davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-13
PLAN NEGOTIATIONS,

Washington, D. c., July ia COM
munication from Mexico City reach
ing Eliseo Arredondo, Mexican am
bassador designate, today is under
stood to contain. instructions as to
the form Of the negotiations by which
settlement Of differences between the
United States and Mexico will be un-
dertaken. .., $.
After a talk with \Acting Secretary
Polk, Mr.. Arredondo said details of
the proposed negotiations had not
been settled but that he expected to
be able to make an announcement
within few days. The subject dis
cussed is said to have been the selec-
tion Of commissioners to represent the
respective governments in formal con.
versations. ..... ....
Henry P. Fletcher, American am
bassador to Mexico, was present at
the conference.
Mr.. Arredondo said informal con-
ferences with Acting Secretary Polk
were progressing favorably.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-13
DEPOTS NOT
IN RIGHT PLACES

Washington, D. C., July IL. A pro-
posal that an army quartermaster de-
pot be established in each COMPRESSION
al district to hasten equipment Of ma
tional guard troops called In an emer-
gency probably will grow out Of recent
mobilization activities. Delay In sup
plying the men with clothing and camp
equipment, said Brig. Gen. Henry e..
Sharpe, acting head of the quarter
master corps, today, is due to tho pre-
sent depot system and not to a short
age.
Gen. Sharpe has sought for years to
have an extensive depot warehouse
system established. It Is now neces-
sary to send mobilization supplies from
Philadelphia, st. Louis or San Fran
cisco.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-13
BIG BATTLE| IS
I. ON IN MEXICO
Villa Forces Engage Army
of Carranza in South
Part of Chihuahua
CARRANZA LEADER
SENDS FRESH MEN
Former Bandit Chief Tells
of Receiving Plea to
Return to Cause

chihuahua City, Mexico, July 11-
Heavy fighting is now proceeding b.
tween de facto government troops un-
der Gen. Ernesto Garcia and q largo
force Of Villistas are at Cerro Blanco
some miles below Parral, according TO
dispatches received today by Gen.
Jacinto Trevino.
Gen. Garcia reported that he was
engaged In holding the bandits until
the forces under Gen. Matias Ramos
and Gen. Domingo Arr1eta, now pro-
ceeding up the railway from Jiminez
arrive.
Con. Hilario Rodr4guen, q villista
leader, who Joined Canuto Reyes in
surrender1ng to the government few
months ago, has Informed Gen. Trev-
ino that he has received a personal
letter from Villa in which the bandit
chief pleaded with him to return to
his old allegiance and to Join him in
resisting the Yankee invaders"
This letter was dated June Ii at San
Juan Bautista.
Gen. Rodriguez stated he had no
sympathy with efforts to divide the
country and was determined to help
Carran1a authorities restore order.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-13
FEDERAL RESERVE 3D..
BOOSTS DISCOUNT

Chicago, July 12.--Member banks of
district seven were today advised by
the federal reserve bank Of Chicago
that the discount rate applying to ma.
turtles from thity-one to sixty days
has been advanced one-half Of one per
cent. The current rates are as fol-
lows: 31k per cent for maturities
within ten days; 4 per cent for matur-
tiles from eleven to thirty days: Az
per cent for maturiues from thirty-one
to ninety days, and per cent for
maturities from ninety-one days to six
months.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-13
WAR SUM MARY.

German resistance to the British Of
fensive along the Somme front took
the form last night of strong counter
attacks which at two points made
dents in the line established by Gen.
Haig's army. Heavily reinforced,
the Germans made a determined drive
at the British front. According tolthe
British, all attacks were futile ex-
cept those directed at Mametz and
Trones woods in the Montauban sec
tor of the British right, where some
ground was gained by the German col
umns.
The French have not resumed their
offensive in the Somme region, Paris
reporting that the night there passed
quietly.
There has been notable activity in
the Verdun sector. The crown
princes troops, after their success of
yesterday in Fumin wood and at the
Damloup battery where they gained
a footing, struck at the French in the
vicinity OF Dead Man hill, west Of
the Meuse. The attacks there were
repulsed.
To the east Of the Meuse the French
report having reoccupied some of the
ground lost in the Fumin wood re-
gion. They also drove the Germans
out Of trenches near Reillon, In Lor-
raine, where footing had been gain
ed and carried out further successful
surprise operations in the Champagne.
The Italian offensive has been push
ed recently, not only in the Trentino,
where the Austrians have been driven
back long distances from their far
thest points Of advance, but along the
Isonzo, where Gorilla Is the objec-
tive
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-13
HARMONY RULES
STATE MEETING
Of DEMOCRATS
OVATION Is GIVEN CANDIDATE
MEREDITH WHEN he MOUNTS
the PLATFORM.

