davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1916-02-04
FLOYD COUNTY'S
RECORD FOR WEEK.
News From Prestonsburg
and the Surrounding
Country.

Last Saturday on Middle creek. a gun
battle come UP over some property
rights. One man by the name OF Anse
Miller was killed, Lewis Miller SER
iously wounded and Harrison and AL
fred Miller were slightly wounded. r.
John Meadows was arrested on the
charge Of killing and placed in the
county Jail. Meadows lived in the prop
erty Millers claimed. The Millers were
mad because OF the courts decision to
let Meadows hold the land. They tried
to force Meadows out and he picked up
a gun as they all appeared at his home
and shot at all.
Circuit CouFt begins Monday. Feb. It'll
under the new administration of the
Hon. A. T. Patrick and Jno. d. Smith.
presiding judge and commonwealth at
torney. Mr.. Patrick has just closed a
successful session Of court at Salyers-
vile.
The Big Sandy news. [volume] (Louisa, Ky.) 1885-1929, 1916-02-04

Miss Edith Fitzpatrick at her de-
lightful home very pleasantly enter
tanned for six o'clock dinner Sunday
evening. Misses Bess Leete. Gladys
Bryan. Hazel Gardner and Mrs, Gate
wood OF Pittsville, Va.
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1916-09-13
PRICE OF OLD PAPER.

The Cedar Rapids Gazette has
published the side of the junk dear
ers regarding prices paid for old
papers. Their Interpretation of the
case is different than that of 1.-The
Waste Trade Journal" published
from New York, and devoted to the
business Of dealing in old metal,
rags. paper and the like. The
most recent issue of that magazine
gives the following prices in Chica-
go: Quotations per hundred pounds
Old newspapers, So and soc; solid
books, magazines etc., $1.25; ledg,
ers and writings, $1.50; No. 1 soft
white shavings, $3.50; No. / hare
white shavings, $500.
The prices on old newspapers and
magazines (including Saturday Eve
ming Posts and the like) will be OF
interest to householders. The prices
on ledgers, writings and soft and
hard trimmings should interest joi
printers and book publishers. These
grades can as we'll be kept separated
at their cutting machines and they
can compare the prices they are be
ing paid with the prices bid in Chi
cago. 1t would appear to be in order
for those who have the bulk of this
Ihigher-priced stuff for sale to perfect
an organization, establish a ware
house, incidentally purchase what.
ever may be offered, paying a fail
Price therefor and ship direct. Tht
difference between what is being paiC
and what the stuff is worth is ne
small item.
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1916-09-13
Is a Very Good Boosters Pledge

The following boosters pledge,
the author of which is not known, is
a good thing to sign, seal and deliv-
er. 1t might be a good scheme Tol
some citizens to sign the pledge and
paste it in their hats for future ref
erence. How do you like it?
ION my word and honor, l here
and now declare that so long as /
remain a resident of this community
it will be my constant aim to boost
it all the time and every time.
Il will do all l can for any public
work that has the good of the COM
munity for its object.
Il will submit to the majority rule
and won't knock and howl my head
off if things are not always my way.
II realize that if this community is
good enough to make my money in,
it is the proper Place to spend it ia
again.
81 am resolved that will buy ev-
|erything at home that | can, and will
never go further'n necessary
Il will try to always say something
good about my town and my people
or I'll keep my bazoo shut, excepting
of course, in case Of public nuts
Iance."
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1916-09-13
WILL SUPPORT HARDING.
Cranks Can't Dictate To Those Tc;ed
and True.

