localities where climatic and soil
conditions are adverse to conducting
such industries on an extensive scale
the home fruit garden OF the enthusi-
estic amateur Is certain to be found.
All the success attained today by the
fruit interests of the United States has
grown out of the persevering efforts of
q few men whose home fruit gardens
served not only as testing stations for
determining the fitness OF given se-ts
for new and untried localities, but they
We're the propagating grounds from
which gorts of the highest quality and
greatest commercial value originated.
The testing of varieties in new To-
calities and the development and dis
semination OF new sorts by the anna
teur is an important work. but the
greatest good accomplished by him Is
to be found In the wholesome inf1u-
ence which he exerts on the commun-
lty in which he lives. A community is
certain to profit aesthetioally as we'll
as financially from the influence Of
such growers. and 1t is to them that
we owe our appreciation for high
quality. A discriminating taste de-
veloped in neighborhood creates a
demand which It pays well to crafty.
and the amateur who grows fruits for
quality will find a ready market in
such section.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-05-25

can be easily gathered, It may pay to
pick them from the leaves and trans
fer them to barrels or large boxes COW
cred with wire netting. This will pre-
vent the caterpillars froms getting out
or falling a prey to birds or other
animals and will insure the issuance IT
the parasites through the meshes. A
few holes, small enough to prevent
tn caterpillar from escaping, should
be bored in the bottom of the barrels
to prevent the accumulation of water
which might drown the insects or
cause them to putrefy.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-05-25

urban, and country residences can be
explained only on the ground that
those who would be most likely to
give attention to their care and main
tenance have no object lessons or
literature at hand to guide them in
laying out such gardens.
Most persons engaging In the oulti-
walton OF a home fruit garden will
have as their chief aim the production
OF fruit for the family table and the
pleasure 1t affords; others will go a
step farther AMI find an added source
of pleasure in the problems of cross
pollfnation and the production Of new
forms. Il majority Of cases. how
ever, the aim will be the one first
mentioned, and it is to assist such that
the suggestions contained in this article
are offered.
In order to prove source OF con-
slant pleasure and qualification fruit
plantation must claim the attention
of its owner from early spring to late
autumn; its products, too, must be so
planned as to cover the greatest pos
sible portion of the seasons between
frosts. The problem presented involves
succession of fruits, from earliest
to latest, as well as a combination of
The intensive culture-and the liberal
feeding to be given demands that all
plants be of types which bear early
and heavily In proportion to their size.
The question Of longevity is Of no
moment; immediate fruit production
is the object With this view of the
question, taken in connection with the
great variety Of conditions pres ented
both by the extent of the country and
the manner of life Of those interested
1t is manifestly impossible to make
general statements.
The interest of fruit garden may
be greatly enhanced by growing there
in plants not adapted naturally to the
climatic region in which the garden is
located, as for instance, the growing
OF figs a s far north as the latitude of
Philadelphia. The summers Of the
region are sufficiently long and warm
to induce strong growth in the =,
but as the fruits normally require
long period in which to mature, the
plant becomes useless as a fruit pro-
Queer unless sufficient protection is
AFFORDED to carry over winter the i'm
mature fruits set the previous fall.
This can be successfully accomplished
in several ways. The most hardy sort
s1ioo Do SoAeS'eu' - duuilioH 10 WHicn
the frufting shoots may be wrapped in
mating. covered with straw. and tie
fruits thus successfully protected: or,
If it seems desira BILE. temporary sheds
may be built over the plants, and these
matched with straw or fodder suff1-
GENTLY to protect them from frost.
Then, again. semihardy sorts may be
tipped over by cutting the roots on
one side, bending the branches close
to the soil, pinning them down, and
then covering the whole plant with
and earth or straw thatch
and earth. At the extreme northern
limit of fig culture it has been found
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-05-25

