davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-07-01

probably a reformation Of starch accom-
panied by a disappearance OF cane sugar
during the latter part Of the season
March to June.
The changes in starch and cane sugar
appear In a general way to correspond
with the seasonal changes in the tenn
psrature. In sweet potatoes kept in cold
storage, at 392 Fahrenheit, there is a
rapid disappearance OF the starch and
an accompanying increase in cane sugar.
These changes do not attain a state OF
equilibrium at that temperature, as the
sweet potatoes invariably rot by the
action of fungi before the changes have
reached their maximum
It may seem like g matter Of minor
import to ascertain why sweet potatoes
are sweet and what constitutes a really
ripe banana In these days, when the
limitations Of the seasons are no longer
allowed to set restrictions on the food
demands OF mankind. and when questions
OF effective economical methods OF trans
portation and storage are seriously
studied, II becomes essential, says Tbs
Journal OF the American Medical AssO-
citation, for practical as well as theo-
retical reasons, to unravel the details Of
the biologic processes involved
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-07-01

rapid while the fruits are turning from
green to yellow. During this period the
respiration increases MANIFOLD Next to
the starch and respiration changes. most
conspicuous are those OF water. The
peel loses. while the pulp gains, in water
by steady transfer OF the latter to it
from the peel during ripening-
Similar changes take place IN the
sweet potato. Sugar IS developed, with
the result that the storage OF sweet
potatoes Is accompanied by decay
brought about by micro-Organisms- These
destructive changes are not yet wholly
preventable by any OF the methods OF
storage in common use.
During its growth the sweet potato
contains very little sugar. The reserve
materials from the vines are almost
wholly deposited as starch. Immediately
after the roots are harvested there oc-
ours a rapid transformation Of starch
into sugar. This transformation seems
to be due to internal causes and is largely
Independent OF external conditions. In
sweet potatoes stored at a temperature
OF from 50 to 81 F., the moisture remains
fairly constant There is g gradual dis
appearance Of starch during the first
OF the season-OctOber TO March-and
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-07-01

carbon dioxid is produced and given on.
Usually this means a conversion OF in
soluble starch into soluble sugar. which
latter is then in part used up in the respi-
ration functions Ripening effects loss
in the total carbohydrate content of the
fruit, for example, as well as an attend
ant development Of soluble carbo-
hydrates. Apples which are ripe early
have developed a considerable content Of
sugar by transformation Of starch. The
unripe apple "a relatively rich In starch
and poor In sugars. The speed with
which the ripening changes proceed va
ries widely with species and varieties of
plants as well as with the temperature.
They proceed apart from all connection
with the original plant, as We commonly
note when green fruit prematurely
picked, proceeds to ripen properly.
The United States Department of Agri-
culture has recognized the desirability Of
increasing our knowledge of what con-
stitutes "ripening." as Is witnessed by
two investigations recently reported from
the Government laboratories at Wash
ington- With respect to bananas. the
most conspicuous change is the CONVEX
sion Of starch into sugars. It is most
ompany. Great Britain Rights Reserved,
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-07-01

are as gOOd SWIMMERS zuu as lear
less Centuries OF tradition have
made them a little timid about tax
ing to the water in their everyday
attire They thought the clothes
would drag them to the bottom
But after a little reasoning with
them they have all taken braTely to
the water. There have been no &C
cidents-
II every one could swim, and, espe-
fear Of springing into the water In
any garb, the number OF fatalities by
drowning would be reduced fifty per
cent Such disasters as the Slocum
affair would be robbed Of, at least
half their horror. That disaster oc-
CURED in comparatively shallow
water. Had every one on board
known how to swim. and been IN
afraid to leap into the water in the
gala attire Of that Inflated excur-
sion. the number Of lives lost would
not have been one thousand It
would not have been five hundred
Swimming may be regarded as
freed of all dangers There need be
no fear even OF the former terror
inspiring cramps. ASK any Of the
young women who spring gOwned
and hated into the water whether
they are afraid Of cramps, and they
viii answer: NO. Should a cramp
seize you turn over on your back
and kick it out
The person who f. in danger Of
cramps is he who eats and drinks
heavily and goes into the water. IN
digestion seizes him, and in the
clutch Of the cramps he sinks There
would be practically no cramps II
a swimmer would go into the water
before eating. or would wait until
two hours after a meal
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-07-01