WinterSet, Ia, Sept. Ito the
Des Moines Register:-The Register
for some time has published a dem
Ccratlc column, which is comment l.
able. But why not also have a re-
publican column: Four years ago
the republicans of Iowa had no col
umn, while not only democrats, bot
bull moose had columns galore.
We see that one who signs his
name Garst, and says he was once
governor, cannot vote for Harding
because he was rot fairly nominal
ed; that his conscience will not per-
NIT him to work for a man who was
nominated by Harding's methods
When did Garst's political conscience
get to be SO tender? 1t must have
been since he helped to have Carroll
indicted so that he could beat him
for second term. 1t must have
been since he and his gang stole Wa
Il ello and Jasper counties in order
| to be nominated.
And there are the Methodist prea.
cheers who seem to be monopolizine
not only the editorial but also the
news pages. What right have a few
theological dudes to dictate politics
to men who were Methodists before
they were born? AS a Methodist fol
more than sixty years / am led tc
fear that some of these men are more
anxious to achieve little cheap no
toriety than they are solicitious fol-
the kingdom of God. Mr.. Garst anc
these very few Methodist preachers
or at least most of them, took par
in the June primaries. We SUCCESS
that it is both unmanly and immora
to help nominate a ticket and ther
TRY to beat il.
E. R. TELLER.
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1916-09-13
CORRESPONDENCE.
OSSIAN

Sept. IL, 1916
Mrs. Juen entertained the EN-
broidery Club Tuesday afternoon.
Mrs. Louis DIESEL and daughter
Jean came Tuesday from Calmar for
a visit with friends.
Mrs. George Allen of Castalia
spent Wednesday with her son w. M.
Allen.
Mr.. and Mrs. Layton arrived from
Fort Dodge Tuesday to take up their
duties III the drug store they recently
purchased of DR.. Lynch
Mrs. P. E. Peterson went to Fort
Atkinson to visit her father Steve
Bush Wednesday.
Louis DIESEL came down from Cal
mar Wednesday to see his wife who
is at DR.. Juen's.
Agnes Lee of Des Moines came
Thursday for weeks visit with her
mother, Mrs Andrew Lee.
Mrs. Hugo Huber returned to her
home in South Bend, Indiana Thurs
day after an extended visit with her
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Joe Becker
Miss Lizzie Busch of Calmar spent
Friday with relatives.
Mrs. j. A. Huber and nephew went
" w duhOA Iludy lOT WISH WITH
her parents, Mr.. and Mrs Wittlinger
Mrs. Harry Billiard entertained a
few friends Friday afternoon.
Floyd Harvey of Castalia visited
at the home of his grandmother, Mrs
Kobraiger Saturday.
Tom Logsdon of DEBORAH spent
Saturday with friends.
Miss Merl OXley entertained a num-
Der of young girls at party Friday
evening.
Misses Mildred Doan and Sylvia
LukenDill left this morning for Cedar
Falls, where they will resume their
studies in the State Normal School.
Lillian Anderson went to Fayette
today TO attend college.
DR.. and Mrs. j. p. Schneeberger
and son Cletus and Ursula Meyer and
Mrs f. A. Sobolik autoed to Stacy
vile Saturday to spend Sunday with
DR.. c. F. Sobolik.
Quite number from here attend
ed the funeral of Theodore Giesen in
Festina this morning.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ed Dowd and Marie
spent Sunday in Spillville with her
sister, Mrs. Henry Luenberger.
Mr. Hoskins Of Bloomington, Wis,
is visiting his son NJ r. Hoskins and
family.
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1916-09-13

like pop-eyes, scissors and knives
that make corns bleed and sore, har-
nesses and bandages that fill up your
shoe, press on the corn and max
your foot feel like a paving block.
What's the use? Why not do what
millions are doing, take seconds
off and apply "GETS-IT." 1t dries,
YOU put your stocking on right away,
and wear your regular shoes. your
corn loosens from the toe, 1t liits
right off. It's painless. It's the COM
nonsense way, the simplest, easiest,
most effective way in the world. IL
the national corncure. Never fails.
"GETS-IT" is sold and recon-
mended by druggists everywhere, Zoe
a bottle, or sent on receipt OF price,
lby e. Lawrence & Co., Chicago, Ill.
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1916-09-13
WAR on COSTLY FASHIONS.
1t is Big Part of Our High Cost OF
Living.