difficult to sell tho squads from q small
flock at a profit If they have to be
shipped to commission men. As the
period at which Q squad Is right for
market Is not over ono week, It Is
necessary to have @ good-sized flock
to have over one dozen squads ready
for market at one time. A local mar
kst which will take any number Of
squads is great aid to tho small
producer. Where one has a small
fook It usually pays best to build
It up until it is large enough to make
good sized shipm snts Of squads. Thts.
however. requires constant outlay
without any return for some time.
Tho production Of squads from esch
pair OF breeders varies from or 3
TO as high rs 10 or II pairs . year, but
an average of from to Z pairs =
breeders do better than this. Squads
usually sell at the highest prices dur.
ing cold weather, as pigeons do not
breed as freely during the winter AZ
during the spring.
Provided breeding stock was healthy
when secured. cleanliness In pens, ny
against canker and going light" the
most common diseases Of pigeons.
There is very little chance OF making
money from squads unless through
cleanliness In yards and pens is prac-
ticed and pigeons can be kept COM
paratively FREQ from diseases and tn.
sect parasites
The stock should be carefully
watched and any sick birds removed
from the breeding pens. The house
should be kept dry. clean. we'll venti-
lated, and free from drafts. The yards
should be kept clean either by scrap
ing the surface and adding fresh sand
or gravel or by oultivating the land and
planting 1t to grain II possible. Only
good. sound grain should be fed
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-05-25

pens or boxes. 80 to so per cent Of Its
fertility is lost. This loss Is brought
about in two ways: First, by teaching
or washing due to heavy rains; sec
ond, by fermentation or heating caused
by lack of sufficient moisture. Since
concrete pits are waterproof, manure
may be kept in them as moist as may
be necessary aid such an enormous
waste in the fertility of the manure
may thus be entirely prevented. One
load of manure from a concrete pit
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-05-25
DO YOUR HORSES
EARN THEIR BOARD?

Statistics in Minnesota on a number
of farms indicate that the horse is a
costly item Of equipment on the farm.
Assuming average State yields of grain
and hay for the last five years and con-
sidering the amount of feed fed an
nually to horse It is apparent that
the average farmer is giving close to
40 acres of his best land to each work
horse. This is besides the straw con-
sumed and the pasture, which also
may be very productive land. Be sure
the horse is giving you back an equiva-
lent in productive work on a sufficient
acreage.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-05-25

The use Of concrete on the farm is
long past the experimental stage. 1t
is a necessity The first cost Of con-
crete is higher than for structures
built Of wood, but concrete Is much
cheaper in the long run.
For maintaining or restoring the
fertility of the fields, there Is nothing
better than barn-yard manure. By
the ordinary methods of piling manure
on the ground r storing it in wooden
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-05-25
Manure Pit Forms.

Do not forget that dirt In the con-
crete may make pDor wall, go IL the
top OF the earthen wall tends to
orum Bile, hold It back with 1-fr1oh
boards braced against the forms To
Keep out food water, the pit may be
extended inches above the ground by
using the lower half Of 1-foot board
to hold back the dirt. by allowing the
remainder to project above the ground
level, and by adding inches to th,
height Of the inside form.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-05-25

In laying out tho largo pit bear. n
mind that the concrete walls and floors
should be inches thick and make
due allowance for Same when digging.
With q spade trim the sides and the
deep end vertical.
In order to form a stump hole- from
which the liquid manure can be
pumped, in one corner at the deep
end of the pit dig a hola Is inches
deep by ~ feet Tn diameter.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-05-25
FEEDING CHICKS.

For the first three days chicks may
be fed a mixture of equal parts hard
boiled eggs and stale bread, or stale
bread soaked in milk. When bread
and milk are used, care should be ex-
ercised to squeeze all milk out of the
bread. From the third or fourth day
until the chicks can eat wheat and
cracked corn. commercial chick feed is
a good ration.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-05-25
DEPTH FOR OATS,

The best depth to SOW. oats vafies
with the soil and the season. In any
case they should be covered with half
an inch to an inch Of moist soil. They
should be sown deeper In sandy soils
than in loans or clays. Deeper seed
ing is also necessary when the ground
Is dry than when 1t is moist. On the
average the best depth Is from. to / u
inches
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-05-25

Our native species OF catalpa are
comparatively free from insect attack
but there is one insect. however, the
caterpillar of the catalpa sphinx.
which feeds normally and exclusively
on the foliage of these trees aud in
some seasons does very considerable
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-05-25
OF THE HOME FRUIT GARDEN
The Maintenance Of Fruit Garden Brings Employment and as
Interest in Plants Increases Employment Instead
Of Proving Hardship. Will Become Source Pleasure

