davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-01-27

The dog in the country is a usefu
and pleasant adjunct to the farm IL ne
is properly controlled and cared TOT
but when neglected, may readily De-
come q carrier of disease to stock, !.
addition to gaining opportunity to XII
sheep and destroy gardens and othel
property. Dog ordinances, as a gen
eral rule, have been intended chiefly
to curb the dogs power CT doing harm
by attacking, biting. killing or run
ming sheep or stock. The part n a ne
plays as :. carrier Ut diseases to AMI
mails only recently has been recog.
nized, according to the Department OF
Agriculture, which has issued a bull
letin ono. $500 on the subject, THE
Dog as a Carrier Of Parasites and Dis
eases" a
OF the diseases carried to stock by
dogs, the foot-and-mouth disease is
probably Of the greatest interest at
this time. In this case the dog acts as
a mechanical carrier Of infection. The
dog which runs across In infected
farm easily may carry in the dirt on
his feet the virus Of this most conta-
gious of animal diseases to other farms
and thus spread the disease to the
neighboring herds. In infected local.
ties it is absolutely essential, therefore,
to keep all dogs chained and never to
allow them of the farm except on
leash.
There are, however. many other
maladies in the spread of which the
dog takes an active part-rabies, hy-
datid, ringworm, favus, double-pored
tapeworm, roundworm. and tongue
worm are often conveyed to human
beings in this way. 1t occasionally
happens also that tho dog helps neas
ticks in transmitting bubonic
plague or the deadly spotted fever.
Hydatid disease 10 caused by the
presence in tho liver, kidneys, brain,
lungs, and other organs, Of a bladder
worm or larval tapeworm. Bladder
are often AZ large as an orange
and may be larger. A dog which is
allowed to feed on cArrion or the raw
viscera Of slaughtered animals may
eat all or part of q bladder worm con-
tanning numerous tapeworm heads.
These tapeworm heads develop into
small segmented tapeworms in the in
testines Of the dog. The tapeworms
IN turn OoVeAOp e89S WAAASAA ~ P@@Soo
out In the excrement O. the dos. They
are spread broadcast on grass and In
drinking water whore animals can
very we'll eat them and thus become
infected. The hog IL particularly IL
able to this disease because of its root
ing habits. h eggs may get into
human food, and persons who allow
dogs to lick their hands and face also
run the risk Of getting the eggs Of the
in their syBtems.
Prevention on the farm consists In
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-01-27
GOOD BUTTER
ALWAYS IN DEMAND

There is plenty Of room today for
tho private dairyman who wants to
market his cream in tho form Of but
ter. Because the creameries have
nearly monopolized tho retail city
trade IL no reason why butter made
on the farm should not compete sue
cessfully with the best of the, cream
cry butter. This class Of butter.
which is made from but one herd Of
we'll bred cows and from separated
sweet milk, should form one of the
most delicious articles Of food, and
can always command fancy prices
when 1t reaches the right people. It
requires some business ability to work
up a select trade for any home prod
uct, yet 1t is not al all dimcult to
create a demand for a certain brand
of butter among those who know a
good article when they see or taste It,
and are willing to pay a little extra
for what suits them. o
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-01-27

Cross Sections Of Potato Of Poor
Quality, Small Cortical Layer and Large
Thick Internal Medullary Layer
manner Some varieties show greater
resistance than others and should be
grown when any disease is prevalent.
Treatment Of the seed and spraying OF
the vines are more effective If the
work IL well done. 1t would be desir-
able, however, for the potato specialist
to develop resistant varieties. There
Is at present, no such thing AZ pota-
toes immune to the common diseases.
The time Of planting should be reg
ulated in accordance with the soil, cli-
mate and market conditions. Early
planting usually gives the best results.
the time to plant.
The method Of planting varies to
some extent, but where large areas
are to be grown the machine planter
is the only practical way. II a good
planter Is used and r Is taken to
regulate it good work can be done.
Depth Of planting is another prac-
tice which should be regulated by sew
eral conditions, soil, climate, time Of
planting, moisture and cultural meth
DDS. In dry seasons deep planting is
best, when everything is considered,
three to four inches will prove to be
the best depth to plant. Less than
three inches would be considered shall
and more than four inches deep
planting. Four inch planting gave
Az per cent heavier yield than three
planting and 8 per cent more
than any greater depth Of planting, in
experiments in planting 8, 4, s. 8. Z
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-01-27
PROTECT THE FRUIT TREES.