The United States processes pride
in its own individuality. All the
same it is constantly copying the Old
World. Paris fashions have luster,
probably mostly mental, that no ma
tive costumer can impart.
Just now new social currents of
far reaching force are gathering
strength as outgrowths of the war.
One of the new ideas is the reported
effort of the German government to
restrict future fachions for more
economy Of material All the warning
powers have urged their people to
dress simply. Exhausted Europe
will have little money after the war
to waste on, futile style changes.
Will this affect American habits
1T seems inappropriate that America
should continue to trim itself in the
changing alterations of it's peacock
feathers, with Europe wearing it's
somber and simple black. Also fash
ion is a big part of our high cost of
living. in the discarding of clothes
before they are half worn out.
If women change styles frequently
to make themselves attractive to
men, it largely tails of its effect. Men
don't know what is correct style,
and what isn't.
The old time woman smirked and
simpered and languished before the
lords of creation, hoping that they
would fall captive to her coquettish
charms. The modern woman is more
independent of satisfaction approval
or disapproval. she should have her
own satisfactions, whether or not her
clothes captivate the male popuIa-
ton.
But usually women's clothes are
designed principally to make an I'M
preston on their own sex. In that
respect they succeed. While the Fair
Lady is uttering her honeyed words,
her critical eye is wandering over the
details of her friends appearance.
Some women can ignore solecisms,
but it takes firm principles to do it.
And it will take resolution to throw
down too frequent style changes. But
if the leaders of society would set
the fashion of not having so many
fashions, it would go.
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1916-09-13
WANT COLUMN.
Rates-One Cent per word. Moth
ing less than ten cents.

Rates-One Cent per word. Moth
ing less than ten cents.
nsn.,Ja.n.as...
FOR SALE-Having sold my nome,
will sell my piano cheap. Inquire of
Mrs. Ina White, 703 Mechanic st.
FOR SAI,E-Two good buggies, good
condition. Enquire Fred J. Rosen-
thals. 37-2w
LOST-Pocketbot k, small amount
money, about two weeks ago.
Finder leave at this office 37-1pd.
FOR SALE-Coal stove. Inquire of
j. I. Ellestad, DEBORAH, Iowa. 37pd
LOST-Auto No. 59S02 and lamp
bracket. Return to DR.. Stabo, De-
| corah, Iowa. 352w
FOR SALE-Five Duroc Jersey
boars. Until Sept. 30 will sell at
/ SIS a head Pedigree furnished.
c. E. Wicks, R. 3, DEBORAH,
| Iowa 36-2pd.
FOR SALE-Three small Winnie
shiek county farms. One of 35
acres and one of so acres; both
we'll improved; one of 80 acres
without any buildings. All close
to DEBORAH. Ed. X. Hovden, De-
corah, Iowa. 36tf
FARM-For Rent, 2S5 acres half
mile east Locust. Nearly all under
cultivation. Mrs. August Hilleman,
route one, Locust, Iowa. 36tf
FOR SALE-Well improved farm
home; good buildings, good we'll,
running water and orchard 100
acres all under cultivation except
ten acres in timber. Has been used
as cattle feeding station for
years-hence in high state of fer
tility. Located in Madison twp,
Section IA, four miles West of De-
corah. Terms reasonable. Call or
write, Frank Pilgrim, DEBORAH,
Iowa, R. f. d. No. 5. 34-4pd.
FOR SALE-Owing to moving away
l will offer my residence for sale
on Mechanic street. Claire McKin-
ney, or call on c. E. Mckinney.
34tf
FOR SALE-Good seven room house
desirable location. Out of flood dis
trict. Inquire at The Reynolds
/ Photo Studio. 34-tf.
FOR SALE-Brand new house in
Pleasant Hill Add. E. 7. Olson
32tf
FOR SALE-Brick house, west of
the city park. Inquire of Mrs.
| George Schulze. 24-tf
FOR SALE-Cheap one surrey,
practically new; one single seated
top buggy good as new. Rud Bros.
DEBORAH. 22-tf.
FOR SALE-Farm, 50 acres. For
price and particulars write Au-
| gust Teske, DEBORAH r. Z. Tele-
phone at house loft
FOR SALE-Second hand organs,
extra good ones, cheap. Rud Bros.
DEBORAH. 6-tf
FOR SALE-Few good horses, cheap,
if taken at once. also second hand
Fords for sale cheap, while they
last. Rud Bros, DEBORAH, Ia 24-tf
LOST-Automobile chain, between
Hesper and DEBORAH. Finder please
leave at this office. 36-1pd
TO TRADE-Improved farm for
town property Inquire of J. A.
Daniels, or phone White 397.
37-1pd.
FOR SALE OR RENT--Six acres,
house, barn, good well, cistern
and outbuildings. One-half mile
from city limits. NJ. Griebel, r.
! Box A. 37-2W
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1916-09-13