A fruit garden consists of an as
eemblage Of fruit-bearing trees and
shrubs, maintained for the purpose of
supplying, the family with fruits. In
its general purposes, then. the fruit
garden is intended to accomplish re-
suits similar to those of the vegetable
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-05-25
KEEP THE LAWN CLEAR,

Do not put flower beds on the lawn.
They should be at the rear in the gar
den, or at tho side of the lawn. A
good open lawn is better in every way
than one Uttered with shrubs and
trees.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-05-25

The most intensive system Of grow
ing strawberries is to set the plants
about fifteen inches apart in the rows,
with the rows sixteen inches apart.
and to cultivate both ways.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-05-25
"DoNTs- FOR THE MIXERS

Don't put the can under the cow
until her udder ia clean.
Don't tie 1t too short
Don't put your fingers in the milk
II you want to soften the teats, milk
drop into the palm of your hand and
rub them with this.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-05-25

Manure is just as valuable on the
dry farm as on the irrigated farm, but
must be handled more carefully.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-05-25

that the covering Of earth Is prefer
able to any other method, while at
the South, where only slight protec-
ton is necessary, bending down and
covering with pine boughs or matching
with corn stalks has proved most sue
cessful.
BY the use Of one or the other Of
these methods of protecting plants
the peach has been grown and sue
cessfully fruited in the southern CEN
trail part of South Dakota. along the
Missouri River.
Besides these protective devices,
sheltered places, where growth is re-
tarded in spring, may be taken ad-
vantage OF in order to hold back such
early blooming plants as apricots,
Japanese plums, etc. Apricots planted
ana trained on the north wall of a
building a frequently sufficiently re-
tarded at joining time to insure a
crop, while if planted in the open AMI
trained a. standard" the fruit crop
will be killed ! l. te spring frosts.
For commercial purposes the use Of
most of these protective measures Is
precluded on account of expense. The
commercial grower can not indulge in
such expensive devices unless he has
price for his product In home fruit
garden, however, it is different The
expense of protecting a half dozen
plants is trif1ing, and many amateurs
will incur it for the sake of the novelty
Of securing fruits naturally adapted to
other climatic regions.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-05-25

Small fruits will give returns IN
soils in which vegetables will not do
their best. .....
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-05-25

Farm boys and girls are, as a rule,
Industrious and very anxious To ,--rz !.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-05-25

For specific recommend ations to varieties
of fruits adapted to the various fruit sections
of the United States. send to Washington,
D. c., for Farmers Bulletin No. 20s, Varieties
of Fruits Recommended for Planting"
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-05-25

BOILED alfalfa. chopped, is said to
,e excellent food for laying hens.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1916-05-25

If horses have poor teeth their
grain should be ground.
Warren sheaf., 1916-01-12
Straw and Chaff
This Weeks Historical Prevarications

HIS w tchS 11lSLOTlCdl ITcVdI1CdI1OuS
Monday, Jan. 3.-Sir Walter Raleigh
sends Queen Elizabeth some Indian
trophies for her cozy corner, 1880.
Tuesday, Jan. 4.-Caruso makes the
first photographic record, 171O.
Wednesday, Jan. 5.-Columbus goes
into vaudeville, giving imitation of
the natives of the new world, 1894.
Thursday, Jan. 6.-Julius Caesar
wears the first pair of pants in
Rome, 1872.
Friday, Jan. John Bunyan writes
Fables in Slang" 1910.
Saturday, Jan. 8.-Lillian Russell ap-
pears in comic opera, B. G. 4.
Sunday, Jan. 9.-Trolly cars Install
ed in Athens, B. C. $40.
Learn a Little Every Day.
Coal was first used in London in
124O.s
Niagara Falls is 164 feet high.
A red sunrise, with lowering
clouds, indicates rain.
Fogs indicate settled weather.
The first knives were used in Eng
land and the first wheeled carriages
in France in 1859.
Until 1776 cotton spinning was per-
formed by the hand spinning wheel.
Warren sheaf., 1916-01-12