from behind, encircle his neck with
your arm, drawing the head out OF
water. That is called the strange
hold
Holding the Imperilled swimmer
IN this fashion, strike out for the
canoe or motor boat, and get the
person across it as quickly as posi-
BILE. Swim with one arm, dragging
the rescued one with the other.
In street costume nay pupils per
form feats that would, in a real
emergency, mean the saving Of
life. Several Of them have already
actually performed that service. One
Of the young women in the SEM u
class has four lives to her credit.
She saved a child that was sinking
the third time. On another occasion
she saved a mother and two daugh-
ters- It was a commentary on, let US
say, the nervousness of the person
who has been in peril Of drowning,
that none OF the three thanked the
girl who saved them
Everyone can learn to swim.
Everyone should learn to swim
favor making swimming compulsory
in all schools. A diploma should be
withheld In all institutions from
those who have failed to learn. For
not only does a lack Of knowledge
of how to swim indicate a lack Of
courage, but it shows that the per
son is defective in a most important
character quality, perseverance.
For, as l said, everyone can learn
to swim as everyone can learn to
sing or to dance. Some may not
become as expert as others, but all
can learn sufficiently to be safe in
the water themselves and to save
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-07-01
Overheard With Hats, Shoes and
All Your Clothes TO Teach
You How to SaUe a
Drowning Person

not, according as the drowning per
son is in instant need or not II
there be time they also fling of their
coats. The hats take care Of them
selves They either fall of in the
leap or the disarranged hair lOosens
them But it does not greatly mat
ter about the hat nor the other
clothes. These are mere precautions
to be taken if there Is time, to be
ignored If there is not
Suppose the drowning person is a
hundred yards or more from shore.
Don't, in your zeal, swim toward him
80 rapidly that you exhaust yourself
before you reach him. Swim at a
moderate pace. outstanding your
strength. Or. If you can arrange It,
Jump into a boat and row or paddle
out TO him.
The swimmer strikes out for the
person to be rescued. It is hoped
she will not make the wrong ap-
proach- The wrong approach, that
results in many fatalities every
Summer, is to swim toward the
drowning person from the front. Do
this and the drowning one will IN
stinctively grasp you and draw you
down There viii probably be two
droTned-you as well as himself
I have sifted many methods thor
oughly, and have concluded there
are but three that are safe and prac-
ticable. Always approach the per
son from the back. Having swum
within reaching distance, grasp the
person by the hair. Seize him by
the collar and give it a twist. Or.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1916-07-01

Copyright ~ % the Star Company.
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1916-11-10
WORK ON CAMPAIGN BANNERS
Twelve Men Employed In Production
Of Ono Of These Wonderful
objects Of art"

The services of IL men are required
to produce one of the big campaign
banners.
Two men prepare the strips on which
the lettering Is done. Two more look
after the lettering Of these strips, the
painting Of the names of clubs or as
sochtions ordering the banners, the
captions for the portraits and the Of
dces for which the nominees are to
contend.
Two men work on the centerpIeces,
generally consisting of an eagle and Il
shield. One man devotes himself to
the special portraits, and the others
assemble the various parts, sew the
strips together, and give the finishing
touches to the banner.
The portrait man" scorns to do
any other work than the main portrait.
The rest he calls filling in." BY work
Ing on the same faces day after day
this artist becomes SO skillful that he
can paint the portrait Of a candidate
Ito use the words of one painter) Gin
the dark" and do 1t as true to life as
the standard of the campaign banner
Industry requires.
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1916-11-10
PRESERVING EGGS is SIMPLE
Water Glass Method is Not at All
Observation-Disclosures Is Very I'M
portant Factor.