You remember Noah had TO work
a long time on that ark. 1t was up
hill business, too, at best, building a
boat away out on dry land, while the
local anyil-and-hammer club sat
around splitting tobacco juice upon
his lumber, whiting up his pine
boards with their iackknives, and
telling him what fool he was for
expecting big rain in a country
that was too dry to grow alfalfa
But he kept at it. Finally the food
came and every mothers son of the
croakers was drowned. This is the
only instance we know, in either sa-
cred or profane history, where a
bunch of knockers got exactly what
was coming to them"
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1916-09-13
Pointed Paragraphs.

Troubles are like babies; they
grow larger by nursing.
Don't think because a corporation
has no soul that it is on its upperg.
It's all well enough to believe in
fate-if you keep on hustling.
The longer the dogs day the short
er the cats night.
A little learning is more danger
Gus than much ignorance
The longer man does nothing
the more he seems to like it.
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1916-09-13
RAVENA.

Sept. II, 1916.
Dance at the Ossian opera house
on Sept. IS, 1916. Everybody come.
Barney Brincks of near Festina
called at S. M. Ness's on Friday.
Sven Tovson autoed to DEBORAH
on Friday.
Mrs. Dave Weitgenant and daugh-
ter Pearl of Ossian visited at A.
Peck's and E. Decou'sg on Saturday.
Miss Lizzie Bush of Calmar visit
ed at Ben Eimer's on Saturday.
Herman Schroeder and family
spent Sunday at the Will Holtey
home west of Ossian.
A. Peck had a COW killed by light
ming during the storm Monday.
Harold Irwin left on Wednesday
for Ames, after vacation spent at
the Leo Barthelma home.
Rev. Friedman OF Ossian was a
Saturday caller at the Ben Eimer's
home.
Will Kip autoed to DEBORAH Sat-
urday
Mr.. and Mrs. C. Hauber of Os-
sian and Mrs. B. Finke of Sioux City
were visitors at the A. Lansing home
on Tuesday.
Victor Meyer was assisting his
brother Alvin d. during the past
week with the tnreshing.
Helen Saueressig is visiting at the
Will Kuhse home
Rudy Kuhse was a caller at the
A. ID. Meyer hone on Wednesday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Philip Wagner OF
west Of Ossian visited at Philip Bar
thelma'S on Saturday
Frank Lansing spent Sunday at
Ossian.
DR.. Gene of Postville and DR.. Ha-
yirland of Ossian did some cattle in
specting at p. Barthelma Srs. on
Saturday.
Ben Eimers ana family spent
Sunday at the Andrew Barthelma
home at Ossian.
Frank Schweinefus called at Cal
mar on Monday.
Philip Barthelma Sr. and Leo and
Regina Barthelma returned on
Monday from Minneapolis
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1916-09-13