Deposited in Swedish Amer
ican State Bank, Warren, 16,242.3O
Deposited in Farmers State
Bank of Newfolden, 6,623.s1
Deposited in Citizens State
Bank, Oslo, ...... e,ee5.15
Deposited in First State
Bank, Oslo, 49,. ...... S,43O58
Deposited in State Bank,
Alvarado, -. s,s37.31
Deposited in Farmers State
Bank Of Alvarado, .. s,7O5.2O
Deposited in State Bank Of
Middle River, ..... 10. S,71927
Deposited in State Bank of
Grygla, S,611.53
Deposited in Holt State
Bank, ......... 5,4S9.S2
Deposited in Strandquist
State Bank, .... ...... 6,3S0.21
Deposited in Security State
Bank, Middle River, ~. 7,16461
Deposited in Farmers State
Bank, Holt, ...... -. 4,6s7.51
Deposited in Peoples State
Bank, Newfolden, ..... 6,O3756
Deposited in Farmers State
Bank, Grygla, -. $50. 3,519.5O
Deposited in Citizens State
Bank, Grygla, .. 3.5049S
s223,69336
A. N. Lodoen
Carl F. Adolphson,
A. S. Rokke,
o. Enge,
A. o. Fladeland
On motion the following bills were
audited and allowed:
A. N Lodoen, mileage Board
meeting Jan. 4th, 5th and
oln $E.2O
A. 0. Fladeland, mileage
Board meeting Jan 4th, 5th
and 9Th, $3.50. ............. 1440
10. Enge, mileage Board meet
ing JAM 4th, 5th and 9Th, 4.6O
Christ Hjelle, draying, ..... 1000
On motion adjourned to Feb 8th,
1916 at 10 o'clock A. M.
A. o. Fladeland,
Chairman County Board,
Marshall Co., MINI.
Attest:
A. G. Lundgren,
County Auditor.
Auditors Seal.
Warren sheaf., 1916-01-12
Order Setting Off Freeholder From
One School District to Another

One School District to Another
Whereas, The petition of August w.
Vieth, freeholder of School District
No. go, in this County, with the ap-
proval of the County superintendent
endorsed thereon, representing that he
is the owner of the lands hereinafter
described, which are situate in said
School District, and that there is just
one quarter of prairie land between
me and section TO-, and asking that
his said lands may be set off from
said District No. so to said District
No. 10. for the following reasons:
My children have been going to
Dist No. 10 and was under the i'm
preston that I belonged to this dis
trict, and it is much more convenient
for me to have them attend Dist No
10, as I pass there about 3 times each
week and seldom pess Dist. No. so,
and can see to it that they attend
school more regular.
was presented to the County Board, of
this County,at a session of said Board
held on the End day of Dec. A. D.
1915, for the action of said Board
thereon; and Whereas, it was there
upon ordered by said Board that a
hearing should be had on said petition
at session of said Board commence
ing on the 9Th day of Jan. A. D., 1916
at the County Auditors office in the
City Of Warren, in said County;
and Whereas; it was further or
dered in and by said order that
notice of the time and place Of
such hearing be given by post
ing a notice of said hearing in
three public places in each of the
School Districts to be affected by
said petition, and by serving upon the
Clerk of each of said school districts,
personally copy of said notice, at
least ten days before the time ap-
pointed for such hearing. and by
giving two weeks published notice
thereof in the Warren Sheaf, a duly
qualified newspaper printed and pub
lished at Warren, in said County, and
whereas, at the said session of said
Board commencing on said 9Th day of
jan, A. D. 1915, proof of the due pub
lication, posting and service of said
notice of hearing as therein directed
and required, more than ten days
prior to said last named date, having
been made and filed, said petition was
publicly read and considered by the
Board, with everything which was
said by said interested parties for or
against granting the prayer of the
petitioner and being satisfied from all
the evidence produced at such hear
ing that the allegations of said petit
tion are true and said Board being of
opinion that the prayer of said peti-
| toner should be granted, it is hereby
ordered and determined, that the
/ following described lands owned by
him. to-wit: NEA Sec. 80, Twp. 1856,
! Range 49,be and the same are hereby
set off from school district No. 60 to
said school district No. 10, and said
| lands are hereby made a part of said
last named school district for all pur-
poses whatever
BY order of the County Board
| Dated the 9Th day of Jan, A. D.
1915.
A. o. Fladeland,
Chairman Of the County Board,
Marshall Co., Mimi
Attest:
A. 6. Lundgren,
County Auditor and Ex-Offcio
Clerk of Board.
Seal.