(By e. p. LADD North Dakota Expert
ment Station)
In preserving eggs the water-glass
method is very simple. Eggs put up
according to 1t will retain their orig
inal flavor.
Directions: The eggs must be fresh
and clean. Washing an egg spoils it's
qualities. Galvanized iron vessels,
crooks, jars or wooden kegs may be
used. The vessel must be clean. If
of wood it must be thoroughly scald-
ed. Use good grade of water glass.
One like heavy white jelly that flows
like cold molasses. Use one quart of
the water glass to ten quarts of pure
water that has been boiled. Pour into
the vessel when cool. Fresh eggs
can be put into it from time to time
until the jar is filled. There should be
two inches of the solution above the
eggs.
Keep the preserved eggs in a cool
place, as in a cellar. The eggs will
contain some gas and so crack when
boiled. This can be prevented by max
ing pin hole in the blunt end of the
eggs before boiling them.
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1916-11-10

cause the hen is not able to digest
much food containing a high percent
age of crude fiber. The hens that did
eat sunhower seed were seen cracking
them and eating only the softer por-
tons inside, possibly because they
wanted to get rid of the crude fiber
in the shell.
Bran is often used in poultry feed
ing, but the hens In this test which
could get other feed almost always
chose it instead of bran. Alfalfa
leaves were tried but not eaten to any
great extent.
Animal food of some kind, such as
the beef scrap or sour milk, is gen.
orally regarded as very necessary for
laying hens, but most of the hens in
this test did not eat much more beef
scrap while laying than while not lay
ing. Two actually ate more of it when
they were not laying.
Other tests at the Missouri station
have shown that the use of either beef
scrap or sour milk makes the hens
egg record at least twice as good as
though she were fed no animal feed
whatever, and that sour milk is slight
ly better than beef scrap for this pur-
pose in addition to being cheaper and
easier to get on most farms.
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1916-11-10
MORE EGGS WITHOUT MALES
tain More Energy to Be Devoted
to Egg Production.

1t has been quite well established by
tests that hens kept separated from
male birds will produce more eggs
than those that run with the males.
In one experiment five hens, FIVE pull
let's and cock were put in one pen
and five hens and five pullets In an
other. All were of the same breed and
were given the same care.
The experiment continued from
January until September. The mated
females produced $50 eggs and the
minated ones 972, difference of %
In favor Of the minated ones. In an
other experiment practically the same
results were secured.
The theory is that minated hens
are not worried by the male and be-
Ing more quiet retain more energy to
be devoted to the production Of eggs.
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1916-11-10
Chinese Trade and the War,

United States trade with China in
creased In 1915, although foreign bust
ness men throughout the world suf-
fered loss of more than $10O,OOO, 900
In their exports to that country last
year. China has for years been In an
unsettled condition, yet the country's
foreign trade mounted higher and high
er until the European war, when the
trade was crippled. Wherever a rail-
road has been built In China new trade
opportunities have sprung up and new
markets have been created. On the
upper Yangtze river In western China,
a rich inland empire in the Chungking
consular district, having population
of upward Of 100000, no adequate
transportation facilities exist, and no
railway connection whatever.
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1916-11-10
(By H. L. KEMPsTER, Missouri Agri-
cultural Experiment Station)

(By H. L. KEMPSTER, Missouri Agri-
cultural Experiment Station)
Perhaps the best way to find out
what hens like Is to ask the hens. At
least that was the plan followed by
the Missouri agricultural experiment
station in recent tests in which
weighed amounts of various feeds
We're placed before the hens and what
they left of each kind Of feed was
weighed back so it was possible to tell
what kinds of feed they had eaten
and what they had passed by. AT the
same time careful record was kept
of the number of eggs laid by each
hen and her changes in weight.
The test seems to show that the hen
knows better than many people how
to select the food that will help her
most in laying eggs and keep her in
the best condition. Some old ideas
with regard to poultry feeding were
proved sound and some others were
discredlted by the hens. They almost
all showed q decided preference for
wheat which is very generally used
as a poultry feed. Kafir stood next
In popularity, followed by corn and
cornmeal, but oats and sunfiowers
were not eaten as much as many peo-
pie would have expected, probably be-
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1916-11-10
The People Pay.

The people of the United States are
paying war prices for great many ar
ticles Of everyday use because those
articles are not produced at home. In
other words, they are having a prac-
teal demonstration at so much per of
the democratic free trade Idea. The
Idea is that we ought to buy where we
can buy cheapest. 1t may have worked
In the old days, but it doesn't work
now, because all the cheap sources Of
supply are closed. If the old Repub-
lican idea of protecting industry In our
own country had been followed con-
sistently for the last ten or fifteen
years we should have had factories
busy In the production of all these
things, and our people would be able
to purchase them at reasonable prices.
Right now the mistake Of abandoning
the theory of protection is costing the
people Of this country more than it
costs any European nation to do It's
part In the war.-Yakima Republic.
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1916-11-10
EVEN THE PREMIER is HIT
Only Allowed Six Gallons of Gasoline
Month by New Re-
strictions.

