davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-21
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one has wonderful water-gates that drop down at night and have great steel chains hanging to the bottom of the harbor. being a protection against submarines. However, only war vessels are allowed inside, which is not too pleasant thought for pas sengers on liners anchored outside during the night.
 In Gibraltar men say that all day and all night British submarines are crossing and recrossing the narrow space between Europe and Africa, watching for enemy submarines try ing to get through from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean.
 Gibraltar bristles with gun muzzles The steel tubes glisten in the sun on many sides. and after the traveller has been passed by the watchful guards he can climb near them on the out skirts of the town and admire them. Then he goes back into the town and men will tell him that he has not seen any of the real guns, but only the saluting batteries and few minor guns not counted on for real war fare.
 The real guns (men say, with a wave of the hand toward the tower ling Gibraltar cliffs) are sunk into the ,rocks, out of sight and that certain sections are pitted with tremendous guns, capable of shooting close to the shores of Africa, which can be seen clearly enough.
 The second harbor of Gibraltar is just outside the inner basis. It Is mostly used by small boats. The big outer roadstead is where the ocean liners anchor at about a mile from the landing dock, which is in the outer harbor. Much Depends On Rain So Gibraltar Is impregnable as long as 1t rains every now and then; for cautiously enough the one possibility forseen as dangerous to the rock fortress, is the fact that all drinking water comes from drainage of rain water off the highest part of the rocks.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-21

~ scouts working Tor h m
 best" that is, if we contem- =" plate. the American continent 8as the scene of military operations. Critics there are who pick flaws in other sections of our military and na- val establishments and who declare that the moves in behalf of prepared ness" have come none too soon. Maybe so, but there is consolation in the knowledge that in the possession of one essential of martial suff1ciency the republic stands pre-eminent. The Indians contribution to the cause of preparedness is valuable as it is unique. Trailing. as the redskin is performing it for Uncle Sam. is not merely an accomplishment. it is an art--the priceless heritage of cen. aturies of life in the open.
 Apache--that name of dreaded memory has attained new signifi- canoe since the Mexican campaign against Villa and his band was under taken. Pershing's operations among the canyons and on the deserts of our neighbor republic have proven to the public what our army officers have long known, namely. that the blood
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-21
The Capture ofThis Great Fortified Rock, the Key To England's s Naval Power, Would Alter the History of the World Within "A Hours.
Copyright. 1916, by The International
 Syndicate

~HERE are three main keys to A the sea strength of the British M Empire-Gibraltar, Suez and Ww that narrow elbow of deep water, the Straits of Alden, where the Red Sea turns into the vast bosom of the Eastern ocean. Of these the main key is Gibraltar: Gibraltar the Rock, Gibraltar the mined, the coun ,termined--the rock pitted full with great guns, that can shoot clear into spanish territory in two directions.
 The average man knows that Gi- braltar is great towering rock, set up alone and solitary in the Allan tic ocean, right where the continents of Europe and Africa almost come together. As matter of cold fact Gibraltar is connected with the Span ish mainland by very good high road and broad strip of land that has been created into a so-called neu- tral strip of territory.
 Gibraltar Not An Island
 Gibraltar then is not an island, but rocky point of land connected with spain by narrow neck of ground Just at present there is buried an- der that narrow piece of ground, s> says the secret rumor. enough gun cotton and other high explosives to throw the whole thing thousand feet into the air.
 Once the electric button would be pressed (sending an electric spark into all this ammunition), small but intense earthquake would be evident The waters of the blue Mediterranean would shoot into the smoking hole and make the Rock of Gibraltar really an island.
 Few spots on earth can rival in compact interest at this time the real center of British sea-power. The cap ture of Gibraltar, say war experts, would alter the history of the world in 24 hours. But there is no danger
The Birmingham age-herald., 1916-05-21
Apache Scouts One of the Most Valuable Assets of the U. s. Army = Their Uncanny Skill In Track ing An Enemy ' Most Famous of Indian War riors . Hounds of Can | yon and Desert.
BY wALDoN TAwCETr.