If your young trees were mulched
and not properly protected from mice
and rabbits, you will probably be sur
prissd when you visit the orchard to
md that many Of them have been
ruined. Mulch Is q good thing for the
trees. but It Is also a good thing for
mice, a. 1t affords them tho best pro-
lection during tho winter and thoy
gather In largo numbers around the
foot Of tho trees and eat away the
bark. .3 sto
Protection 10 easy. The best mate
rial IL wire screening, although some
use tarred paper and veneer from
wood. Some orchardists practice
tramping snow around the base Of
their trees, but oftentimes this 10 neg
lected and the trees are injured be-
fore the work is accomplished. The
protectors should be pressed into tho
ground deep enough to prevent the
mice from crawling under. Personally
I prefer wire screening, but In case
tarrsd paper is used it should be
promptly removed in the spring to
prevent injury from scalding. g. ,
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-01-27
DOGS AS CARRIERS OF DISEASE TO STOCK
BY NJ. G. HALL. PHI. ID.

SO restraining the Dig that he can not
get at carbon or raw yiscera. Viscera
should be boiled before being fed to
dogs and should never be thrown on
the field: If not cooked and fed,
viscera and carcasses should be
burned, huried with lime, or so dis
posed of as not to be accessible to
dogs. Proper feeding Of the dog is
essential, and the owner who does not
feed a dog properly has no right to
keep M
The parasite which causes gid in
sheep somewhat resembles the hy-
datid worm. A dog allowed to eat
the brain Of a, giddy sheep may swal-
low this parasite and later distribute
the eggs Of the resulting tapeworm
over the pasture. Sheep while graz
ing swallow the eggs with the grass
which they eat. In the case of sheep
dogs 1t Is important to administer YER
mifuges often enough to keep them
free of these worms. In the case of
sheep measles, the bladder worm in
the meat, typical of this disease, 10
swallowed by the dog and again the
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-01-27

Frequent inspection Of the field should
be practiced to Gull out all except the
very best plants.
h best practice In raising seeds Is
to carefully remove side shoots and
suckers from selected plants and to
top the main crop before the flowers
expand, to prevent cross fertilization
with the seed plants. Stripping tho
seed plants should be avoided since
the leaves are Of little value and are
develop the seed.
The harvesting and testing Of to-
bacco seed requires special attention
on the part of growers IL the best re-
suits from selection Of seed plants are
to be obtained. The seed stalk should
be cut off when the seed pods are
thoroughly ripe, before frost appears.
and hung in a dry place to cure for
about two months. The seed can then
be beaten out Of the pods. To clean
a small supply OF seed an ordinary
hand sieve will suffice. All light. small
seeds and dirt should be removed. For
cleaning a large quantity of seed a
special device, which cleans the seed
by forcing a current Of air through 1t
will ave much labor. 1t Is very i'm
portant to thoroughly test the seed to
be sown and this may be done in an
ordinary saucer with two pieces of
plotting paper between which tho
seeds are placed. moistened and kept
in a warm place until the virile seeds
terminate. A low termination test in
dictates weak seeds from which strong
plants cannot be expected. Growers
should select their own seed from the
best plants or some one grower In tho
neighborhood may become the seed
grower for that district.
Basis for seed selection: The selec-
ton Of individual plants should be
based IN the following points:
/. Vigor Of the plant.
2. Spread and shape Of the leaves.
8. Number and arrangement Of the
leaves on the stalk. ..s.
4. Prominence Of the mid-rib.
s. Texture and hinness Of the
leaves.
6. Liability to produce suckers.
7. Color Of the leaves.
8. Attachment of the leaves to tho
stem.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-01-27