In England the private motorist 10
no longer allowed to use gasoline free
ly. SO much Is NEEDED for military
purposes that the new restrictions are
severe. High and low are being treat
ed alike, and 1t is, perhaps, some con-
ISOLATION to the ordinary motor car own
er to know that the prime minister and
the speaker of the house of commons
are allowed only six gallons of petrol
month. Mr.. Lowther, the speaker, con-
not dream of motoring as usual to
Penrith, and Mr.. Asquith will be hard
put to it to run down to his Berk-
shire home for a weekend. Mr.. As
quith, however, rarely uses his car In
town, and can be seen any evening,
unescorted and almost unnoticed,
strolling from the house back to Down
ing street.
AS for the speaker, one day recent
ly a traveller on the top of South
London tramcar bound for Westmin-
ster observed among his fellow-passen-
gers the picturesque figure of Right
Hon. ]. w. Lowther, Immediately clad
In suit of summer gray, with a white
top-hat. Next to him was a carpen-
ter, burdened with the implements Of
his trade.
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1916-11-10
MACHINE TO PEEL PEACHES
uonixed by Remarkable Invention,
Growers Predict

There has been quietly and secretly
Installed at the California Peach Grow
ers' Plant No. Q, which Is better known
as the Fresno Home Packing COM
pany's plant, peeled peach machine
which promises TO revolutionize the
peach industry and make 1t profitable
to market peeled peaches at the low
price of 8 or 8 cents per pound.
With the advent of the peeled peach
machine, which can put out a perfect
peeled peach at less cost than can be
done by hand 1t is predicted that there
will be a big demand for the peeled
peaches, and this will form one of the
important outlets for the peach indus
try.
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1916-11-10
lNCURABLE DEFECT IN BRAIN
CoIor-BIIndness Cannot Be Over.
Come, Though Word-BIlndness
: May Be AiIevlated.

Two defects In regard to sight
word-blindness and color-blindness-
are described by an English writer
He points out that they are not de-
fects of the eyes at all, but are really
mental defects, and, curiously enough,
are found very often In clever men,
the discoverer of the liberalization,
the great administering himself
color-blind.
blindness occurs In about
three to four per cent Of males and in
a smaller number of females. 1t is
frequently hereditary, but, strangely
enough, though the males suffer from
the defect. the females carry it on.
Color-blindness Is defect In the
registering apparatus In the brain and
is incurable. 1t Is of Importance to
recognize the defect early, and to turn
the attention of the sufferer to work
in which this defect will not be a han
dicap. Such children should learn
early that there Is no work for them
on the railway.
Word-blindness Is a much more Sc
rious defect, and may be the cause of
the difficulty some children find In
learning to read. They see correctly.
Tested with figures or pictures, they
may pass the standard, but the let
ters Of the alphabet, when strung to-
gether to form words, convey no mean
ing to them. The effect Is due to
want Of association Of the brain CEN
ters. The defect Is usually mistaken
at first to indicate defective eyesight,
but this Is not SO. 1t Is noteworthy
that these same children may show
considerable ease In reading figures,
even money sums. To teach these
children to read, words must not be
taken letter by letter, but as a whole.
the word "cat" must be taken not as
Cat" equals cat, but the whole
thing must be the sign for cat. The
method is known as the 'look and say
plan, and by its aid 1t is possible to
teach the child to read.
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1916-11-10
Knew Money by Onion Smell.