NCLE SAM has the worlds best scouts working for h m best" that is, if we contem- nlate the American continent
Yerington times. [volume] (Yerington, Nev.) 1907-1932, 1916-08-12

in them, records, messages, maps and
writings OF prehistoric man.
Investigation by the authorities
may develop the fact that system of
shorthand writing existed in the age
of The dinosaurous. On a rectangu-
lar shaped rock in Hieroglyphic Can
yon, is a message carved in stone.
The message is in twenty-one dots,
twentythree dashes and lines which
bears resemblance to the Morse
telegraphic code
Old residents of this locality ad-
vance the theory that certain curved
lines, on other stones in this canyon,
represent water ways On one rock
is a code bit of stone chiseling which
is supposed to represent a map show
ing the Typographical arrangement
OF a certain land section.
A prominent mining engineer who
is a graduate of the Mackay School
OF Mines recently visited the canyon
and is of the opinion that this can
yon was the court of record of some
tribe of prehistoric man. In ore
part of the canyon is a natural rock
and lava formation resembling a tenn
pie or worship place. Near this tenn
pie like formation is a stone carving
of what appears to be maps, records,
ruling and decisions of tribunal of
man of the stone age. The carvings
on the sandstone cliffs in Clark Coun-
ty are apparently somewhat different
origin, being pictorial characters.
These stone carvings are doubtless
an ;ndelible record of an antedeluvian
age. They may bear message that
when deciphered would change his
torical opinion.
Yerington times. [volume] (Yerington, Nev.) 1907-1932, 1916-08-12
A MENACE TO BANKING

Postmaster General Burleson is
sued an order directing postmasters in
towns where there is no federal re-
serve bank to collect checks drawn
upon non-member State banks but
when there was vehement protest
against this invasion of the field Of
private business, the order was s.s-
pended. The administration profess
ses desire to cooperate with the
business men Of the country, bus loses
no opportunity to take fling at any
line of industry if any excuse can be
found for such action. Let the gov
ernment do it, is the policy of the
administration Since the postmas-
ters would receive no additional
salaries for the additional service
performed and for the responsibilities
assumed. it would be easy for the
government to drive the bank, out
of business.
Yerington times. [volume] (Yerington, Nev.) 1907-1932, 1916-08-12
RENO COMMERCIAL CLUB

1t is annouced that the Home Trade
Extension and Industrial Deveolp-
ment Committee of the Reno Com
mercial Club are offering prize Ct
Twenty dollars in gold for the best
Slogan to be used as an intermoun-
tain slogan in connection with the in
dustrial development of eastern. Cali
fornia and Nevada To illustrate,
the slogan for the State Of Washing
ton is: home buying, assuress home
growth, individual gain ard general
prosperity" Our contest is open to
any person within the State of Ne
vada, or counties in eastern California
bordering on Nevada. The contest
closes Septembc- )st. all communi-
cations should De addressed to the
contest commit, oi Il Peno Com
mercial Club
Twenty dollars gold is of red
for the best trade marx, which may e
used on all home manufaot otured arti-
cles where trail, nal, can be ar
Piled. The coniinon' If the Iade
mark contest are the same as indi n.
ed above in the S'orll contest, '.,ril
as to territory aul me da;e of c,n'-
ing same.
Yerington times. [volume] (Yerington, Nev.) 1907-1932, 1916-08-12
REPUBLICANS SURE
OF KANSAS

General o. c. Pingree of Pittsburg,
Kansas, friend and constituent of
representative Campbell of Kansas was
Speaking of the outlook in that State
recent visitor to the national capitol.
he said: Kansas will give $4,000 for
the republican national ticket and I
think that figure is conservative.
There is no progressive party left in
our State. 1t is united with republi-
cans and that means an overwhelm-
ing vote for our ticket in November.
Hughes is popular idol in Kansas
and the people were for him before
the convention. When he was nomin-
ated that settled it. | am of the opin-
ion that as Kansas is going, so is go
ing the country"
Yerington times. [volume] (Yerington, Nev.) 1907-1932, 1916-08-12
NEEDED AT HOME