Des Moines, July IL. -B. T. Mere
dlth of Des Moines, democratcscandi-
date for governor. was given q tremen-
dous ovation today when he mounted
the platform at the opening Of the state
democratic convention. The delegates
cheered their standard bearer In the
state campaign for FIVE minutes.
Harmony was the rule at all the dis
said the delegates smoothed out their
differences overnight and the wayS
were creased for a harmonious session.
Following were the important commit
tee appointments:
State central committed:
First district-A. e. Johns, TT. MAdt
son. "-'
Second-A. A. Balluf, Davenport.
Third-Harry Cook, Eagle Grove.
Fourth-E. J. Fenling. New Hamp-
ton.
Fifth-John H. Hughes, Cedar Rap
ids.
Sixth-G. w. Godfrey, Abba
Seventh. s. Hill, Des Moinos.
Eghth-Dr. J. w. Reynolds, Creston.
NINTH. J. Hughes, Council Bluffs.
Tenth-W. I. Brannagan, Palo Alto
county
Eleventh-Dr. v. b. Herbert. Storm
Lake. 2I..
Resolutions:
First district. P. Cruikshank, TT
Madison.
second-w. J. Macdonald. Iowa
City.
Third-John Govern, Delaware
county.
Fourth-F. A. O'Connor. New Hamp-
ton.
F1fth-s. w. Dewolff. Gundy
county.
Sixth-Senator John Clarkson, Abba
Seventh-H. H. Crenshaw, Des
Moines
Eighth-V. Il. McGinness. Leon.
Ninth-E. A. Schell, Harlan
Tenth-Senator G. L. Caswell. Dent'
son.
Eleventh-Fred Free, Sioux City.
The resolutions committee went into
session Immediately after the conven.
ton was called to order. 1t was auth
oritatively asserted that the platform
would reaff1rm the faith of the party
in the prohibitory law and would con
tain recommendation for resubmis
sion to the people Of constitutional
amendment providing for state wide
prohibition.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-13
RU8eIAks DEFEATED.

Berlin. July IL. Russian troops,
which attempt to establish themselves
on the left bank of the Stokhod river
in the advance toward Kovel, were at
tackled by German troops and defeated
the war ONCE announced today.
German troops on the right bank Of
the river Mouse yesterday pushed for
ward their positions to point nearer
Souville and the Laufee works, taking
thirty-nine officers and 2,106 men, says
the official statement issued today by
the German army headquarters STAFF.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-13
WILSON TO MAKE
PERSONAL PLEA

Washington, D. c., July 12.-Presi-
dent Wilson today told large dele
cation of representatives Of Polish
organizations that he would make per-
sonal efforts to get relief to the starv-
ing in Poland. It is understood he is
considering a personal appeal to the
rulers of the nations involved to allow
distribution of food. The state de-
partment already has made one such
appeal.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-13
ALLIES PLEASED
BY GAINS MADE
IN OFFENSIVE
eRIToNe WAIT FOR THE NEXT
DIG DRIVE TO De lNsTITUTED
BY GEN hAiG.

London, July 12.-Although the ex.
tent Of ground which has been gained
by the British offensive is not great,
there is general satisfaction in Eng.
land at the success attained by the
army Of Gen. Haig during the twelve
days of fighting and the belief exists
that the advantageous positions now
occupied will make possible greater
achievements.
The capture of Contailmason, Metz
and Trones woods gives the British a
line running almost due east and west,
so that the Germans to the north can
be attacked on the flank when the
guns are brought up for the second
phase Of the operations. To the south
of the river the French are in q posi-
tion somewhat similar to the British
and likewise can attack the German
flank south of Belloy and Estrees. For
the moment, however, the two armies
are engaged in preparing their new
positions.
Meanwhile, the Germans, renewing
the attacks on Verdun. have captured
Damloup battery, which they held for
time at the beginning Of June. This
position 1s the point 1urtheSt from
Verdun in the French line of defense,
so that it's loss is not taken seriously
by the French command.
In tho east the Russians are engag-
ed in heavy battles in the extreme
northwestern portion of Bukowina,
where they arc innicting further do
feats ON the army OF Gen. Phan5er.
now c,,t M from Hon Won Rothuaapsa
forces to the north and also along the
Stokhod river, where the Austrtans
and Germans are putting up formid-
able resistance. The Stokhod is q
shallow river but marshes on either
side impede movements Of troops and
guns.
Across the river fighting is in pro.
gress near Svidniki while to the south
east another force is advancing on
Kovel.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-13
CARGO BEING LOADED.