Government figures on the manu-
featuring industry in Iowa show the
total value of the products OF 1914
amounted to $40, 100000. Couple
with this the $437, 100000 worth
of farm and garden products which
the state produced in the same year
and we have the years output
amounting to three-quarters of a
billion dollars, says the Des Moines
Capital.
This is pretty good for state that
few score years ago measured it's
exports by few hundred tons. In
an editorial reprinted by the Iowa
Journal of History and Politics
from the old Iowa Capitol Reporter,
of Iowa City, We read that the ex-
ports from the town of Burlington
alone in 1S41 amounted to only 41O
tons. The produce included such
items as pork, bacon, beef, lard,
wheat, flour, corn, oats, whisky, live
hogs, hides and furs, potatoes,
beans and fiaxseed. They were fur
nished from five of the eighteen
counties that then constituted the
territory of Iowa.
From this can be gained an idea
of the total products of the state
seyenty-five years ago. The popula-
ton at that time was around $4,000.
The people exported little because
they needed practically all they
could produce for their own con-
sumption. The newspaper makes
plea that the farmers turn their at
tention from the raising of gu and
pork, in which they were almost ex-
cluaively engaged, and add to their
productions, hemp, tobacco, wool,
tame grapes and other diversified
crops.
Transportation by that time was
by water whereas it is now almost
exclusively by rail- The Des Moines.
the Skunk, the Iowa and the Cedar
rivers annually sent off many boat
loads. In the words of the Report
er, down every river, from every
village and hamlet in Iowa, are the
products of the soil poured to the
Mississippi.
lowa's future as a manufacturers
state looks bright. Just now it is
somewhat overshadowed by a ring of
larger cities that completely sur
rounds it, including Minneapolis
and st. Paul, Chicago, st. Louis.
Kansas City and Omaha. The time
is coming when Iowa and other west
ern states will supplant Ohio, Indiana
and Illinois as the manufacturing
points for articles that hinge upon
agriculture. The trend is westward.
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1916-09-13

There are women who are comely,
there are women who are homely-
but be careful now the latter thing
you say. There are women who are
healthy, there are women who are
wealthy, there are women who will
always have their way. There are
women who are truthful, there are
women who are youthful-was there
ever any woman who was old! There
are women who ale sainted, there are
women who are painted, there are
women who are worth their weight
In gold. There are women who are
slender, there are women who are
tender, there are women who are
tender, there are women who are
large and fat. There are women who
have tarried, there are women who
are married. there are women WHO
are talkless-but they're dead.
- -
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1916-09-13

This, 'floater" will do to repeat
this morning: This is the way Mis-
sourian confessed at a camp meeting
He was pressed hard to repent and
finally at last got up: Dear friends,
said Bill, I feel the spirit moving
me to talk and tell what a bad man
] have been, but / can't do it while
the grand jury is in session. The
Lord will forgive YOU shouted the
preacher. / guess that's all right,
said Bill, he amt on the grand
jury"
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1916-09-13
SATIRE.

Sept. IL, 1915.
Oscar Bernards autoed to Ridge
way last Sunday.
Adolph Shervin arrived home last
week from Wisconsin, where he has
been visiting relatives.
Misses Sara and Anna Bidne
leaves this week for Madison
Mimi, where they will attend the
United Normal School.
Born to Mr.. and Mrs. Perry Oh
son, an lb. baby, Sept. 3. Congrat-
ulations.
Mrs. Sampson and Morris were
DEBORAH callers on Saturday.
Henry Hanson was out buggy rid
ing Sunday eve. Wonder how he
found the roads.
A few from here attended the Y
A. S. sale over at Canoe Ridge
church last Friday.
The Iowa River l.. A. s. met al
Mrs. Hulquist's with a large atten
dance.
Mr.. and Mrs. Albert AmundsoT
and family, Miss Hill of DEBORAH Wis
tied at A. Smorstad's Sunday after
noon.
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1916-09-13
.Corns Loosen,
Lift Right Off
Nothing but "GETS-IT" Will do
this to COrns and Calluses