That an Ill wind. even an onion
smell, blows somebody good was shown
IN police court, Brooklyn, by Simon
Silverman, an onion peddler.
Silverman missed his roll of $50. A
woman told him she had Just passed
TWO men, one Of whom was saying.
You found 1t; you keep It,"
The peddler called a policeman, who
TOOK the pair to court. On one $40 In
Oils was found. The policeman asked
silyerman II he could identify his
money.
Don't give them to me, Mr.. Police
man." exclaimed the peddler. IF
they smell Of onions they're NINE"
The onion odor convinced the cop.
silyerman got the money and the pris-
oner was held.
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1916-11-10
Furnished a Double Proof,

A tramp knocked at farmers door
ind called for something to eat.
Are you a Christian asked the
good-hearted country man.
Cant you tellf" answered the man.
Look at the holes worn in the knees
of my pants. What do they proven"
The farmers wife promptly brought
put the food, and the tramp turned to
20.
well Wellr' asked the farmer.
What made those holes In the back
Of your pants?"
"Backsliding." replied the tramp as
he hurried on.
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1916-11-10
POULTRY AS INSECT HUNTERS
Fowls VIII Pick Up Much Food When
Turned Loose in Fleds-Tur-
keys Like Grasshoppers.

The poultry that is turned loose in
the fields these days will pick up a
lot OF valuable feed that will not cost
you cent. This feed, consisting large
ly of insects, makes valuable poultry
feed In two ways, as it not only nour-
ishes the poultry, but is thereby pre-
vented from eating and otherwise de.
stroying your crops.
Turkeys are especially fine insect
hunters and are among the best hun
tiers of the grasshopper.
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1916-11-10
Wall Nest for Layers.

droppings as they wait. In the nest
illustrated, the sliding door at one end
may be shut at night. This will keep
the birds from roosting on the nests.
The narrow board by which the hens
enter the nests allows their droppings
to fall on the floor instead of accumu-
lating to soil their feet and then the
eggs. The removable board on the
front of the nests makes them conven-
lent to clean.
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1916-11-10
LOCATION OF CHICKEN COOP
Place II on High, WeII-Drained Spot
Avoid Cool, Damp Air That
Keeps Things Moist

In locating a chicken coop, place 1t
on high, well drained spot. Soil that
is well drained is less likely to become
contaminated with disease germs.
Air drainage is as necessary as soil
drainage, so the coop should not stand
In low place or pocket where cool,
damp air settles and keeps things
moist.
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1916-11-10
CLEAN WALL NEST FOR HENS
One Shown In Illustration Herewith Is
Recommended by Kansas Auri-
cultural College.

Roomy, clean nests mean clean
eggs. The Kansas State Agricultural
college advocates the use of the nest
shown. Dirty nests are generally
caused by the fowls roosting on the
edge of the nests and allowing drop
pings to fall in, or by the hens waiting
at the edge of their favorite nest for
another hen to get through laying,
and fouling the side of the nest With
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1916-11-10
CANDj..; AND GRADE ALL EGGS
Farmer Cannot Afford to Produce Best
and Take Flat "Case-count" Price
for Product.

Insist that your buyer candle and
grade your eggs and that he pay
premium for "firsts' over seconds"
You cannot afford to produce the best
and take a fiat "case-count" price
along with the producers of small,
dirty, stale, inferior eggs.
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1916-11-10
Colors and the EmotIonn

'Colors affect the emotions. A red
rag makes bull mad. Pink makes
people affectionate."
something In that. Long green has
similar effect upon my wife."-Louis-
Vile Courier Journal
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1916-11-10
8 xj{$$HE{E48

III l knew you and you knew me
III both OF us could clearly see.
ana with an inner sight divine
me meaning of your heart and mine.
III sure that we would differ less
Ano clasp our hands in friendllness;
our thoughts would pleasantly agree
IL knew you and you knew me.
Nixon Waterman
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1916-11-10
Daily Thought.

There are certain times In our life
when we find ourselves In clrcumstan-
css that not only press upon US, but
seem to weigh us down altogether.
They give us, however, not only the
opportunity, but they impose upon US
the duty Of elevating ourselves, and
merely fulfilling the purpose of the
divine Being In our creation.-Goethe.
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1916-11-10

Is no excuse for lack OF
variety.
italian Cheese With
Rice.-Put a half cupful
of well washed rice ia
cook In a pint Of boiling
water, cook five minutes
from the time 1t boils
Drain and rinse the rice
in cold water; add a cup.
ful of canned Tomatoes
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1916-11-10
SEEKING Opportunities.

Say, congress has made an eight
nour day out Of the "a hours, hasn't
ftp
Yes"
Gee. boys, what a chance to make
q night out OF the rest of EN-"