If only a few of the American avia-
tors now fighting for France come
through the war alive and uninjured
they should return to the land of their
birth and lend their aid in establish
ing an air service in the United States
army Up until the present time this
service has been more or less of "a
joke in all essential particulars save
the mortality record Since the re-
cent courtmartial trials an effort has
been made to supply better machines
and educate the men to use them
but it is slow work, and if we were
suddenly plunged into war our air
service would be exceedingly poor
to start with. Battles high above
the clouds seem to possess an attrac-
ton for adventurous Americans which
they do not seem to be able to over
come, even though death is ever
present and in most cases certain to
result in due course of time. Scouts
may go and come for an indefinite
period and escape the anti aircraft
Yerington times. [volume] (Yerington, Nev.) 1907-1932, 1916-08-12
CHAMP CLARK STRONG
IN MISSOURI

Champ Clark may be good vote
getter in Missouri but he wouldn't run
very fast in a campaign in California
or Florida. In speech in the House
few days ago he tried to explain
that the war in Europe shut off the
Italian lemon growers from their
ordinary market, SO they were forced
to dump their product into the Unit
ed. States, with the result that Cali
fornia lemon producers left their
fruit on the trees. He neglected to
comment upon the fact that the "in-
sidious" Italian lemon lobby spent
$4,000 inducing the democratic party
to reduce the duty on lemons, and
that, because of that reduction, the
Italian growers were given access to
our market. We advise Mr.. Clark
not to go on the stump in California
this year. The farmers of California
know what hit them,
Transcript-lt is glorious to de-
fend "the interests of humanity"
but the particular government over
which President Wilson presides also
needs common-sense protection.
Yerington times. [volume] (Yerington, Nev.) 1907-1932, 1916-08-12
UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA
ACTIVE IN RESEARCH

Water from the desert are the
magic words by which success has
crowned the effects of university and
government engineers who have been
endeavoring to develop underground
resources in various parts of Nevada
Experiments in the vicinity of Las
Vegas have produced flow of water
l25 gallons a minute. indicating an
artesian source The work is the re.
suits of experiments by ]. G. Scrug-
ham, Dean of the College of Eng
ineering of the University of Nevada,
and F. L. Bixby, federal expert work
ing with the university engineers.
This flow of water was developed
from what is know as water mound
In this vicinity are many POUNDS or
knolls averaging 10 feet in height
From some of them indications Of
water are apparent. The knobs or
mounds have probably been built up
by dust and sand carried by the wind
into the vegetation surrounding the
springs, and held there by moisture.
Ordinarily the accumulation continues
until it becomes high enough to stop
the flow of the springs.
The normal flow of the spring at
the beginning of the investigations
was six and one half gallons per
minute. After 100 cubic yards Of
material had been remover from the
mound steady flow of l25 gallons
minute was developed.
Great difficulty in pumping was ex-
perienced. The pump had to be re-
Yerington times. [volume] (Yerington, Nev.) 1907-1932, 1916-08-12

Henry c. Osterman, Lincoln High
way association field secretary, left
Sacramento for San Francisco We'd
,esday to launch his campaign to
raise $4,000 in Northern California
TO improve the roads in Nevada SO
that eastern tourist travel may con-
yeniently reach this section instead
OF being diverted to Southern Cali
fornia at Ely.
Osterman will be in California
thirty days and during this time he
expects to have the campaign suffi-
cently well organized to have the
money practically assured.
Later Osterman will go over both
of the causeway routes to the bay
and secure the mileage, conditions of
of the road and other data. The
Sacramento chamber of commerce
is endeavoring to secure the coop
Grafton of the West Side motorists
to ecort him over the road and explain
various details to him during the trip.
He will make the trip with travel
"It's simply business proposition
for the people of Northern Califor-
nia," says Osterman, because if the
road it not improved the big percent
age of the eastern travel will go to
Los Angeles. The Lincoln Highway
association will give $4,000 for the
Nevada road work. provided Super
ior California gives another $4,000
and Nevada gives a like amour.
Yerington times. [volume] (Yerington, Nev.) 1907-1932, 1916-08-12
RAILROAD SITUATION BECOMING GRAVE
FOUR HUNDRED THOUSAND MEN INVOLVED