If you've ever had corns, you've
tried lots of things to get rid of
them-salyes that eat your toe and
leave the corn remaining, cotton
rings that make your corns bulge out
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1916-09-13

when Iowa hogs sell for 5000
per hundred pounds in Chicago the
auto manufacturers take a day off
to slap each other on the back" says
the Marshalltown metropolitan.
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1916-09-13

Sheep are used as beasts of bur
len in northern India.
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1916-09-13

Try Our Want Column
Decorah public opinion. (Decorah, Winneshiek County [Iowa]) 1895-1928, 1916-09-13
GROWTH IN IOWA'S OUTPUT.

E. R. TELLER
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-08-29
Light Weight
Is Uncommon.
Report Shows

Family scales varying. to the sell.
er's advantage, as much as a pound
were discovered by Wallace J. I.illis
in semi-annual inspection just fin.
ished of weights and measures on
Oahu
Generally. fillIs found the island
scales fairly accurate and he credits
most inaccuracies more TO defective
mechanism than TO wilful cheating.
One scale confiscated by Lillis iu-
Gicates two pounds Oh its dial when
a one-pound weight is placed upon
it.
You can imagine how fast a mer-
chant would get rich selling by the
pound on that one," laughed Lillis.
The weights and measures inspect
or says that the cheaper scales such
as this one often lose tension in the
controlling spring AMI cannot hold
up to the marks intended.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-08-29
.COMMITTEESOF
BOURBONS Will
MEET TONIGHT
Governor Pinkham Has Been
Asked to Attend, But May Be
Prevented BY Illness

Governor Pinkham has been invited
to speak at a joint meeting OF the
Democratic territorial central com
mittee and county committee to be
held at 7:30 O'Clock this evening in
Phoenix hall, Fourth and Beretania
streets. " -... ..=.,
1t is not likely, however, that Gov
ernor Pinkham will be able TO attend
the meeting. as he is still confined to
his home with slight illness and was
unable to go to his office in the capitol
today. The object of the meeting Is
TO call upon the several party leaders
for their views as 10 what may be
done In the coming campaign in the
best interest of the local organization.
In the absence Of Prof. w. A. Bryan,
chairman of the central committee, w.
II. Mcclellan, chairman Of the county
committee, will preside. Among the
speakers are expected OF be Lincoln
l.. McCandless, Democratic candidate
for delegate to Congress-: c. }. Nc
Carthy, territorial treasurer; Bertram
C.. Riyenburgh, land commissioner;
Allan Herbert, Richard Fl. Trent and
G. J. Waller. -" :
The meeting Will Ire q strictly get
together affair in preparation for the
big Bourbon rally and notification
meeting TO be held at Aaia Park at
1880 o'clock on the evening of Sat
urday, September 3.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-08-29

The 10000 Pennsylvania guardsmen
doing border duty will not be deprived
Of their right to vote at the presi,
Dental election next November, &C.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1916-08-29
news
Tends TO WEAKEN
STOCK MARKET

Lower price for sugar and adverse
strike news were reflected in the 10
cal stock market today. News of the
definite calling Of strike was net
received until after the session had
ended. Between boards olaa sold at
$3.50 and Olaa az S3I.S7 I.2. Nc.
Bryde sold down an eighth at S1I.75.
At the session Eva was $35, Pioneer
$3.50 and Telephone S19.75. Sales
between boards were So shares and
at the session 2I5.
or the unlisted stocks there were
msall sales, 400 Mineral Products at
80 cents and 81 shares of Mounta In
King at - cents. Oil was S3Gm$3.I0,
Engels $2.40ds2.50 and Tipperary
,7mS cents.
Directly after tn temperance of the
Star-Bnlletin's extra edition announc.
ing the settling OF time for railroad
men to walk ont several brokers said
they thought the adverse news had al,
ready been pretty well discounted,
that II would probably have still
further depressing effect but that to-
day they thought the latest develop
ments would only tend TO discourage.