Baltimore, Nd, July 12.-Confldent
that the state department at Wash
inston will sustain the findings of the
treasury and naval officials that the
Deutschland is a merchant ship and
therefore entitled to all the privileges
dut to belligerent owned freighter
under international law. the agents OF
the supersubmersible today went
ahead with their plans for disposing
OF the vessels cargo and preparations
for the return voyage.
It is known that the Deutschland
will \take aboard cargo of rubber
and nickel. Her captain said he ex-
pected to sail within ten days."
Already there is discussion con-
cerning the return cargoes for other
underwater liners which are expected
to follow the Deutschland to American
shores. These vessels, it was reli-
ably stated. will carry back the most
essential foodstuffs that Germany and
Austria. Hungary need. Coffee was
specifically named as one of the com.
modities. 1t was also declared that
the Bremen, constructed by the same
company that built the Deutschland
and reported from Berlin last night as
about to sail, will carry drugs that are
much needed in this country and
which can not be obtained from any
other than German sources.
Many Seek Passage.
The North Gertnan-Lloyd line has re.
eeived from persons in all parts of the
country offers running as high as $50
900 for the privilege of taking passage
on the submarine on her return trip.
A representative of the company said
today, however. that no passengers
will be carried.
Most of the offers were from Amer.
icans," he said. Scores offered be.
tween 81, 900 and $4,000"
The unloading of the Deutschland
may be completed tonight.
The fact that the tug Thomas F.
Timmins went into drydock today for
repairs gave rise to rumors that she
was getting ready to return to the Vir-
ginia capes to convoy into the Chesa-
peake, as she did the Deutschland, the
submarine Bremen, which is reported
on her way. ',a ..&
1t was thought on the other hand
that the tugs first duty would be to
escort the Deutschland back to the
capes. 1t was intimated today at the
North German-Lloyd offices that the
Deutschland might drop anchor sever.
al days at Norfolk and wait for the
most favorable opportunity to slip out
to sea.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-13
GOETHALS TO QUIT
AT AN EARLY DATE

Washington, D. c., July 12.-Presi-
dent Wilson agreed to accept the res
ignation of Maj Gen. Goethals as gov
ernor Of the Panama canal at an early
date, to be fixed by the general.
Gen. Goethals called at the white
house and again urged his desire to
resign, now that the canal has been
finished. ~.
Col. Chester Harding, now engineer
of maintenance in the canal zone,
probably will be appointed governor.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-13
TODAY IN CONGRESS

SENATE-Met at II a. m.
Democrat and republican leaders
agreed on legislative program and
to meet daily from 10 a. M, to $50
p. m, in an effort to adjourn by
September 1.
Resumed consideration Of the ag-
.ricultural appropriation bill.
HOUSE@Met at II a. m.
Considered Kern-McGil1icuddy
workmen's compensation bill.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-13
FUNDS ASKED TO
COMBAT EPIDEMIC

Washington, D. c., July IL. Con
gress was to take up today Secretary
McAdoo's request for an appropriation
of $4,000 to be used by the public
health service in campaign against
infantile paralysis. About $5O,000
would be used In New York and the
remainder in efforts to prevent spread
to other states.
New York, July 12.-Despite the
worst heat wave of the season, the
epidemic Of infantile paralysis took a
turn for the better today. During the
twenty-four hours preceding 10 o'clock
this morning only seventeen deaths
from the disease were reported In the
five boroughs Of New York City. There
were 1852 new cases.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-13
TRIBUTE TO WILSON.

Milwaukee, Wis, July 12.-Tribute
was paid to President Wilson by Pat
rick H. Martin Of Green Bay, temper
ary chairman Of the democratic state
conference, today.
Wisconsin, he said, is proud 1t was
the first to proclaim him for the ma
tion He defended the presidents
foreign policy and his administration.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-13
STEAMER HITS MINE.

Paris, July 12.-The American
steamship Goldshell, bound for New
York with cargo of oil, struck a
mine on Monday night and was badly
damaged. She was kept afoat until
she entered the mouth OF the Giroude,
where she is being lightered.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-13
CONFERENCE PLANNED.