and that another meeting would be
held later in the week when the final
answer will be given.
The possibility of strike is regard
ed by the business interests of the
country as extremely grave and much
pressure has been brought to bear up
on both the railroads and the men to
consent to some method of arbition.
New York City in particular regards
the prospects of strike with appre-
hension fearing that a shortage of
food would be one of its effects.
Soon after the figures were pre-
sented to the conference adjourned
until tomorrow to allow the railroad
managers to consider the result.
Each union head presented his figures
in different FORM w. S. Stone, for
the engineers reported o8H per cent
in favor of strike in the Southeast
ern district; 1904 per cent in the
Western and 94.64 per cent in the
Eastern.
W. S. Carter for the firemen and
engineers reported that out of total
of 70, 653 votes cast, including nom
union men and employees on roads not
represented in the conference, o8.O4
per cent were in favor of strike
W. G. Lee, for the trainmen report
ed that out of total vote 120, lO8,
l14.832 favored strike with 140O vot-
es still to be heard from.
A. B. Garretson of the conductors,
reported 8403 per cent affirmative in
the Western district, 8408 in the
Eastern, and 93.04 in the Southern
district, with 1886 votes cast.
Yerington times. [volume] (Yerington, Nev.) 1907-1932, 1916-08-12

guns of the enemy, but battles with
enemy airmen frequently result in
the destruction of one or other ma
chine and the death or injury of the
combatants.
The present war in Europe has de-
veloped both the flying machine and
the submarine, operation of which
may be set down as extra hazardous
duty for both soldiers and sailors.
Yet if wars are to continue, fighting
in the air and under the sea will ma
turally increase, and more powerful
engines of destruction will be invent
ed in both cases, and there will be no
lack of men to take their lives in
their hands and go forth to do or die
Either one is more exciting than
trench fighting, and if glory is sought
the successful army aviator certain
ly is furnished with opportunities
enough to distinguish himself. Am
orleans, of course, take considerable
amount of pride in the records made
by Thaw and his compaions now do
such valiant service on the French
front, but most of us wish they were
down on the Mexican border giving
the United States army aviators the
instruction they so sorely need. By
the time the war in Europe ends
there will be few of the present Am
erican contingent left, and unless
others take their places there is little
hope of instruction from that source.
Yerington times. [volume] (Yerington, Nev.) 1907-1932, 1916-08-12

President Wilson thinks it unwise
for the American people to swap
horses while crossing stream But
we don't know whether we are cross
ing or not. You can't cross any sort
of stream on a horse that continu-
ally changes his mind and goes in
an opposite direction without any
warning whatever
Yerington times. [volume] (Yerington, Nev.) 1907-1932, 1916-08-12
AN EASTERN SENATOR
FROM A WESTERN STATE

Senator Key Pittman, of Nevada
has addressed a communication to the
citizens OF his State, in which he
asks for reelection at their hands
next November. In this communica-
tion he suggests his activities in Con-
gress and his views upon certain
questions as a reason for his return
to the Senate. Without any feeling
either of personal or of partisan
animosity toward Mr.. Pittman. we
feel it our duty to take notice of his
appeal 10 the citizens of Nevada. and
TO advise them that the Senator is
now, and has been for some time past,
aligned with the enemies of the West
in their endeavors to struggle the
generous development of Western
resources, to undermine the sovereign
ty of Western States, to deprive The
Western people OF their economic
equality before the nation. and to
place the Western half of the coun-
try under tribute to the other half
Our natural and constitutional rights
with respect to the lands which we
occupy are placed in jeopardy. Sena-
tor Key Pittman is unfaithful to the
West, and he should not be permitted
TO represent or speak for the West
in any capacity whatsoever. The
only reference which Mr.. Pittman, in
his address to the people of Nevada.
makes to his unholy alliance with
the imperial autocrats OF the East
and the taxeating bureaucrats of
Washington. d. c., is contained in
paragraph concerning the Alaska coal
leasing law. Concerning this law he
chooses to say that it gives an op-
portunity to the poor man to mine
coal prevents monopoly, insures pro-
lection of wages and the health of
labor, and will furnish coal to the
Western States at greatly reduced
rates The fact is that, since the
Alaska coal leasing bill was passed
nearly two years ago, there has been
no development of coal lands in that
territory, and the regulations con-
cerning coal leases which have been
drawn up will no doubt hamper any
such development in the future. What
Mr.. Pittman should have said is that
this law takes the opportunity of
development from the poor man and
the rich man alike; that, if it prevents
monopoly, it does so by preventing
development altogether; that, if it in
sures the protection of wages and the
health of labor, it does so because it
abolishes the very basis of wages, en-
ployment, and makes it healthier for
labor to stay away from Alaska; final
w. that it will not furnish coal to the
Western States at greatly reduced
rates, but, If it furnishes coal at all,
1t will be to those localities only
which cannot procure coal anywhere
else. The Alaska coal leasing mea-
sure exemplifies the program which
Senator Pittman and the other land
ieasing conspirators are seeking to
'lhprose upon the minreal districts Of
.ne West, including those of Nevada.
4 Is OF relatively small importance
"hat attitude Mr.. Pittman assumes up
Yerington times. [volume] (Yerington, Nev.) 1907-1932, 1916-08-12