Head of . Dog Split in Hall Il Show
Three Tongueworms in tho Nasal
Cavity. ..
tapeworm eggs are passed by the dog
to grass or water, and there are
eaten by sheep.
OF the external parasites which dogs
may carry to animals hsas and the
various kinds Of ticks are both trou-
blelesome and dangerous. Tho rem
edy is clear. The owner must keep his
dog clean. not merely for the comfort
and happiness OF the dog. but to pre-
vent It from becoming a carrier Of
d~isagreeabls and dangerous ,vermin.
These reasonable, measures. import
ant to the stock on the farm, have a
direct connection with h health Of
the family. Where r1ngworm or other
skin diseases break out among tho
children. or the worn parasites de-
|velop, it is, we'll to determine whether
. dirty or u~ncared-for dog may no. be
carrying infection on his skin or hair.
or be conveying disease from carbon
directly to the food and persons Of his
friends. Even If no one Is infected
with disease, the folly Of allowing a
dog to remain dirty and have the free.
dom of a home where personal clean
illness and hygiene are respected, y
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-01-27

Sketches Showing How the Width
M0f tho Leaf Increases the Number Of
NCI6ar Wrappers and Binders Which
G. ny Be Secured from a Single Leaf.
EAt the Left Marrow and Broad Leaves
#AEe Shown, Marked az They Would Be
aOat for Binders, Two Being Secured
sffom tho Marrow Leaf and -Four from
tho BROAD Leaf with More Waste I'm
tho Small Leaf. At the Right Two
SIaaves arc Marked as They Would Be
SCut for Wrappers Showing How the
Brood Leaf Yields -Four Long Wrap
&pers and tho Narrow Leaf Only Two.
MAst prizes Al contests with the leaf
therefrom. Over 700 pounds
4of this reed was distributed during
one yeAr.
The basis Of seed selection for the
Grower II to choose the best variety
'$now grown In his locality and by care
fully inspecting the crop, mark the
superior plants and preserve them for
seed. The selection Of individual
plants should be based upon the fol-
lowing points: vigor. spread and shape
Ssof leaves. number and arrangement,
Spromfnence Of midrib, texture and
gthinness, liability to produce suckers,
color. attachment Of leaves to stem.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-01-27
BLOODY MILK.

Bloody milk is caused by a derange-
ment of the glands Of the udder. The
trouble Is not contagious and the milk
from the teats that do not give bloody
milk is fit for use. Battle the udder
for fifteen minutes with cold water
after each milking, then inject a tea
spoonful of the following into the teat
or teats that the bloody milk comes
from after each bathing Mix 20
grains Of tannic acid, 2 ounces of
.glycerine, 2 ounces Of water. Shake
up before using. Continue this treat
ment for several weeks II needed,
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-01-27
PROPER SELECTION AND BREEDING OF POTATOES

and 3 inches, respectively. Deep
planting produced the best quality
and tho larger per sent Of mer-
charitable tubers. Deep planting
will be found advisable on weedy
land as the harrow may then be used
freely without endangering what is
meant by quality in potatoes. In some
countries a heavy, soggy cooking po-
tato Is thought to possess the highest
quality. In the United States most
people prefer a potato which will be-
come mealy when cooked. The po-
tato should not, however. be 30 starchy
that 1t will break tho skin or fall to
pieces before becoming cooked. For
slicing and frying q soggy potato Is
desirable. From these statements It
will be seen that quality in potatoes IL
dependent upon ones taste.
Msaliness IL dependent upon the
variety and tho soil, climate and ma
turity. A dry sandy soil produces tho
mealiest potatoes. An immature po-
tato seldom cooks we'll and from our
standard IL Of YER poor quality. If
the tubers are 30 green that the skin
Is easily bruised they will be inferior
In keeping quality. Maturity is indi-
Gated by a corky surface and the pres
nee Of lenticles. When the vines are
badly injured by insects or diseases,
the tubers do o mature and such =
crop will have a poor quality.
There are many. characters which
indicate quality, percentage Of dry
matter, size. specific gravity, appear
ance, flavor, surface, smoothness, color
of skin and flesh, depth of eyes and
These Characters need no
further description.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-01-27
RESULTS OF