San Antonio, Tex, July ia brief
message to Gen. Funston today stated
that Maj. Gen. Bliss, assistant chief
OF staff Of the army, would be here
Thursday to consult with Gen. Funs-
ton on questions Affecting the militia.
Reports from border stations and
concentration camps indicate that
the health Of the troops generally is
good.
Robert Bacon, one of the directing
board of the Red Cross, arrived late
last night to investigate the work the
Red Cross is preparing to. undertake.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-13
COLLECTOR CALLS
BRITONS TO TIME

Manila, July IL. The collector of
customs has granted hearing in the
case of the steamer Chinese Prince on
Thursday morning at o'clock. The
steamer Is still detained with the GUS
toms guards in control The British
consul will confer with the governor
general. Francis Burton Harrison, to-
night before reporting the seizure of
the Chinese Prince to the British gov
ernment in London.
The Chinese Prince, British steam
ship which left New York April IS for
far eastern ports, was seized by the
collector of customs at Manila, yester-
day as she was about to leave for Vlad-
ivostok and fine of 100000 pesos
was imposed for 1000 missing pack
ages consigned to Manila merchants.
The packages were confiscated by the
British authorities at Penang
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-13
SAILING TIME SECRET.

Washington, D. c., July 12.-state
department officials today admitted
they were considering the question OF
how to protect the governments neu-
trality in the matter Of news OF the
departure OF the Deutschland. .s
The offlcial report Of the naval and
customs oficers who inspected the
submarine and reported she Is an un-
armed merchant ship probably will
be made public by the state depart
fnent tomorrow. 5= E.- n"... d. F..
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-13
Unofficial View of Allies
Is That Vessel Should
Be Sunk on Sight =
RETURN CARGO TO
BE WAR MUNITIONS
Unloading of Dyestuffs Is
! Proceeding Rapidly; May
Leave at Any Time

{ London, July 12.-The Daily News
says the British government Is d1s-
posed to take a serious view OF the
status Of the Germat submarine
Deutschland. The official opinion is
said TO be that under existing circum-
stances a submarine can not pc
classed as a merchant vessel at all.
The unoflcial view is that the SUD
marine should be sunk on sight:
"The American government races
Q new and delicate problem which
adds one more to the already numer-
Gus points on which decision AFTER
the war will be imperative" the News
continues.
EVEN If a submarine merchantmen
can prove herself to be really un-
armed. the difficulties Of supervising
such craft, even in harbor, must be
almost insuperable for the friendly
neutral. II such vessel chose, 1t IS
fairly clear she might, with the ad-
vantages she possesses, most grossly
abuse the hospitality extended to her.
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-13

Continued en- Page q
Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916, 1916-07-13
A Community Problem.

The selection Of w. T. Harper aS%
chairman OF the meeting followed and
those present entered into discussion
which resulted in the formation Of the
ward organization.
Mr.. Harper referred to the unselnshS
devotion of school boards Of Ottumwasa
to their work in past years, and com
plimented the members of the PRESENT.
board for their courage in bringing the
bond issue right back before the people,
SO soon after it's defeat He said the
board had done right and that 1t now3
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-07-27
TWO TENNIS DOUBLES TEAMS
WIN INTO FOURTH ROUND

" Dallas. Texas, July 27--Two tennis
doubles teams have won their way into
the fourth round Of the southwestern
district tournament here which car
ries with 1t the right TO compete N
the national doubles preliminaries- J.
Z. Adoue Of Dallas, and Semp Russ
of san Antonio. Wednesday defeated
Shelton Of Dallas. 6-1. 2-6. O., g.
William Nye of Dallas. and A g.
Blackjack Of Fl. Smith. Ark, defeated
:. Sullivan and J. II. Thomas of Texas,
q, SO. 6-3-
rThe elimination of Adoue. present Ii
tie holder, from the singles competition
provided the surprise Of the days plav.
He lost 70 Jack Norton Of Dallas, g.,
St.
Palmer Bradley Of Roswell. y M
lost his third round match to Bradley
Hogue OF Dallas. So. &c.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-07-27
"BECK'S" AMEN CORNER

RUFFALO'S old Federal league
baseball club has made a declara-
ton of voluntary bankruptcy, with
debts listed at s1so,7o3 and assets Of
s76,926. Who says baseball isn't
expensive?
YOU'VE got to hand It to the
Giant fans for optimism. No
sooner had Charlie Herzog joined the
team than the Gothamites began to
talk of a penDantl The Giants viii
be lucky TO finish in the first di-
vision.
MANAGER JUAN GOMEZ Of the
Az Wall team is not talking about
his lineup Cor Sundays game with
the Feldmans. There is Just a chance
that he will send Vilareal back to
the mound. II Gomez gets Villareal
back into condition, he should cut
out his experiments with other pitch
ers for, when in shape, Villareal is
worth a dozen Sotos or Cuarons.
Gomez has himself TO blame for let
ting Villareal get soft. The pitcher
should be used regularly, not once a
month.
SEVENTH infantry is on the target
range this week but permission
has been given the members Of the
baseball team to come into town in
a big army truck for the Sunday
afternoon game with the Everybodys
at Rio Grande park. The clerks
have lost two straight while the
soldiers have won five in a row
and both managers are determined
on a victory. Both cannot win but
the fans should see a corking God
game.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-07-27
BY "BECK."