on other public questions; if he is not
willing to sustain the constitutions
equality of the Western States will
those of the East and to prevent the
exploitation OF the West by and for
the West to theEast, he is danger
Gus person for the West to have al
Washington. The people Of Nevada
regardless of partisan considera.
tions, should send to Washington
men who do not yield to the blandish
ments of the hypocritical "conserva
tionists" in their endeavors to make
the West proconsulate, governed by
an imperial oligarchy 1000 miles dis
tant The people of Nevada should
send to Washington men who believe
in local self-government and who
realize that a system OF land tenure
which is good enough for one part OF
the country is good enough for ev-
cry other part, The West should
insist upon the integrity OF its legis-
lative agents in Washington. Its
representatives should possess back
bone enough to stand for their own
communities. Two measures are
now pending in Congress bearing up
on the settlement and development
of Western lands. These measures
strike at the very base of Western
sovereignty. They are directed
against the interests of the settler
and developer, and Senator Pittman i.
one of those who have been strangely
persuaded by the powers of the East
to turn against their own people
Nevada's duty is very plain-Mining
American
Yerington times. [volume] (Yerington, Nev.) 1907-1932, 1916-08-12

moved many times to clear out bon
IS OF animals. Authorities say that
hese are skeletons of animals, which
years gone by, went to the springs
md lost their lives in quicksand.
w. 5. Park, on whose property
1ne OF these springs is now flowing,
,stimates that he can do extensive
development work as the result.
The University engineers are great
pleased as the result of their work.
The work accomplished by them at
Las Vegas is of economic importance,
nasmuch as the knoll springs may
levelop an appreciable water supply
ior irrigation.
sineers of the University of Nevada.
From the archives of the past, en-
lave unearthed teeth of an animal
which roamed a section of what is
now Nevada at a time when ancestors
Of the reader may have been a mon
key
The teeth, which came from well
being bored on the ranch of ]. 6.
Pedroli, in the Washoe Valley, are
those OF horse of a period two or
three million years ago.
Horses OF this period were three
toed and even smaller than Shetland
ponies of this age. The eteth found
are those of an animal living in the
upper Miocene, which is about the
middle of the Tertiary age, just pre-
,eeding the glacial period.
Fossil leaves, tooth of the rhinocer-
GUS and other specimens of uncertain
age, have been found in this locality as
we'll as in former lake beds in other
parts of Nevada. The teeth found
N the Pedroli we'll are among the
best of the collection of fossils at the
University as they clearly show the
age and distinction.
The discovery was made while
University engineers were making
irrigation experiments. The drill
brought up something which at first
appeared to be piece of petrihed
sage brush. Further investigation
proved that something for more inter-
esting than sage brush had been ex-
humed.
Biologists from the Mackay School of
Mines of the University of Nevada
are planning to make a complete in
vestigation and examination of pecu-
liar stone carvings in Hieroglyphic
Canyon, San Bernardino County, Cali
fornia, and similar prehistoric records
near St. Thomas, in Clark County,
Nevada.
In the San Bernardina Canyon the
hieroglyphics are carved in black lava:
while those in Clark County are cut
in the Silurian sandstones. Both stone
carvings are of unusual interest for,
even the layman will readily recognize