El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-07-15


! - remarked that there is only one
major trouble with the modern motor
vehicle. apd that is fabrication All 9TH
er ills are simply minor ones, mostly
spriIg ing from this great fundamental
: cause. If the average American motor
/ car were properly fabricated all the
J time have no hesitation in SAYING that
3 its life would be doubled y tunda-
mental and thorough understanding OF
/ the principles and methods of lubric$-
/ ton. then, is an essential need in the
3 promotion Of efficiency in American
motOrdOm.
/ How many of us stop to realize that
Z the motor car consists practically OF a
great number of surfaces resting upon
each other Wherever two separate
O. surfaces come together there is bound
3 10 be FRACTIONAL resistance. \ lubricant
/ IS simply a material which. when in
: troduced between adjoining surfaces OF
:wO bodies having relative motion. sub
stitutes one class of friction for an
other. with the result that FRACTIONAL
B resistance with the lubricant present ~
J very much reduced from what il would
be If the lubricant were absent
journal Box LubricatiOn.
For instance. consider the case OF
simple shaft running in its journal bON
on bearing In order 10 obtain relative
silence IN running the journal box must
fit fairly tightly on the shaft to prevent
its jumping and chattering as II runs.
In other words. there must be near
contact LnFOuzuOuT llG tuLATt SUI AdN7l
in juxtapositiOn. Now when the shaft
is run with a load upon il. obviously the
metal of the shaft viii be forced down
upon the metal Of the bearing The i'm
projections in the surfaces generates
much friction. due to the rubbing. This
friction induces heat which again ex-
pands the metal Of the shaft and causes
it to fit still more tightly in the bear
ing. Now before this has gone on long
the necessary clearance OF the SHAFT in
the bearing is gone. The resulting close
contact causes one Of the parts 20 rub
the other until one Of them, the softer.
is destroyed or the two parts may
seize that is. fuse together and become
practically one piece Of metal
Now by proper use Of lubricant all
this trouble is easily eliminated The
entire annuLar space between the shaft
and its box is filled with lubricant OF
such viscosity as tends to make its
particles hold together and resist sepa-
ration from each other So long as
proper amount of suitable lubricant is
maintained in the bearing IL is impos-
Sible for the shaft TO touch the metal or
the bearing Thus it viii be seen that
the metal shaft is literally fOated IN
its box on lubricant. This being the
case. there will be no friction from the
surfaces rubbing against each other.
With the friction eliminated there VIII
be no heating and no tendency to seize
This is the fundamental nature of all
fabrication
Elimination of Friction.
Now II IS not SLLlCLAE correct 10 SOY I
that We have eliminated all friction
What we have really done is TO elimi |
nate the friction Of metal surfaces. sub
shutting therefore very much milder
oil. which makes IL a good lubricant. is !
to be attributed the fractional resist |
ance with which We still have to deal |
The viscosity Of the oil. which causes !
II TO stay together and keep the two
meal surfaces apart. causes II TO adj |
here % each OF the two relatively nov |
ing surfaces Thus the oil. considering
the film in the bearing TO be made up |
OF successive layers or sub-films in \
contact with the rotating shaft or re-
ciprocating piston. moves with the part
while that in layer in contact with the |
stationary bearing box or cylinder wall /
remains stationary. This being granted, I
IL is evident that one layer Of oil NOV /
ing over the other engenders internal 1
friction IN the lubricant itself This J
internal motion in the oil causes 2 rise L
in temperature in the same way that a /
piece Of metal gets hot when rubbed l
against another piece OF the same ma
teriaL
Lowers Internal Friction.
N a properly fabricated bearing fresh i
oil IS constantly being pumped in. and I
this fresh lubricant mixing with the
heated product produces a certain effi- \
cienI working temperature Up to
certain point this rise in the temporal
ture OF The lubricant is actually bene-
fetal II reduces the viscosity OF the \
OIL and thus lowering Tle INTERNAL TIC
ton and the mechanical losses
oil IS always heated IN its passage
through bearing. no matter what the |
latters functions may be II fresh lu-
bricant were not supplied continuously !
the rolling and sliding of molecule upon |
molecule would in a short time burn |
out the very properties that make the |
oil an efficient lubricant. When great
heat IS present. as IN the case or mo-
tor cylinder. this result ensues very
quickly. In the event OF this condition
being allowed to exist for some little
time the effect would be just the same
as If The part had been run without any
lubricant at all Thus il will be seen
that the need for a continuously fresh ,
supply of lubricant. TO prevent the lu
bricating qualities Of the oil being !
burned out, is a vital part OF the whole
problem
In referring to the type OF oil to be
used in that most difficult Of all parts J
Of the car TO lubricate. the engine cyl
inder. one Of the most prominent Of the !
in the lubricating oil
line recently said.
Use the Proper Oil.
The Importance Of proper fabrication
of motor cars applies only to two
things. The proper oil and its proper
Use. Primarily the value OF a cylinder
lubricant is the resistance il offers to :
being rubbed out or worn out by con-
slant contact between the piston rings |
and the cylinder walls under the beat Il
o which it is subjected by the coufhus-
ion.
The oil must have viscosity. which
$ 10 saw. body IN gas or sasolene en-
zines the parts are all closely fitted Il
md tight They must be kept apart.
rhe film OF the oil must have the sub
stance 20 il TO keep the parts free from
contact and under pressure absorb the
leat of friction and prevent seizing and
ave wear TO the greatest extent pos
ible.
Under conditions Of pressure and dry
eat all oil viii carbonize at about 500 ,
egrees- The secret OF a perfect oil for
he lubricauou of automobiles is one |
of an oil that can be fill
cred through animal or bone black
harcoal. the process Of liberation re- \
moving the impurities which form car ;
on II is claimed by the best authority
hat a petroleum product made from
-estern or asphaltum based crude oil ,
annOt be filtered. but is an acid treat
oil and cannot be distinguished from ! \
he Pennsylvania or paraffine base
rude except by its gravity. fire test =
nd cold test. The largest refiners OF 1
pennsylvania crude oil for several |
ears have settled unanimously on a
ertain product OF petroleum called 4
eutrai oil. as being the best oil that |
hey can manufacture for the proper i
NJ rIcs.EiOn of automobiles 1