Ed PREFER, of the Dodgers,
seems determined on making
real race for the National league
pitching honors with Al Mamaux,
Of the Pirates. Pfeffer shut out the
Cardinals in the second game Of
Wednesdays double bill when he
allowed only FIVE hits.
A UT0MOBILE dealers are remind
ed Of the meeting at the cham
Der OF commerce on Friday night to
discuss the proposed auto show in
connection with the Soil Products ex-
position. This matter is very i'm
portant and every car, tire and
accessory dealer IN town should be
present. There is apparently a dif-
ference Of opinion among the dealers
on this matter and all should attend
and either adopt the plan unani-
mously or turn It down
for the Krackajacks this week
and manager Smith believes that his
team is beginning ito shape up
Pitcher Irwin, brother of the Brook
Ign catcher, has joined the squad
and looks good while Kressell, who
worked part of Sundays game, is to
start against the Puritys on Sunday
next Woolle1 will be back at short.
FREDDIE WELSH tackles Benny
Leonard over the 1O-round route
in New York on Friday night. Re-
ports from the east indicate that
Freddie is taking no chances this
time and will enter the ring in really
good condition. A majority of the
New York papers gave Leonard
credit for outpointing Welsh in their
last encounter.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-07-27
MOTHER SAVES BURNING BOY
AT RISK OF HER OWN LIFE

Seligman, ARK. July o7=FranI-. the
6 year old son of Mr. and Mrs. Win
chester DiclsersOn. owes his life to the
risk Of his mothers own The home
had caught fire from the blazing of A
can OF oil that had been left on the
porch. exposed TO the suns rays. With
in the house 1he boy was almost q
human torch when his mother caught
him up and running into the OPEN
beat out the flames with her bare
bands
The boy is expected TO live. though
cruelty burned. The pluclly mothers
hand and arms are scorched. but she is
otherwise unhurt.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-07-27

A INVOLVEMENT that Howard
Berry, now with the Pennsyl-
vania troops at Camp Stewart, is
TO try out for the Pennsylvania foot
ball team this fall was good for
Scareheads in the eastern papers.
Berry is likely to cut a real swath
IN the local ball games this summer.
PAUL FISHER told RED" Leving-
ston that Anna Held had gwen
up moving pictures. ''Td like to give
up moving 'em, too said Red"
who is a benedict Of only a few
weeks, "but gol durn it, the wife
won't let me I've moved so this
week all over the flat"
WIORTMAN, the prize beauty Of
the year in major league base
ball, played short for the Cubs on
Wednesday and got one of the two
hits for his team on Allen and
Hughes, of the Braves. Workman
made one eIror in three fielding
chances.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-07-27
NEWS BREVITIES.

(Advertisement1

Texas & Pacific train No. 1. due TO
arrive al 1880 p. m. will arrive at
11-30 p. m. All other afternoon and
evening trains are reported on time
for today.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-07-27

Your Telephone is for your conven-
fence. Use IL 10 the best advantage
when you want an Automobile or Taxi
cab Telephone $500. Prompt Service
Reasonable Charges.
city Service Co.
baggage too. ADV.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-07-27
LONGWOOD TENNIS GAMES
HnsIRn \ Ed REC Il. DE u L

Boston. Mass. July 27.-AH the
Iss1ches scheduled to he played We'd
neJsday IL the LOngwood singles in the
eastern doubles tennis tournaments
were postponed until today on account
OF rain
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-07-27

The ordinary cost OF a Want Ad in
The FL Paso Herald is IS cents. II
reaches an average OF about 100 600
readers each issue.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-07-27

LOst-A coal and feed customer-He
died That is the only way we can lose
them Southwestern Fuel and Feed
Co., I'll y. Ochoa st. Phone 5SI.-Ady.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-07-27

mines in the state Of sonora. Mex.
Nichoacan and Hidalgo have resumed
work. having received supplies Of ex-
piosives since the ban on their ship
menr was raised