The writer visited an orchard in
Pennsylvania late in the fall just
as the apples were being stored as
gathered from the trees and 1t was a
genuine pleasure to see tho bins of tho
fruit house filed with the splendid
fruit. The owner Of the orchard be.
lieved in spraying and his apple.
showed IT.. The most pleasing feature
Of all was to find the annual sprayinga
had cleared the trees Of scale, not a
trace Of the pest being visible on any
Of tho fruit, while the trees appeared
entirely free from 1t.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-01-27

Next tn the potato. the tomato
stands, perhaps, at the head OF the n',
OF garden vegetables In commercial
Importance. In Maryland. New Jar
sey, Delaware, Ohio, indiana. n e
a rapidly %increasing extsnt In Wes'
Virginia, the crop 10 Of special I'm.
portance, while tho greenhouses OF
New York and New England and thu
newly developed truck fields OF F1or-
ida endeavor to supply the demand fos
this fruit in winter.
By Ear; the larger portion OF the
area devoted to this crop 10 employed
In supplying fruit for the canning fao-
tories, and It 10 the demand OF the can
neries which more than any other has
given the great impetus to tomato Gull
ture.
It is shown that the canning indus
try has Increased from . PACK OF
about 5000 900 cases Of - cans each
to 10, 900, 900 cases In ten Year,. FRO
lessor Munson, Of West Virginia Elk
pertinent Station. states that the aver
age yield per acre In this country. %
grown for the canneries. 10 15S to 1bo
bushels, but that the man who makes
a speciality of tomatoes will not %
content with less than twice the
amount named. 1T is better to culti-
vate fewer acres and cultivate them
well than to attempt to cover too much
ground. Even at 200 bushels per acre.
however, tho returns will be far
greater than can be derived from
wheat, corn, or other farm products
In field culture n OF the most I'M
portant problems in tomato culture ID
that Of earliness. A. = rule, plants
purchased Of the local dealers are
drawn and "leggy," being crowded TO-
gether in small boxes. When set IN
the fields too often the soil Is hard and
dry and the shock is such that several
weeks are required for the plants to
and no fruit sets until ate In
the season. In general. the weak
plants are not worth setting.
The notion that tomatoes do better
upon relatively poor soil is erroneous.
While 1t Is doubtful II an excessively
heavy application Of stable manure
would be profitable, q liberal applica-
ton, such a. would be given for a
good crop of corn, may nearly always
be used with advantage. Some of the
best tomato soils are the newly cleared
areas designed for orchard planting.
On these soils an application Of 500
pounds Of a good high grade complete
fertilizer will usually be found advan-
Trimming the vines In mid
as a mean Of Fastening ma
turity and increasing the yield Of fruit
Is frequently recommended, but sell
dom practiced, eve by amateurs. In
the writer's experience the results OBJ
justify greater emphasis OF this
Tomato Growing in Winter.
Successful tomato culture under
glass depends as much upon the man
in charge as upon conditions. Eternal
vigilance and the exercise Of good
Judgment on the part of the grower
more essential than strict adher-
ence to set rules. The crop is one
which demands constant care and in
telligent management, but under suit
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-01-27
BY j. H. SHEPHERD.

fusion as to inheritance Of characters.
The tuber grows at the end of a short
underground stem of which 1t Is an
enlarged portion. Our commonly
cultivated varieties seldom blossom
and produce seed, and this method Of
reproduction Is not employed except
by potato breeding specialists. The
proper method for the potato grower Is
to select tubers from the best plants
always starting with the best variety
possible to secure.
Selection for disease resistance may
and should be practiced. This cannot
be done with entire satisfaction unless
the soil is badly infested with diseases,
a condition which the practical grower
should avoid. Blights and rots may
be overcome to a certain extent In this
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-01-27

loan and n part well-rottsd stable
manure, IL filled In to within 3 or 3
inches of tho top. Each box will hold
4 plants. and the check caused by the
partial confinement OF the roots seems
to be of value in hastening maturity.
II the solid bed 10 used instead Of the
boxes, the plants are set about is
inches apart each way, thus occupying
a little more than IN square feet Of
floor space for each plant.
Best returns usually follow whore
h plants are trained to q single
stem. Flax cords. about the size of
wool Irvine, are fastened to the cor
ners OF the boxes or to wires placed
parallel to each row. for that purpose,
and attached above to wires running
lensthwiss Of the building. on the
~rafters or sashbars. The plants are
secured loosely to this support by
means Of short pieces Of rama. All
side shoots should be pinehed out as
soon ~ they appear; and when the
plants are about s feet high, or when
| 1 clusters OF fruit have SET, the ter
minal buds should be pinched of.
The vitality Of the plant will thon be
expended in the development of fruit.
II the plants are not headed back,
other fruit clusters will form, but
these scattering later clusters will
unduly prolong the fruiting season
without giving SUFFICIENT financial re-
turn to warrant delaying the removal
Of the old plants.
Az tho fruit sets the clusters should
be supported by . Of q small cord
or piece of raf1a passing around the
main stem above a leaf, thus forming
a sling. At this time, too, 1t Is well
to stir the surface Of the soil and
work in a quantity Of well-rotted
manure or to give frequent applica-
tons Of liquid manure
The temperature of the house
should be as nearly uniform as posi-
ble-about so degrees r. at night AMI
10 degrees in lark weather. but so
degrees or even highe- IN bright
sunny days. All cold drafts and sud-
den changes of temperature should
be rigidly avoided.
AS regards profits fro!a fare.rs
tomatoes. Professor H1rrson stars
that his experience is limited to N,--ew
York and New Engan v>c-e owilfy
to the low temperatures aud the ey-
ccSSlVe numDSr oil ua'N. ciUulNs od!S.
the yields We're. not large.
In Maine the yield per plaEt with
the best forcing varieties was ~ to
8 pounds. In New Jersey the avera y
yield reported is somewhat large.
On the bass of 5 pounds per plant.
however Ike returns at 80 cents per
round. O. - cents at wholesale. are
very rr.s.tA:e,, being about SO cents
per So. .'fcot of bench space for
each e.. OF. course these figures
can mo- ways be relied upon. for
unforeseen conditions frequently arise:
but. on the other hand, the expert
enced gardener will by the use o.
other crops, as lettuce, r%adishes. ar
cucumbers, utilize he space in the
house SO as to provide against the
unforeseen factors. The opinion Is
expressed that "as a simple business
proposition" tomato growing offers eS-
cellent opportunities.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-01-27

a great deal Of neglect, although one
should not purchase a plant with that
particular end in view. The iron plant Is
naturally a long-lived plant. sending
up new leaves from the DOT even
though not we'll taken care of.
The leaves are glossy and Of a bright
dark, rich green, with lines Of white
or very light green running through
them. They are sometimes compared
to the leaves Of growing corn, 50
healthy and hardy are they.
A good fertilizer for house plants is
made of two ounces Of ammonium
phosphate, one and three-fourths
ounces sodium nitrate, and one and
one-half ounces ammonium sulphate.
Mix and dissolve in five pints of water.
Four ounces of this solution should
be mixed in nve gallons of water for
feeding plants.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-01-27
Il RAISING N

Tho secret Of making money from
sheep in the corn belt is breeding the
best mutton rams to rangs-bred ewes
and having the lambs dropped In cold
weather.
It IL a well-kown fact< that, pound
for pound Of grain, forage and fodde,
fed a mutton lamb, as a rule, will pay
better returns than any other domes-
tic animal.
The secret Of the English shep'
herds success lies in the fact that he
considers tho sheep an animal to be
cared for and coddled, from birth to
sale, .@H,
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-01-27
GOOD PROFITS FROM WINTER TOMATO GROWING

able conditions tho returns are very
satisfactory, and tho product meets Z
ready demand at good prices.
The most important conditions fol
forcing tomatoes re; A warm. light
house-one having a two-thirds spar
facing the south being preferable
strong bottom heat, rich soil. careful
training. uniform temperature. care In
watering and pollinating, and, a. he
fore suggested. good judgment and
constant watohfulness on tho part OF
the grower. Bottom heat II not abso-
lutsly essential to success, but the
crop natures more quickly II given
this condition.
To make the best Use Of the house
two crops should be grown during the
season This will bring each crop on
~ . season when the expense Of heat